WO2017108718A1

WO2017108718A1 - Load-bearing panel for cargo on a ship

Info

Publication number: WO2017108718A1
Application number: PCT/EP2016/081796
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thomas Petersson
Original assignee: Macgregor Sweden Ab
Priority date: 2015-12-21
Filing date: 2016-12-19
Publication date: 2017-06-29
Also published as: SE1551682A1

Abstract

Load-bearing panel (1) for carrying cargo on a ship defining a cross-sectional sandwich structure extending in a longitudinal direction (L) and in a vertical direction (V), and comprising a top plate (2) having a cargo-facing surface (3), a load-bearing core structure (4) fixedly attached to the top plate (2) by a number of upper attachment points (5), and a bottom plane (6). The load bearing core structure (4) extending in a transverse direction (T) and comprising a plurality of spaced apart core segments (7) extending a substantial part in the vertical direction (V) from said top plate (2) to said bottom plane, and wherein each core segment (7) is made of a sheet of metal.

Description

Load-bearing panel for cargo on a ship

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention concerns a load-bearing panel for cargo on a ship. In particular, the invention concerns a load-bearing panel for cargo decks defining a cross-sectional sandwich structure extending in a longitudinal direction and in a vertical direction, and comprising a top plate having a cargo-facing surface, a load-bearing core structure fixedly attached to the top plate by a number of upper attachment points, and a bottom plane. The present invention also concerns a cargo deck for cargo on a ship.

The invention is typically applied in roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships or vessels designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as automobiles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, trailers. However, the invention can be applied in any sort of ship or vessel that carries cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thus, although the invention will be described in relation to wheeled cargo such as automobiles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, the invention may be used for other types of cargos on a ship.

Furthermore, although the invention will be described in relation to a cargo deck load-bearing panel of a ship, the invention is not restricted to this particular type of load-bearing panel, but may also be used in other type of load-bearing-panels of a ship such as in ship ramps etc.

BACKGROUND ART

Cargo decks in ships for Ro-Ro cargo are commonly made up of an array of load-bearing panels and steel beams. Load-bearing panels are traditionally heavy and measures have been taken to reduce their weight. Document WO 9614235 Al describes one way of reducing the weight of a ship deck by providing a structural element comprising a frame structure and a support plane. The support plane includes a plurality of plate-like sandwich elements which are connected with the frame structure in such a way that they integrally contribute to the overall strength of the structural element. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

There is still a need to improve the present art to achieve lighter, more durable and more functional deck plates as well as other load-bearing panels, such as ramps, for carrying Ro-Ro cargo in ships or vessels.

It is an object of the present disclosure to provide improved load-bearing panels which achieve the above mentioned benefits. This object is at least partly achieved by the features of claim 1. The disclosure describes a load-bearing panel for carrying cargo on a ship defining a cross- sectional sandwich structure extending in a longitudinal direction and in a vertical direction. The load-bearing panel comprises a top plate having a cargo-facing surface, a load-bearing core structure fixedly attached to the top plate by a number of upper attachment points, and a bottom plane surface. The load bearing core structure extends in a transverse direction and comprises a plurality of spaced apart core segments extending a substantial part in the vertical direction from said top plate to said bottom plane. Moreover, each core segment is made of a sheet of metal. In addition, the top plate comprises a plurality of lashing holes arranged in between said attachment points and adapted for anchoring cargo. The load-bearing panel may be part of a deck panel, a part of a cargo deck, a part of a ship ramp or the like. It is also conceivable that the load-bearing panel may constitute the entire deck panel, the entire cargo deck or the entire ship ramp on a ship. By way of example, the load-bearing panel applied in roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships or vessels designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as automobiles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, trailers.

The load bearing core structure extends mainly along the width of the load-bearing panel, preferably along the entire width of the load-bearing panel. The width of the load-bearing panel is defined as extending in the transverse direction. The length of the load-bearing panel is defined as extending in longitudinal direction.

The main extension of the sheet of metal making up the core segments is in the transverse direction. Moreover, the core segments extend in the vertical direction from the top plate to the bottom plane thereby defining the thickness of the load-bearing panel. The vertical extension part of the core segments defines their cross-sectional profile in vertical and longitudinal direction. The spaced apart core segments of the load bearing core structure distributes the potential load on the load-bearing panel and thereby facilitates a high load capacity and a rigid structure highly resistant to bending and distortion.

The load bearing core structure and the top plate may be of steel or any other suitable metal material. The load bearing core structure is typically thinner than the top plate, and it increases to the load capacity of the load-bearing panel as well as minimizes the weight of the load-bearing panel. That is, the thickness of the load bearing core structure is typically thinner than the thickness of the top plate.

Typically, although not strictly required, the lashing holes are arranged substantially centrally in between adjacent core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction. As an example, the lashing holes are arranged centrally in between two core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction. In other words, each one of the lashing holes is arranged substantially centrally between two adjacent core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction. By arranging the lashing holes centrally in between two core segments in the longitudinal direction, it becomes possible to optimize the panel to both withstand the heavy weight of the cargo, which exerts compressive stress on the panel, as well as to withstand the pulling force from the anchoring itself, which exerts tension stress on the panel. In particular, by arranging the lashing holes centrally in between the core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction, the tension stress from the anchoring during use of the panel is evenly distributed between the core segments, thus evenly distributed between the attachment points. To this end, the panel permits direct anchoring of cargo without diminishing the durability of the panel during use.

By way of example, the lashing holes are arranged centrally in between two core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction, and arranged centrally in between two attachment points, as seen in the longitudinal direction. That is, the lashing holes are arranged centrally in between two adjacent core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction, and arranged centrally in between two corresponding adjacent attachment points, as seen in the longitudinal direction. The cross-section of the load bearing core structure may vary in longitudinal direction, e.g. by the spaced apart core segments being of different shape. By providing lashing holes directly in the top plate, the design and structure of the load- bearing panel is simplified in comparison with traditional load-bearing panels. With the load- bearing panel of the example embodiments of the disclosure traditional cross supporting beams, e.g. provided with lashing holes, are superfluous. In this manner, there is provided a load-bearing panel for carrying cargo in a ship which is simple and stable in construction, yet being multi-functional in terms of carrying load and permitting direct anchoring of cargo to the panel. The solution of the present invention is thus lighter, space-saving and easier to assemble.

The example embodiments as described herein are particularly useful as load-bearing panel(s) for cargo on roll -on/roll -off (RORO or ro-ro) ships or vessels designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as automobiles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, trailers. Roll -on/roll -off (RORO or ro-ro) ships are vessels designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as automobiles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, trailers, and railroad cars, that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels or using a platform vehicle, such as a self-propelled modular transporter. However, the example embodiments may also be useful on lift-on/lift-off (LoLo) vessels, which use a crane to load and unload cargo. The example embodiments may also be used on ships or vessels with built- in ramps that allow the cargo to be efficiently rolled on and off the vessel when in port.

The plurality of lashing holes is typically evenly distributed along the width of the load-bearing panels. That is, the plurality of lashing holes is typically evenly distributed along the transverse width of the load-bearing panels. The plurality of lashing holes may be arranged on a row. The plurality of lashing holes may be arranged on a row along the transverse direction. By way of example, a lashing hole is provided at least every 800mm along the width of the load-bearing panels. The distance between the lashing holes, in transverse direction, is preferably 400- 1200mm, still preferably 600-lOOOmm, still preferably 700-800mm. According to one aspect of the disclosure the spaced apart core segments are arranged at least partly inclined in relation to the top plate.

Typically the lashing holes are arranged centrally, in longitudinal direction, between two core segments. Another type of distribution in longitudinal direction is also possible.

The inclination of the core segment in relation to the top plate contributes to an increased high load capacity and a rigid load-bearing panel structure highly resistant to bending and distortion. The range of the angle between the top plate and the load bearing core structure may vary depending on installation and use of the panel. By way of example, a typically range of angle between the top plate and the load bearing core structure is 40-90 degrees, more preferably 60-90 degrees.

According to another example embodiment of the disclosure, the core segments of the load bearing core structure are arranged to form a continuous corrugated load bearing core structure.

According to one of many example embodiments, the lashing holes have circumferential edges. Further, the lashing holes are reinforced at said circumferential edges. In this context it is however, without departing from the scope of the disclosure, possible that a few of the lashing holes are not reinforced at their circumferential edge even though a majority of the lashing holes are reinforced. In one example embodiment, all lashing holes are reinforced at their circumferential edges. The reinforced lashing hole can be obtained in several different ways, either as an integral part of the top plate or a separate part connected to the top plate.

According to one example embodiment the load-bearing panel comprises reinforcement means arranged at the circumferential edge of said lashing holes. The reinforcement means is hereby a separate reinforcement means of the panel. In other words, the load-bearing panel comprises a separate reinforcement means arranged at the circumferential edge of said lashing holes. Typically, the reinforcement means may comprise a rounded part arranged at the circumferential edge of the lashing holes.

The rounded part is arranged to enclose the circumferential edge of the lashing holes, thereby creating a curved cross section at the lashing edge which facilitates a better grip for the end hook of a lashing means. The lashing is thereby further improved. The rounded part of the reinforcement means is arranged such that it is flush with the top plate. That is, the rounded part of the reinforcement means does not extend upwardly beyond the lashing hole edge towards the cargo-facing surface for the top plate. The cargo-facing surface is thereby essentially planar.

The reinforcement means further comprises an elongated part arranged to extend along the load bearing core structure facing surface, opposite the cargo-facing surface, of the top plate when arranged at the lashing hole. The elongated part allows for attachment between the reinforcement means and the top plate. In one example the attachment means are glue and rivets. Glue and rivets minimize the risk of impairing the top plate since they do not directly affect the material of the top plate. In another example, the attachment means are weld points. In one example embodiment, the edge of the top plate is bent into a rounded shape at the edge of the lashing holes, thereby reinforcing the edge of the lashing holes and facilitating the grip of a lashing means e.g. a tether with an end hook. The bending is a means of reinforcement. This type of reinforcement of the edge is an integral part of the top plate. In another example embodiment, the top plate is stamped at the circumferential edge of lashing holes. The stamping is a means of reinforcement. This type of reinforcement of the edge is an integral part of the top plate.

The circumferential edge of lashing holes being stamped reinforces the edge of the lashing holes and improves the ability to withstand forces created by lashing means at the lashing holes. The lashing holes of a load-bearing panel may be reinforced by different means, i.e. a combination of reinforcement means mentioned herein can be combined in one load-bearing panel. By way of example, the lashing holes of the load-bearing panel may be reinforced by a combination of integral reinforcement means and separate reinforcement means connected to the circumferential edge of the lashing hole.

Typically the longitudinal cross section of the load bearing core structure is repetitively inverted trapezoid. Other examples of the load bearing core structure cross section include sinusoidal, repetitive triangular, square or rectangle. The cross-sectional pattern of the load bearing core structure may be uniform or non-uniform across the entire size of the load- bearing panel in longitudinal direction.

In one example embodiment, the load bearing core structure comprises z-shaped core segments arranged in pairs such that each pair forms an inverted trapezoid in cross section.

In another example embodiment the load bearing core structure comprises a plurality of core segments being essentially inverted trapezoid in cross section.

In another example embodiment the load bearing core structure is a trapezoidal sheet.

The load bearing structure may also be two sheets overlaying each other in vertical direction; the upper sheet facing the top plate and the lower sheet facing the bottom plane surface. The cross-sectional profile of the upper sheet is preferably offset and/or inverted in relation to the lower sheet. In one example embodiment, the upper sheet is trapezoidal and the lower sheet is inverted trapezoidal.

It should be noted that in all example embodiments, the lashing holes may be arranged substantially centrally in between adjacent core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction. As an example, the lashing holes are arranged centrally in between two core segments of the upper sheet, as seen in the longitudinal direction. The example embodiments above are combinable. As an example; a part of the load bearing core structure may comprise z-shaped core segments and part of the load bearing core structure may comprise core segments being essentially inverted trapezoid or may be a trapezoidal sheet.

A trapezoidal cross section provides a very effective way to brace steel plate structures. Such a cross-section forms structures that are highly resistant to bending and distortion. The design makes it possible to create long-lasting, fatigue-resistance deck structures. According to one example embodiment, the load-bearing panel further comprises a bottom plate defining the bottom plane surface. In this example, the load bearing core structure is arranged to be attached to the bottom plate at lower attachment points.

The bottom plate further increases stability of the load-bearing panel. It also encloses the load bearing core structures, thereby protecting the load bearing core structures from external damages. A load-bearing panel with a top as well as a bottom plate is thereby easier to handle.

Moreover, accessories may be provided in the space created between the top plate and bottom plate, within the load bearing core structure. One type of accessories may be various types of electronics or the like.

In another example embodiment the load bearing core structure is attached to the top plate by attachment means at the upper attachment points.

The attachment means may be glue and rivets. Such attachment means gives uniform load distribution and thus has minimal effect on the load bearing capacity of the deck plate i.e. does not weaken the top plate. Other examples of attachment means include welding. The attachment points are distributed, typically but not necessarily, uniformly over the entire extension of the load bearing core structure, thereby not affecting the load bearing capacity of the top plate to any large extent. The load bearing core structures may be attached to the bottom plate in similar manner. In other words, the load bearing core structures may be attached to the bottom plate by glue, rivets and/or welding. This thereby further stabilizes the load bearing core structure.

In one example embodiment, the load-bearing panel further comprises at least two end beams arranged to extend in longitudinal direction of the load-bearing panel such that the end beams are perpendicular oriented to the transverse extension of the load bearing core structures, and wherein the top plate and load bearing core structure is arranged to rest upon the end beams. The end beams may rest upon holding means such as flanges at the hull of the ship or a ramp framework.

If the load-bearing structure is arranged in a ship; the end beams are arranged to extend in the longitudinal or transversal direction of the ship and to support the deck plate(s) in the cargo compartment. The end beams transfer the load from the load-bearing panel to the hull of the ship in such use.

The end beams are provided with a respective flange extending in transverse direction, and upon which the end of the load bearing core structures rest. The end beams are arranged at the respective ends of the extension of the core segments extending in transverse direction. The end beams are arranged at opposite ends of the core segments.

In one example embodiment, the end beams comprises elongated arms, wherein the elongated arms extend in between the core segments of the load bearing core structures and are arranged in contact with the bottom plate such that the elongated arms rest onto the bottom plate.

The elongated arms may be provided with attachment means such as welding points, rivets, screws or glue enabling attachment to the load bearing core structure and/or bottom plate. The elongated arms distribute the momentum between the top plate and the load bearing core structures thereby stabilizing the arrangement. The elongated arms counteract shear forces arising in the load-bearing panel. The disclosure also relates to a cargo deck for cargo on a ship, wherein the cargo deck comprises at least one load-bearing panel as disclosed herein. That is, a load-bearing panel according to any one of the example embodiments, design variants and/or alternatives as mentioned above with respect to the first aspect of the disclosure.

The cargo deck may further comprise at least two end beams arranged to extend in longitudinal direction of the load-bearing panel such that the end beams are perpendicular oriented to the transverse extension of the load bearing core structure.

The disclosure also relates to a ship ramp for cargo on a ship, wherein the ship ramp comprises at least one load-bearing panel as disclosed herein. That is, a load-bearing panel according to any one of the example embodiments, design variants and/or alternatives as mentioned above with respect to the previous aspects of the disclosure.

The ship ramp may further comprise at least two end beams arranged to extend in longitudinal direction of the load-bearing panel such that the end beams are perpendicular oriented to the transverse extension of the load bearing core structure. The load-bearing panel may also be arranged in other positions in the ship where a cargo carrying panel is needed.

Further features of, and advantages with, the disclosure will become apparent when studying the appended claims and the following description. The skilled person realize that different features of the disclosure may be combined to create embodiments other than those described in the following, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The various example embodiments of the disclosure, including its particular features and example advantages, will be readily understood from the following illustrative and non- limiting detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an example load-bearing panel of the disclosure,

Figure 2 shows the load-bearing panel of figure 1 with end beams; Figure 3 shows an example of an end beam provided with elongated arms according to the disclosure;

Figure 4 shows a top view of the top plate with lashing holes and attachment points; Figs 5a-b shows a cross-section of an example core segment of the disclosure;

Figure 5c shows an exploded view of the core segment of figure 5a;

Figure 6 shows an example attachment of the load bearing core structure to the top plate according to the disclosure;

Figure 7 shows an example of a lashing hole provided with reinforcement means

according to the disclosure; Figure 8 shows a cross-section of an example core segment of the disclosure;

Figure 9 shows a cross-section of another example core segment of the disclosure;

Figs lOa-c show a cross-section of another example core segment of the disclosure;

Figs lOd-e show a cross-section of yet another example core segment of the disclosure; and

Figure 11 shows a vehicle lashed to a load-bearing panel of a cargo deck according to the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS The present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which example embodiments of the disclosure are shown. The disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the example embodiment set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided for thoroughness and completeness. Like reference characters refer to like elements throughout the description.

For purposes of description herein the terms "upper," "lower," "inward," "outward," "outermost," "lowermost," "vertical," "transverse,", "longitudinal," and derivatives thereof relate to the example embodiment of the disclosure as oriented in the figures. However, it is to be understood that the example embodiments may assume various alternative orientations, except where expressly specified to the contrary. It is also to be understood that the examples illustrated in the attached drawings, and described in the following specification are simply exemplary embodiments. Hence, dimensions and other physical characteristics relating to the embodiments disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting, unless the appended claims expressly state otherwise.

One example of a load-bearing panel described herein will now be further described in conjunction with the Figures 1-8. The use of the panel is e.g. illustrated in Figure. 11. Other examples of the panel are described in conjunction with the Figures 9-10.

For sake of simplicity, the load-bearing panel in the various figs. 1-10 is a deck panel for a cargo deck on a ship, and the following example embodiments of the disclosure are described based on an exemplary deck panel to illustrate the configuration of load-bearing panel and its arrangement. However, such does not mean that the example embodiments of the disclosure will be limited to an installation of the load-bearing panel as a deck panel for a cargo deck on a ship. Rather, the load-bearing panel may be part of a deck panel, a part of a cargo deck, a part of a ship ramp or the like. It is also conceivable that the load-bearing panel may constitute the entire deck panel, the entire cargo deck or the entire ship ramp on a ship. The load-bearing panel in this example embodiment is typically applied in roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships or vessels designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as automobiles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, trailers. Turning now to Figure 1, there is depicted a load-bearing panel 1 for carrying cargo on a ship. The load-bearing panel 1 defines a cross-sectional sandwich structure extending in a longitudinal direction L and in a vertical direction V. In other words, the load-bearing panel extends in the longitudinal direction L and in the vertical direction V. Further, the load-bearing panel extends in a transverse direction T. The load-bearing panel 1 comprises a top plate 2 having a cargo-facing surface 3 and a load-bearing core structure 4. The top plate 2 is arranged above the load bearing core structure in the transvers direction T. The load bearing core structure is fixedly attached to the top plate 2 by a number of upper attachment points 5 arranged in rows along the entire transverse width of the load-bearing panel. The upper attachment points are further described in conjunction with fig. 4. The load-bearing panel further comprises a bottom plane 6. In this example the bottom plane 6 is a bottom plate 9.

The load bearing core structure 4 comprises a plurality of spaced apart core segments 7 that extends in the transverse direction T, thereby covering the entire width of the load-bearing panel 1. The core segments 7 also extend in an inclined manner in the vertical direction V from the top plate 2 to the bottom plane. In other words, the core segments are inclined relative the vertical direction V. In this example, the core segments 7 form inverted trapezoids repeated across the entire length of the load-bearing panel in the longitudinal direction L, i.e. forms a repetitive trapezoid cross-section. The inclined part of the core segment 7, the part extending in the vertical direction, forms an inner angle with the top plate of about 60 degrees. Each core segment 7 is made of a sheet of metal. The top plate is also made of metal. Typically, each core segment is made of a sheet of metal being thinner than the top plate. By way of example, the thickness of the sheet of metal of the core segment is between 2-10 mm, still preferably the thickness of the sheet of metal of the core segment is between 2-5 mm. The thickness of the metal of the top plate may also be selected within the same ranges. Thus, the thickness of the of metal of the top plate is between 2-10 mm, still preferably the thickness of the metal of the top plate is between 2-5 mm. if the example embodiment of the load-bearing panel comprises a bottom plate, the thickness of the metal of the bottom plate may also be selected within the same ranges. Thus, the thickness of the metal of the bottom plate is between 2-10 mm, still preferably the thickness of the metal of the bottom plate is between 2-5 mm.

The top plate 2 comprises a plurality of lashing holes 8 arranged in between the attachment points 5 and adapted for anchoring cargo. That is, the top plate 2 comprises a plurality of lashing holes 8 arranged in between the upper attachment points 5 and adapted for anchoring cargo. Before transportation by sea, cargo, for example cars and lorries, is usually secured to e.g. a cargo deck that carries the cargo. The securing ties usually consist of strong textile bands with metal hooks at the ends that are attached to the vehicle, either to eyes on the vehicle or to the wheels. At the other end, the hooks are anchored to the load-bearing panel via the lashing holes 8. In other words, the lashing holes are adapted for anchoring cargo on a ship. If the hole is essentially circular, the diameter of the lashing hole is typically between 2-40 mm. Still preferably, the diameter of the lashing hole is typically between 2-10 mm. Still preferably, the diameter of the lashing hole is typically between 2-5 mm. Other dimensions are conceivable for other type of holes. In addition, the dimensions of the holes are typically selected in view of the shape of the hole, type of ship, type of cargo etc. The lashing holes 8 are typically, although not strictly required, centrally arranged in between the inclined core segments 7 forming the inverted trapezoid cross section. Typically, although not strictly required, the lashing holes are arranged centrally in between two core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction. By arranging the lashing holes centrally in between two core segments in the longitudinal direction, it becomes possible to optimize the panel to both withstand the heavy weight of the cargo, which exerts compressive stress on the panel, as well as to withstand the pulling force from the anchoring itself, which exerts tension stress on the panel. In particular, by arranging the lashing holes centrally in between the core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction, the tension stress from the anchoring during use of the panel is evenly distributed between the core segments, thus evenly distributed between the attachment points. To this end, the panel permits direct anchoring of cargo without diminishing the durability of the panel during use. By way of example, the lashing holes are arranged centrally in between two core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction, and arranged centrally in between two attachment points, as seen in the longitudinal direction. The lashing holes 8 are arranged in transverse rows along the width of the load-bearing panel 1. The arrangement and configuration of the lashing holes are further described in relation to e.g. fig. 4 herein. Figure 2 shows the load-bearing panel 1 of Figure 1 provided with two end beams 10 extending in the longitudinal direction L of the load-bearing panel 1 along the entire length of the load-bearing panel 1. The two end beams 10 are arranged opposite each other. The end beams 10 are perpendicular arranged to the extension of the load bearing core structure 4. That is, the end beams are arranged relative to the load bearing core structure so that the substantial extension of the end beams 10 in the longitudinal direction L are perpendicular arranged to the extension of the load bearing core structure 4 (extending in the transverse direction T). Further, the two end beams are arranged along opposite end parts of the load- bearing panel 1, as shown in fig. 2. It is to be noted that the end beams are only optional, and thus not strictly necessary in all design variants herein.

It should also be noted that in some example embodiments, the end beam may not necessarily extend along the entire length of the load-bearing panel 1. Thus, in some example embodiments (not shown), the load-bearing panel 1 is provided with two end beams 10 extending in longitudinal direction L of the load-bearing panel 1 along a substantial length of the load-bearing panel 1.

Figure 3 shows an example of an end beam 10 detached from the rest of the deck plate (load- bearing panel) 1 of Figure 2. Each end beam 10 has a top flange 11 extending outwardly along its length in the longitudinal direction L. The top flanges 11 facilitate engagement with e.g. hull walls of a ship or a ramp framework. The end beam 10 also has a lower flange 12 extending inwardly along its length in the longitudinal direction; upon which lower flange 12 the load bearing core structure 4 and the bottom plate 9 rest. The lower flange 12 is here provided with screw joint reinforcement means 14 attaching the end beam 10 to the bottom plate 9. However, other reinforcement means may be readily appreciated. The end beam is further provided with elongated arms 13. That is, the end beam in this example comprises at least one elongated arm. Typically, the end beam comprises a number of elongated arms 13. In this example, the number of elongated arms is 8. The elongated arms 13 are arranged at a distance from each other corresponding to the distance between the centres of the cavities of the trapezoid core segments 7. In figure 2, each one of the elongated arms extends into the cavity formed by the core segments 7 of the load bearing core structures 4 and are arranged in contact with the bottom plate 9 such that the elongated arms 13 rest onto the bottom plate 9. The cavity formed by the core segments typically refers to the open space defined by the arrangement of the core segments, see e.g. the open space reference 28 in fig. 5a. The extending end of the elongated arms 13 is provided with screw joint reinforcement means 14. The upper edge of the end beams facing the load bearing core structure 4 is also provided with screw joint reinforcement means 14. Other reinforcement means may be readily appreciated. By way of example, the number of elongated arms is between 2-20. Still preferably, the number of elongated arms is between 4-16. Still preferably, the number of elongated arms is between 8-12. In one example, as shown in fig. 2, the number of elongated arms is eight. In addition, in this example, the elongated arms are arranged in two groups, each group comprising four elongated arms arranged spaced apart.

As mentioned above, figure 4 shows the cargo-facing surface of the top plate 2 provided with a plurality of lashing holes 8 arranged along transverse rows. In addition, the upper attachment points 5 are arranged along transverse rows, attaching the upper part 7a of the core segments 7 to the top plate 2 (see e.g. fig 5b or fig 5c). The upper part 7a of the core segment is shown in e.g. fig. 5b, 5c and 10b. In this example, the rows of lashing holes 8 are distributed between the rows of upper attachment points 5 such that each lashing hole is centralized in between four attachment point. Further, the lashing holes are in this example arranged centrally in between two adjacent core segments 7 in the longitudinal direction L. In other words, each one of the lashing holes is arranged substantially centrally between two adjacent core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction L. The centrally aligned lashing holes 8, in between two respectively, inclined in relation to the top plate 2, core segments 7 forming an inverted trapezoid cross-section, is shown in Figures 5a-b. In other words, in this example as shown in figs. 4 and 5a to 5b, the lashing holes 8 are arranged centrally in between two core segments 7, as seen in the longitudinal direction L. By arranging the lashing holes centrally in between two core segments in the longitudinal direction L, it becomes possible to optimize the panel to both withstand the heavy weight of the cargo, which exerts compressive stress on the panel, as well as to withstand the pulling force from the anchoring itself, which exerts tension stress on the panel. In particular, by arranging the lashing holes centrally in between the core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction, the tension stress from the anchoring during use of the panel is evenly distributed between the core segments, thus evenly distributed between the attachment points. To this end, the panel permits direct anchoring of cargo without diminishing the durability of the panel during use.

The distance in the longitudinal direction between the lashing holes and the core segments may be determined by the longitudinal distance between a vertical centre line through the lashing hole and a vertical line across a vertical mid-point of the core segment as the extension of the core segment in the longitudinal direction may vary depending on the inclination of the core segment. In fig. 5b, the vertical centre line through the lashing hole is denoted with number 72 and the vertical line across a vertical mid-point of one core segment is denoted with reference 75, and the other vertical line across another vertical mid-point of an adjacent core segment is denoted with reference 76. Alternatively, the distance along the longitudinal direction between the lashing holes and the core segments may be determined by the longitudinal distance between a vertical centre line through the lashing hole and a vertical centre line across an attachment point 5 attaching the core segment with the top plate. In fig. 5b, the vertical centre line through the lashing hole is denoted with number 72 and the vertical centre line across one attachment point 5 is denoted with reference 71, and the other vertical centre line across an adjacent longitudinal attachment point 5 is denoted with reference 73. Alternatively, the distance along the longitudinal direction between the lashing holes and the core segments may be determined by the longitudinal distance between a vertical centre line through the lashing hole and a vertical centre line across the upper part 7a of the core segment.

In addition, in this example, the lashing holes 8 are arranged centrally in between two core segments 7, as seen in the longitudinal direction L, and arranged centrally in between the attachment points 5, as seen in the longitudinal direction L. It should be readily appreciated that the lashing holes may be arranged in other ways, and also that the lashing holes may be distributed in other ways than being essentially arranged in transverse rows. Analogously, it should be readily appreciated that the attachment points may be arranged in other ways, and also that the attachment points may be distributed in other ways than being essentially arranged in transverse rows.

It is to be noted that all features and examples described in relation to fig. 4 may be incorporated in the load-bearing panel described above in relation to figs 1-3. Further, it is to be noted that all features and examples described in relation to fig. 4 and figs. 5a-5b may be incorporated in the load-bearing panel described above in relation to figs 1-3

Figures 5a-b shows two core segments 7 being attached to the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 9 through upper attachment points 5 and lower attachment points 15, respectively. The upper and lower attachment points 5, 15 are formed by rivets and glue. Each core segment 7 has a Z-shaped profile, and forms, in pairs of two, an inverted trapezoid in cross-section in the vertical-longitudinal plane. The inner angle a is defined as the angle between the top plate 2 and the inclined core segment 7. The angle a is thus facing the lashing hole 8. By way of example, the angle a is about 60 degrees. However, the angle a can vary between 30-90 degrees, still preferably between 45-75 degrees, still preferably between 50-65 degrees.

A substantial part of the core segments 7 extends in the vertical direction V from the top plate 2 to the bottom plane 9. The uppermost part of the core segments 7 extend in the longitudinal direction outwards away from the lashing hole 8, and the lowermost part of the core segments 7 extends in the longitudinal direction inwards towards the lashing hole 8.

Figure 5c shows an exploded view of Figure 5b. The lashing hole 8 is reinforced by a removably arranged circular reinforcement means 16 lining the circumferential edge border of the lashing hole 8. The reinforcement means 16 is attached to the top plate by rivets and glue. The reinforcement means may also be attached to the top plate by welding.

It is to be noted that the various example embodiments, features and examples, described above in relation to figs. 5a-5c may be incorporated in the load-bearing panel described above in relation to the other figs 1-3. Figure 6 shows the upper attachment point 5 between the top plate 2 and the core segment 7, as described above. Typically, the attachment point refers to a type of fastening between the top plate and the core segment that result in a permanent attachment connection which means that the connection should be sufficiently rigid to withstand loads during ordinary use of the panel. In addition, in this example, the core segment 7 is thinner than the top plate 2.

Figure 7 shows a lashing hole 8 reinforced with the reinforcement means 16. The reinforcement means 16 is provided with a rounded part 17 and an elongated part 18. The rounded part 17 is arranged to enclose the circumferential edge of the lashing hole 8. The elongated part 18 faces the load bearing core structure, extends along the top plate 2 in a direction away from the lashing hole 8, and abut the load bearing core structure facing surface of the top plate 2. Attachment is achieved between the top plate 2 and the reinforcement means 16. A lashing means 19, with a hook 20 at the end, engages with the lashing hole through the reinforcement means 16. Lashing of cargo is thereby facilitated. It is to be noted that all features and examples described in relation to fig. 7 may be incorporated in the example embodiments of the load-bearing panel described above in relation to figs 1-6.

Alternative core segment profiles are described in conjunction with the Figures 8-10. Any one of these core segment profiles may incorporate any example, example embodiment, feature or effect as mentioned above with respect to the figs. 1-3, 4, 5a-5c, 6 and 7.

Figure 8 shows a load bearing core structure 4 wherein the core segment 7 has an inverted trapezoid profile, the core segment 7 comprises a pair of walls inclined in relation to the top plate 2. The lower part of the core segment 7 in the load bearing core structure 4 defines the bottom plane 6. It is to be noted that all features and examples described in relation to fig. 8 may be incorporated in the example embodiments of the load-bearing panel described above.

Figure 9 shows another load bearing core structure 4 example wherein the load bearing core structure 7 is a single sheet having a core segments 7 of inverted trapezoid profile. The lower part of the core segments 7 are arranged at a distance from the bottom plate 9, thereby not abutting the bottom plate 9. No lower attachment points are needed in this embodiment. It is to be noted that all features and examples described in relation to fig. 9 may be incorporated in the example embodiments of the load-bearing panel described above.

Figure lOa-c shows another example profile of core segments 7 of the load bearing core structure 4. This arrangement of the core segments 7 is sometimes also denoted as an X-type profile. In this example, the load core bearing structure 4 comprises an upper sheet 22 and a lower sheet 23 each comprising a plurality of core segments 7 extending a substantial part in the vertical direction V. Typically, the upper sheet 22 is a single sheet having a plurality of core segments 7 of trapezoid profile, while the lower sheet 23 is a single sheet having a plurality of core segments 7 of inverted trapezoid profile. The upper sheet 22 is trapezoidal and the lower sheet 23 is inverted trapezoidal. In this context, the upper sheet is defined by a number of core segments of trapezoid profile, while the lower sheet is defined by a number of core segments of inverted trapezoid profile. It should also be readily understood that the opposite arrangement may be possible. That is, the upper sheet may be defined by a number of core segments of inverted trapezoid profile, while the lower sheet is defined by a number of core segments of trapezoid profile. The upper sheet 22 and the lower sheet 23 are arranged to be in contact with each other at joining points 24 and in contact with the top plate 2 and bottom plate 9, respectively. The joining points may as an example be welded points, rivets, glue or the like. The attachment between the load bearing core structure 4 and the top and bottom plate (2, 9) is facilitated by attachment means e.g. rivets and glue or welding. The upper sheet in this example is attached to the top plate 2 by the upper attachment points 5. The lower sheet in this example is attached to the bottom plate 9 through the lower attachment points 15, respectively. The upper and lower attachment points 5, 15 are formed by rivets and glue or any other suitable attachment means as described herein. In addition, in this example, the upper sheet and the lower sheet are in contact with each other via the joining points 24. It is to be noted that all features and examples described in relation to fig. lOa-lOc may be incorporated in the example embodiments of the load-bearing panel described above.

In this example, as also mentioned above for some of the other examples, the lashing holes 8 are arranged centrally in between two core segments 7 of the upper sheet 22, as seen in the longitudinal direction. By arranging the lashing holes centrally in between two core segments in the longitudinal direction, it becomes possible to optimize the panel to both withstand the heavy weight of the cargo, which exerts compressive stress on the panel, as well as to withstand the pulling force from the anchoring itself, which exerts tension stress on the panel. In particular, by arranging the lashing holes centrally in between the core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction, the tension stress from the anchoring during use of the panel is evenly distributed between the core segments, thus evenly distributed between the attachment points. To this end, the panel permits direct anchoring of cargo without diminishing the durability of the panel during use. By way of example, the lashing holes are arranged centrally in between two core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction, and arranged centrally in between two attachment points, as seen in the longitudinal direction.

In this example embodiment, some of the lashing holes 8 extend through the top plate 2 only, while other lashing holes 8 extend through the top plate 2 and the upper parts of the core segments 7a. In other examples, the panel comprises a plurality of lashing holes 8 only extending through the top plate 2 and the upper parts of the core segments 7a. Yet in other examples, the panel comprises a plurality of lashing holes 8 only extending through the top plate 2, which is shown in e.g. figures lOd-e.

Figures lOd-e shows another example of arranging the lashing holes in the core segment profile type as described in relation to figs. lOa-c. This example embodiment typically includes all features as described in conjunction with the example in figs. lOa-c except that the plurality of lashing holes 8 only extends through the top plate 2. That is, the top plate 2 comprises a plurality of lashing holes 8 arranged in between the attachment points 5 and adapted for anchoring cargo, wherein the plurality of lashing holes 8 only extends through the top plate 2. As mentioned with respect to the example in figs. lOa-c, the lashing holes 8 are arranged centrally in between two core segments 7 of the upper sheet 22, as seen in the longitudinal direction L.

It should be noted that the terms central, centrally arranged, arranged centrally, as used herein with respect to the provision that the lashing holes being arranged centrally in between two core segments, typically means that a lashing hole is arranged in, at, or near the centre point between two core segments. In one example, these terms may thus refer to that the vertical centre line of a lashing hole is coaxial with a vertical centre line across the longitudinal distance between two adjacent core segments. However, in other examples, these terms may also refer to that the vertical centre line of a lashing hole is nearly coaxial with a vertical centre line across the longitudinal distance between two adjacent core segments. In other examples, these terms may also refer to that the vertical centre line of a lashing hole is within a longitudinal distance d from a vertical centre line across the longitudinal distance between two adjacent core segments, and wherein the distance d is about 50 % of the average longitudinal distance between two adjacent core segments. Still preferably, the distance d is about 40 % of the average distance between two adjacent core segments. Still preferably, the distance d is about 30 % of the average distance between two adjacent core segments. Still preferably, the distance d is about 20 % of the average distance between two adjacent core segments. Still preferably, the distance d is about 10 % of the average distance between two adjacent core segments. Still preferably, the distance d is about 5 % of the average distance between two adjacent core segments.

Figure 11 shows a vehicle lashed to a load-bearing panel 1 of a cargo deck 21 on a ship according to example embodiments herein. In the example of Figure 11, the load-bearing panel is used as a deck plate in the hull of a ship. Before transportation by sea, cargo, for example cars and lorries, is usually secured to the cargo deck that carries the cargo. The securing ties usually consist of strong textile bands with metal hooks at the ends that are attached to the vehicle, either to eyes on the vehicle or to the wheels. At the other end, the hooks are anchored to the lashing holes 8 of the load-bearing panel of the cargo deck. A lashing means 19, with a hook at the end, engages with the lashing hole 8. The lashing hole can be provided with or without the reinforcement means 16 as mentioned above. Lashing of cargo is thereby facilitated. Accordingly, if for example the ship or vessel is a so-called ro-ro vessel, rolling cargo, such as vehicles, are naturally positioned in the longitudinal direction of the ship which will usually facilitate loading and unloading, irrespective of whether the cargo ports are located at the stern or in the side of the ship.

The load bearing panel can also be used in other parts of the cargo ship as mentioned above, e.g. in a ship ramp of a ship. Reference signs mentioned in the claims should not be seen as limiting the extent of the matter protected by the claims, and their sole function is to make claims easier to understand. As will be realised, the invention is capable of modification in various obvious respects, all without departing from the scope of the appended claims. For example the load bearing core structure may have various suitable load bearing sandwich profiles, the lashing holes must not be circular and the lashing holes must not be arranged in a repetitive manner evenly distributed across the top plate. Accordingly, the drawings and the description herein are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not restrictive.

Claims

1. A load-bearing panel (1) for carrying cargo on a ship defining a cross-sectional sandwich structure extending in a longitudinal direction (L) and in a vertical direction (V), and comprising a top plate (2) having a cargo-facing surface (3), a load-bearing core structure (4) fixedly attached to the top plate (2) by a number of upper attachment points (5), and a bottom plane (6), the load bearing core structure (4) further extending in a transverse direction (T) and comprising a plurality of spaced apart core segments (7) extending a substantial part in the vertical direction (V) from said top plate (2) to said bottom plane (6), and wherein each core segment (7) is made of a sheet of metal, and wherein the top plate (2) comprises a plurality of lashing holes (8) arranged in between said attachment points (5) and adapted for anchoring cargo.

2. Load-bearing panel (1) according to claim 1, wherein the spaced apart core segments (7) are arranged at least partly inclined in relation to the top plate (2).

3. Load-bearing panel (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the core segments (7) of the load bearing core structure (4) are arranged to form a continuous corrugated load bearing core structure (4).

4. Load-bearing panel (1) according to any of the preceding claim, wherein said lashing holes (8) have circumferential edges, and said lashing holes (8) are reinforced at said circumferential edges.

5. Load-bearing panel (1) according to claim 4, wherein the load-bearing panel (1) comprises reinforcement means (16) arranged at the circumferential edge of said lashing holes (8), the reinforcement (16) means comprising a rounded part arranged at the circumferential edge of the lashing holes (8).

6. Load-bearing panel (1) according to claim 4, wherein the top plate is stamped at the circumferential edge of lashing holes.

7. Load-bearing panel (1) according to any of the preceding claim, wherein the longitudinal cross section of the load bearing core structure (4) is repetitive inverted trapezoid.

8. Load-bearing panel (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the load bearing core structure (4) comprises z-shaped core segments (7) arranged in pairs such that each pair form an inverted trapezoid in cross section.

9. Load-bearing panel (1) according to claims 1-7, wherein the load bearing core structure (4) comprises a plurality of core segments (7) being essentially inverted trapezoid in cross section.

10. Load-bearing panel (1) according to claims 1-7, wherein the load bearing core structure (4) is a trapezoidal sheet.

11. Load-bearing panel (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the load- bearing panel (1) further comprises a bottom plate (9) defining the bottom plane (6), and the load bearing core structure (4) is arranged to be attached to the bottom plate (9) at lower attachment points (15).

12. Load-bearing panel (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the load bearing core structure (4) is attached to the top plate (2) by attachment means.

13. Load-bearing panel (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the load- bearing panel (1) further comprises at least two end beams (10) arranged to extend in the longitudinal direction of the load-bearing panel (1) such that the end beams (10) are perpendicular oriented to the transverse extension of the load bearing core structure (4), and wherein the top plate (2) and load bearing core structure (4) are arranged to rest upon the end beams (10).

14. Load-bearing panel (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the end beams (10) comprises elongated arms (13), wherein the elongated arms (13) extend in between the core segments (7) of the load bearing core structure (4) and are arranged in contact with the bottom plate (9) such that the elongated arms (10) rest onto the bottom plate (9).

15. Load-bearing panel (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the lashing holes are arranged substantially centrally in between adjacent core segments, as seen in the longitudinal direction (L).

16. Load-bearing panel (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the load- bearing panel (1) is a deck panel for a cargo deck of a ship.

17. A cargo deck (21) for cargo on a ship, wherein the cargo deck (21) comprises at least one load-bearing panel (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1-16.

18. Cargo deck (21) for cargo on a ship according to claim 17, wherein the cargo deck (21) further comprises at least two end beams (10) arranged to extend in longitudinal direction of the load-bearing panel (1) such that the end beams (10) are perpendicular to the transverse extension of the load bearing core structure (4).

19. A ship ramp for cargo, wherein the ship ramp comprises at least one load-bearing panel (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1-16.

20. Ship ramp for cargo according to claim 19, wherein the ship ramp further comprises at least two end beams (10) arranged to extend in the longitudinal direction of the load- bearing panel (1) such that the end beams (10) are perpendicular oriented to the transverse extension of the load bearing core structure (4).