WO2017143725A1 - 一种模块化被动式节能建筑及其建造方法 - Google Patents

一种模块化被动式节能建筑及其建造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017143725A1
WO2017143725A1 PCT/CN2016/091548 CN2016091548W WO2017143725A1 WO 2017143725 A1 WO2017143725 A1 WO 2017143725A1 CN 2016091548 W CN2016091548 W CN 2016091548W WO 2017143725 A1 WO2017143725 A1 WO 2017143725A1
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Prior art keywords
building
floor
atrium
wall
door
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PCT/CN2016/091548
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
潘学强
严小霞
吕黄兵
管龙
曾熠
陈轩
甘霖
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中建钢构有限公司
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Priority to DE212016000264.3U priority Critical patent/DE212016000264U1/de
Publication of WO2017143725A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017143725A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H14/00—Buildings for combinations of different purposes not covered by any single one of main groups E04H1/00-E04H13/00 of this subclass, e.g. for double purpose; Buildings of the drive-in type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/3483—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
    • E04F17/04—Air-ducts or air channels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/16—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against adverse conditions, e.g. extreme climate, pests
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of architecture, and in particular relates to a modular passive energy-saving building and a construction method thereof.
  • the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings is an important content and measure for promoting energy-saving and emission reduction in China. It mainly refers to energy-saving systems such as building envelopes, air conditioning, heating, ventilation, lighting, power supply and distribution, and hot water supply. Comprehensive energy-saving renovation, but insufficient attention to the system benefits of energy-saving measures.
  • China has formulated and issued the “Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Warm Winter Zones”, in which specific building and building thermal energy-saving design methods focus on the orientation of individual houses, body shape coefficient, window-wall area ratio, The heat transfer coefficient and thermal inertia index of the roof and exterior wall of the residential building, the heat transfer coefficient of the outer window and the comprehensive sunshade coefficient are on the prescriptive indicators.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a modular passive energy-saving building and a construction method thereof, aiming at solving the problem that the building consumes a large amount of energy during the construction process and during use.
  • the present invention is achieved by providing a modular passive energy efficient building comprising at least one floor unit and a roof cover and an atrium for air circulation, the roof cover covering the top of the floor unit of the uppermost floor, The atrium penetrates each of the floor units and the roof cover to communicate with an external environment, the floor unit includes a steel structure frame module for easy installation, a wall module with heat insulation function, a floor panel, and a door and window with good insulation performance.
  • the wall module and the floor panel are respectively disposed on a side surface and a bottom surface of the frame module, and the door window is disposed on the wall module.
  • the frame module and the wall module enclose an active space, and the active space includes a living area with a higher frequency of use and a service area with a lower frequency of use, wherein the service area is distributed in the living area and Between the wall modules.
  • the passive energy-saving building maintains a certain height with the ground, and the atrium is located between the living area of each of the floor units and the service area, and the first and second openings are opened and opened.
  • a ventilating door the first venting door communicates with the service area and the atrium, and the second venting door communicates with the living area and the atrium.
  • the living area includes at least one of a bedroom, a living room, a dining room, and a study room
  • the service area includes at least one of a toilet, a storage room, a staircase, a garage, and a equipment room.
  • a side of each of the floor units is further provided with a balcony, and a folding grid door is installed on the outer side of the balcony, and the folding grid door is made of a wood material with good heat insulation.
  • the wall module comprises an outer wall body and a double skin structure mounted on the surface of the outer wall, the double skin structure comprising an aer plate, a cross section of "day" shaped ecological wood and a wooden keel,
  • the outer panel is attached to the outer wall as an inner skin, and the ecological wood is fixedly connected to the outer panel by the wooden keel through the wooden keel, and the ecological wood is spaced apart from each other. And a predetermined distance is maintained between the Ettz plates to form an interlayer that facilitates air circulation.
  • the door and window are hollow glass wood-aluminum composite doors and windows with good heat preservation performance.
  • the roof cover includes a metal bottom plate, asbestos, glass wool, a moisture barrier layer, a waterproof gas permeable membrane, and a surface metal plate in order from bottom to top.
  • the invention also provides a method for constructing a modular passive energy-saving building, the building being a single-story building comprising the following steps:
  • the steel component is built into the frame module, and the wall module and the floor plate are respectively installed on the side and the bottom surface of the frame module, the door and window are installed on the wall module, and then the atrium is built, and finally the roof cover is laid, that is, Complete the construction of the building.
  • the invention also provides a method for constructing a modular passive energy-saving building, the building being a multi-story building comprising the following steps:
  • the steel component is built into the frame module, and the wall module and the floor plate are respectively installed on the side and the bottom surface of the frame module, the door and window are installed on the wall module, and then the atrium is built;
  • step C the second to Nth floor units are sequentially built above the first floor unit
  • a modular passive energy-saving building of the present invention improves the industrialization degree of the building through modular construction and shortens the construction period; effectively controls construction waste and construction dust during the construction process, and saves energy and environmental protection; Easy-to-install steel frame module, wall module with thermal insulation function, floor and floor and window with good insulation performance, greatly reduce heat transfer inside and outside the building, reduce dependence on air conditioning and heating equipment, and reduce energy consumption.
  • the atrium can form a hot-pressed natural ventilation, which can adapt to the constantly changing and poor external wind environment, and effectively improve the indoor air quality. In the summer, the atrium can cool the building at night, reducing the use of air conditioners and saving electricity. In order to achieve the goal of passive energy conservation and environmental protection.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a modular passive energy-saving building according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the floor unit of FIG. 1.
  • a modular passive energy-saving building includes at least one floor unit 100, a roof cover 200, and an atrium 300 for air circulation.
  • the roof cover 200 covers the top of the uppermost floor unit 100, and the atrium 300 communicates with the external environment through each floor unit 100 and the roof cover 200.
  • the floor unit 100 includes a steel structure frame module 110 for easy installation, a wall module 120 having a heat insulating function, a floor panel 130, and a door and window 140 with good insulation properties.
  • the wall module 120 and the floor panel 130 are respectively disposed on the bottom surface and the side surface of the frame module 110, and the door and window 140 is disposed on the wall module 120.
  • the wall module 120 includes an outer wall (not shown) and a double skin structure 121 mounted on the outer wall surface.
  • the double-layered skin structure 121 includes an Ae plate, an ecological wood having a "Japanese" shape in section, and a wooden keel.
  • the inner plate is fixed to the outer wall by screws as the inner skin, and the ecological wood is fixedly connected to the outer plate by the wooden keel through the wooden keel.
  • the eco-woods are spaced apart from each other and are kept at a predetermined distance from the E-plate to form an air-to-air layer for air circulation.
  • the outer skin ecological wood is used as a kind of integral sunshade component to cover most of the direct sunlight, thereby reducing the surface temperature of the outer wall, reducing the heat entering the building, reducing the air conditioning refrigeration load in summer, and saving energy.
  • the outer skin ecological wood can also form a unique appearance, which has certain decorative and beautifying effects on the building.
  • the door and window 140 is a hollow glass wood-aluminum composite door and window, which has good thermal insulation and energy saving effect.
  • the roof cover 200 has the advantages of light material, high strength, good waterproofness and convenient construction, and includes a metal bottom plate, asbestos, glass wool, a moisture-proof gas barrier layer, a waterproof gas permeable membrane and a surface metal plate from bottom to top.
  • the roof cover 200 not only has good thermal insulation performance, but also has good light reflectivity on the surface metal, which greatly reduces the heat input from the roof and greatly improves the energy saving effect.
  • the metal material of the roof cover 200 can also be recycled.
  • a balcony 400 is also disposed on one side of each floor unit 100, and a folding grille door 410 is mounted on the outside of the balcony 400.
  • the folding grid door 410 is made of wood material with good heat insulation, and adopts a sliding rail folding door and a grid design. Different folding doors can be freely adjusted to open and close according to different time periods, seasons or use needs. In the summer, the folding grid door 410 can not only block most of the direct sunlight, reduce the heat entering the room, but also play a certain ventilation effect, further reducing the air conditioning refrigeration load in summer.
  • the folding grid door 410 allows sunlight to enter the room during the winter, meeting the needs of daylighting and direct benefit heating.
  • the frame module 110 and the wall module 120 enclose an active space, which includes a living area A with a higher frequency of use and a service area B with a lower frequency of use, and the service area B is distributed in the living area A and the wall.
  • the living area A includes at least one of a bedroom, a living room, a dining room, and a study room B including at least one of a toilet, a storage room, a staircase, a garage, and a equipment room.
  • the service area B is distributed in a position where the direct sunlight takes a long time.
  • One side of the living area A is a door and window 140 with good insulation performance, and the other three sides are surrounded by the service area B.
  • the service area B has an isolation effect on the living area A, greatly reducing the heat transfer between the living area A and the outside, thereby reducing the temperature change in the living area A, further reducing the dependence on the air conditioning and heating equipment, thereby Further reduce energy consumption.
  • the atrium 300 is located between the living area A and the service area B of each floor unit, and is provided with first and second venting doors 310 and 320 that are openable and closable.
  • the first ventilating door 310 communicates with the service area B and the atrium 300
  • the second venting door 320 communicates with the living area A and the atrium 300.
  • the bottom of the building maintains a certain height between the overhead and the ground, which is conducive to the formation of hot-pressure natural ventilation in the atrium 300, more adaptable to the constantly changing and poor external wind environment, and effectively improve the indoor air quality.
  • the atrium 300 is made of a light transmissive glass material, and the first and second venting doors 310 and 320 are transparent glass doors, so that sunlight can be injected and the air in the atrium 300 is heated to form upper and lower air. The temperature difference allows air to flow out when ventilation is required.
  • the sun shines in, making the atrium 300 a huge "warm room”; at night, the heat stored in the atrium 300 during the day can be radiated to the living area A.
  • the first and second ventilating doors 310 and 320 on the atrium 300 are opened, and the heat of the service area B and the living area A are discharged together, so that the building can be cooled at night, the use of the air conditioner is reduced, and electric energy is saved.
  • the invention also provides a method for constructing a modular passive energy-saving building.
  • the building is a single-story building, the following steps are included:
  • the steel member, the wall module 120, the door and window 140, the floor panel 130, the atrium 300, the balcony 400, the folding grid door 410, and the roof cover 200 for constructing the frame module 110 are completed in the factory;
  • the steel component is built into the frame module 110, and the wall module 120 and the floor bottom 130 are respectively mounted on the side and the bottom surface of the frame module 110, and the door and window 140 is installed on the wall module 120, and then the atrium 300 is set up. And the balcony 400, and the folding grid door 410 is installed, and finally the roof cover 200 is laid, that is, the construction of the building is completed.
  • the invention also provides a method for constructing a modular passive energy-saving building.
  • the building is a multi-storey building, the following steps are included:
  • the steel member, the wall module 120, the door and window 140, the floor panel 130, the atrium 300, the balcony 400, the folding grid door 410, and the roof cover 200 for constructing the frame module 110 are completed in the factory;
  • the steel component is built into the frame module 110, and the wall module 120 and the floor bottom 130 are respectively mounted on the side and the bottom surface of the frame module 110, and the door and window 140 is installed on the wall module 120, and then the atrium 300 is set up.
  • the balcony 400, and the folding grid door 410 is installed, and finally the roof cover 200 is laid, that is, the construction of the first floor unit 100 of the above building is completed;
  • step C the second to Nth floor units are sequentially built above the first floor unit 100;
  • the above-mentioned modular passive energy-saving building improves the industrialization degree of the building through modular construction, shortens the construction period; effectively controls construction waste and construction dust during the construction process, saves energy and protects the environment; adopts the wall module 120 with heat insulation function and good heat preservation performance
  • the door and window 140 can greatly reduce the heat transfer between the building and the outside world, and reduce the dependence on the air conditioner and the heating device; adopting the folding grid door 410 having the ventilation and heat dissipation function and the ventilated atrium 300 can enhance the heat dissipation function of the building and reduce the pair.
  • the use of air conditioners saves energy and thus achieves the goal of passive energy conservation and environmental protection.

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Abstract

一种模块化被动式节能建筑，包括至少一个楼层单元（100）、一块屋顶盖（200）以及用于空气流通的中庭（300），屋顶盖（200）覆盖在最上一层楼层单元（100）的顶部，中庭（300）贯通每一楼层单元（100）和屋顶盖（200）与外部环境相连通，楼层单元（100）包括便于安装的钢结构框架模块（110）、具有隔热功能的墙体模块（120）、楼底板（130）以及保温性能好的门窗（140）。同时还提供了一种模块化被动式节能建筑的建造方法。该模块化建筑具有建设周期短、环保节能的优点。

Description

一种模块化被动式节能建筑及其建造方法 技术领域
本发明属于建筑领域，尤其涉及一种模块化被动式节能建筑及其建造方法。
背景技术
现代社会，建筑逐渐成为资源与能源消耗的巨大载体之一。根据国家改革与发展委员会能源研究所统计，我国城镇中与建筑相关的能耗高达40%。同时某些发达国家的建筑能耗更达到社会总能耗的40%-50%，其中建筑使用过程能耗占了建筑总能耗的50-55%。随着我国城市化发展的进程日益提高，建设量还将不断增加。因此，建筑节能成为一个亟待研究与解决的问题。
既有建筑的节能改造是我国推进节能减排的重要内容和举措，主要是指针对建筑中的围护结构、空调、采暖、通风、照明、供配电以及热水供应等能耗系统进行的节能综合改造，但对节能手段的系统效益重视不足。早在2003年，我国就已经制定出台了《夏热冬暖地区居住建筑节能设计标准》，其中具体建筑和建筑热工节能设计手段集中在单体住宅的朝向、体形系数、窗墙面积比、居住建筑屋顶和外墙的传热系数和热惰性指标、外窗的传热系数和综合遮阳系数等规定性指标上，而对于宏观层面的节能规划只有一句“住区的总体规划和居住建筑的平面、立面设计应有利于自然通风”，这显然有悖于居住建筑节能工程的系统性。毕竟住宅建筑存在于具体的城市、社区环境中，外部环境是其单体节能手段开展的背景，城市热岛、风影等不利因素会影响到节能构造与设施的节能效果。因而，应重视居住环境各个空间尺度以及各影响因素的综合集成。
技术手段的进步使得建筑设计对自然环境与气候特点的考虑逐渐减弱。现代建筑过多地采用人工手段获得舒适的室内环境、例如使用空调和暖气等，很少像传统建筑采用被动式设计方法来那样充分利用有限的自然资源条件。
 技术问题
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种模块化被动式节能建筑及其建造方法，旨在解决建筑在建设过程中以及使用过程中能耗大的问题。
 技术解决方案
本发明是这样实现的提供一种模块化被动式节能建筑，包括至少一个楼层单元和一块屋顶盖以及用于空气流通的中庭，所述屋顶盖覆盖在最上一层所述楼层单元的顶部，所述中庭贯通每一所述楼层单元和所述屋顶盖与外部环境相连通，所述楼层单元包括便于安装的钢结构框架模块、具有隔热功能的墙体模块、楼底板以及保温性能好的门窗，所述墙体模块和所述楼底板分别设置在所述框架模块的侧面和底面，所述门窗设置在所述墙体模块上。
进一步地，所述框架模块与所述墙体模块围成活动空间，所述活动空间包括使用频率较高的起居区以及使用频率较低的服务区，所述服务区分布在所述起居区与所述墙体模块之间。
进一步地，所述被动式节能建筑与地面保持一定高度，所述中庭位于每一所述楼层单元的所述起居区与所述服务区之间，其上开设有可开合的第一、第二通风门，所述第一通风门连通所述服务区与所述中庭，所述第二通风门连通所述起居区与所述中庭。
进一步地，所述起居区包括卧室、客厅、餐厅以及书房中的至少一个，所述服务区包括卫生间、储藏室、楼梯、车库以及设备间中的至少一个。
进一步地，每一所述楼层单元的一侧还设置有阳台，所述阳台外侧安装有折叠栅格门，所述折叠栅格门由隔热性好的木质材料制成。
进一步地，所述墙体模块包括外墙体和安装在所述外墙表面的双层表皮结构，所述双层表皮结构包括埃特板、截面为“日”字形生态木以及木龙骨，所述埃特板作为内表皮并固定连接在所述外墙体上，所述生态木作为外表皮通过所述木龙骨与所述埃特板固定连接在一起，所述生态木之间相互间隔，且与所述埃特板之间保留预定距离，形成便于空气流通的间层。
进一步地，所述门窗为保温性能好的中空玻璃木铝复合门窗。
进一步地，所述屋顶盖从下到上依次包括金属底板、石棉、玻璃棉、防潮隔气层、防水透气膜以及表面金属板。
本发明还提供了一种模块化被动式节能建筑的建造方法，所述建筑为单层建筑，包括以下的步骤：
A、在工厂内完成用于搭建框架模块的钢构件、墙体模块、门窗、楼底板、中庭以及屋顶盖制作；
B、将上述步骤A中制作好的部件运输至施工现场；
C、根据设计方案将钢构件搭建成框架模块，将墙体模块和楼底板分别安装在框架模块的侧面和底面上，将门窗安装在墙体模块上，然后搭建中庭，最后铺设屋顶盖，即完成所述建筑的建造。
本发明还提供了一种模块化被动式节能建筑的建造方法，所述建筑为多层建筑，包括以下的步骤：
A、在工厂内完成用于搭建框架模块的钢构件、墙体模块、门窗、楼底板、中庭以及屋顶盖制作；
B、将上述步骤A中制作好的部件运输至施工现场；
C、根据设计方案将钢构件搭建成框架模块，将墙体模块和楼底板分别安装在框架模块的侧面和底面上，将门窗安装在墙体模块上，然后搭建中庭；
D、按照上述步骤C的方法，将第二个至第N个楼层单元依次搭建于所述第一个楼层单元的上方；
E、最后，于最上方的楼层单元上方铺设屋顶盖，即完成所述建筑的建造。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的一种模块化被动式节能建筑，通过模块化建造提高建筑的产业化程度，缩短建设周期；建筑过程中有效控制施工垃圾及建筑粉尘，节能环保；楼层单元包括便于安装的钢结构框架模块、具有隔热功能的墙体模块、楼底板以及保温性能好的门窗，大大减少建造内与外界的热传递，减少对空调、取暖设备的依赖，减少了能源的消耗；中庭能形成热压式自然通风，更能适应常变和不良的外部风环境，有效改善室内空气品质，并且在夏天，中庭能使建筑在夜间冷却下来，减少对空调的使用，节约了电能，从而达到被动式节能环保的目的。
 附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的模块化被动式节能建筑的分解示意图。
图2是图1中楼层单元的俯视示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示，是本发明的一较佳实施例一种模块化被动式节能建筑，包括至少一个楼层单元100、一块屋顶盖200以及用于空气流通的中庭300。屋顶盖200覆盖在最上一层楼层单元100的顶部，中庭300贯通每一楼层单元100和屋顶盖200与外部环境相连通。
楼层单元100包括便于安装的钢结构框架模块110、具有隔热功能的墙体模块120、楼底板130以及保温性能好的门窗140。墙体模块120和楼底板130分别设置在框架模块110的底面和侧面，门窗140设置在墙体模块120上。
在本实施例中，墙体模块120包括外墙体（图中未标出）和安装在外墙体表面的双层表皮结构121。该双层表皮结构121包括埃特板、截面为“日”字形的生态木以及木龙骨。埃特板作为内表皮通过螺钉固定连接在外墙体上，生态木作为外表皮通过木龙骨与埃特板固定连接在一起。生态木之间相互间隔，且与埃特板之间保留预定距离，从而形成空气间层，便于空气流通。另外，外表皮生态木在一定程度上作为一种整体式遮阳构件，遮挡住大部分太阳直射，从而降低外墙的表面温度，减少进入建筑内的热量，降低夏季空调制冷负荷，节约电能。外表皮生态木还能形成独特的外观，对建筑具有一定装饰美化作用。
门窗140为中空玻璃木铝复合门窗，具有良好的保温隔热节能效果。屋顶盖200具有材质轻、强度高、防水性好以及施工方便的优点，其从下到上依次包括金属底板、石棉、玻璃棉、防潮隔气层、防水透气膜以及表面金属板。屋顶盖200不仅具有很好的隔热性能，表面金属还具有很好的光反射性，大大减少了从屋顶传入的热量，大大提高节能效益。屋顶盖200的金属材料还可以回收再利用。
每一楼层单元100的一侧还设置有阳台400，阳台400外侧安装有折叠栅格门410。折叠栅格门410由隔热性好的木质材料制成，采用滑轨折叠门配合格栅设计，不同的折叠门可以根据不同的时段、季节或者使用需要自由调节开闭。在夏季，折叠栅格门410不仅可以遮挡大部分太阳光直射，减少进入室内的热量，还能起到一定的通风作用，进一步降低夏季空调制冷负荷。折叠栅格门410在冬季则可以让阳光透入室内，满足采光和直接受益式采暖的需求。
如图2所示，框架模块110与墙体模块120围成活动空间，活动空间包括使用频率较高的起居区A以及使用频率较低的服务区B，服务区B分布在起居区A与墙体模块120之间。起居区A包括卧室、客厅、餐厅以及书房中的至少一个，服务区B包括卫生间、储藏室、楼梯、车库以及设备间中的至少一个。服务区B分布在太阳直射时间比较长的位置。起居区A的一侧为保温性能好的门窗140，另外三侧被服务区B包围。在保证采光的基础上，服务区B对起居区A有隔离作用，大大减少起居区A与外界的热传递，进而减少起居区A内温度的变化，进一步减少对空调、取暖设备的依赖，从而进一步减少能源的消耗。
中庭300位于每一楼层单元的起居区A与服务区B之间，其上开设有可开合的第一、第二通风门310、320。第一通风门310连通服务区B与中庭300，第二通风门320连通起居区A与中庭300。该建筑底部架空与地面保持一定高度，有利于中庭300形成热压式自然通风，更能适应常变和不良的外部风环境，有效改善室内空气品质。此外，中庭300采用透光性好的玻璃材料，第一、第二通风门310、320为透明玻璃门，这样能让太阳光射入，并加热中庭300内的空气，使上、下空气形成温差，在需要通风时可使空气流出。冬天，阳光直射进来，使中庭300成为一个巨大的“暖房”；到了夜晚，白天中庭300储存的热量又可以向起居区A辐射。夏天，开启中庭300上的第一、第二通风门310、320，将服务区B以及起居区A的热量一并排出，使建筑在夜间能冷却下来，减少对空调的使用，节约了电能。
本发明还提供了一种模块化被动式节能建筑的建造方法，当该建筑为单层建筑时，包括以下的步骤：
A、在工厂内完成用于搭建框架模块110的钢构件、墙体模块120、门窗140、楼底板130、中庭300、阳台400、折叠栅格门410以及屋顶盖200等部件的制作；
B、将上述步骤A中制作好的部件运输至施工现场；
C、根据设计方案将钢构件搭建成框架模块110，将墙体模块120和楼底板130分别安装在框架模块110的侧面和底面上，将门窗140安装在墙体模块120上，然后搭建中庭300和阳台400，并安装折叠栅格门410，最后铺设屋顶盖200，即完成该建筑的建造。
本发明还提供了一种模块化被动式节能建筑的建造方法，当该建筑为多层建筑时，包括以下的步骤：
A、在工厂内完成用于搭建框架模块110的钢构件、墙体模块120、门窗140、楼底板130、中庭300、阳台400、折叠栅格门410以及屋顶盖200等部件的制作；
B、将上述步骤A中制作好的部件运输至施工现场；
C、根据设计方案将钢构件搭建成框架模块110，将墙体模块120和楼底板130分别安装在框架模块110的侧面和底面上，将门窗140安装在墙体模块120上，然后搭建中庭300和阳台400，并安装折叠栅格门410，最后铺设屋顶盖200，即完成上述建筑的第一个楼层单元100的建造；
D、按照上述步骤C的方法，将第二个至第N个楼层单元依次搭建在上述第一个楼层单元100的上方；
E、最后，在最上方的楼层单元上方铺设屋顶盖200。
上述模块化被动式节能建筑通过模块化建造提高建筑的产业化程度，缩短建设周期；建筑过程中有效控制施工垃圾及建筑粉尘，节能环保；采用具有隔热功能的墙体模块120和保温性能好的门窗140，可大大减少建筑内与外界的热传递，减少对空调、取暖设备的依赖；采用具有通风散热功能的折叠栅格门410和通风性好的中庭300能增强建筑的散热功能，减少对空调的使用，节约了电能，从而达到被动式节能环保的目的。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种模块化被动式节能建筑，其特征在于，包括至少一个楼层单元、一块屋顶盖以及用于空气流通的中庭，所述屋顶盖覆盖在最上一层所述楼层单元的顶部，所述中庭贯通每一所述楼层单元和所述屋顶盖与外部环境相连通，所述楼层单元包括便于安装的钢结构框架模块、具有隔热功能的墙体模块、楼底板以及保温性能好的门窗，所述墙体模块和所述楼底板分别设置在所述框架模块的侧面和底面，所述门窗设置在所述墙体模块上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的被动式节能建筑，其特征在于，所述框架模块与所述墙体模块围成活动空间，所述活动空间包括使用频率较高的起居区以及使用频率较低的服务区，所述服务区分布在所述起居区与所述墙体模块之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的被动式节能建筑，其特征在于，所述被动式节能建筑与地面保持一定高度，所述中庭位于每一所述楼层单元的所述起居区与所述服务区之间，其上开设有可开合的第一、第二通风门，所述第一通风门连通所述服务区与所述中庭，所述第二通风门连通所述起居区与所述中庭。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的被动式节能建筑，其特征在于，所述起居区包括卧室、客厅、餐厅以及书房中的至少一个，所述服务区包括卫生间、储藏室、楼梯、车库以及设备间中的至少一个。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的被动式节能建筑，其特征在于，每一所述楼层单元的一侧还设置有阳台，所述阳台外侧安装有折叠栅格门，所述折叠栅格门由隔热性好的木质材料制成。
  6. 根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的被动式节能建筑，其特征在于，所述墙体模块包括外墙体和安装在所述外墙体表面的双层表皮结构，所述双层表皮结构包括埃特板、截面为“日”字形生态木以及木龙骨，所述埃特板作为内表皮固定连接在所述外墙体上，所述生态木作为外表皮通过所述木龙骨与所述埃特板固定连接在一起，所述生态木之间相互间隔，且与所述埃特板之间保留预定距离，形成便于空气流通的间层。
  7. 根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的被动式节能建筑，其特征在于，所述门窗为保温性能好的中空玻璃木铝复合门窗。
  8. 根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的被动式节能建筑，其特征在于，所述屋顶盖从下到上依次包括金属底板、石棉、玻璃棉、防潮隔气层、防水透气膜以及表面金属板。
  9. 一种如权利要求1所述的模块化被动式节能建筑的建造方法，所述建筑为单层建筑，包括以下的步骤：
    A、在工厂内完成用于搭建框架模块的钢构件、墙体模块、门窗、楼底板、中庭以及屋顶盖制作；
    B、将上述步骤A中制作好的部件运输至施工现场；
    C、根据设计方案将钢构件搭建成框架模块，将墙体模块和楼底板分别安装在框架模块的侧面和底面上，将门窗安装在墙体模块上，然后搭建中庭，最后铺设屋顶盖，即完成所述建筑的建造。
  10. 一种如权利要求1所述的模块化被动式节能建筑的建造方法，所述建筑为多层建筑，包括以下的步骤：
    A、在工厂内完成用于搭建框架模块的钢构件、墙体模块、门窗、楼底板、中庭以及屋顶盖制作；
    B、将上述步骤A中制作好的部件运输至施工现场；
    C、根据设计方案将钢构件搭建成框架模块，将墙体模块和楼底板分别安装在框架模块的侧面和底面上，将门窗安装在墙体模块上，然后搭建中庭；
    D、按照上述步骤C的方法，将第二个至第N个楼层单元依次搭建于所述第一个楼层单元的上方；
    E、最后，于最上方的楼层单元上方铺设屋顶盖，即完成所述建筑的建造。
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