WO2017101697A1 - 一种节能屋顶 - Google Patents

一种节能屋顶 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017101697A1
WO2017101697A1 PCT/CN2016/108583 CN2016108583W WO2017101697A1 WO 2017101697 A1 WO2017101697 A1 WO 2017101697A1 CN 2016108583 W CN2016108583 W CN 2016108583W WO 2017101697 A1 WO2017101697 A1 WO 2017101697A1
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sunlight
light
winter
summer
plate
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PCT/CN2016/108583
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English (en)
French (fr)
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查激星
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北京齐家怡居科技有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2017101697A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017101697A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/18—Special structures in or on roofs, e.g. dormer windows
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/03—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/03—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights
    • E04D13/0305—Supports or connecting means for sky-lights of flat or domed shape
    • E04D13/031—Supports or connecting means for sky-lights of flat or domed shape characterised by a frame for connection to an inclined roof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/03—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights
    • E04D2013/034—Daylight conveying tubular skylights

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a roof structure.
  • Low-carbon building is a building development strategy based on this consensus. This development strategy requires building projects to meet the basic comfort requirements of the artificial environment of wind, light, heat and other special functional services while at the same time. Save resources as much as possible during the cycle, protect the environment and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, solid waste, etc., and coordinate, integrate and optimize practical and effective building technologies in technology selection to meet the sustainable development requirements of human society.
  • Gallery-style roofs are common in large public buildings, such as hospital streets for large medical buildings and pedestrian spaces for commercial buildings.
  • Traditional daylighting roofs can maximize the use of natural light by directly illuminating through the ceiling of the translucent panels.
  • it is necessary to rely on artificial techniques to compensate for the technical defects of roof insulation and light regulation.
  • the application No. CN201020608407.X discloses a gallery-type green energy-saving roof, which comprises more than one roof unit, the roof unit comprises a visor and a light-transmissive window, and the angle between the visor and the horizontal plane is 35-48°.
  • the light window is disposed at one end of the light shielding plate inclined downward, and the light transmission window extends upward from the connection with the light shielding plate, and the light transmission window is provided with a light transmission plate.
  • the direction of the solar radiation in the seasons which will greatly increase the reflectivity and absorption rate of the window to the sun, thus reducing the heat of the solar radiation.
  • the patent has a large shadow area during the strong solar radiation period in winter, that is, it blocks more sunlight.
  • Solar radiation is an important source of indoor heat gain if the entire system, especially the light transmission sector, is optimized.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an energy-saving roof with simple structure and convenient installation, with the most sunlight in the winter and the least sunlight in the summer.
  • the roof allows the house with a latitude between 25° and 50° north latitude to receive the most direct sunlight in winter, and the insulation effect is good; it receives the least direct sunlight in the summer, which fully meets the design requirements of green buildings.
  • the invention relates to an energy-saving roof with the most sunlight in winter and the least sunlight in the summer, wherein when the number of roof units is greater than 1, the lower edge of the light-transmissive plate of the rear roof unit and the lower edge of the light-shielding plate of the front roof unit It is seated on the same beam and is sealed between the lower edge of the rear roof unit light transmissive plate and the beam, between the lower edge of the visor of the front roof unit and the beam.
  • the invention relates to an energy-saving roof with the most sunlight in winter and the least sunlight in the summer, wherein the beam is provided with a drainage groove along its length.
  • the invention relates to an energy-saving roof with the most sunlight in winter and the least sunlight in the summer, wherein the light-shielding plate extends upwardly from the light-shielding plate and the light-shielding plate.
  • the invention relates to an energy-saving roof with the most sunlight in winter and minimal sunlight in the summer, and further comprises a support frame, the top end of the support frame is fixedly connected with the shading plate, and the bottom end is fixedly connected with the light-transmitting plate. .
  • the invention relates to an energy-saving roof with the most sunlight in winter and the least amount of sunlight in the summer, wherein the visor is made of an insulating material.
  • the invention relates to an energy-saving roof with the most sunlight in winter and the least sunlight in the summer, wherein the light-transmitting plate is a transparent material having a greenhouse effect.
  • the invention relates to an energy-saving roof with the most sunlight in winter and the least sunlight in the summer, wherein the light-transmitting plate is glass.
  • the invention relates to an energy-saving roof with the most sunlight in the winter and the least sunlight in the summer.
  • the difference between the energy-saving roof and the prior art is that the inclination angle of the visor is set to the maximum height angle of the sun in the small cold day, and the light-transmitting plate and the light-shielding plate are Vertical setting. So designed, the incident angle is small when the sunlight enters the light-transmitting plate in winter, so the reflectance and absorption rate of the light-transmitting plate to sunlight is small, and the shade plate and the visor are almost parallel to the maximum height in winter.
  • the winter of the present invention provides a maximum amount of light for the house, while the summer provides a minimum amount of light for the house, so that the room in which the invention is installed is warm in winter and cool in summer, in accordance with the design requirements of the green building.
  • 1 is a schematic view showing an energy-saving roof with the most sunlight in the winter and the least amount of sunlight in the summer;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an energy-saving roof with the most sunlight in the winter and the least sunlight in the summer;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing an energy-saving roof with the most sunlight in the winter and the least amount of sunlight in the summer in the spring/autumn season.
  • the upper edge of the light-transmitting plate 3 is sealingly bonded to the light-shielding plate 21.
  • the lower edge of the rear roof unit light-transmitting plate 3 the lower edge of the light-shielding plate 21 of the front roof unit is seated on the same beam 5, and under the rear roof unit light-transmitting plate 3
  • Between the edge and the beam 5, between the lower edge of the visor 21 of the front roof unit and the beam 5 is sealed, specifically Sealed by a sealant.
  • the beam 5 is provided with a drain groove 51 along its length.
  • each roof unit is further provided with a support frame 4 for supporting the shade plate 23, wherein the top end of the support frame 4 is fixedly connected with the shade plate 23, and the bottom end is fixedly connected with the light-transmitting plate 3, and the use of the support frame 4 is effectively enhanced. The strength of the shading plate 23.
  • the summer is from Xiaoman ⁇ Xiazhi ⁇ Great Summer, which lasts about 2 months. This period is the hottest period of the year. In order to minimize the heat in the room during this period, sunlight should be avoided indoors. That is, the angle between the line connecting the lower edge of the sun visor and the lower edge of the light-transmitting plate and the horizontal plane should be less than or equal to the solar elevation angle of the period.
  • the energy-saving roof in which the shading plate 23 is added is exposed to direct sunlight in different seasons as shown in Figs. 1 to 3, respectively.
  • the sunlight is incident at a vertical angle with the light-transmitting plate 3, and at this time, the shading plate 23 does not block the sunlight, and the reflectance of the light-transmitting plate 3 to the sunlight is substantially zero, so in the winter
  • the amount of light that the house receives directly from the sun reaches a maximum, keeping the warmth inside the house.
  • the shading plate 23 completely blocks the sunlight, and the sunlight cannot directly pass through the light-transmitting plate 3, so that the amount of light received by the house in the summer is almost zero, and the interior is kept cool.
  • the shade plate 23 blocks part of the sunlight. At this time, only part of the sunlight is directly directed to the light-transmitting plate 3, so that the amount of light received by the house in the spring/autumn season is moderate, neither The house is overheated by receiving too much light and does not cause the house to be too cold due to too little light.
  • the energy-saving roof of the present invention has a special design, so that the room in which the invention is installed is warm in winter, cool in spring and autumn, and meets the design requirements of green buildings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

一种节能屋顶，包括至少一个屋顶单元，屋顶单元包括遮光板（21）和透光板（3）；遮光板（21）相对水平面的倾角α1＝70°-β，其中β为当地纬度，透光板（3）以与遮光板（21）垂直的方式设置于遮光板（21）的下倾斜面一侧，透光板（3）的上边缘与遮光板（21）密封贴合。该屋顶冬季阳光射入较多、夏季阳光射入较少，具有节能的优点。

Description

[根据细则37.2由ISA制定的发明名称]　一种节能屋顶 技术领域
本发明涉及一种屋顶结构。
背景技术
近年来，应对气候变化、倡导低碳生活已经成为了全人类的共识，低碳经济正得到迅速发展。低碳建筑就是一种基于这一共识的建筑发展策略，这种发展策略要求建筑项目在满足社会对风、光、热等人工环境的基本舒适性要求和特殊功能服务需求的同时，在全寿命周期内尽可能地节约资源，保护环境和降低温室气体、固体废弃物等的排放，在技术选择上应协调、整合和优化实用、有效的建筑技术，以适应人类社会的可持续发展要求。
廊型采光屋顶在大型公共建筑中比较常见，例如大型医疗建筑的医院街，商业建筑的步行空间等。传统的采光屋顶由于直接通过透光板顶棚采光，虽可以最大限度的利用自然光线，但是，必须依赖人工技术手段以弥补屋顶的隔热、光线调节的技术缺陷。
申请号为CN201020608407.X的专利公开了一种廊型绿色节能屋顶，该屋顶包括一个以上的屋顶单元，屋顶单元包括遮光板和透光窗，遮光板与水平面夹角为35-48°，透光窗设在遮光板向下倾斜的一端，且透光窗从与遮光板的连接处向上延伸，透光窗上设有透光板。虽然该专利技术在一定程度上实现了太阳光在不同季节射入室内的光度存在差异化，但是该技术在实际应用中效果并无法达到预期，并没有达到绿色建筑的设计要求。
总体来说，该专利技术存在如下问题：
1、只考虑采光，未考虑冬季得热最大化的问题。该专利中的的透光窗不垂直于冬
季太阳辐射的方向，这将大幅增加窗户对太阳光的反射率和吸收率，从而减小太阳辐射得热。另外，该专利在冬季太阳辐射较强的时间段造成的阴影面积较大，也即对阳光遮挡较多。太阳辐射是室内得热的重要来源，如果对整个系统尤其是透光部门进行优化。
2、未充分考虑夏季遮阳问题。夏季阳光照入室内，是大多数地区夏季制冷功耗的重要甚至主要来源。该专利未设计遮阳板，按照这种设计，在一些地区的夏季阳光辐射很可能大量进入室内，由于窗户的温室效应，讲给室内带来大量热源。这将大幅度增加建 筑的制冷功耗。
3、未考虑地区差异问题。在不同的地区，冬季和夏季阳光的照射角度是不同的，这与纬度有一定关系。如果不考虑照射角度的差异，也就无法考虑冬季得热最大化和夏季得热最小化的问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种结构简单、安装方便的冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶。该屋顶使纬度处于北纬25°～50°之间的房屋在冬天能够接收到最多的阳光直射，且保温效果好；在夏天接收到最少的阳光直射，完全符合绿色建筑的设计要求。
本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，包括：至少一个屋顶单元；所述屋顶单元包括：遮光板和透光板；所述遮光板相对水平面的倾角α1＝70°-β，其中β为当地纬度；所述透光板以与遮光板垂直的方式设置于所述遮光板的下倾斜面一侧，且所述透光板的上边缘与所述遮光板密封贴合。本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其中当屋顶单元的数量大于1时，在后屋顶单元透光板的下边缘、在前屋顶单元的遮光板的下边缘落座在同一横梁上，且在后屋顶单元透光板的下边缘与横梁之间、在前屋顶单元的遮光板的下边缘与横梁之间为密封设置。
本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其中所述横梁沿其长度方向设置有排水槽。
本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其中自透光板与遮光板的贴合处，所述遮光板向上延伸出一段遮阴板。
本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其中所述遮阴板长度L＝l*cot40°，其中l为透光板的长度。
本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，还包括一个支撑架，所述支撑架的顶端与所述遮阴板固定连接，底端与所述透光板固定连接。
本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其中所述遮光板采用保温材料制作。
本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其中所述透光板为具有温室效应的透明材料。
本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其中所述透光板为玻璃。
本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶与现有技术的区别在于：将遮光板的倾角设置为小寒日当地的太阳最大高度角，且将透光板与遮光板垂直设置。如此设计，在冬季阳光射入透光板时的入射角较小，因此透光板对太阳光的反射率和吸收率也就较小，同时遮阴板和遮光板几乎平行于冬季的最大高度角，因此其阴影面积较小，从而冬季射入屋内的光量达到最大；而在夏季，由于遮阴板遮挡了绝大多数阳光，而且在极端情况下阳光得以射入透光板时的入射角较大，因此透光板对太阳光的反射率也就较大，从而夏季射入屋内的光量极小。综上所述，本发明冬季为屋子提供了最大化的光量，而夏季为屋子提供了最小化的光量，使得安装有本发明的屋子冬暖夏凉，符合绿色建筑的设计要求。
下面结合附图对本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶作进一步地说明。
附图说明
图1为在冬季阳光照射本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶的示意图；
图2为在夏季阳光照射本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶的示意图；
图3为在春/秋季节阳光照射本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶的示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1～3所示本发明一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，包括：至少一个屋顶单元；屋顶单元包括：遮光板21和透光板3，透光板3优选为真空低辐射玻璃；遮光板21相对水平面的倾角α1＝70°-β，其中β为当地纬度；透光板3以与遮光板21垂直的方式设置于遮光板21的下倾斜面一侧，且透光板3的上边缘与遮光板21密封贴合。当屋顶单元的数量大于1时，在后屋顶单元透光板3的下边缘、在前屋顶单元的遮光板21的下边缘落座在同一横梁5上，且在后屋顶单元透光板3的下边缘与横梁5之间、在前屋顶单元的遮光板21的下边缘与横梁5之间均为密封设置，具体的可 以通过密封胶密封。为了在雨天顺利将雨水排出，横梁5沿其长度方向设置有排水槽51。
为了进一步地改善本发明对房屋的光照影响，本发明自透光板3与遮光板21的贴合处22，将遮光板21向上延伸出一段遮阴板23，遮阴板23长度L＝l*cot40°，其中l为透光板的长度。另外各屋顶单元还设置有用于支撑遮阴板23的支撑架4，其中支撑架4的顶端与遮阴板23固定连接，底端与透光板3固定连接，支撑架4的使用有效增强了遮阴板23的强度。
为了方便理解，现对本发明中涉及的两个公式作如下阐释：
(1)α1＝70°-β
就北半球而言，冬季从小雪→冬至→大寒，历时2个月左右，这段时间是一年中最冷的时间段，为了使该时期室内获得热量最大化，应基本保证阳光与遮光板的平行，即遮光板和水平面的夹角应与该时间段的太阳高度角基本相等。根据太阳高度角计算公式α＝90°-(β-δ)，其中，α代表太阳最大高度角，β当地纬度，δ代表太阳直射纬度；由于北半球冬季阳光直射纬度δ由南纬20°16′到23°26′再到20°16′左右，因此δ取值范围介于-23～-20之间为宜，故δ取值为-20°，故遮光板与水平面的角度取值为α1＝90°-[β-(-)20°]＝70°-β。
(2)L＝l*cot40°
就北半球而言，夏季从小满→夏至→大暑，同样历时2个月左右，这段时间是一年中最热的时间段，为了使该时期室内获得热量最小化，应尽量避免阳光射入室内，即遮阳板上沿、透光板下沿之间的连线与水平面的夹角应小于或等于该时期太阳高度角。根据太阳高度角计算公式α＝90°-(β-δ)，其中，α代表太阳最大高度角，β当地纬度，δ代表太阳直射纬度；由于北半球冬季阳光直射纬度δ由北纬20°16′到23°26′再到20°16′左右，因此当δ取值范围应小于20°16′时，夏季两个月阳光便基本不能直接射入室内，故δ取值为20°，故遮阳板上沿、透光板下沿之间的连线与水平面的夹角α2＝90°-(β-20°)＝110°-β。
由此可以计算出遮阳板上沿、透光板下沿之间的连线与遮阳板之间的夹角α3＝α2-α1＝(110°-β)-(70°-β)＝40°。从而得到遮阳板长度计算公式L＝l*cot40°，其中l为透光板的长度。
增加了遮阴板23的节能屋顶在不同季节受阳光直射的情况分别如图1～3所述。
如图1所示，在冬季，阳光与透光板3呈垂直角度射入，此时遮阴板23对阳光不会造成遮挡，透光板3对阳光的反射率基本为零，因此在冬季屋子接收到阳光直射的光量达到最大值，保持了屋内的温暖。
如图2所示，在夏季，遮阴板23刚好把阳光完全遮挡，此时阳光无法直射透光板3，因此在夏季屋子接收到阳光直射的光量几乎为零，保持了屋内的清凉。
如图3所示，在春/秋季节，遮阴板23将部分阳光遮挡，此时只有部分阳光直射透光板3，因此在春/秋季节屋子接受阳光直射的光量适中，既不会使屋子因接收到太多光量而过热，也不会使屋子因接受太少光量而过冷。
总而言之，本发明一种节能屋顶由于特殊的设计使得安装有本发明的屋子冬暖夏凉、春秋清爽，符合绿色建筑的设计要求。
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，包括：至少一个屋顶单元；所述屋顶单元包括：遮光板和透光板；所述遮光板相对水平面的倾角α1＝70°-β，其中β为当地纬度；所述透光板以与遮光板垂直的方式设置于所述遮光板的下倾斜面一侧，且所述透光板的上边缘与所述遮光板密封贴合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其特征在于：当屋顶单元的数量大于1时，在后屋顶单元透光板的下边缘、在前屋顶单元的遮光板的下边缘落座在同一横梁上，且在后屋顶单元透光板的下边缘与横梁之间、在前屋顶单元的遮光板的下边缘与横梁之间为密封设置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其特征在于：所述横梁沿其长度方向设置有排水槽。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其特征在于：自透光板与遮光板的贴合处，所述遮光板向上延伸出一段遮阴板。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其特征在于：所述遮阴板长度L＝l*cot40°，其中l为透光板的长度。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其特征在于：屋顶单元还包括一个支撑架，所述支撑架的顶端与所述遮阴板固定连接，底端与所述透光板固定连接。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其特征在于：所述遮光板采用保温材料制作。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其特征在于：所述透光板为具有温室效应的透明材料。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种冬季阳光射入最多、夏季阳光射入最少的节能屋顶，其特征在于：所述透光板为玻璃。
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