Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
  • A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
  • A61B5/4815—Sleep quality
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
  • A61B5/0205—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
  • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
  • A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
  • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
  • A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
  • A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
  • A61B5/4818—Sleep apnoea
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
  • A61B5/4836—Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
  • A61B5/4848—Monitoring or testing the effects of treatment, e.g. of medication
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
  • A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
  • A61M16/022—Control means therefor
  • A61M16/024—Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
  • A61B5/0816—Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
  • A61B5/091—Measuring volume of inspired or expired gases, e.g. to determine lung capacity
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
  • A61M2230/04—Heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulation
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
  • A61M2230/20—Blood composition characteristics
  • A61M2230/205—Blood composition characteristics partial oxygen pressure (P-O2)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
  • A61M2230/40—Respiratory characteristics
  • A61M2230/42—Rate

Definitions

• the present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for monitoring and/or diagnosing sleep related conditions of a subject based on both sleep quality and apnea hypopnea index.
• one or more aspects of the present disclosure relate to a system configured for monitoring and/or diagnosing sleep related conditions of a subject based on both sleep quality and apnea hypopnea index.
• the system comprises one or more sleep quality sensors, one or more respiratory sensors, one or more hardware processors, and/or other components.
• the one or more sleep quality sensors are configured to provide sleep quality signals conveying information related to a sleep quality measurement of the subject.
• the one or more respiratory sensors are configured to provide respiratory signals conveying information related to a breathing measurement of the subject.
• the one or more hardware processors are configured by machine-readable instructions to: receive, in connection with a first sleep test, the sleep quality signals from the one or more sleep quality sensors and the respiratory signals from the one or more respiratory sensors; determine a sleep quality of the subject, in connection with the first sleep test, based on the sleep quality signals; determine an apnea-hypopnea index of the subject, in connection with the first sleep test, based on the respiratory signals; determine whether results of the first sleep test meet a first condition based on both the sleep quality and apnea-hypopnea index of the subject associated with the first sleep test; and responsive to the results of the first sleep test failing to meet the first condition, provide a recommendation of a treatment for the subject and confirm an efficacy of the treatment in a second sleep test involving the treatment.
• the efficacy is confirmed by: receiving, in connection with a second sleep test, the sleep quality signals from the one or more sleep quality sensors and the respiratory signals from the one or more respiratory sensors; determining a sleep quality of the subject, in connection with the second sleep test, based on the sleep quality signals; determining an apnea-hypopnea index of the subject, in connection with the first sleep test, based on the respiratory signals; and determining whether results of the second sleep test meet the first condition based on both the sleep quality and apnea-hypopnea index of the subject associated with the second sleep test.
• Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for monitoring and/or diagnosing sleep related conditions of a subject based on both sleep quality and apnea hypopnea index.
• the method comprises: receiving, in connection with a first sleep test, sleep quality signals conveying information related to a sleep quality measurement of the subject and respiratory signals conveying information related to a breathing
• the efficacy is confirmed by: receiving, in connection with a second sleep test, the sleep quality signals from the one or more sleep quality sensors and the respiratory signals from the one or more respiratory sensors; determining a sleep quality of the subject, in connection with the second sleep test, based on the sleep quality signals; determining an apnea-hypopnea index of the subject, in connection with the first sleep test, based on the respiratory signals; and determining whether results of the second sleep test meet the first condition based on both the sleep quality and apnea-hypopnea index of the subject associated with the second sleep test.
• Still another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system configured for monitoring and/or diagnosing sleep related conditions of a subject based on both sleep quality and apnea hypopnea index.
• the system comprises: means for receiving, in connection with a first sleep test, sleep quality signals conveying information related to a sleep quality measurement of the subject and respiratory signals conveying information related to a breathing measurement of the subject; means for determining a sleep quality of the subject, in connection with the first sleep test, based on the sleep quality signals; means for determining an apnea-hypopnea index of the subject, in connection with the first sleep test, based on the respiratory signals; means for determining whether results of the first sleep test meet a first condition based on both the sleep quality and apnea-hypopnea index of the subject associated with the first sleep test; means for, responsive to the results of the first sleep test failing to meet the first condition, providing a recommendation of a treatment for the subject; and means for confirming an efficacy of
• FIG. 1 illustrates a system configured for monitoring and/or diagnosing sleep related conditions of a subject based on both sleep quality and apnea hypopnea index, in accordance with one or more embodiments;
• FIG. 2 illustrates exemplary sensor configuration, in accordance with one or more embodiments
• FIG. 3 illustrates a condition matrix, in accordance with one or more
• FIG. 4 illustrates a method for monitoring and/or diagnosing sleep related conditions of a subject based on both sleep quality and apnea hypopnea index, in accordance with one or more embodiments.
• the word "unitary” means a component is created as a single piece or unit. That is, a component that includes pieces that are created separately and then coupled together as a unit is not a “unitary” component or body.
• the statement that two or more parts or components "engage” one another shall mean that the parts exert a force against one another either directly or through one or more intermediate parts or components.
• the term “number” shall mean one or an integer greater than one (i.e., a plurality).
• FIG. 1 illustrates a system 10 configured for monitoring and/or diagnosing sleep related conditions of a subject 12 based on both sleep quality and apnea hypopnea index (AFfl), in accordance with one or more embodiments.
• sleep quality may refer to a measure of overall stable sleep
• AFfl may refer to any form of measuring disrupted sleep due to an unstable airway (e.g., respiratory disturbance index (RDI), probability of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and/or other measurements).
• RDI respiratory disturbance index
• OSA probability of obstructive sleep apnea
• a subject e.g., subject 12
• ECG electrocardiogram
• S P 0 2 oxygen saturation
• a probability of sleep apnea may be determined as well as sleep quality.
• respiratory problems may also be identified. Contrasted with standard sleep monitoring for sleep disorder breathing, exemplary embodiments have reduced cost at least because there are significantly less sensors.
• exemplary embodiments utilize what is most typically already available—the ECG electrodes that are routinely connected to the subject upon hospital admission— and identify sleep disorder breathing. In situations where disruptive breathing and quality of sleep is so poor therapy is needed, exemplary embodiments provide an ability to monitor whether the therapy is valid.
• system 10 includes one or more of one or more sleep quality sensors 14, one or more respiratory sensors 16, one or more oxygen saturation sensors 18, one or more user interfaces 20, one or more processors 22, and/or other components.
• Sleep quality sensor(s) 14 are configured to provide sleep quality signals conveying information related to a sleep quality measurement of the subject. Generally speaking, sleep quality may be described subjectively and/or objectively. A subjective description may include tiredness on waking and throughout the day or feeling rested and restored on waking. An objective description may include the number of awakenings experienced in the night. Awakenings may be determined by motion detection and/or other techniques.
• sleep quality sensor(s) may include an accelerometer, a visual motion detector, and/or other sensors configured to detect motion. An objective description may include efficiency of sleep.
• sleep quality sensor(s) 14 include an electrocardiogram (ECG) configured to monitor heart activity.
• ECG electrocardiogram
• the sleep quality signal may convey information related to heart activity of the subject.
• the heart activity of the subject may be used to determine one or more indices for sleep quality. Examples of such indices may include one or more of sleep efficiency index, delta-sleep efficiency index, sleep onset latency, respiratory arousals, and/or other indices of sleep quality.
• Other sensors useful for determining sleep quality are contemplated as sleep quality sensor(s) 14 and are within the scope of the disclosure.
• Respiratory sensor(s) 16 are configured to provide respiratory signals conveying information related to a breathing measurement of the subject.
• the breathing measurement may convey inspiration and/or expiration volume as a function of time, a number of breaths as a function of time, and/or other breathing measurements.
• respiratory sensor(s) 16 may include one or more of a flow meter, an effort belt, a chest impediment, a thermocouple, an air pressure sensor, and/or other sensors suitable for measuring respiration of the subject.
• Oxygen saturation sensor(s) 18 may be configured to provide oxygen
• oxygen saturation signals conveying information related to an oxygen saturation (S P 0 2 ) of the subject.
• oxygen saturation sensor(s) 18 may include one or more of a pulse oximeter and/or other sensors suitable for measuring oxygen saturation.
• FIG. 2 illustrates exemplary sensor configuration 200, in accordance with one or more embodiments.
• a subject 202 may be fitted with one or more sensors.
• Such sensors may include one or more of electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors 204, effort belt 206, pulse oximeter 208, and/or other sensors.
• ECG sensors 204 are disposed at one or more positions near the heart of subject 202.
• sleep quality sensor(s) 14 shown in FIG. 1) includes an electrocardiogram (ECG) that is the same as or similar to ECG sensors 204.
• Effort belt 206 is disposed about the chest of subject 202.
• respiratory sensor(s) 16 shown in FIG.
• sensor configuration 200 includes an effort belt that is the same as or similar to effort belt 206.
• Pulse oximeter 208 is disposed on a finger of subject 202.
• oxygen saturation sensor(s) 18 shown in FIG. 1 includes a pulse oximeter that is the same as or similar to pulse oximeter 208.
• sensor configuration 200 shows three specific sensors, this is not intended to be limiting as other configurations are contemplated and are within the scope of the disclosure.
• sensor configuration 200 may include one or more additional sensors not described, and/or without one or more of the sensors discussed.
• User interface(s) 20 is configured to provide an interface between system
• Examples of interface devices suitable for inclusion in user interface(s) 20 comprise a graphical user interface, a display, a touchscreen, a keypad, buttons, switches, a keyboard, knobs, levers, speakers, a microphone, an indicator light, an audible alarm, a printer, a haptic feedback device, and/or other interface devices.
• user interface(s) 20 comprises a plurality of separate interfaces.
• user interface(s) 20 may comprise a plurality of different interfaces associated with a plurality of computing devices associated with different caregivers.
• User interface(s) 20 is configured such that the plurality of caregivers may provide information to and receive information from (e.g., treatment information, etc.) system 10 via the individual ones of the plurality of user interfaces.
• user interface(s) 20 comprises at least one interface that is provided integrally with processor 18 and/or other components of system 10.
• user interface(s) 20 may be integrated with a removable storage interface provided by electronic storage 40.
• information may be loaded into system 10 from removable storage (e.g., a smart card, a flash drive, a removable disk, etc.) that enables the user(s) to customize the implementation of system 10.
• removable storage e.g., a smart card, a flash drive, a removable disk, etc.
• Other exemplary input devices and techniques adapted for use with system 10 as user interface(s) 20 comprise, but are not limited to, an RS-232 port, RF link, an IR link, modem (telephone, cable or other).
• any technique for communicating information with system 10 is contemplated by the present disclosure as user interface(s) 20.
• Processor(s) 22 are configured to provide information processing
• processor(s) 22 may comprise one or more of a digital processor, an analog processor, a digital circuit designed to process information, an analog circuit designed to process information, a state machine, and/or other mechanisms for electronically processing information. Although processor(s) 22 is shown in FIG. 1 as a single entity, this is for illustrative purposes only. In some embodiments, processor(s) 22 may comprise a plurality of processing units. These processing units may be physically located within the same device, or processor(s) 22 may represent processing functionality of a plurality of devices operating in coordination.
• processor(s) 22 are configured by machine- readable instructions 24.
• Machine-readable instructions 24 may be executed by processor(s) 22 to cause processor(s) 22 to perform one or more functions.
• Machine-readable instructions 22 may include one or more of a user input/output component 26, a sensor information component 28, an analysis component 30, a treatment determination component 32, and/or other components.
• Processor(s) 22 may be configured to execute components 26, 28, 30, 32, and/or other components by software; hardware; firmware; some combination of software, hardware, and/or firmware; and/or other mechanisms for configuring processing capabilities on processor(s) 22.
• components 26, 28, 30, and 32 are illustrated in FIG. 1 as being co-located within a single processing unit, in embodiments in which processor(s) 22 comprises multiple processing units, one or more of components 26, 28, 30, and/or 32 may be located remotely from the other components.
• the description of the functionality provided by the different components 26, 28, 30, and/or 32 described herein is for illustrative purposes, and is not intended to be limiting, as any of components 26, 28, 30, and/or 32 may provide more or less functionality than is described.
• processor(s) 22 may be configured to execute one or more additional components that may perform some or all of the functionality attributed below to one of components 26, 28, 30, and/or 32.
• User input/output component 26 is configured to facilitate entry and/or selection of information by subject 12, caregivers, and/or other users. User input/output component 26 facilitates entry and/or selection of information via user interface(s) 20 and/or other interface devices. For example, user input/output component 26 may cause user interface(s) 20 to display one or more views of a graphical user interface to a caregiver which facilitate entry and/or selection of information by the caregiver. In some embodiments, user input/output component 26 is configured to facilitate entry and/or selection of information via one or more user interfaces 16 associated with one or more caregivers.
• user input/output component 26 is be configured to facilitate entry and/or selection of information through a website, a mobile app, a bot through which text messages and/or emails are sent, and/or via other methods.
• user input/output component 26 is configured to prompt subject 12, caregivers, and/or other users to answer specific questions, and/or provide other information.
• user input/output component 26 is configured to associate a time of day, a duration of time, and/or other time information with the entered and/or selected information.
• Sensor information component 28 is configured to receive one or more signals from one or more sensors. Such signal may be received in connection with one or more sleep tests. In some embodiments, sensor information component 28 is configured to receive one or more of sleep quality signals from sleep quality sensor(s) 14, respiratory signals from respiratory sensor(s) 16, oxygen saturation signals from oxygen saturation sensor(s) 18, and/or other signals.
• Analysis component 30 is configured to determine various quantities associated with subject 12. Such determinations may be made in connection with one or more sleep tests. The quantities may be determined based on information conveyed by signals received by sensor information component 28. In some embodiments, analysis component 30 is configured to determine a sleep quality of subject 12. The sleep quality may be determined based on the sleep quality signals. In some embodiments, analysis component 30 is configured to determine an apnea-hypopnea index of subject 12. The apnea-hypopnea index may be determined based on the respiratory signals. In some embodiments, analysis component 30 is configured to determine an oxygen saturation (SpC>2) of subject 12. The oxygen saturation may be determined based on the oxygen saturation signals.
• SpC oxygen saturation
• analysis component 30 is configured to determine whether results of a given sleep test meet a first condition.
• the determination of whether results of the given sleep test meet the first condition may be based on one or more of the sleep quality of subject 12, the apnea-hypopnea index of subject 12, the oxygen saturation of subject 12, neuro arousals connected to the respirator effort, and/or other information.
• a first condition is met when two or more results of the given sleep test are considered "good".
• Treatment determination component 32 is configured to provide a
• treatment device(s) 34 may include one or more of a smart (e.g., auto-titrating) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, bi-level PAP, volume-guaranteed PAP, and/or other devices that treat sleep disordered breathing.
• CPAP continuous positive airway pressure
• bi-level PAP bi-level PAP
• volume-guaranteed PAP and/or other devices that treat sleep disordered breathing.
• confirming the efficacy of the treatment may include: receiving, in connection with a second sleep test, the sleep quality signals from the one or more sleep quality sensors and the respiratory signals from the one or more respiratory sensors; determining a sleep quality of the subject, in connection with the second sleep test, based on the sleep quality signals; determining an apnea-hypopnea index of the subject, in connection with the first sleep test, based on the respiratory signals; and determining whether results of the second sleep test meet the first condition based on both the sleep quality and apnea-hypopnea index of the subject associated with the second sleep test.
• FIG. 3 illustrates a condition matrix 50, in accordance with one or more embodiments.
• the condition matrix 50 shows various combinations of sleep test outcomes. More specifically, condition matrix 50 shows combinations of ⁇ and sleep quality being either "poor" or "good.”
• condition matrix 50 in connection with a first sleep test, if both ⁇ and sleep quality are poor, then subject 12 is treated with an airway treatment (e.g., CPAP); if ⁇ is good and sleep quality is poor, then subject 12 is referred to a sleep specialist; and if both ⁇ and sleep quality are good, then there is no need for treatment.
• an airway treatment e.g., CPAP
• ⁇ is good and sleep quality is poor
• subject 12 is referred to a sleep specialist; and if both AH! and sleep quality are good, then the provided treatment is continued and may be used in a home setting, in accordance with some embodiments.
• Electronic storage 40 comprises electronic storage media that electronically stores information.
• the electronic storage media of electronic storage 40 may comprise one or both of system storage that is provided integrally (i.e., substantially non-removable) with system 10 and/or removable storage that is removably connectable to system 10 via, for example, a port (e.g., a USB port, a firewire port, etc.) or a drive (e.g., a disk drive, etc.).
• a port e.g., a USB port, a firewire port, etc.
• a drive e.g., a disk drive, etc.
• Electronic storage 40 may comprise one or more of optically readable storage media (e.g., optical disks, etc.), magnetically readable storage media (e.g., magnetic tape, magnetic hard drive, floppy drive, etc.), electrical charge-based storage media (e.g., EPROM, RAM, etc.), solid-state storage media (e.g., flash drive, etc.), and/or other electronically readable storage media.
• Electronic storage 40 may store software algorithms, information determined by processor(s) 22, information received via user interface(s) 20 and/or external computing systems, information received from sleep quality sensor(s) 14, information received from respiratory sensor(s) 16, information received from saturation sensor(s) 18, and/or other information that enables system 10 to function as described herein.
• Electronic storage 40 may be (in whole or in part) a separate component within system 10, or electronic storage 40 may be provided (in whole or in part) integrally with one or more other components of system 10 (e.g., user interface(s) 20, processor(s) 22).
• FIG. 4 illustrates a method 400 for monitoring and/or diagnosing sleep related conditions of a subject based on both sleep quality and apnea hypopnea index, in accordance with one or more embodiments.
• the operations of method 400 presented below are intended to be illustrative. In some embodiments, method 400 may be accomplished with one or more additional operations not described, and/or without one or more of the operations discussed. Additionally, the order in which the operations of method 400 are illustrated in FIG. 4 and described below is not intended to be limiting.
• one or more operations of method 400 may be
• the one or more processing devices may include one or more devices executing some or all of the operations of method 400 in response to instructions stored electronically on an electronic storage medium.
• the one or more processing devices may include one or more devices configured through hardware, firmware, and/or software to be specifically designed for execution of one or more of the operations of method 400.
• sleep quality signals and respiratory signals are received.
• the sleep quality signals may convey information related to a sleep quality measurement of the subject.
• the respiratory signals may convey information related to a breathing measurement of the subject.
• Operation 402 may be performed by one or more processors configured by a machine-readable instruction component that is the same as or similar to sensor information component 28 (shown in FIG. 1 and described herein), in accordance with one or more embodiments.
• Operation 404 in connection with the first sleep test, a sleep quality of the subject is determined based on the sleep quality signals. Operation 404 may be performed by one or more processors configured by a machine-readable instruction component that is the same as or similar to analysis component 30 (shown in FIG. 1 and described herein), in accordance with one or more embodiments.
• an apnea- hypopnea index of the subject is determined based on the respiratory signals.
• Operation 406 may be performed by one or more processors configured by a machine-readable instruction component that is the same as or similar to analysis component 30 (shown in FIG. 1 and described herein), in accordance with one or more embodiments.
• Operation 408 may be performed by one or more processors configured by a machine-readable instruction component that is the same as or similar to analysis component 30 (shown in FIG. 1 and described herein), in accordance with one or more embodiments.
• Operation 410 responsive to the results of the first sleep test failing to meet the first condition, a recommendation is provided of a treatment for the subject. Operation 410 may be performed by one or more processors configured by a machine- readable instruction component that is the same as or similar to treatment determination component 32 (shown in FIG. 1 and described herein), in accordance with one or more embodiments.
• an efficacy of the treatment in a second sleep test involving the treatment is confirmed.
• the efficacy is confirmed by: receiving, in connection with a second sleep test, the sleep quality signals from the one or more sleep quality sensors and the respiratory signals from the one or more respiratory sensors; determining a sleep quality of the subject, in connection with the second sleep test, based on the sleep quality signals; determining an apnea-hypopnea index of the subject, in connection with the first sleep test, based on the respiratory signals; and determining whether results of the second sleep test meet the first condition based on both the sleep quality and apnea-hypopnea index of the subject associated with the second sleep test.
• Operation 402 may be performed by one or more processors configured by one or more machine-readable instruction components that is/are the same as or similar to one or more of sensor information component 28, analysis component 30, and/or treatment
• determination component 32 (shown in FIG. 1 and described herein), in accordance with one or more embodiments.
• any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim.
• the word “comprising” or “including” does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those listed in a claim.
• several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware.
• the word “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.
• any device claim enumerating several means several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware.
• the mere fact that certain elements are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that these elements cannot be used in combination.

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