WO2017126030A1 - Power control device - Google Patents

Power control device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017126030A1
WO2017126030A1 PCT/JP2016/051431 JP2016051431W WO2017126030A1 WO 2017126030 A1 WO2017126030 A1 WO 2017126030A1 JP 2016051431 W JP2016051431 W JP 2016051431W WO 2017126030 A1 WO2017126030 A1 WO 2017126030A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
conversion unit
power conversion
sensor
control unit
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PCT/JP2016/051431
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
太郎 木村
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三菱電機株式会社
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Application filed by 三菱電機株式会社 filed Critical 三菱電機株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2016/051431 priority Critical patent/WO2017126030A1/en
Priority to JP2017562195A priority patent/JPWO2017126030A1/en
Publication of WO2017126030A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017126030A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power control device including a power conversion unit that converts DC power supplied from a storage battery into AC power, supplies the AC power to a load, and charges the storage battery with power supplied from a solar module or a commercial system.
  • the uninterruptible power supply structure shown in Patent Document 1 charges a storage battery by charging means, and converts DC power supplied from the storage battery into AC power by an inverter and supplies it to a load during a power failure.
  • a storage battery is incorporated in a side table used in a living room or bedroom.
  • Patent Document 1 assumes the following scene. (1) Supply power to the lighting installed in the house. (2) To assist the power when transporting the transportable bed. (3) To assist temporary power when using a medical device cordlessly.
  • the conventional power control apparatus supplies power to a relatively small load or temporarily supplies power to the load.
  • Patent Document 1 As described above, the conventional power control apparatus represented by Patent Document 1 is assumed to supply power to a relatively small load or temporarily supply power to the load.
  • the power supplied to these loads is as described above. It may be greater than the power supplied.
  • charge / discharge control of a storage battery connected to the power control device is performed for a long time.
  • a roaring sound may be generated with the on / off operation of the switching elements of the inverter circuit and the converter circuit that constitute the power converter.
  • the installation location of the power control device may be limited, and sufficient power may not be supplied to the load, or it may be expensive to install parts for mitigating uncomfortable elements . Therefore, there has been a demand for a power control apparatus that can suppress elements that people feel uncomfortable without taking these measures.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a power control apparatus that can suppress the generation of elements that people feel uncomfortable.
  • a power control apparatus of the present invention includes a storage battery, a power conversion unit that converts DC power supplied from the storage battery into AC power, and outputs the power conversion unit.
  • a control unit for controlling, and a human sensor for detecting a person existing around the power conversion unit the control unit increases the operating efficiency of the power conversion unit when no human is detected by the human sensor, When a person is detected by the human sensor, the power conversion unit is controlled so as to reduce the operation efficiency of the power conversion unit.
  • the figure which shows typically the house in which the electric power control apparatus which concerns on embodiment was installed The figure which shows the example which installed the power control apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the bed
  • the figure which shows an example of the converter circuit incorporated in the power converter shown in FIG. The figure which shows the relationship between the operating frequency and operating efficiency of the power converter shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a house in which a power control apparatus according to an embodiment is installed.
  • a power control apparatus 100 according to the embodiment, a solar module 2 that generates DC power corresponding to the amount of solar radiation, and a load 5 in the house.
  • the solar power module 2, the commercial system 4, and the load 5 are connected to the power control apparatus 100.
  • the solar module 2 is an example of a natural energy power source.
  • the AC power of the commercial system 4 is AC 100V 50 Hz / 60 Hz power or AC 200 V 50 Hz / 60 Hz power.
  • the load 5 is a device driven by AC power.
  • An example of the load 5 is an electric device such as a radio, an air conditioner, a refrigerator, lighting, a cooking device, a telephone, a television, a lift, a ventilator, or an audio.
  • the load 5 connected to the power control apparatus 100 is supplied with power as follows. (1) AC power supplied from the commercial system 4 is input to the load 5. (2) The power control apparatus 100 includes the storage battery 6, and the power stored in the storage battery 6 is converted into AC power by the power control apparatus 100, and the converted AC power is supplied to the load 5. (3) DC power supplied from the solar module 2 is converted into AC power by the power control device 100, and the converted AC power is supplied to the load 5.
  • DC power supplied from the solar module 2 is sometimes converted to AC power by the power control device 100 and then sold to the commercial system 4 side as necessary.
  • the power control apparatus 100 having the storage battery 6 is large enough to supply large power. Therefore, in order to install the power control apparatus 100, a certain space is required in the house 1.
  • housing 1 is equipped with housing equipment such as beds, sofas and storage shelves. In these housing equipment, an unused space may be formed in the housing of the housing equipment.
  • an unused space may be formed in the storage part inside the staircase.
  • the power control apparatus 100 is installed by utilizing these spaces existing in the house 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example in which the power control apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is installed on a bed.
  • FIG. 2 shows a bed casing 30 which is an example of a housing equipment, a mattress 11 disposed above the bed casing 30, and a power control apparatus 100 installed in the bed casing 30.
  • the bed housing 30 includes a back board 32 that is a flat plate member on which the mattress 11 is installed, a head board 31, and a foot board 33.
  • the head board 31 supports one end of the back board 32 in the horizontal direction.
  • the foot board 33 supports the other end of the rear board 32 in the horizontal direction.
  • the power control apparatus 100 includes a storage battery 6, a power conversion unit 8, a human sensor 110, a vibration sensor 101, a noise sensor 105, and a control unit 7 that controls the charge / discharge operation of the power conversion unit 8.
  • the storage battery 6 is a rechargeable secondary battery.
  • the storage battery 6 is a lead storage battery, a redox flow battery, a sodium sulfur battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a lithium ion battery, an electric double layer capacitor, a flywheel battery, or a superconducting power storage device.
  • the power conversion unit 8 is a bidirectional power conversion means.
  • the power conversion unit 8 converts the power supplied from the solar module 2 or the commercial system 4 into power that can be supplied to the storage battery 6 and outputs the power, and converts the DC power supplied from the storage battery 6 into AC power. Output function.
  • FIG. 2 shows an infrared sensor 102, a weight sensor 103, and a temperature sensor 104 as an example of the human sensor 110.
  • the infrared sensor 102 detects the amount of infrared radiation radiated from the face or body surface existing around the bed and outputs it as a detection signal.
  • the weight sensor 103 detects the weight of the person sitting on the mattress 11 and outputs it as a detection signal.
  • the temperature sensor 104 detects the temperature of the person sitting on the mattress 11 and outputs it as a detection signal.
  • the type of the human sensor 110 is not limited to these, and may be an imaging camera that captures the periphery of the bed, or a sound sensor that detects sounds around the bed.
  • the power control apparatus 100 determines whether or not there is a person around the power control apparatus 100 by using any one or a plurality of these human sensors 110. Details of the determination operation will be described later.
  • the vibration sensor 101 detects the frequency of vibration of the power conversion unit 8 main body or the bed housing 30 generated along with the operation of the power conversion unit 8 and the intensity of the vibration, and outputs it as a detection signal.
  • the noise sensor 105 outputs a detection signal corresponding to the level of sound generated around the bed.
  • the frequency of sound generated along with the operation of the power converter 8 and the intensity of the sound are detected and output as a detection signal.
  • the power control device 100 uses at least one of the vibration sensor 101 and the noise sensor 105 to determine whether the noise level or vibration level generated by the power conversion unit 8 is less than a certain value. Details of the determination operation will be described later.
  • control unit 7 increases the driving efficiency of the power conversion unit 8 when no person is detected by the human sensor 110, and decreases the driving efficiency of the power conversion unit 8 when a human is detected by the human sensor 110.
  • the power converter 8 is controlled. Details of control of the power conversion unit 8 by the control unit 7 will be described later.
  • a part of the bed space 34 may be used for storage, but a part not used for storage may be unused space.
  • Some of the devices constituting the power control apparatus 100 are installed in an unused space that exists below the bed casing 30.
  • the storage battery 6, the power converter 8, the controller 7, the noise sensor 105, and the vibration sensor 101 are installed in the space 34.
  • the power control apparatus 100 can be installed while maintaining a conventional living space without preparing a new installation space.
  • the infrared sensor 102 is installed on the headboard 31, but the position of the infrared sensor 102 may be on the footboard 33 side or around the bed other than the headboard 31.
  • the power converter 8 converts the AC power into a DC voltage having an appropriate value according to the specifications of the storage battery 6. At this time, the power converter 8 sequentially controls the charging voltage or the charging current so that the charging current does not become an excessive value and the charging characteristics of the storage battery 6 are deteriorated.
  • the power conversion unit 8 converts the voltage of the DC power into a DC voltage having an appropriate value according to the specifications of the storage battery 6. Then, the power converter 8 sequentially controls the charging voltage or charging current in the same manner as described above.
  • the power conversion unit 8 converts the DC power supplied from the storage battery 6 into AC power having a value capable of driving the load 5. Convert and output.
  • the control unit 7 controls the power conversion unit 8 while monitoring the power conversion unit 8 so that these are performed appropriately.
  • the control unit 7 controls the power conversion unit 8 so as to turn on and off the current input to the power conversion unit 8 at a constant cycle.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a converter circuit built in the power conversion unit shown in FIG.
  • the converter circuit 81 built in the power conversion unit 8 includes a coil 20, an IGBT 21, a diode 22, and a smoothing capacitor 23.
  • the control unit 7 generates a PWM signal for controlling the switching operation of the IGBT 21.
  • control unit 7 controls the IGBT 21 so that the IGBT 21 performs a switching operation at regular intervals.
  • the ratio of the time during which current flows through the coil 20 and the time during which no current flows changes.
  • control unit 7 constantly monitors the voltage value output to the storage battery 6, increases the on-duty of the PWM signal when the voltage value is low, and turns on the PWM signal when the voltage value is high.
  • the IGBT 21 is controlled so as to reduce the duty.
  • the boosted voltage is smoothed by the diode 22 and the smoothing capacitor 23 and applied to the storage battery 6.
  • the control unit 7 measures the changed voltage value and current value, repeats the feedback, and changes the ratio of the on / off time of the IGBT 21 at a constant period.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the operating frequency and the operating efficiency of the power converter shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 represents the operating frequency when the IGBT 21 shown in FIG. 3 performs the switching operation.
  • the vertical axis in FIG. 4 indicates the operating efficiency of the power conversion unit 8 shown in FIG.
  • the IGBT 21 operates in a range of 5 kHz to 20 kHz, which is an operating frequency at which the operation efficiency is relatively high.
  • the IGBT 21 is operated at an operating frequency of 10 kHz or more, and the coil 20 and the smoothing capacitor 23 having specifications that allow the power converter 8 to operate efficiently at the operating frequency are selected, and the circuit is assembled. Yes.
  • the components constituting the power conversion unit 8 vibrate when the current flows through the coil 20.
  • This vibration may resonate with a member that fixes the control unit 7 and the power conversion unit 8, for example, the head board 31 or the foot board 33 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the charge / discharge current of the storage battery shown in FIG. 2 and the vibration level or noise level.
  • FIG. 5 represents the charge / discharge current of the storage battery 6.
  • the vertical axis in FIG. 5 indicates the level of vibration or noise described above.
  • the vibration or noise increases or decreases in proportion to the charge / discharge current value of the storage battery 6 as shown in FIG.
  • the vibration or noise exceeds a certain level, it becomes a level in the human audible range, which becomes an unpleasant factor.
  • the constant level is assumed to be 30 dB.
  • the power converter 8 should be operated so that the level of vibration or noise is not recognized as an uncomfortable factor.
  • the storage battery 6 cannot cover the power required by the load 5 or the charging time of the storage battery 6 becomes longer.
  • the storage battery 6, the control unit 7, and the power conversion unit 8 are installed in the housing equipment closely related to the user's life, these devices may operate near the user. In addition, these devices may operate even in a quiet environment such as early morning or night.
  • the storage battery 6, the control unit 7, and the power conversion unit 8 are accommodated in the bed casing 30.
  • the area around the bedroom is extremely quiet, and there are users on the mattress 11 placed above these devices.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the power control apparatus according to the embodiment.
  • the power control device 100 is activated when operated by the user, or activated when a preset time is reached, and starts the charging operation or discharging operation of the storage battery 6 (S1).
  • the control unit 7 determines whether or not there is a person around the power control device 100 based on the output of the human sensor 110 (S2).
  • control unit 7 determines that there is a person around the power control device 100.
  • the control unit 7 determines that there is no person around the power control device 100.
  • the control unit 7 determines that there is a person on the mattress 11. When there is no output from the weight sensor 103, the control unit 7 determines that there is no person on the mattress 11.
  • the control unit 7 determines that a person is present on the mattress 11. When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 104 is less than a certain value, the control unit 7 determines that there is no person around the power control apparatus 100.
  • control unit 7 When there is a person around the power control apparatus 100 (S2, Yes), the control unit 7 performs the determination of S3.
  • control unit 7 When there is no person around the power control apparatus 100 (S2, No), the control unit 7 performs the process of S7.
  • control unit 7 determines whether or not the noise level around the power control device 100 is less than a certain value based on the detection signal of the noise sensor 105.
  • the detection signal of the noise sensor 105 is used, but the noise level may be determined using the detection signal of the vibration sensor 101 instead of the detection signal of the noise sensor 105.
  • the reason for determining whether or not the noise level is below a certain value is as follows.
  • the operating sound or vibration level of the power control device 100 is above a certain level.
  • the operation sound or vibration of the power control apparatus 100 can be an unpleasant factor. Therefore, when it is determined in S2 that there is a person around the power control apparatus 100, it is desirable to reduce the operating sound or vibration level of the power control apparatus 100 to approach a quiet environment.
  • control unit 7 determines whether or not the operation sound or vibration of the power control apparatus 100 can be an uncomfortable factor by determining whether or not the noise level is less than a certain value in the operation of S3.
  • the control unit 7 performs the process of S7.
  • control unit 7 is set with a time limit for reducing the operation efficiency of the power conversion unit 8.
  • control unit 7 determines whether or not the current time is within the set time limit.
  • a quiet environment is required for sleeping hours early in the morning or at night.
  • a quiet environment is required during the daytime when the baby is sleeping.
  • control unit 7 performs the process of S5.
  • control unit 7 performs the process of S7.
  • control unit 7 performs control so as to increase the operating frequency of the power conversion unit 8 during the time limit. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the operating frequency of the power conversion unit 8 is increased to a value that takes into account the volume generated by the power conversion unit 8. That is, the control unit 7 controls the power conversion unit 8 so as to reduce the operation efficiency.
  • the power conversion unit 8 operates in a region outside the possible range by increasing the operating frequency as shown in FIG.
  • the control unit 7 limits the charging / discharging current.
  • the charge / discharge current of the power conversion unit 8 is reduced to a value that takes into account the sound volume generated in the power conversion unit 8.
  • control unit 7 sets the operating frequency to a value corresponding to the maximum efficiency operating point shown in FIG.
  • control unit 7 does not limit the charge / discharge current, and sets the value of the charge / discharge current to a value corresponding to the maximum efficiency operating point shown in FIG.
  • control unit 7 continues the operation of S1 again after continuing either the driving operation that does not make the person uncomfortable or the driving operation at the maximum efficiency operating point for a certain period of time. Further, after a predetermined time, the output of each sensor is read again, and the processes of S2 to S8 are repeated.
  • the infrared sensor 102 is installed on the head board 31, but the installation position of the infrared sensor 102 is not limited to the illustrated example, and may be a place other than the head board 31.
  • the mattress 11 is provided with a weight sensor 103 and a temperature sensor 104, but these sensors are not necessarily required for human detection.
  • the person around the bed is not necessarily a person who has a high probability of going to bed.
  • the weight sensor 103 and the temperature sensor 104 it is possible to discriminate a person who has a high probability of going to sleep among the people around the bed.
  • the weight sensor 103 and the temperature sensor 104 it is possible to more effectively suppress the occurrence of unpleasant elements that hinder the user's sleep.
  • the power control apparatus 100 may be installed in a space formed in furniture such as a sofa, a table, or a desk.
  • the power control apparatus 100 may be installed in an unused space such as a space under a kitchen floor, a space formed with a wall, a space formed at the top or bottom of a staircase, a space behind a ceiling, or a storage space under the floor. . Even when installed in these spaces, the occurrence of the unpleasant elements described above can be suppressed.
  • the present embodiment is not limited to this, and when the vibration level detected by the vibration sensor 101 exceeds a certain value using the vibration sensor 101 instead of the noise sensor 105, the vibration level is outside the human audible range. You may comprise so that the power converter 8 may be controlled.
  • the DC power output from the solar module 2 is input to the power converter 8, and the power converter 8 converts the DC power into AC power and supplies it to the load 5 or the commercial system 4.
  • the present embodiment is not limited to this, and the DC power of the solar module 2 is converted into AC power and supplied to the power converter 8.
  • a power module may be installed.
  • the power conversion unit 8 supplies AC power supplied from the power module to the load 5 or the commercial system 4, or converts the AC power into DC power to charge the storage battery 6.
  • the configuration described in the above embodiment shows an example of the contents of the present invention, and can be combined with another known technique, and can be combined with other configurations without departing from the gist of the present invention. It is also possible to omit or change the part.

Abstract

A power control device 100 is provided with: an accumulator battery 6 that is a secondary battery; a power conversion unit 8 that converts DC power supplied from the accumulator battery 6 to AC power, and outputs the AC power; a control unit 7 that controls the power conversion unit 8; and a human detection sensor 110 that detects a person who is in the vicinity of the power conversion unit 8. The control unit 7 controls the power conversion unit 8 so as to increase the operational efficiency of the power conversion unit 8 when no person is detected by the human detection sensor 110, and to decrease the operational efficiency of the power conversion unit 8 when a person has been detected by the human detection sensor 110.

Description

電力制御装置Power control device
　本発明は、蓄電池から供給される直流電力を交流電力に変換して負荷へ供給し、太陽光モジュールまたは商用系統から供給される電力で蓄電池を充電する電力変換部を備えた電力制御装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a power control device including a power conversion unit that converts DC power supplied from a storage battery into AC power, supplies the AC power to a load, and charges the storage battery with power supplied from a solar module or a commercial system.
　特許文献１に示す無停電電源供給構造は、充電手段によって蓄電池を充電し、停電時には蓄電池から供給される直流電力をインバータで交流電力に変換して負荷へ供給する。 The uninterruptible power supply structure shown in Patent Document 1 charges a storage battery by charging means, and converts DC power supplied from the storage battery into AC power by an inverter and supplies it to a load during a power failure.
　特許文献１に示す無停電電源供給構造では、リビングまたは寝室といった場所で使用するサイドテーブルに蓄電池が組み込まれている。 In the uninterruptible power supply structure shown in Patent Document 1, a storage battery is incorporated in a side table used in a living room or bedroom.
　特許文献１に代表される従来の電力制御装置は、以下のような場面を想定しているものである。
（１）住宅に設置された照明に電力を供給すること。
（２）運搬型ベッドを運搬する際の電力を補助すること。
（３）医療機器をコードレスで使用する際の一時的な電力を補助すること。 The conventional power control apparatus represented by Patent Document 1 assumes the following scene.
(1) Supply power to the lighting installed in the house.
(2) To assist the power when transporting the transportable bed.
(3) To assist temporary power when using a medical device cordlessly.
　このように従来の電力制御装置は、比較的小さな負荷へ電力を供給し、または一時的に負荷へ電力を供給することを想定している。 As described above, it is assumed that the conventional power control apparatus supplies power to a relatively small load or temporarily supplies power to the load.
特開２００７－３２５４７５号公報JP 2007-325475 A
　上記のように特許文献１に代表される従来の電力制御装置は、比較的小さな負荷へ電力を供給し、または一時的に負荷へ電力を供給することを想定している。 As described above, the conventional power control apparatus represented by Patent Document 1 is assumed to supply power to a relatively small load or temporarily supply power to the load.
　ところが住宅内に設置される様々な負荷に電力を供給する場合、または商業施設内の様々な負荷に電力を供給する場合には、これらの負荷に供給される電力は、上記のような場面で供給される電力よりも大きくなる場合がある。また、商用系統が長時間に渡り停電した場合には、電力制御装置に接続された蓄電池の充放電制御が長時間に渡って行われる場合も想定される。 However, when power is supplied to various loads installed in a house, or when power is supplied to various loads in a commercial facility, the power supplied to these loads is as described above. It may be greater than the power supplied. In addition, when a commercial system has a power failure for a long time, it is also assumed that charge / discharge control of a storage battery connected to the power control device is performed for a long time.
　一方、電力制御装置では、電力変換器を構成するインバータ回路およびコンバータ回路のスイッチング素子のオンオフ動作に伴い、うなり音が発生する場合がある。 On the other hand, in the power control apparatus, a roaring sound may be generated with the on / off operation of the switching elements of the inverter circuit and the converter circuit that constitute the power converter.
　また電力制御装置では、インバータ回路およびコンバータ回路の動作に伴い、振動が生じるだけでなく、インバータ回路およびコンバータ回路を構成する部品が持つ抵抗分により熱が生じる。 Further, in the power control apparatus, not only vibration is generated with the operation of the inverter circuit and the converter circuit, but heat is also generated due to the resistance component of the components constituting the inverter circuit and the converter circuit.
　特に、人の生活に密着したベッド、ソファまたは収納棚といった住宅機材内に電力変換器を設置した場合、これらの音、振動および熱が人にとって不快要素となり得る。 Especially, when a power converter is installed in a housing equipment such as a bed, sofa or storage shelf that is closely related to a person's life, these sounds, vibrations and heat can be an unpleasant factor for the person.
　不快要素の影響を人が受け難くするためには、以下のような対策が必要である。
（１）屋外に電力変換器を設置する。
（２）不快要素の発生を抑えるために負荷へ供給する電力量を抑制するように電力変換器を動作させる。
（３）発生した不快要素を緩和するための措置を施す。 In order to make it difficult for people to be affected by unpleasant elements, the following measures are necessary.
(1) Install a power converter outdoors.
(2) Operate the power converter so as to suppress the amount of power supplied to the load in order to suppress the occurrence of unpleasant elements.
(3) Take measures to alleviate the unpleasant elements that have occurred.
　このような対策を行う場合、電力制御装置の設置場所が制約され、負荷へ十分な電力を供給することができず、または不快要素を緩和するための部品を設置する費用がかかる可能性がある。従って、これらの対策を行うことなく人が不快と感じる要素を抑制できる電力制御装置が望まれていた。 When such measures are taken, the installation location of the power control device may be limited, and sufficient power may not be supplied to the load, or it may be expensive to install parts for mitigating uncomfortable elements . Therefore, there has been a demand for a power control apparatus that can suppress elements that people feel uncomfortable without taking these measures.
　本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであって、人が不快と感じる要素の発生を抑制できる電力制御装置を得ることを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a power control apparatus that can suppress the generation of elements that people feel uncomfortable.
　上述した課題を解決し、目的を達成するために、本発明の電力制御装置は、蓄電池と、蓄電池から供給される直流電力を交流電力に変換して出力する電力変換部と、電力変換部を制御する制御部と、電力変換部の周囲に存在する人を検出する人感センサと、を備え、制御部は、人感センサで人が検出されていないときには電力変換部の運転効率を高め、人感センサで人が検出されているときには電力変換部の運転効率を低めるように、電力変換部を制御する。 In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, a power control apparatus of the present invention includes a storage battery, a power conversion unit that converts DC power supplied from the storage battery into AC power, and outputs the power conversion unit. A control unit for controlling, and a human sensor for detecting a person existing around the power conversion unit, the control unit increases the operating efficiency of the power conversion unit when no human is detected by the human sensor, When a person is detected by the human sensor, the power conversion unit is controlled so as to reduce the operation efficiency of the power conversion unit.
　本発明によれば、人が不快と感じる要素の発生を抑制できるという効果を奏する。 According to the present invention, there is an effect that it is possible to suppress the generation of elements that people feel uncomfortable.
実施の形態に係る電力制御装置が設置された住宅を模式的に示す図The figure which shows typically the house in which the electric power control apparatus which concerns on embodiment was installed 図１に示す電力制御装置をベッドに設置した例を示す図The figure which shows the example which installed the power control apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the bed 図２に示す電力変換部に内蔵されるコンバータ回路の一例を示す図The figure which shows an example of the converter circuit incorporated in the power converter shown in FIG. 図２に示す電力変換部の動作周波数と運転効率との関係を示す図The figure which shows the relationship between the operating frequency and operating efficiency of the power converter shown in FIG. 図２に示す蓄電池の充放電電流と、振動レベルまたは騒音レベルとの関係を示す図The figure which shows the relationship between the charging / discharging electric current of the storage battery shown in FIG. 2, and a vibration level or a noise level 実施の形態に係る電力制御装置の動作を説明するためのフローチャートFlowchart for explaining the operation of the power control apparatus according to the embodiment
　以下に、本発明の実施の形態に係る電力制御装置を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。なお、この実施の形態によりこの発明が限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, a power control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
実施の形態．
　図１は実施の形態に係る電力制御装置が設置された住宅を模式的に示す図である。 Embodiment.
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a house in which a power control apparatus according to an embodiment is installed.
　図１に示す住宅１には、実施の形態に係る電力制御装置１００と、日射量に応じた直流電力を発生する太陽光モジュール２と、宅内の負荷５とが設置される。 1 is provided with a power control apparatus 100 according to the embodiment, a solar module 2 that generates DC power corresponding to the amount of solar radiation, and a load 5 in the house.
　電力制御装置１００には、太陽光モジュール２、商用系統４および負荷５が接続されている。 The solar power module 2, the commercial system 4, and the load 5 are connected to the power control apparatus 100.
　太陽光モジュール２は自然エネルギー電源の一例である。商用系統４の交流電力は、交流１００Ｖの５０Ｈｚ／６０Ｈｚの電力、または交流２００Ｖの５０Ｈｚ／６０Ｈｚの電力である。 The solar module 2 is an example of a natural energy power source. The AC power of the commercial system 4 is AC 100V 50 Hz / 60 Hz power or AC 200 V 50 Hz / 60 Hz power.
　負荷５は、交流電力で駆動する機器である。負荷５の一例としては、ラジオ、空気調和機、冷蔵庫、照明、調理機器、電話、テレビ、昇降機、換気装置、またはオーディオといった電気機器である。 The load 5 is a device driven by AC power. An example of the load 5 is an electric device such as a radio, an air conditioner, a refrigerator, lighting, a cooking device, a telephone, a television, a lift, a ventilator, or an audio.
　電力制御装置１００に接続される負荷５には、以下のように電力が供給される。
　（１）負荷５には、商用系統４から供給される交流電力が入力される。
　（２）電力制御装置１００は蓄電池６を備え、蓄電池６に蓄えられた電力が電力制御装置１００により交流電力に変換され、変換された交流電力が負荷５に供給される。
　（３）太陽光モジュール２から供給される直流電力が電力制御装置１００により交流電力に変換され、変換された交流電力が負荷５に供給される。 The load 5 connected to the power control apparatus 100 is supplied with power as follows.
(1) AC power supplied from the commercial system 4 is input to the load 5.
(2) The power control apparatus 100 includes the storage battery 6, and the power stored in the storage battery 6 is converted into AC power by the power control apparatus 100, and the converted AC power is supplied to the load 5.
(3) DC power supplied from the solar module 2 is converted into AC power by the power control device 100, and the converted AC power is supplied to the load 5.
　太陽光モジュール２から供給される直流電力は、電力制御装置１００により交流電力に変換された後、必要に応じて商用系統４側に売電されることもある。 DC power supplied from the solar module 2 is sometimes converted to AC power by the power control device 100 and then sold to the commercial system 4 side as necessary.
　負荷５を駆動する電力を賄うため、蓄電池６を有する電力制御装置１００は大電力を供給できる大型のものになる。従って電力制御装置１００を設置するため、住宅１には一定の空間が必要となる。 Since the power for driving the load 5 is covered, the power control apparatus 100 having the storage battery 6 is large enough to supply large power. Therefore, in order to install the power control apparatus 100, a certain space is required in the house 1.
　一方、住宅１にはベッド、ソファまたは収納棚といった住宅機材が設置されている。これらの住宅機材には、住宅機材の筐体内に未使用状態の空間が形成されている場合がある。 On the other hand, housing 1 is equipped with housing equipment such as beds, sofas and storage shelves. In these housing equipment, an unused space may be formed in the housing of the housing equipment.
　また住宅１に階段が設けられている場合、階段内部の収納部にも未使用状態の空間が形成されている場合がある。 In addition, when the house 1 has a staircase, an unused space may be formed in the storage part inside the staircase.
　またテーブルの下にも未使用状態の空間が存在し、収納棚の上端面と天井との間にも未使用状態の空間が存在する場合がある。 Also, there is an unused space under the table, and there may be an unused space between the upper end surface of the storage shelf and the ceiling.
　本実施の形態に係る電力制御装置１００は、住宅１に存在するこれらの空間を活用して設置されている。 The power control apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment is installed by utilizing these spaces existing in the house 1.
　以下、住宅１に設置されたベッドに電力制御装置１００を配置した例を説明する。 Hereinafter, an example in which the power control apparatus 100 is arranged on a bed installed in the house 1 will be described.
　図２は図１に示す電力制御装置をベッドに設置した例を示す図である。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example in which the power control apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is installed on a bed.
　図２には、住宅機材の一例であるベッド筐体３０と、ベッド筐体３０の上方に配置されるマットレス１１と、ベッド筐体３０に設置される電力制御装置１００とが示される。 FIG. 2 shows a bed casing 30 which is an example of a housing equipment, a mattress 11 disposed above the bed casing 30, and a power control apparatus 100 installed in the bed casing 30.
　ベッド筐体３０は、マットレス１１が設置され平板状部材である背面ボード３２と、ヘッドボード３１と、フットボード３３とを備える。 The bed housing 30 includes a back board 32 that is a flat plate member on which the mattress 11 is installed, a head board 31, and a foot board 33.
　ヘッドボード３１は、背面ボード３２の水平方向における一端部を支持する。フットボード３３は、背面ボード３２の水平方向における他端部を支持する。 The head board 31 supports one end of the back board 32 in the horizontal direction. The foot board 33 supports the other end of the rear board 32 in the horizontal direction.
　背面ボード３２の下方には、背面ボード３２とヘッドボード３１とフットボード３３とに囲まれた空間部３４が形成される。 Below the back board 32, a space 34 surrounded by the back board 32, the head board 31, and the foot board 33 is formed.
　電力制御装置１００は、蓄電池６と、電力変換部８と、人感センサ１１０と、振動センサ１０１と、騒音センサ１０５と、電力変換部８の充放電動作を制御する制御部７とを備える。 The power control apparatus 100 includes a storage battery 6, a power conversion unit 8, a human sensor 110, a vibration sensor 101, a noise sensor 105, and a control unit 7 that controls the charge / discharge operation of the power conversion unit 8.
　蓄電池６は、充放電可能な二次電池である。蓄電池６は、鉛蓄電池、レドックスフロー電池、ナトリウム硫黄電池、ニッケル水素電池、リチウムイオン電池、電気二重層キャパシタ、フライホイールバッテリー、または超電導電力貯蔵装置である。 The storage battery 6 is a rechargeable secondary battery. The storage battery 6 is a lead storage battery, a redox flow battery, a sodium sulfur battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a lithium ion battery, an electric double layer capacitor, a flywheel battery, or a superconducting power storage device.
　電力変換部８は、双方向電力変換手段である。電力変換部８は、太陽光モジュール２または商用系統４から供給される電力を蓄電池６に供給可能な電力に変換して出力する機能と、蓄電池６から供給される直流電力を交流電力に変換して出力する機能とを有する。 The power conversion unit 8 is a bidirectional power conversion means. The power conversion unit 8 converts the power supplied from the solar module 2 or the commercial system 4 into power that can be supplied to the storage battery 6 and outputs the power, and converts the DC power supplied from the storage battery 6 into AC power. Output function.
　図２には人感センサ１１０の一例として、赤外線センサ１０２、重量センサ１０３および温度センサ１０４が示される。 FIG. 2 shows an infrared sensor 102, a weight sensor 103, and a temperature sensor 104 as an example of the human sensor 110.
　赤外線センサ１０２は、ベッド周囲に存在する顔または体の表面から放射される赤外線量を検出し、検出信号として出力する。 The infrared sensor 102 detects the amount of infrared radiation radiated from the face or body surface existing around the bed and outputs it as a detection signal.
　重量センサ１０３は、マットレス１１に着座した人の重さを検出し、検出信号として出力する。 The weight sensor 103 detects the weight of the person sitting on the mattress 11 and outputs it as a detection signal.
　温度センサ１０４は、マットレス１１に着座した人の体温を検出し、検出信号として出力する。 The temperature sensor 104 detects the temperature of the person sitting on the mattress 11 and outputs it as a detection signal.
　人感センサ１１０の種類はこれらに限定されるものではなく、ベッドの周囲を撮像する撮像カメラ、またはベッドの周囲の音を検出する音センサであってもよい。 The type of the human sensor 110 is not limited to these, and may be an imaging camera that captures the periphery of the bed, or a sound sensor that detects sounds around the bed.
　本実施の形態の電力制御装置１００は、これらの人感センサ１１０の何れか１つ、または複数のセンサを用いて、電力制御装置１００の周囲に人が存在するか否かを判定する。当該判定動作の詳細は後述する。 The power control apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment determines whether or not there is a person around the power control apparatus 100 by using any one or a plurality of these human sensors 110. Details of the determination operation will be described later.
　振動センサ１０１は、電力変換部８の動作に伴って発生する電力変換部８本体またはベッド筐体３０の振動の周波数と、その振動の強度を検出し、検出信号として出力する。 The vibration sensor 101 detects the frequency of vibration of the power conversion unit 8 main body or the bed housing 30 generated along with the operation of the power conversion unit 8 and the intensity of the vibration, and outputs it as a detection signal.
　騒音センサ１０５は、ベッドの周囲で発生される音のレベルに対応した検出信号を出力する。電力変換部８の動作に伴って発生する音の周波数と、その音の強度を検出し、検出信号として出力する。 The noise sensor 105 outputs a detection signal corresponding to the level of sound generated around the bed. The frequency of sound generated along with the operation of the power converter 8 and the intensity of the sound are detected and output as a detection signal.
　電力制御装置１００は、振動センサ１０１および騒音センサ１０５の少なくとも一方を用いて、電力変換部８が発する騒音レベルまたは振動レベルが一定値未満であるか否かを判定する。当該判定動作の詳細は後述する。 The power control device 100 uses at least one of the vibration sensor 101 and the noise sensor 105 to determine whether the noise level or vibration level generated by the power conversion unit 8 is less than a certain value. Details of the determination operation will be described later.
　制御部７は、例えば人感センサ１１０で人が検出されていないときには電力変換部８の運転効率を高め、人感センサ１１０で人が検出されているときには電力変換部８の運転効率を低めるように電力変換部８を制御する。制御部７による電力変換部８の制御の詳細に関しては後述する。 For example, the control unit 7 increases the driving efficiency of the power conversion unit 8 when no person is detected by the human sensor 110, and decreases the driving efficiency of the power conversion unit 8 when a human is detected by the human sensor 110. The power converter 8 is controlled. Details of control of the power conversion unit 8 by the control unit 7 will be described later.
　ベッドの空間部３４は、その一部が収納に利用される場合もあるが、収納に利用されていない部分は未使用空間となっている場合もある。 A part of the bed space 34 may be used for storage, but a part not used for storage may be unused space.
　電力制御装置１００を構成する機器の一部は、このようなベッド筐体３０の下方に存在する未使用空間に設置されている。 Some of the devices constituting the power control apparatus 100 are installed in an unused space that exists below the bed casing 30.
　図２の例では、蓄電池６、電力変換部８、制御部７、騒音センサ１０５および振動センサ１０１が空間部３４に設置される。 2, the storage battery 6, the power converter 8, the controller 7, the noise sensor 105, and the vibration sensor 101 are installed in the space 34.
　空間部３４にこれらの機器を設置することにより、新たな設置空間を用意することなく、従来の居住空間を維持しつつ電力制御装置１００を設置することができる。 By installing these devices in the space section 34, the power control apparatus 100 can be installed while maintaining a conventional living space without preparing a new installation space.
　図２の例では赤外線センサ１０２がヘッドボード３１に設置されているが、赤外線センサ１０２の位置はフットボード３３側でもよいし、ヘッドボード３１以外のベッドの周囲でもよい。 In the example of FIG. 2, the infrared sensor 102 is installed on the headboard 31, but the position of the infrared sensor 102 may be on the footboard 33 side or around the bed other than the headboard 31.
　以下、蓄電池６の充放電動作を説明する。 Hereinafter, the charge / discharge operation of the storage battery 6 will be described.
　（充電時）
　商用系統４から供給される交流電力で蓄電池６を充電する場合、電力変換部８は、交流電力を、蓄電池６の仕様に従い適切な値の直流電圧に変換する。このとき電力変換部８は、充電電流が過大な値になり蓄電池６の充電特性を劣化させることがないように、充電電圧または充電電流を逐次制御する。 (When charging)
When charging the storage battery 6 with AC power supplied from the commercial system 4, the power converter 8 converts the AC power into a DC voltage having an appropriate value according to the specifications of the storage battery 6. At this time, the power converter 8 sequentially controls the charging voltage or the charging current so that the charging current does not become an excessive value and the charging characteristics of the storage battery 6 are deteriorated.
　太陽光モジュール２から供給される直流電力で蓄電池６を充電する場合、電力変換部８は、直流電力の電圧を、蓄電池６の仕様に従い適切な値の直流電圧に変換する。そして電力変換部８は、上記同様に、充電電圧または充電電流を逐次制御する。 When charging the storage battery 6 with DC power supplied from the solar module 2, the power conversion unit 8 converts the voltage of the DC power into a DC voltage having an appropriate value according to the specifications of the storage battery 6. Then, the power converter 8 sequentially controls the charging voltage or charging current in the same manner as described above.
　（放電時）
　蓄電池６を放電する場合、すなわち蓄電池６に蓄えられた電力を負荷５へ供給する場合、電力変換部８は、蓄電池６から供給される直流電力を、負荷５を駆動可能な値の交流電力に変換して出力する。 (During discharge)
When discharging the storage battery 6, that is, when supplying the power stored in the storage battery 6 to the load 5, the power conversion unit 8 converts the DC power supplied from the storage battery 6 into AC power having a value capable of driving the load 5. Convert and output.
　電力変換部８における電力変換においては、蓄電池６の仕様範囲を守り、また電気関係の法律を遵守する必要がある。制御部７は、これらが適切に行われるように電力変換部８を監視しながら電力変換部８を制御する。 In the power conversion in the power conversion unit 8, it is necessary to observe the specification range of the storage battery 6 and to comply with electric laws. The control unit 7 controls the power conversion unit 8 while monitoring the power conversion unit 8 so that these are performed appropriately.
　制御部７は、一定の周期で電力変換部８に入力される電流をオンオフするように、電力変換部８を制御する。 The control unit 7 controls the power conversion unit 8 so as to turn on and off the current input to the power conversion unit 8 at a constant cycle.
　例えば蓄電池６の充電の際、太陽光モジュール２から出力される直流電圧が蓄電池６の仕様に対して低い場合、直流電圧を適切な電圧値まで昇圧させる必要がある。 For example, when the storage battery 6 is charged and the DC voltage output from the solar module 2 is lower than the specification of the storage battery 6, it is necessary to boost the DC voltage to an appropriate voltage value.
　直流電圧の昇圧は、図３に示すような回路で行われる。図３は図２に示す電力変換部に内蔵されるコンバータ回路の一例を示す図である。 The DC voltage is boosted by a circuit as shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a converter circuit built in the power conversion unit shown in FIG.
　電力変換部８に内蔵されるコンバータ回路８１は、コイル２０、ＩＧＢＴ２１、ダイオード２２および平滑コンデンサ２３を有する。 The converter circuit 81 built in the power conversion unit 8 includes a coil 20, an IGBT 21, a diode 22, and a smoothing capacitor 23.
　制御部７は、ＩＧＢＴ２１のスイッチング動作を制御するＰＷＭ信号を生成する。 The control unit 7 generates a PWM signal for controlling the switching operation of the IGBT 21.
　太陽光モジュール２から出力される直流電圧の値を制御する際、制御部７はＩＧＢＴ２１を制御することにより、ＩＧＢＴ２１が一定間隔でスイッチング動作を行う。 When controlling the value of the DC voltage output from the solar module 2, the control unit 7 controls the IGBT 21 so that the IGBT 21 performs a switching operation at regular intervals.
　ＩＧＢＴ２１のスイッチング動作により、コイル２０に電流が流れる時間と電流が流れない時間との割合が変化する。 Due to the switching operation of the IGBT 21, the ratio of the time during which current flows through the coil 20 and the time during which no current flows changes.
　具体的には、制御部７は、常に蓄電池６に出力されている電圧値を監視し、電圧値が低い場合にはＰＷＭ信号のオンデューティを高め、電圧値が高い場合にはＰＷＭ信号のオンデューティを低めるようにＩＧＢＴ２１を制御する。 Specifically, the control unit 7 constantly monitors the voltage value output to the storage battery 6, increases the on-duty of the PWM signal when the voltage value is low, and turns on the PWM signal when the voltage value is high. The IGBT 21 is controlled so as to reduce the duty.
　昇圧された電圧は、ダイオード２２および平滑コンデンサ２３により平滑され、蓄電池６に印加される。 The boosted voltage is smoothed by the diode 22 and the smoothing capacitor 23 and applied to the storage battery 6.
　制御部７は、変化した電圧値および電流値を計測し、フィードバックを行うことを繰り返し、一定周期でＩＧＢＴ２１のオンオフ時間の割合を変化させる。 The control unit 7 measures the changed voltage value and current value, repeats the feedback, and changes the ratio of the on / off time of the IGBT 21 at a constant period.
　このようなスイッチング動作が行われると、ＩＧＢＴ２１におけるスイッチングロスが熱となり、電力変換部８の外部へ放出される。 When such a switching operation is performed, the switching loss in the IGBT 21 becomes heat and is released to the outside of the power conversion unit 8.
　図４は図２に示す電力変換部の動作周波数と運転効率との関係を示す図である。 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the operating frequency and the operating efficiency of the power converter shown in FIG.
　図４の横軸は、図３に示すＩＧＢＴ２１がスイッチング動作する際の動作周波数を示す。図４の縦軸は、図２に示す電力変換部８の運転効率を示す。 4 represents the operating frequency when the IGBT 21 shown in FIG. 3 performs the switching operation. The vertical axis in FIG. 4 indicates the operating efficiency of the power conversion unit 8 shown in FIG.
　図４によれば、ＩＧＢＴ２１の動作周波数が低くなるほど、ＩＧＢＴ２１におけるオンオフの切替え回数が減る。 According to FIG. 4, the lower the operating frequency of the IGBT 21, the lower the number of on / off switching in the IGBT 21.
　ＩＧＢＴ２１におけるオンオフの切替え回数が減るほど、ＩＧＢＴ２１の損失が低下するため、電力変換部８における運転効率は高くなる。 Since the loss of IGBT21 falls, so that the frequency | count of ON / OFF switching in IGBT21 decreases, the operating efficiency in the power converter part 8 becomes high.
　一般的にＩＧＢＴ２１は、運転効率が比較的高くなる動作周波数である５ｋＨｚ～２０ｋＨｚの範囲で動作している。 Generally, the IGBT 21 operates in a range of 5 kHz to 20 kHz, which is an operating frequency at which the operation efficiency is relatively high.
　ところがＩＧＢＴ２１の動作周波数が低くなり、人の可聴範囲に入ると、人にはこの動作周波数が騒音として検出され易くなる。 However, when the operating frequency of the IGBT 21 becomes low and enters the human audible range, it becomes easy for a human to detect this operating frequency as noise.
　そのため、一般的には、１０ｋＨｚ以上の動作周波数でＩＧＢＴ２１が動作され、その動作周波数において電力変換部８が効率的に動作する仕様のコイル２０および平滑コンデンサ２３が選定されて、回路が組み立てられている。 Therefore, in general, the IGBT 21 is operated at an operating frequency of 10 kHz or more, and the coil 20 and the smoothing capacitor 23 having specifications that allow the power converter 8 to operate efficiently at the operating frequency are selected, and the circuit is assembled. Yes.
　また、蓄電池６の充電電流または放電電流が大きくなると、コイル２０に電流が流れる際、電力変換部８を構成する部品が振動する。 In addition, when the charging current or discharging current of the storage battery 6 increases, the components constituting the power conversion unit 8 vibrate when the current flows through the coil 20.
　この振動は、制御部７および電力変換部８を固定している部材、例えば図２に示すヘッドボード３１またはフットボード３３と共振し、うなり音または騒音となる場合もある。 This vibration may resonate with a member that fixes the control unit 7 and the power conversion unit 8, for example, the head board 31 or the foot board 33 shown in FIG.
　図５は図２に示す蓄電池の充放電電流と、振動レベルまたは騒音レベルとの関係を示す図である。 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the charge / discharge current of the storage battery shown in FIG. 2 and the vibration level or noise level.
　図５の横軸は、蓄電池６の充放電電流を示す。図５の縦軸は、前述した振動または騒音のレベルを示す。 5 represents the charge / discharge current of the storage battery 6. The vertical axis in FIG. 5 indicates the level of vibration or noise described above.
　振動または騒音は、図５に示すように、蓄電池６の充放電電流の値に比例して増減する。また振動または騒音は、一定レベル以上になると、人の可聴範囲のレベルとなり、不快要素となる。図５では一定レベルを３０ｄＢと仮定している。 The vibration or noise increases or decreases in proportion to the charge / discharge current value of the storage battery 6 as shown in FIG. When the vibration or noise exceeds a certain level, it becomes a level in the human audible range, which becomes an unpleasant factor. In FIG. 5, the constant level is assumed to be 30 dB.
　本来であれば、振動または騒音のレベルが不快要素として認識されないような範囲となるように電力変換部８を動作させるべきである。 Originally, the power converter 8 should be operated so that the level of vibration or noise is not recognized as an uncomfortable factor.
　しかし、このように電力変換部８を動作させるためには、蓄電池６の放電時には、放電電流を低下させる必要があり、蓄電池６の充電時には、充電電流を減らす必要がある。 However, in order to operate the power conversion unit 8 in this way, it is necessary to reduce the discharge current when the storage battery 6 is discharged, and it is necessary to reduce the charging current when the storage battery 6 is charged.
　従って、負荷５が必要とする電力を蓄電池６で賄うことができず、または蓄電池６の充電時間が長くなるという弊害が生じる。 Therefore, the storage battery 6 cannot cover the power required by the load 5 or the charging time of the storage battery 6 becomes longer.
　そのため、一般的な電力制御装置では、負荷５が必要とする電力を蓄電池６から供給し、または蓄電池６の急速充電を行う場合、使用者が上述した不快要素を許容する必要がある。 Therefore, in a general power control device, when the power required by the load 5 is supplied from the storage battery 6 or when the storage battery 6 is rapidly charged, the user needs to allow the above-described unpleasant elements.
　また使用者の生活に密着している住宅機材内に蓄電池６、制御部７および電力変換部８を設置した場合、使用者の近くでこれらの機器が動作する可能性がある。また早朝または夜間といった静寂な環境化でもこれらの機器が動作する可能性がある。 In addition, when the storage battery 6, the control unit 7, and the power conversion unit 8 are installed in the housing equipment closely related to the user's life, these devices may operate near the user. In addition, these devices may operate even in a quiet environment such as early morning or night.
　従ってこれらの機器で発生する音、振動および熱といった不快要素は、使用者に一層検出され易くなる。 Therefore, unpleasant elements such as sound, vibration and heat generated in these devices are more easily detected by the user.
　図２では、ベッド筐体３０内に蓄電池６、制御部７および電力変換部８が収納されている。しかし夜間の就寝時には、寝室周辺は極めて静寂な上、これらの機器の上方に置かれたマットレス１１上に使用者が存在する。 In FIG. 2, the storage battery 6, the control unit 7, and the power conversion unit 8 are accommodated in the bed casing 30. However, when sleeping at night, the area around the bedroom is extremely quiet, and there are users on the mattress 11 placed above these devices.
　そのため、これらの機器と使用者までの距離も近くなり、このような環境下では使用者が特に不快と感じ易くなる。 For this reason, the distance between these devices and the user is also reduced, and in such an environment, the user tends to feel particularly uncomfortable.
　電力制御装置１００では、ベッド筐体３０に設置された人感センサ１１０によりベッド周囲の人の有無と環境が検出されたときには、上記の不快要素の発生を抑制する動作が行われる。以下にその動作例を説明する。 In the power control device 100, when the presence sensor 110 and the environment around the bed are detected by the human sensor 110 installed in the bed casing 30, an operation for suppressing the occurrence of the unpleasant element is performed. An example of the operation will be described below.
　図６は実施の形態に係る電力制御装置の動作を説明するためのフローチャートである。 FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the power control apparatus according to the embodiment.
　電力制御装置１００は、使用者により操作されたときに起動し、または予め設定された時刻となったときに起動し、蓄電池６の充電動作または放電動作を開始する（Ｓ１）。 The power control device 100 is activated when operated by the user, or activated when a preset time is reached, and starts the charging operation or discharging operation of the storage battery 6 (S1).
　蓄電池６の充電動作または放電動作が開始されると、制御部７は、人感センサ１１０の出力に基づき、電力制御装置１００の周囲に人が存在するか否かを判定する（Ｓ２）。 When the charging operation or discharging operation of the storage battery 6 is started, the control unit 7 determines whether or not there is a person around the power control device 100 based on the output of the human sensor 110 (S2).
　Ｓ２の具体的な判定動作は以下の通りである。 The specific determination operation of S2 is as follows.
　（１）赤外線センサ１０２から検出信号が出力されたとき、制御部７は、電力制御装置１００の周囲に人が存在すると判定する。赤外線センサ１０２から検出信号が出力されていないとき、制御部７は、電力制御装置１００の周囲に人が存在しないと判定する。 (1) When a detection signal is output from the infrared sensor 102, the control unit 7 determines that there is a person around the power control device 100. When the detection signal is not output from the infrared sensor 102, the control unit 7 determines that there is no person around the power control device 100.
　（２）重量センサ１０３の出力が有る場合、制御部７は、マットレス１１の上に人が存在すると判定する。重量センサ１０３の出力が無い場合、制御部７は、マットレス１１の上に人が存在しないと判定する。 (2) When the output of the weight sensor 103 is present, the control unit 7 determines that there is a person on the mattress 11. When there is no output from the weight sensor 103, the control unit 7 determines that there is no person on the mattress 11.
　（３）温度センサ１０４で検出された温度が一定値以上であるとき、制御部７は、マットレス１１の上に人が存在すると判定する。温度センサ１０４で検出された温度が一定値未満であるとき、制御部７は、電力制御装置１００の周囲に人が存在しないと判定する。 (3) When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 104 is equal to or higher than a certain value, the control unit 7 determines that a person is present on the mattress 11. When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 104 is less than a certain value, the control unit 7 determines that there is no person around the power control apparatus 100.
　電力制御装置１００の周囲に人が存在する場合（Ｓ２，Ｙｅｓ）、制御部７はＳ３の判定を行う。 When there is a person around the power control apparatus 100 (S2, Yes), the control unit 7 performs the determination of S3.
　電力制御装置１００の周囲に人が存在しない場合（Ｓ２，Ｎｏ）、制御部７はＳ７の処理を行う。 When there is no person around the power control apparatus 100 (S2, No), the control unit 7 performs the process of S7.
　Ｓ３において、制御部７は、騒音センサ１０５の検出信号に基づき、電力制御装置１００の周囲の騒音レベルが一定値未満であるか否かを判定する。 In S3, the control unit 7 determines whether or not the noise level around the power control device 100 is less than a certain value based on the detection signal of the noise sensor 105.
　なおＳ３では、騒音センサ１０５の検出信号を用いているが、騒音センサ１０５の検出信号の代わりに、振動センサ１０１の検出信号を用いて騒音レベルを判定してもよい。 In S3, the detection signal of the noise sensor 105 is used, but the noise level may be determined using the detection signal of the vibration sensor 101 instead of the detection signal of the noise sensor 105.
　騒音レベルが一定値未満であるか否かを判定する理由は以下の通りである。 The reason for determining whether or not the noise level is below a certain value is as follows.
　ベッドの周囲が騒々しい場合、例えば人の会話またはテレビのスピーカ音といった生活音のレベルが一定レベル以上である場合には、電力制御装置１００の動作音または振動のレベルが一定レベル以上であっても不快要素になり難い。 When the surroundings of the bed are noisy, for example, when the level of living sounds such as human conversation or TV speaker sound is above a certain level, the operating sound or vibration level of the power control device 100 is above a certain level. However, it is difficult to become an uncomfortable factor.
　しかし早朝または夜間といった静寂な環境では、電力制御装置１００の動作音または振動が不快要素になり得る。従って、Ｓ２において電力制御装置１００の周囲に人が存在すると判定された場合には、電力制御装置１００の動作音または振動のレベルを低減して、静寂な環境に近づけることが望ましい。 However, in a quiet environment such as early morning or night, the operation sound or vibration of the power control apparatus 100 can be an unpleasant factor. Therefore, when it is determined in S2 that there is a person around the power control apparatus 100, it is desirable to reduce the operating sound or vibration level of the power control apparatus 100 to approach a quiet environment.
　そこで制御部７は、Ｓ３の動作において、騒音レベルが一定値未満であるか否かを判定することにより、電力制御装置１００の動作音または振動が不快要素になり得るか否かを判定する。 Therefore, the control unit 7 determines whether or not the operation sound or vibration of the power control apparatus 100 can be an uncomfortable factor by determining whether or not the noise level is less than a certain value in the operation of S3.
　騒音レベルが一定値未満の場合（Ｓ３，Ｙｅｓ）、電力制御装置１００の動作音または振動が不快要素になり得るため、制御部７はＳ４の判定を行う。 When the noise level is less than a certain value (S3, Yes), the operation sound or vibration of the power control apparatus 100 can be an unpleasant factor, so the control unit 7 performs the determination of S4.
　騒音レベルが一定値未満ではない場合（Ｓ３，Ｎｏ）、電力制御装置１００の動作音または振動が不快要素になり難いため、制御部７はＳ７の処理を行う。 If the noise level is not less than a certain value (S3, No), the operation sound or vibration of the power control apparatus 100 is unlikely to be an uncomfortable factor, so the control unit 7 performs the process of S7.
　ここで制御部７には、電力変換部８の運転効率を低める制限時間が設定されているものとする。Ｓ４において制御部７は、現在時刻が、設定された制限時間内であるか否かを判定する。 Here, it is assumed that the control unit 7 is set with a time limit for reducing the operation efficiency of the power conversion unit 8. In S4, the control unit 7 determines whether or not the current time is within the set time limit.
　前述したように、早朝または夜間の睡眠時間は静寂な環境が求められる。また昼間でも乳児が睡眠中の時間帯は静寂な環境が求められる。 As mentioned above, a quiet environment is required for sleeping hours early in the morning or at night. In addition, a quiet environment is required during the daytime when the baby is sleeping.
　このような時間を電力変換部８の運転効率を低める制限時間として設定することにより、制限時間における電力変換部８の動作が抑制され、使用者の睡眠を阻害する音、振動および熱といった不快要素の発生を抑制できる。 By setting such a time as a time limit for reducing the driving efficiency of the power conversion unit 8, the operation of the power conversion unit 8 during the time limit is suppressed, and unpleasant factors such as sound, vibration, and heat that disturb the user's sleep. Can be suppressed.
　一方、睡眠時間以外の時間帯では、これらの不快要素が生じても使用者の睡眠を阻害する可能性が低いため、電力変換部８の運転効率を制限しない方が望ましい。 On the other hand, it is desirable not to limit the driving efficiency of the power conversion unit 8 in the time zone other than the sleeping hours because the possibility of disturbing the user's sleep is low even if these uncomfortable factors occur.
　現在時刻が、設定された制限時間内である場合（Ｓ４，Ｙｅｓ）、制御部７はＳ５の処理を行う。 If the current time is within the set time limit (S4, Yes), the control unit 7 performs the process of S5.
　現在時刻が、設定された制限時間内ではない場合（Ｓ４，Ｎｏ）、制御部７はＳ７の処理を行う。 If the current time is not within the set time limit (S4, No), the control unit 7 performs the process of S7.
　Ｓ５において制御部７は、制限時間において、電力変換部８の動作周波数を上昇させるように制御する。具体的には、図４に示すように、電力変換部８で生じる音量を考慮した値まで、電力変換部８の動作周波数を上昇させる。すなわち制御部７は、運転効率を低めるように電力変換部８を制御する。 In S5, the control unit 7 performs control so as to increase the operating frequency of the power conversion unit 8 during the time limit. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the operating frequency of the power conversion unit 8 is increased to a value that takes into account the volume generated by the power conversion unit 8. That is, the control unit 7 controls the power conversion unit 8 so as to reduce the operation efficiency.
　Ｓ５の動作により、ＩＧＢＴ２１のスイッチングロスの損失が増加し、運転効率が低下するものの、図４に示すように動作周波数を上昇させることにより、可能範囲外の領域で電力変換部８が動作する。 Although the loss of switching loss of the IGBT 21 is increased by the operation of S5 and the operation efficiency is lowered, the power conversion unit 8 operates in a region outside the possible range by increasing the operating frequency as shown in FIG.
　また、図５に示すように定格運転時の最大効率点に対応した充放電電流を流すように電力変換部８を動作させることが望ましいが、Ｓ６において制御部７は、充放電電流を制限することにより、電力変換部８で生じる音量を考慮した値まで、電力変換部８の充放電電流を低下させる。 In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, it is desirable to operate the power conversion unit 8 so that the charging / discharging current corresponding to the maximum efficiency point during rated operation flows, but in S6, the control unit 7 limits the charging / discharging current. Thus, the charge / discharge current of the power conversion unit 8 is reduced to a value that takes into account the sound volume generated in the power conversion unit 8.
　Ｓ７において制御部７は、効率を最優先にするため、動作周波数を図４に示す最大効率動作点に対応した値に設定する。 In S7, the control unit 7 sets the operating frequency to a value corresponding to the maximum efficiency operating point shown in FIG.
　Ｓ８において制御部７は、充放電電流を制限せず、充放電電流の値を図５に示す最大効率動作点に対応した値に設定する。 In S8, the control unit 7 does not limit the charge / discharge current, and sets the value of the charge / discharge current to a value corresponding to the maximum efficiency operating point shown in FIG.
　Ｓ６またはＳ８の動作の後、制御部７は、人が不快とならない運転動作と最大効率動作点による運転動作との何れかを一定時間継続した後、再びＳ１の処理を行う。そして、さらに一定時間後に、再度各センサの出力を読み込み、Ｓ２～Ｓ８の処理を繰り返す。 After the operation of S6 or S8, the control unit 7 continues the operation of S1 again after continuing either the driving operation that does not make the person uncomfortable or the driving operation at the maximum efficiency operating point for a certain period of time. Further, after a predetermined time, the output of each sensor is read again, and the processes of S2 to S8 are repeated.
　なお、図２の例では、赤外線センサ１０２がヘッドボード３１に設置されているが、赤外線センサ１０２の設置位置は図示例に限定されず、ヘッドボード３１以外の場所でもよい。 In the example of FIG. 2, the infrared sensor 102 is installed on the head board 31, but the installation position of the infrared sensor 102 is not limited to the illustrated example, and may be a place other than the head board 31.
　またマットレス１１には、重量センサ１０３および温度センサ１０４が設置されているが、人の検出には必ずしもこれらのセンサが必要なわけではない。 The mattress 11 is provided with a weight sensor 103 and a temperature sensor 104, but these sensors are not necessarily required for human detection.
　ただし、ベッドの周囲に存在する人は、必ずしも就寝する蓋然性が高い人であるとは限らない。重量センサ１０３および温度センサ１０４を設置することにより、ベッドの周囲に存在する人の内、就寝する蓋然性が高い人を判別できる。重量センサ１０３および温度センサ１０４を用いて就寝する蓋然性が高い人の存在を判別することにより、使用者の睡眠を阻害する不快要素の発生を一層効果的に抑制できる。 However, the person around the bed is not necessarily a person who has a high probability of going to bed. By installing the weight sensor 103 and the temperature sensor 104, it is possible to discriminate a person who has a high probability of going to sleep among the people around the bed. By using the weight sensor 103 and the temperature sensor 104 to determine the presence of a person who has a high probability of going to sleep, it is possible to more effectively suppress the occurrence of unpleasant elements that hinder the user's sleep.
　また本実施の形態では電力制御装置１００をベッドに収納した例を説明したが、電力制御装置１００は、ソファ、テーブル、または机といった家具に形成された空間に設置してもよい。また電力制御装置１００は、キッチン床下の空間、壁の形成された空間、階段の上端または下端に形成された空間、天井裏の空間、または床下の収納空間といった未使用空間に設置してもよい。これらの空間に設置した場合でも前述した不快要素の発生を抑制することができる。 Further, although an example in which the power control apparatus 100 is housed in a bed has been described in this embodiment, the power control apparatus 100 may be installed in a space formed in furniture such as a sofa, a table, or a desk. The power control apparatus 100 may be installed in an unused space such as a space under a kitchen floor, a space formed with a wall, a space formed at the top or bottom of a staircase, a space behind a ceiling, or a storage space under the floor. . Even when installed in these spaces, the occurrence of the unpleasant elements described above can be suppressed.
　また本実施の形態では、騒音センサ１０５で検出された音レベルが一定値を超えるときには、音レベルが人の可聴範囲以外となるように電力変換部８を制御する例を説明した。 Further, in the present embodiment, an example has been described in which the power conversion unit 8 is controlled so that the sound level is outside the human audible range when the sound level detected by the noise sensor 105 exceeds a certain value.
　しかし本実施の形態はこれに限定されず、騒音センサ１０５の代わりに振動センサ１０１を用いて、振動センサ１０１で検出された振動レベルが一定値を超えるときには、振動レベルが人の可聴範囲以外となるように電力変換部８を制御するように構成してもよい。 However, the present embodiment is not limited to this, and when the vibration level detected by the vibration sensor 101 exceeds a certain value using the vibration sensor 101 instead of the noise sensor 105, the vibration level is outside the human audible range. You may comprise so that the power converter 8 may be controlled.
　また本実施の形態では太陽光モジュール２から出力される直流電力を電力変換部８に入力し、電力変換部８では直流電力を交流電力に変換して負荷５または商用系統４へ供給し、あるいは直流電力を昇圧して蓄電池６を充電する構成例を説明したが、本実施の形態はこれに限定されず、太陽光モジュール２の直流電力を交流電力に変換して電力変換部８へ供給するパワーモジュールを設置してもよい。この場合、電力変換部８は、パワーモジュールから供給される交流電力を負荷５または商用系統４へ供給し、あるいは交流電力を直流電力に変換して蓄電池６を充電する。 In the present embodiment, the DC power output from the solar module 2 is input to the power converter 8, and the power converter 8 converts the DC power into AC power and supplies it to the load 5 or the commercial system 4. Although the configuration example in which the DC power is boosted and the storage battery 6 is charged has been described, the present embodiment is not limited to this, and the DC power of the solar module 2 is converted into AC power and supplied to the power converter 8. A power module may be installed. In this case, the power conversion unit 8 supplies AC power supplied from the power module to the load 5 or the commercial system 4, or converts the AC power into DC power to charge the storage battery 6.
　以上の実施の形態に示した構成は、本発明の内容の一例を示すものであり、別の公知の技術と組み合わせることも可能であるし、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、構成の一部を省略、変更することも可能である。 The configuration described in the above embodiment shows an example of the contents of the present invention, and can be combined with another known technique, and can be combined with other configurations without departing from the gist of the present invention. It is also possible to omit or change the part.
　１　住宅、２　太陽光モジュール、４　商用系統、５　負荷、６　蓄電池、７　制御部、８　電力変換部、１１　マットレス、２０　コイル、２２　ダイオード、２３　平滑コンデンサ、３０　ベッド筐体、３１　ヘッドボード、３２　背面ボード、３３　フットボード、３４　空間部、８１　コンバータ回路、１００　電力制御装置、１０１　振動センサ、１０２　赤外線センサ、１０３　重量センサ、１０４　温度センサ、１０５　騒音センサ、１１０　人感センサ。 1 Housing, 2 Solar Modules, 4 Commercial System, 5 Load, 6 Storage Battery, 7 Control Unit, 8 Power Conversion Unit, 11 Mattress, 20 Coil, 22 Diode, 23 Smoothing Capacitor, 30 Bed Case, 31 Headboard, 32 Back board, 33 foot board, 34 space, 81 converter circuit, 100 power control device, 101 vibration sensor, 102 infrared sensor, 103 weight sensor, 104 temperature sensor, 105 noise sensor, 110 human sensor.

Claims (6)

  1. 　蓄電池と、
    　前記蓄電池から供給される直流電力を交流電力に変換して出力する電力変換部と、
    　前記電力変換部を制御する制御部と、
    　前記電力変換部の周囲に存在する人を検出する人感センサと、
    　を備え、
    　前記制御部は、前記人感センサで人が検出されていないときには前記電力変換部の運転効率を高め、前記人感センサで人が検出されているときには前記電力変換部の運転効率を低めるように、前記電力変換部を制御することを特徴とする電力制御装置。     A storage battery,
    A power converter that converts DC power supplied from the storage battery into AC power and outputs the power;
    A control unit for controlling the power conversion unit;
    A human sensor for detecting a person existing around the power conversion unit;
    With
    The control unit increases the operation efficiency of the power conversion unit when no person is detected by the human sensor, and decreases the operation efficiency of the power conversion unit when a person is detected by the human sensor. A power control apparatus that controls the power conversion unit.
  2. 　前記電力変換部は、宅内の家具内、壁内、または階段内の空間に収められていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電力制御装置。 The power control device according to claim 1, wherein the power conversion unit is housed in a space in a furniture, a wall, or a staircase in a house.
  3. 　騒音センサを備え、
    　前記制御部は、前記騒音センサで検出された音レベルが一定値を超えるときには、前記音レベルが人の可聴範囲以外となるように前記電力変換部を制御することを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の電力制御装置。     Equipped with a noise sensor,
    2. The control unit according to claim 1, wherein when the sound level detected by the noise sensor exceeds a certain value, the control unit controls the power conversion unit so that the sound level is outside a human audible range. The power control apparatus according to claim 2.
  4. 　振動センサを備え、
    　前記制御部は、前記振動センサで検出された振動レベルが一定値を超えるときには、前記振動レベルが人の可聴範囲以外となるように前記電力変換部を制御することを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の電力制御装置。     Equipped with a vibration sensor,
    2. The control unit according to claim 1, wherein when the vibration level detected by the vibration sensor exceeds a certain value, the control unit controls the power conversion unit so that the vibration level is outside a human audible range. The power control apparatus according to claim 2.
  5. 　前記人感センサは、温度センサ、赤外線センサおよび重量センサの何れかであることを特徴とする請求項１から請求項４の何れか一項に記載の電力制御装置。 The power control device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the human sensor is any one of a temperature sensor, an infrared sensor, and a weight sensor.
  6. 　前記制御部には、前記電力変換部の運転効率を低める制限時間が設定され、
    　前記制御部は、前記制限時間において、前記人感センサで人が検出されているときには前記電力変換部の運転効率を低めるように前記電力変換部を制御することを特徴とする請求項１から請求項５の何れか一項に記載の電力制御装置。     In the control unit, a time limit for reducing the operation efficiency of the power conversion unit is set,
    The said control part controls the said power conversion part so that the operating efficiency of the said power conversion part may be lowered | hung, when the person is detected by the said human sensitive sensor in the said time limit. Item 6. The power control apparatus according to any one of Items 5.
PCT/JP2016/051431 2016-01-19 2016-01-19 Power control device WO2017126030A1 (en)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012016104A (en) * 2010-06-30 2012-01-19 Kyocera Corp Power generation apparatus

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012016104A (en) * 2010-06-30 2012-01-19 Kyocera Corp Power generation apparatus

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