WO2017113318A1

WO2017113318A1 - Automatic tool change method and numerically controlled machine tool

Info

Publication number: WO2017113318A1
Application number: PCT/CN2015/100169
Authority: WO
Inventors: 佟荣磊
Original assignee: 深圳配天智能技术研究院有限公司
Priority date: 2015-12-31
Filing date: 2015-12-31
Publication date: 2017-07-06
Also published as: CN107708922A

Abstract

An automatic tool change method, comprising the following steps: a numerically controlled machine tool receives a tool change instruction and determines a corresponding target tool according to the instruction; the target tool is marked by means of a first identifier or a second identifier, wherein the first identifier is used for indicating that the diameter of the target tool is greater than a predetermined diameter, and the second identifier is used for indicating that the weight of the target tool is greater than a predetermined weight; when the tool is marked by means of the first identifier, the target tool is put back to an empty tool position between unavailable tool positions, and when the tool is marked by means of the second identifier, the tool change speed of the target tool is lower than a predetermined tool change speed. By means of the method, limits to the diameter and weight of a tool can be lifted. Also provided is a numerically controlled machine tool implementing the tool change method.

Description

Automatic tool changing method and numerical control machine tool

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, in particular to an automatic tool changing method and a numerical control machine tool.

Background technique

CNC machine tools are automated machine tools with a program control system. The control system is capable of logically processing a program having control code or other symbolic instruction specifications, decodes it, and uses a coded digital representation to input the numerical control device through the information carrier. Through the arithmetic processing, various control signals are issued by the numerical control device to control the movement of the machine tool, and the parts are automatically processed according to the shape and size required by the drawings.

In general, CNC machine tools are usually equipped with a corresponding automatic tool change system in order to complete multiple machining operations in a single clamping of the workpiece, shorten the auxiliary time, and reduce the error caused by multiple installations of the workpiece. The automatic tool change system is provided by the tool magazine. And automatic tool changer. CNC machine tools with tool magazine and automatic tool changer, the tool magazine can store a large number of tools, the automatic tool changer has a short tool change time, the tool repeat positioning accuracy is high, and the multi-step machining of complex parts can be performed, thereby improving the numerical control machine tool. Adaptability and processing efficiency.

The existing tool magazines are usually disk type magazines and chain type tool magazines, and the tool positions on the tool magazine are arranged in a circular order. Due to the size limitation of the gap between adjacent tool positions on the magazine, in order to avoid the interference of the tool on the adjacent tool position, the diameter of the tool stored in the tool magazine is usually limited. Similarly, if the swing arm is to be replaced normally at the same tool change speed, the weight of the tool cannot exceed the rated load requirement of the swing arm, and the swing arm will also impose certain restrictions on the weight of the grasped tool.

The above-mentioned limitations on the diameter and weight of the tool restrict the use of the automatic tool change system. In other words, the existing automatic tool change system can only use the tool with the specified diameter and the weight range. If some special workpieces need to use the tool with the specified diameter and weight range, the automatic change will not be used. Knife system.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an automatic tool changing method and a numerical control machine tool, and the automatic tool changing system can release the limitation on the diameter and weight of the tool through a reasonable planning layout.

The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

An automatic tool change method includes:

The CNC machine tool receives the tool change command;

The numerical control machine tool determines a corresponding target tool according to the tool change command;

If the target tool is marked as the first mark, and when the target tool is used, the numerical control machine puts the target tool back to the empty tool position between the unavailable tool positions, the unavailable The tool position is adjacent to the tool position stored by the target tool, and the first identifier is used to indicate that the diameter of the target tool is larger than a preset diameter size;

and / or,

If the target tool is marked as the second mark, the numerical control machine tool replaces the target tool with a target tool change speed lower than a preset tool change speed, the second mark is used to indicate the weight of the target tool Greater than the preset weight.

Optionally, before the CNC machine tool determines the corresponding target tool according to the tool change command, the method further includes:

The numerical control machine tool detects each tool;

If the diameter of the first tool is larger than the preset diameter, the numerical control machine marks the first tool by using the first identifier;

The numerical control machine tool stores the first tool on a corresponding tool position of the tool magazine, and sets an adjacent tool position of the tool position stored by the first tool as an unavailable tool position, and uses a third mark pair The inability to mark the location;

and / or,

If the weight of the second tool is greater than the preset weight, the numerical control machine tool marks the second tool by using the second identifier;

The numerical control machine tool stores the second tool on a corresponding tool position of the tool magazine.

Optionally, the weight of the first cutter is greater than a preset weight.

Optionally, the target tool change speed is half of the preset tool change speed.

Optionally, the preset diameter size is a gap size when no tools are stored on adjacent tool positions, and no interference occurs between adjacent tools;

The preset weight is a rated load weight of the CNC machine tool when the tool is replaced at the preset tool change speed;

The preset tool change speed is a rated tool change speed when the CNC machine tool changes a tool.

A CNC machine tool, including:

a receiving module, configured to receive a tool change command;

a determining module, configured to determine a corresponding target tool according to the tool change command received by the receiving module;

Returning the module, when the target tool determined by the determining module is marked as the first identifier, and when the target tool is used, returning the target tool to the empty tool position between the unavailable tool positions Upper, the unavailable tool position is adjacent to the tool position stored by the target tool, and the first identifier is used to indicate that the diameter of the target tool is larger than a preset diameter size;

a tool change module, when the target tool determined by the determining module is marked as a second identifier, replacing the target tool with a target tool change speed lower than a preset tool change speed, the second identifier being used for Indicates that the weight of the target tool is greater than a preset weight.

Optionally, it also includes:

a detection module for detecting each tool;

a marking module, configured to mark the first tool when the diameter of the first tool is larger than a preset diameter; and when the weight of the second tool is greater than a preset weight, Marking the second tool by using the second identifier; and further, when the adjacent tool position of the tool position stored by the first tool is set to an unavailable tool position, using the third identifier pair Mark with a knife position;

a storage module, configured to store the first tool or the second tool on a corresponding tool position of the tool magazine;

And a setting module, configured to set an adjacent tool position of the tool position stored by the first tool as an unavailable tool position.

Optionally, the weight of the first cutter is greater than a preset weight.

In the technical solution provided by the invention, by marking the tool exceeding the specified diameter size and/or weight, and setting the adjacent tool position of the tool position stored by the tool exceeding the specified diameter size as the unavailable tool position, the use exceeds When a tool with a specified diameter and/or weight is specified, the tool can be replaced at a speed lower than the preset tool change speed, thereby avoiding the swing arm failure. When the tool exceeding the specified diameter size is used, the tool can be returned to the unavailable tool. The empty tool position between the positions, so as to avoid the tool from interfering with the tools on the other tool positions, so the invention can release the diameter of the tool and the automatic tool change system by a reasonable planning layout with respect to the prior art. Weight limit.

DRAWINGS

1 is a flow chart showing the steps of an embodiment of an automatic tool change method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a flow chart showing steps of another embodiment of an automatic tool change method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a block diagram of a module of an embodiment of a numerically controlled machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.

The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if present) in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above figures are used to distinguish similar objects without being used for Describe a specific order or order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than what is illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include those that are not clearly listed or for those processes, methods, or Other steps or units inherent to the device.

Existing CNC machine tools do not support automatic tool change of oversized and/or overweight tools. In the process of tool change, if the tool exceeds the limit diameter, an alarm is generated and the process is stopped. Most of the restrictions on the weight of the tool are reflected in the documentation provided by the manufacturer of the automatic tool changer. The machine operator must ensure that the tool does not exceed the weight limit, and the CNC machine cannot obtain whether the tool is overweight. information. Then, when the swing arm is also replaced with the current tool change speed, it will inevitably cause the swing arm to work under overload and malfunction or reduce the life.

The embodiment of the present invention enables the automatic tool change system to release the limitation on the diameter and weight of the tool through a reasonable planning layout.

Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps of an embodiment of an automatic tool change method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes:

S101, CNC machine tool detects each tool.

In the embodiment of the present invention, before using the tool, the numerical control machine tool needs to detect each tool to determine whether the diameter size and/or weight of each tool conforms to the preset diameter size and/or preset weight of the numerical control machine tool.

Optionally, in the actual operation, the type of each tool can be confirmed by the machine operator, and the tool type is set or modified in the numerical control system, which is not limited herein.

S102. If the diameter of the first tool is larger than the preset diameter, the numerical control machine marks the first tool by using the first identifier.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the preset diameter dimension refers to a gap size in which no interference occurs between adjacent cutters when the cutters are stored on the adjacent cutter positions. The first indicator is for indicating that the diameter of the first tool is larger than the preset diameter. When the result of the CNC machine tool detection is that the diameter of the first tool exceeds the preset diameter size, then the CNC machine marks the first tool for subsequent special operations on the first tool. Such as: the special limitation of the first tool storage location.

Alternatively, in actual operation, the first tool can be determined by the machine operator and marked in the numerical control system. Such as: using the first identification of the tool type "L" Marking, which is not limited here.

S103. The numerical control machine tool stores the first tool on the corresponding tool position of the tool magazine, and sets an adjacent tool position of the tool position stored by the first tool as an unavailable tool position, and uses the third identifier to the unavailable tool position. Bits are marked.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the available tool position is adjacent to the tool position stored by the first tool. Since the diameter of the first tool exceeds the preset diameter dimension, in order to prevent the first tool from interfering with the tool on the adjacent tool position, the adjacent tool position of the tool position stored by the first tool is set as the unavailable tool position. No tool is stored on the unavailable tool position. For this purpose, the third tool is also used to mark the unavailable tool position to prevent the machine operator from misoperation.

Alternatively, in actual operation, the machine tool operator can determine the unavailable tool position and mark it in the numerical control system. For example, the third identifier of the tool type "Inv" is used for marking, which is not limited herein.

S104. The numerical control machine tool receives the tool change command.

In the embodiment of the invention, the tool change command is generally issued by the machine tool operator and received and executed by the numerical control machine tool. Among them, the tool change command includes information that needs to be replaced, such as: the number of the replacement tool and the storage position information.

S105. The numerical control machine tool determines the corresponding target tool according to the tool change command.

In the embodiment of the invention, the numerical control machine tool can find the corresponding target tool on the tool position of the tool magazine according to the number of the replacement tool and the storage position information in the tool change command.

S106. If the target tool is marked as the first mark, and when the target tool is used, the numerical control machine returns the target tool to the empty tool position between the unavailable tool positions.

For example, if the adjacent tool position is not empty in the instruction manual of the CNC machine, the maximum diameter of the limited tool is 4in (100mm). If the adjacent tool position is empty, the maximum tool diameter can be increased to 5.9in. (150mm).

In addition, when the CNC machine performs the tool change operation, there are generally two modes: fixed tool selection and random tool selection. To put it simply, the fixed tool selection is from which position the tool is loaded onto the spindle. After the tool is finished, it must be replaced by the original tool position to replace the tool. The random tool selection is that the tool does not have a fixed tool position number, and it is not necessary to put back the original tool position after machining.

In the embodiment of the present invention, when the target tool is marked as the first mark, it can be determined that the target tool is the first tool. Since the diameter of the first tool exceeds the preset diameter dimension, after the first tool is used, in order to avoid interference between the first tool and the tool on the adjacent tool position, the first tool needs to be put back into the unavailable tool position. The empty tool position (ie the original tool position). In other words, a fixed tool selection mode is required for the first tool.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, when the numerical control machine tool uses more than one first tool, and the tool is sequentially stored in the tool position, if the diameter of the tool exceeds 100% of the preset size, then According to the actual size requirements, several unusable tool positions are set accordingly to obtain the maximum gap size, so as to avoid interference between the tools.

An embodiment of the above automatic tool changing method, for a tool exceeding a preset diameter size, when the use is completed, the tool needs to be put back to the empty tool position (ie, the original tool position) between the unavailable tool positions to avoid the The tool interferes with the tool on the other tool positions.

Another embodiment of the automatic tool change method described below, for a tool exceeding a preset weight, the swing arm needs to be reduced in speed during use to avoid the malfunction of the swing arm overload operation.

Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a flow chart of steps of another embodiment of an automatic tool change method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method includes:

S201: The numerical control machine tool detects each tool, as described in step S101 above.

S202. If the weight of the second tool is greater than the preset weight, the numerical control machine tool marks the second tool by using the second identifier.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the preset weight refers to the rated load weight of the numerical control machine tool when the tool is replaced at the preset tool change speed. The preset tool change speed refers to the rated tool change speed when the CNC machine tool changes the tool. The second indicator is for indicating that the weight of the second cutter is greater than the preset weight. When the result of the CNC machine tool detection is that the weight of the second tool is greater than the preset weight, the CNC machine then marks the second tool for subsequent special operations on the second tool. Such as: the tool change speed when the swing arm is replaced with the second tool.

Alternatively, in actual operation, the second tool can be determined by the machine operator and marked in the numerical control system. For example, the second identifier of the tool type "H" is used for marking, which is not limited herein.

S203. The CNC machine tool stores the second tool on the corresponding tool position of the tool magazine.

In the embodiment of the present invention, since the diameter of the second tool does not exceed the preset diameter, the position of the tool stored in the second tool is not particularly limited, and can still be stored according to the position of the tool stored in the normal tool.

S204. The numerical control machine tool receives the tool change command, as described in step S104 above.

S205. The numerical control machine tool determines a corresponding target tool according to the tool change command, as described in step S105 above.

S206. If the target tool is marked as the second identifier, the numerical control machine tool replaces the target tool with a target tool change speed lower than the preset tool change speed.

In the embodiment of the present invention, when the target tool is marked as the second mark, it can be determined that the target tool is the second tool. Since the weight of the second tool exceeds the preset weight, when the second tool is replaced, in order to avoid the malfunction caused by the overload operation of the swing arm, the swing arm needs to reduce the speed of the tool change, thereby ensuring the normal working state of the swing arm.

In the embodiment of the present invention, optionally, the target tool change speed is half of the preset tool change speed.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, if the weight of the first tool is greater than the preset weight, the first tool not only has the first identifier, but also has the second identifier. That is to say, the first tool not only exceeds the preset diameter size, but also exceeds the preset weight. Then, the CNC machine not only needs to change the first tool when the first tool is replaced, but also replaces the first tool with the target tool change speed lower than the preset tool change speed, and after the first tool is used, the first tool needs to be put back. The empty tool position (ie the original tool position) between the tool positions is not available.

The automatic tool change method in the embodiment of the present invention is described above. The following describes the numerical control machine tool in the embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a numerical control machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. CNC machine tools include:

The detecting module 301 is configured to detect each tool, as described in the above step S101.

The marking module 302 is configured to mark the first tool by using the first identifier when the diameter of the first tool is larger than the preset diameter, as described in step S102 above; If the weight of the tool is greater than the preset weight, the second tool is marked with the second identifier, as described in the above step S202; and is also used for the adjacent tool position of the tool position stored by the first tool When the tool position is set to be unavailable, the third tool is used to mark the unavailable tool position, such as The above step S103 is described.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the preset diameter dimension is a gap size in which no interference occurs between adjacent cutters when the cutters are stored on the adjacent cutter positions.

The storage module 303 is configured to store the first tool or the second tool on the corresponding tool position of the tool magazine, as described in step S103 or step S203 above.

The setting module 304 is configured to set an adjacent tool position of the tool position stored by the first tool as an unavailable tool position, as described in step S103 above.

The receiving module 305 is configured to receive a tool change command, as described in step S104 above.

The determining module 306 is configured to determine a corresponding target tool according to the tool change command received by the receiving module, as described in step S105 above.

Putting back a module 307, when the target tool determined by the determining module is marked as the first identifier, and when the target tool is used, returning the target tool to an empty knife between the unavailable tool positions In the position, the unavailable tool position is adjacent to the tool position stored by the target tool, and the first identifier is used to indicate that the diameter of the target tool is larger than the preset diameter, as described in step S106 above.

a tool change module 308, configured to replace the target tool with a target tool change speed lower than a preset tool change speed when the target tool determined by the determining module is marked as a second mark, wherein the second tool is used for the second tool And indicating that the weight of the target tool is greater than a preset weight, as described in step S206 above.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the preset weight is the rated load weight of the numerical control machine tool when the tool is replaced at the preset tool change speed. The preset tool change speed is the rated tool change speed when the CNC machine changes the tool. Optionally, the target tool change speed is half of the preset tool change speed.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the weight of the first cutter is greater than the preset weight, as described above.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to be limiting; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that The technical solutions described in the embodiments are modified, or the equivalents of the technical features are replaced by the equivalents of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

An automatic tool changing method, comprising:

The CNC machine tool receives the tool change command;

The numerical control machine tool determines a corresponding target tool according to the tool change command;

If the target tool is marked as the first mark, and when the target tool is used, the numerical control machine puts the target tool back to the empty tool position between the unavailable tool positions, the unavailable The tool position is adjacent to the tool position stored by the target tool, and the first identifier is used to indicate that the diameter of the target tool is larger than a preset diameter size;

and / or,

If the target tool is marked as the second mark, the numerical control machine tool replaces the target tool with a target tool change speed lower than a preset tool change speed, the second mark is used to indicate the weight of the target tool Greater than the preset weight.
The automatic tool change method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: before the numerical control machine tool determines the corresponding target tool according to the tool change command, the method further comprises:

The numerical control machine tool detects each tool;

If the diameter of the first tool is larger than the preset diameter, the numerical control machine marks the first tool by using the first identifier;

The numerical control machine tool stores the first tool on a corresponding tool position of the tool magazine, and sets an adjacent tool position of the tool position stored by the first tool as an unavailable tool position, and uses a third mark pair The inability to mark the location;

and / or,

If the weight of the second tool is greater than the preset weight, the numerical control machine tool marks the second tool by using the second identifier;

The numerical control machine tool stores the second tool on a corresponding tool position of the tool magazine.
The automatic tool change method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight of the first cutter is greater than a preset weight.
The automatic tool change method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the target tool change speed is half of the preset tool change speed.
The automatic tool changing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the predetermined diameter dimension is a gap size in which no interference occurs between adjacent cutters when the cutters are stored on the adjacent cutter positions;

The preset weight is a rated load weight of the CNC machine tool when the tool is replaced at the preset tool change speed;

The preset tool change speed is a rated tool change speed when the CNC machine tool changes a tool.
A numerical control machine tool, comprising:

a receiving module, configured to receive a tool change command;

a determining module, configured to determine a corresponding target tool according to the tool change command received by the receiving module;

Returning the module, when the target tool determined by the determining module is marked as the first identifier, and when the target tool is used, returning the target tool to the empty tool position between the unavailable tool positions Upper, the unavailable tool position is adjacent to the tool position stored by the target tool, and the first identifier is used to indicate that the diameter of the target tool is larger than a preset diameter size;

a tool change module, when the target tool determined by the determining module is marked as a second identifier, replacing the target tool with a target tool change speed lower than a preset tool change speed, the second identifier being used for Indicates that the weight of the target tool is greater than a preset weight.
The numerical control machine tool according to claim 6, further comprising:

a detection module for detecting each tool;

a marking module, configured to mark the first tool when the diameter of the first tool is larger than a preset diameter; and when the weight of the second tool is greater than a preset weight, Marking the second tool by using the second identifier; and further, when the adjacent tool position of the tool position stored by the first tool is set to an unavailable tool position, using the third identifier pair Mark with a knife position;

a storage module, configured to store the first tool or the second tool on a corresponding tool position of the tool magazine;

And a setting module, configured to set an adjacent tool position of the tool position stored by the first tool as an unavailable tool position.
The numerical control machine tool according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the weight of the first cutter is greater than a preset weight.
The automatic tool change method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the target change The knife speed is half of the preset tool change speed.
The automatic tool changing method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the predetermined diameter dimension is a gap size in which no interference occurs between adjacent cutters when the cutters are stored on the adjacent cutter positions;

The preset weight is a rated load weight of the CNC machine tool when the tool is replaced at the preset tool change speed;

The preset tool change speed is a rated tool change speed when the CNC machine tool changes a tool.