WO2017131544A1 - Concentrateur de fresnel solaire, réfléchissant, linéaire et compact conçu pour la mise en œuvre directe de sel fondu en tant que fluide de transfert thermique dans des tubes sous vide - Google Patents

Concentrateur de fresnel solaire, réfléchissant, linéaire et compact conçu pour la mise en œuvre directe de sel fondu en tant que fluide de transfert thermique dans des tubes sous vide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017131544A1
WO2017131544A1 PCT/PT2017/050003 PT2017050003W WO2017131544A1 WO 2017131544 A1 WO2017131544 A1 WO 2017131544A1 PT 2017050003 W PT2017050003 W PT 2017050003W WO 2017131544 A1 WO2017131544 A1 WO 2017131544A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
receiver
solar concentrator
mirror
concentrator according
terc
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/PT2017/050003
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Júlio César Pinto Chaves
Diogo Canhão De Sousa CANAVARRO
Manuel Pedro Ivens Collares Pereira
Original Assignee
Universidade De Évora
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidade De Évora filed Critical Universidade De Évora
Priority to EP19161768.7A priority Critical patent/EP3524901A1/fr
Priority to EP17704839.4A priority patent/EP3408595A1/fr
Publication of WO2017131544A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017131544A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F24S10/45—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors the enclosure being cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/80—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors having discontinuous faces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/20—Working fluids specially adapted for solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
    • F24S2023/872—Assemblies of spaced reflective elements on common support, e.g. Fresnel reflectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • CSP Concentrated Solar Power
  • Fresnel concentrators are renowned for their potential cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, this technology must increase its overall efficiency in order to become more competitive with other CSP technologies.
  • One possibility is to use second-stage concentrators to reach higher concentration factors (above 50 for large half acceptance angles ( ⁇ ldeg) and use evacuated tubular receivers to work at higher temperatures.
  • This invention proposes a Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) "Etendue-Matched" concentrator aiming at operating temperatures above 560°C in three preferred embodiments: (i) one designed for two (virtual) flat receivers with a TERC type asymmetric second stage secondary combined with an involute type optics matching the virtual flats to the evacuated tubular receivers; (ii) another with a TERC type asymmetric second stage designed directly for the evacuated tubular receiver and (iii) another composed by a conventional flat Fresnel primary (composed by a finite number of heliostats) and a double CEC (Compound Elliptical Concentrator) designed for a tubular vacuum receiver.
  • CEC Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector
  • This low efficiency conversion factor is mainly related with the fact that these optics fall short from the theoretical limits of concentration, achieving values of CAP (Concentration Acceptance-Product) around 0.4.
  • Non-imaging optics can be used to achieve higher CAP values, hence increasing the potential for higher efficiency conversion factors.
  • Advanced LFR optics can solve several of current LFR limitations and provide direct solutions to the low cost issue.
  • High concentration can be achieved in order to reduce thermal losses and provide energy at higher temperatures, for higher efficiency in the thermodynamic conversion to electricity;
  • Linear Fresnel concentrators have a potential for low cost, given that the primary is built from flat (or nearly flat) mirrors and large primaries can be moved with very simple mechanical solutions, requiring low power; besides the associated fixed second stage concentrators and fixed receivers are a very important asset for the balance of system design, in particular when high temperature and complex HTF are to be used.
  • the TERC - Taylor Edge Ray Concentrator - design is one that approaches the highest concentration possible, as explained in J. Chaves, Introduction to nonimaging optics - Second edition (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2016), pp. 3-46 and in Winston, R., Minano, J.C., Benitez, P., (contributions by Shatz, N., Bortz, J.,C), Nonimaging Optics, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2005, for any given acceptance angle and, thus, is a natural choice for a preferred embodiments of this invention.
  • the TERCs have to be truncated, since, by definition, they extend to the primary, in the limit blocking all the incoming radiation; thus there is a degree for compromise and that has to be taken into consideration.
  • the very high temperatures that are aimed at by the use of the present invention can only be obtained with very low losses, by using evacuated tubular technology (atmospheric receivers cannot be obtained on the market with selective coatings surviving these very high temperatures).
  • Fig. 4 - The new secondary concentrator composed by: (1) TERC mirrors, (2) involute mirrors, (3) tubular receiver, (4) glass cover of the receiver.
  • Fig. 5 The new secondary concentrator composed by: (1) TERC mirrors, (2) involute mirrors, (3) tubular receiver, (4) glass cover of the tubular receiver and adapted to the real size of the tubular receiver as shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 6 - The new secondary concentrator composed by: (1) TERC mirrors, (2) involute mirrors, (3) tubular receiver, (4) glass cover of the tubular receiver and (5) V-groove mirrors.
  • Fig. 8 Secondary mirror detail composed by: (2) involute mirrors, (3) tubular receiver, (4) glass cover of the tubular receiver, (5) V-groove mirrors and (6) CEC mirrors.
  • Fig. 9 The Dual Asymmetric Macrofocal CEC LFR Solar Concentrator with the heliostats at different heights to reduce the shading and blocking losses.
  • Fig. 10 The Dual Asymmetric Macrofocal CEC LFR Solar Concentrator with the secondary mirror placed as a single component.
  • the present invention has a first preferred embodiment which is a new design based on the TERC family, with a very high concentration value of ⁇ 50X and conceived for two flat (virtual) receivers, placed on two different towers.
  • This solution requires the conversion of the virtual flat receiver into a tubular receiver, by adding an involute type optics.
  • the preferred embodiment of this invention can thus incorporate the (standard) 70mm diameter receiver evacuated tube.
  • the second preferred embodiment of this invention has the TERC solution directly designed for the evacuated tubular receiver (Fig.3).
  • Fig.5 also shows a variation that can be used in all embodiments of the invention: the use of a V-groove (a mirror type explained in Rabl, A., Active Solar Collectors and their applications, Oxford University, Oxford, 1985) type mirror, behind the evacuated tube to eliminate the optical losses from radiation that can escape through the gap between the receiver and the glass envelope.
  • V-groove a mirror type explained in Rabl, A., Active Solar Collectors and their applications, Oxford University, Oxford, 1985
  • the primary is formed by finite width mirrors distanced from each other is a way to minimize etendue losses
  • the two evacuated tubular receivers are fed by a single pipe and merge in a single exit pipe contributing to a substantial pipe length reduction of the system pipe manifold;
  • the design of the concentrator performs a joint optimization between the primary and the secondary in order to conserve the etendue of the incoming light and reach the maximum possible concentration. This is done using an etendue-conserving curve (concept explained in Chaves, J. , Collares-Pereira, M. , Etendue-matched two stage concentrators with multiple receivers, Solar Energy 84 (2010), pp. 196-207) and a TERC second-stage concentrator, as shown in Fig 1.
  • the base configuration is, thus, composed by a primary with a number of heliostats placed over the etendue-conserving curve (with different heights h P relatively to the horizontal axis xi) with aperture length L > 25m and two flat receivers surround by a TERC secondary mirror placed at a height H > 6m.
  • the receiver in order to operate at working temperatures above 560 °C, the receiver must be an evacuated tube and, therefore, changes are necessary in order to fit it in the secondary mirror.
  • the secondary can be adapted to the tubular receiver by using an involute-type (this type of mirror is explained in Winston, R. , Minano, J.C. , Benitez, P. , (contributions by Shatz, N. , Bortz, J . , C), Nonimaging Optics, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2005) optic. This adaptation is done by adjusting the size of the "water drop" W to the size of the entrance E, without any further concentration, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the real receiver is not the "water drop” W but instead the corresponding circular receiver, which perimeter is lower than the size of W.
  • an adaption of the involute mirrors is necessary. This is done by inserting two small flat mirrors to adapt to the perimeter of the receiver R, as shown in Fig. 2. Now the size of the entrance E is smaller an equal to the perimeter of R. All in all, this corresponds to a new secondary mirror composed by the TERC mirrors and the involute/flat mirrors, as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig.5.
  • the designed and placement of the heliostats may also be adapted to fit better the characteristics of the new receiver/secondary.
  • This concentrator is design for geometric concentrations C g > 50X and a CAP (Concentration Acceptance Product, as explained in Canavarro, D. , Chaves, J. , Collares- Pereira, M. , Simultaneous Multiple Surface method for Linear Fresnel concentrators with tubular receiver, Solar Energy 110 (2014), pp. 106-116.) > 0.4.
  • conventional Fresnel concentrators and Parabolic trough concentrators have CAP values ⁇ 0.4, as explained in Canavarro, D. , Chaves, J. , Collares-Pereira, M. , Simultaneous Multiple Surface method for Linear Fresnel concentrators with tubular receiver, Solar Energy 110 (2014), pp. 106-116.
  • V-groove a type of mirror explained in Rabl, A. , Active Solar Collectors and their applications Oxford University, Oxford, 1985
  • TERC involute and V-groove mirrors
  • this concentrator presents an optimized primary shape (etendue- conserving curve) in contrast with the conventional flat-shaped primaries used in other Fresnel configurations (examples of conventional Fresnel configurations are explained in U.S. Pat. No.5, 899, 199: Mills, D. , Solar Energy Collector system, 1999 and in U. S. Pat. No.5, 899, 199: Mills, D. , Solar Energy Collector system, 2000 and in Reif, J. H. , Reif. , K.L.
  • the dimensions of the concentrator are determined by the concentration factor and a coupling of "etendue” ("etendue” coupling as explained in J. Chaves, Introduction to nonimaging optics - Second edition (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2016), pp. 3-46) between the primary and the receiver in order to reach the maximum possible concentration.
  • etendue "etendue” coupling as explained in J. Chaves, Introduction to nonimaging optics - Second edition (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2016), pp. 3-46) between the primary and the receiver in order to reach the maximum possible concentration.
  • the general overview of the concentrator is shown in Fig. 1.
  • a tubular vacuum receiver is used and, therefore, it is not possible to extend the involute mirror until the top of the tubular receiver due to the glass cover of the receiver.
  • a V-groove mirror is used to compensate the missing part of the involute, as shown in Fig. 8.
  • This V-groove eliminates the gap losses (in case some rays would escape from the receiver) and it is composed by a number of 2 "V's" .
  • the proximity between the two receivers Li (Fig. 7) enables the use of a single elevated structure and the same connecting pipe hence reducing both costs and thermal losses.
  • FIG. 9 Another possible configuration of this concentrator is shown in Fig. 9. Due to the mutual shading and blocking losses which occurs in LFR concentrators (effects which are explained in J. Chaves, Introduction to nonimaging optics - Second edition (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2016), pp. 3-46.), it is possible to place the mirrors with different height values to compensate this effect, especially those which are more tilted relatively to the horizontal.
  • the mirrors placed on the edges of the primary have now different heights hi, hi, fe, relatively to the horizontal axis xi, which reduces the shading and blocking effects. The exact height of each mirror calculated after fixing the total mirror area.
  • the secondary mirrors are placed as a single component.
  • Fig. 10 shows the complete concentrator
  • Fig. 11 shows the details of the secondary mirrors with a distance Li between the two receivers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un nouveau concentrateur « à correspondance d'étendue » à réflecteur de Fresnel linéaire compact (CLFR) conçu pour deux récepteurs tubulaires sous vide équipés d'un double jeu de combinaisons secondaires de double étage asymétrique du type TERC (concentrateur de rayons de bords adaptés) et d'un double jeu de combinaisons de CEC (concentrateur elliptique composé) asymétrique à double étage, destinés à des températures de fonctionnement supérieures à 560 °C.
PCT/PT2017/050003 2016-01-25 2017-01-24 Concentrateur de fresnel solaire, réfléchissant, linéaire et compact conçu pour la mise en œuvre directe de sel fondu en tant que fluide de transfert thermique dans des tubes sous vide WO2017131544A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19161768.7A EP3524901A1 (fr) 2016-01-25 2017-01-24 Concentrateur de fresnel solaire, réfléchissant, linéaire et compact conçu pour la mise en uvre directe de sel fondu en tant que fluide de transfert thermique dans des tubes sous vide
EP17704839.4A EP3408595A1 (fr) 2016-01-25 2017-01-24 Concentrateur de fresnel solaire, réfléchissant, linéaire et compact conçu pour la mise en uvre directe de sel fondu en tant que fluide de transfert thermique dans des tubes sous vide

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT109108 2016-01-25
PT10910816 2016-01-25
PT10911516 2016-01-27
PT109115 2016-01-27

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109670248A (zh) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-23 浙江大学 塔式太阳能热发电中光斑的辐射能密度分布的模拟方法

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WO1999042765A1 (fr) * 1998-02-19 1999-08-26 Suria Holdings, Societe A Responsabilite Limitee Dispositif de chauffage a l'energie solaire
US20080276930A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2008-11-13 Ahmet Lokurlu Collector and Collector Arrangement for Generating Heat from Incident Radiation
CN101762079A (zh) * 2010-02-04 2010-06-30 益科博能源科技（上海）有限公司 线性菲涅尔太阳集热器装置
WO2010100293A1 (fr) * 2009-03-02 2010-09-10 Abengoa Solar New Technologies, S.A. Installation de concentration solaire de type fresnel comportant un reconcentrateur secondaire optimisé
US20140360487A1 (en) * 2011-12-16 2014-12-11 Schott Solar Ag Receiver system for a fresnel solar plant

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WO1999042765A1 (fr) * 1998-02-19 1999-08-26 Suria Holdings, Societe A Responsabilite Limitee Dispositif de chauffage a l'energie solaire
US20080276930A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2008-11-13 Ahmet Lokurlu Collector and Collector Arrangement for Generating Heat from Incident Radiation
WO2010100293A1 (fr) * 2009-03-02 2010-09-10 Abengoa Solar New Technologies, S.A. Installation de concentration solaire de type fresnel comportant un reconcentrateur secondaire optimisé
CN101762079A (zh) * 2010-02-04 2010-06-30 益科博能源科技（上海）有限公司 线性菲涅尔太阳集热器装置
US20140360487A1 (en) * 2011-12-16 2014-12-11 Schott Solar Ag Receiver system for a fresnel solar plant

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GUANGDONG ZHU ET AL: "History, current state, and future of linear Fresnel concentrating solar collectors", SOLAR ENERGY, vol. 103, 1 May 2014 (2014-05-01), pages 639 - 652, XP055158589, ISSN: 0038-092X, DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2013.05.021 *
MILLS D R ET AL: "Advanced Fresnel Reflector Powerplants - Performance and Generating Costs", PROCEEDINGS OF SOLAR CONFERENCE. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALANDSOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY, X, XX, 1 January 1997 (1997-01-01), XP007903739 *
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ROBERTO GRENA ET AL: "Solar linear Fresnel collector using molten nitrates as heat transfer fluid", ENERGY, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 36, no. 2, 7 December 2010 (2010-12-07), pages 1048 - 1056, XP028140068, ISSN: 0360-5442, [retrieved on 20101214], DOI: 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2010.12.003 *
SHARMA VASHI ET AL: "Effects of shading and blocking in compact linear fresnel reflector field", ENERGY, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 94, 15 December 2015 (2015-12-15), pages 633 - 653, XP029396761, ISSN: 0360-5442, DOI: 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2015.10.098 *
YANHUA LAI ET AL: "Thermal performance analysis of linear fresnel reflector concentrator with a compound parabolic cavity absorber", MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY&ENVIRONMENT (ICMREE), 2011 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON, IEEE, 20 May 2011 (2011-05-20), pages 168 - 172, XP031950543, ISBN: 978-1-61284-749-8, DOI: 10.1109/ICMREE.2011.5930788 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109670248A (zh) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-23 浙江大学 塔式太阳能热发电中光斑的辐射能密度分布的模拟方法
CN109670248B (zh) * 2018-12-21 2022-09-30 浙江大学 塔式太阳能热发电中光斑的辐射能密度分布的模拟方法

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