WO2017140080A1 - 基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法及装置 - Google Patents

基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017140080A1
WO2017140080A1 PCT/CN2016/088723 CN2016088723W WO2017140080A1 WO 2017140080 A1 WO2017140080 A1 WO 2017140080A1 CN 2016088723 W CN2016088723 W CN 2016088723W WO 2017140080 A1 WO2017140080 A1 WO 2017140080A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
address
network protocol
access control
media access
protocol address
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PCT/CN2016/088723
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖荣权
Original Assignee
乐视控股（北京）有限公司
乐视致新电子科技（天津）有限公司
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Application filed by 乐视控股（北京）有限公司, 乐视致新电子科技（天津）有限公司 filed Critical 乐视控股（北京）有限公司
Priority to US15/249,699 priority Critical patent/US20170237704A1/en
Publication of WO2017140080A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017140080A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2101/00—Indexing scheme associated with group H04L61/00
    • H04L2101/60—Types of network addresses
    • H04L2101/618—Details of network addresses
    • H04L2101/622—Layer-2 addresses, e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/30—Managing network names, e.g. use of aliases or nicknames
    • H04L61/3005—Mechanisms for avoiding name conflicts

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of smart home interconnection technologies, and in particular relates to an address communication method and device based on a media access control address.
  • each physical device such as indoor unit, door machine, monitor, etc.
  • UID unique identifier
  • This UID is generally composed of a combination of letters and numbers. Normally, it is fixed after the device is initialized and cannot be modified or modified. Also ensure that this UID has device uniqueness, and there are no two devices with the same UID value. And can use this UID to map or derive the basic information needed for network communication, such as Internet Protocol Address (IP, Internet) Protocol Address), in order to achieve the ultimate information exchange purpose, otherwise this UID has no practical significance.
  • IP Internet Protocol Address
  • the existing scheme sets the UID to static binding based on the IP address, that is, the IP address and the UID form a one-to-one correspondence, and other cases where the non-IP address is converted through the local or server database, and finally the IP address is also converted into IP.
  • the address can be regarded as the same situation in which the UID is statically bound to the IP address.
  • the IP address of the device is required to be fixed. If the IP address is set manually, the installation and debugging work is very large for a large number of devices, and it is difficult to ensure that duplicate IP addresses will not be generated, resulting in duplicate IP devices failing to work properly;
  • the assigned IP address needs to be configured on the IP address allocation server to add media access control (MAC, Media Access Control) Assignment binding of address to IP address. Due to the inconsistency of server IP distribution software or limited support, the whole system is difficult to integrate completely and effectively.
  • the mobile device moves to another physical location across the network segment and has to modify the device IP for device debugging, it needs to modify the configuration of the background database and the server IP distribution software to perform normal network communication. The process is very cumbersome.
  • the present invention provides an address communication method and apparatus based on a media access control address, which is configured to bind a MAC address of a device and a UID, and find a corresponding IP address based on a MAC address of the device, and according to the IP address.
  • Address communication can simplify the configuration and maintenance of UIDs, reduce the cost of configuration and maintenance, and reduce the risk of system failures without affecting communication.
  • the invention provides an addressing communication method based on a media access control address, including:
  • the first device receives the binding instruction, and sets a unique identifier of the first device according to the media access control address of the first device according to the binding instruction;
  • the second device When the second device is configured to query the query request of the network protocol address, determine whether the media access control address of the first device is the media access control address of the device to be queried included in the query request;
  • the present invention provides an address communication device based on a media access control address, including:
  • a receiving module configured to receive a binding instruction
  • a setting module configured to set, according to the binding instruction, a unique identifier of the first device according to a media access control address of the first device
  • a saving module configured to save an association relationship between each description information of the first device, including the unique identifier
  • a judging module configured to determine, when the second device is used to query a query request of the network protocol address, whether the media access control address of the first device is the media access of the device to be queried included in the query request Control address
  • a sending module configured to send, to the second device, the media access control address of the device to be queried included in the query request, if the determining module determines that the media access control address of the first device is the media access control address of the device to be queried included in the query request a network protocol address of the first device, such that the second device communicates with the first device according to the network protocol address.
  • the method and device for addressing communication based on the media access control address solves the problem that the UID of the device is unique and the MAC address is unchangeable by using the MAC address of the device as the UID.
  • the maintenance cost associated with the IP address associated with the UID of the device is high, the allocation of the IP address is prone to error, and the system is prone to failure, and the query request for querying the IP address sent by other devices is intercepted. Return the IP address of the device so that normal communication can be maintained between the devices. This improves the configuration and maintenance of the device UID, reduces the cost of configuration and maintenance, and reduces the system. The risk of failure.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a smart home video intercom control system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of an implementation process of an address access control method based on a media access control address according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an association relationship between description information of a first device in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of an implementation process of an address access control method based on a media access control address according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a corresponding relationship diagram between a MAC address and an IP address of each device cached in a local database of the first device in the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a communication structure between a first device, a second device, and a server in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a media access control address-based addressing communication apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a media access control address-based addressing communication apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the smart home video intercom control system, the system includes:
  • the door keeper 11 installed in the guard room of the residential quarters, the property machine 12 installed in the residential property management office, and the indoor unit 13 installed in each home of the residential building are installed in the door machine 14 outside the residential building It is installed in the main server 15 of the equipment room, and the above devices are connected through a network, and the network may be a local area network or an internet, and each device can communicate through the network.
  • At least the indoor unit 13 and the door machine 14 can perform video intercom through the screen, and perform the next operation, such as opening the unit door corresponding to the door machine 14, and opening the corresponding household door of the indoor unit 13.
  • the household cannot forget to open the door or the unit door due to the forgotten key and no one in the house, or because of the mechanical failure of the indoor unit 13, the door machine 14, the door of the door or the unit door, call and connect the door guard 11
  • the property machine 12, the doorguard 11 or the property machine 12 can also perform visual intercom with the indoor unit 13 and the door machine 14 through the screen to help the residents open the corresponding door.
  • the main server 15 is configured to store user data, including user photos, specific residential addresses, and the like.
  • the door guard 11, the property machine 12, the indoor unit 13, and the door machine 14 shown in FIG. 1 are the first device and the second device described in the embodiments of the present invention, and they may be fixed.
  • the device may also be a mobile device.
  • the door guard 11 may be a device fixed in the guard room or a handheld device of the door guard, so that the door guard can use the handheld device to perform other devices when moving within a certain range. Communication.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of an implementation process of a media access control address-based addressing communication method according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which can be applied to each device shown in FIG.
  • the first device receives the binding instruction, and sets a unique identifier of the first device according to the media access control address of the first device according to the binding instruction.
  • the first device may be any one of the door guard 11, the property machine 12, the indoor unit 13, and the door machine 14 of FIG.
  • the unique identifier UID is first set for the first device. Setting a person to input a binding instruction, the first device receives the binding instruction, and according to the binding instruction, setting a UID of the first device according to the MAC address of the first device itself, and associating the UID with the MAC address, so that The UID becomes the unique identifier of the first device.
  • the description information is information describing the attributes of the first device
  • the description information may be UID information of the first device, It may be the number information used to indicate the physical location of the first device, and may be the specific address information of the first device, and the address information may be specific to the room number where the first device is located.
  • the association relationship refers to the correspondence between the UID, the number, and the address information of the first device.
  • the association relationship may be saved in the first device in the form of an association diagram, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the association diagram does not need to be modified regardless of whether the IP address of the first device adopts a custom IP setting or an automatic IP setting. If the manner in which the first device obtains the IP address is set to automatically obtain the IP address, when the first device moves from one physical network to another, the configuration information is not modified, and the installation of the device is simplified. , use and maintenance.
  • the device To communicate with other devices, the device needs to know the IP address of the peer device. Therefore, you need to send an IP address query request to the peer device.
  • a background service is run on each device, the background service is used to listen for query requests from IP addresses of designated ports (such as port 10010).
  • the second device sends a query request for querying the IP address, where the query request carries the MAC address of the device to be queried, and the device to be queried is the peer device to be communicated by the second device.
  • the first device detects the query request of the second device for querying the IP address, it determines whether the MAC address of the first device itself is the MAC address in the query request.
  • the second device may be any one of the door guard 11, the property machine 12, the indoor unit 13, and the door machine 14 of FIG. 1, and is communicable with the first device.
  • the IP address of the first device is sent to the second device, so that the second device can be configured according to the first device.
  • the transmitted IP address communicates with the first device.
  • the first device determines that the MAC address of the first device is not the MAC address of the device to be queried, it does not process, but continues to listen on the port until the next query request for the IP address is queried.
  • the MAC address of the device is used as the UID, so that the UID of the device is unique and the MAC address is unchangeable, which solves the high maintenance cost associated with the UID associated with the device in the prior art.
  • the IP address is easy to make mistakes, and the system is prone to failure.
  • the devices can maintain normal communication. On the basis of normal communication, the related operations of configuring and maintaining the UID of the device can be simplified, the cost of configuration and maintenance can be reduced, and the risk of system failure can be reduced.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of an implementation process of a media access control address-based addressing communication method according to a second embodiment of the present invention, which can be applied to each device shown in FIG.
  • the first device receives the binding instruction, and according to the binding instruction, the 12 hexadecimal numbers in the media access control address of the first device are in the order of the media access control address of the first device. Splice into a 12-bit string and use that string as the unique identifier for the first device.
  • the first device may be any one of the door guard 11, the property machine 12, the indoor unit 13, and the door machine 14 of FIG.
  • the unique identifier UID is first set for the first device.
  • the setting person inputs the binding instruction, and the first device receives the binding instruction, and according to the binding instruction, sets the UID of the first device according to the MAC address of the first device itself.
  • the MAC address of the device is the address of the network card produced by the manufacturer, and the MAC address of each device is unique.
  • the MAC address defines the network connection between the computers and is recorded on the hardware circuit on the network interface card.
  • the MAC address is usually expressed as 12 hexadecimal numbers.
  • the MAC address of the first device is 00:10:23:48:7F:6B, which is composed of 12 hexadecimal digits "0, 0, 1, 0, 2 , 3, 4, 8, 7, F, 6, B" plus 6 separators ":”.
  • the UID of the first device is set according to the MAC address of the first device itself, specifically, splicing the 12 hexadecimal numbers in the MAC address into a 12-bit string in the order of the MAC address,
  • the string is used as the UID of the first device to ensure the uniqueness of the UID of each device.
  • the MAC address of the first device is 00:10:23:48:7F:6B
  • the UID of the first device is "001023487F6B".
  • the description information is information describing the attributes of the first device
  • the description information may be UID information of the first device, It may be the number information used to indicate the physical location of the first device, and may be the specific address information of the first device, and the address information may be specific to the room number where the first device is located.
  • the association relationship refers to the correspondence between the UID, the number, and the address information of the first device.
  • the second device may be any one of the door guard 11, the property machine 12, the indoor unit 13, and the door machine 14 of FIG. 1, and is communicable with the first device.
  • the second device sends a query request for querying the IP address, where the query request carries the MAC address of the device to be queried, and the device to be queried is the peer device to be communicated by the second device.
  • the first device detects the query request of the second device for querying the IP address, it determines whether the MAC address of the first device itself is the MAC address in the query request.
  • the IP address of the first device is sent to the second device, so that the second device can be configured according to the first device.
  • the transmitted IP address communicates with the first device.
  • the first device determines that the MAC address of the first device is not the MAC address of the device to be queried, it does not process, but continues to listen on the port until the next query request for the IP address is queried.
  • the query of the IP address of the target device is initiated.
  • mapping table of MAC addresses and IP addresses of each device is cached in a local database of the first device, and a last update time of the IP address is recorded in the relationship map.
  • the format of the relationship map is as follows:
  • an aging period is set for the IP address in the relationship map, and the aging period is used to indicate a valid duration of the correspondence between the MAC address and the IP address in the relationship map, for example, 5 seconds.
  • the IP address in the relationship map is directly used before the IP address is aged, and the IP address query request is not sent to other devices. After the IP address is aged, the IP address may be invalid relative to its corresponding MAC address.
  • the IP address of the MAC address needs to be re-acquired before the IP address query request is initiated to other devices, which saves time and reduces network traffic usage.
  • the user datagram protocol (UDP, User Datagram) is used.
  • the multicast mode sends a request for querying an IP address to a plurality of other devices, where the request includes the MAC address of the target device to be queried.
  • UDP multicast can include UDP multicast or UDP broadcast.
  • the MAC address of the other device is saved on each device.
  • the target device detects the request, it determines whether the MAC address in the request is the MAC address of the target device, and if so, returns the IP address of the target device, and if not, does not process.
  • the query is performed on the mapping between the MAC address and the IP address of each device that is pre-cached. There is a target IP address corresponding to the MAC address of the target device. If there is no destination IP address corresponding to the MAC address of the target device, the UDP multicast method is used to send a request for querying the IP address to multiple other devices. If the target IP address exists, it is determined whether the current update time of the relationship time map is greater than the preset aging period of the target IP address in the relationship map.
  • the mapping between the MAC address and the IP address in the relationship map is invalid. Then, the UDP multicast method is used to send a request for querying the IP address to multiple other devices, and the target device is received. The IP address of the reply is updated, and the IP address replied by the target device is updated to an IP address corresponding to the MAC address of the target device in the relationship map, and the IP address is used to communicate with the target device. If the aging period is not greater, the IP address corresponding to the MAC address of the target device is obtained in the relationship map, and the target device is communicated according to the obtained IP address.
  • the first device and the second device are both linux systems.
  • the first device 41, the second device 42, and the server 43 are connected by wireless or wired, wherein the server 43 is provided with The Client/Server (C/S) service module and the local database, the C/S structure has the advantage of being able to fully utilize the processing capabilities of the client device.
  • the first device 41 and the second device 42 are both provided with a P2P service module, a client (client) module and a local database, and a P2P service module.
  • the IP address of the second device 42 needs to be known.
  • the first device 41 queries the MAC address of the second device 42 from its local database, and first checks the cache in the local database.
  • the IP address query request is initiated by multicast, or in the corresponding relationship column diagram. There is no such IP address in the IP address, and the query request is initiated by the multicast.
  • the query request is sent in the form of a data packet, and the query request includes the MAC address of the second device 42. All devices in the device will receive the query request.
  • the P2P service module in the first device 41 and the second device 42 will listen to a pre-designated UDP port at a multicast address, which may be, for example, a multicast address of 239.0.0.1 or a broadcast address of 255.255.255.255.
  • the UDP port is, for example, 10010.
  • a multicast address you need to call the network subsystem to join the multicast group.
  • the broadcast address you need to enable the broadcast receiving and sending characteristics of the network card.
  • the second device 42 After receiving the query request, the second device 42 checks whether the MAC address requested in the data packet is the same as the MAC address of the second device 42. If the same, the IP address of the second device 42 is returned in the form of a response packet.
  • the first device 41 the other device that receives the query request checks that the MAC address in the data packet does not match its own MAC address, and does not respond. After receiving the IP address response packet of the second device 42, the first device 41 parses out the IP address of the second device 42, uses the IP address to communicate with the second device 42, and adds or updates the IP address to In the corresponding relationship diagram of the first device 41, when there is no IP address corresponding to the MAC address of the second device 42 in the corresponding relationship column, the IP address is added to the corresponding relationship map by using a new entry. When there is an IP address corresponding to the MAC address of the second device 42 in the corresponding relationship map, the IP address is updated to be added to the corresponding entry in the correspondence diagram.
  • the MAC address of the device is used as the UID, so that the UID of the device is unique and the MAC address is unchangeable, which solves the high maintenance cost associated with the UID associated with the device in the prior art.
  • the IP address is easy to make mistakes, and the system is prone to failure.
  • the devices can maintain normal communication. On the basis of normal communication, the related operations of configuring and maintaining the UID of the device can be simplified, the cost of configuration and maintenance can be reduced, and the risk of system failure can be reduced.
  • an aging period is set for the relationship map, and after the relationship map is aged, the IP address query request is initiated to obtain a new IP address, which saves time and reduces network traffic occupation.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a media access control address-based addressing communication apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the media access control address-based addressing communication device illustrated in FIG. 7 may be an execution body of the media access control address-based addressing communication method provided by the foregoing embodiments shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, such as a first device or a first device.
  • the media access control address-based addressing communication device illustrated in FIG. 7 mainly includes: a receiving module 501, a setting module 502, a saving module 503, a determining module 504, and a sending module 505.
  • the above functional modules are described in detail as follows:
  • the receiving module 501 is configured to receive a binding instruction.
  • the setting module 502 is configured to set, according to the binding instruction, a unique identifier of the first device according to the media access control address of the first device.
  • the first device receives a binding instruction input by the setting personnel, and according to the binding instruction, sets a UID of the first device according to the MAC address of the first device itself, and associates the UID with the MAC address, so that the UID becomes the first The unique identifier of the device.
  • the saving module 503 is configured to save an association relationship between the description information including the unique identifier of the first device.
  • the association relationship refers to the correspondence between the UID, the number, and the address information of the first device.
  • the description information is used to describe the attributes of the first device.
  • the description information may be the UID information of the first device, or the number information used to indicate the physical location of the first device, or may be The address information of the first device may be specific to the room number where the first device is located.
  • the association relationship may be saved in the first device in the form of an association graph, and the format of the association graph is as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the association diagram does not need to be modified regardless of whether the IP address of the first device adopts a custom IP setting or an automatic IP setting. If the manner in which the first device obtains the IP address is set to automatically obtain the IP address, when the first device moves from one physical network to another, the configuration information is not modified, and the installation of the device is simplified. , use and maintenance.
  • the determining module 504 is configured to determine, when the second device is used to query the query request of the network protocol address, whether the media access control address of the first device is the media access control of the device to be queried included in the query request. address.
  • a device needs to know the IP address of the peer device to communicate with other devices. Therefore, it needs to send an IP address query request to the peer device.
  • a background service is run on each device, and the background service is used to listen for a query request from an IP address of the specified port.
  • the second device sends a query request for querying the IP address, where the query request carries the MAC address of the device to be queried, and the device to be queried is the peer device to be communicated by the second device.
  • the first device detects the query request of the second device for querying the IP address, it determines whether the MAC address of the first device itself is the MAC address in the query request.
  • the sending module 505 is configured to: if the determining module 504 determines that the media access control address of the first device is the media access control address of the device to be queried included in the query request, send the first device to the second device a network protocol address such that the second device communicates with the first device in accordance with the network protocol address.
  • the IP address of the first device is sent to the second device, so that the second device can be configured according to the first device.
  • the transmitted IP address communicates with the first device.
  • the first device determines that the MAC address of the first device is not the MAC address of the device to be queried, it does not process, but continues to listen on the port until the next query request for the IP address is queried.
  • each functional module is merely an example, and the actual application may be configured according to requirements, such as corresponding hardware configuration requirements or software.
  • the above function assignment is performed by different functional modules, that is, the internal structure of the address communication device based on the media access control address is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.
  • the corresponding functional modules in this embodiment may be implemented by corresponding hardware, or may be executed by corresponding hardware to execute corresponding software. The above description principles may be applied to various embodiments provided in this specification, and are not described herein again.
  • the MAC address of the device is used as the UID, so that the UID of the device is unique and the MAC address is unchangeable, which solves the high maintenance cost associated with the UID associated with the device in the prior art.
  • the IP address is easy to make mistakes, and the system is prone to failure.
  • the devices can maintain normal communication. On the basis of normal communication, the related operations of configuring and maintaining the UID of the device can be simplified, the cost of configuration and maintenance can be reduced, and the risk of system failure can be reduced.
  • FIG. 8 a schematic structural diagram of a media access control address-based addressing communication apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • the media access control address based addressing communication device illustrated in FIG. 8 may be an execution body of the media access control address based addressing communication method provided by the foregoing embodiments shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, such as a first device or a second device. A module in the middle.
  • the above functional modules are described in detail as follows:
  • the receiving module 601 is configured to receive a binding instruction.
  • the setting module 602 is configured to set, according to the binding instruction, a unique identifier of the first device according to the media access control address of the first device.
  • the setting module 602 is further configured to splicing the 12 hexadecimal numbers in the media access control address of the first device into 12-bit strings according to the order in the media access control address of the first device. And use the string as a unique identifier for the first device to ensure the uniqueness of the UID of each device. For example, if the MAC address of the first device is 00:10:23:48:7F:6B, the UID of the first device is "001023487F6B".
  • the saving module 603 is configured to save an association relationship between the description information including the unique identifier of the first device.
  • the description information is used to describe the attributes of the first device.
  • the description information may be the UID information of the first device, or the number information used to indicate the physical location of the first device, or may be The address information of the first device may be specific to the room number where the first device is located.
  • the association relationship refers to the correspondence between the UID, the number, and the address information of the first device.
  • the determining module 604 is configured to determine, when the second device is used to query the query request of the network protocol address, whether the media access control address of the first device is the media access control of the device to be queried included in the query request. address.
  • the sending module 605 is configured to: if the determining module 604 determines that the media access control address of the first device is the media access control address of the device to be queried included in the query request, send the first device to the second device a network protocol address such that the second device communicates with the first device in accordance with the network protocol address.
  • the first device determines that the MAC address of the first device is not the MAC address of the device to be queried, it does not process, but continues to listen on the port until the next query request for the IP address is queried.
  • the sending module 605 is further configured to send, by using a user datagram protocol multicast, a request for querying a network protocol address, where the request includes the media of the target device to be queried, when the communication with the target device is required. Access control address.
  • the query of the IP address of the target device may be initiated.
  • the device may further comprise:
  • the communication module 606 is configured to receive a network protocol address replied by the target device, and communicate with the target device by using the network protocol address.
  • the saving module 603 is further configured to cache a mapping diagram of the media access control address and the network protocol address correspondence relationship of each device.
  • the setting module 602 is further configured to set an aging period for the network protocol address in the relationship map, where the aging period is used to indicate a valid duration of the correspondence between the media access control address and the network protocol address in the relationship map.
  • the last update time of the IP address is also recorded in the relationship map.
  • An aging period is set for the entry of the IP address in the relationship map.
  • the aging period is used to indicate the effective duration of the correspondence between the MAC address and the IP address in the relationship map, for example, 5 seconds.
  • the IP address in the relationship map is directly used before the IP address is aged, and the IP address query request is not sent to other devices. After the IP address is aged, the IP address may be invalid relative to its corresponding MAC address.
  • the IP address of the MAC address needs to be re-acquired before the IP address query request is initiated to other devices, which saves time and reduces network traffic usage.
  • the device may further comprise:
  • the querying module 607 is configured to query whether a network protocol address corresponding to the media access control address of the target device exists in the media access control address and the network protocol address correspondence relationship of each device that is pre-cached.
  • the sending module 605 is further configured to: if the target network protocol address does not exist, send a request for querying a network protocol address to multiple other devices by using a user datagram protocol multicast.
  • UDP multicast can include UDP multicast or UDP broadcast.
  • the MAC address of the other device is saved on each device.
  • the IP address corresponding to the MAC address needs to be queried, and the query request is sent to multiple other devices, the MAC address of the device to be queried is carried in the request, so that the target device to be queried is performed.
  • the request is heard, it is determined whether the MAC address in the request is the MAC address of the target device, and if so, the IP address of the target device is returned, and if not, the processing is not performed.
  • the determining module 604 is further configured to determine, if the target network protocol address exists, whether the last update time of the network protocol address of the target device from the current time is greater than the preset age of the target network protocol address in the relationship map. period.
  • the sending module 605 is further configured to: if the result of the determining by the determining module 604 is that the last update time of the network protocol address of the target device is greater than the aging period, the method of multicasting by using the user datagram protocol is Other devices send a request to query the network protocol address.
  • the device also includes:
  • the obtaining module 608 is configured to: if the result of the determining by the determining module 604 is that the last update time of the network protocol address of the target device is not greater than the aging period, obtain the media access of the target device in the relationship map. Controls the network protocol address corresponding to the address.
  • the update module 609 is configured to update the network protocol address replied by the target device to a network protocol address corresponding to the media access control address of the target device in the relationship map.
  • the MAC address of the device is used as the UID, so that the UID of the device is unique and the MAC address is unchangeable, which solves the high maintenance cost associated with the UID associated with the device in the prior art.
  • the IP address is easy to make mistakes, and the system is prone to failure.
  • the devices can maintain normal communication. On the basis of normal communication, the related operations of configuring and maintaining the UID of the device can be simplified, the cost of configuration and maintenance can be reduced, and the risk of system failure can be reduced.
  • an aging period is set for the relationship map, and after the relationship map is aged, the IP address query request is initiated to obtain a new IP address, which saves time and reduces network traffic occupation.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an address communication device based on a media access control address, where the device includes:
  • One or more processors are One or more processors;
  • One or more programs the one or more programs being stored in the memory, when executed by the one or more processors:
  • the first device receives the binding instruction, and sets a unique identifier of the first device according to the media access control address of the first device according to the binding instruction; and saves the unique identifier of the first device Determining, by the second device, a query request for querying a network protocol address, determining whether the media access control address of the first device is in the query request a media access control address of the device to be queried; if yes, sending a network protocol address of the first device to the second device, so that the second device and the first device according to the network protocol address Communicate.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the modules is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple modules or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication link shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication link through some interface, device or module, and may be electrical, mechanical or otherwise.
  • the modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated.
  • the components displayed as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional module in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each module may exist physically separately, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module.
  • the above integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules.
  • the integrated modules if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as separate products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present invention which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium.
  • a number of instructions are included to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read only memory (ROM, Read-Only) Memory, random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, and other media that can store program code.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法及装置，该方法包括：第一设备根据其MAC地址设置该第一设备的UID，并保存该第一设备的包括该UID在内的各描述信息之间的关联关系，当侦听到第二设备用于查询IP地址的查询请求时，判断该第一设备的MAC地址是否为该查询请求中包含的待查询设备的MAC地址，若是，则向该第二设备发送该第一设备的IP地址，以使该第二设备根据该IP地址与该第一设备进行通信。本发明在不影响通信的前提下，可简化对UID进行配置、维护的相关操作，降低配置、维护的成本，以及，降低系统发生故障的风险。

Description

基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法及装置
本申请要求在2016年02月16日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610087096.9、发明名称为“基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于智能家居互联技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法及装置。
 背景技术
在P2P（点对点）智能家居可视对讲系统中，每一个实体设备（如室内机、门口机、监控机等）都有一个唯一标识符（UID，unique identifier），该标识符用于标识、识别和查找该实体设备，继而与之进行网络通讯和信息交互。此UID一般由字母和数字的组合构成，通常情况下，在设备初始化后固定下来不修改或者无法修改。同时确保此UID具有设备唯一性，不存在2台设备具备同样的UID值。并且能够通过此UID映射或推算出网络通讯需要的基础信息，该基础信息如网际协议地址（IP，Internet Protocol Address），以便实现最终的信息交互目的，否则此UID就没有现实意义。
目前现有方案为设备设置UID是基于IP地址的静态绑定，即，将IP地址与UID形成一一对应关系，其它由非IP地址通过本地或者服务器数据库进行转换的情况，最终也是变换为IP地址，可以看作UID与IP地址静态绑定是同一种情形。
但是上述方案存在以下的技术问题：要求设备的IP地址是固定的。如果是手动设置IP地址，对大批量的设备而言，安装和调试的工作量很大，而且很难保证不会产生重复的IP地址，从而导致重复IP的设备都不能正常工作；如果是自动分配的IP地址，则需在IP地址分配服务器上做配置添加媒体访问控制（MAC，Media Access Control）地址到IP地址的分配绑定，由于服务器IP分配软件不统一或者支持度有限，导致整个系统很难完整有效地集成在一起。移动设备到另一个跨网段的物理位置，而不得不修改设备IP以做设备调试时，需要修改后台数据库和服务器IP分配软件的配置才能进行正常的网络通讯，过程非常繁琐。进一步地，手动设置IP地址时，要考虑如何避免IP地址冲突，因为IP地址发生冲突时的故障定位也会面临考验，手动设置IP地址增加了系统风险。另一方面，从常规意义上看，一个设备的IP地址固定是有些不合逻辑的，因为IP地址是共享资源，它并不属于某个特定的设备，同时变化的IP地址也不利于设备的历史追踪。
 技术问题
本发明提供一种基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法及装置，用以通过为设备自身的MAC地址与UID进行绑定设置，并基于设备的MAC地址查找到对应的IP地址，并根据IP地址进行通信，在不影响通信的前提下，可简化对UID进行配置、维护的相关操作，降低配置、维护的成本，以及，降低系统发生故障的风险。
 技术解决方案
本发明提供的一种基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法，包括：
第一设备接收绑定指令，并按照所述绑定指令，根据所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址设置所述第一设备的唯一标识符；
保存所述第一设备的包括所述唯一标识符在内的各描述信息之间的关联关系；
当侦听到第二设备用于查询网络协议地址的查询请求时，判断所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址，是否为所述查询请求中包含的待查询设备的媒体访问控制地址；
若是，则向所述第二设备发送所述第一设备的网络协议地址，以使所述第二设备根据所述网络协议地址与所述第一设备进行通信。
本发明提供的一种基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信装置，包括：
接收模块，用于接收绑定指令；
设置模块，用于按照所述绑定指令，根据所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址设置所述第一设备的唯一标识符；
保存模块，用于保存所述第一设备的包括所述唯一标识符在内的各描述信息之间的关联关系；
判断模块，用于当侦听到第二设备用于查询网络协议地址的查询请求时，判断所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址，是否为所述查询请求中包含的待查询设备的媒体访问控制地址；
发送模块，用于若所述判断模块判断出所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址，是所述查询请求中包含的待查询设备的媒体访问控制地址，则向所述第二设备发送所述第一设备的网络协议地址，以使所述第二设备根据所述网络协议地址与所述第一设备进行通信。
 有益效果
从上述本发明实施例可知，本发明提供的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法及装置，通过将设备的MAC地址作为UID，使得设备的UID唯一，MAC地址的不可更改性，解决了现有技术中将IP地址与设备的UID相关联而产生的维护成本高，分配IP地址容易出错，以及系统容易产生故障的问题，并且，通过侦听其他设备发送的查询IP地址的查询请求，并返回本设备的IP地址，使得设备之间可以保持正常的通信，这样，在保持正常通信的基础上，可简化对设备UID进行配置、维护的相关操作，降低配置、维护的成本，并降低系统发生故障的风险。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例中智能家居可视对讲控制系统的结构示意图；
图2是本发明第一实施例提供的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法的实现流程示意图；
图3是本发明实施例中第一设备各描述信息之间的关联关系图；
图4是本发明第二实施例提供的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法的实现流程示意图；
图5是本发明实施例中第一设备的本地数据库中缓存的各设备的MAC地址与IP地址的对应关系图；
图6是本发明实施例中第一设备、第二设备和服务器之间通信结构示意图；
图7是本发明第三实施例提供的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信装置的结构示意图；
图8是本发明第四实施例提供的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信装置的结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为使得本发明的发明目的、特征、优点能够更加的明显和易懂，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而非全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法，可应用于智能家居可视对讲控制系统中，智能家居可视对讲控制系统一般设置在居民住宅小区的内部，请参阅图1，图1为该智能家居可视对讲控制系统的结构示意图，该系统包括：
设置于居民住宅小区门卫室的门卫机11、设置于小区物业管理处的物业机12、设置于小区住宅楼栋里的各户家里的室内机13设置于小区住宅楼栋外的门口机14以及设置于机房的主服务器15，以上各设备通过网络相连接，该网络可以是局域网，也可以是互联网，各设备之间可以进行通过网络进行通信。
其中至少室内机13和门口机14可以通过屏幕进行可视对讲，及进行下一步操作，如开启门口机14对应的单元门，以及开启室内机13对应的住户门。在需要时，例如住户因遗忘钥匙且家中无人，或者，因室内机13、门口机14、住户门或单元门的机械故障，而无法打开自家大门或单元门，呼叫并接通门卫机11或物业机12，门卫机11或物业机12也可以通过屏幕与室内机13、门口机14进行可视对讲，帮助住户打开相应的门。主服务器15用于存储用户资料，包括用户照片、具体居住地址等资料。
需要说明的是，图1中所示的门卫机11、物业机12、室内机13及门口机14设备即为本发明各实施例中所述的第一设备和第二设备，它们可以为固定设备，也可以为移动设备，例如，门卫机11可以是固定在门卫室内的设备，也可以是门卫人员的手持设备，方便该门卫人员在一定范围内移动时，使用该手持设备与其他设备进行通信。
请参阅图2，图2为本发明第一实施例提供的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法的实现流程示意图，可应用于图1所示的各设备中，主要包括以下步骤：
S201、第一设备接收绑定指令，并按照该绑定指令，根据该第一设备的媒体访问控制地址设置该第一设备的唯一标识符。
该第一设备可以为图1中门卫机11、物业机12、室内机13以及门口机14之中的任意一种设备。
首先为该第一设备设置唯一标识符UID。设置人员输入绑定指令，该第一设备接收该绑定指令，按照该绑定指令，根据该第一设备自身的MAC地址设置该第一设备自身的UID，将UID与MAC地址相关联，使得UID成为第一设备的唯一的标识。
S202、保存该第一设备的包括该唯一标识符在内的各描述信息之间的关联关系。
在该第一设备中保存该第一设备各描述信息之间的关联关系，描述信息是指描述该第一设备各方面属性的信息，例如该描述信息可以是该第一设备的UID信息，也可以是用于标示该第一设备所在物理位置的号码信息，还可以是该第一设备具体的地址信息，该地址信息可以具体到该第一设备所在的房间号。
该关联关系是指该第一设备的UID、号码、地址信息之间的对应关系。该关联关系可以关联关系图的形式保存在该第一设备中，该关联关系图如图3所示。
从图中的信息可以看出，由于图中不包含IP地址信息，因此，无论第一设备的IP地址是采取自定义IP设置还是自动IP设置，都不需要修改该关联关系图。其中，若该第一设备获取IP地址的方式设置为自动获取IP地址，则当该第一设备从一个物理网络移动到另一个物理网络中时，不需要修改其他任何配置信息，简化设备的安装、使用和维护。
S203、当侦听到第二设备用于查询网络协议地址的查询请求时，判断该第一设备的媒体访问控制地址，是否为该查询请求中包含的待查询设备的媒体访问控制地址。
设备要与其它设备通信，需要得知通信对端设备的IP地址，因此，需要向对端设备发送IP地址的查询请求。对应地，为了获取该查询请求，在每台设备上运行一个后台服务，该后台服务用于侦听来自指定端口（如端口10010）的IP地址的查询请求。
该第二设备发送查询IP地址的查询请求，在该查询请求中携带待查询设备的MAC地址，该待查询设备即为该第二设备要通信的对端设备。当该第一设备侦听到第二设备用于查询IP地址的查询请求时，判断该第一设备自身的MAC地址，是否为该查询请求中的MAC地址。
该第二设备可以为图1中门卫机11、物业机12、室内机13以及门口机14之中的任意一种设备，可与该第一设备进行通信。
S204、若是，则向该第二设备发送该第一设备的网络协议地址，以使该第二设备根据该网络协议地址与该第一设备进行通信。
若该第一设备判断该第一设备的MAC地址即为该待查询设备的MAC地址，则向该第二设备发送该第一设备自身的IP地址，使得该第二设备可根据该第一设备发送的IP地址与该第一设备进行通信。
若该第一设备判断该第一设备的MAC地址不是该待查询设备的MAC地址，则不予处理，而是在该端口继续侦听，直至侦听到下一个查询IP地址的查询请求。
本发明实施例中，将设备的MAC地址作为UID，使得设备的UID唯一，MAC地址的不可更改性，解决了现有技术中将IP地址与设备的UID相关联而产生的维护成本高，分配IP地址容易出错，以及系统容易产生故障的问题，并且，通过侦听其他设备发送的查询IP地址的查询请求，并返回本设备的IP地址，使得设备之间可以保持正常的通信，这样，在保持正常通信的基础上，可简化对设备UID进行配置、维护的相关操作，降低配置、维护的成本，并降低系统发生故障的风险。
请参阅图4，图4为本发明第二实施例提供的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法的实现流程示意图，可应用于图1所示的各设备中，主要包括以下步骤：
S301、第一设备接收绑定指令，并按照该绑定指令，将该第一设备的媒体访问控制地址中的12个16进制数，按照在该第一设备的媒体访问控制地址中的顺序拼接为12位的字符串，并将该字符串作为该第一设备的唯一标识符。
该第一设备可以为图1中门卫机11、物业机12、室内机13以及门口机14之中的任意一种设备。
首先为该第一设备设置唯一标识符UID。设置人员输入绑定指令，该第一设备接收该绑定指令，按照该绑定指令，根据该第一设备自身的MAC地址设置该第一设备自身的UID。
需要说明的是，设备的MAC地址是厂商生产的网卡的地址，对于每一台设备MAC地址都是唯一的，MAC地址定义了计算机间的网络连接，记录在网络接口卡上的硬件电路上。MAC地址通常表示为12个16进制数，例如该第一设备的MAC地址为00:10:23:48:7F:6B，由12个16进制数“0、0、1、0、2、3、4、8、7、F、6、B”加6个分隔符“：”构成。
根据该第一设备自身的MAC地址设置该第一设备自身的UID，具体可以是将该MAC地址中的12个16进制数，按照在MAC地址中的顺序拼接为12位的字符串，将该字符串作为该第一设备的UID，可以确保每台设备的UID的唯一性。例如，上例中该第一设备的MAC地址为00:10:23:48:7F:6B，则该第一设备的UID为“001023487F6B”。
S302、保存该第一设备的包括该唯一标识符在内的各描述信息之间的关联关系。
在该第一设备中保存该第一设备各描述信息之间的关联关系，描述信息是指描述该第一设备各方面属性的信息，例如该描述信息可以是该第一设备的UID信息，也可以是用于标示该第一设备所在物理位置的号码信息，还可以是该第一设备具体的地址信息，该地址信息可以具体到该第一设备所在的房间号。
该关联关系是指该第一设备的UID、号码、地址信息之间的对应关系。
S303、当侦听到第二设备用于查询网络协议地址的查询请求时，判断该第一设备的媒体访问控制地址，是否为该查询请求中包含的待查询设备的媒体访问控制地址。
该第二设备可以为图1中门卫机11、物业机12、室内机13以及门口机14之中的任意一种设备，可与该第一设备进行通信。
该第二设备发送查询IP地址的查询请求，在该查询请求中携带待查询设备的MAC地址，该待查询设备即为该第二设备要通信的对端设备。当该第一设备侦听到第二设备用于查询IP地址的查询请求时，判断该第一设备自身的MAC地址，是否为该查询请求中的MAC地址。
S304、若是，则向该第二设备发送该第一设备的网络协议地址，以使该第二设备根据该网络协议地址与该第一设备进行通信。
若该第一设备判断该第一设备的MAC地址即为该待查询设备的MAC地址，则向该第二设备发送该第一设备自身的IP地址，使得该第二设备可根据该第一设备发送的IP地址与该第一设备进行通信。
若该第一设备判断该第一设备的MAC地址不是该待查询设备的MAC地址，则不予处理，而是在该端口继续侦听，直至侦听到下一个查询IP地址的查询请求。
需要说明的是，当该第一设备需要与目标设备进行通信时，主动发起对该目标设备的IP地址的查询。
具体地，在该第一设备的本地数据库中缓存各设备的MAC地址与IP地址对应关系列图，并在该关系列图中记录IP地址的最后更新时间。该关系列图的格式如下：
进一步地，为该关系列图中的IP地址这一项设置老化期，该老化期用于表示该关系列图中MAC地址与IP地址的对应关系的有效时长，例如5秒钟。在该IP地址老化前直接使用该关系列图中的IP地址，而不向其他设备发起IP地址的查询请求，而该IP地址老化后，表明该IP地址相对于其对应的MAC地址可能已经失效，需重新获取该MAC地址的IP地址，才向其他设备发起IP地址的查询请求，这样可以节约时间，并降低网络流量的占用。
进一步地，当需要与目标设备进行通信时，通过用户数据报协议（UDP，User Datagram Protocol）组播的方式，向多个其他设备发送查询IP地址的请求，该请求中包含待查询的目标设备的MAC地址。其中，UDP组播可以包括UDP多播或UDP广播。在各设备上均保存有其他设备的MAC地址，当需要查询MAC地址对应的IP地址，向多个同组的其他设备发送查询请求时，在请求中携带要查询设备的MAC地址，这样待查询的目标设备在侦听到该请求时，判断该请求中的MAC地址是不是该目标设备的MAC地址，若是，则返回该目标设备的IP地址，若不是，则不予处理。
需要说明的是，在通过用户数据报协议组播的方式，向多个其他设备发送查询IP地址的请求之前，先在预先缓存的各设备的MAC地址与IP地址对应关系列图中，查询是否存在该目标设备的MAC地址对应的目标IP地址。若不存在该目标设备的MAC地址对应的目标IP地址，再通过UDP组播的方式，向多个其他设备发送查询IP地址的请求。若存在该目标IP地址，则判断当前时间距离该关系列图的最后一次更新时间，是否已大于该关系列图中目标IP地址预设的老化期。
若已大于该老化期，则说明该关系列图中的MAC地址和IP地址的对应关系已失效，则通过UDP组播的方式，向多个其他设备发送查询IP地址的请求，接收该目标设备回复的IP地址，将该目标设备回复的IP地址，更新为该关系列图中该目标设备的MAC地址对应的IP地址，并通过该IP地址与该目标设备进行通信。若未大于该老化期，则在该关系列图中获取该目标设备的MAC地址对应的IP地址，并根据获取的IP地址与该目标设备进行通信。
一个实例中，第一设备和第二设备均以linux系统为例，请参见图6，第一设备41、第二设备42和服务器43通过无线或有线方式相连接，其中，服务器43中设置有Client/Server（C/S）服务模块和本地数据库，C/S结构的优点是能充分发挥客户端设备的处理能力。第一设备41、第二设备42都设置有P2P服务模块，client（客户端）模块和本地数据库，P2P服务模块。当第一设备41要与第二设备42进行通信时，需要获知第二设备42的IP地址，第一设备41从其本地数据库查询到第二设备42的MAC地址，先查看本地数据库中缓存的MAC地址与IP地址对应关系列图里，有无第二设备42的MAC地址对应的IP地址，如果该对应关系列图中有该IP地址，则查看该IP地址更新时间是否已过该IP地址的老化期，如果没有过老化期则直接使用图里的IP地址与第二设备42进行通信，如果已过老化期，则通过组播发起IP地址的查询请求，或者，在该对应关系列图里无该IP地址，也通过组播发起IP地址的查询请求，该查询请求时以数据包的形式发出，该查询请求中包含第二设备42的MAC地址，此时与第一设备41同组里的所有设备都会收到该查询请求。
第一设备41和第二设备42中的P2P服务模块会侦听在一个组播地址的预先指定的UDP端口，该组播端口例如可以是多播地址239.0.0.1，或者是广播地址255.255.255.255，该UDP端口例如10010。使用多播地址时，需要调用网络子系统加入多播组，使用广播地址时，需要启用网卡的广播接收和发送特性。当第二设备42收到该查询请求后，查看数据包里请求的MAC地址是否与第二设备42自身的MAC地址相同，若相同将第二设备42自己的IP地址以响应包的形式返回给第一设备41，其它收到该查询请求的设备查看数据包里的MAC地址与其自身的MAC地址不符，不予回应。第一设备41收到第二设备42的IP地址响应包后，从中解析出第二设备42的IP地址，使用该IP地址与第二设备42进行通信，并且，将该IP地址添加或更新到第一设备41的该对应关系列图中，当该对应关系列图中没有与第二设备42的MAC地址对应的IP地址，则将该IP地址以一个新表项添加到该对应关系图中，当该对应关系列图中有与第二设备42的MAC地址对应的IP地址，则将该IP地址更新到添加到该对应关系图中对应的表项中。
本发明实施例中，将设备的MAC地址作为UID，使得设备的UID唯一，MAC地址的不可更改性，解决了现有技术中将IP地址与设备的UID相关联而产生的维护成本高，分配IP地址容易出错，以及系统容易产生故障的问题，并且，通过侦听其他设备发送的查询IP地址的查询请求，并返回本设备的IP地址，使得设备之间可以保持正常的通信，这样，在保持正常通信的基础上，可简化对设备UID进行配置、维护的相关操作，降低配置、维护的成本，并降低系统发生故障的风险。进一步地，为该关系列图设置老化期，在该关系列图老化后，才向其他设备发起IP地址的查询请求获取新的IP地址，这样可以节约时间，并降低网络流量的占用。
请参阅图7，图7是本发明第三实施例提供的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信装置的结构示意图，为了便于说明，仅示出了与本发明实施例相关的部分。图7示例的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信装置可以是前述图2和图4所示实施例提供的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法的执行主体，如第一设备或第一设备中的一个模块。图7示例的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信装置，主要包括：接收模块501、设置模块502、保存模块503、判断模块504以及发送模块505。以上各功能模块详细说明如下：
其中，接收模块501，用于接收绑定指令。
设置模块502，用于按照该绑定指令，根据该第一设备的媒体访问控制地址设置该第一设备的唯一标识符。
该第一设备接收设置人员输入的绑定指令，按照该绑定指令，根据该第一设备自身的MAC地址设置该第一设备自身的UID，将UID与MAC地址相关联，使得UID成为第一设备的唯一的标识。
保存模块503，用于保存该第一设备的包括该唯一标识符在内的各描述信息之间的关联关系。
该关联关系是指该第一设备的UID、号码、地址信息之间的对应关系。
该描述信息是指描述该第一设备各方面属性的信息，例如该描述信息可以是该第一设备的UID信息，也可以是用于标示该第一设备所在物理位置的号码信息，还可以是该第一设备具体的地址信息，该地址信息可以具体到该第一设备所在的房间号。
该关联关系可以关联关系图的形式保存在该第一设备中，该关联关系图的格式如图3所示。
从图3中的信息可以看出，由于图中不包含IP地址信息，因此，无论第一设备的IP地址是采取自定义IP设置还是自动IP设置，都不需要修改该关联关系图。其中，若该第一设备获取IP地址的方式设置为自动获取IP地址，则当该第一设备从一个物理网络移动到另一个物理网络中时，不需要修改其他任何配置信息，简化设备的安装、使用和维护。
判断模块504，用于当侦听到第二设备用于查询网络协议地址的查询请求时，判断该第一设备的媒体访问控制地址，是否为该查询请求中包含的待查询设备的媒体访问控制地址。
一个设备要与其它设备通信，需要得知通信对端设备的IP地址，因此，需要向对端设备发送IP地址的查询请求。对应地，为了获取该查询请求，在每台设备上运行一个后台服务，该后台服务用于侦听来自指定端口的IP地址的查询请求。
该第二设备发送查询IP地址的查询请求，在该查询请求中携带待查询设备的MAC地址，该待查询设备即为该第二设备要通信的对端设备。当该第一设备侦听到第二设备用于查询IP地址的查询请求时，判断该第一设备自身的MAC地址，是否为该查询请求中的MAC地址。
发送模块505，用于若判断模块504判断出该第一设备的媒体访问控制地址，是该查询请求中包含的待查询设备的媒体访问控制地址，则向该第二设备发送该第一设备的网络协议地址，以使该第二设备根据该网络协议地址与该第一设备进行通信。
若该第一设备判断该第一设备的MAC地址即为该待查询设备的MAC地址，则向该第二设备发送该第一设备自身的IP地址，使得该第二设备可根据该第一设备发送的IP地址与该第一设备进行通信。
若该第一设备判断该第一设备的MAC地址不是该待查询设备的MAC地址，则不予处理，而是在该端口继续侦听，直至侦听到下一个查询IP地址的查询请求。
本实施例未尽之细节，请参阅前述图1至图6所示实施例的描述，此处不再赘述。
需要说明的是，以上图7示例的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信装置的实施方式中，各功能模块的划分仅是举例说明，实际应用中可以根据需要，例如相应硬件的配置要求或者软件的实现的便利考虑，而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。而且，实际应用中，本实施例中的相应的功能模块可以是由相应的硬件实现，也可以由相应的硬件执行相应的软件完成。本说明书提供的各个实施例都可应用上述描述原则，以下不再赘述。
本发明实施例中，将设备的MAC地址作为UID，使得设备的UID唯一，MAC地址的不可更改性，解决了现有技术中将IP地址与设备的UID相关联而产生的维护成本高，分配IP地址容易出错，以及系统容易产生故障的问题，并且，通过侦听其他设备发送的查询IP地址的查询请求，并返回本设备的IP地址，使得设备之间可以保持正常的通信，这样，在保持正常通信的基础上，可简化对设备UID进行配置、维护的相关操作，降低配置、维护的成本，并降低系统发生故障的风险。
请参阅图8，本发明第四实施例提供的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信装置的结构示意图，为了便于说明，仅示出了与本发明实施例相关的部分。图8示例的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信装置可以是前述图2和图4所示实施例提供的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法的执行主体，如第一设备或第二设备中的一个模块。图8示例的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信装置，主要包括：接收模块601、设置模块602、保存模块603、判断模块604、发送模块605、通信模块606、查询模块607、获取模块608以及更新模块609。以上各功能模块详细说明如下：
其中，接收模块601，用于接收绑定指令。
设置模块602，用于按照该绑定指令，根据该第一设备的媒体访问控制地址设置该第一设备的唯一标识符。
进一步地，设置模块602，还用于将该第一设备的媒体访问控制地址中的12个16进制数，按照在该第一设备的媒体访问控制地址中的顺序拼接为12位的字符串，并将该字符串作为该第一设备的唯一标识符，可以确保每台设备的UID的唯一性。例如，该第一设备的MAC地址为00:10:23:48:7F:6B，则该第一设备的UID为“001023487F6B”。
保存模块603，用于保存该第一设备的包括该唯一标识符在内的各描述信息之间的关联关系。
该描述信息是指描述该第一设备各方面属性的信息，例如该描述信息可以是该第一设备的UID信息，也可以是用于标示该第一设备所在物理位置的号码信息，还可以是该第一设备具体的地址信息，该地址信息可以具体到该第一设备所在的房间号。
该关联关系是指该第一设备的UID、号码、地址信息之间的对应关系。
判断模块604，用于当侦听到第二设备用于查询网络协议地址的查询请求时，判断该第一设备的媒体访问控制地址，是否为该查询请求中包含的待查询设备的媒体访问控制地址。
发送模块605，用于若判断模块604判断出该第一设备的媒体访问控制地址，是该查询请求中包含的待查询设备的媒体访问控制地址，则向该第二设备发送该第一设备的网络协议地址，以使该第二设备根据该网络协议地址与该第一设备进行通信。
若该第一设备判断该第一设备的MAC地址不是该待查询设备的MAC地址，则不予处理，而是在该端口继续侦听，直至侦听到下一个查询IP地址的查询请求。
发送模块605，还用于当需要与目标设备进行通信时，通过用户数据报协议组播的方式，向多个其他设备发送查询网络协议地址的请求，该请求中包含待查询的目标设备的媒体访问控制地址。
即，当该第一设备需要与目标设备进行通信时，可主动发起对该目标设备的IP地址的查询。
该装置还可以进一步包括：
通信模块606，用于接收该目标设备回复的网络协议地址，并通过该网络协议地址与该目标设备进行通信。
进一步地，保存模块603，还用于缓存各设备的媒体访问控制地址与网络协议地址对应关系列图。
设置模块602，还用于为该关系列图中的网络协议地址设置老化期，该老化期用于表示该关系列图中媒体访问控制地址与网络协议地址的对应关系的有效时长。
在该关系列图中还记录IP地址的最后更新时间。
为该关系列图中的IP地址这一表项设置老化期，该老化期用于表示该关系列图中MAC地址与IP地址的对应关系的有效时长，例如5秒钟。在该IP地址老化前直接使用该关系列图中的IP地址，而不向其他设备发起IP地址的查询请求，而该IP地址老化后，表明该IP地址相对于其对应的MAC地址可能已经失效，需重新获取该MAC地址的IP地址，才向其他设备发起IP地址的查询请求，这样可以节约时间，并降低网络流量的占用。
该装置还可以进一步包括：
查询模块607，用于在预先缓存的各设备的媒体访问控制地址与网络协议地址对应关系列图中，查询是否存在该目标设备的媒体访问控制地址对应的网络协议地址。
进一步地，发送模块605，还用于若不存在该目标网络协议地址，则通过用户数据报协议组播的方式，向多个其他设备发送查询网络协议地址的请求。
其中，UDP组播可以包括UDP多播或UDP广播。在各设备上均保存有其它设备的MAC地址，当需要查询MAC地址对应的IP地址，向多个其他设备发送查询请求时，在请求中携带要查询设备的MAC地址，这样待查询的目标设备在侦听到该请求时，判断该请求中的MAC地址是不是该目标设备的MAC地址，若是，则返回该目标设备的IP地址，若不是，则不予处理。
判断模块604，还用于若存在该目标网络协议地址，则判断当前时间距离该目标设备的网络协议地址的最后一次更新时间，是否已大于该关系列图中该目标网络协议地址预设的老化期。
发送模块605，还用于若判断模块604判断的结果是，当前时间距离该目标设备的网络协议地址的最后一次更新时间已大于该老化期，则通过用户数据报协议组播的方式，向多个其他设备发送查询网络协议地址的请求。
所述装置还包括：
获取模块608，用于若判断模块604判断的结果是，当前时间距离该目标设备的网络协议地址的最后一次更新时间未大于该老化期，则在该关系列图中获取该目标设备的媒体访问控制地址对应的网络协议地址。
更新模块609，用于将该目标设备回复的网络协议地址，更新为该关系列图中该目标设备的媒体访问控制地址对应的网络协议地址。
本实施例未尽之细节，请参阅前述图1至图7所示实施例的描述，此处不再赘述。
本发明实施例中，将设备的MAC地址作为UID，使得设备的UID唯一，MAC地址的不可更改性，解决了现有技术中将IP地址与设备的UID相关联而产生的维护成本高，分配IP地址容易出错，以及系统容易产生故障的问题，并且，通过侦听其他设备发送的查询IP地址的查询请求，并返回本设备的IP地址，使得设备之间可以保持正常的通信，这样，在保持正常通信的基础上，可简化对设备UID进行配置、维护的相关操作，降低配置、维护的成本，并降低系统发生故障的风险。进一步地，为该关系列图设置老化期，在该关系列图老化后，才向其他设备发起IP地址的查询请求获取新的IP地址，这样可以节约时间，并降低网络流量的占用。
本发明实施例提供一种基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信装置，所述装置包括：
一个或者多个处理器；
存储器；
一个或者多个程序，所述一个或者多个程序存储在所述存储器中，当被所述一个或者多个处理器执行时：
第一设备接收绑定指令，并按照所述绑定指令，根据所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址设置所述第一设备的唯一标识符；保存所述第一设备的包括所述唯一标识符在内的各描述信息之间的关联关系；当侦听到第二设备用于查询网络协议地址的查询请求时，判断所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址，是否为所述查询请求中包含的待查询设备的媒体访问控制地址；若是，则向所述第二设备发送所述第一设备的网络协议地址，以使所述第二设备根据所述网络协议地址与所述第一设备进行通信。
本发明实施例的未尽描述细节，请参见前述各实施例的描述。
在本申请所提供的多个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述模块的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个模块或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信链接可以是通过一些接口，装置或模块的间接耦合或通信链接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的模块可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为模块显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理模块，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络模块上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能模块可以集成在一个处理模块中，也可以是各个模块单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上模块集成在一个模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。
所述集成的模块如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备（可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等）执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器（ROM，Read-Only Memory）、随机存取存储器（RAM，Random Access Memory）、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
需要说明的是，对于前述的各方法实施例，为了简便描述，故将其都表述为一系列的动作组合，但是本领域技术人员应该知悉，本发明并不受所描述的动作顺序的限制，因为依据本发明，某些步骤可以采用其它顺序或者同时进行。其次，本领域技术人员也应该知悉，说明书中所描述的实施例均属于优选实施例，所涉及的动作和模块并不一定都是本发明所必须的。
在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见其它实施例的相关描述。
以上为对本发明所提供的基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法及装置的描述，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明实施例的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第一设备接收绑定指令，并按照所述绑定指令，根据所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址设置所述第一设备的唯一标识符；
    保存所述第一设备的包括所述唯一标识符在内的各描述信息之间的关联关系；
    当侦听到第二设备用于查询网络协议地址的查询请求时，判断所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址，是否为所述查询请求中包含的待查询设备的媒体访问控制地址；
    若是，则向所述第二设备发送所述第一设备的网络协议地址，以使所述第二设备根据所述网络协议地址与所述第一设备进行通信。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址设置所述第一设备的唯一标识符包括：
    将所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址中的12个16进制数，按照在所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址中的顺序拼接为12位的字符串，并将所述字符串作为所述第一设备的唯一标识符。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    当需要与目标设备进行通信时，通过用户数据报协议组播的方式，向多个其他设备发送查询网络协议地址的请求，所述请求中包含待查询的目标设备的媒体访问控制地址；
    接收所述目标设备回复的网络协议地址，并通过所述网络协议地址与所述目标设备进行通信。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    缓存各设备的媒体访问控制地址与网络协议地址对应关系列表，并为所述关系列表中的网络协议地址设置老化期，所述老化期用于表示所述关系列表中媒体访问控制地址与网络协议地址的对应关系的有效时长。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过用户数据报协议组播的方式，向多个其他设备发送查询网络协议地址的请求之前还包括：
    在预先缓存的各设备的媒体访问控制地址与网络协议地址对应关系列表中，查询是否存在所述目标设备的媒体访问控制地址对应的目标网络协议地址；
    若不存在所述目标网络协议地址，则执行所述通过用户数据报协议组播的方式，向多个其他设备发送查询网络协议地址的请求的步骤；
    若存在所述目标网络协议地址，则判断当前时间距离所述目标设备的网络协议地址的最后一次更新时间，是否已大于所述关系列表中所述目标网络协议地址预设的老化期；
    若已大于所述老化期，则执行所述通过用户数据报协议组播的方式，向多个其他设备发送查询网络协议地址的请求的步骤；
    若未大于所述老化期，则在所述关系列表中获取所述目标设备的媒体访问控制地址对应的网络协议地址，并根据获取的网络协议地址与所述目标设备进行通信。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接收所述目标设备回复的网络协议地址之后还包括：
    将所述目标设备回复的网络协议地址，更新为所述关系列表中所述目标设备的媒体访问控制地址对应的网络协议地址。
  7. 一种基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    接收模块，用于接收绑定指令；
    设置模块，用于按照所述绑定指令，根据所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址设置所述第一设备的唯一标识符；
    保存模块，用于保存所述第一设备的包括所述唯一标识符在内的各描述信息之间的关联关系；
    判断模块，用于当侦听到第二设备用于查询网络协议地址的查询请求时，判断所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址，是否为所述查询请求中包含的待查询设备的媒体访问控制地址；
    发送模块，用于若所述判断模块判断出所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址，是所述查询请求中包含的待查询设备的媒体访问控制地址，则向所述第二设备发送所述第一设备的网络协议地址，以使所述第二设备根据所述网络协议地址与所述第一设备进行通信。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述设置模块，还用于将所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址中的12个16进制数，按照在所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址中的顺序拼接为12位的字符串，并将所述字符串作为所述第一设备的唯一标识符。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述发送模块，还用于当需要与目标设备进行通信时，通过用户数据报协议组播的方式，向多个其他设备发送查询网络协议地址的请求，所述请求中包含待查询的目标设备的媒体访问控制地址；
    所述装置还包括：
    通信模块，用于接收所述目标设备回复的网络协议地址，并通过所述网络协议地址与所述目标设备进行通信。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述保存模块，还用于缓存各设备的媒体访问控制地址与网络协议地址对应关系列表；
    所述设置模块，还用于为所述关系列表中的网络协议地址设置老化期，所述老化期用于表示所述关系列表中媒体访问控制地址与网络协议地址的对应关系的有效时长。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述装置还包括：
    查询模块，用于在预先缓存的各设备的媒体访问控制地址与网络协议地址对应关系列表中，查询是否存在所述目标设备的媒体访问控制地址对应的网络协议地址；
    所述发送模块，还用于若不存在所述目标网络协议地址，则通过用户数据报协议组播的方式，向多个其他设备发送查询网络协议地址的请求；
    所述判断模块，还用于若存在所述目标网络协议地址，则判断当前时间距离所述目标设备的网络协议地址的最后一次更新时间，是否已大于所述关系列表中所述目标网络协议地址预设的老化期；
    所述发送模块，还用于若所述判断模块判断的结果是，当前时间距离所述目标设备的网络协议地址的最后一次更新时间已大于所述老化期，则通过用户数据报协议组播的方式，向多个其他设备发送查询网络协议地址的请求。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    获取模块，用于若所述判断模块判断的结果是，当前时间距离所述目标设备的网络协议地址的最后一次更新时间未大于所述老化期，则在所述关系列表中获取所述目标设备的媒体访问控制地址对应的网络协议地址；
    更新模块，用于将所述目标设备回复的网络协议地址，更新为所述关系列表中所述目标设备的媒体访问控制地址对应的网络协议地址。
  13. 一种基于媒体访问控制地址的寻址通信装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    一个或者多个处理器；
    存储器；
    一个或者多个程序，所述一个或者多个程序存储在所述存储器中，当被所述一个或者多个处理器执行时：
    第一设备接收绑定指令，并按照所述绑定指令，根据所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址设置所述第一设备的唯一标识符；
    保存所述第一设备的包括所述唯一标识符在内的各描述信息之间的关联关系；
    当侦听到第二设备用于查询网络协议地址的查询请求时，判断所述第一设备的媒体访问控制地址，是否为所述查询请求中包含的待查询设备的媒体访问控制地址；
    若是，则向所述第二设备发送所述第一设备的网络协议地址，以使所述第二设备根据所述网络协议地址与所述第一设备进行通信。
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