WO2017133132A1 - 线性振动马达 - Google Patents

线性振动马达 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017133132A1
WO2017133132A1 PCT/CN2016/082479 CN2016082479W WO2017133132A1 WO 2017133132 A1 WO2017133132 A1 WO 2017133132A1 CN 2016082479 W CN2016082479 W CN 2016082479W WO 2017133132 A1 WO2017133132 A1 WO 2017133132A1
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Prior art keywords
block
vibration
magnetic conductive
vibrator
magnetic
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2016/082479
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
祖峰磊
刘春发
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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Priority to US16/075,560 priority Critical patent/US11133735B2/en
Publication of WO2017133132A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017133132A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/16—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with polarised armatures moving in alternate directions by reversal or energisation of a single coil system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of consumer electronics, and more particularly to a linear vibration motor for use in portable consumer electronics.
  • micro-vibration motors are generally used for system feedback, such as incoming call prompts of mobile phones, vibration feedback of game machines, and the like.
  • system feedback such as incoming call prompts of mobile phones, vibration feedback of game machines, and the like.
  • various internal components also need to adapt to this trend, and micro-vibration motors are no exception.
  • the existing miniature vibration motor generally includes an upper cover, a lower cover that forms a vibration space with the upper cover, a vibrator (including a weight and a permanent magnet) that linearly reciprocates in the vibration space, connects the upper cover, and reciprocates the vibrator A vibrating elastic support and a stator coil located a distance below the vibrator.
  • a vibrator including a weight and a permanent magnet
  • the force for driving the vibrator is entirely derived from the magnetic field force between the vibrator and the stator coil, due to the change in the position of the vibrator relative to the stator coil, and the magnitude of the current passing through the stator coil.
  • the change in direction and direction causes the magnitude of the force of the vibrator to change, resulting in a nonlinear change in the vibration of the vibrator, affecting the balance of vibration of the electronic product.
  • the resonance principle is used in the prior art, and a relatively large magnetic field driving force is used to drive a vibrator having a large mass to achieve resonance, thereby obtaining a large vibration feeling.
  • this driving mode it is inevitable that the system will respond slowly.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a linear vibration motor in which a magnetic block is used in place of a stator coil, and a self-driving action between the magnetic conductive block and the permanent magnet enables the product to be easily obtained during free vibration. Larger vibration and reduced system startup time through self-driven operation.
  • the present invention provides a linear vibration motor including a housing, a vibrator, and a stator fixed to the housing and disposed in parallel with the vibrator, wherein the vibrator includes a vibrating block; the vibrating block includes at least one permanent magnet, the stator includes a magnetic conducting block; and the magnetic conducting block
  • the magnetic field force is the same as and/or opposite to the vibration direction of the vibrator; wherein, when the vibrator is in an equilibrium state, the resultant force of the magnetic field force is zero; when the magnetic conductive block is subjected to the excitation force in the vibration direction of the vibrator and the vibrator When a relative displacement occurs, the direction of the resultant force of the magnetic field force is the same as the direction of the relative displacement, and the resultant force of the magnetic field force is proportional to the magnitude of the relative displacement.
  • the magnetic conductive blocks are symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed on the upper and lower sides of the vibration block; or the magnetic conductive blocks are disposed on one side of the vibration block.
  • the vibration block comprises three adjacent permanent magnets; the three adjacent permanent magnets are magnetized horizontally, and the adjacent ends of the adjacent permanent magnets have the same polarity;
  • the magnetic conductive block is provided with two pieces symmetrically located on the upper side and the lower side of the vibration block; and the two magnetic conductive blocks are symmetrically arranged corresponding to the permanent magnets at the intermediate position of the vibration block.
  • the vibration block comprises a permanent magnet; the magnetic conductive block is provided with two pieces, and both are located on the upper side or the lower side of the vibration block; the two magnetic conductive blocks respectively correspond to the left end and the right end of the permanent magnet, and The central axis of the permanent magnet is symmetrical.
  • the vibration block comprises three permanent magnets disposed adjacent to each other, and the three adjacent permanent magnets are magnetized in the horizontal direction, and the adjacent ends of the adjacent permanent magnets have the same polarity;
  • the block is six blocks, and the magnetic blocks are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the three adjacent permanent magnets.
  • the vibration block comprises three permanent magnets disposed adjacent to each other, and the three adjacent permanent magnets are magnetized in the horizontal direction, and the adjacent ends of the adjacent permanent magnets have the same polarity;
  • the block is provided with two blocks; two magnet blocks are asymmetrically disposed on the upper and lower sides of the vibrating block; and the magnetism blocks asymmetrically disposed on the upper and lower sides of the vibrating block are symmetric about the center of the vibrating block.
  • the magnetic conductive block has a U-shaped cross section; the magnetic conductive block is provided with an extension portion for collecting magnetism at both ends of the permanent magnet.
  • a magnetic gap is formed between the magnetic conductive block and the permanent magnet of the corresponding vibration block; and the magnetic fluid is disposed in the magnetic gap.
  • the external excitation force received by the magnetic conductive block is generated by the excitation force generating component;
  • the excitation force generating component is a push-pull structure symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the vibration block.
  • the method further includes a mass
  • the push-pull structure comprises a push-pull magnet and a voice coil disposed on one side or the upper and lower sides of the push-pull magnet; the vibration block and the push-pull magnet are disposed in the middle of the mass Inside the groove.
  • the existing motor design idea that is driven only by the magnetic field force of the vibrator and the coil is jumped out, and the magnetic conductive block replaces the stator coil, and the vibration can be completely passed through the magnetic conductive block and
  • the interaction between the permanent magnets achieves the purpose of self-driving, and when it is in a free vibration state, as long as the self-driving force of the portion is sufficiently large, a large vibrational feeling can be easily obtained, and compared with the prior art.
  • the self-driven working mode described above can greatly shorten the time required for system startup.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded perspective view of a linear vibration motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a linear vibration motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • 3-1 shows a schematic diagram 1 of a linear vibration motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • 3-2 shows a schematic diagram 2 of a linear vibration motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a linear vibration motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 5-1 shows a schematic diagram 1 of a linear vibration motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5-2 shows a schematic diagram 2 of a linear vibration motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a linear vibration motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7-1 shows a schematic diagram 1 of a linear vibration motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7-2 shows a schematic diagram 2 of a linear vibration motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a linear vibration motor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 8-1 is a schematic diagram 1 showing the principle of a linear vibration motor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8-2 shows a schematic diagram 2 of a linear vibration motor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a linear vibration motor according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 9-1 is a schematic diagram 1 showing the principle of a linear vibration motor according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • 9-2 shows a schematic diagram 2 of a linear vibration motor according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • weights used in the description of the following detailed description may also be referred to as "weights”, both of which refer to high quality, high density metal blocks that are fixed with vibration generating vibration blocks to enhance vibration balance.
  • the present invention is mainly applied to the improvement of the micro vibration motor, but does not exclude the application of the technique of the present invention to a large vibration motor.
  • the meanings of the "linear vibration motor” and the “micro vibration motor” are the same.
  • the linear vibration motor provided by the present invention replaces the stator coil with a magnetic conductive block, thereby overcoming the problem.
  • the stator coil has an imbalance of force due to a change in the direction of energization and an unstable current, effectively enhancing the balance of vibration of the micro-vibration motor.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded structure of a linear vibration motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional structure of a linear vibration motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a linear vibration motor including a housing, a vibrator, and a stator fixed to the housing and disposed in parallel with the vibrator, wherein the vibrator includes a mass 9 and is disposed intermediate the mass 9.
  • the central vibration block includes at least one permanent magnet
  • the stator includes magnetic conductive blocks 3a, 3b fixed to the outer casing, and the magnetic conductive blocks 3a, 3b receive the same direction in the vibration direction of the vibrator And/or the opposite magnetic field force; where, when the vibrator In the equilibrium state, the resultant force of the magnetic field force is zero; when the magnetic conductive blocks 3a, 3b are subjected to the exciting force and the relative displacement of the vibrator in the vibration direction of the vibrator, the resultant force direction of the magnetic field force is the same as the direction of the relative displacement, and The magnitude of the combined force of the magnetic field forces is proportional to the magnitude of the relative displacement.
  • the outer casing includes an upper casing 1 having a rectangular parallelepiped structure and a lower casing 11 having a plate-like structure fixedly coupled to the upper casing 1.
  • the vibration block can be set as a permanent magnet or two permanent magnets.
  • the magnetic conductive block can be symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed with the upper and lower sides of the vibration block. Both sides, or the magnetically permeable blocks may be disposed on one side of the vibrating block, and various modifications made without departing from the scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
  • the vibration block includes three adjacent permanent magnets; the three adjacent permanent magnets are horizontally magnetized, and the adjacent ends of the adjacent permanent magnets have the same polarity; and the magnetic block is provided with Two blocks, two magnet blocks are symmetrically disposed on the upper side and the lower side of the vibrating block, and both of the magnet blocks are disposed corresponding to the permanent magnets at the intermediate position of the vibrating block.
  • the vibration block comprises a permanent magnet
  • the magnetic conductive block is provided with two pieces
  • the two magnetic conductive blocks are located on the upper side or the lower side of the vibration block; specifically, the two magnetic conductive blocks respectively correspond to the left end and the right end of the permanent magnet And is symmetric about the central axis of the permanent magnet.
  • the vibration block includes three permanent magnets disposed adjacent to each other, and the three adjacent permanent magnets are magnetized horizontally, and the adjacent ends of the adjacent permanent magnets have the same polarity, and the magnetic conductive blocks are six. Six magnetic blocks are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of three adjacent permanent magnets.
  • the vibration block includes three permanent magnets disposed adjacent to each other, and the three adjacent permanent magnets are magnetized in the horizontal direction, and the adjacent ends of the adjacent permanent magnets have the same polarity;
  • the magnetic conductive block is provided with two blocks. Two magnetic conductive blocks are asymmetrically disposed on the upper and lower sides of the vibration block; and the magnetic conductive blocks asymmetrically disposed on the upper and lower sides of the vibration block are symmetric about the center of the vibration block.
  • the central vibration block includes three permanent magnets that are adjacently disposed and magnetized in the horizontal direction, and the adjacent ends of the adjacent permanent magnets have the same polarity, and the magnetic conductive blocks have a sheet-like structure.
  • the upper and lower sides of the permanent magnet are disposed at the intermediate position of the center vibration block, and are symmetrical with respect to the center of the center vibration block.
  • the central vibration block includes the first permanent magnet 7a, the second permanent magnet 7b, and the third permanent magnet 7c which are sequentially arranged, and the first yoke 8a is disposed between the first permanent magnet 7a and the second permanent magnet 7b.
  • a second yoke 8b is disposed between the second permanent magnet 7b and the third permanent magnet 7c, and the second permanent magnet a first magnetic conductive block 3a is disposed on the upper side of the second permanent magnet 7b, and a second magnetic conductive block 3b is disposed on the lower side of the second permanent magnet 7b.
  • the first magnetic conductive block 3a and the second magnetic conductive block 3b are both fixed on the outer casing. There is a certain gap between the second permanent magnet 7b and the second permanent magnet 7b.
  • first magnetic conductive block 3a and the second magnetic conductive block 3b are symmetrically distributed with respect to the second permanent magnet 7b, and when the vibrator is in a balanced stationary state, the first magnetic conductive block 3a and the second magnetic conductive block 3b and the first The distance between the ends of the permanent magnet 7a and the third permanent magnet 7c is the same.
  • 3-1 and 3-2 respectively show the principle structure of the stationary state and the vibration state of the linear vibration motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first magnetic conductive block 3a receives two magnetic force forces F1 and F2 of the same magnitude and opposite directions; when the first magnetic conductive block 3a
  • the relative displacement d to the right of the vibrator is excited by the excitation force in the vibration direction of the vibrator (including the permanent magnets 7a, 7b, 7c and the yokes 8a, 8b disposed between the adjacent permanent magnets)
  • the first guide The magnetic field force F1 received by the magnet block 3a is smaller than F2, that is, the displacement of the first magnetic conductive block 3a (because the magnetic block is fixed to the outer casing, where the displacement is a relative displacement with the permanent magnet) changes to d
  • FIGS. 5-1 and 5-2 are schematic structural views of a linear vibration motor in a stationary state and a vibration state, respectively, according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the magnetic conductive blocks are asymmetrically disposed on the upper and lower sides of the central vibration block; and the magnetic conductive blocks asymmetrically disposed on the upper and lower sides of the central vibration block are vibrated about the center.
  • the center of the block is symmetrical.
  • the central vibration block comprises three first permanent magnets 7a, second permanent magnets 7b and third permanent magnets 7c disposed adjacently, and three adjacent permanent magnets are magnetized horizontally, and adjacent ones Yong The abutting ends of the magnets have the same polarity; the magnetic conducting blocks are two pieces, and the two magnetic conducting blocks are asymmetrically distributed with respect to the horizontal direction of the permanent magnets.
  • the first magnetic conductive block 3a is disposed on the upper side of the first permanent magnet 7a, and the second magnetic conductive block 3b is disposed on the lower side of the third permanent magnet 7c; or, the first magnetic conductive block is disposed on the third permanent magnet On the upper side, the second magnetic conductive block is disposed on the lower side of the first permanent magnet; wherein the first magnetic conductive block and the second magnetic conductive block are symmetrically distributed with respect to the center of the second permanent magnet.
  • the first yoke 8a is provided between the first permanent magnet 7a and the second permanent magnet 7b
  • the second yoke 8b is provided between the second permanent magnet 7b and the third permanent magnet 7c.
  • FIGS. 7-1 and 7-2 are schematic structural views of a stationary state and a vibration state of a linear vibration motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
  • the magnetic conductive block in order to increase the magnetic permeability of the magnetic conductive block and increase the vibration amplitude of the vibrator, is set to six blocks, which are respectively symmetrically arranged in three adjacent ones.
  • the upper and lower sides of the permanent magnet that is, the upper and lower sides of each permanent magnet of the central vibration block are provided with a magnetic conductive block.
  • the central vibration block comprises three first permanent magnets 7a, second permanent magnets 7b and third permanent magnets 7c disposed adjacently, and three adjacent permanent magnets are magnetized horizontally, and adjacent ones The abutting ends of the permanent magnets have the same polarity; the magnetic conductive blocks are six, and the magnetic conductive blocks are symmetrically disposed on the upper and lower sides of the three adjacent permanent magnets, including the first pair on the upper and lower sides of the first permanent magnets 7a.
  • the permanent magnet in the central vibration block can also be increased/reduced according to the actual product requirement.
  • more than three permanent magnets are used to form the central vibration block in the above manner, and the central vibration block is A magnetic block is arranged on the upper and lower sides of each permanent magnet to enhance the force between the magnetic block and the vibrator, and enhance the vibration of the linear vibration motor.
  • FIGS. 8-1 and 8-2 are schematic structural views of a linear vibration motor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention in a stationary state and a vibration state, respectively.
  • a magnetic gap is formed between the magnetic conductive block and the permanent magnet of the corresponding vibration block, and the magnetic fluid 12 is disposed in the magnetic gap.
  • the flexible magnetic conductive member may be a magnetic fluid 12, wherein the magnetic fluid 12 is a magnetic colloidal substance, mainly referring to nano-sized magnetic particles (nickel, Cobalt, iron oxide, etc.)
  • the outer layer of the long-chain surfactant is uniformly dispersed in a base liquid such as water, an organic solvent or an oil to form a uniform and stable colloidal solution.
  • the vibration block and the magnetic conductive block provided corresponding to the vibration block can be assembled first, and then the magnetic fluid is inserted into the magnetic gap between the permanent magnet and the magnetic conductive block, because The magnetic magnetic fluid of itself is actively adsorbed on the surface of the permanent magnet.
  • the magnetic fluid mainly plays the role of enhancing the magnetic permeability between the vibrator and the magnetic block.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a linear vibration motor according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 9-1 and 9-2 respectively show the stationary state and the vibration state of the linear vibration motor according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. Principle structure.
  • the magnetic conductive blocks 3a, 3b may also be designed as a special-shaped structure, such as a U-shaped structure, etc.
  • the magnet block obtains as much magnetic flux as possible, thereby enhancing the vibration of the linear vibration motor.
  • the magnetic conductive block shown in FIG. 9 has a U-shaped cross section (including an inverted U shape), and an extension portion for collecting magnetism is disposed at both ends of the magnetic conductive block corresponding to the permanent magnet.
  • the structure of the vibrator in each of the above embodiments is exemplified by three permanent magnets, and the structure of one or more permanent magnets is similar to that of three permanent magnets, and will not be described herein.
  • the excitation force generating member of the magnetic conductive block may be provided, and the excitation force generating member generates an exciting force to disturb the vibrator vibration, and is not limited thereto.
  • the excitation force generating member may be a push-pull structure symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the vibration block.
  • the push-pull structure comprises push-pull magnets 5a, 5a', 5b, 5b' and push-pull coils 2a, 2a', 2b, 2b' disposed on one side or upper and lower sides of the push-pull magnet;
  • the vibrator includes a mass 9.
  • a relief structure for escaping the stator and the push-pull coil is disposed in the middle of the mass block 9; a groove for accommodating the central vibration block and the push-pull structure is disposed in the mass block; the central vibration block and the push-pull structure may be glued The way is fixed in the groove.
  • a groove corresponding to the structure of the vibrator is disposed at a central portion of the mass, and the vibrator is fixed in the groove.
  • Two pairs of (four) push-pull magnet fixing slots are disposed at two ends of the groove, and the push-pull magnets are housed in the push-pull magnet fixing slots, wherein each of the push-pull magnet fixing slots is provided with two pushes of the upper and lower structures a pull magnet and a yoke 6a, 6b between the two push-pull magnets, each push-pull magnet
  • Corresponding push-pull coils are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the fixing groove.
  • the push-pull coil is arranged in parallel with the push-pull magnet, and an alternating current signal is input into the push-pull coil to excite the magnetic block to force, thereby driving the vibration block to vibrate, and realizing the vibration of the linear vibration motor; when the vibrator starts to reciprocate along the vibration direction During the movement, in the subsequent vibration process, the push-pull magnet and the push-pull coil are not required to continuously provide the driving force, and the vibrator can vibrate only by the interaction force between the magnetic conductive block and the magnet in the vibration block.
  • the push-pull coil may be symmetrically disposed on one side of the push-pull magnet or symmetrically disposed on the upper and lower sides of the push-pull magnet.
  • the structure of the push-pull magnet is not limited to the two pairs of structures shown in the drawings. According to the needs of the product, the number and position of the push-pull magnet and the push-pull coil in the push-pull structure can be flexibly set. For example, a set of push-pull magnets and pushes corresponding to the push-pull magnets are respectively disposed on both sides of the groove of the fixed vibration block.
  • the coil is wound, and the push-pull coil is disposed on one side of the push-pull magnet, or the push-pull coil is asymmetrically disposed on the upper and lower sides of the push-pull magnet, and the vibrator can be provided with disturbance power.
  • the linear vibration motor of the present invention further includes a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) 4 and an elastic support member 10; wherein the flexible circuit board 4 is fixedly connected to the outer casing; and the push-pull coil passes through the flexible circuit board 4.
  • the circuit is in communication with an external circuit.
  • the elastic support members 10 are respectively disposed at the left and right ends of the mass block 9, and the push-pull structure is disposed between the elastic support member 10 and the vibration block, and the elastic support member 10 is fixed between the vibrator and the outer casing to vibrate the vibrator. Provides elastic resilience.
  • the vibrator moves toward one end of the linear vibration motor until the resultant force of the two magnetic force forces is less than the elastic restoring force of the elastic support member at one end of the mass block. , thereby moving in the opposite direction until the resultant force of the two magnetic field forces is less than the elastic restoring force of the elastic support at the other end of the mass, thereby achieving the reciprocating motion of the vibrator.
  • the mass may be made of a high-density metal material such as a tungsten steel block or a nickel steel block or a nickel-tungsten alloy to increase the vibration force and make the vibration of the electronic product stronger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种线性振动马达，包括外壳、振子以及固定在外壳上并且与振子平行设置的定子。振子包括振动块，振动块包括至少一个永磁铁(7a，7b，7c)；定子包括导磁块(3a，3b)，导磁块受到与振子的振动方向相同和/或相反的磁场力的作用。其中，当振子处于平衡状态时，磁场力的合力为零；当导磁块受到激发力的作用在振子的振动方向上与振子发生相对位移时，磁场力的合力方向与相对位移的方向相同，且磁场力的合力大小与相对位移的大小成正比例关系。采用导磁块替代定子线圈，导磁块与永磁铁之间相互作用以实现线性振动。

Description

线性振动马达 技术领域
本发明涉及消费电子技术领域，更为具体地，涉及一种应用于便携式消费电子产品的线性振动马达。
背景技术
随着通信技术的发展，便携式电子产品，如手机、掌上游戏机或者掌上多媒体娱乐设备等进入人们的生活。在这些便携式电子产品中，一般会用微型振动马达来做系统反馈，例如手机的来电提示、游戏机的振动反馈等。然而，随着电子产品的轻薄化发展趋势，其内部的各种元器件也需适应这种趋势，微型振动马达也不例外。
现有的微型振动马达，一般包括上盖、与上盖形成振动空间的下盖、在振动空间内做直线往复振动的振子(包括配重块和永磁铁)、连接上盖并使振子做往复振动的弹性支撑件、以及位于振子下方一段距离的定子线圈。
在上述这种结构的微型振动马达中，驱动振子振动的力量全部来源于振子和定子线圈之间的磁场力，由于振子振动过程中相对于定子线圈位置的改变，以及通过定子线圈的电流的大小和方向的变化，使得振子的受力大小发生变化，从而导致振子的振动产生非线性的变化，影响到电子产品的振感平衡。另外，现有技术中使用的是谐振原理，利用较小的磁场驱动力驱动质量较大的振子，使其达到谐振，从而获得较大的振感。但在这种驱动方式下，不可避免的会造成系统响应的缓慢。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种线性振动马达，以导磁块替代定子线圈，通过导磁块与永磁铁之间的自驱动作用，使产品在自由振动过程中能够比较容易的获得较大的振感，同时通过自驱动的工作方式缩短系统启动的时间。
本发明提供一种线性振动马达，包括外壳、振子以及固定在外壳上并且与振子平行设置的定子，其中，振子包括振动块；振动块包括至少一个永磁铁，定子包括导磁块；导磁块受到与振子的振动方向相同和/或者相反的磁场力的作用；其中，当振子处于平衡状态时，磁场力的合力为零；当导磁块受到激发力的作用在振子的振动方向上与振子发生相对位移时，磁场力的合力方向与相对位移的方向相同，且，磁场力的合力大小与相对位移的大小成正比例关系。
其中，优选的方案是，导磁块对称或不对称分布于振动块的上下两侧；或者，导磁块设置于振动块的一侧。
其中，优选的方案是，振动块包括三块相邻接设置的永磁铁；三块相邻接的永磁铁均为水平方向充磁，且，相邻接的永磁铁的邻接端极性相同；导磁块设有两块，对称位于振动块的上侧和下侧；并且，两块导磁块均对应振动块的中间位置的永磁铁对称设置。
其中，优选的方案是，振动块包括一块永磁铁；导磁块设置有两块，并且均位于振动块的上侧或下侧；两块导磁块分别对应永磁铁的左端和右端分布，并且关于永磁铁的中心轴线对称。
其中，优选的方案是，振动块包括三块邻接设置的永磁铁，三块相邻接的永磁铁均为水平方向充磁，且，相邻接的永磁铁的邻接端极性相同；导磁块为六块，导磁块分别对称设置在三块相邻接的永磁铁的上下两侧。
其中，优选的方案是，振动块包括三块邻接设置的永磁铁，三块相邻接的永磁铁均为水平方向充磁，且，相邻接的永磁铁的邻接端极性相同；导磁块设有两块；两块导磁块非对称设置在振动块的上下两侧；并且，非对称设置在振动块上下两侧的导磁块关于振动块的中心对称。
其中，优选的方案是，导磁块的截面呈U形；导磁块对应永磁铁的两端设置有用于聚磁的延伸部。
其中，优选的方案是，导磁块与相对应的振动块的永磁铁之间形成磁间隙；在磁间隙中设置有磁液。
其中，优选的方案是，导磁块受到的外界激发力由激发力生成部件产生；激发力生成部件为对称设置在振动块的左右两侧的推挽结构。
其中，优选的方案是，还包括质量块，推挽结构包括推挽磁铁以及设置在推挽磁铁一侧或上、下两侧的音圈；振动块与推挽磁铁均设置于质量块中部的凹槽内。
利用上述根据本发明的线性振动马达，跳出了现有的仅仅由振子和线圈的磁场力提供驱动的马达设计思路，以导磁块替代定子线圈，在振动过程中，可完全通过导磁块与永磁铁之间的相互作用达到自驱动的目的，在其处于自由振动状态时，只要该部分自驱动力足够大，就会很容易的获得较大的振感，并且，相较于现有技术中的谐振工作原理而言，通过上述自驱动的工作方式可以大大缩短系统启动所需要的时间。
为了实现上述以及相关目的，本发明的一个或多个方面包括后面将详细说明并在权利要求中特别指出的特征。下面的说明以及附图详细说明了本发明的某些示例性方面。然而，这些方面指示的仅仅是可使用本发明的原理的各种方式中的一些方式。此外，本发明旨在包括所有这些方面以及它们的等同物。
附图说明
通过参考以下结合附图的说明及权利要求书的内容，并且随着对本发明的更全面理解，本发明的其它目的及结果将更加明白及易于理解。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明实施例一的线性振动马达的分解结构示意图；
图2示出了根据本发明实施例一的线性振动马达的剖面结构示意图；
图3-1示出了根据本发明实施例一的线性振动马达的原理示意图一；
图3-2示出了根据本发明实施例一的线性振动马达的原理示意图二；
图4示出了根据本发明实施例二的线性振动马达的剖面结构示意图；
图5-1示出了根据本发明实施例二的线性振动马达的原理示意图一；
图5-2示出了根据本发明实施例二的线性振动马达的原理示意图二；
图6示出了根据本发明实施例三的线性振动马达的剖面结构示意图；
图7-1示出了根据本发明实施例三的线性振动马达的原理示意图一；
图7-2示出了根据本发明实施例三的线性振动马达的原理示意图二；
图8示出了根据本发明实施例四的线性振动马达的剖面结构示意图；
图8-1示出了根据本发明实施例四的线性振动马达的原理示意图一；
图8-2示出了根据本发明实施例四的线性振动马达的原理示意图二；
图9示出了根据本发明实施例五的线性振动马达的剖面结构示意图；
图9-1示出了根据本发明实施例五的线性振动马达的原理示意图一；
图9-2示出了根据本发明实施例五的线性振动马达的原理示意图二。
在所有附图中相同的标号指示相似或相应的特征或功能。
具体实施方式
在下面的描述中，出于说明的目的，为了提供对一个或多个实施例的全面理解，阐述了许多具体细节。然而，很明显，也可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实现这些实施例。在其它例子中，为了便于描述一个或多个实施例，公知的结构和设备以方框图的形式示出。
在下述具体实施方式的描述中所用到的“质量块”也可以称作“配重块”，均指与产生振动的振动块固定以加强振动平衡的高质量、高密度金属块。
另外，本发明主要用于微型振动马达的改进，但是也不排除将本发明中的技术应用于大型振动马达。但是为了表述的方面，在以下的实施例描述中，“线性振动马达”和“微型振动马达”表示的含义相同。
为详细描述本发明的线性振动马达的结构，以下将结合附图对本发明的具体实施例进行详细描述。
为了解决现有的微型振动马达结构中由于振子的磁铁和定子线圈提供的驱动力不均衡而造成的振感不平衡问题，本发明提供的线性振动马达，以导磁块替代定子线圈，克服了定子线圈由于通电方向的改变和电流大小不稳定所导致的受力不均衡问题，有效增强微型振动马达的振感平衡。
实施例一
图1示出了根据本发明的实施例一的线性振动马达的分解结构；图2示出了根据本发明实施例一的线性振动马达的剖面结构。
如图1和图2共同所示，本发明提供的线性振动马达，包括外壳、振子以及固定在外壳上并且与振子平行设置的定子，其中，振子包括质量块9和设置在质量块9中间位置的中心振动块(或振动块，下同)，中心振动块包括至少一块永磁铁；定子包括固定于外壳上的导磁块3a、3b，导磁块3a、3b在振子的振动方向受到方向相同和/或者相反的磁场力的作用；其中，当振子处 于平衡状态时，磁场力的合力为零；当导磁块3a、3b受到激发力的作用在振子的振动方向上与振子发生相对位移时，磁场力的合力方向与相对位移的方向相同，并且，磁场力的合力大小与相对位移的大小成正比例关系。
其中，外壳包括长方体结构的上壳1以及与上壳1适配连接固定的板状结构的下壳11。
需要说明的是，振动块可以设置为一块永磁铁或者两块永磁铁等多种形式，在振动块设置为多块永磁铁的情况下，导磁块可以对称或者不对称分布与振动块的上下两侧，或者，导磁块可以设置于振动块的一侧，在不脱离本发明内容的基础上做出的各种改进均在本发明的保护范围内。
例如，振动块包括三块相邻接的永磁铁；三块相邻接的永磁铁均为水平方向充磁，且，相邻接的永磁铁的邻接端极性相同；而导磁块设有两块，两块导磁块对称设置在振动块的上侧和下侧，并且，两块导磁块均对应振动块的中间位置的永磁铁设置。
或者振动块包括一块永磁铁，导磁块设置有两块，并且两块导磁块均位于振动块的上侧或下侧；具体的，两块导磁块分别对应永磁铁的左端和右端分布，并且关于永磁铁的中心轴线对称。
或者，振动块包括三块邻接设置的永磁铁，三块相邻接的永磁铁均为水平方向充磁，且，相邻接的永磁铁的邻接端极性相同，导磁块为六块，六块导磁块分别对称设置在三块相邻接的永磁铁的上下两侧。
或者，振动块包括三块邻接设置的永磁铁，三块相邻接的永磁铁均为水平方向充磁，且，相邻接的永磁铁的邻接端极性相同；导磁块设有两块；两块导磁块非对称设置在振动块的上下两侧；并且，非对称设置在振动块上下两侧的导磁块关于振动块的中心对称。
在图1所示的实施例中，中心振动块包括三块邻接设置、水平方向充磁的永磁铁，并且相邻接设置的永磁铁的邻接端极性相同，导磁块为片状结构，设置在中心振动块的中间位置的永磁铁的上下两侧，并且相对于中心振动块的中心对称。
换言之，中心振动块包括依次排列的第一永磁铁7a、第二永磁铁7b和第三永磁铁7c，在第一永磁铁7a和第二永磁铁7b之间设置有第一导磁轭8a，在第二永磁铁7b与第三永磁铁7c之间设置有第二导磁轭8b，在第二永磁铁 7b的上侧设置有第一导磁块3a，在第二永磁铁7b的下侧设置有第二导磁块3b，第一导磁块3a和第二导磁块3b均固定在外壳上，且与第二永磁铁7b之间存在一定的间隙。其中，第一导磁块3a和第二导磁块3b关于第二永磁铁7b呈对称分布，并且在振子处于平衡静止状态时，第一导磁块3a和第二导磁块3b与第一永磁铁7a和第三永磁铁7c的端部之间的距离相同。
图3-1和图3-2分别示出了根据本发明实施例一的线性振动马达的静止状态及振动状态的原理结构。
如图3-1和图3-2共同所示，在振子处于平衡状态时，第一导磁块3a受到的两个大小相同、方向相反的磁场力F1、F2；当第一导磁块3a受到激发力在振子(包括永磁铁7a、7b、7c以及设置在邻接设置的永磁铁之间的导磁轭8a、8b)的振动方向上与振子发生向右的相对位移d时，第一导磁块3a受到的磁场力F1小于F2，即第一导磁块3a的位移(由于导磁块是固定在外壳上的，此处的位移为与永磁铁之间的相对位移)变动为d时，第一导磁块3a所受到的磁场力dF＝F2-F1＝Kd>0，其中，K为导磁块受到磁场力的比例系数，K与导磁块、永磁铁的尺寸以及二者之间的位置有关。同理，第二导磁块3b受到的磁场力dF＝F4-F3＝Kd>0，在第一导磁块3a和第二导磁块3b的共同作用下，驱动振动块沿与导磁块所在平面平行的方向振动。
可知，在导磁块在振子的振动方向上与振子发生相对位移时，两个磁场力的合力方向与导磁块相对位移的方向相同，并且，两个磁场力的合力大小与相对位移的大小成正比例关系，从而实现导磁块的逆刚度变化，确保振子能够产生谐振，振感效果更加显著。
实施例二
图4为根据本发明实施例二的线性振动马达的剖面结构；图5-1和图5-2分别为根据本发明实施例二的线性振动马达的静止状态及振动状态下的原理结构。
在图4至图5-2所示的实施例二中，导磁块非对称设置在中心振动块的上下两侧；并且，非对称设置在中心振动块上下两侧的导磁块关于中心振动块的中心对称。
其中，中心振动块包括三块邻接设置的第一永磁铁7a、第二永磁铁7b和第三永磁铁7c，三块相邻接的永磁铁均为水平方向充磁，并且，相邻接的永 磁铁的邻接端极性相同；导磁块为两块，两块导磁块关于永磁铁的水平方向呈非对称分布。例如，第一导磁块3a设置在第一永磁铁7a的上侧，第二导磁块3b设置在第三永磁铁7c的下侧；或者，第一导磁块设置在第三永磁铁的上侧，第二导磁块设置在第一永磁铁的下侧；其中，第一导磁块与第二导磁块关于第二永磁铁的中心呈中心对称分布。
其中，在第一永磁铁7a和第二永磁铁7b之间设置有第一导磁轭8a，在第二永磁铁7b与第三永磁铁7c之间设置有第二导磁轭8b。
实施例三
图6为根据本发明实施例三的线性振动马达的剖面结构；图7-1和图7-2分别为根据本发明实施例三的线性振动马达的静止状态及振动状态的原理结构。
在图6至图7-1所示的实施例三中，为增加导磁块的导磁强度，提高振子的振动幅度，导磁块设置为六块，分别对称设置在三块相邻接的永磁铁的上下两侧，即，中心振动块的每一块永磁铁的上下两侧均设置有导磁块。
其中，中心振动块包括三块邻接设置的第一永磁铁7a、第二永磁铁7b和第三永磁铁7c，三块相邻接的永磁铁均为水平方向充磁，并且，相邻接的永磁铁的邻接端极性相同；导磁块为六块，导磁块分别对称设置在三块相邻接的永磁铁的上下两侧，包括位于第一永磁铁7a上下两侧的第一对导磁块3a、3b，位于第二永磁铁7b上下两侧的第二对导磁块3a’、3b’，以及位于第三永磁铁7c上下两侧的第三对导磁块3a”、3b”。
本发明在具体应用的过程中，也可以根据实际的产品需要增加/减少中心振动块中的永磁铁，比如，采用超过三块以上的永磁铁按照上述方式组成中心振动块，并为中心振动块的每一块永磁铁的上下两侧均设置一块导磁块，以增强导磁块和振子之间的作用力，增强线性振动马达的振感。
实施例四
图8为根据本发明实施例四的线性振动马达的剖面结构；图8-1和图8-2分别为根据本发明实施例四的线性振动马达的静止状态及振动状态下的原理结构。
如图8至图8-2所示的实施例四中，导磁块与相对应的振动块的永磁铁之间形成磁间隙，在磁间隙内设置有磁液12。其中，振子和导磁块之间形成磁 间隙，在该磁间隙内填充有柔性导磁件，该柔性导磁件可以为磁液12，其中，磁液12为一种具有磁性的胶体物质，主要是指纳米级的磁性粒子(镍、钴、铁氧化物等)外层包裹长链的表面活性剂均匀的分散于水、有机溶剂、油等基液中，从而形成一种均匀稳定的胶体溶液。
由于磁液具有一定的磁性，装配时，可先将振动块以及与振动块相对应设置的导磁块装配好，然后向永磁铁与导磁块之间的磁间隙内打入磁液，由于自身的磁性磁液会主动吸附于永磁铁的表面，在振子振动时，磁液主要起到增强振子与导磁块之间的导磁强度的作用。
实施例五
图9示出了根据本发明实施例五的线性振动马达的剖面结构；图9-1和图9-2分别示出了根据本发明实施例五的线性振动马达的静止状态及振动状态下的原理结构。
在图9至图9-2所示的实施例五中，为了增强导磁块的导磁功能，还可以将导磁块3a、3b设计为异形结构，如U型结构等等，能够使导磁块获得尽可能大的磁通量，从而增强线性振动马达的振感。
其中，图9所示的导磁块的截面呈U形(包括倒U形)，在导磁块对应永磁铁的两端设置有用于聚磁的延伸部。
上述各实施例中的振子结构均以三块永磁铁作为示例，针对一块或者多块永磁铁的结构，与三块永磁铁相似，此处不一一赘述。
需要说明的是，在上述各实施例中，还可以设置有导磁块的激发力生成部件，由激发力生成部件产生激发力以扰动振子振动，而不限于此。具体地，激发力生成部件可以为对称设置在振动块的左右两侧的推挽结构。其中，推挽结构包括推挽磁铁5a、5a’、5b、5b’以及设置在推挽磁铁一侧或上、下两侧的推挽线圈2a、2a’、2b、2b’；振子包括质量块9，在质量块9的中部设置有避让定子和推挽线圈的避让结构；在质量块中设置有容纳中心振动块和推挽结构的凹槽；中心振动块和推挽结构可以采用涂胶的方式固定在凹槽中。
具体地，在质量块的中部位置设置有与振子结构相适配的凹槽，振子固定在凹槽内。在凹槽的两端设置有两对(四个)推挽磁铁固定槽，推挽磁铁收容在推挽磁铁固定槽内，其中，每个推挽磁铁固定槽内设置有上下结构的两个推挽磁铁以及位于两个推挽磁铁之间的导磁轭6a、6b，在每个推挽磁铁 固定槽的上、下两侧分别设置有对应的推挽线圈。其中，推挽线圈与推挽磁铁平行设置，通过在推挽线圈内通入交流信号，激发导磁块受力，从而带动振动块振动，实现线性振动马达的振动；当振子开始沿振动方向往复运动时，在后续振动过程中，不需要推挽磁铁和推挽线圈持续提供驱动力，振子仅依靠导磁块与振动块中磁铁之间的相互作用力即可振动。
需要说明的是，推挽线圈可以对称在推挽磁铁的一侧或者对称设置在推挽磁铁的上、下两侧，推挽磁铁的结构不限于附图中所示的两对结构，也可以根据产品的需要灵活设定推挽结构中推挽磁铁的以及推挽线圈数量、位置，比如在固定振动块的凹槽的两侧分别设置一组推挽磁铁以及与推挽磁铁相对应的推挽线圈，将推挽线圈设置在推挽磁铁的一侧，或者将推挽线圈非对称设置在推挽磁铁的上、下两侧等，能够为振子提供扰动力即可。
本发明的线性振动马达，还包括柔性线路板(FPCB，Flexible Printed Circuit Board)4和弹性支撑件10；其中，柔性线路板4与外壳固定连接；以及，推挽线圈通过柔性线路板4上的电路与外部电路连通。弹性支撑件10分别设置在质量块9的左右两端，推挽结构设置在弹性支撑件10与振动块之间，通过将弹性支撑件10限位固定在振子和外壳之间，为振子的振动提供弹性恢复力。
其中，在导磁块在振子的振动方向上与振子发生相对位移时，振子向线性振动马达的一端运动，直至其受到的两个磁场力的合力小于质量块一端的弹性支撑件的弹性回复力，从而向相反的方向运动，直至其受到的两个磁场力的合力小于质量块另一端的弹性支撑件的弹性回复力，从而实现振子的往复运动。
此外，在本发明中的线性振动马达，质量块可以采用钨钢块或镍钢块或者镍钨合金等高密度金属材料制成，以加大振动力，使电子产品的振动更强烈。
如上参照附图以示例的方式描述根据本发明的线性振动马达。但是，本领域技术人员应当理解，对于上述本发明所提出的线性振动马达，还可以在不脱离本发明内容的基础上做出各种改进。因此，本发明的保护范围应当由所附的权利要求书的内容确定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种线性振动马达，包括外壳、振子以及固定在所述外壳上并且与所述振子平行设置的定子，其特征在于，
    所述振子包括振动块，所述振动块包括至少一个永磁铁，所述定子包括导磁块；所述导磁块受到与所述振子的振动方向相同和/或者相反的磁场力的作用；其中，
    当所述振子处于平衡状态时，所述磁场力的合力为零；
    当所述导磁块受到激发力的作用在所述振子的振动方向上与所述振子发生相对位移时，所述磁场力的合力方向与相对位移的方向相同，且，所述磁场力的合力大小与所述相对位移的大小成正比例关系。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    所述导磁块对称或不对称分布于所述振动块的上下两侧；或者，所述导磁块设置于所述振动块的一侧。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    所述振动块包括三块相邻接设置的永磁铁，所述三块相邻接的永磁铁均为水平方向充磁，且，相邻接的永磁铁的邻接端极性相同；
    所述导磁块设有两块，对称位于所述振动块的上侧和下侧；并且，两块导磁块均对应所述振动块的中间位置的永磁铁对称设置。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    所述振动块包括一块永磁铁，所述导磁块设置有两块，并且均位于所述振动块的上侧或下侧；
    所述两块导磁块分别对应所述永磁铁的左端和右端分布，并且关于所述永磁铁的中心轴线对称。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    所述振动块包括三块邻接设置的永磁铁，所述三块相邻接的永磁铁均为 水平方向充磁，且，相邻接的永磁铁的邻接端极性相同；
    所述导磁块为六块，所述导磁块分别对称设置在所述三块相邻接的永磁铁的上下两侧。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    所述振动块包括三块邻接设置的永磁铁，所述三块相邻接的永磁铁均为水平方向充磁，且，相邻接的永磁铁的邻接端极性相同；
    所述导磁块设有两块，所述两块导磁块非对称设置在所述振动块的上下两侧；并且，
    非对称设置在所述振动块上下两侧的导磁块关于所述振动块的中心对称。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    所述导磁块的截面呈U形；
    所述导磁块对应所述永磁铁的两端设置有用于聚磁的延伸部。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    所述导磁块与相对应的所述振动块的永磁铁之间形成磁间隙；
    在所述磁间隙中设置有磁液。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    所述导磁块受到的激发力由激发力生成部件产生；
    所述激发力生成部件为对称设置在所述振动块的左右两侧的推挽结构。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，
    还包括质量块；
    所述推挽结构包括推挽磁铁以及设置在所述推挽磁铁一侧或上、下两侧的音圈；
    所述振动块与所述推挽磁铁均设置于所述质量块中部的凹槽内。
PCT/CN2016/082479 2016-02-05 2016-05-18 线性振动马达 Ceased WO2017133132A1 (zh)

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