WO2017101908A2

WO2017101908A2 - Device for detecting the rotational speed of a wheel set shaft for rail vehicles

Info

Publication number: WO2017101908A2
Application number: PCT/DE2016/100582
Authority: WO
Inventors: Youssef Moujeb
Original assignee: Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Priority date: 2015-12-15
Filing date: 2016-12-14
Publication date: 2017-06-22
Also published as: CN108369239A; EP3391059A2; WO2017101908A3; DE102016124291A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for detecting the rotational speed of a wheel set shaft (2) for rail vehicles, comprising a sensor device (3), fixed parts (4), rotating parts (5) and a rolling bearing (6), wherein the rolling bearing (6) comprises a bearing inner ring (7), which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a rotating part (5, 2, 12, 21), a bearing outer ring (8), which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a fixed part (4, 16, 17), and a plurality of interposed rolling bodies (9). According to the invention, the sensor device (3) has a pole wheel (13) and a pulse generator (14), wherein the pulse generator (14) is arranged on a fixed part (4, 16, 17) and the pole wheel (13) is arranged contactlessly opposite the pulse generator (14) and is directly connected to a rotating part (5, 2, 12, 21) in a rotationally fixed manner.

Description

Device for detecting the rotational speed of a wheel set shaft for rail vehicles

The invention relates to a device for detecting the rotational speed of a wheelset for rail vehicles according to the preamble of claim 1.

DE 41 37 546 C2 discloses a method and a device for determining the actual travel speed in rail vehicles, wherein a donor system is arranged on a vehicle axle, and wherein the donor system is connected to a microprocessor which calculates a simulated vehicle speed. The encoder system, consisting of a pole wheel and a pulse generator, is arranged on the front side on a wheel of a wheel axle.

Further documents in which a sensor, which consists of a pole wheel and a pulse generator, disclosed, for example, DE 10 2005 001 404 A1 and

DE 42 42 392 A1. In addition, EP 1 529 709 B2 describes the construction of a wheel set for rail vehicles.

DE 41 38 867 A1 describes a rail vehicle axle arrangement with an integrated detector for detecting the rotational speed, which is arranged in the region of a labyrinth seal.

EP 2 186 705 A1 discloses an instrumented roller bearing for rail vehicles and a corresponding assembly method.

DE 697 32 183 T3 describes a bearing with a sensor module. US 2003/0231014 A1 discloses a measuring arrangement for the running parameters of a railroad warehouse.

Object of the present invention is to develop a cost-effective device for detecting the speed of a wheelset for rail vehicles, which also reduces the space requirement and saves weight compared to the prior art. To achieve the object of the invention, the device specified in claim 1 is proposed. Optional advantageous embodiments of the invention arise wholly or partly from the dependent claims.

The device according to the invention for detecting the rotational speed of a wheelset for rail vehicles comprises a sensor device, fixed parts, rotating parts for rotation about a rotation axis of the axle, and a roller bearing, wherein the roller bearing has a bearing inner ring, a bearing outer ring and a plurality of arranged therebetween rolling elements. The bearing inner ring is rotatably connected to a rotating part and the bearing outer ring with a fixed part. Furthermore, the sensor device has a pole wheel and a pulse generator, wherein the pulse generator is arranged on a fixed part. The flywheel is non-contact directly opposite the pulser with a rotating part fixedly connected. Immediately is understood to be any connection of the pole wheel with a rotary part, in which no aids in the form of machine elements are used. Furthermore, a support ring is present, which supports the bearing inner ring of the rolling bearing. The device according to the invention is characterized in that the support ring together with a fixed part in the form of a housing part forms a labyrinth seal, wherein the support ring has a plurality of webs, wherein the housing part has further webs, wherein the webs and the other webs below Formation of a meandering labyrinth gap are formed interlocking, and wherein either the pole is disposed on the support ring or one of the webs is designed as a flywheel The inventive device has the advantage that separate sealing components omitted and also the pole can be omitted as an additional component. This saves manufacturing and assembly costs as well as weight and space.

A meander-shaped labyrinth gap in the sense of the invention is a meandering gap, in the course of which a 180 ° turn is made at least twice, but in particular at least three times. Intermediate layers, which arise, for example, in cohesive connections, are not considered as machine elements. Thus, in particular cohesive or non-positive connections are conceivable.

For example, the pole wheel can be pressed or glued on the rotary part. Both variants are possible and represent a direct and immediate connection between the rotor and rotating part.

The pulse generator is preferably attached to the housing part. But other fixed parts are also suitable for mounting the pulse generator.

The pole wheel can be designed differently. For example, the pole wheel is designed as a perforated disc with holes, wherein the holes may have any shape, in particular a circular or an angular shape. The holes are arranged at the same distance one behind the other in the circumferential direction. In this case, the orifice plate may for example consist of ferromagnetic material, so that the space between perforated disc and pulse generator changed by the holes of the perforated disc with respect to the magnetic properties.

Instead of the holes, other dimensional standards may also be formed on the pole wheel, such as recesses or recesses of any shapes with open or closed contours. The change in the magnetic properties depends on the speed of the wheelset shaft and forms a pulse shape. These pulse-shaped changes are detected by the pulse generator and forwarded by means of a data line to an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit processes the pulse-shaped changes and outputs the speed of the wheelset shaft. It is thus an inductive scanning of the pulse generator.

Furthermore, the pole wheel can also have magnetized elements. That is, on the pole wheel, a plurality of magnetized elements are arranged, which also change the magnetic properties of the space between magnetized elements of the flywheel and pulse generator. This in turn means that the flywheel itself is not made of ferromagnetic material, but rather magnetized ele elements are applied to this. The magnetized elements may, for example, be permanent magnets.

As a further embodiment, a pole wheel with optical recognition elements is conceivable. That is, the pole wheel has a plurality of optical detection elements whose rotation is detected by the pulse generator and processed in the evaluation unit connected behind it and thus the speed is output. These optical recognition elements may for example have a color coding or have a reflective surface. The pulse generator can be designed as a transmitter and receiver. It is also conceivable that the receiver is formed on the pole wheel.

Further, there are various embodiments of the pole wheel. The flywheel is arranged in a first variant on or on a rotary part, here the support ring. In a second variant, the support ring is designed as a pole wheel. This means that the flywheel is integrated directly into the support ring and is not an additional part. This can be produced for example by means of milling. In this case, the support ring with its webs forms a labyrinth seal with the other webs of the housing part, wherein a web of the support ring is designed as a pole. The webs and the further webs are preferably aligned perpendicular to the axis of rotation AR of the wheelset shaft. This simplifies the assembly of the device.

It is particularly preferred if one of the webs of the support ring is designed as a pole wheel, which is arranged facing away from the rolling bearing. As a result, the sensor device is remote from the rolling bearing and thus arranged largely protected against contamination or damage.

In particular, a web of the support ring is designed as a pole wheel, which is arranged between two further webs of the support ring. Thus, the sensor device is optimally protected both against influences from the sides of the rolling bearing as well as from the surroundings. Furthermore, different angular positions of the pulse generator and the non-contact opposite pole wheel are conceivable. The pulse generator is directed perpendicular to the pole wheel, in particular on the holes, magnets or detection elements. For example, the pulse generator and the pole wheel, starting from the axis of rotation, are aligned axially relative to one another. That is, the pulse wheel connects to the flywheel axially without contact, wherein the pulse generator is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation.

In another example, the pulser and the pole wheel are radially aligned with each other, starting from the axis of rotation. This means that the pulse generator is arranged radially outside of the pole wheel and, for example, the holes, magnets or detection elements of the pole wheel on the outer circumference of a rotary member, such as axle cap, support ring or web of a seal, are arranged.

Furthermore, it is possible that the pulse generator is arranged obliquely to the axis of rotation of the rotating parts. Preferably, an angle between the rotational axis and the pulse encoder between 30 ° and 60 °, in particular 45 °, is present. The holes, magnets or detection elements are also arranged on the flywheel in an inclined position, preferably at an angle of 30 ° to 60 °, in particular 45 °, to the axis of rotation, so that the pulse generator is aligned perpendicular to these.

Rotational parts are generally understood to mean all rotatively movable parts, such as wheelset shaft, bearing inner ring of the rolling bearing, axle cap and support ring. By fixed parts are understood, for example, bearing outer ring of the bearing, housing parts and fixed cover that perform no rotational movement.

Further details, features, combinations of features and effects on the basis of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred, exemplary embodiments of the invention and from the drawings. These show in:

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention with diagonal scanning of a rotor arranged on an axle cap, FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention with axial scanning of a rotor arranged on an axle cap,

FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a device according to the invention with axial scanning of a rotor arranged on an axle cap,

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention with radial scanning of a rotor arranged on an axle cap,

Figure 5 shows an embodiment of an inventive device with axial

Scanning a rotor arranged on a support ring,

Figure 6 shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention with radial

Scanning a rotor arranged on a support ring,

Figure 7 shows an embodiment of an inventive device with axial

Scanning a flywheel integrated in the support ring,

Figure 8 shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention with radial

Sampling of a rotor integrated in the support ring.

In Fig. 1, a non-inventive device 1 for detecting the rotational speed of a Radsatzwelle 2 is shown for rail vehicles. The device 1 is arranged at one end of the wheelset shaft 2, which has an axis of rotation A _R , and comprises a sensor device 3, a plurality of stationary parts 4, a plurality of rotary parts 5 and a roller bearing 6 which couples the stationary parts 4 with the rotary parts 5. The roller bearing 6 has a split bearing inner ring 7, a bearing outer ring 8 and a plurality of rolling elements 9 arranged between them in two rows, which are designed here as cylindrical rollers, on. The bearing inner ring 7 has on the outer circumference raceways 10, in which roll the rolling elements 9, and is pressed onto the axle 2. However, it is also possible that the rolling elements roll directly on the wheelset shaft. The bearing outer ring 8 also has two raceways 10 at its inner circumference, in which the rolling elements 9 roll.

Starting from the axis of rotation A _R , a seal 11 is arranged axially next to the roller bearing 6 on both sides. Axially outside the sealed rolling bearing 6, an axle cap 12 is provided at the end of the axle 2. On this axle cap 12, a part of the sensor device 3 is attached. The sensor device 3 has a pole wheel 13 and a pulse generator 14, wherein the pole wheel 13, which is formed here as a perforated disc with holes 15, is pressed onto the axle cap 12.

The bearing outer ring 8 is fixedly connected to a housing part 16. However, the bearing outer ring can also be formed directly as a housing part. On the front side of the housing part 16, a cover 17 is fastened by means of screws 18, which surrounds the rotating end of the axle 2 and thus also the axle cap 12 and the pole wheel 13 applied thereon. The cover 17 has a through hole 19 into which the pulse generator 14 is inserted. The pulse generator 14 and its bore 19 are arranged in the cover 17 such that the pulse generator 14 is aligned perpendicular to the holes 15 of the pole wheel 13. The pulse generator 14 and the holes 15 of the pole wheel 13 are arranged at an angle α of 45 ° to the axis of rotation A _R. Furthermore, the pole wheel 13 and the pulse generator 14 are arranged contactless to each other.

The pulse generator 14 forwards via a data line 20 the detected values to an evaluation unit, not shown, which further processes these values and outputs the speed of the wheelset shaft 2.

FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show further embodiments of the device 1 which are not according to the invention. The embodiment in FIG. 2 differs from FIG. 1 in that the pole wheel 13 has an L-shape in cross-section, wherein a part the L-shape surrounds the outer circumference of the axle cap 12 and the other part of the L-shape encloses the end face of the axle cap 12. The holes 15 of the pole wheel 13 are arranged on the end face of the axle cap 12. Thus, the pulse generator 14, starting from the axis of rotation A _R , axially aligned. That is, this is an axial, non-contact scanning of the pole wheel 13th

In FIG. 3, in comparison to FIG. 2, the pole wheel 13 is fastened only on the outer circumference of the axle cap 12. The other part of the L-shape of the pole wheel 13 extends radially outward. In the protruding part of the L-shape of the pole wheel 13, the holes 15 are arranged. The pulse generator 13 is thus offset radially outwardly compared to FIG. Thus, as in FIG. 2, it is furthermore an axial, non-contact scanning of the pole wheel 13.

In FIG. 4, in comparison to FIG. 2, the holes 15 of the pole wheel 13 are arranged on the outer circumference of the axle cap 12. Furthermore, the pulse generator 14 is arranged perpendicular to the outer circumference of the axle cap 12 at the level of the holes 15 in the lid 17. Thus, this embodiment is a radial, non-contact sensing of the pole wheel 13.

FIGS. 5 and 6 each show an embodiment of a device 1 according to the invention for detecting the rotational speed of a wheelset shaft 2 for rail vehicles. The same reference numerals as in Figures 1 to 4 denote the same elements. The structure differs from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that the pole wheel 13 is arranged on a support ring 21 instead of on the axle cap 12. The support ring 21 has three webs 22a, 22b, 22c, is mounted on the axle 2 and supports the bearing inner ring 7 from. The housing part 16 has two further webs 16a, 16b, wherein the webs 22a, 22b, 22c and the other webs 16a, 16b are arranged interlocking and form a labyrinth seal 1 1 with a meander-shaped labyrinth gap 1 1 a. In FIG. 5, the holes 15 of the pole wheel 13 are arranged on the end face of the support ring 21 facing away from the bearing inner ring 7. The pulse generator 14 is aligned at the height of the holes 15 of the pole wheel 13 in the axial direction and in a housing part, which is not shown here, fixed Untitled. In contrast, in FIG. 6, the holes 15 of the pole wheel 13 are arranged on the outer circumference of the support ring 21. The vertically aligned pulse generator 13 is arranged in a corresponding bore 19 of the housing part 16.

FIGS. 7 and 8 differ from FIGS. 5, 6 in that the support ring 21 is a web 22a, 22b of the labyrinth seal 11 designed as a pole wheel 13. That is, pole wheel 13 is integrated directly into the support ring 21. In Fig. 7 is an axial, non-contact scanning of the integrated into the web 22 a pole wheel 13. The web 22 a is located protected on the rolling bearing 6 opposite side of the support ring 21st For this purpose, the pulse generator 14 is arranged in a housing part, not shown, and aligned in the axial direction. In contrast, in FIG. 8, the pulse generator 14 in the housing part 16, which is connected to the bearing outer ring 8, fixed and aligned in the radial direction. It involves a radial, non-contact scanning of the integrated into the web 22b Polrads 13. Here, in the web 22b on its side facing the pulse generator 14 here teeth milled, which allow scanning by the pulse generator 14. The web 22 b is arranged between two further webs 22 a, 22 c of the support ring 21. Thus, the sensor device 3 is optimally protected both against influences from the sides of the rolling bearing 6 as well as from the environment.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 device

2 wheelset shaft

3 sensor device

4 fixed part

5 rotating part

6 rolling bearings

7 bearing inner ring

8 bearing outer ring

9 rolling elements

10 career

1 1 seal, labyrinth seal

1 1 a meandering labyrinth gap

12 axle cap

13 pole wheel

14 pulse generator

15 hole of the pole wheel

16 housing part

16a, 16b more bridges

17 lid

18 screw

19 bore for pulse generator

20 data line

21 support ring

22a, 22b, 22c web of the seal

AR rotation axis

α Angular position of the pulse generator starting from the axis of rotation

Claims

claims

1 . Device (1) for detecting the rotational speed of a wheelset shaft (2) for rail vehicles, comprising a sensor device (3), fixed parts (4), rotating parts (5) for rotation about an axis of rotation AR of the axle (2), and a roller bearing (6 ), wherein the rolling bearing (6) has a bearing inner ring (7) which is rotatably connected to a rotary member (5, 2, 12), a bearing outer ring (8) which is rotatably connected to a fixed part (4, 16, 17) , and a plurality of interposed rolling elements (9), wherein the sensor device (3) has a flywheel (13) and a pulse generator (14) and the pulse generator (14) is arranged on a fixed part (4, 16, 17), wherein the pole wheel (13) is non-rotatably connected directly to a rotation part (5, 2, 12, 21) without contact, and a support ring (21) is provided, which supports the bearing inner ring (7) of the roller bearing (6 ),

characterized in that the support ring (21) together with a fixed part (4, 16, 17) in the form of a housing part (16) forms a labyrinth seal (1 1), wherein the support ring (21) has a plurality of webs (22a, 22b , 22c), wherein the housing part (16) further webs (16a, 16b), wherein the webs (22a, 22b, 22c) and the other webs (16a, 16b) to form a meandering labyrinth gap (1 1 a) interlocking are formed, and wherein either the pole wheel (13) on the support ring (21) is arranged or one of the webs (22a, 22b, 22c) is designed as a pole wheel (13).

2. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the pole wheel (13) on the support ring (21) is pressed.

3. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the pole wheel (13) is glued to the support ring (21).

4. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pole wheel (13) is designed as a perforated disc.

5. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pole wheel (13) has magnetized elements.

6. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the webs (22a, 22b, 22c) and the further webs (16a, 16b) are aligned perpendicular to the axis of rotation AR.

7. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the webs (22a, 22b) of the support ring (21) as a pole wheel (13) is formed, which is arranged facing away from the rolling bearing (6).

8. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pulse generator (14) and the pole wheel (13), starting from the axis of rotation (AR), are axially aligned with each other.

9. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pulse generator (14) and the pole wheel (13), starting from the rotation axis (AR), are aligned radially to each other.

10. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pulse generator (14) at an angle (a) of 45 ° to the rotation axis (AR) of the rotary parts (5, 2, 12, 21) is arranged ,