WO2017126551A1 - Differentiation induction from human pluripotent stem cells into hypothalamic neurons - Google Patents
Differentiation induction from human pluripotent stem cells into hypothalamic neurons Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017126551A1 WO2017126551A1 PCT/JP2017/001544 JP2017001544W WO2017126551A1 WO 2017126551 A1 WO2017126551 A1 WO 2017126551A1 JP 2017001544 W JP2017001544 W JP 2017001544W WO 2017126551 A1 WO2017126551 A1 WO 2017126551A1
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Definitions
- ACTH secretion ability of structures obtained by culturing human iPS cells under the simultaneous maturation conditions of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland * P ⁇ 0.05, ** p ⁇ 0.01 ACTH secretion ability when the pituitary gland (anterior lobe) and hypothalamus are separated and only the pituitary gland (anterior lobe) is cultured (A) and when the pituitary gland (anterior lobe) and hypothalamus are cultured again (B) comparison.
- the ACTH concentration in the culture solution on the 150th day of culture was measured (right).
- * P ⁇ 0.05 Schematic diagram (right) and test results (left) showing an overview of the ACTH stimulation test with CRH. * P ⁇ 0.05.
- lentiviruses (Yu J, et al: Science 318 (5858), 1917-1920, 2007), adenoviruses (Stadtfeld M, et al: Science 322 (5903 ), 945-949, 2008), plasmid (Okita K, et al: Science 322 (5903), 949-953, 2008), transposon vectors (Woltjen K, Michael IP, Mohseni P, et al: 770, 2009; Kaji K, Norrby K, Pac a A, et al: Nature 458, 771-775, 2009; Yusa K, Rad R, Takeda J, et al: Nat Methods 6, 363-369, 2009), or Techniques using episomal vectors (Yu J, Hu K, Smuga-Otto K, Tian S, et al: Science 324, 797-801, 2009) have been developed.
- BMP4 is preferably a rodent (mouse, rat, etc.) or primate (human, etc.) BMP4, most preferably human BMP4.
- Human BMP4 means BMP4 having the amino acid sequence of BMP4 that is naturally expressed in vivo by humans.
- the concentration of the bone morphogenetic factor signal transduction pathway activator may not be constant throughout the entire phase of step (1).
- the osteogenic factor signal transduction pathway activator is not added to the medium for 3 to 8 days (6 days in the specific example) from the start of suspension culture, and then the osteogenic factor signal transduction pathway activator is added to the medium. It may be added. Further, the concentration of the bone morphogenetic factor signal transduction pathway activator may be reduced during the culture.
- “low concentration” when SAG is used as a substance acting on the Shh signal pathway is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ M to 2.0 ⁇ M, preferably 0.2 ⁇ M to 1.5 ⁇ M, and more preferably 0.3 ⁇ M to 1.0 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of the Shh signal pathway agonist may not be constant over the entire period of step (1).
- the Shh signal pathway agent may not be added to the medium for 3 to 8 days (specifically, 6 days) from the start of suspension culture, and then the Shh signal pathway agent may be added to the medium. The optimum concentration can be set through preliminary experiments.
- Differentiation into dorsal hypothalamic tissue indicates that neural progenitor cells characteristic of dorsal hypothalamic tissue (eg, vasopressin (AVP) neuron progenitor cells, oxytocin (OXT) neuron progenitors) Cells, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) neuron progenitor cells, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neuron progenitor cells, neuropeptide Y (NPY) neuron progenitor cells) can be confirmed.
- neural progenitor cells characteristic of the dorsal hypothalamic tissue are observed, it can be determined that the differentiation induction into the dorsal hypothalamic tissue is further advanced. Confirmation of the appearance of neural progenitor cells may be made using a marker characteristic of each. For example, if Otp and Brn2 expression is observed, it can be determined that AVP neuron progenitor cells have appeared.
- Step (ii) In step (ii) following step (i), the cell aggregate obtained in step (i) is further subjected to suspension culture in a medium containing an osteogenic factor signal transduction pathway activator and a Shh signal pathway activator. This step induces further differentiation into the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
- Culture conditions not specifically mentioned culture method (preferably stationary culture is adopted), possibility of using feeder cells (preferably cultured in the absence of feeder cells), usable incubator, basal medium used
- the additives other than the osteogenic factor signal transduction pathway activator and the Shh signal pathway activator are the same as in step (i).
- the culture conditions characteristic to step (ii) will be described.
- a medium containing a substance that acts on the Shh signal pathway is used.
- the concentration of the Shh signal pathway agonist in the medium can be set as appropriate as long as differentiation into the hypothalamus and pituitary is possible, but when using SAG as the Shh signal pathway agonist, the concentration is For example, it is 1 nM to 1000 ⁇ M, preferably 10 nM to 100 ⁇ M, more preferably 100 nM to 10 ⁇ M (specific example is 2 ⁇ M).
- the optimum concentration can be set through preliminary experiments.
- the high oxygen partial pressure condition means an oxygen partial pressure condition that exceeds the oxygen partial pressure in air (20%).
- the oxygen partial pressure in step (a) is, for example, 30 to 60%, preferably 35 to 60%, more preferably 38 to 60% (specific example is 40%).
- Cell structure use of cells constituting cell structure, cell structure obtained by the production method of the present invention, that is, cell structure or hybrid cell structure including dorsal or ventral hypothalamic tissue, or A part (tissue or cell constituting the cell structure) is used for transplantation medicine, for example.
- Part of the cell structure can be prepared by cutting with a scalpel or the like, treatment with a proteolytic enzyme, EDTA, or the like. Prior to application to transplantation medicine or the like, the prepared cells may be purified or purified using cell surface markers, morphology, secretory substances, etc. as indicators.
- diseases to which the cell structure of the present invention or a part thereof can be applied include central diabetes insipidus, hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction, Prader syndrome, Lawrence Moonbeed syndrome, hypothalamic obesity, eating disorder , Cognitive dysfunction, sleep disorders, panhypopituitarism, pituitary dwarfism, hypoadrenocorticism, partial hypopituitarism, anterior pituitary hormone alone deficiency, trauma, radiation therapy, resection Damage to the hypothalamus and / or pituitary gland due to surgery.
- Disperse the cell clumps seed the cells at 2 ⁇ 10 4 to 40 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 on a glass plate coated with Laminin, Poly-D-Lysine, Matrigel, and add NT3, BDNF, Planar culture was performed in a medium supplemented with CNTF and FBS. The medium was changed once every three days.
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Abstract
Description
以下の発明は、主として上記の成果に基づく。
[1]以下のステップ(1)及び(2)を含む、視床下部組織を含む細胞構造体の製造方法:
(1)ヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を、低濃度の骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及び低濃度のShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で浮遊培養するステップ、
(2)ステップ(1)で得られた細胞凝集塊を、低濃度のShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で更に浮遊培養するステップ。
[2]ステップ(2)を高酸素分圧条件下で行う、[1]に記載の製造方法。
[3]以下のステップ(3)を更に含む、[1]又は[2]に記載の製造方法:
(3)ステップ(2)で得られた細胞凝集塊を回収し、細胞凝集塊を構成する細胞を分散培養するステップ。
[4]ステップ(3)を高酸素分圧条件下で行う、[3]に記載の製造方法。
[5]ステップ(1)における前記骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質がBMP4であり、培地中のその濃度が0.1 nM~5.0 nMであり、
ステップ(1)及び(2)における前記Shhシグナル経路作用物質がSAGであり、培地中のその濃度が0.1μM~2.0μMであり、
前記ステップ(1)及び(2)によって背側視床下部組織への分化が誘導される、
[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[6]前記背側視床下部組織はバゾプレシンニューロン、オキシトシンニューロン、甲状腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモンニューロン、コルチコトロピン放出ホルモンニューロン及びニューロペプチドYニューロンからなる群より選択される一以上のニューロンを含む、[5]に記載の製造方法。
[7]ステップ(1)における前記骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質がBMP4であり、培地中のその濃度が0.1 nM~3.0 nMであり、
ステップ(1)及び(2)における前記Shhシグナル経路作用物質がSAGであり、培地中のその濃度が0.1μM~2.0μMであり、
前記培地がAkt阻害剤を更に含み、
前記ステップ(1)及び(2)によって腹側視床下部組織への分化が誘導される、[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[8]前記腹側視床下部組織はアグーチ関連タンパク質ニューロン、プロオピオメラノコルチンニューロン、メラニン凝集ホルモンニューロン及びOrexinニューロンからなる群より選択される一以上のニューロンを含む、[7]に記載の製造方法。
[9]前記浮遊培養をフィーダー細胞の非存在下で行う、[1]~[8]のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[10]ステップ(1)における前記凝集塊が、分散させたヒト多能性幹細胞の浮遊培養によって形成される、[1]~[9]のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[11]前記浮遊培養を無血清凝集浮遊培養法で行う、[10]に記載の製造方法。
[12]以下のステップ(i)~(iii)を含む、視床下部組織と下垂体組織を含む細胞構造体の製造方法:
(i)ヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を、骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及びShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で浮遊培養するステップ、
(ii)ステップ(i)で形成された細胞凝集塊を、骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及びShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で更に浮遊培養するステップ、
(iii)ステップ(ii)で得られた細胞凝集塊を、下垂体及び視床下部の同時誘導に適した培地中で浮遊培養するステップ
[13]ステップ(ii)及び(iii)を高酸素分圧条件下で行う、[12]に記載の製造方法。
[14]ステップ(ii)とステップ(iii)の間に以下のステップ(a)を行い、ステップ(iii)ではステップ(a)で得られた細胞凝集塊を浮遊培養する、[12]又は[13]に記載の製造方法:
(a)ステップ(ii)で得られた細胞凝集塊を、Shhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で更に浮遊培養するステップ。
[15]ステップ(a)を高酸素分圧条件下で行う、[12]~[14]のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[16]前記浮遊培養をフィーダー細胞の非存在下で行う、[12]~[15]のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[17]ステップ(i)における前記凝集塊が、分散させたヒト多能性幹細胞の浮遊培養によって形成される、[12]~[16]のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[18]骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質がBMP4である、[12]~[17]のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[19]Shhシグナル経路作用物質がSAGである、[12]~[18]のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[20][1]~[19]のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法で得られる細胞構造体。 As described above, as a result of this study, it has become possible to induce differentiation into hypothalamic neurons (for example, AVP neurons) at a higher rate than the method of Merkle et al. In addition, as a result of being able to accurately create the dorsal side and the ventral side of the hypothalamus, differentiation induction itself can be controlled more precisely. Differentiating not only AVP neurons, but also neurons that produce oxytocin, also called love hormones, and multiple hypothalamic hormone-producing neurons related to appetite. Furthermore, we succeeded in constructing a structure in which the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are functionally integrated.
The following invention is mainly based on the above-mentioned results.
[1] A method for producing a cell structure including a hypothalamic tissue, including the following steps (1) and (2):
(1) Suspension culture of aggregates of human pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing a low concentration of an osteogenic factor signaling pathway activator and a low concentration of an Shh signaling pathway activator;
(2) A step of further subjecting the cell aggregate obtained in step (1) to suspension culture in a medium containing a low-concentration Shh signal pathway agent.
[2] The production method according to [1], wherein step (2) is performed under high oxygen partial pressure conditions.
[3] The production method according to [1] or [2], further comprising the following step (3):
(3) A step of recovering the cell aggregate obtained in step (2) and dispersing and culturing the cells constituting the cell aggregate.
[4] The production method according to [3], wherein step (3) is performed under high oxygen partial pressure conditions.
[5] The osteogenic factor signaling pathway activator in step (1) is BMP4, and its concentration in the medium is 0.1 nM to 5.0 nM,
The Shh signaling pathway agent in steps (1) and (2) is SAG, and its concentration in the medium is 0.1 μM to 2.0 μM;
Differentiation into dorsal hypothalamic tissue is induced by steps (1) and (2),
[1] The production method according to any one of [4].
[6] The dorsal hypothalamic tissue includes one or more neurons selected from the group consisting of vasopressin neurons, oxytocin neurons, thyroid-stimulating hormone releasing hormone neurons, corticotropin releasing hormone neurons, and neuropeptide Y neurons. The manufacturing method as described.
[7] The bone morphogenetic factor signal transduction pathway activator in step (1) is BMP4, and its concentration in the medium is 0.1 nM to 3.0 nM,
The Shh signaling pathway agent in steps (1) and (2) is SAG, and its concentration in the medium is 0.1 μM to 2.0 μM;
The medium further comprises an Akt inhibitor;
The production method according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein differentiation into a ventral hypothalamic tissue is induced by the steps (1) and (2).
[8] The production method according to [7], wherein the ventral hypothalamic tissue includes one or more neurons selected from the group consisting of agouti-related protein neurons, proopiomelanocortin neurons, melanin-concentrating hormone neurons, and Orexin neurons.
[9] The production method according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the suspension culture is performed in the absence of feeder cells.
[10] The production method according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the aggregate in step (1) is formed by suspension culture of dispersed human pluripotent stem cells.
[11] The production method according to [10], wherein the suspension culture is performed by a serum-free agglutination suspension culture method.
[12] A method for producing a cell structure including hypothalamic tissue and pituitary tissue, including the following steps (i) to (iii):
(I) a suspension culture of aggregates of human pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing an osteogenic factor signal transduction pathway activator and a Shh signal pathway activator;
(Ii) further suspension-culturing the cell aggregate formed in step (i) in a medium containing a bone morphogenetic factor signal transduction pathway activator and a Shh signal pathway activator;
(Iii) Step of suspension culture of the cell aggregate obtained in step (ii) in a medium suitable for simultaneous induction of the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus. [13] Steps (ii) and (iii) are performed with high oxygen partial pressure. The production method according to [12], which is performed under conditions.
[14] The following step (a) is performed between step (ii) and step (iii), and in step (iii), the cell aggregate obtained in step (a) is suspended and cultured [12] or [ 13]:
(A) A step of further subjecting the cell aggregate obtained in step (ii) to suspension culture in a medium containing an Shh signal pathway agent.
[15] The production method according to any one of [12] to [14], wherein step (a) is performed under high oxygen partial pressure conditions.
[16] The production method according to any one of [12] to [15], wherein the suspension culture is performed in the absence of feeder cells.
[17] The production method according to any one of [12] to [16], wherein the aggregate in step (i) is formed by suspension culture of dispersed human pluripotent stem cells.
[18] The production method according to any one of [12] to [17], wherein the bone morphogenetic factor signal transduction pathway activator is BMP4.
[19] The production method according to any one of [12] to [18], wherein the substance acting on the Shh signal pathway is SAG.
[20] A cell structure obtained by the production method according to any one of [1] to [19].
本発明の第1の局面は、視床下部組織を含む細胞構造体を製造する方法に関する。視床下部は弓状核、室傍核、側室周囲核、視索上核、視索前核、背内側視床下部核、腹内側視床下部核、後核などから構成される。視床下部には神経細胞と内分泌細胞の両方の機能を合わせ持つ細胞群が存在する。視床下部をその位置関係から背側視床下部と腹側視床下部に大別することができる。背側視床下部と腹側視床下部には各々特徴的な神経細胞(視床下部ニューロン)が存在する。視床下部において主に背側寄りに局在を認める神経細胞にはバゾプレシン(AVP)ニューロン、オキシトシン(OXT)ニューロン、甲状腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン(TRH)ニューロン、コルチコトロピン放出ホルモン(CRH)ニューロン、ニューロペプチドY(NPY)ニューロン等があり、主に腹側寄りに局在を認める神経細胞にはアグーチ関連タンパク質(AgRP)ニューロン、プロオピオメラノコルチン(POMC)ニューロン、メラニン凝集ホルモン(MCH)ニューロン、Orexinニューロン等がある。 1. Method for Producing Cell Structure Containing Hypothalamic Tissue The first aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing a cell structure containing a hypothalamic tissue. The hypothalamus is composed of the arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, periventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, preoptic nucleus, dorsal medial hypothalamic nucleus, ventral medial hypothalamic nucleus, posterior nucleus, and the like. In the hypothalamus, there is a group of cells having the functions of both neurons and endocrine cells. The hypothalamus can be broadly divided into a dorsal hypothalamus and a ventral hypothalamus based on the positional relationship. Characteristic neurons (hypothalamic neurons) exist in the dorsal hypothalamus and ventral hypothalamus, respectively. Neurons that are localized mainly in the dorsal hypothalamus include vasopressin (AVP) neurons, oxytocin (OXT) neurons, thyroid stimulating hormone releasing hormone (TRH) neurons, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons, neuropeptide Y There are (NPY) neurons, etc. Neurons that are mainly localized on the ventral side include agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons, proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons, Orexin neurons, etc. is there.
(1)ヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を、低濃度の骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及び低濃度のShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で浮遊培養するステップ
(2)ステップ(1)で得られた細胞凝集塊を、Shhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で更に浮遊培養するステップ In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the following steps (1) and (2) are performed.
(1) Suspension culture of aggregates of human pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing a low concentration of an osteogenic factor signal transduction pathway activator and a low concentration of an Shh signal pathway activator (2) Step (1) The cell aggregate obtained in
ステップ(1)では、まず、ヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を用意する。「ヒト多能性幹細胞」とは、生体を構成するすべての細胞に分化しうる能力(分化多能性)と、細胞分裂を経て自己と同一の分化能を有する娘細胞を生み出す能力(自己複製能)とを併せ持つヒト細胞をいう。分化多能性は、評価対象の細胞を、ヌードマウスに移植し、三胚葉(外胚葉、中胚葉、内胚葉)のそれぞれの細胞を含むテラトーマ形成の有無を試験することにより、評価することができる。 Step (1)
In step (1), first, an aggregate of human pluripotent stem cells is prepared. “Human pluripotent stem cells” are the ability to differentiate into all the cells that make up a living body (differentiated pluripotency) and the ability to generate daughter cells that have the same differentiation potential as self through cell division (self-replication) Noh). Pluripotency can be evaluated by transplanting cells to be evaluated into nude mice and testing for the presence or absence of teratoma containing each of the three germ layers (ectodermal, mesoderm, and endoderm). it can.
(1)比較的小さな体積(例えば、1ml以下、500μl以下、200μl以下、100μl以下)の培養コンパートメント中に、分散したヒト多能性幹細胞を閉じ込め、コンパートメント中に1個の凝集塊を形成させる。好ましくは、分散したヒト多能性幹細胞を閉じ込めた後、培養コンパートメントを静置する。培養コンパートメントとしては、マルチウェルプレート(384ウェル、192ウェル、96ウェル、48ウェル、24ウェル等)、マイクロポア、チャンバースライド等におけるウェルや、チューブ、ハンギングドロップ法における培地の液滴等を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されない。コンパートメントに閉じ込められた、分散したヒト多能性幹細胞が重力の作用で1箇所に沈殿し、或いは細胞同士が接着することにより、1つのコンパートメントにつき1つの凝集塊が形成される。マルチウェルプレート、マイクロポア、チャンバースライド、チューブ等の底の形状は、分散したヒト多能性幹細胞が1箇所へ沈殿するのが容易となるようにU底又はV底であることが好ましい。
(2)分散したヒト多能性幹細胞を遠心チューブに入れて遠心し、1箇所にヒト多能性幹細胞を沈殿させる。チューブ中に1個の凝集塊が形成される。 A plurality of human pluripotent stem cells can be obtained by seeding a suspension of dispersed human pluripotent stem cells in an incubator and culturing the dispersed human pluripotent stem cells under non-adherent conditions to the incubator. Aggregate to form agglomerates. At this time, dispersed human pluripotent stem cells may be seeded in a relatively large incubator (for example, a 10 cm dish), and an aggregate of a plurality of human pluripotent stem cells may be simultaneously formed in one culture compartment. In this way, large variations may occur in the size of each aggregate and the number of human pluripotent stem cells contained in the aggregate. This variation causes a difference in the degree of differentiation between the aggregates, resulting in a decrease in differentiation induction efficiency. Therefore, it is preferable that the dispersed human pluripotent stem cells are rapidly aggregated to form one aggregate in one culture compartment. Examples of a method for rapidly aggregating dispersed human pluripotent stem cells include the following methods (1) and (2).
(1) The dispersed human pluripotent stem cells are confined in a culture compartment having a relatively small volume (for example, 1 ml or less, 500 μl or less, 200 μl or less, 100 μl or less), and one aggregate is formed in the compartment. Preferably, after the dispersed human pluripotent stem cells are confined, the culture compartment is allowed to stand. Examples of culture compartments include wells in multi-well plates (384-well, 192-well, 96-well, 48-well, 24-well, etc.), micropores, chamber slides, etc., tubes, medium drops in the hanging drop method, etc. However, it is not limited to these. Dispersed human pluripotent stem cells trapped in the compartment are precipitated in one place by the action of gravity, or the cells adhere to each other, so that one aggregate is formed in one compartment. The bottom shape of the multi-well plate, micropore, chamber slide, tube or the like is preferably U-bottom or V-bottom so that the dispersed human pluripotent stem cells can be easily precipitated in one place.
(2) The dispersed human pluripotent stem cells are placed in a centrifuge tube and centrifuged to precipitate the human pluripotent stem cells in one place. One aggregate is formed in the tube.
(A)複数の培養コンパートメントを用意し、1つの培養コンパートメントに1つのヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊が含まれるように、質的に均一な、ヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊の集団を播く。(例えば、96ウェルプレートの各ウェルにヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を1つずつ入れる。)そして、各培養コンパートメントにおいて、1つのヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を低濃度の骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及び低濃度のShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で浮遊培養する。
(B)1つの培養コンパートメントに複数のヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊が含まれるように、質的に均一な、ヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊の集団を1つの培養コンパートメントに播く。(例えば、10cmディッシュに、複数のヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を入れる。)そして、当該コンパートメントにおいて、複数のヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を低濃度の骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及び低濃度のShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で浮遊培養する。 In a preferred embodiment, a qualitatively uniform population of human pluripotent stem cell aggregates is suspended in a medium comprising a low concentration of an osteogenic factor signaling pathway activator and a low concentration of an Shh signaling pathway agonist. Incubate. By using a population of qualitatively uniform aggregates of human pluripotent stem cells, the difference in the degree of differentiation between aggregates can be minimized and differentiation induction efficiency can be improved. Examples of suspension culture of a qualitatively uniform population of human pluripotent stem cell aggregates include the following aspects (A) and (B).
(A) Prepare multiple culture compartments and seed a qualitatively uniform population of human pluripotent stem cell aggregates so that one culture compartment contains one human pluripotent stem cell aggregate . (For example, one well of a human pluripotent stem cell is placed in each well of a 96-well plate.) Then, in each culture compartment, one human pluripotent stem cell aggregate is transferred to a low concentration of osteogenic factor signal. Suspension culture is performed in a medium containing a transduction pathway activator and a low-concentration Shh signaling pathway agonist.
(B) A qualitatively uniform population of human pluripotent stem cell aggregates is seeded in one culture compartment so that one culture compartment contains multiple human pluripotent stem cell aggregates. (For example, a plurality of human pluripotent stem cell aggregates are placed in a 10 cm dish.) In the compartment, a plurality of human pluripotent stem cell aggregates are converted into low-concentration osteogenic factor signaling pathway activators. And suspension culture in a medium containing a low concentration of an Shh signal pathway agonist.
ステップ(1)に続くステップ(2)では、ステップ(1)で得られた細胞凝集塊を、低濃度のShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で更に浮遊培養する。このステップによって、視床下部組織への更なる分化が誘導される。特に言及しない培養条件(培養方法(好ましくは静置培養が採用される)、フィーダー細胞の使用の可能性(好ましくはフィーダー細胞非存在下で培養する)、使用可能な培養器、使用する基礎培地、Shhシグナル経路作用物質以外の添加物等)についてはステップ(1)と同様である。以下では、ステップ(2)に特徴的な培養条件を説明する。 Step (2)
In step (2) following step (1), the cell aggregate obtained in step (1) is further subjected to suspension culture in a medium containing a low-concentration Shh signal pathway agent. This step induces further differentiation into hypothalamic tissue. Culture conditions not specifically mentioned (culture method (preferably stationary culture is adopted), possibility of using feeder cells (preferably cultured in the absence of feeder cells), usable incubator, basal medium used , Additives other than Shh signal pathway agonists, etc.) are the same as in step (1). Below, the culture conditions characteristic of step (2) will be described.
本発明の製造方法では、好ましくは、ステップ(1)及び(2)に加えて以下のステップ(3)を行う。
(3)ステップ(2)で得られた細胞凝集塊を回収し、細胞凝集塊を構成する細胞を分散培養するステップ Step (3)
In the manufacturing method of the present invention, preferably, the following step (3) is performed in addition to steps (1) and (2).
(3) A step of recovering the cell aggregate obtained in step (2) and dispersing and culturing the cells constituting the cell aggregate
本発明の第2の局面は、視床下部組織と下垂体組織を含む細胞構造体(以下、「ハイブリッド型細胞構造体」とも呼ぶ)の製造方法に関する。本発明の製造方法では、以下のステップ(i)~(iii)を行う。尚、特に言及しない事項については、上記第1の局面と同様であり、対応する説明が援用される。
(i)ヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を、骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及びShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で浮遊培養するステップ
(ii)ステップ(i)で形成された細胞凝集塊を、骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及びShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で更に浮遊培養するステップ
(iii)ステップ(ii)で得られた細胞凝集塊を、下垂体及び視床下部の同時誘導に適した培地中で浮遊培養するステップ 2. Method for Producing Cell Structure Containing Hypothalamic Tissue and Pituitary Tissue The second aspect of the present invention relates to a cell structure containing hypothalamic tissue and pituitary tissue (hereinafter also referred to as “hybrid cell structure”). It relates to a manufacturing method. In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the following steps (i) to (iii) are performed. Note that matters not particularly mentioned are the same as those in the first aspect, and corresponding explanations are incorporated.
(I) A step of suspending the aggregate of human pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing a bone morphogenetic factor signal transduction pathway activator and a Shh signal pathway activator (ii) Cell aggregation formed in step (i) The suspension is further cultured in suspension in a medium containing a bone morphogenetic factor signaling pathway activator and a Shh signaling pathway activator. (Iii) The cell aggregate obtained in step (ii) is added to the pituitary and hypothalamus. Step of suspension culture in a medium suitable for simultaneous induction
ステップ(i)では、まず、本発明の第1の局面の場合と同様の手段でヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を用意し、骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及びShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で浮遊培養する。 Step (i)
In step (i), first, an aggregate of human pluripotent stem cells is prepared by the same means as in the first aspect of the present invention, and an osteogenic factor signal transduction pathway activator and a Shh signal pathway activator are prepared. Suspend culture in medium containing.
(A)複数の培養コンパートメントを用意し、1つの培養コンパートメントに1つのヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊が含まれるように、質的に均一な、ヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊の集団を播く。(例えば、96ウェルプレートの各ウェルにヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を1つずつ入れる。)そして、各培養コンパートメントにおいて、1つのヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及びShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で浮遊培養する。
(B)1つの培養コンパートメントに複数のヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊が含まれるように、質的に均一な、ヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊の集団を1つの培養コンパートメントに播く。(例えば、10cmディッシュに、複数のヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を入れる。)そして、当該コンパートメントにおいて、複数のヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及びShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で浮遊培養する。 In one preferred embodiment, a population of qualitatively uniform aggregates of human pluripotent stem cells is cultured in suspension in a medium containing an osteogenic factor signaling pathway activator and a Shh signaling pathway agonist. By using a population of qualitatively uniform aggregates of human pluripotent stem cells, the difference in the degree of differentiation between aggregates can be minimized and differentiation induction efficiency can be improved. Examples of suspension culture of a qualitatively uniform population of human pluripotent stem cell aggregates include the following aspects (A) and (B).
(A) Prepare multiple culture compartments and seed a qualitatively uniform population of human pluripotent stem cell aggregates so that one culture compartment contains one human pluripotent stem cell aggregate . (For example, one human pluripotent stem cell aggregate is placed in each well of a 96-well plate.) Then, in each culture compartment, one human pluripotent stem cell aggregate is converted into osteogenic factor signaling pathway activity. Suspension culture in a medium containing an activator and an Shh signaling pathway agonist.
(B) A qualitatively uniform population of human pluripotent stem cell aggregates is seeded in one culture compartment so that one culture compartment contains multiple human pluripotent stem cell aggregates. (For example, a plurality of human pluripotent stem cell aggregates are placed in a 10 cm dish.) In the compartment, a plurality of human pluripotent stem cell aggregates are combined with an osteogenic factor signaling pathway activator and an Shh signal. Suspension culture is performed in a medium containing a pathway agent.
ステップ(i)に続くステップ(ii)では、ステップ(i)で得られた細胞凝集塊を、骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及びShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で更に浮遊培養する。このステップによって、視床下部及び下垂体への更なる分化が誘導される。特に言及しない培養条件(培養方法(好ましくは静置培養が採用される)、フィーダー細胞の使用の可能性(好ましくはフィーダー細胞非存在下で培養する)、使用可能な培養器、使用する基礎培地、骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及びShhシグナル経路作用物質以外の添加物等)についてはステップ(i)と同様である。以下では、ステップ(ii)に特徴的な培養条件を説明する。 Step (ii)
In step (ii) following step (i), the cell aggregate obtained in step (i) is further subjected to suspension culture in a medium containing an osteogenic factor signal transduction pathway activator and a Shh signal pathway activator. This step induces further differentiation into the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Culture conditions not specifically mentioned (culture method (preferably stationary culture is adopted), possibility of using feeder cells (preferably cultured in the absence of feeder cells), usable incubator, basal medium used The additives other than the osteogenic factor signal transduction pathway activator and the Shh signal pathway activator are the same as in step (i). Hereinafter, the culture conditions characteristic to step (ii) will be described.
ステップ(ii)で得られた細胞凝集塊は更なる浮遊培養に供される。このステップの培養には、下垂体及び視床下部の同時誘導に適した培地が用いられる。換言すれば、培地組成を変更し、下垂体及び視床下部の同時誘導を促す。 Step (iii)
The cell aggregate obtained in step (ii) is subjected to further suspension culture. For this step, a medium suitable for simultaneous induction of the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus is used. In other words, the medium composition is changed to promote simultaneous induction of the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus.
(a)ステップ(ii)で得られた細胞凝集塊を、Shhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で更に浮遊培養するステップ In one aspect, the following step (a) is performed between step (ii) and step (iii).
(A) A step of further subjecting the cell aggregate obtained in step (ii) to suspension culture in a medium containing a substance acting on the Shh signal pathway
本発明の製造方法により得られた細胞構造体、即ち、背側若しくは腹側の視床下部組織を含む細胞構造体又はハイブリッド型細胞構造体、或いはその一部(細胞構造体を構成する組織又は細胞)は、例えば、移植医療に利用される。「細胞構造体の一部」は、メス等による裁断、タンパク質分解酵素やEDTA等による処理等によって調製することができる。移植医療などへの適用に先立って、調製した細胞を細胞表面マーカー、形態、分泌物質などを指標として精製ないし純化してもよい。 3. Cell structure, use of cells constituting cell structure, cell structure obtained by the production method of the present invention, that is, cell structure or hybrid cell structure including dorsal or ventral hypothalamic tissue, or A part (tissue or cell constituting the cell structure) is used for transplantation medicine, for example. “Part of the cell structure” can be prepared by cutting with a scalpel or the like, treatment with a proteolytic enzyme, EDTA, or the like. Prior to application to transplantation medicine or the like, the prepared cells may be purified or purified using cell surface markers, morphology, secretory substances, etc. as indicators.
1.ヒトES細胞から視床下部への分化誘導法の検討
(1)既報の方法の適用
Watayaらは、マウスES細胞から視床下部ニューロンへ分化誘導する方法を確立した(Wataya T. et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(33): 11796-11801 (2008).)。マウスES細胞を用いた場合には当該方法によってAVPニューロンへ分化することを確認した(図1左)。 A. Induction of differentiation from human ES cells Examination of differentiation induction method from human ES cell to hypothalamus (1) Application of previously reported method Wataya et al. Established a method to induce differentiation from mouse ES cell to hypothalamic neuron (Wataya T. et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 (33): 11796-11801 (2008).). When mouse ES cells were used, it was confirmed that they differentiated into AVP neurons by this method (left in FIG. 1).
凝集塊が形成しなかった原因が栄養不足にあると考え、gfCDMに血清代替物KSRを少量添加し、その効果を検証した。具体的には、gfCDM培地に2%、5%、10%、20%のKSRを混合してSFEBq法を施行した。18日目以降は、培養時の酸素分圧を40%とした。組織の分化を蛍光抗体法で解析した。 (2) Examination of ingredients in medium 1 (use of serum substitute)
Considering the lack of nutrition as the cause of the formation of no aggregates, a small amount of serum substitute KSR was added to gfCDM, and the effect was verified. Specifically, SFEBq method was performed by mixing 2%, 5%, 10%, and 20% KSR in gfCDM medium. After the 18th day, the oxygen partial pressure during culture was set to 40%. Tissue differentiation was analyzed by the fluorescent antibody method.
終脳へと位置情報がずれた原因はKSRが含む種々の成長因子にあると考え、骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質を添加することにした。具体的には、以下の条件で分化誘導を試みた。SFEBq法施行後6日目より3.0 nM程度の骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質を含む培地にて浮遊培養した。培養15日目の培地交換からは、骨形成因子シグナル伝達活性化物質を含まない培地を用いて半量の培地を交換することにした(従って、培養15日目以降は培地交換の度に骨形成因子シグナル伝達活性化物質の濃度が培地交換前の1/2になる)。培地交換の頻度は3日に1回である。 (3) Examination of components in the culture medium 2 (use of osteogenic factor signal transduction pathway activator)
It was thought that the cause of positional information shift to the telencephalon was due to various growth factors contained in KSR, and we decided to add a bone morphogenetic factor signal transduction pathway activator. Specifically, differentiation induction was attempted under the following conditions. From day 6 after the SFEBq method was applied, suspension culture was performed in a medium containing a bone morphogenetic factor signal transduction pathway activator of about 3.0 nM. From the medium exchange on the 15th day of culture, it was decided to replace half of the medium with a medium that does not contain the bone morphogenetic factor signaling activator. The concentration of the factor signaling activator is halved before the medium change). The frequency of medium change is once every 3 days.
神経網膜への分化が誘導された原因が腹側化因子の不足にあると考え、腹側化因子のShhシグナル(ShhアゴニストであるSAG)を追加することにした。具体的には、以下の条件で分化誘導を試みた。SFEBq法施行後6日目より少量の骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質(具体的例では1.5~2.0 nM)と少量のSAG(具体例では0.5 μM)を含む培地にて浮遊培養した。12日目より骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質のみ濃度を漸減し、SAGの濃度は維持した。Shhシグナルを加えることで、培養30日目においてRxとPax6が共陽性かつChx10陰性の細胞凝集塊を認め、視床下部前駆細胞へと分化させることが可能になった(図4左)。視床下部前駆細胞の分化効率は80%を超えた(図4右)。 (4) Examination of ingredients in medium 3 (Use of Shh signal pathway agonist)
We thought that the cause of the differentiation into the neural retina was the lack of ventralizing factor, so we decided to add a ventralizing factor Shh signal (SAG, which is a Shh agonist). Specifically, differentiation induction was attempted under the following conditions. From the 6th day after the SFEBq method was applied, suspension culture was performed in a medium containing a small amount of a bone morphogenetic factor signal transduction pathway activator (specific example: 1.5 to 2.0 nM) and a small amount of SAG (specific example: 0.5 μM). From day 12, only the bone morphogenetic factor signal transduction pathway activator was gradually reduced in concentration and the SAG concentration was maintained. By adding a Shh signal, Rx and Pax6 co-positive and Chx10-negative cell aggregates were observed on the 30th day of culture, and it was possible to differentiate into hypothalamic progenitor cells (left of FIG. 4). The differentiation efficiency of hypothalamic progenitor cells exceeded 80% (right side of FIG. 4).
背側視床下部と腹側視床下部を作り分けることを目指し、更に検討した。骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及びSAGの添加濃度と添加タイミング、Akt阻害剤の添加有無と濃度及びタイミングを検討した。背側視床下部条件としては、(4)の培養条件を採用した。一方、腹側視床下部への分化を促すために、BMP4の最終濃度を1.0 nMに変更した。加えて、Akt阻害剤を最終濃度0.5μMで培養開始6日目から添加した。 (5) Selective differentiation into dorsal hypothalamus or ventral hypothalamus A further study was conducted with the aim of separately creating the dorsal hypothalamus and ventral hypothalamus. The addition concentration and timing of the osteogenic factor signal transduction pathway activator and SAG, and the presence / absence, concentration and timing of the Akt inhibitor were examined. As the dorsal hypothalamic condition, the culture condition of (4) was adopted. On the other hand, in order to promote differentiation into the ventral hypothalamus, the final concentration of BMP4 was changed to 1.0 nM. In addition, an Akt inhibitor was added at a final concentration of 0.5 μM from the 6th day after the start of culture.
背側視床下部誘導条件にて浮遊培養を継続した結果、培養60日目にはOtpとBrn2の発現(一般に、OtpとBrn2陽性の視床下部は、AVPニューロンの前駆状態にあると考えられる)を確認し(図6)、培養103日目でAVP陽性細胞を少数認めた(図7)。誘導効率の向上を目指し、神経発生に有利とされる分散培養を組み入れることにした。具体的には、以下の条件で分化誘導を試みた。細胞凝集塊を分散し、Laminin, Poly-D-Lysine, Matrigelにてコーティングしたガラス板上に2×104~40×104 cells/cm2で細胞を播種し、DFNB培地にNT3、BDNF、CNTF、FBSを添加した培地にて平面培養を行った。尚、3日に1回の頻度で培地交換を行った。 (6) Optimization of dorsal hypothalamic induction conditions As a result of continuous suspension culture under dorsal hypothalamic induction conditions, Otp and Brn2 expression was observed on the 60th day of culture. A probable state of AVP neurons was confirmed (FIG. 6), and a few AVP positive cells were observed on day 103 of culture (FIG. 7). In order to improve the induction efficiency, we decided to incorporate a distributed culture that is advantageous for neurogenesis. Specifically, differentiation induction was attempted under the following conditions. Disperse the cell clumps, seed the cells at 2 × 10 4 to 40 × 10 4 cells / cm 2 on a glass plate coated with Laminin, Poly-D-Lysine, Matrigel, and add NT3, BDNF, Planar culture was performed in a medium supplemented with CNTF and FBS. The medium was changed once every three days.
上記条件((6)の欄)で分化誘導し、培養150日目に以下の方法でOXTニューロン、TRHニューロン、CRHニューロン、NPYニューロン、AgRPニューロン、POMCニューロン、MCHニューロン、及びOrexinニューロンを検出した。 (7) Appearance of other hypothalamic neurons Differentiation was induced under the above conditions (column (6)), and on the 150th day of culture, OXT neurons, TRH neurons, CRH neurons, NPY neurons, AgRP neurons, POMC neurons by the following method MCH neurons and Orexin neurons were detected.
視床下部と下垂体は、本来は機能的に不可分なものであることから、視床下部と下垂体が機能的に一体化した構造体は創薬スクリーニング等のツールとして、或いは移植材料として極めて有用である。そこで、視床下部と下垂体が機能的に一体化した構造体の構築を目指し、以下の検討を行った。Ozone Cらは、ヒトES細胞から下垂体への分化誘導方法を報告した(Functional anterior pituitary generated in self-organizing culture of human embryonic stem cells. Ozone C, Suga H, Eiraku M, Kadoshima T, Yonemura S, Takata N, Oiso Y, Tsuji T, Sasai Y. Nat Commun. 2016 Jan 14;7:10351. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10351.)。この方法を再現したところ、報告されている通り、初期の視床下部前駆細胞と下垂体原基とが同時誘導された。しかしながら、視床下部組織は培養途中で分化が停止し、視床下部ホルモンを発現するニューロンにまでは到達しない。そこで、培養前半は背側視床下部誘導条件に準じた条件(但し、骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質とShhシグナル経路作用物質の濃度を高く設定した。また、培養18日目の培地交換からは、骨形成因子シグナル伝達活性化物質を含まない培地を用いて半量の培地を交換することにした)とし、培養後半については、使用する培地の組成を改良し、下垂体のみならず視床下部への分化にも適するようにした。具体的には、上記ステップ(ii)に用いる培地と分散培養に用いる培地を容量比1:1で混合し、血清代替物(例えばKSR)を20%加えたものとし(図17を参照)、浮遊培養を継続した。 2. Simultaneous maturation of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are functionally inseparable in nature, so a structure in which the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are functionally integrated is a tool for drug discovery screening. Alternatively, it is extremely useful as a transplant material. Therefore, the following studies were conducted with the aim of constructing a structure in which the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland were functionally integrated. Ozone C et al. Reported a method of inducing differentiation from human ES cells to the pituitary gland (Functional anterior pituitary generated in self-organizing culture of human embryonic stem cells. Ozone C, Suga H, Eiraku M, Kadoshima T, Yonemura S, Takata N, Oiso Y, Tsuji T, Sasai Y. Nat Commun. 2016 Jan 14; 7: 10351. Doi: 10.1038 / ncomms10351.). When this method was reproduced, as reported, early hypothalamic progenitor cells and pituitary primordia were simultaneously induced. However, hypothalamic tissue stops differentiation during culture and does not reach neurons that express hypothalamic hormones. Therefore, in the first half of the culture, conditions according to the dorsal hypothalamic induction conditions (however, the concentrations of the osteogenic factor signal transduction pathway activator and the Shh signal pathway activator were set high. Decided to replace half of the medium with a medium that does not contain a bone morphogenetic signal transduction activator), and in the latter half of the culture, the composition of the medium used was improved and not only the pituitary but also the hypothalamus Also suitable for differentiation into. Specifically, the medium used in the above step (ii) and the medium used for dispersion culture are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1, and a serum substitute (for example, KSR) is added at 20% (see FIG. 17). Suspension culture was continued.
以上の検討によって、背側視床下部への分化誘導条件と腹側視床下部への分化誘導条件が見出された。また、視床下部と下垂体を同時に成熟させることにより、視床下部と下垂体が機能的に一体化した構造体の構築を可能にする分化誘導条件も判明した。好適な分化誘導条件の具体例(概要)を図14(背側視床下部)、図15(腹側視床下部)、図16、17(視床下部と下垂体の同時成熟)に示す。 3. Conclusion Based on the above studies, conditions for inducing differentiation into the dorsal hypothalamus and conditions for inducing differentiation into the ventral hypothalamus were found. In addition, the differentiation induction conditions that make it possible to construct a structure in which the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are functionally integrated by simultaneously maturing the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland were also found. Specific examples (outline) of suitable differentiation-inducing conditions are shown in FIG. 14 (dorsal hypothalamus), FIG. 15 (ventral hypothalamus), and FIGS. 16 and 17 (simultaneous maturation of hypothalamus and pituitary gland).
上記検討によって見出された分化誘導条件がヒトiPS細胞から視床下部を誘導すること、及び視床下部と下垂体の同時成熟に有効であることを確認するため、以下の検証実験を行った。 B. Induction of differentiation from human iPS cells In order to confirm that the differentiation-inducing conditions found by the above examination induce the hypothalamus from human iPS cells and are effective for simultaneous maturation of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, A verification experiment was conducted.
ヒトES細胞を用いた検討によって見出された背側視床下部誘導条件(A.1.(6)の欄を参照)でヒトiPS細胞(201B7株)を培養した。その結果、AVPニューロンの出現が確認された(図18)。 1. Appearance of hypothalamic AVP neurons Human iPS cells (strain 201B7) were cultured under dorsal hypothalamic induction conditions (see section A.1. (6)) found by studies using human ES cells. As a result, the appearance of AVP neurons was confirmed (FIG. 18).
(1)下垂体の成熟化
視床下部と下垂体の同時成熟に有効であった条件(A.2.の欄を参照)でヒトiPS細胞(201B7株)を培養した。培養60日目には下垂体組織と視床下部組織が認められ、下垂体組織にはACTHニューロンが検出された。また、長期培養によって下垂体組織からのACTHの分泌量が増加し(図19)、培養時間の経過に伴って下垂体組織の成熟化が進んでいることが確認された。 2. Simultaneous maturation of hypothalamus and pituitary gland (1) Maturation of pituitary gland Human iPS cells (strain 201B7) were cultured under conditions effective for simultaneous maturation of hypothalamus and pituitary gland (see column A.2). did. On day 60 of culture, pituitary and hypothalamic tissues were found, and ACTH neurons were detected in the pituitary tissues. Further, it was confirmed that the amount of ACTH secretion from the pituitary tissue increased by long-term culture (FIG. 19), and the maturation of the pituitary tissue progressed with the lapse of culture time.
培養70日目に下垂体組織と視床下部組織を分離し、下垂体組織のみで培養を継続した場合(図20A)と下垂体組織と視床下部組織を再度隣接させて培養した場合(図20B)で組織の成熟化を比較評価した。培養150日目で培養液中のACTH濃度を測定したところ、下垂体組織と視床下部組織を再度隣接させて培養した場合のACTH濃度が有意に高かった(図20右)。この結果は、二つの組織を隣接した状態で培養することがその成熟化に極めて重要であることを示唆する。 (2) Effect of adjacent hypothalamus and pituitary gland When pituitary tissue and hypothalamic tissue were separated on the 70th day of culture and culture was continued with only the pituitary tissue (FIG. 20A), pituitary tissue and hypothalamic tissue When the cells were cultured next to each other (FIG. 20B), the maturation of the tissues was compared and evaluated. When the ACTH concentration in the culture medium was measured on the 150th day of culture, the ACTH concentration was significantly higher when the pituitary tissue and the hypothalamic tissue were cultured again adjacent to each other (right side of FIG. 20). This result suggests that culturing two tissues adjacent to each other is extremely important for their maturation.
(1)の条件で培養して得られた下垂体組織の機能を評価するため、CRHを用いたACTH刺激試験(図21右)を行った。試験方法は既報(Ozone C et al., Functional anterior pituitary generated in self-organizing culture of human embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun. 2016 Jan 14;7:10351.)の方法に準じた(CRHは5μg/mlで添加)。試験の結果、CRHに反応してACTHが分泌すること、即ち、機能的なACTHニューロンが得られていることが示された(図21左)。尚、蛍光抗体法で解析し、ACTH陽性細胞がCRH-R1陽性であることも確認した(図21中央)。 (3)
In order to evaluate the function of the pituitary tissue obtained by culturing under the condition (1), an ACTH stimulation test using CRH (right in FIG. 21) was performed. The test method was in accordance with the method already reported (Ozone C et al., Functional anterior pituitary generated in self-organizing culture of human embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun. 2016 Jan 14; 7: 10351.). CRH is 5 μg / ml. Addition). As a result of the test, it was shown that ACTH was secreted in response to CRH, that is, functional ACTH neurons were obtained (FIG. 21 left). In addition, it analyzed by the fluorescent antibody method, and also confirmed that the ACTH positive cell was CRH-R1 positive (FIG. 21 center).
(1)の条件で培養して得られた下垂体組織の機能を更に評価するため、デキサメサゾンを用いたACTH抑制試験(図22右)を行った。CRH添加による刺激を行う際にデキサメサゾンを500ng/mlで添加し(試験群)、デキサメサゾンを添加しない場合(コンロール群)とACTH分泌量を比較した。試験の結果、デキサメサゾンによってACTHの分泌が抑制された(図22左)。即ち、ステロイドによるネガティブフィードバックが生ずる機能的な下垂体組織が形成されていることが確認された。 (4) Functional evaluation of
In order to further evaluate the function of the pituitary tissue obtained by culturing under the condition (1), an ACTH suppression test using dexamethasone (FIG. 22 right) was performed. When stimulating with CRH addition, dexamethasone was added at 500 ng / ml (test group), and when no dexamethasone was added (control group), ACTH secretion was compared. As a result of the test, the secretion of ACTH was suppressed by dexamethasone (FIG. 22 left). That is, it was confirmed that a functional pituitary tissue in which a negative feedback by steroid occurs was formed.
(1)の条件で培養して得られた下垂体組織の機能を更に評価するため、CRH-R1阻害薬(Antalarmin、NBI2719)を用いたACTH抑制試験を行った(図23右)。CRH添加による刺激を行う際にCRH-R1阻害薬を10-5Mで添加し(試験群)、CRH-R1阻害薬を添加しない場合(コンロール群)とACTH分泌量を比較した。試験の結果、CRH-R1阻害薬によってACTHの分泌が抑制された(図23左と中央)。この結果は、ACTHニューロン(ACTH陽性細胞)がCRHニューロン(CRH陽性細胞)の制御を受けて機能していることを示唆する。 (5) Functional evaluation of
In order to further evaluate the function of the pituitary tissue obtained by culturing under the conditions of (1), an ACTH suppression test using a CRH-R1 inhibitor (Antalarmin, NBI2719) was performed (FIG. 23 right). When stimulating with CRH addition, CRH-R1 inhibitor was added at 10 -5 M (test group), and when no CRH-R1 inhibitor was added (control group), ACTH secretion was compared. As a result of the test, the secretion of ACTH was suppressed by the CRH-R1 inhibitor (FIG. 23 left and center). This result suggests that ACTH neurons (ACTH positive cells) are functioning under the control of CRH neurons (CRH positive cells).
同時成熟によって得られた構造体の低血糖ストレスへの反応性を評価した(図24右)。低グルコース刺激によるACTH分泌量の変化を調べた結果、低グルコース刺激に反応してACTH分泌量が増大し(図24左)、この反応性はCHRH-R1阻害薬によって減弱した(図24中央)。これらの結果は、同時成熟によって得られた構造体に含まれるACTHニューロン(ACTH陽性細胞)が視床下部の制御を受けて機能していることを示唆するとともに、視床下部と下垂体が機能的に一体化した構造体が形成されていることを裏づける。 (6) Functional evaluation of a structure in which the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are integrated The reactivity of the structure obtained by simultaneous maturation to hypoglycemic stress was evaluated (right in FIG. 24). As a result of examining changes in the amount of ACTH secreted by low glucose stimulation, ACTH secretion increased in response to low glucose stimulation (FIG. 24 left), and this reactivity was attenuated by a CHRH-R1 inhibitor (middle of FIG. 24). . These results suggest that ACTH neurons (ACTH positive cells) contained in the structure obtained by simultaneous maturation function under the control of the hypothalamus, and that the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are functional. This confirms that an integrated structure is formed.
Claims (20)
- 以下のステップ(1)及び(2)を含む、視床下部組織を含む細胞構造体の製造方法:
(1)ヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を、低濃度の骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及び低濃度のShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で浮遊培養するステップ、
(2)ステップ(1)で得られた細胞凝集塊を、低濃度のShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で更に浮遊培養するステップ。 A method for producing a cellular structure containing hypothalamic tissue, comprising the following steps (1) and (2):
(1) Suspension culture of aggregates of human pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing a low concentration of an osteogenic factor signaling pathway activator and a low concentration of an Shh signaling pathway activator;
(2) A step of further subjecting the cell aggregate obtained in step (1) to suspension culture in a medium containing a low-concentration Shh signal pathway agent. - ステップ(2)を高酸素分圧条件下で行う、請求項1に記載の製造方法。 The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein step (2) is performed under a high oxygen partial pressure condition.
- 以下のステップ(3)を更に含む、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法:
(3)ステップ(2)で得られた細胞凝集塊を回収し、細胞凝集塊を構成する細胞を分散培養するステップ。 The production method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the following step (3):
(3) A step of recovering the cell aggregate obtained in step (2) and dispersing and culturing the cells constituting the cell aggregate. - ステップ(3)を高酸素分圧条件下で行う、請求項3に記載の製造方法。 The manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein step (3) is performed under a high oxygen partial pressure condition.
- ステップ(1)における前記骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質がBMP4であり、培地中のその濃度が0.1 nM~5.0 nMであり、
ステップ(1)及び(2)における前記Shhシグナル経路作用物質がSAGであり、培地中のその濃度が0.1μM~2.0μMであり、
前記ステップ(1)及び(2)によって背側視床下部組織への分化が誘導される、
請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。 The osteogenic factor signaling pathway activator in step (1) is BMP4, and its concentration in the medium is 0.1 nM to 5.0 nM;
The Shh signaling pathway agent in steps (1) and (2) is SAG, and its concentration in the medium is 0.1 μM to 2.0 μM;
Differentiation into dorsal hypothalamic tissue is induced by steps (1) and (2),
The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4. - 前記背側視床下部組織はバゾプレシンニューロン、オキシトシンニューロン、甲状腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモンニューロン、コルチコトロピン放出ホルモンニューロン及びニューロペプチドYニューロンからなる群より選択される一以上のニューロンを含む、請求項5に記載の製造方法。 6. The production of claim 5, wherein the dorsal hypothalamic tissue comprises one or more neurons selected from the group consisting of vasopressin neurons, oxytocin neurons, thyroid stimulating hormone releasing hormone neurons, corticotropin releasing hormone neurons and neuropeptide Y neurons. Method.
- ステップ(1)における前記骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質がBMP4であり、培地中のその濃度が0.1 nM~3.0 nMであり、
ステップ(1)及び(2)における前記Shhシグナル経路作用物質がSAGであり、培地中のその濃度が0.1μM~2.0μMであり、
前記培地がAkt阻害剤を更に含み、
前記ステップ(1)及び(2)によって腹側視床下部組織への分化が誘導される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。 The osteogenic factor signaling pathway activator in step (1) is BMP4, and its concentration in the medium is 0.1 nM to 3.0 nM;
The Shh signaling pathway agent in steps (1) and (2) is SAG, and its concentration in the medium is 0.1 μM to 2.0 μM;
The medium further comprises an Akt inhibitor;
The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein differentiation into a ventral hypothalamic tissue is induced by the steps (1) and (2). - 前記腹側視床下部組織はアグーチ関連タンパク質ニューロン、プロオピオメラノコルチンニューロン、メラニン凝集ホルモンニューロン及びOrexinニューロンからなる群より選択される一以上のニューロンを含む、請求項7に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to claim 7, wherein the ventral hypothalamic tissue includes one or more neurons selected from the group consisting of agouti-related protein neurons, proopiomelanocortin neurons, melanin-concentrating hormone neurons, and Orexin neurons.
- 前記浮遊培養をフィーダー細胞の非存在下で行う、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the suspension culture is performed in the absence of feeder cells.
- ステップ(1)における前記凝集塊が、分散させたヒト多能性幹細胞の浮遊培養によって形成される、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the aggregate in step (1) is formed by suspension culture of dispersed human pluripotent stem cells.
- 前記浮遊培養を無血清凝集浮遊培養法で行う、請求項10に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to claim 10, wherein the suspension culture is performed by a serum-free agglutination suspension culture method.
- 以下のステップ(i)~(iii)を含む、視床下部組織と下垂体組織を含む細胞構造体の製造方法:
(i)ヒト多能性幹細胞の凝集塊を、骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及びShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で浮遊培養するステップ、
(ii)ステップ(i)で形成された細胞凝集塊を、骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質及びShhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で更に浮遊培養するステップ、
(iii)ステップ(ii)で得られた細胞凝集塊を、下垂体及び視床下部の同時誘導に適した培地中で浮遊培養するステップ A method for producing a cell structure comprising hypothalamic tissue and pituitary tissue, comprising the following steps (i) to (iii):
(I) a suspension culture of aggregates of human pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing an osteogenic factor signal transduction pathway activator and a Shh signal pathway activator;
(Ii) further suspension-culturing the cell aggregate formed in step (i) in a medium containing a bone morphogenetic factor signal transduction pathway activator and a Shh signal pathway activator;
(Iii) A step of culturing the cell aggregate obtained in step (ii) in suspension in a medium suitable for simultaneous induction of the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus - ステップ(ii)及び(iii)を高酸素分圧条件下で行う、請求項12に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to claim 12, wherein steps (ii) and (iii) are performed under high oxygen partial pressure conditions.
- ステップ(ii)とステップ(iii)の間に以下のステップ(a)を行い、ステップ(iii)ではステップ(a)で得られた細胞凝集塊を浮遊培養する、請求項12又は13に記載の製造方法:
(a)ステップ(ii)で得られた細胞凝集塊を、Shhシグナル経路作用物質を含む培地中で更に浮遊培養するステップ。 The following step (a) is performed between step (ii) and step (iii), and the cell aggregate obtained in step (a) is suspended and cultured in step (iii). Production method:
(A) A step of further subjecting the cell aggregate obtained in step (ii) to suspension culture in a medium containing an Shh signal pathway agent. - ステップ(a)を高酸素分圧条件下で行う、請求項12~14のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein step (a) is performed under high oxygen partial pressure conditions.
- 前記浮遊培養をフィーダー細胞の非存在下で行う、請求項12~15のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the suspension culture is performed in the absence of feeder cells.
- ステップ(i)における前記凝集塊が、分散させたヒト多能性幹細胞の浮遊培養によって形成される、請求項12~16のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the aggregate in step (i) is formed by suspension culture of dispersed human pluripotent stem cells.
- 骨形成因子シグナル伝達経路活性化物質がBMP4である、請求項12~17のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein the bone morphogenetic factor signal transduction pathway activator is BMP4.
- Shhシグナル経路作用物質がSAGである、請求項12~18のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to any one of claims 12 to 18, wherein the substance acting on the Shh signal pathway is SAG.
- 請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法で得られる細胞構造体。 A cell structure obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 19.
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