WO2017133189A1 - 一种基于单侧电流的半波长线路自由波能量保护方法 - Google Patents

一种基于单侧电流的半波长线路自由波能量保护方法 Download PDF

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WO2017133189A1
WO2017133189A1 PCT/CN2016/090330 CN2016090330W WO2017133189A1 WO 2017133189 A1 WO2017133189 A1 WO 2017133189A1 CN 2016090330 W CN2016090330 W CN 2016090330W WO 2017133189 A1 WO2017133189 A1 WO 2017133189A1
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current
protection
value
segment
wave energy
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
柳焕章
周泽昕
杜丁香
郭雅蓉
李肖
梁旭明
王德林
王兴国
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Central China Branch of State Grid Corporation of China
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Central China Branch of State Grid Corporation of China
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Priority to US16/065,693 priority Critical patent/US10778003B2/en
Publication of WO2017133189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017133189A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/265—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured making use of travelling wave theory
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0092—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the data processing means, e.g. expert systems, neural networks

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  • the invention relates to the field of power system relay protection, and particularly relates to a half-wave line free wave energy protection method based on single-sided current.
  • Half-wave transmission is receiving more and more attention as a kind of communication long-distance transmission technology.
  • Half-wave transmission means that the length of the transmission line is the distance that the electromagnetic wave transmits in half a cycle (when the frequency is 50 Hz, the corresponding length is 3000 km).
  • the frequency is 50 Hz, the corresponding length is 3000 km.
  • the fluctuation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave are obvious. This results in a normal operation and fault electrical characteristics for a half-wavelength line that is different from conventional medium and short-distance transmission lines.
  • Conventional line protection has been unable to accommodate the characteristics and operational requirements of half-wavelength lines. In order to protect the half-wavelength line, it is necessary to combine the fault electrical characteristics to explore new protection schemes and methods.
  • the free wave is the free component of the fault transient process of a half-wavelength transmission system.
  • the free wave exhibits distinct waveform characteristics.
  • the present invention is a novel half-wavelength line protection method proposed by utilizing this feature.
  • traveling wave protection is widely used in line protection of DC transmission.
  • the required sampling rate is extremely high, often to several hundred K Hz; affected by capacitive voltage transformer; single-ended amount of traveling wave protection is not accurate. Therefore, the free wave based protection method that needs to be sought overcomes the above disadvantages. Thereby improving the safety of the half-wavelength transmission line.
  • the present invention provides a half-wavelength line free based on single-sided current.
  • the wave energy protection method can reduce the requirement of the hardware sampling rate of the device, and solve the problem that the conventional traveling wave protection is affected by the capacitive voltage transformer; the advantages of being accurate, efficient and reliable, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the half-wavelength line. run.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for protecting a half-wavelength line free-wave energy based on a single-sided current, wherein the half-wavelength line is provided with a protection measurement point and a starting component; and the free-wave energy is provided with three protection segments.
  • the three protection segments are a quick-moving segment (free wave energy protection I segment, referred to as segment I), a basic segment (free wave energy protection segment II, referred to as segment II), and a sensitive segment (free wave energy) Protection section III, referred to as section III); the method comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 The protection measurement point samples and calculates a current to obtain a variation of the current sampling value.
  • Step 2 the activation component generates an action to determine the occurrence time of the half-wavelength line fault
  • Step 3 calculating a change amount of the current sampling value in the fast moving segment (I segment) to obtain a free wave energy; and determining whether the quick moving segment (I segment) operates;
  • Step 4 calculating the current sampling value in the basic segment to obtain free wave energy; determining whether the basic segment (section II) is active;
  • Step determining whether the sensitive segment (section III) is operated according to the fault location and the permission command;
  • the step 1 includes:
  • Step 1-1 the protection measurement point compares the current value of the wave one week before the fault occurs and the current current The values are separately sampled to obtain pre-fault samples and current samples of each phase current; wherein, the sampling rate is 48 samples per cycle;
  • step 1-2 the amount of change in the current sample value is calculated according to the pre-fault sample value of the current and the current sample value.
  • the step 2 includes:
  • the activation component acts to determine the occurrence time of the half-wavelength line fault t:
  • the amount; ⁇ f(t) is the amount of change in the sum of the squares of the three-phase current sudden changes.
  • the step 3 includes:
  • Step 3-1 the second to fourth sampling points of the action of the starting component, using a half-wave Fourier filter window point by point, calculating the three-phase current variation ⁇ i A (t), ⁇ i B (t), ⁇ i The zero-sequence and negative-sequence variation phasors of C (t);
  • Step 3-2 the A, B, and C phase zero sequence and negative sequence phasors are reduced to the sampled values ⁇ i A02 (t), ⁇ i B02 (t) of the zero sequence and the negative sequence of the A, B, and C phases, ⁇ i C02 (t);
  • Step 3-3 filtering out the zero negative sequence in the sample value change amount, and obtaining the current change amount sample values i A (t), i B (t), and i C (t) after filtering the zero sequence and the negative sequence:
  • i B (t) ⁇ i B (t)- ⁇ i B02 (t)
  • ⁇ i A (t), ⁇ i B (t), and ⁇ i C (t) are the amount of change in the current sampling value at time t due to the failure of the A, B, and C phase currents, respectively;
  • Step 3-4 construct the sum of square functions f(t):
  • Step 3-5 determining whether the free wave energy formula (4) is true:
  • i is a sampling point
  • I is an integration interval
  • Step 3-6 after the 22nd sampling point, filter by the full-wave Fourier data window; at the same time, transform the formula (4) into the following formula (5), and judge whether the formula (5) holds:
  • equation (5) a total of 48 sampling points from -2 to 45 are reduced by a stepwise value of 0.05 in steps of 0.05, and the initial value of k is 5;
  • the step 4 includes:
  • Step 4-1 using a full-wave Fourier filter window to calculate the zero-sequence and negative-sequence change phasors of the three-phase current change amounts ⁇ i A (t), ⁇ i B (t), and ⁇ i C (t); get Value; among them, and The post-fault vector values of the A, B, and C phase currents, respectively; and The amount of change in the magnitude of the negative sequence current of the A, B, and C phases, respectively;
  • Step 4-2 the A, B, and C phase zero sequence and negative sequence phasor are reduced to the zero, negative and negative sequence sums of the A, B, and C phases, ⁇ i A02 (t), ⁇ i B02 (t), ⁇ i C02 (t);
  • Step 4-3 filtering out the zero negative sequence in the sample value change amount, and obtaining the current change amount sample values i A (t), i B (t) and i after filtering the zero sequence and the negative sequence according to the equation (2).
  • Step 4-4 construct a square sum function f(t) according to equation (3), take an absolute value after the difference between the square sum functions, and obtain
  • Step 4-5 determining whether the free-wave energy formula (6) is true:
  • the step 5 includes:
  • L is the lower limit of the integration interval
  • H is the upper limit of the integration interval
  • the sensitive segment protection action, and the integration interval I takes a sampling point of -2 to 45;
  • the sensitive segment protects the action and the product
  • the interval I takes -2 to 45 sampling points
  • the present invention provides a half-wave line free wave energy protection method based on single-sided current.
  • the current is sampled and calculated by protecting the measurement point to obtain a current sampling value.
  • the amount of change; then the starting element and the quick-moving section, the basic section and the sensitive section included in the free-wave energy protection section are used as action criteria to protect the half-wavelength line, in other words, to utilize the free-wave energy characteristic after the fault ( That is, the free-wave energy protection section protects the half-wavelength line.
  • the half-wavelength line protection method based on free wave energy proposed by the embodiment of the invention reduces the number of sampling requirements, and solves the problem of being affected by the capacitive voltage transformer; it is accurate, efficient and reliable, and takes care of the protection of the half-wavelength line.
  • the reliability and sensitivity of the operation ensure the safe and reliable operation of the half-wavelength line.
  • the filtering algorithm, the integration interval and the action time limit of each segment are different, thereby taking into account the reliability and sensitivity of the protection operation for the half-wavelength line.
  • the current is sampled by protecting the measurement point And calculating, obtaining the change amount of the current sampling value, starting the protection component and including the quick-moving section, the basic section and the sensitive section of the free-wave energy protection section; determining whether the quick-moving section, the basic section and the sensitive section start the protection action.
  • the half-wavelength line protection method based on free wave energy proposed by the embodiment of the invention reduces the number of sampling requirements, and solves the problem of being affected by the capacitive voltage transformer; has the advantages of being accurate, efficient and reliable, and taking into account the half
  • the wavelength line protects the reliability and sensitivity of the action, thereby ensuring safe and reliable operation of the half-wavelength line.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for protecting a half-wavelength line based on free wave energy according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a half-wavelength line simulation system in a specific application example of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a calculation point of the free wave energy protection I segment in a specific application example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a calculation point of a free wave energy protection II segment in a specific application example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a section III integration interval of free wave energy protection in a specific application example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a logic diagram of free-wave energy protection in which the free-wave energy protection I, II, and III segments are combined in a specific application example of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase short-circuit fault free wave of a half-wavelength line outlet F1 in a specific application example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase short-circuit fault free wave of a half-wavelength line reverse exit F8 in a specific application example of the present invention
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a three-phase short-circuit fault free wave of a half-wavelength line reverse exit F8 in a specific application example of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a half-wavelength line free-wave energy protection method based on a single-sided current, wherein a protection measurement point and a starting component are disposed on a half-wavelength line; and a protection section of an integration interval is provided for a free-wave energy
  • the protection segment includes a quick action segment, a basic segment and a sensitive segment; wherein the activation component is a component of a startup algorithm of the program; the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Protect the measuring point to sample and calculate the current, and obtain the variation of the current sampling value
  • Step 2 the activation component generates an action to determine the occurrence time of the half-wavelength line fault
  • Step 3 calculating the amount of change of the current sampling value in the quick-moving section to obtain the free-wave energy; determining whether the quick-moving section is moving; if yes, the quick-moving section protecting action; if not, proceeding to step 4;
  • Step 4 calculating the current sampling value in the basic segment to obtain the free wave energy; determining whether the basic segment is active; if yes, the basic segment protection action; if not, proceeding to step 5;
  • Step 5 judging whether the sensitive segment is operated according to the fault location and the permission command; if yes, the sensitive segment protection action; if not, returning to step 1.
  • step 1 comprises:
  • Step 1-1 the protection measurement point is used to sample the current value of the one-wave wave and the current current value before the fault occurs, and obtain the pre-fault sample value and the current sample value of each phase current; wherein, the sampling rate is 48 per cycle. Sample points
  • step 1-2 the amount of change in the current sample value is calculated according to the pre-fault sample value of the current and the current sample value.
  • step 2 includes: actuating the component to generate an action, according to the formula (1) Determine the occurrence time of the half-wavelength line fault t:
  • the amount; ⁇ f(t) is the amount of change in the sum of the squares of the three-phase current sudden changes.
  • step 3 comprises:
  • Step 3-1 starting from the 2nd to the 22th sampling points of the component action, using the half-wave Fourier filter window point by point, calculating the three-phase current variation ⁇ i A (t), ⁇ i B (t), ⁇ i C ( t) zero order and negative sequence change phasor;
  • Step 3-2 the A, B, and C phase zero sequence and negative sequence phasors are reduced to the sampled values ⁇ i A02 (t), ⁇ i B02 (t) of the zero sequence and the negative sequence of the A, B, and C phases, ⁇ i C02 (t);
  • Step 3-3 filtering out the zero negative sequence in the sample value change amount, and obtaining the current change amount sample values i A (t), i B (t), and i C (t) after filtering the zero sequence and the negative sequence:
  • i B (t) ⁇ i B (t)- ⁇ i B02 (t)
  • ⁇ i A (t), ⁇ i B (t), and ⁇ i C (t) are the amount of change in the current sampling value at time t due to the failure of the A, B, and C phase currents, respectively;
  • Step 3-4 construct the sum of square functions f(t):
  • Step 3-5 determine whether the free-wave energy formula (4) is true:
  • i is a sampling point
  • I is an integration interval
  • equation (4) does not hold, proceed to step 4; if equation (4) is established, enter 3-6;
  • Step 3-6 after the 22nd sampling point, filter by the full-wave Fourier data window; at the same time, transform the formula (4) into the following formula (5), and judge whether the formula (5) holds:
  • equation (5) a total of 48 sampling points from -2 to 45 are reduced by a stepwise value of 0.05 in steps of 0.05, and the initial value of k is 5;
  • step 4 If the formula (5) is not satisfied, the process proceeds to step 4; if the formula (5) is established, the quick-action segment protects the action.
  • step 4 includes:
  • Step 4-1 using a full-wave Fourier filter window to calculate the zero-sequence and negative-sequence change phasors of the three-phase current change amounts ⁇ i A (t), ⁇ i B (t), and ⁇ i C (t); get Value; among them, and The post-fault vector values of the A, B, and C phase currents, respectively; and The amount of change in the magnitude of the negative sequence current of the A, B, and C phases, respectively;
  • Step 4-2 the A, B, and C phase zero sequence and negative sequence phasor are reduced to the zero, negative and negative sequence sums of the A, B, and C phases, ⁇ i A02 (t), ⁇ i B02 (t), ⁇ i C02 (t);
  • Step 4-3 filtering out the zero negative sequence in the sample value change amount, and obtaining the current change amount sample values i A (t), i B (t) and i after filtering the zero sequence and the negative sequence according to the equation (2).
  • Step 4-4 construct a square sum function f(t) according to equation (3), take an absolute value after the difference between the square sum functions, and obtain
  • Step 4-5 determine whether the free-wave energy formula (6) is true:
  • step 4 If the equation (6) is not satisfied, the process proceeds to step 4; if the equation (6) is established, the basic segment protection operation is performed.
  • step 5 includes:
  • L is the lower limit of the integration interval
  • H is the upper limit of the integration interval
  • the sensitive segment protection action If the permission command is received and the estimation result of the fault location is greater than 2000 km, the sensitive segment protection action, and the integration interval I takes -2 to 45 sampling points;
  • the sensitive segment protection action If the permission command is received and the fault location estimation result is in the range of ⁇ (1500-l),...,(1500+l) ⁇ l ⁇ 500km, the sensitive segment protection action, and the integration interval I takes -2 to 45 sampling points ;
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a specific application example of a half-wavelength line protection method based on free wave energy, wherein a half-wave line protection method based on free wave energy is implemented in a half-wave line simulation system, and a half-wave line simulation system is implemented. As shown in Figure 2, as follows:
  • f set 0.1kA 2
  • ⁇ i A (t), ⁇ i B (t), ⁇ i C (t) are the abrupt amounts of the three-phase currents of A, B, and C.
  • the action time of the start component is the time when the protection component senses the failure.
  • the sampling rate is taken as an example of a 48-point weekly wave.
  • the free wave energy protection I segment is a fast segment.
  • the half-wave Fourier algorithm is used to perform point-by-point filtering and point-by-point integration.
  • the filter sequence filters out the zero sequence and negative sequence components, and the integral is the energy.
  • the half-wave Fourier filter window is used point by point to calculate the zero and negative of the three-phase current variation ⁇ i A (t), ⁇ i B (t), ⁇ i C (t) Order variation phasor and
  • the zero and negative sequence phasors are restored to the sampled values ⁇ i A02 (t), ⁇ i B02 (t), ⁇ i C02 (t) of the negative sequence sum.
  • the zero negative sequence component in the sample value change amount is filtered out by the following formula (2).
  • i B (t) ⁇ i B (t)- ⁇ i B02 (t)
  • This protection segment uses the full-wave Four's filter window to calculate the phasor of the zero-negative sequence of ⁇ i A (t), ⁇ i B (t), and ⁇ i C (t) after the start-up element is actuated.
  • Zero negative sequence phasor sum is reduced to zero negative sequence sample value and ⁇ i A02 (t), ⁇ i B02 (t), ⁇ i C02 (t). Then, the filter sequence for the amount of change in the sample value is completed by the equation (2).
  • the free-wave energy protection is the same for the I-segment, and the square-sum function is constructed by sampling the values of the filtered samples. Take the absolute value of the squared function difference and get
  • the free wave energy protection segment III changes the integration interval based on the ranging result and the contralateral permission command. Thereby increasing the sensitivity of the free wave energy protection III segment. In order to ensure that the fault can be reliably determined in the event of a fault in the identified area.
  • the criterion formula is expressed as follows:
  • L represents the lower limit of the integration interval
  • H represents the upper limit of the integration interval. Its value is based on Figure 5.
  • Free wave energy protection I, II and III together constitute free wave energy protection.
  • the specific logic is shown in Figure 6.
  • the current is sampled and calculated by protecting the measurement point, and a protection algorithm capable of effectively distinguishing the free-wave energy of the fault in the region and the outside is obtained.
  • the algorithm includes a free-wave energy protection fast-moving section, a basic section and a sensitive section.

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Abstract

一种基于单侧电流的半波长线路自由波能量保护方法，通过保护测量点对电流进行采样及计算，得到电流采样值的变化量（1）；启动保护元件，确定半波长线路故障的发生时间（2）；自由波能量保护段包括速动段、基本段及灵敏段，速动段、基本段及灵敏段作为动作判据对半波长线路自由波能量进行保护。该半波长线路自由波能量保护方法降低了采样的数量要求，同时解决了常规行波保护受电容式电压互感器影响的问题；具有准确、高效且可靠的优点，并且兼顾了对半波长线路保护动作的可靠性和灵敏性，保证了半波长线路的安全可靠运行。

Description

一种基于单侧电流的半波长线路自由波能量保护方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电力系统继电保护领域，具体涉及一种基于单侧电流的半波长线路自由波能量保护方法。
背景技术
在全球能源互联网概念的框架体系下，半波输电作为一种交流远距离输电技术越来越受到关注。半波输电就是指输电线路长度为电磁波在半个周期内传输的距离(频率为50赫兹(Hz)时，对应长度为3000公里)。对于半波长输电线路，由于线路的长度远大于常规输电距离，因此，其电磁波的波动特征表现明显。从而导致对于半波长线路的正常运行和故障电气特征与常规中短距离输电线路不同。常规线路保护已无法适应半波长线路的特点和运行要求。为了实现对半波长线路的保护，需要结合其故障电气特征，探讨新的保护方案和方法。
自由波是半波长输电系统的故障暂态过程中的自由分量。在半波长线路区内、外发生故障时，自由波表现出截然不同的波形特征。本发明就是利用这一特征提出的一种新型半波长线路保护方法。现有的保护方案中，行波保护在直流输是线路保护中应用较为广泛。但是也存在一些弊端。如：所需采样率极高，往往到几百K赫兹；受电容式电压互感器影响；单端量行波保护不准确等。因此，需要寻找的基于自由波的保护方法要克服以上缺点。从而提升半波长输电线路的安全性。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明实施例提供的一种基于单侧电流的半波长线路自由 波能量保护方法，能够降低对装置硬件采样率的要求，同时解决常规行波保护受电容式电压互感器影响的问题；具有准确、高效且可靠的优点，进而保证了半波长线路的安全可靠的运行。
本发明实施例的技术方案如下：
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种基于单侧电流的半波长线路自由波能量保护方法，所述半波长线路上设有保护测量点及启动元件；所述自由波能量设有三个保护段，参见图6，所述三个保护段分别为速动段(自由波能量保护I段，简称I段)、基本段(自由波能量保护II段，简称II段)及灵敏段(自由波能量保护III段，简称III段)；所述方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1，所述保护测量点对电流进行采样及计算，得到电流采样值的变化量；
步骤2，启动元件发生动作，确定半波长线路故障的发生时间；
步骤3，在所述速动段(I段)内计算所述电流采样值的变化量，得到自由波能量；判断所述速动段(I段)是否动作；
若是，则所述速动段(I段)保护动作；
若否，则进入步骤4；
步骤4，在所述基本段内计算所述电流采样值，得到自由波能量；判断所述基本段(II段)是否动作；
若是，则所述基本段(II段)保护动作；
若否，则进入步骤5；
步骤，根据故障位置及允许命令判断所述灵敏段(III段)是否动作；
若是，则所述灵敏段(III段)保护动作；
若否，则返回步骤1。
在本发明的其他实施例中，所述步骤1包括：
步骤1-1，所述保护测量点对故障发生前一周波的电流值及当前的电流 值分别进行采样，得到各相电流的故障前采样值及当前采样值；其中，采样率为每一周波取48个采样点；
步骤1-2，根据电流的故障前采样值及当前采样值，计算得到电流采样值的变化量。
优选的，所述步骤2包括：
所述启动元件发生动作，确定半波长线路故障的发生时间t：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000001
式(1)中，fset为动作定值，且fset＝0.1KA2，ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)及ΔiC(t)分别为A、B、C三相电流的突变量；Δf(t)为三相电流突变量平方和的变化量。
在本发明的其他实施例中，所述步骤3包括：
步骤3-1，所述启动元件动作的第-2到22个采样点，逐点采用半波傅氏滤序窗口，计算三相电流变化量ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)、ΔiC(t)的零序及负序变化量相量；
并计算得到
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000002
的值；其中，
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000003
及
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000004
分别为A、B、C相电流的故障后向量值；
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000005
及
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000006
分别为A、B、C相的负序电流的变化量相量值；
步骤3-2，将A、B、C相零序及负序相量和还原为A、B、C相的零序及负序和的采样值ΔiA02(t)、ΔiB02(t)、ΔiC02(t)；
步骤3-3，滤除采样值变化量中的零负序，得到滤除零序及负序后的电流变化量采样值iA(t)、iB(t)及iC(t)：
iA(t)＝ΔiA(t)-ΔiA02(t)
iB(t)＝ΔiB(t)-ΔiB02(t)
iC(t)＝ΔiC(t)-ΔiC02(t)                (2)；
式(2)中，ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)及ΔiC(t)分别为A、B、C相电流由于故障引起的t时刻的电流采样值变化量；
步骤3-4，构造平方和函数f(t)：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000007
对平方和函数差分后取绝对值，得到|df(t)|；
对|df(t)|进行积分，得到自由波能量值；
步骤3-5，判断所述自由波能量下式(4)是否成立：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000008
式(4)中，i为采样点；I为积分区间；
若式(4)不成立，则进入步骤4；
若式(4)成立，则进入3-6；
步骤3-6，在第22个采样点后，用全波傅立叶数据窗进行滤序；同时将式(4)变换为下式(5)，并判断式(5)是否成立：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000009
式(5)中，-2～45共48个采样点逐点按照0.05的步长降低k值，k的初值为5；
若式(5)不成立，则进入步骤4；
若式(5)成立，则所述速动段(I段)保护动作。
在本发明的其他实施例中，所述步骤4包括：
步骤4-1，采用全波傅氏滤序窗口，计算三相电流变化量ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)、ΔiC(t)的零序及负序变化量相量；并计算得到
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000010
的值；其中，
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000011
及
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000012
分别为A、B、C 相电流的故障后向量值；
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000013
及
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000014
分别为A、B、C相的负序电流的变化量相量值；
步骤4-2，将A、B、C相零序及负序相量和还原为A、B、C相的零序及负序和的采样值ΔiA02(t)、ΔiB02(t)、ΔiC02(t)；
步骤4-3，滤除采样值变化量中的零负序，根据式(2)得到滤除零序及负序后的电流变化量采样值iA(t)、iB(t)及iC(t)；
步骤4-4，根据式(3)构造平方和函数f(t)，对平方和函数差分后取绝对值，得到|df(t)|；对|df(t)|进行积分，得到自由波能量值；
步骤4-5，判断所述自由波能量下式(6)是否成立：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000015
式(6)中，I＝{4,…,45}  J＝{46,…,57}
若式(6)不成立，则进入步骤4；
若式(6)成立，则所述基本段(II段)保护动作。
在本发明的其他实施例中，所述步骤5包括：
根据故障位置及允许命令，判断所述灵敏段(III段)的判据公式(7)是否成立：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000016
式(7)中，L为积分区间下限，H为积分区间上限；
若接收到所述允许命令且故障位置的估算结果大于2000km时，则所述灵敏段保护动作，且积分区间I取-2～45采样点；
若接收到所述允许命令且故障位置估算结果位于{(1500-l),…,(1500+l)}l≤500km范围内时，则所述灵敏段保护动作，且积 分区间I取-2～45采样点；
若接收到所述允许命令且故障位置估算结果位于{α,…,(1500-l)},l≤500km,α≤100km范围内时，则所述灵敏段保护动作，且积分区间I为L～H，其中，
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000017
H＝48-L；
当未接到所述允许命令或故障位置估算结果为{0,…,α},α≤100km范围内时，闭锁保护，返回步骤1。
从上述的技术方案可以看出，本发明提供了一种基于单侧电流的半波长线路自由波能量保护方法，该方法中，先通过保护测量点对电流进行采样及计算，得到电流采样值的变化量；然后启动元件及将自由波能量保护段包括的速动段、基本段及灵敏段作为动作判据，从而对半波长线路进行保护，换句话说，利用故障后的自由波能量特征(即自由波能量保护段)对半波长线路进行保护。本发明实施例提出的基于自由波能量的半波长线路保护方法降低了采样的数量要求，同时解决了受电容式电压互感器影响的问题；其准确、高效且可靠，兼顾了对半波长线路保护动作可靠性和灵敏性，保证了半波长线路的安全可靠的运行。
与最接近的现有技术比，本发明实施例提供的技术方案具有以下有益效果：
1)本发明实施例所提供的技术方案中，通过对区内外故障自由波波形特征的分析，提出将自由波进行积分，即通过比较故障后自由波能量大小，区分区内外故障。以此为基础，提出了自由波能量保护速动段、基本段及灵敏段的动作判据。
2)本发明实施例所提供的技术方案，各段的滤序算法、积分区间和作用时限均不相同，从而兼顾了对半波长线路保护动作可靠性和灵敏性。
3)本发明实施例所提供的技术方案，通过保护测量点对电流进行采样 及计算，得到电流采样值的变化量，启动保护元件及将自由波能量保护段包括速动段、基本段及灵敏段；判断速动段、基本段及灵敏段是否启动保护动作。本发明实施例提出的基于自由波能量的半波长线路保护方法降低了采样的数量要求，同时解决了受电容式电压互感器影响的问题；具有准确、高效且可靠的优点，而且兼顾了对半波长线路保护动作可靠性和灵敏性，进而保证了半波长线路的安全可靠的运行。
4)本发明实施例提供的技术方案，应用广泛，具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种基于自由波能量的半波长线路保护方法的流程图；
图2是本发明的具体应用例中的半波长线路模拟仿真系统示意图；
图3是本发明的具体应用例中的自由波能量保护I段计算点示意图；
图4是本发明的具体应用例中的自由波能量保护II段计算点示意图；
图5是本发明的具体应用例中的自由波能量保护III段积分区间示意图；
图6是本发明的具体应用例中的自由波能量保护I段、II段和III段共同构成的自由波能量保护逻辑图；
图7是本发明的具体应用例中的半波长线路出口F1点三相短路故障自由波示意图；
图8是本发明的具体应用例中的半波长线路反向出口F8点三相短路故障自由波示意图；
图9是本发明的具体应用例中的半波长线路反向出口F8点三相短路故障自由波示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供一种基于单侧电流的半波长线路自由波能量保护方法，半波长线路上设有保护测量点及启动元件；自由波能量设有积分区间的保护段，保护段包括速动段、基本段及灵敏段；其中，启动元件为程序的启动算法的组成内容；方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1，保护测量点对电流进行采样及计算，得到电流采样值的变化量；
步骤2，启动元件发生动作，确定半波长线路故障的发生时间；
步骤3，在速动段内计算电流采样值的变化量，得到自由波能量；判断速动段是否动作；若是，则速动段保护动作；若否，则进入步骤4；
步骤4，在基本段内计算电流采样值，得到自由波能量；判断基本段是否动作；若是，则基本段保护动作；若否，则进入步骤5；
步骤5，根据故障位置及允许命令判断灵敏段是否动作；若是，则灵敏段保护动作；若否，则返回步骤1。
在本发明的其他实施例中，步骤1包括：
步骤1-1，保护测量点对故障发生前一周波的电流值及当前的电流值分别进行采样，得到各相电流的故障前采样值及当前采样值；其中，采样率为每一周波取48个采样点；
步骤1-2，根据电流的故障前采样值及当前采样值，计算得到电流采样值的变化量。
在本发明的其他实施例中，步骤2包括：启动元件发生动作，根据式 (1)确定半波长线路故障的发生时间t：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000018
式(1)中，fset为动作定值，且fset＝0.1KA2，ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)及ΔiC(t)分别为A、B、C三相电流的突变量；Δf(t)为三相电流突变量平方和的变化量。
在本发明的其他实施例中，步骤3包括：
步骤3-1，启动元件动作的第-2到22个采样点，逐点采用半波傅氏滤序窗口，计算三相电流变化量ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)、ΔiC(t)的零序及负序变化量相量；
并计算得到
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000019
的值；其中，
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000020
及
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000021
分别为A、B、C相电流的故障后向量值；
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000022
及
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000023
分别为A、B、C相的负序电流的变化量相量值；
步骤3-2，将A、B、C相零序及负序相量和还原为A、B、C相的零序及负序和的采样值ΔiA02(t)、ΔiB02(t)、ΔiC02(t)；
步骤3-3，滤除采样值变化量中的零负序，得到滤除零序及负序后的电流变化量采样值iA(t)、iB(t)及iC(t)：
iA(t)＝ΔiA(t)-ΔiA02(t)
iB(t)＝ΔiB(t)-ΔiB02(t)
iC(t)＝ΔiC(t)-ΔiC02(t)          (2)；
式(2)中，ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)及ΔiC(t)分别为A、B、C相电流由于故障引起的t时刻的电流采样值变化量；
步骤3-4，构造平方和函数f(t)：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000024
对平方和函数差分后取绝对值，得到|df(t)|；对|df(t)|进行积分，得到 自由波能量值；
步骤3-5，判断自由波能量下式(4)是否成立：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000025
式(4)中，i为采样点；I为积分区间；
若式(4)不成立，则进入步骤4；若式(4)成立，则进入3-6；
步骤3-6，在第22个采样点后，用全波傅立叶数据窗进行滤序；同时将式(4)变换为下式(5)，并判断式(5)是否成立：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000026
式(5)中，-2～45共48个采样点逐点按照0.05的步长降低k值，k的初值为5；
若式(5)不成立，则进入步骤4；若式(5)成立，则速动段保护动作。
在本发明的其他实施例中，步骤4包括：
步骤4-1，采用全波傅氏滤序窗口，计算三相电流变化量ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)、ΔiC(t)的零序及负序变化量相量；并计算得到
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000027
的值；其中，
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000028
及
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000029
分别为A、B、C相电流的故障后向量值；
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000030
及
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000031
分别为A、B、C相的负序电流的变化量相量值；
步骤4-2，将A、B、C相零序及负序相量和还原为A、B、C相的零序及负序和的采样值ΔiA02(t)、ΔiB02(t)、ΔiC02(t)；
步骤4-3，滤除采样值变化量中的零负序，根据式(2)得到滤除零序及负序后的电流变化量采样值iA(t)、iB(t)及iC(t)；
步骤4-4，根据式(3)构造平方和函数f(t)，对平方和函数差分后取绝对值，得到|df(t)|；对|df(t)|进行积分，得到自由波能量值；
步骤4-5，判断自由波能量下式(6)是否成立：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000032
式(6)中，I＝{4,…,45}  J＝{46,…,57}
若式(6)不成立，则进入步骤4；若式(6)成立，则基本段保护动作。
其中，步骤5包括：
根据故障位置及允许命令，判断灵敏段的判据公式(7)是否成立：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000033
式(7)中，L为积分区间下限，H为积分区间上限；
若接收到允许命令且故障位置的估算结果大于2000km时，则灵敏段保护动作，且积分区间I取-2～45采样点；
若接收到允许命令且故障位置估算结果位于{(1500-l),…,(1500+l)}l≤500km范围内时，则灵敏段保护动作，且积分区间I取-2至45采样点；
若接收到允许命令且故障位置估算结果位于{α,…,(1500-l)},l≤500km,α≤100km范围内时，则灵敏段保护动作，且积分区间I为L～H，其中，
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000034
H＝48-L；
当未接到允许命令或故障位置估算结果为{0,…,α},α≤100km范围内时，闭锁保护，返回步骤1。
本发明实施例提供一种基于自由波能量的半波长线路保护方法的具体应用例，其中，基于自由波能量的半波长线路保护方法在半波长线路模拟仿真系统中实现，半波长线路模拟仿真系统如图2所示，如下：
(1)利用启动元件确定故障发生时刻：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000035
式中：fset＝0.1kA2，ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)、ΔiC(t)为A、B、C三相电流的突变量。
启动元件的动作时间为保护元件感受到故障发生的时间。本发明实施例中，采样率取为48点每周波为例进行说明。
(2)自由波能量保护I段
自由波能量保护I段为快速段。采取半波傅立叶算法逐点滤序、逐点积分。滤序即滤除零序和负序成份，积分即求能量。
①滤序
启动元件动作的第-2到22个点，逐点采用半波傅氏滤序窗口，计算三相电流变化量ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)、ΔiC(t)的零、负序变化量相量和
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000036
将零、负序相量和还原为零负序和的采样值ΔiA02(t)、ΔiB02(t)、ΔiC02(t)。然后，利用下面的式(2)将采样值变化量中的零负序成份滤除掉。
iA(t)＝ΔiA(t)-ΔiA02(t)
iB(t)＝ΔiB(t)-ΔiB02(t)
iC(t)＝ΔiC(t)-ΔiC02(t)               (2)；
②积分
首先在式(2)的基础上构造平方和函数：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000037
对平方和函数差分后取绝对值，得到|df(t)|。然后，对|df(t)|进行积分，从而求取得到自由波的能量。再根据下面的式(4)和式(5)是否满足，判断自由波能量保护I段的是否动作。
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000038
在第22个采样点后，改用全波傅立叶数据窗进行滤序。同时，降低定值。即(4)式变为下式：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000039
式(5)中，-2～45共48个逐点按照0.05的步长降低k值，k的初值取5。
以上计算中采样点的选取计算如图3所示。
(3)自由波能量保护II段(基础段)
①滤序
本保护段在启动元件动作后，采用全波傅氏滤序窗口，计算ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)、ΔiC(t)的零负序变化量相量和
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000040
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000041
将零负序相量和还原为零负序采样值和ΔiA02(t)、ΔiB02(t)、ΔiC02(t)。然后，利用式(2)完成对采样值变化量的滤序。
②积分
自由波能量保护I段相同，通过对滤序后的变化量采样值构造平方和函数
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000042
对平方和函数差分后取绝对值，得|df(t)|。然后，通过对|df(t)|积分得到自由波能量。公式(6)为自由波能量保护II段低定值段判据表达式。
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000043
上两式中：I＝{4,…,45}  J＝{46,…,57}
以上计算中采样点的选取计算如图4所示。
(4)自由波能量保护III段
自由波能量保护III段依据测距结果和对侧允许命令，改变积分区间。从而提高自由波能量保护III段的灵敏度。以保证在确定发生区内故障的情况下，保护可以可靠动作。判据公式表达如下：
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000044
上式中，L表示积分区间下限，H表示积分区间上限。其取值依据如图5所示。
如图5所示，当接收到允许命令且故障位置估算结果大于2000km时，积分区间取-2～45点；当故障位置估算结果位于{(1500-l),…,(1500+l)}l≤500km范围内时，积分区间取-2～45点；当故障位置估算结果位于{α,…,(1500-l)},l≤500km,α≤100km范围内时，积分区间为L～H，其中
Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-000045
H＝48-L。当故障位置估算结果为{0,…,α},α≤100km范围内时，闭锁保护。
(4)自由波能量保护
自由波能量保护I段、II段和III段一起构成自由波能量保护。具体逻辑如图6所示。其中，半波长线路出口F1点三相短路故障自由波、半波长线路反向出口F8点三相短路故障自由波及半波长线路正向区外F9点三相短路故障自由波分别如图7、8及9所示。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而这些未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均在申请待批的本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本发明实施例中，本发明实施例中，通过保护测量点对电流进行采样及计算，得到能有效区分区内、外故障的自由波能量的保护算法。该算法包括自由波能量保护速动段、基本段及灵敏段。如此，本发明实施例提供的技术方案降低了常规波过程算法的采样率，同时解决了常规基于波过程的算法受电容式电压互感器影响的问题；具有准确、高效且可靠的优点，同时兼顾了对半波长线路保护动作的可靠性和灵敏性，进而保证了半波长线路的安全可靠运行。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种基于单侧电流的半波长线路自由波能量保护方法，其特征在于，所述半波长线路上设有保护测量点及启动元件；所述自由波能量设有三个保护段，所述保护段包括速动段、基本段及灵敏段；所述方法包括如下步骤：
    步骤1，所述保护测量点对电流进行采样及计算，得到电流采样值的变化量；
    步骤2，启动元件发生动作，确定半波长线路故障的发生时间；
    步骤3，在所述速动段内计算所述电流采样值的变化量，得到自由波能量；判断所述速动段是否动作；若是，则所述速动段保护动作；若否，则进入步骤4；
    步骤4，在所述基本段内计算所述电流采样值，得到自由波能量；判断所述基本段是否动作；若是，则所述基本段保护动作；若否，则进入步骤5；
    步骤5，根据故障位置及允许命令判断所述灵敏段是否动作；若是，则所述灵敏段保护动作；若否，则返回步骤1。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1包括：
    步骤1-1，所述保护测量点对故障发生前一周波的电流值及当前的电流值分别进行采样，得到各相电流的故障前采样值及当前采样值；其中，采样率为每一周波取48个采样点；
    步骤1-2，根据电流的故障前采样值及当前采样值，计算得到电流采样值的变化量。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2包括：
    所述启动元件发生动作，确定半波长线路故障的发生时间t：
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100001
    式(1)中，fset为动作定值，且fset＝0.1KA2，ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)及ΔiC(t)分别为A、B、C三相电流的突变量；Δf(t)为三相电流突变量平方和的变化量。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3包括：
    步骤3-1，所述启动元件动作的第-2到22个采样点，逐点采用半波傅氏滤序窗口，计算三相电流变化量ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)、ΔiC(t)的零序及负序变化量相量；
    并计算得到
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100002
    的值；其中，
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100003
    及
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100004
    分别为A、B、C相电流的故障后向量值；
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100005
    及
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100006
    分别为A、B、C相的负序电流的变化量相量值；
    步骤3-2，将A、B、C相零序及负序相量和还原为A、B、C相的零序及负序和的采样值ΔiA02(t)、ΔiB02(t)、ΔiC02(t)；
    步骤3-3，滤除采样值变化量中的零负序，得到滤除零序及负序后的电流变化量采样值iA(t)、iB(t)及iC(t)：
    iA(t)＝ΔiA(t)-ΔiA02(t)
    iB(t)＝ΔiB(t)-ΔiB02(t)
    iC(t)＝ΔiC(t)-ΔiC02(t)                        (2)；
    式(2)中，ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)及ΔiC(t)分别为A、B、C相电流由于故障引起的t时刻的电流采样值变化量；
    步骤3-4，构造平方和函数f(t)：
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100007
    对平方和函数差分后取绝对值，得到|df(t)|；
    对|df(t)|进行积分，得到自由波能量值；
    步骤3-5，判断所述自由波能量下式(4)是否成立：
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100008
    式(4)中，i为采样点；I为积分区间；
    若式(4)不成立，则进入步骤4；
    若式(4)成立，则进入3-6；
    步骤3-6，在第22个采样点后，用全波傅立叶数据窗进行滤序；同时将式(4)变换为下式(5)，并判断式(5)是否成立：
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100009
    式(5)中，-2～45共48个采样点逐点按照0.05的步长降低k值，k的初值为5；
    若式(5)不成立，则进入步骤4；
    若式(5)成立，则所述速动段保护动作。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4包括：
    步骤4-1，采用全波傅氏滤序窗口，计算三相电流变化量ΔiA(t)、ΔiB(t)、ΔiC(t)的零序及负序变化量相量；并计算得到
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100010
    的值；其中，
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100011
    及
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100012
    分别为A、B、C相电流的故障后向量值；
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100013
    及
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100014
    分别为A、B、C相的负序电流的变化量相量值；
    步骤4-2，将A、B、C相零序及负序相量和还原为A、B、C相的零序及负序和的采样值ΔiA02(t)、ΔiB02(t)、ΔiC02(t)；
    步骤4-3，滤除采样值变化量中的零负序，根据式(2)得到滤除零 序及负序后的电流变化量采样值iA(t)、iB(t)及iC(t)；
    步骤4-4，根据式(3)构造平方和函数f(t)，对平方和函数差分后取绝对值，得到|df(t)|；对|df(t)|进行积分，得到自由波能量值；
    步骤4-5，判断所述自由波能量下式(6)是否成立：
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100015
    式(6)中，I＝{4,…,45}J＝{46,…,57}
    若式(6)不成立，则进入步骤4；
    若式(6)成立，则所述基本段保护动作。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤5包括：
    根据故障位置及允许命令，判断所述灵敏段的判据公式(7)是否成立：
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100016
    式(7)中，L为积分区间下限，H为积分区间上限；
    若接收到所述允许命令且故障位置的估算结果大于2000km时，则所述灵敏段保护动作，且积分区间I取-2～45采样点；
    若接收到所述允许命令且故障位置估算结果位于{(1500-l),…,(1500+l)}l≤500km范围内时，则所述灵敏段保护动作，且积分区间I取-2～45采样点；
    若接收到所述允许命令且故障位置估算结果位于{α,…,(1500-l)},l≤500km,α≤100km范围内时，则所述灵敏段保护动作，且积分区间I为L～H，其中，
    Figure PCTCN2016090330-appb-100017
    H＝48-L；
    当未接到所述允许命令或故障位置估算结果为{0,…,α},α≤100km范 围内时，闭锁保护，返回步骤1。
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