WO2017107283A1 - 基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备及方法 - Google Patents

基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017107283A1
WO2017107283A1 PCT/CN2016/072413 CN2016072413W WO2017107283A1 WO 2017107283 A1 WO2017107283 A1 WO 2017107283A1 CN 2016072413 W CN2016072413 W CN 2016072413W WO 2017107283 A1 WO2017107283 A1 WO 2017107283A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
millimeter wave
human body
wave signal
mixer
person
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PCT/CN2016/072413
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
祁春超
赵术开
刘贝贝
吴光胜
丁庆
黄雄伟
刘俊成
贾成艳
张艳东
刘艳丽
Original Assignee
深圳市太赫兹科技创新研究院
华讯方舟科技有限公司
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Priority to US16/065,998 priority Critical patent/US11163058B2/en
Publication of WO2017107283A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017107283A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
    • G01S13/34—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
    • G01S13/343—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal using sawtooth modulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/887—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/03—Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
    • G01S7/032—Constructional details for solid-state radar subsystems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a human body security inspection system, in particular to a multi-person human body security inspection device and method based on linear frequency modulation.
  • the millimeter wave is an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of from 1 mm to 10 mm, and its frequency is from 30 GHz to 300 GHz. In practical engineering applications, the low-end frequency of the millimeter wave is often lowered to 26 GHz. In the electromagnetic spectrum, the millimeter wave is located in the wavelength range where the microwave and the far infrared wave overlap, and thus has the characteristics of two kinds of spectra. Compared with microwaves, the narrow beam and high-gain antennas are easy to implement, which enables the millimeter-wave system to achieve higher spatial resolution and higher anti-interference ability. At the same time, the millimeter-wave system can suppress the elevation angle of the probe in the microwave system.
  • millimeter wave penetration of plasma is strong, Doppler frequency shift is large, speed measurement sensitivity is high, and millimeter wave device is small in size and light in weight, so millimeter wave system is easier to integrate .
  • the attenuation of millimeter wave transmission in the atmosphere is very small, and natural light and heat radiation source have almost no influence on it; under harsh environmental and meteorological conditions, such as clouds, smoke, etc., infrared and laser are not normal. Work, but millimeter waves can work around the clock. It is these unique properties that give the wide application prospects of millimeter wave technology, especially in the field of security inspection.
  • the security imaging device is based on the X-rays that can penetrate the properties of various substances such as clothing and human skin, and can also effectively detect dangerous articles carried by the human body.
  • the health problems caused by X-rays have long been controversial. According to relevant research reports, the ionizing radiation ability of X-rays can inhibit the growth, destruction and even necrosis of biological cells.
  • the millimeter wave imaging mechanism is divided into passive millimeter wave imaging and active millimeter wave imaging.
  • the advantages of the passive millimeter wave imaging system are simple structure and low implementation cost.
  • the disadvantage is that the imaging time is too long and the imaging resolution is poor.
  • Active millimeter wave imaging is divided into two mechanisms: synthetic aperture imaging and holographic imaging.
  • the method of millimeter wave holography is derived from the principle of optical holography, that is, by using the principle of coherence of electromagnetic waves, the transmitter first transmits a highly stable millimeter wave signal to the target to be measured, and the receiver receives the echo signal of the target and is highly correlated with the reference. The signal is coherently processed, and the amplitude and phase information of the echo signal are extracted to obtain the scattering characteristics at the target point. Finally, the target millimeter wave image in the scene can be obtained by the data and image processing methods.
  • the millimeter-wave image obtained by active millimeter wave holography has high resolution, and the mechanical scanning can greatly shorten the imaging time and realize engineering. Therefore, millimeter wave holography is especially suitable for millimeter wave short-range active imaging.
  • the shortcomings of the existing security imaging equipment mainly include: X-ray-based "naked detectors" are easy to miss non-metallic objects and weapons such as explosives, non-metallic tools, liquid dangerous goods, and are harmful to the human body. Passive millimeter wave imaging systems have slow imaging rates and poor resolution.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the technical problem that the current X-ray security imaging device has a high probability of missed detection, has collateral damage to the human body, and has a slow imaging rate and poor resolution of the passive millimeter wave imaging system.
  • the present invention provides a multi-person human body security inspection device based on linear frequency modulation, including a scanning device, a millimeter wave signal transceiving component, and an image processing unit;
  • the scanning device comprises a plurality of detecting seats, a plurality of guide rails and a motor disposed on each of the detecting seats, the detecting seats are for accommodating a person to be inspected; and each of the guide rails is provided with a set of the millimeter wave signals a transceiver assembly, each of the millimeter wave signal transceiver assemblies being driven by the motor to move along the guide rail; the plurality of detection seats being longitudinally arranged;
  • the millimeter wave signal transceiving component is configured to transmit a millimeter wave signal to a person to be inspected and receive a millimeter wave signal reflected from a person to be inspected;
  • the image processing unit is configured to perform holographic three-dimensional imaging on the human body of the security personnel according to the reflected millimeter wave signal to obtain a three-dimensional image of the human body.
  • the alarm unit is further configured to compare the three-dimensional image of the human body with the three-dimensional image of the safe human body pre-existing in the alarm unit, and if not, the alarm unit issues an alarm.
  • each of the millimeter wave signal transmitting and receiving components includes a plurality of millimeter wave signal transmitting units and a plurality of millimeter wave signal receiving units corresponding thereto; each of the millimeter wave signal transmitting units includes a millimeter wave signal transmitting module and an emission connected thereto An antenna, each of the millimeter wave signal receiving units includes a millimeter wave signal receiving module and a receiving antenna connected thereto; each of the transmitting antennas constitutes a transmitting antenna array, and each of the receiving antennas constitutes a receiving antenna array;
  • Each of the millimeter wave signal transceiving components surrounds the body contour of the person to be inspected on the detecting seat and moves at a uniform speed on the rail.
  • the rail contacting the human body is provided with the rail, which is referred to as a rear detecting rail group; and the back of the detecting seat facing the rear seat is provided with the a guide rail, referred to as a front side detection rail set; a set of the millimeter wave signal transceiving components respectively disposed in the rear side detection rail group and the front side detection rail group; the millimeter wave signal in the rear side detection rail group
  • the transceiver component is configured to transmit and receive a millimeter wave signal corresponding to a rear side of the inspecting person in the detecting seat; the millimeter wave signal transceiving component in the front side detecting rail group is used for transmitting and receiving a subsequent detecting seat The millimeter wave signal corresponding to the front side of the security personnel.
  • the millimeter wave signal transmitting module includes a first independent signal source, a first directional coupler, a first power amplifier, and a first double frequency multiplier;
  • a signal output by the first independent signal source is sent to an input end of the first directional coupler, and a through output end of the first directional coupler is connected to an input end of the first power amplifier, the first power An output of the amplifier is coupled to an input of the first doubler, and an output of the first doubler is coupled to the transmit antenna.
  • the millimeter wave signal receiving module includes a second independent signal source, a second directional coupler, a first mixer, a second power amplifier, a second second frequency multiplier, a second mixer, and a third power An amplifier, a third second frequency multiplier, a third mixer, and a low noise amplifier;
  • a signal output by the second independent signal source is sent to an input end of the second directional coupler, and a through output end of the second directional coupler is connected to an intermediate frequency input end of the first mixer, the first Connecting a coupling end of the coupler to a radio frequency input end of the first mixer, a local oscillator output end of the first mixer is connected to an input end of the second power amplifier, and an output end of the second power amplifier is connected An input end of the second frequency multiplier, an output end of the second frequency multiplier is connected to a local oscillator input end of the second mixer, and a radio frequency input end of the second mixer is connected to the receiving end An antenna, an intermediate frequency output end of the second mixer is connected to the radio frequency input end of the third mixer;
  • a coupling end of the second directional coupler is connected to an input end of the third power amplifier, and an output end of the third power amplifier is connected to an input end of the third double frequency multiplier, the third double frequency
  • the output of the third mixer is connected to the input terminal of the third mixer, the intermediate frequency output of the third mixer is connected to the input of the low noise amplifier, and the output of the low noise amplifier is connected to the image processing unit.
  • the first independent signal source is a frequency modulated signal source with an operating frequency of 18.5 GHz to 21.5 GHz.
  • controller further includes a single-pole multi-throw switch connected to the power output of the second independent signal source and the power supply device of the first independent signal source, and the microcontroller is configured to control the single-pole multi-throw switch On and off.
  • the second independent signal source is a point frequency voltage controlled oscillation source with an operating frequency of 50 MHz.
  • the image processing unit includes a data acquisition and processing module and an image display unit;
  • the data acquisition and processing module is configured to collect an echo signal from the low noise amplifier, and obtain a three-dimensional image of the human body to be inspected by Fourier transform and inverse transform, and the image display unit is used to display the A three-dimensional image of the human body.
  • the guide rail is provided on a surface that is in contact with the human body.
  • the present invention provides a multi-person human body security detection method based on linear frequency modulation, comprising the following steps:
  • the millimeter wave signal transmitting and receiving component on the motor drive rail moves linearly at a constant speed, and the transmitting antenna in the millimeter wave signal transmitting and receiving component emits millimeter waves to detect the human body of the person to be inspected on the seat, and performs a full range of millimeters on the human body.
  • Wave scan
  • the receiving antenna in the millimeter wave signal transceiving component receives an echo signal with target information reflected by the human body, and the echo signal passes through the millimeter wave signal receiving module in the millimeter wave signal transceiving component a data acquisition and processing module sent to the image processing unit;
  • step (4) if there is no match, an audible alarm is issued through an alarm in the alarm unit.
  • step (3) of restoring the human body image information in the echo signal are as follows:
  • the exponential portion represents the spherical wave signal of the target scattering
  • equation (C) the Fourier transform is used.
  • the present invention utilizes a driving motor to enable a one-dimensional array antenna to achieve a surface array scanning effect, which greatly reduces the cost.
  • the structure is simple and easy to integrate; the invention adopts the single-tool multi-throw switch to control the working sequence of the channel, adopts the frequency modulation signal source and the millimeter wave device to build the system, which greatly reduces the complexity of the system and also improves the system integration. degree.
  • the invention adopts active millimeter wave imaging, and the imaging time is fast, and the invention can accommodate 4 people at the same time to detect at the same time, which greatly improves the number of people detected in a unit time.
  • the present invention utilizes millimeter wave imaging, and the millimeter wave does not emit ionizing radiation harmful to the human body like X-rays, and is healthy and safe for the detected person.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a scanning device of a single detecting seat of the device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of a plurality of detection seats for multi-person security
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a superheterodyne millimeter wave signal transceiver unit
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an imaging algorithm used in the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the imaging of the present invention.
  • scanning device 11 millimeter wave signal transceiver unit 12; millimeter wave signal transmitting unit 1201; millimeter wave signal receiving unit 1202; transmitting antenna array 1203; receiving antenna array 1204; image processing unit 13; data acquisition and processing module 1301; Image display unit 1302; alarm unit 14;
  • the chirp-based multi-person human body security inspection apparatus of the present invention comprises a scanning device 11, a millimeter wave signal transceiving component 12 and an image processing unit 13.
  • the scanning device 11 comprises a plurality of detection seats, five longitudinally arranged detection seats 301, 302, 303, 304, 305 as shown in FIG.
  • the rails contacting the human body ie, the faces 202, 203, 204 in FIG. 3 are provided with guide rails (ie, the rails 205, 206, and 207 in FIG. 3), which are referred to as rear side detecting rails.
  • the side of the detecting seat, the side facing the successor seat is provided with the guide rail (ie, the guide rail 208 in FIG. 3), which is referred to as a front side detecting rail set; a set of the millimeter wave signal transceiving components 12 respectively disposed in the rear side detecting rail group and the front side detecting rail group; the millimeter wave signal transmitting and receiving unit 12 in the rear side detecting rail group is configured to transmit and receive the detecting a millimeter wave signal corresponding to a rear side of the seat to be inspected in the seat; the millimeter wave signal transceiving unit 12 in the front side detecting rail group is configured to transmit and receive millimeter waves corresponding to the front side of the person to be inspected in the subsequent detecting seat signal.
  • guide rails 205, 206, 207, 208 are provided on the side surface 201 of each detecting seat 20 and the faces 202, 203, 204 respectively contacting the back, buttocks and legs of the person to be inspected 210.
  • a set of millimeter wave signal transceiver assemblies 12 are mounted on each of the guide rails.
  • the drive motor 209 is used to drive the millimeter wave signal transceiver assembly 12 to move linearly along the guide rails, so that the millimeter wave signal transceiver assembly 12 can fully scan the human body.
  • Millimeter wave signal transceiver component 12 includes a plurality of millimeter wave signal transmitting units and a millimeter wave signal receiving unit corresponding thereto, preferably including 64 millimeter wave signal transmitting units and corresponding 64 millimeter wave signal receiving units. As shown in FIG.
  • each millimeter wave signal transmitting unit includes a millimeter wave signal transmitting module 1201 and a transmitting antenna connected thereto, and all transmitting antennas of one millimeter wave signal transmitting and receiving unit 12 constitute a transmitting antenna array 1203; each millimeter wave signal receiving The unit includes a millimeter wave signal receiving module 1202 and a receiving antenna connected thereto, and all receiving antennas of one millimeter wave signal transmitting and receiving unit 12 constitute a receiving antenna array 1204; the image processing unit 13 includes a data collecting and processing module 1301 and an image display unit 1302.
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic diagram of a transceiver unit in the millimeter wave signal transceiver assembly 12, where the transceiver unit uses a superheterodyne millimeter wave signal transceiver unit, wherein the millimeter wave signal transmission unit includes a first independent signal source 401.
  • the first independent signal source 401 can be a frequency modulated signal source with an operating frequency of 18.5 GHz to 21.5 GHz, and the output signal is sent to the input end of the first directional coupler 404, and the through output of the first directional coupler 404 is connected.
  • the output of the first power amplifier 407 is connected to the input of the first doubler 410, and the output of the first doubler 410 is connected to the transmit antenna 416.
  • the millimeter wave signal receiving unit includes a second independent signal source 402, a second directional coupler 405, a first mixer 406, a second power amplifier 408, a second second frequency multiplier 411, a second mixer 413, and a third
  • the second independent signal source 402 can be a point frequency voltage controlled oscillator source with an operating frequency of 50 MHz, and the output thereof
  • the signal is sent to the input end of the second directional coupler 405.
  • the through output of the second directional coupler 405 is connected to the intermediate frequency input end of the first mixer 406, and the coupling end of the first directional coupler 404 is connected to the first mix.
  • the local oscillator output end of the first mixer 406 is connected to the input end of the second power amplifier 408, and the output end of the second power amplifier 408 is connected to the input end of the second second frequency multiplier 411,
  • the output end of the second frequency multiplier 411 is connected to the local oscillator input end of the second mixer 413, the radio frequency input end of the second mixer 413 is connected to the receiving antenna 417, and the intermediate frequency output end of the second mixer 413 is connected to the third end.
  • second directional coupling Coupling end 405 is connected to an input terminal of the third power amplifier 409, the output terminal of the third amplifier 408 is connected to a third input 412 of the frequency doubler
  • the input end of the third frequency multiplier 412 is connected to the local oscillator input end of the third mixer 414, and the intermediate frequency output end of the third mixer 414 is connected to the input end of the low noise amplifier 415, and the low noise amplifier 415
  • the output is connected to the image processing unit 14.
  • FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that an alarm unit 14 is added, and the alarm unit 14 is connected to the data acquisition and processing module 1301, and the three-dimensionality of the human body is processed by the data acquisition and processing module 1301.
  • the alarm unit 14 issues an alarm.
  • the data acquisition and processing module 1301 in the image processing unit 13 is configured to collect an echo signal from the low noise amplifier 415, and obtain a three-dimensional image of the human body 210 to be inspected by Fourier transform and inverse transform, and the image display unit 1302 is used for Displays a three-dimensional image of the human body.
  • FIG. 6, which is a flowchart of an imaging algorithm used in the present invention, first, the data acquisition and processing module 1301 first collects echo information from the acquired signal (step 501), and associates it with the spatial position signal.
  • the Fourier transform is used to perform Fourier transform on the geometrical characteristics (step 502); then, the simplification is performed and then the inverse Fourier transform is performed (step 503); finally, the target three-dimensional image is obtained (step 504). Combine the spatial domain location information to obtain the final data, and restore the target three-dimensional image.
  • the chirp-based multi-person human body security device of the present invention further includes a microcontroller (not shown), and also a power supply device of the second independent signal source 402 and the first independent signal source 401 (in the figure)
  • a power supply output terminal (not shown) is connected to a single-pole multi-throw switch (not shown), and the microcontroller is used to control the on/off of the single-pole multi-throw switch.
  • each of the millimeter wave signal transceiving units in the millimeter wave signal transceiving components on each of the guide rails can operate independently under the control of the single-pole multi-throw switch, instead of all the millimeter wave signal transceiving units working at the same time, which greatly reduces the system power consumption.
  • millimeter wave signal transceiving component 12 of the device of the present invention as an example of 64 transceiver channels, when the device is used for personnel security inspection, a plurality of to-be-checked personnel 210 can simultaneously sit on multiple detection seats 20 and perform security inspection at the same time. Generally, the following steps are required:
  • Step 1 The motor 209 simultaneously drives the sets of millimeter wave signal transceiving components 12 on the guide rails 205, 206, 207 and 208 to move linearly at a constant speed, and performs scanning detection on the front and rear of the security personnel 210, and 64 transmissions in each millimeter wave signal transceiving component 12
  • Antenna 416 constitutes transmit antenna array 1203, transmit antenna array Column 1203 emits millimeter waves to the human body of the security personnel 210 to perform an omnidirectional millimeter wave scan of the human body;
  • Step 2 At the same time, the receiving antenna array 1204 composed of 64 receiving antennas 417 in each millimeter wave signal transmitting and receiving unit 12 receives an echo signal with target information reflected by the human body, and the echo signal is transmitted and received via the millimeter wave signal.
  • the millimeter wave signal receiving module 1202 in the component 12 is sent to the data acquisition and processing module 1301 in the image processing unit 13; preferably, the second independent signal source 402 and the first independent are controlled by a microcontroller (not shown)
  • the single-pole multi-throw switch (not shown) of the power supply device of the signal source 401 (not shown) of the signal source 401 sequentially turns on 64 transceiver channels one by one, that is, first turns on the first millimeter wave signal transmitting unit and correspondingly
  • the second transceiver channel composed of the unit, and so on, up to the 64th transceiver channel, so that the cycle works;
  • Step 3 After the data acquisition and processing module 1301 in the image processing unit 13 collects data, the human body image information in the echo signal is restored by Fourier transform and inverse transform;
  • Step 4 By comparing the above-mentioned human body image information with a pre-stored standard three-dimensional image of the safe human body to see if there is a match; if there is no matching, that is, if there is no suspicious area in the human body image information, the security check is passed; if not, the When there is a suspicious area in the human body image information, the alarm in the alarm unit emits an audible alarm; the security personnel 10 are manually detected to eliminate the safety hazard.
  • the first independent signal source 401 is a frequency modulated signal source with an operating frequency of 18.5 GHz to 21.5 GHz, which can be expressed as:
  • a 1 is expressed as the initial amplitude
  • B is the frequency band of the FM signal
  • T is the frequency modulation period.
  • the output signal is input to the input end of the first directional coupler 404; the second independent signal source 402 is a continuous wave signal source operating at 50 MHz, expressed as:
  • the second independent signal source 402 is a fixed frequency single frequency continuous wave signal source whose initial amplitude and phase are respectively A 2 and The frequency is f 2 . Its output signal is input to the input of the second directional coupler 405.
  • the first directional coupler 404 is a three-port device, and the through-port is connected to the first power amplifier 407 to make the link power reach the safe input power range of the first doubler 410, and passes through the first doubler 410.
  • the post-link input frequency is multiplied to 37 GHz to 43 GHz and finally radiated into space by a transmit antenna 416.
  • the transmitted signal at this time can be expressed as:
  • the first mixer 406 is a three-port device, three ports are RF, LO, IF, wherein the IF terminal is connected to the through end of the second directional coupler 405, the input of the 50 MHz intermediate frequency signal, and the RF RF termination is first set.
  • an FM signal of 18.5 GHz to 21.5 GHz is input, and the LO signal of the local oscillator LO is input to the second power amplifier 408, and the signal power is amplified to a second second frequency.
  • the signal output by the second second frequency multiplier 411 is a signal that is mixed by the two signal sources and then doubled, and is expressed as:
  • the second mixer 413 is a three-port device, and the three ports are RF, LO, and IF, wherein the local oscillator LO is connected to the output signal S(t) of the second second frequency multiplier 411, and the RF RF end input receiving antenna is used.
  • the echo signal reflected by the target received by 417, the echo signal at this time can be expressed as:
  • ⁇ is the attenuation coefficient of the echo signal
  • c is the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave in space.
  • the intermediate frequency IF terminal of the second mixer 413 outputs a superheterodyne signal of the local oscillator LO and the radio frequency RF, and the signal has a certain spatial target information, which can be expressed as:
  • the incoherence of the two signal sources can be seen by equation (6), and a third mixer 414 is introduced in order to obtain a coherent signal.
  • the third mixer 414 outputs a superheterodyne signal with target coherent information, the RF RF terminal inputs the first downconverted signal S IF (t), and the local oscillator LO terminal input passes the second independent signal source 402 through the second orientation.
  • the 100 MHz continuous wave signal of the coupler 405 coupling end, the third power amplifier 409, and the third second frequency multiplier 412 namely:
  • the intermediate frequency IF terminal of the third mixer 414 outputs a second down-converted signal S' IF (t) with target information, namely:
  • the low noise amplifier 415 can amplify the IF signal that has been subjected to two down conversions to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and detection sensitivity of the output signal, and the output signal is sent to the data acquisition and processing module 1301.
  • the receiving antenna 601 of position (X, Y, Z 0 ) starts to receive the scattered broadband echo.
  • the signal, the receiving antenna 601 sends the received signal to the millimeter wave circuit and the highly coherent local oscillator signal for down-conversion, and then passes through the low noise amplifier 415.
  • the resulting signal is E(X, Y, ⁇ ), where ⁇ is the instantaneous angular frequency of the source, and E(X, Y, ⁇ ) is a function of ⁇ . Its expression is:
  • the exponential part represents the spherical wave signal of the target scattering, which plays an important role in the three-dimensional scattering imaging of the target.
  • E(X, Y, ⁇ ) is a time domain signal, which is an expression after Fourier transform of the time-dimensional signal E(X, Y, t), namely:
  • equation (10) the vector operation of equation (9) is simplified into a scalar operation. From a physical sense, it can be seen that a spherical wave is expanded to represent a superposition of plane waves, and:
  • equation (12) A three-dimensional Fourier transform is used in equation (12), namely:

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Abstract

一种基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备及方法，包括扫描装置（11）、毫米波信号收发组件（12）和图像处理单元（13）；所述扫描装置（11）包括若干检测座椅（301、302、303、304、305）、设于各所述检测座椅上的若干导轨（205、206、207、208）和电机（209）；各所述导轨上设有一组所述毫米波信号收发组件（12），各所述毫米波信号收发组件（12）由所述电机驱动而沿所述导轨运动；所述若干检测座椅纵向排列；所述毫米波信号收发组件（12）用于向待安检人员发射毫米波信号，并接收从待安检人员反射的毫米波信号；所述图像处理单元（1302）用于根据所述反射的毫米波信号对待安检人员的人体进行全息三维成像，得到人体的三维图像。该设备及方法结构简单，易于集成，分辨率高，单位时间内检测人数多，对人体无辐射危害。

Description

基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种人体安检系统，尤其涉及一种基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备及方法。
背景技术
毫米波是波长从1mm到10mm的电磁波，其频率为30GHz到300GHz，在实际工程应用中，常把毫米波的低端频率降到26GHz。在电磁波谱中，毫米波位于微波与远红外波相交叠的波长范围，因而兼有两种波谱的特点。与微波相比，窄波束和高增益天线易实现的特性使毫米波系统能获得较高的空间分辨率和较高的抗干扰能力，同时，毫米波系统能抑制在微波系统中因探测仰角过低而引发的多路径效应；另一方面，毫米波穿透等离子体的能力强、多普勒频移大、测速灵敏度高，并且毫米波器件的体积小、质量轻，因此毫米波系统更易集成。与红外、激光相比，毫米波在大气中传输的衰减很小，自然光和热辐射源对它几乎没有影响；在恶劣的环境和气象条件下，如云雾、烟尘等，红外、激光都无法正常工作，但毫米波能全天候地工作。正是这些独特的性质赋予了毫米波技术广泛的应用前景，尤其是在安检领域。
随着国家安全与反恐形势的恶化，对公共场合人员安全的检查就变得更加重要。长期以来，公共场合人体安检广泛使用金属安检门来检测人体携带的金属物品，但它无法应对爆炸物、非金属刀具、液体危险品等非金属类物品和武器的威胁；“裸检仪”人体安检成像设备基于X射线能穿透衣物、人体皮肤等多种物质的性质，也能有效地检测人体携带的危险物品，但X射线带来的健康问题长期受到争议。据有关研究报道，X射线的电离辐射能力可以使生物细胞的生长受到抑制、破坏甚至坏死。已有研究表明，在每年数以亿计接受扫描的乘客中，出现了少量由此引发的癌症个案。基于上述原因，很多国家要求尽量不 在公共场合使用“裸检仪”。因此，具备快速、安全、可靠、隐私保护等优势的毫米波人体扫描成像安检设备得到了广泛的使用，在人员安检方面发挥着不可替代的重要作用。
毫米波成像机制分为被动式毫米波成像和主动式毫米波成像。被动式毫米波成像系统的优点为结构简单、实现成本低，缺点就是成像时间太长、成像分辨率差。随着毫米波器件技术的发展及毫米波器件水平的提高，主动式毫米波成像开始受到越来越多的重视。主动式毫米波成像又分合成孔径成像和全息成像两种机制。毫米波全息成像的方法源于光学全息原理，即利用电磁波的相干原理，首先发射机将高稳定的毫米波信号发射到待测目标上，接收机接收目标的回波信号并与高度相干的参考信号进行相干处理，提取出回波信号的幅度和相位信息，从而得到目标点上的散射特性，最后再通过数据和图像处理的方法就可以得到场景中的目标毫米波图像。主动式毫米波全息成像得到的毫米波图像分辨率高，再与机械扫描相配合可大大缩短成像时间，实现工程化，所以毫米波全息成像特别适合毫米波近程主动成像。
综上所述，现有安检成像设备的缺点主要有：基于X射线的“裸检仪”容易漏检爆炸物、非金属刀具、液体危险品等非金属类物品和武器，且对人体伤害大；被动毫米波成像系统成像速率慢，分辨率差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为解决目前X射线安检成像设备漏检概率高，对人体有附带损伤，被动毫米波成像系统成像速率慢，分辨率差的技术问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，一方面，本发明提供一种基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备，包括扫描装置、毫米波信号收发组件和图像处理单元；
所述扫描装置包括若干检测座椅、设于各所述检测座椅上的若干导轨和电机，所述检测座椅用于容纳待安检人员；各所述导轨上设有一组所述毫米波信号收发组件，各所述毫米波信号收发组件由所述电机驱动而沿所述导轨运动；所述若干检测座椅纵向排列；
所述毫米波信号收发组件用于向待安检人员发射毫米波信号，并接收从待安检人员反射的毫米波信号；
所述图像处理单元用于根据所述反射的毫米波信号对待安检人员的人体进行全息三维成像，得到人体的三维图像。
进一步地，还包括报警单元，所述报警单元用于将所述人体的三维图像与预存在报警单元内的安全人体三维图像进行比对，若不匹配，则报警单元发出警报。
进一步地，各所述毫米波信号收发组件包括若干毫米波信号发射单元和与其一一对应的若干毫米波信号接收单元；各所述毫米波信号发射单元包括毫米波信号发射模块及与其连接的发射天线，各所述毫米波信号接收单元包括毫米波信号接收模块及与其连接的接收天线；各所述发射天线组成发射天线阵列，各所述接收天线组成接收天线阵列；
各所述毫米波信号收发组件围绕所述检测座椅上的待安检人员的身体轮廓，在所述导轨上匀速运动。
进一步地，在所述检测座椅中，与人体接触的面上均设有所述导轨，称为后侧检测导轨组；所述检测座椅的靠背面向后继座椅的一侧设有所述导轨，称为前侧检测导轨组；所述后侧检测导轨组和前侧检测导轨组中分别设有一组所述毫米波信号收发组件；所述后侧检测导轨组中的所述毫米波信号收发组件用于发射和接收本检测座椅中待安检人员后侧对应的毫米波信号；所述前侧检测导轨组中的所述毫米波信号收发组件用于发射和接收后继检测座椅中待安检人员前侧对应的毫米波信号。
进一步地，所述毫米波信号发射模块包括第一独立信号源、第一定向耦合器、第一功率放大器和第一二倍频器；
所述第一独立信号源输出的信号送至所述第一定向耦合器的输入端，第一定向耦合器的直通输出端连接所述第一功率放大器的输入端，所述第一功率放大器的输出端连接所述第一二倍频器的输入端，所述第一二倍频器的输出端连接所述发射天线。
进一步地，所述毫米波信号接收模块包括第二独立信号源、第二定向耦合器、第一混频器、第二功率放大器、第二二倍频器、第二混频器、第三功率放大器、第三二倍频器、第三混频器及低噪声放大器；
所述第二独立信号源输出的信号送至所述第二定向耦合器的输入端，第二定向耦合器的直通输出端连接所述第一混频器的中频输入端，所述第一定向耦合器的耦合端连接所述第一混频器的射频输入端，第一混频器的本振输出端连接所述第二功率放大器的输入端，所述第二功率放大器的输出端连接所述第二二倍频器的输入端，所述第二二倍频器的输出端连接所述第二混频器的本振输入端，第二混频器的射频输入端连接所述接收天线，第二混频器的中频输出端连接所述第三混频器的射频输入端；
所述第二定向耦合器的耦合端连接所述第三功率放大器的输入端，所述第三功率放大器的输出端连接所述第三二倍频器的输入端，所述第三二倍频器的输出端连接所述第三混频器的本振输入端，第三混频器的中频输出端连接所述低噪声放大器的输入端，低噪声放大器的输出端连接所述图像处理单元。
进一步地，所述第一独立信号源是工作频率在18.5GHz-21.5GHz的调频信号源。
进一步地，还包括微控制器，所述第二独立信号源和第一独立信号源的供电装置的电源输出端连接有单刀多掷开关，所述微控制器用于控制所述单刀多掷开关的通断。
进一步地，所述第二独立信号源是工作频率在50MHz的点频压控振荡源。
进一步地，所述图像处理单元包括数据采集及处理模块和图像显示单元；
所述数据采集及处理模块用于采集来自所述低噪声放大器的回波信号，并通过傅里叶变换及逆变换得到所述待安检人员人体的三维图像，所述图像显示单元用于显示所述人体的三维图像。
进一步地，各所述检测座椅中，与人体接触的面上均设有所述导轨。
另一方面，本发明提供一种基于线性调频的多人人体安检方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)电机驱动导轨上的毫米波信号收发组件匀速直线运动，所述毫米波信号收发组件中的发射天线发射毫米波到检测座椅上待安检人员的人体上，对人体进行全方位的毫米波扫描；
(2)同时，所述毫米波信号收发组件中的接收天线接收由人体反射的带有目标信息的回波信号，所述回波信号经所述毫米波信号收发组件中的毫米波信号接收模块送至图像处理单元中的数据采集及处理模块；
(3)所述图像处理单元中的数据采集及处理模块采集数据后，通过傅里叶变换及逆变换还原出所述回波信号中的人体图像信息；
(4)通过将上述人体图像信息与预存的标准的安全人体的三维图像进行比对，看是否匹配；若匹配，则通过安检。
进一步地，所述步骤(4)中，若不匹配，则通过报警单元中的报警器发出音响警报。
进一步地，步骤(3)所述还原所述回波信号中的人体图像信息的具体步骤如下：
若接收的回波信号为：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000001
其中，
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000002
是接收天线与目标点之间的距离，
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000003
为电磁波束，指数部分表示目标散射的球面波信号，
式(A)中，
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000004
将式(B)代入式(A)，
则
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000005
式(C)中，采用傅里叶变换
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000006
将式(D)代入式(C)，
则
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000007
对式(E)进行傅里叶逆变换，得到人体的图像如下
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000009
本发明相对现有毫米波成像安检仪具有以下突出的优点：
(1)价格低廉：本发明利用驱动电机使一维阵列天线达成面阵列的扫描效果，极大地降低了成本。
(2)结构简单，易于集成；本发明采用单刀多掷开关控制通道工作的顺序，采用调频信号源及毫米波器件进行系统的搭建，大大降低了系统的复杂度，同时也提高了系统的集成度。
(3)分辨率高：本发明中采用调频连续波技术、超外差技术及全息成像技术，提高了三维图像平面和深度的分辨率。
(4)单位时间内检测人数多：本发明采用主动式毫米波成像，成像时间快，而且本发明可一次性容纳4人同时检测，大大提高了单位时间内检测人数。
(5)对人体无辐射危害：本发明利用毫米波成像，毫米波不像X射线会发出对人体有害的电离辐射，对被检测人员来说是健康、安全的。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述设备一个实施例的原理框图；
图2为本发明所述设备另一个实施例的原理框图；
图3为本发明所述设备的单个检测座椅的扫描装置示意图；
图4为多个检测座椅进行多人安检的布局示意图；
图5为超外差式毫米波信号收发单元原理图；
图6为本发明采用的成像算法流程图；
图7为本发明的成像原理图。
图中：扫描装置11；毫米波信号收发组件12；毫米波信号发射单元1201；毫米波信号接收单元1202；发射天线阵列1203；接收天线阵列1204；图像处理单元13；数据采集及处理模块1301；图像显示单元1302；报警单元14；
检测座椅20；导轨所在面201、202、203、204；导轨205、206、207、208；电机209；待安检人员210；
检测座椅301、302、303、304、305；
第一独立信号源401；第一独立信号源402；第一定向耦合器404；第二定向耦合器405；第一混频器406；第一功率放大器407；第二功率放大器408；第三功率放大器409；第一二倍频器410；第二二倍频器411；第三二倍频器412；第二混频器413；第三混频器414；低噪声放大器415；发射天线416；接收天线417、601；待安检人员602。
具体实施方式
现在结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的说明。这些附图均为简化的示意图，仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本结构，因此其仅显示与本发明有关的构成。
如图1所示的实施例，本发明的基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备，包括扫描装置11、毫米波信号收发组件12和图像处理单元13。其中扫描装置11包括多个检测座椅，如图4所示的五个纵向排列的检测座椅301、302、303、304、305。在上述检测座椅中，与人体接触的面(即图3中的面202、203、204)上均设有导轨(即图3中的导轨205、206、207)，称为后侧检测导轨组；所述检测座椅的靠背、面向后继座椅的一侧(即图3中的面201)设有所述导轨(即图3中的导轨208)，称为前侧检测导轨组；所述后侧检测导轨组和前侧检测导轨组中分别设有一组所述毫米波信号收发组件12；所述后侧检测导轨组中的所述毫米波信号收发组件12用于发射和接收本检测座椅中待安检人员后侧对应的毫米波信号；所述前侧检测导轨组中的所述毫米波信号收发组件12用于发射和接收后继检测座椅中待安检人员前侧对应的毫米波信号。如图3所示，在每个检测座椅20的侧面201及分别与待安检人员210的背部、臀部、腿部接触的面202、203、204上设有导轨205、206、207、208，每根导轨上安装一组毫米波信号收发组件12，驱动电机209用于驱动毫米波信号收发组件12沿导轨匀速直线运动，使毫米波信号收发组件12能全面扫描人体。毫米波信号收发组件 12包括若干毫米波信号发射单元和与其一一对应的毫米波信号接收单元，优选地，包括64个毫米波信号发射单元及对应的64个毫米波信号接收单元。如图1所示，每个毫米波信号发射单元包括毫米波信号发射模块1201和与其连接的发射天线，一个毫米波信号收发组件12的所有发射天线构成发射天线阵列1203；每个毫米波信号接收单元包括毫米波信号接收模块1202和与其连接的接收天线，一个毫米波信号收发组件12的所有接收天线构成接收天线阵列1204；图像处理单元13包括数据采集及处理模块1301和图像显示单元1302。
如图5所示，为毫米波信号收发组件12中的一个收发单元的原理图，此处收发单元采用超外差式毫米波信号收发单元，其中毫米波信号发射单元包括第一独立信号源401、第一定向耦合器404、第一功率放大器407、第一二倍频器410和发射天线416。第一独立信号源401可为工作频率在18.5GHz-21.5GHz的调频信号源，其输出的信号送至第一定向耦合器404的输入端，第一定向耦合器404的直通输出端连接第一功率放大器407的输入端，第一功率放大器407的输出端连接第一二倍频器410的输入端，第一二倍频器410的输出端连接发射天线416。
毫米波信号接收单元包括第二独立信号源402、第二定向耦合器405、第一混频器406、第二功率放大器408、第二二倍频器411、第二混频器413、第三功率放大器409、第三二倍频器412、第三混频器414、低噪声放大器415及接收天线417；第二独立信号源402可为工作频率在50MHz的点频压控振荡源，其输出的信号送至第二定向耦合器405的输入端，第二定向耦合器405的直通输出端连接第一混频器406的中频输入端，第一定向耦合器404的耦合端连接第一混频器406的射频输入端，第一混频器406的本振输出端连接第二功率放大器408的输入端，第二功率放大器408的输出端连接第二二倍频器411的输入端，第二二倍频器411的输出端连接第二混频器413的本振输入端，第二混频器413的射频输入端连接接收天线417，第二混频器413的中频输出端连接第三混频器414的射频输入端；第二定向耦合器405的耦合端连接第三功率放大器409的输入端，第三功率放大器408的输出端连接第三二倍频器412的输 入端，第三二倍频器412的输出端连接第三混频器414的本振输入端，第三混频器414的中频输出端连接低噪声放大器415的输入端，低噪声放大器415的输出端连接图像处理单元14。
如图2所示的实施例，与图1实施例的区别在于，增加了报警单元14，报警单元14与数据采集及处理模块1301连接，当经数据采集及处理模块1301处理得到的人体的三维图像与预存的安全人体三维图像比对后不匹配时，则报警单元14发出警报。
图像处理单元13中的数据采集及处理模块1301用于采集来自低噪声放大器415的回波信号，并通过傅里叶变换及逆变换得到待安检人员人体210的三维图像，图像显示单元1302用于显示人体的三维图像。如图6所示，为本发明采用的成像算法流程图，首先，数据采集及处理模块1301对采集得到的信号首先进行回波信息的采集(步骤501)，将其与空间位置信号联系在一起；然后，利用傅里叶变换对其进行几何特性的傅里叶变换(步骤502)；接着，化简变形后进行傅里叶逆变换(步骤503)；最终，得到目标三维像(步骤504)，结合空间域位置信息进行最终数据的获取，还原出目标三维图像。
优选地，本发明的基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备，还包括微控制器(图中未示出)，还在第二独立信号源402和第一独立信号源401的供电装置(图中未示出)的电源输出端连接有单刀多掷开关(图中未示出)，微控制器用于控制单刀多掷开关的通断。这样，各导轨上的毫米波信号收发组件中的每个毫米波信号收发单元均可在单刀多掷开关的控制下独立工作，而不是所有毫米波信号收发单元同时工作，大大降低系统功耗。
以本发明所述设备的各毫米波信号收发组件12具有64个收发通道为例，采用该设备进行人员安检时，多个待安检人员210可同时坐在多个检测座椅20上同时进行安检，一般要经过如下步骤：
步骤1：电机209同时驱动导轨205、206、207和208上的各组毫米波信号收发组件12匀速直线运动，对待安检人员210前后进行扫描检测，各毫米波信号收发组件12中的64个发射天线416构成发射天线阵列1203，发射天线阵 列1203发射毫米波到待安检人员210的人体上，对人体进行全方位的毫米波扫描；
步骤2：同时，由各毫米波信号收发组件12中的64个接收天线417构成的接收天线阵列1204接收由人体反射的带有目标信息的回波信号，回波信号经所述毫米波信号收发组件12中的毫米波信号接收模块1202送至图像处理单元13中的数据采集及处理模块1301；优选地，通过微控制器(图中未示出)控制第二独立信号源402和第一独立信号源401的供电装置(图中未示出)电源输出端的单刀多掷开关(图中未示出)顺次逐个接通64个收发通道，即先接通第一毫米波信号发射单元和对应的第一毫米波信号接收单元组成的第一收发通道，待第一收发通道收发任务完成后，关闭第一收发通道，然后接通第二毫米波信号发射单元和对应的第二毫米波信号接收单元组成的第二收发通道，以此类推，直至第64个收发通道，如此循环工作；
步骤3：图像处理单元13中的数据采集及处理模块1301采集数据后，通过傅立叶变换及逆变换还原出所述回波信号中的人体图像信息；
步骤4：通过将上述人体图像信息与预存的标准的安全人体的三维图像进行比对，看是否匹配；若匹配，即人体图像信息中不存在可疑区域时，则通过安检；若不匹配，即人体图像信息中存在可疑区域时，报警单元中的报警器发出音响警报；对待安检人员10进行人工检测，排除安全隐患。
然后对下一批人进行安检，如此循环往复。
例如，第一独立信号源401为工作频率在18.5GHz-21.5GHz的调频信号源，可表示为：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000010
其中A1表示为初始幅值，
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000011
为信号源(401)的初始相位值，B为调频信号带宽，T为调频周期。其输出信号输入第一定向耦合器404输入端；第二独立信号源402是工作频率在50MHz的连续波信号源，表示为：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000012
第二独立信号源402是一个固定频率的单频率连续波信号源，其初始幅值和相位分别为A2和
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000013
频率为f2。其输出信号输入第二定向耦合器405输入端。第一定向耦合器404是一个三端口器件，其直通端连接第一功率放大器407，使本链路功率达到第一二倍频器410的安全输入功率范围，经过第一二倍频器410后本链路输入频率倍频至37GHz-43GHz，最终由一个发射天线416辐射到空间中。此时的发射信号可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000014
第一混频器406是一个三端口器件，三个端口分别为RF、LO、IF,其中IF端接第二定向耦合器405的直通端，输入50MHz的中频信号，射频RF端接第一定向耦合器404的耦合端，输入18.5GHz-21.5GHz的调频信号，本振LO端则输出RF和IF的差频信号输入给第二功率放大器408，使其信号功率放大到第二二倍频器411的安全工作范围内。此时，第二二倍频器411输出的信号为两信号源混频后再二倍频的信号，表示为：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000015
第二混频器413是一个三端口器件，三个端口分别为RF、LO、IF,其中本振LO端接第二二倍频器411的输出信号S(t)，射频RF端输入接收天线417接收的目标反射的回波信号，此时的回波信号可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000016
其中α为回波信号衰减系数，τ＝2R/c为探测物体产生的回波延时，c为电磁波在空间的传播速度。
第二混频器413中频IF端则输出本振LO与射频RF的超外差信号，此信号带有一定的空间目标信息，可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000017
由(6)式可以看出两个信号源的非相干性，为了得到相干信号，引入第三 混频器414。第三混频器414输出带有目标相干信息的超外差信号，其射频RF端输入首次下变频的信号SIF(t)，本振LO端输入由第二独立信号源402经过第二定向耦合器405耦合端、第三功率放大器409以及第三二倍频器412的100MHz连续波信号，即：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000018
第三混频器414中频IF端则输出带有目标信息的第二次下变频信号S’IF(t),即：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000019
从公式(8)可以看出采用该方法消除了非相干双信号源引入的相位不同步。低噪声放大器415能够使经过两次下变频微弱的中频信号进行放大，提高输出信号的信噪比、探测灵敏度，其输出信号送入数据采集及处理模块1301。
如图7所示，毫米波经过待安检人员602的(x,y,z)位置点处的散射后，位置为(X,Y,Z0)的接收天线601开始接收散射后的宽带回波信号，接收天线601把接收到的信号送入毫米波电路和高度相干的本振信号进行下变频，再通过低噪声放大器415。假设得到的信号为E(X,Y,ω),其中ω是发射源的瞬时角频率，E(X,Y,ω)是关于ω的函数，它的表达式为：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000020
其中，
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000021
是天线与目标点之间的距离，
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000022
为电磁波束，指数部分表示目标散射的球面波信号，对目标三维散射成像起重要作用。且：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000023
E(X,Y,ω)为时域信号，它是对时间维信号E(X,Y,t)进行傅里叶变换后的表达式，即：
E(X,Y,ω)＝FT[E(X,Y,t)]   (11)
将式(10)代入式(9)，把式(9)的矢量运算简化成标量运算，从物理意义上理解，可以看成把一个球面波展开，表示成平面波的叠加，得到：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000024
式(12)中使用了三维傅里叶变换，即：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000025
也是一个逆傅里叶变换，即：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000026
式(13)中忽略了常数项，把式(13)代入式(12)可得到：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000027
对式(15)进行逆变换，可以得到最终的毫米波全息成像公式为：
Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-000028
从式(16)中可以看出，只要得到各个频率点的回波信号的电磁信息，就可以通过一系列反演得到f(x,y,z)，最后得到成像目标的三维毫米波全息图像。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示，通过上述的说明内容，相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内，进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容，必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备，其特征在于，包括扫描装置、毫米波信号收发组件和图像处理单元；
    所述扫描装置包括若干检测座椅、设于各所述检测座椅上的若干导轨和电机，所述检测座椅用于容纳待安检人员；各所述导轨上设有一组所述毫米波信号收发组件，各所述毫米波信号收发组件由所述电机驱动而沿所述导轨运动；所述若干检测座椅纵向排列；
    所述毫米波信号收发组件用于向待安检人员发射毫米波信号，并接收从待安检人员反射的毫米波信号；
    所述图像处理单元用于根据所述反射的毫米波信号对待安检人员的人体进行全息三维成像，得到人体的三维图像。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备，其特征在于，还包括报警单元，所述报警单元用于将所述人体的三维图像与预存在报警单元内的安全人体三维图像进行比对，若不匹配，则报警单元发出警报。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备，其特征在于，各所述毫米波信号收发组件包括若干毫米波信号发射单元和与其一一对应的若干毫米波信号接收单元；各所述毫米波信号发射单元包括毫米波信号发射模块及与其连接的发射天线，各所述毫米波信号接收单元包括毫米波信号接收模块及与其连接的接收天线；各所述发射天线组成发射天线阵列，各所述接收天线组成接收天线阵列；
    各所述毫米波信号收发组件围绕所述检测座椅上的待安检人员的身体轮廓，在所述导轨上匀速运动。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备，其特征在于，在所述检测座椅中，与人体接触的面上均设有所述导轨，称为后侧检测导轨组；所述检测座椅的靠背面向后继座椅的一侧设有所述导轨，称为前侧检测导轨组；所述后侧检测导轨组和前侧检测导轨组中分别设有一组所述毫米波信号收发组 件；所述后侧检测导轨组中的所述毫米波信号收发组件用于发射和接收本检测座椅中待安检人员后侧对应的毫米波信号；所述前侧检测导轨组中的所述毫米波信号收发组件用于发射和接收后继检测座椅中待安检人员前侧对应的毫米波信号。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备，其特征在于，所述毫米波信号发射模块包括第一独立信号源、第一定向耦合器、第一功率放大器和第一二倍频器；
    所述第一独立信号源输出的信号送至所述第一定向耦合器的输入端，第一定向耦合器的直通输出端连接所述第一功率放大器的输入端，所述第一功率放大器的输出端连接所述第一二倍频器的输入端，所述第一二倍频器的输出端连接所述发射天线。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备，其特征在于，所述毫米波信号接收模块包括第二独立信号源、第二定向耦合器、第一混频器、第二功率放大器、第二二倍频器、第二混频器、第三功率放大器、第三二倍频器、第三混频器及低噪声放大器；
    所述第二独立信号源输出的信号送至所述第二定向耦合器的输入端，第二定向耦合器的直通输出端连接所述第一混频器的中频输入端，所述第一定向耦合器的耦合端连接所述第一混频器的射频输入端，第一混频器的本振输出端连接所述第二功率放大器的输入端，所述第二功率放大器的输出端连接所述第二二倍频器的输入端，所述第二二倍频器的输出端连接所述第二混频器的本振输入端，第二混频器的射频输入端连接所述接收天线，第二混频器的中频输出端连接所述第三混频器的射频输入端；
    所述第二定向耦合器的耦合端连接所述第三功率放大器的输入端，所述第三功率放大器的输出端连接所述第三二倍频器的输入端，所述第三二倍频器的输出端连接所述第三混频器的本振输入端，第三混频器的中频输出端连接所述低噪声放大器的输入端，低噪声放大器的输出端连接所述图像处理单元。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的基于毫米波全息三维成像的人体安检系统，其特 征在于，所述第一独立信号源是工作频率在18.5GHz-21.5GHz的调频信号源。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的基于毫米波全息三维成像的人体安检系统，其特征在于，还包括微控制器，所述第二独立信号源和第一独立信号源的供电装置的电源输出端连接有单刀多掷开关，所述微控制器用于控制所述单刀多掷开关的通断。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的基于毫米波全息三维成像的人体安检系统，其特征在于，所述第二独立信号源是工作频率在50MHz的点频压控振荡源。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备，其特征在于，所述图像处理单元包括数据采集及处理模块和图像显示单元；
    所述数据采集及处理模块用于采集来自所述低噪声放大器的回波信号，并通过傅里叶变换及逆变换得到所述待安检人员人体的三维图像，所述图像显示单元用于显示所述人体的三维图像。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的基于线性调频的多人人体安检设备，其特征在于，各所述检测座椅中，与人体接触的面上均设有所述导轨。
  12. 基于线性调频的多人人体安检方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    (1)电机驱动导轨上的毫米波信号收发组件匀速直线运动，所述毫米波信号收发组件中的发射天线发射毫米波到检测座椅上待安检人员的人体上，对人体进行毫米波扫描；
    (2)同时，所述毫米波信号收发组件中的接收天线接收由人体反射的带有目标信息的回波信号，所述回波信号经所述毫米波信号收发组件中的毫米波信号接收模块送至图像处理单元中的数据采集及处理模块；
    (3)所述图像处理单元中的数据采集及处理模块采集数据后，通过傅里叶变换及逆变换还原出所述回波信号中的人体图像信息；
    (4)通过将上述人体图像信息与预存的标准的安全人体的三维图像进行比对，看是否匹配；若匹配，则通过安检。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的基于线性调频的多人人体安检方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)中，若不匹配，则通过报警单元中的报警器发出音响警报。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的基于线性调频的多人人体安检方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)所述还原所述回波信号中的人体图像信息的具体步骤如下：
    若接收的回波信号为：
    Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-100001
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-100002
    是接收天线与目标点之间的距离，
    Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-100003
    为电磁波束，指数部分表示目标散射的球面波信号，
    式(A)中，
    Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-100004
    将式(B)代入式(A)，
    则
    Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-100005
    式(C)中，采用傅里叶变换
    Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-100006
    将式(D)代入式(C)，
    则
    Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-100007
    对式(E)进行傅里叶逆变换，得到人体的图像如下
    Figure PCTCN2016072413-appb-100008
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