WO2017101478A1 - Module de lecture-écriture de dispositif de stockage de bloc postgresql - Google Patents

Module de lecture-écriture de dispositif de stockage de bloc postgresql Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017101478A1
WO2017101478A1 PCT/CN2016/095367 CN2016095367W WO2017101478A1 WO 2017101478 A1 WO2017101478 A1 WO 2017101478A1 CN 2016095367 W CN2016095367 W CN 2016095367W WO 2017101478 A1 WO2017101478 A1 WO 2017101478A1
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postgresql
postgresql block
block
data
storage device
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PCT/CN2016/095367
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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朱晓伟
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深圳市华讯方舟软件技术有限公司
华讯方舟科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2017101478A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017101478A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/21—Design, administration or maintenance of databases
    • G06F16/214—Database migration support

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a PostgreSQL database storage device, in particular to a PostgreSQL block storage device read/write module.
  • the original PostgreSQL database system's underlying storage architecture is on the file system. From the table to the disk, the four layers of the tablespace, file system, logical volume, and disk are finally written to the physical disk.
  • Fsm file It stores information about the free space in the data table file.
  • Vm file A tuple that marks which file blocks in the data table file are not invalid.
  • Table data file This file is mainly used to store data, but the file size will be limited. Normally, 2G will be saved. Files larger than 2G will be saved in files.
  • the general operating system has a limit on the number of files that can be opened.
  • the PostgreSQL database system internally uses its own virtual file management to manage file handles to ensure that many tables can be opened at the same time. For the database, there may be many tables at the same time, and the PostgreSQL database system uses one table and multiple files to save data.
  • you open a file you will first find in the file handle management whether there is a file handle that has been opened. Set the offset according to the file handle.
  • centralized storage disk array, etc.
  • This method only hardly improves the I/O throughput of the back end, and does not improve the utilization of the underlying I/O in principle. And in terms of security, this method does not protect the data at any level, and still exposes the data. It can only achieve the speedup of the database system to a certain extent. But for the high security and high performance requirements, we can't just rely on this pure hardware acceleration and ignore the optimization of the software itself.
  • the above is the original PostgreSQL database system storage architecture.
  • the above structure has the following disadvantages:
  • the database data files are directly exposed in the operating system, the data has security risks, and the data security is not guaranteed. It is a great security vulnerability for some environments with high security requirements.
  • 64-bit space is used to record the number of blocks and the number of i-nodes.
  • 64-bit space is used to record the number of blocks and the number of i-nodes.
  • database systems there may be a large number of tables, and each table may have at least 3 files. , resulting in a lot of files in a folder.
  • the file system When the file system performs block allocation, it is basically allocated in a 4K block mode. At the same time, our database application is applied in 8K units. This means that the blocks allocated by the system are always smaller than the blocks of our table.
  • the direct problem with this is that the database's business blocks are cluttered to disk. The direct problem is that the disk seek time is long and the read and write speed is slowed down.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a PostgreSQL block storage device read/write module, through which the read and write modules of the PostgreSQL block storage device read and write, the database data file does not Direct exposure to the operating system eliminates the security risks of data, and data security is guaranteed. It eliminates a huge security hole for some environments with high security requirements.
  • the PostgreSQL block storage device read/write module of the present invention is a PostgreSQL block storage device read/write module for managing a PostgreSQL block in a PostgreSQL block storage device, and the PostgreSQL block storage device read/write module is architected in a PostgreSQL database. On the system.
  • the PostgreSQL block storage device read/write module manages PostgreSQL blocks in the PostgreSQL block storage device through a mapping relationship table between PostgreSQL block-data tables and an idle PostgreSQL block table.
  • the mapping relationship table between the PostgreSQL block and the data table includes fields Relfilenode, Reltablespace, Forknum, Blockid, Blockno, and the free PostgreSQL block table includes fields Blockid, Isfree, Dev.
  • the PostgreSQL block storage device read and write module has the following submodules:
  • a submodule that writes data in a PostgreSQL block is a submodule that writes data in a PostgreSQL block.
  • the sub-module that allocates the PostgreSQL block allocates a PostgreSQL block to the PostgreSQL data table by using a nearby allocation policy or a hot-hot data hierarchical allocation policy, and the nearby allocation strategy is a PostgreSQL block nearest allocation policy or an idle PostgreSQL block table recording nearest allocation policy.
  • the hot-cold data table hierarchical allocation strategy is a common data table allocation strategy or a recently used data table allocation strategy.
  • the PostgreSQL block nearest allocation strategy is to find an idle PostgreSQL block to be assigned to the data table before and after the last allocated PostgreSQL block of the data table.
  • the free PostgreSQL block table record near allocation strategy is to find the first free PostgreSQL block from the idle PostgreSQL block table record, the commonly used data table allocation strategy is to preferentially allocate the data table to the faster PostgreSQL block device.
  • the recently used data table allocation strategy is to prioritize the recently used data table to a faster PostgreSQL block device for a PostgreSQL block device having two or more different read and write speeds.
  • the submodule of the Recycled PostgreSQL block is used to reclaim the PostgreSQL block that is no longer used by the data table, and the corresponding PostgreSQL block record is deleted from the mapping relationship table between the PostgreSQL block and the data table, and the record of the corresponding PostgreSQL block is sent to the free table.
  • the sub-module for locating the PostgreSQL block is used to locate a page in the data table to a location specified by the PostgreSQL block device;
  • the submodule for reading data in the PostgreSQL block is used to read data of a specified size in a specified position in the specified block;
  • the sub-module that writes the data in the PostgreSQL block is used to write data of a specified size within a specified location within the specified block.
  • the submodule that writes the data in the PostgreSQL block writes the data to the PostgreSQL block in an encrypted manner; accordingly,
  • the sub-module that reads the data in the PostgreSQL block reads the data back to the database business layer in a decrypted manner.
  • the encryption method is a method of performing storage encryption on the user password and data XOR;
  • the decryption method is a method of encrypting the user password with the data read from the PostgreSQL block and then returning it to the database service layer.
  • the Dev field in the idle PostgreSQL block table identifies different storage devices to implement capacity expansion.
  • the PostgreSQL block is a minimum unit allocated to a data table in a PostgreSQL database system, the storage capacity of the PostgreSQL block is greater than 4 KB, and the PostgreSQL block storage device read/write module is configured by a data read/write method based on a PostgreSQL block storage device. PostgreSQL blocks are read and written.
  • the storage capacity of the PostgreSQL block is a positive integer multiple of 8 KB.
  • the storage capacity of the PostgreSQL block is a natural multiple of 8 KB of 2 KB.
  • the storage capacity of the PostgreSQL block is 1 MB, 2 MB, 4 MB, 8 MB, 16 MB, 32 MB, 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB or 1024 MB.
  • a data read/write method based on a PostgreSQL block storage device which reads and writes a PostgreSQL block as described above by using a PostgreSQL block storage device read/write module as described above.
  • the driver of the PostgreSQL block storage device read/write module completes the operation of the block file, and its main tasks are:
  • the table space is located to a specified position of the specified block device, and a certain offset of the block device is located by the pageid of the table.
  • Each table in the PostgreSQL database system is assigned at least one of the PostgreSQL blocks, and the PostgreSQL block can be dynamically allocated incrementally;
  • Each PostgreSQL block can write to 512 8-KB PostgreSQL block database system pages.
  • a block device can contain an infinite number of tables.
  • a table can contain an unlimited number of PostgreSQL blocks. These block file information is stored in PostgreSQL block-data. The mapping relationship between the tables;
  • the information of all the PostgreSQL blocks of a data table can be obtained by one oid, and the PostgreSQL block information will sequentially form the entire PostgreSQL block-data table file.
  • the pageid*8k of this table is the internal bias of the table. Move, and at the same time be able to determine the first block of this block file, and thus get the position of the page we want to get in the block device.
  • the PostgreSQL block device read/write storage module of the present invention has the following advantageous effects compared with the prior art.
  • the data in the database will be more secure.
  • the data in the database will be saved to the block device according to the rules we have established, which is more secure in terms of security.
  • the data will be saved in pieces and saved in multiple copies to different data nodes, which is more than 100 times more secure than a single disk.
  • Database business and data separation As long as it is the same version of the database, it can be freely migrated in different operating systems. As long as you can pass the verification code set at the head of the data block, Can achieve direct mount of the database. It is free to migrate from different versions of Linux, and can also migrate with the Windows operating system platform.
  • PostgreSQL block the PostgreSQL block device read and write storage module, and the data read and write method based on the PostgreSQL block storage device of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a file system read and write hierarchical structure of an operating system in the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a file system storage space allocation structure of an operating system in the prior art.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of read and write of a file system head of an operating system in the prior art.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure and principle of a PostgreSQL block, a PostgreSQL block device read/write memory module, and a data read/write method based on a PostgreSQL block storage device.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the PostgreSQL block of the present invention is the smallest unit allocated to the data table in the PostgreSQL database system, and the storage capacity of the PostgreSQL block is equal to 4 MB.
  • the storage capacity of the PostgreSQL block is greater than 4 KB.
  • the storage capacity of the PostgreSQL block is a positive integer multiple of 8 KB.
  • the storage capacity of the PostgreSQL block is a natural multiple of 8 KB of 2 KB.
  • the storage capacity of the PostgreSQL block is 1 MB, 2 MB, 8 MB, 16 MB, 32 MB, 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB or 1024 MB.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the PostgreSQL block storage device read/write module of the present invention is a PostgreSQL block storage device read/write module for managing a PostgreSQL block as described above in a PostgreSQL block storage device.
  • the PostgreSQL block storage device read/write module can be architected on a PostgreSQL database system.
  • the PostgreSQL block storage device read and write module passes the PostgreSQL block-data table mapping table and the idle PostgreSQL block table to the PostgreSQL block storage device. PostgreSQL blocks are managed.
  • the mapping relationship table between the PostgreSQL block and the data table includes fields Relfilenode, Reltablespace, Forknum, Blockid, Blockno, and the free PostgreSQL block table includes fields Blockid, Isfree, Dev.
  • the PostgreSQL block storage device read and write module has the following submodules:
  • a submodule that writes data in a PostgreSQL block is a submodule that writes data in a PostgreSQL block.
  • the sub-module that allocates the PostgreSQL block allocates a PostgreSQL block to the PostgreSQL data table by using a nearby allocation policy or a hot-hot data hierarchical allocation policy, and the nearby allocation strategy is a PostgreSQL block nearest allocation policy or an idle PostgreSQL block table recording nearest allocation policy.
  • the hot-cold data table hierarchical allocation strategy is a common data table allocation strategy or a recently used data table allocation strategy.
  • the PostgreSQL block nearest allocation strategy is to find an idle PostgreSQL block to be assigned to the data table before and after the last allocated PostgreSQL block of the data table.
  • the free PostgreSQL block table record near allocation strategy is to find the first free PostgreSQL block from the idle PostgreSQL block table record, the commonly used data table allocation strategy is to preferentially allocate the data table to the faster PostgreSQL block device.
  • the recently used data table allocation strategy is to prioritize the recently used data table to a faster PostgreSQL block device for a PostgreSQL block device having two or more different read and write speeds. on;
  • the submodule of the Recycled PostgreSQL block is used to reclaim the PostgreSQL block that is no longer used by the data table, and the corresponding PostgreSQL block record is deleted from the mapping relationship table between the PostgreSQL block and the data table, and the record of the corresponding PostgreSQL block is sent to the free table.
  • the sub-module for locating the PostgreSQL block is used to locate a page in the data table to a location specified by the PostgreSQL block device;
  • the submodule for reading data in the PostgreSQL block is used to read data of a specified size in a specified position in the specified block;
  • the sub-module that writes the data in the PostgreSQL block is used to write data of a specified size within a specified location within the specified block.
  • the submodule that writes the data in the PostgreSQL block writes the data to the PostgreSQL block in an encrypted manner; accordingly,
  • the sub-module that reads the data in the PostgreSQL block reads the data back to the database business layer in a decrypted manner.
  • the encryption method is a method of performing storage encryption on the user password and data XOR;
  • the decryption method is a method of deciphering the user password and the data read from the PostgreSQL block and then deciphering it to the database service layer.
  • the Dev field in the idle PostgreSQL block table identifies different storage devices to implement capacity expansion.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • the present invention is based on a data read/write method of a PostgreSQL block storage device, and reads and writes a PostgreSQL block as described above by using a PostgreSQL block storage device read/write module as described above.
  • the driver of the PostgreSQL block storage device read/write module completes the operation of the block file, and its main tasks are:
  • the table space is located to a specified position of the specified block device, and a certain offset of the block device is located by the pageid of the table.
  • Each table in the PostgreSQL database system is assigned at least one of the PostgreSQL blocks, and the PostgreSQL block can be dynamically allocated incrementally;
  • Each PostgreSQL block can write to 512 8-KB PostgreSQL block database system pages.
  • a block device can contain an infinite number of tables.
  • a table can contain an unlimited number of PostgreSQL blocks. These block file information is stored in PostgreSQL block-data. Mapping between tables Within the relationship table;
  • the information of all the PostgreSQL blocks of a data table can be obtained by one oid, and the PostgreSQL block information will sequentially form the entire PostgreSQL block-data table file.
  • the pageid*8k of this table is the internal bias of the table. Move, and at the same time be able to determine the first block of this block file, and thus get the position of the page we want to get in the block device.
  • the PostgreSQL block storage device In general, we split the PostgreSQL block storage device by 4MB. We only need to calculate the total number of PostgreSQL block storage devices by dividing the total capacity of the PostgreSQL block storage device by the capacity of a PostgreSQL block. This does not require scanning the PostgreSQL block storage device. This allocation time is extremely short. For example, the 2T PostgreSQL block storage device only needs to be divided into 524288 PostgreSQL blocks. We only need to add 524288 records to the free PostgreSQL block table, and the blockid can be incremented from 0--524287. Also mark isfree as true.
  • the storage space of the data table is allocated in units of 4 MB.
  • the actual occupied space of a table is allocated on demand.
  • the original SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum two parameters are located to the file system's table file modified to locate the offset of the block device.
  • PostgreSQL block-data table exists in the mapping table, we can directly locate the PostgreSQL block storage device to pageno*4*1024KB+(reln.pageid%512)*8KB. Read this 8K data.
  • the database business layer is separated from the data layer. Mount the block device directly to the new node. This upper level system error does not affect the underlying data.
  • PostgreSQL block storage device selection rules can be customized.
  • step B we are the choice of order.
  • PostgreSQL database system background storage is stored on a bare disk basis.

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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un module de lecture-écriture de dispositif de stockage de bloc PostgreSQL, le module de lecture-écriture de dispositif de stockage de bloc PostgreSQL étant un module de lecture-écriture de dispositif de stockage de bloc PostgreSQL qui gère des blocs PostgreSQL dans un dispositif de stockage de bloc PostgreSQL, et le module de lecture-écriture de dispositif de stockage de bloc PostgreSQL étant construit sur un système de base de données PostgreSQL. Le module de lecture-écriture de dispositif de stockage de bloc PostgreSQL gère, au moyen d'une table de bloc PostgreSQL inactive et d'une table de relations de mappage entre des blocs PostgreSQL et des tables de données, les blocs PostgreSQL dans le dispositif de stockage de bloc PostgreSQL. Le module de lecture-écriture de dispositif de stockage de bloc PostgreSQL effectuera des opérations de lecture et d'écriture de données plus sécurisées de la base de données. Les données dans la base de données seront sauvegardées dans le dispositif de bloc selon une règle établie, de sorte que les données sont plus sécurisées en termes de sécurité. De plus, en raison de l'utilisation d'un stockage distribué, les données peuvent être sauvegardées en tranches et de multiples copies de ces dernières sont sauvegardées dans différents nœuds de données, et ainsi la sécurité est plus de cent fois supérieure à celle d'un disque unique.
PCT/CN2016/095367 2015-12-17 2016-08-15 Module de lecture-écriture de dispositif de stockage de bloc postgresql WO2017101478A1 (fr)

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CN105573678B (zh) * 2015-12-17 2018-11-09 深圳市华讯方舟软件技术有限公司 一种PostgreSQL块
CN105824879B (zh) * 2015-12-17 2019-06-28 深圳市华讯方舟软件技术有限公司 一种基于PostgreSQL块存储设备的迁移方法
CN105630879B (zh) * 2015-12-17 2019-03-26 深圳市华讯方舟软件技术有限公司 一种PostgreSQL块存储设备读写模块
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CN112380217B (zh) * 2020-11-17 2024-04-12 安徽鸿程光电有限公司 数据处理方法、装置、设备及介质

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