WO2017099836A1 - Génération de signaux de référence de raffinement de faisceau - Google Patents

Génération de signaux de référence de raffinement de faisceau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017099836A1
WO2017099836A1 PCT/US2016/025144 US2016025144W WO2017099836A1 WO 2017099836 A1 WO2017099836 A1 WO 2017099836A1 US 2016025144 W US2016025144 W US 2016025144W WO 2017099836 A1 WO2017099836 A1 WO 2017099836A1
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Prior art keywords
sequence
brrs
index
antenna ports
circuitry
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PCT/US2016/025144
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English (en)
Inventor
Yushu Zhang
Yuan Zhu
Gang Xiong
Huaning Niu
Wenting CHANG
Jong-Kae Fwu
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Intel IP Corporation
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
    • H04L27/20—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
    • H04L27/2032—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits for discrete phase modulation, e.g. in which the phase of the carrier is modulated in a nominally instantaneous manner
    • H04L27/2053—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits for discrete phase modulation, e.g. in which the phase of the carrier is modulated in a nominally instantaneous manner using more than one carrier, e.g. carriers with different phases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
    • H04L27/2613—Structure of the reference signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0026—Division using four or more dimensions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signaling for the administration of the divided path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H04L5/001—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT the frequencies being arranged in component carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0037—Inter-user or inter-terminal allocation
    • H04L5/0041—Frequency-non-contiguous

Definitions

  • Embodiments pertain to systems, methods, and component devices for wireless communications, and particularly to systems and methods managing massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beams and beam refinement in long term evolution (LTE), LTE-advanced (LTE-A), 5G and other similar wireless communication systems.
  • MIMO massive multiple-input multiple-output
  • LTE and LTE-advanced are standards for wireless communication of high-speed data for user equipment (UE) such as mobile telephones.
  • UE user equipment
  • Massive MIMO is a technology that uses perhaps hundreds or thousands of antennas operating coherently and adaptively for multipath signal propagation to communicate multiple signals to a plurality of devices.
  • the transmitting (TX) beamforming and receiving (RX) beamforming may be applied simultaneously and can interfere with each other. Consequently there is a need for beam refinement.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system including an evolved node B (eNB) and user equipment (UE) that may operate according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing additional aspects of a system using eNB and UE.
  • MIMO for communications according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a resource elements structure used for the
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an Interleaved Frequency Division Multiplex
  • IDFMA IDF Advanced
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating BRRS signal generation, including sequence generation and resource mapping in massive MIMO systems according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating generation of repeated time domain signals within one symbol according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates aspects of a computing machine according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates aspects of a UE according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example user equipment including aspects of wireless communication systems according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example computer system machine which may be used in according to some embodiments.
  • Embodiments relate to systems, devices, apparatus, assemblies, methods, and computer readable media to enhance wireless communications, and particularly to communication systems that operate with evolved node B (eNB) systems transmitting to user equipment (UE) using a large number of antennas to generate beams as part of massive MIMO operations using the eNB.
  • eNB evolved node B
  • UE user equipment
  • FIG. 1 illustrates aspects of a wireless network system 100 according to some embodiments.
  • the wireless network 100 includes a UE 101 and an e ' NB 150 connected using channels (e.g. channels 2.10, 220) via an air interface 190.
  • UE 101 and eNB 150 communicate using a system that supports MIMO operation, such that multiple carriers on different beams using the same frequencies may communicate data between eNB 150 and UE 101.
  • MIMO multi-user MIMO
  • MU-MLMO multi-user MIMO
  • massive MIMO massive MIMO. It is well known that MU-MIMO offers significant advantages over single MIMO. Massive MIMO, which may use hundreds, or even thousands, of antennas over a plurality of terminals, and which uses time-division duplexing, can provide energy into smaller regions of space, resulting in enhanced throughput and radiated energy efficiency, thus offering additional advantages.
  • each eNB is equipped with arrays of active antenna elements.
  • transmit preceding can be used in the downlink from the eNB to a UE to focus a signal at the UE,
  • receive combining can be used in the uplink to discriminate between signals from different UEs.
  • a particular communication sent using a set of antennas to a particular UE is referred to as sending a communication over a channel on a particular beam, and tracking performance of the beam.
  • BRRS Beam Refinement Reference Signals
  • Embodiments described herein provide a method and system for detailed BRRS signal generation, including sequence generation and resource mapping, with the same subcamer spacing as is used in other physical layer channels that use a time domain replica waveform.
  • the BRRS signal can be generated within one symbol, using frequency domain down-sampling which changes the sampling band edge and scales the amplitude of the sampled signal. By the down-sampling, the number of time-domain samples can be reduced so that the subcamer spacing can be increased.
  • This BRRS signal generation can operate within the wireless network 100 using standardize communication systems operating according to third generation partnership project (3GPP) standards such as LTE, LTE- advanced, fifth generation (5G), SI, or other similar or related communication standards for transmitting information,
  • 3GPP third generation partnership project
  • the UE 101 and any other UE in the system may be, for example, laptop computers, smartphones, tablet computers, printers, machine-type devices such as smart meters or specialized devices for healthcare monitoring, remote security surveillance, an intelligent transportation system, or any other wireless devices with or without a user interface .
  • the eNB 150 provides the UE 101 network connectivity to a broader network (e.g. network 195 of FIG. 2). This UE 101 connectivity is provided via the air interface 190 in an eNB sen-ice area provided by the eNB 150.
  • such a broader network may be a wide area network operated by a cellular network provider, or may be the Internet,
  • Each eNB service area associated with the eNB 150 is supported by antennas integrated with the eNB 150.
  • the service areas are divided into a number of sectors associated with certain antennas. Such sectors may be physically associated with fixed antennas or may be assigned to a physical area with tunable antennas or antenna settings adjustable in a beamforming process used to direct a signal to a particular sector.
  • One embodiment of the eNB 150 for example, includes three sectors each covering a 120 degree area with an array of antennas directed to each sector to provide 360 degree coverage around the eNB 150. In other embodiments, different antenna structures may provide different coverage areas.
  • each beam (e.g. 10 beams in the 90 element array with 9 elements used for each beam) transmits a reference signal. Because these reference signals are transmitted on shaped beams, they may be referred to as beamformed reference signals. Due to reference limitations and efficient channel usage, the number of transmission beams may be fixed and limited. With a limited number of transmission beams from an eNB and the limits on a fixed array to track a UE, a massive ⁇ system may operate with coverage holes between beams.
  • a UE may receive a signal from one or more beams that is below a threshold for typical allowable operation. While channel state information (CSI) and channel quality indicators (CQI) may ⁇ be able to identify a primary beam or a beam with the best characteristics in such a hole zone, the actual throughput for the best beam may still be below an acceptable threshold.
  • CSI channel state information
  • CQI channel quality indicators
  • UE 101 and eNB 150 may use various communication processes to transmit data back and forth.
  • the UE 101 includes control circuitry 105 coupled with transmit circuitry 1 10 and receive circuitry 1 15.
  • the transmit circuitr - 1 10 and receive circuitry 1 15 may each be coupled with one or more antennas.
  • the control circuitry 105 may be adapted to perform operations associated with wireless communications using carrier aggregation.
  • the transmit circuitry 1 10 and receive circuitry 1 15 may be adapted to transmit and receive data, respectively.
  • the control circuitry 105 may be adapted or configured to perform various operations such as those described elsewhere in this disclosure related to a UE.
  • the transmit circuitry 1 10 may transmit a plurality of multiplexed uplink physical channels.
  • the plurality of uplink physical channels may be multiplexed according to time division multiplexing (TDM) or frequency division multiplexing (FDM) along with carrier aggregation.
  • the transmit circuitry 1 10 may be configured to receive block data from the control circuitry 105 for transmission across the air interface 190.
  • the receive circuitry 1 15 may- receive a plurality of multiplexed downlink physical channels from the air interface 190 and relay the physical channels to the control circuitry 105.
  • the uplink and downlink physical channels may be multiplexed according to FDM.
  • the transmit circuitry 1 10 and the receive circuitry 1 15 may transmit and receive both control data and content data (e.g. messages, images, video, et cetera) structured within data blocks that are carried by the physical channels.
  • FIG. 1 also illustrates the eNB 150 according to some embodiments.
  • the eNB 150 circuitry may include control circuitry 155 coupled with transmit circuitry 160 and receive circuitry 165.
  • the transmit circuitry 160 and receive circuitry 165 may each be coupled with one or more antennas that may be used to enable communications via the air interface 190.
  • the above circuitries of the eNB 150 can be included in a single device or a plurality of devices (e.g., cloud-RAN (C-RAN) implementations).
  • C-RAN cloud-RAN
  • the control circuitry 155 may be adapted to perform operations for managing channels and component carriers used with various UEs.
  • the transmit circuitry 160 and receive circuitry 165 may be adapted to transmit and receive data, respectively, to any UE connected to eNB 150.
  • the transmit circuitry 160 may transmit downlink physical channels comprised of a plurality of downlink subfrarnes.
  • the receive circuitry 165 may receive a plurality of uplink physical channels from various UEs including UE 101.
  • the plurality of uplink physical channels may be multiplexed according to FDM in addition to the use of carrier aggregation.
  • the communications across air interface 190 may use carrier aggregation, where multiple different component carriers 180, 185 can be aggregated to cany information between UE 101 and eNB 150.
  • Such component carriers may have different bandwidths, and may be used for uplink communications from UE 101 to eNB 150, downlink communications from eNB 150 to UE 101, or both.
  • MIMO information may be sent on channels using the same bandwidth but having a spatial separation. Combinations of different carriers may cover similar areas, or may cover different but overlapping sectors.
  • the radio resource control (RRC) connection between a UE and an eNB manages aspects of a connection between the UE and the eNB via various signaling discussed below to determine which carriers should be used.
  • CSI and CQI communications for example, determine which channels may provide the best performance among the available channels.
  • FIG. 2 then describes additional aspects of the operation of certain embodiments.
  • eNB 150 is illustrated as having an array of antennas on a tower, with multiple shaped beams 210 and 220 available to transmit data to UE 101.
  • each beam 210, 220 will transmit a beamformed reference signal that can be used by UE 101 to facilitate the connection between UE 101 and eNB 150.
  • Each beam may be shaped to track UE 101 through a certain cell area.
  • a particular eNB has an array of 90 antennas, with 9 antennas used for each beam, the eNB can use the 90 antennas to generate 10 beams.
  • one or more of the beams may be used to send communications to a particular UE.
  • Each beam may have one or more transmission angles, as well as an angular volume or a set of allowable ranges for the transmission angles.
  • beam 210 may be associated with a horizontal angle, which allows the antennas on a tower to track UE 101 as it moves across a coverage area horizontally (e.g. around the circle of the coverage area for eNB 150).
  • the single beam 210 may also be associated with a vertical angle that changes as a height of the UE 101 or a distance of UE 101 from the eNB 150 changes. For a fixed set of antennas that generate the single beam, this range will be limited. In other words, if UE 101 moves in a complete circle around the tower of eNB 150, beam 210 generated by a particular set of antenna elements cannot track the UE the entire way. Instead, the UE is passed to different beams or channels when the UE moves outside the area of coverage for a beam.
  • An eNB such as eNB 150 can schedule a best transmission beam. 210 and a surrounding transmission beam 220 within a Channel State Information (CSI) process.
  • the Antenna Ports (APs) e.g. the fixed address ports for each antenna out of all of the antennas of the eNB
  • transmitting the best beam for a CSI Reference Signal (CSI-RS) group may be explicitly configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • Examples of CSI processes and RRC signaling are described in various 3GPP releases such as 3GPP release 12 of March 6, 213 (SP-67). The CSI processes thus measure the performance of channels on particular beams using the beamformed reference signals transmitted by those beams.
  • RRC signaling may be used to select multiple beams for transmission of data from the eNB to the UE when quality thresholds are within certain parameters.
  • Different structures for the CSI processes may be used in different embodiments.
  • each beam may have separate CSI processes, and the eNB may configure a transmission beam index for each CSI-RS group in a CSI process by RRC signaling.
  • a beam refinement reference signal (BRRS) has been proposed in which the beam ppaatttteerrnn ffoorr BBRRRRSS aanndd tthhee UUEE aassssuummppttiioonn ffoorr bbeeaamm rreeffiinneemmeenntt aanndd sswwiittcchhiinngg uusseess wwiiddeerr ssuubbccaarrrriieerr ssppaacciinngg oorr ttiimmee ddoommaaiinn rreepplliiccaa wwaavveeffoorrmm.
  • the Zadoff-Chu sequence can be used to generate the BRRS signal.
  • the Zadoff-Chu sequence is a complex- valued mathematical sequence which, when applied to radio signals, gives rise to an electromagnetic signal of constant amplitude, whereby cyclically shifted versions of the sequence imposed on a signal result in zero correlation with one another at the receiver.
  • a generated Zadoff-Chu sequence that has not been shifted is known as a "root sequence".
  • each cyclic shift when viewed within the time domain of the signal, is greater than the combined propagation delay and multi- path delay-spread of that signal between the transmitter and receiver.
  • the same structure as section 5.1 .1 in 36.21 1 can be applied. Then the base se uence can be generated as follows.
  • N can be a constant value defined by the system, in one embodiment, N can be 8;
  • c(n) denotes a pseudo-random sequence defined by clause 7.2 in the 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 36.21 1 , which can be generated based on ceil
  • PN sequence For a PN sequence, only r(m) needs to be transmitted without applying phase rotation.
  • the design can be very similar to eRAT CSI-RS.
  • pseudo-random sequences are defined by a length-31 Gold sequence.
  • the sequence can be initialised with: c init - 2 10 (7 (n s + 1 ) + I + l) (2fy3 ⁇ 4* RS + 1) + 2N? RRS
  • n s denotes the slot number
  • ?1 ⁇ 23 ⁇ 4 s may be zero if the sequence for different antenna ports can be mapped to different subcarriers.
  • the base sequence can be generated as follows.
  • f p, u) and ,g(p, v) can be a hash table pre-defined by the system
  • nBRRs can set io zef0 if tne cyclic shift is not enabled.
  • the two hash table can be obtained by
  • N P RS can be the total number of BRRS subcarriers.
  • £7 can be 293 if N I BRRS __ 00.
  • the sequence may be mapped in the sequence starting with r BRRs( t° resource element (k,l) on antenna port/ according to
  • Vhere M RS can be tlie number of BRRS sequence in one symbol; T can be a fixed value, and in one embodiment, 7 7 can be 4;
  • /'here x can be a constant value.
  • x can be
  • A'gg denotes the total number of downlink resource blocks
  • the BRRS can be mapped to N t symbols a with repeated pattern, sequence, where N) can be defined by the system or indicated by the Downlink Control Information (DCI).
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a resource elements structure used for the BRRS according some embodiments.
  • the resource structure 310 comprises resource elements for one BRRS symbol.
  • Resource structure 310 comprises a plurality of subcarriers, one of which is expressly identified at 312.
  • Tlie resource structure and BRRS are used in accordance with the above definition, where R, such as 314 as one example, denotes the non-zero subcarriers and blank spaces, such as 316 as one example, denote zero subcarriers.
  • the resource mapping of the BRRS should confirm that each T subcarriers could have a non-zeros BRRS sequence. If a non-zero BRRS element would collide with, or essentially map to, the Direct Current (DC) position of the IFFT input 318, the non-zero BRRS subcarrier should be skipped.
  • DC Direct Current
  • variable x and T can be determined by the antenna port index. In one embodiment, for 8 antenna ports case, the variable x and T can be decided by table I . In this method, the cyclic shift may not be enabled for the sequence generation or maximum two cyclic shifts can be used in sequence generation.
  • Table 1 antenna port specific resource mapping variables indication
  • An Interleaved Frequency Domain Multiple Access (IFDMA) based signal generation for multiple antenna ports is also disclosed as discussed below.
  • This signal like the above BRRS, includes sequence generation and resource mapping.
  • the eNodeB (eNB) may maintain a number of transmitting (Tx) beams and the user equipment (UE) may keep a group of receiving (Rx) beams. For each Tx beam, it is desirable for the UE to search and determine the best Rx beam among the maintained Rx beams.
  • a time domain replica based signal with limited orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols may be used for the Rx beam searching, where each replica can be received with different Rx beam s .
  • the IFDMA method m ay be used to generate repeated time domain replicas of a signal within limited OFDM symbols.
  • different Tx beams may be applied to different antenna ports so that it can be easy to train or refine different Tx beams for different UEs in one subframe. Then how to generate the IFDMA signal with multiple antenna ports becomes a problem.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an Interleaved Frequency Division Multiplex Advanced (IDFMA) based signal pattern according to some embodiments.
  • the figure illustrates one example for a time domain replica signal pattern, where four (4) repeated "Signals", or signal replicas, 410, 420, 430, and 440 can be transmitted within one OFDM symbol.
  • FIG. 4 also illustrates a cyclic prefix, CP, preceding the signal replicas.
  • a cyclic prefix represents a guard period at the start of each OFDMA symbol and provides protection against multi-path delay spread.
  • the reference signal ⁇ £ ⁇ ; (7 ⁇ ) can be generated as follows.
  • n,n,("i) — (! - 2c(2m)) + y— (l - 2c(2m + 1)) v'2 v'2
  • n s is the slot number within a radio frame
  • / is the OFDM symbol number within the slot
  • c(n) denotes a pseudo-random sequence defined by clause 7.2 in 3GPP TS 36.21 1 , which can be generated based on cell ID, virtual cell ID, B RS ID or BRS group ID and subframe index or frame index or slot index as well as the symbol index.
  • sequences can be initialised with:
  • R p is provided by higher layers.
  • the reference signal sequence r, ns (iri) can be mapped to complex-valued modulation symbols aj ⁇ on antenna port p according to
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • JV r 3 ⁇ 4 denotes the total number of downlink resource blocks (RB);
  • N ⁇ C B indicates the subcarrier number per RB in downlink
  • ⁇ can be defined bv;
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating BRRS signal generation, including sequence generation and resource mapping in massive MIMO systems according to some embodiments.
  • a Zadoff-Chu sequence is used for sequence generation using a pseudo-random code as discussed.
  • the sequence is a function of slot number, cyclic shift, virtual cell ID, the number of antenna ports and an antenna-port-to-cyclic-shift mapping function where the cyclic shift is determined by a hash table as described above.
  • the Zadoff-Chu sequence is seen to be also a function of the n umber of BRRS subcarriers, and of f(p,u) and g(p.v) that are a hash table defined by the system or pre-defined by the LTE specification.
  • the sequence is mapped to resource elements on antenna ports as a function of the number of BRRS sequence replicas in one symbol, the total number of downlink resource blocks and the subcarrier number per resource block.
  • An example of a number of signal replicas in one symbol is seen generally in FIG. 4, discussed above
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating generation of repeated time domain signals within one symbol according to some embodiments.
  • a signal is generated for each slot and for each OFDM symbol number within each slot, by use of a pseudo-random sequence that is a function of one of cell ID, virtual ceil ID, BRRS ID or BRS group ID, and also as a function of one of subband index, frame index, slot index, or symbol index.
  • inventions may include UE such as phones, tablets, mobile computers, or other such devices. Some embodiments may be integrated circuit components of such devices, such as circuits implementing baseband or radio frequency- processing on an integrated circuitry. In some embodiments, functionality may be on a single chip or multiple chips in an apparatus. Some such embodiments may further include transmit and receive circuitry on integrated or separate circuits, with antennas that are similarly integrated or separate structures of a device. Any such components or circuit elements may similarly apply to evolved node B embodiments described herein. Additionally, every example described below is associated with corresponding operations of either an eNB or a UE, depending on the device described as part of the example.
  • Example 1 is an apparatus of an evolved Node B (eNB) configured to generate beam refinement reference signals associated with a plurality of antenna ports, the apparatus comprising: memory and signal generating circuitry configured to: generate, by at least one Zadoff-Chu sequence and at least one pseudo-random code sequence, at least one beam refmement reference signal (BRRS) comprising a sequence that is a function of signals from a layer higher than the physical (PHY) layer and of a slot number, and is mapped to a predetermined number of symbols with a repeated pattern and sequence.
  • eNB evolved Node B
  • BRRS beam refmement reference signal
  • Example 2 the subject matter of Example 2 optionally includes wherein the BRRS is generated as:
  • the virtual cell ID n £ N, B D RRS where N, B D RRS is provided by a higher layer than a physical (PHY) layer.
  • N is a constant value defined by the system
  • N ap is the number of antenna ports
  • nB S RR refers to the cyclic shift configured by the higher layer; n B cs RRS — ⁇ 0,1, — 2, N— 1 ⁇ , or is defined as a constant value of 0;
  • f(p, N) indicates an antenna port to the cyclic shift mapping function
  • c(n) denotes the pseudo-random code sequence.
  • Example 3 the subject matter of Example 2 optionally includes wherein the at least one pseudo-random code sequence can be initialized by:
  • Cinit 2 10 (7(n s + + l + + 1) + 2N? D RRS + 1
  • n s denotes the slot number
  • 3 ⁇ 4 f?f is rna s zero if the sequence for different antenna ports can be mapped to different subcarners.
  • Example 4 is an apparatus of an evolved Node B (eNB) configured to generate beam refinement reference signals associated with a plurality of antenna ports, the apparatus comprising: memory and signal generating circuitry configured to: generate, by at least one Zadoff-Chu sequence and at least one pseudo-random code sequence, at least one beam refinement reference signal (BRRS) comprising a sequence that is a function of a predefined hash table and a number of BRRS subcarriers, and is mapped to physical resources comprising a predetermined number of symbols with a repeated pattern and sequence.
  • eNB evolved Node B
  • BRRS beam refinement reference signal
  • Example 5 the subject matter of Example 4 optionally includes wherein the BRRS sequence is generated as:
  • f(p, u) and g(p, v) is the hash table and comprises a predefined two-hash table
  • n°BRRs can be set to zero if the cyclic shift is not enabled; the two hash table is obtained by
  • NMP RS is the total number of BRRS subcarriers.
  • Example 6 the subject matter of any one or more of Exampi
  • Msc R is the number of BRRS sequence in one symbol
  • T is a fixed value
  • ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ denotes the total number of downlink resource blocks
  • N R C B indicates the subcarrier number per RB in the downlink.
  • Example 7 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • Example 8 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • 1-7 optionally includes or 4 wherein x and T are determined by an antenna port index.
  • Example 9 the subject matter of Example 8 optionally includes wherein for eight antenna ports, x and T are determined as:
  • Example 10 is one or more computer-readable hardware storage device having stored therein a set of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of an apparatus of an evolved Node B (eNB), causes the apparatus to generate and transmit radio signals by operations that configure the apparatus to: generate, by at least one Zadoff-Chu sequence and at least one pseudo-random code sequence, at least one beam refinement reference signal (BRRS) comprising a sequence thai is a function of a predefined hash table and a number of BRRS subcarriers, and is mapped to physical resources comprising a predetermined number of symbols with a repeated pattern and sequence,
  • BRRS beam refinement reference signal
  • Example 11 the subject matter of Example 10 optionally includes wherein the BRRS sequence is generated as:
  • f(p, ) and g(p, v) is the hash table and comprises a predefined two-hash table
  • U denotes the total root sequence number of f u v (m), and Njc ⁇ is the total number of BRRS subcarriers.
  • Example 12 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • 10- 1 1 optionally includes wherein respective ones of the plurality of antenna ports are configured with different cyclic shifts for BRRS sequence generation.
  • Example 13 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • 10-12 optionally includes wherein respective ones of the plurality of antenna ports are configured by use of respectively different ones of the at least one Zadoff-Chu sequence.
  • Example 14 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • 10- 13 optionally includes wherein respective ones of the plurality of antenna ports are configured by use of respectively different ones of the at least one Zadoff-Chu sequence and respectively different cyclic shifts.
  • Example 15 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • 10-14 optionally includes wherein the BRRS sequence is mapped to a resource grid with a fixed subcarner interval.
  • Example 6 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • BRRS sequence is mapped to physical resources from a first subcarner.
  • Example 17 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • 10-16 optionally includes optionally includes wherein the BRRS sequence comprises a first half of the BRRS sequence and a second half of the BRRS sequence, and wherein the first half and the second half are mapped to physical resources with the same fixed subcarner interval.
  • Example 18 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • Example 19 optionally includes wherein a starting subcarrier index for the second half of the BRRS sequence is calculated based on a subcarrier index of the first half of the BRRS sequence, the fixed subcarrier interval and a direct cunent (DC) position.
  • a starting subcarrier index for the second half of the BRRS sequence is calculated based on a subcarrier index of the first half of the BRRS sequence, the fixed subcarrier interval and a direct cunent (DC) position.
  • 10-18 optionally includes wherein a single transmitting beam is applied to each of a plurality of the repeated pattern and sequence within one orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol of the predetermined number of symbols.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexed
  • Example 20 the subject matter of Example 10-19 optionally includes wherein the BRRS sequence is generated based on a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) sequence generated by a pseudo-random code sequence initialized with a cell ID, a virtual cell ID, a BRRS ID or a beam reference signal (BRS) group ID and a subframe index, a frame index, a slot index or a symbol index.
  • QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
  • Example 21 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • 10-20 optionally includes wherein the fixed subcarrier interval and a first subcarrier index is determined by at least one of the plurality of antenna ports.
  • Example 22 is an apparatus of an evolved Node B (eNB) configured to generate interleaved frequency division multiple access (IFDMA) based signals associated with a plurality of antenna ports, the apparatus comprising: memory and signal generating circuitry configured to generate the IFDM A based signals as a reference signal sequence generated by use of at least one pseudo-random code sequence that is generated based on cell ID, virtual cell ID, beam refinement reference signal (BRRS) ID or beam reference signal (BRS) group ID, and subframe index, frame index, slot index or symbol index.
  • eNB evolved Node B
  • IFDMA interleaved frequency division multiple access
  • Example 23 the subject matter of Example 22 optionally includes where the BRRS sequence is generated as:
  • / is an OFDM symbol number within the slot
  • c(n) is a pseudo-random code sequence which can be generated based on cell ID, virtual cell ID, beam refinement reference signal (BRRS) ID or beam reference signal (BRS) group ID, and subframe index, frame index, slot index or symbol index.
  • BRRS beam refinement reference signal
  • BRS beam reference signal
  • R p is provided by a higher layer than a physical (PHY) layer.
  • Example 25 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 22-24 optionally includes wherein the reference signal sequence is mapped to complex-valued modulation symbols a _(k,l) A ((p)) on antenna port p of the plurality of antenna ports according to
  • T denotes a number of repeated signals in one symbol, and is predefined by the LTE specification or configured by a higher layer than physical (PHY) layer signaling or Downlink Control Information (DCI);
  • PHY physical
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • N p indicates the number of Antenna Ports (APs); p E ⁇ 0,1, ... , Np, N p — 1 ⁇ is the AP index: and
  • A3 ⁇ 4 j denotes the total number of downlink resource blocks (RB);
  • Nsc B indicates the subcarrier number per RB in the downlink
  • ⁇ is defined bv: ⁇ - ⁇ , '"SB J v sc
  • Example 26 the subject matter of Examples 22-25 optionally includes wherein a fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm is used for computation, the FFT size used for each symbol is small, and the symbol structure is an IFDMA structure with four time subcamer spacings.
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • Example 27 the subject matter of Examples 22-26 undefined optionally includes wherein an FFT size of 256-point FFT or 1 ⁇ 4 of FFT size is used for at least one physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).
  • PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
  • Example 28 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • pseudo-random, code sequence comprises a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) sequence.
  • QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
  • Example 29 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • the IFDMA based sequence is mapped to a resource grid with a fixed subcamer interval determined by a number of time domain replica signals in one symbol and the number of the plurality of antenna ports.
  • Example 30 the subject matter of Examples 22-29 optionally includes wherein a starting subcamer index of the IFDMA based sequence for each of the plurality of antenna ports is determined by an antenna port index.
  • Example 31 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • the IFDMA based sequence comprises a first half sequence and a second half of the sequence, and the starting subcarrier index for the second half of IFDMA based sequence is determined by the number of time domain replica signals in one symbol and the number of antenna ports.
  • Example 32 is an apparatus of an evolved Node B (eNB) for generating beam refinement reference signal sequences, the apparatus comprising: means for generating, by at least one Zadoff-Chu sequence and at least one pseudo-random code sequence, at least one beam refinement reference signal (BRRS) comprising a sequence that is a function of a predefined hash table and a number of BRRS subcarriers, and is mapped to physical resources comprising a predetermined number of symbols with a repeated pattern and sequence.
  • eNB evolved Node B
  • BRRS beam refinement reference signal
  • rBRRs( m ) e N r r(p,u),9(p,v) ( n)
  • f(P> u ) and g( > > v ) is the i iasn table and comprises a pre-defined two-hash table
  • nB ⁇ RRs can ⁇ ⁇ set to zero if the cyclic shift is not enabled; the two hash table is obtained by
  • U denotes the total root sequence number of f UiV (rri), and ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ?5 is the total number of BRRS subcarriers.
  • Example 34 the subject matter of Example 32 optionally includes means for generating the BRRS sequence wherein respective ones of a plurality of antenna ports are configured with different cyclic shifts for BRRS sequence generation.
  • Example 35 the subject matter of Example 32 optionally includes means for generating the BRRS sequence wherein respective ones of a plurality of antenna ports are configured by use of respectively different ones of the at least one Zadoff-Chu sequence.
  • Example 36 the subject matter of Example 32 optionally includes means for configuring respective ones of the plurality of antenna ports by use of respectively different ones of the at least one Zadoff-Chu sequence and respectively different cyclic shifts.
  • Example 37 the subject matter of Example 32 optionally includes means for mapping the BRRS sequence to a resource grid with a fixed subcarrier interval.
  • Example 38 the subject matter of Example 32 optionally includes means for mapping the BRRS sequence to physical resources from a first subcarrier.
  • Example 39 the subject matter of Example 38 optionally includes, for a BRRS sequence comprising a first half of the BRRS sequence and a second half of the BRRS sequence, mapping the first half and the second half to physical resources with the same fixed subcarner interval ,
  • Example 40 the subject matter of Example 39 optionally includes means for starting a subcarner index for the second half of the BRRS sequence by calculation based on a subcamer index of the first half of the BRRS sequence, the fixed subcarrier interval, and a direct current (DC) position.
  • DC direct current
  • Example 41 the subject matter of Example 40 optionally includes means for applying a single transmitting beam, to each of a plurality of the repeated pattern and sequence within one orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol of the predetermined number of symbols.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexed
  • Example 42 the subject matter of Example 32 optionally includes means for generating the BRRS sequence based on a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) sequence generated by a pseudo-random code sequence initialised with a cell ID, a virtual cell ID, a BRRS ID or a beam reference signal (BRS) group ID and a subframe index, a frame index, a slot index or a symbol index.
  • QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
  • Example 43 the subject matter of Example 39 optionally includes means for determining the fixed subcarrier interval and a first subcarrier index by at least one of the plurality of antenna ports.
  • any of the examples detailing further implementations of an element of an apparatus or medium may be applied to any otlier corresponding apparatus or medium, or may be implemented in conjunction with another apparatus or medium.
  • each example above may be combined with each other example m various ways both as implementations in a system and as combinations of elements to generate an embodiment from the combination of each example or group of examples.
  • any embodiment above describing a transmitting device will have an embodiment that receives the transmission, even if such an embodiment is not specifically detailed.
  • methods, apparatus examples, and computer readable medium examples may each have a corresponding example of the other type even if such examples for e ver - embodiment are not specifically detailed.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates aspects of a computing machine according to some embodiments. Embodiments described herein may be implemented into a system 700 using any suitably configured hardware and/or software.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates, for some embodiments, an example system 700 comprising radio frequency (RF) circuitry- 735, baseband circuitry 730, application circuitry 725, memory/storage 740, a display 705, a camera 720, a sensor 715, and an input/output (I/O) interface 710, coupled with each other at least as shown.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the application circuitry 725 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
  • the processor(s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g. , graphics processors, application processors, etc.).
  • the processors may be coupled with the memory/storage 740 and configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage 740 to enable various applications and/or operating systems running on the system 700.
  • the baseband circuitry 730 may include circuitry- such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
  • the processor(s) may include a baseband processor.
  • the baseband circuitry 730 may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry- 735.
  • the radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation, encoding, decoding, radio frequency- shifting, and the like.
  • the baseband circuitry 730 may- provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies.
  • the baseband circuitry 730 may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN), other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs), a wireless local area network (WLAN), or a wireless personal area network (WPAN).
  • EUTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
  • WMANs wireless metropolitan area networks
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WPAN wireless personal area network
  • Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 730 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi- mode baseband circuitry.
  • the baseband circuitry 730 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a baseband frequency.
  • the baseband circuitry 730 may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency.
  • the RF circuitry 735 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium.
  • the RF circuitry 735 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, and the like to facilitate the communication with the wireless network.
  • the RF circuitry 735 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a radio frequency.
  • the RF circuitry 735 may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency .
  • the transmitter circuitry or receiver circuitry discussed above with respect to the UE or eNB may be embodied in whole or in part in one or more of the RF circuitry 735, the baseband circuitry 730, and/or the application circuitry 725.
  • a baseband processor may be used to implement aspects of any embodiment described herein. Such embodiments may be implemented by the baseband circuitry 730, the application circuitry 725, and/or the memory/storage 740 may be implemented together on a system on a chip (SOC).
  • SOC system on a chip
  • the memory/storage 740 may be used to load and store data and/or instructions, for example, for the system 700.
  • the memory/storage 740 for one embodiment may include any combination of suitable volatile memory (e.g. , dynamic random access memory (DRAM)) and/or non-volatile memory (e.g. , flash memory).
  • suitable volatile memory e.g. , dynamic random access memory (DRAM)
  • non-volatile memory e.g. , flash memory
  • the I/O interface 710 may include one or more user interfaces designed to enable user interaction with the system 700 and/or peripheral component interfaces designed to enable peripheral component interaction with the system 700.
  • User interfaces may include, but are not limited to, a physical keyboard or keypad, a touchpad, a speaker, a microphone, and so forth.
  • Peripheral component interfaces may include, but are not limited to, a non- volatile rnernoiy port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an audio jack, and a power supply interface.
  • USB universal serial bus
  • the sensor 715 may include one or more sensing devices to determine environmental conditions and/or location information related to the system 700.
  • the sensors 715 may include, but are not limited to, a gyro sensor, an acceierometer, a proximity sensor, an ambient light sensor, and a positioning unit.
  • the positioning unit may also be part of, or interact with, the baseband circuitry 730 and/or RF circuitry 735 to communicate with components of a positioning network (e.g. , a global positioning system (GPS) satellite).
  • the display 705 may include a display (e.g., a liquid crystal display, a touch screen display, etc.).
  • the system 700 may be a mobile computing device such as, but not limited to, a laptop computing device, a tablet computing device, a netbook, an uitrabook, a smartphone, and the like.
  • the system 700 may have more or fewer components, and/or different architectures.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example UE, illustrated as a UE 800.
  • the UE 800 may be an implementation of the UE 61, the eNB 150, or any device described herein.
  • the UE 800 can include one or more antennas 808 configured to communicate with a transmission station, such as a base station (BS), an eNB, or another type of wireless wide area network (WAN) access point.
  • the UE 800 can be configured to communicate using at least one wireless communication standard including 3 GPP LTE, WiMAX, High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Bluetooth, and WiFi .
  • the UE 800 can communicate using separate antennas for each wireless communication standard or shared antennas for multiple wireless communication standards.
  • Hie UE 800 can communicate in a WLAN, a WPAN, and/or a WWAN.
  • FIG. 8 also shows a microphone 820 and one or more speakers 812 that can be used for audio input and output to and from, the UE 800.
  • a display screen 804 can be a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, or another type of display screen such as an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display.
  • the display screen 804 can be configured as a touch screen.
  • the touch screen can use capacitive, resistive, or another type of touch screen technology.
  • An application processor 814 and a graphics processor 818 can be coupled to an internal memory 816 to provide processing and display capabilities.
  • a non-volatile memory port 810 can also be used to provide data I/O options to a user.
  • the non-volatile memory port 810 can also be used to expand the memory capabilities of the UE 800.
  • a keyboard 806 can be integrated with the UE 800 or wirelessly connected to the UE 800 to provide additional user input.
  • a virtual keyboard can also be provided usmg the touch screen.
  • a camera 822 located on the front (display screen) side or the rear side of the UE 800 can also be integrated into the housing 802 of the UE 800.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example user equipment including aspects of wireless communication systems according to some embodiments, Illustrated are example components of a UE device 900 according to some embodiments.
  • the UE device 900 may include application circuitry 902 (APP'N), baseband circuitry 904, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 906, front-end module (FEM) circuitr ⁇ ' 908, and one or more antennas 910, coupled together at least as shown.
  • the UE device 900 may include additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, and/or input/output (I/O) interface.
  • the application circuitry 902 may include one or more application processors.
  • the application circuitry 902 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
  • the processors may include any combination of general -purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g. , graphics processors, application processors, etc.).
  • the processors may be coupled with and/or may include memory/storage and may ⁇ be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system .
  • the baseband circuitry 904 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
  • the baseband circuitry 904 may include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 906 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 906.
  • Baseband processing circuity 904 may interface with the application circuitry 902 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 906.
  • the baseband circuitry 904 may include a second generation (2G) baseband processor 904a, third generation (3G) baseband processor 904b, fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 904c, and/or other baseband processor(s) 904d for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., 5G, 6G, etc.).
  • the baseband circuitry 904 e.g., one or more of baseband processors 904a-d
  • the radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc.
  • modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband Circuitr - 904 may include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), preceding, and/or constellation mapping/demapping functionality.
  • FFT Fast-Fourier Transform
  • encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 904 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality.
  • LDPC Low Density Parity Check
  • the baseband circuitry 904 may include elements of a protocoi stack such as, for example, elements of an EUTRAN protocoi including, for example, physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and/or RRC elements.
  • a central processing unit (CPU) 904e of the baseband circuitry 904 may be configured to run elements of the protocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP and/or RRC layers.
  • the baseband circuitry may include one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 904f.
  • DSP audio digital signal processor
  • the audio DSP(s) 904f may be include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments.
  • Components of the baseband circuitry' may be suitably combmed in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments.
  • some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 904 and the application circuitry 902 may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).
  • SOC system on a chip
  • the baseband circuitry 904 may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies.
  • the baseband circuitry 904 may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and/or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN).
  • EUTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
  • WMAN wireless metropolitan area networks
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WPAN wireless personal area network
  • multi-mode baseband circuitry Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 904 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol.
  • RF circuitry 906 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium.
  • the RF circuitry 906 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etcetera to facilitate the communication with the wireless network.
  • RF circuitry 906 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 908 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 904.
  • RF circuitry 906 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals prov ided by the baseband circuitry 904 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 908 for transmission.
  • the RF circuitry 906 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 906 may include mixer circuitry 906a (MIX), amplifier circuitry 906b (AMP) and filter circuitry 906c (FILTER).
  • the transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 906 may include filter circuitry 906c and mixer circuitry 906a.
  • RF circuitry 906 may also include synthesizer circuitrv' 906d (SY ) for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 906a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path.
  • the mixer circuitry 906a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 908 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 906d.
  • the amplifier circuitry 906b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 906c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (EPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals.
  • Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry 904 for further processing.
  • the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement.
  • mixer circuitry 906a of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 906a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-con vert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 906d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 908.
  • the baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 904 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 906c.
  • the filter circuitry 906c may include a low-pass filter (LPF), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 906a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 906a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down conversion and/or up conversion respectively.
  • the mixer circuitr ' 906a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 906a of the transmit signal path may- include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g. , Hartley image rejection).
  • the mixer circuitry 906a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 906a may be arranged for direct down conversion and/or direct up conversion, respectively.
  • the mixer circuits" ⁇ 7 906a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 906a of the transmit signal path may be configured for super-heterodyne operation.
  • the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals.
  • the RF circuitry 906 may include analog- to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 904 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 906.
  • ADC analog- to-digital converter
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • a separate radio IC circuitry may ⁇ be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 906d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+l synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable.
  • synthesizer circuitr ' 906d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 906d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 906a of the RF circuitry 906 based on a frequency input and a divider control input.
  • the synthesizer circuits" ⁇ ' 906d may be a fractional N/N+l synthesizer.
  • frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement.
  • VCO voltage controlled oscillator
  • Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 904 or the applications processor 902 depending on the desired output frequency.
  • a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 902.
  • Synthesizer circuitry 906d of the RF circuitry 906 may include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator.
  • the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA).
  • the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or +1 (e.g., based on a cam' out) to provide a fractional division ratio.
  • the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop.
  • the delay elements may be configured to break a V CO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line.
  • Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line.
  • synthesizer circuitry 906d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g. , twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each oilier.
  • the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLQ).
  • the RF circuitry 906 may include an IQ/polar converter.
  • FEM circuitry 908 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 910, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 906 for further processing.
  • FEM circuitry 908 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitr - configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 906 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 910.
  • the FEM circuitry 908 may include a
  • the FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include a low-noise amplifier (L A) to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g. , to the RF circuitry 906).
  • the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 908 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 906), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g. , by one or more of the one or more antennas 910.
  • PA power amplifier
  • the UE 900 comprises a plurality of power saving mechanisms. If the UE 900 is in an RRC_Connected state, where it is still connected to the eNB as it expects to receive traffic shortly, then it may enter a state known as Discontinuous Reception Mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, the device may power down for brief intervals of time and thus save power.
  • DRX Discontinuous Reception Mode
  • the UE 900 may transition off to an R RC i le state, where it disconnects from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc.
  • the UE 900 goes into a very low power state and it performs paging where again it periodically wakes up to listen to the network and then powers down again.
  • the device cannot receive data in this state, in order to receive data, it must transition back to RRC Connected state.
  • An additional power saving mode may allow a device to be unavailable to the network for periods longer than a paging interval (ranging from seconds to a few hours). During this time, the device is totally unreachable to the network and may power down completely. Any data sent during this time incurs a large delay and it is assumed the delay is acceptable.
  • the embodiments described above can be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmw are, and software.
  • Various methods or techniques, or certain aspects or portions thereof, can take the form of program code (/ ' . e. , instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as flash memory, hard drives, portable storage devices, read-only memory (ROM), RAM, semiconductor memoiy devices (e.g., EPROM, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memoiy (EEPROM)), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, and any other machine-readable storage medium or storage device wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer or networking device, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the various techniques.
  • program code / ' . e. , instructions
  • tangible media such as flash memory, hard drives, portable storage devices, read-only memory (ROM), RAM, semiconductor memoiy devices (e.g., EPROM, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memoiy (EEPROM)), magnetic
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example computer system machine which may be used in according to some embodiments. Illustrated is example computer system machine 1000 upon which any one or more of the methodologies herein discussed can be run, and which may be used to implement the eNB 150, the UE 61 , or any other device described herein. In various alternative embodiments, the machine operates as a standalone device or can be connected (e.g. , networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine can operate in the capacity of either a server or a client machine in server-client network environments, or it can act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environments.
  • the machine can be a personal computer (PC) that may or may not be portable (e.g., a notebook or a netbook), a tablet, a set-top box (STB), a gaming console, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone or smartphone, a web appliance, a network router, switch, or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • the example computer system, machine 1000 includes a processor
  • the computer system machine 1000 can further include a video display unit 1010, an alphanumeric input device 1012 (e.g. , a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 1014 (e.g. , a mouse).
  • a video display unit 1010, input device 1012, and UI navigation device 1014 are a touch screen display.
  • the computer system machine 1000 can additionally include a mass storage device 1 16 (e.g.
  • a drive unit e.g. , a drive unit
  • a signal generation device 1018 e.g. , a speaker
  • an output controller 1032 e.g. , a power management controller 1034
  • a network interface device 1020 which can include or operably communicate with one or more antennas 1030, transceivers, or other wireless communications hardware
  • sensors 1028 such as a GPS sensor, compass, location sensor, accelerometer, or other sensor.
  • the storage device 1 16 includes a machine-readable medium
  • the instructions 1024 can also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 1004, static memory 1006, and/or processor 1002 during execution thereof by the computer system machine 1000, with the mam memory 1004, the static memory 1006, and the processor 1 02 also constituting machine-readable media.
  • machine-readable medium 1022 is illustrated in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” can include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more instmctions 1024.
  • the term “machine -readable medium” shall also be taken to include any tangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures utilized by or associated with such instructions.
  • the instructions 1024 can further be transmitted or received over a communications network 1026 using a transmission medium via the network interface device 1020 utilizing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g. , hypertext transfer protocol HTTP).
  • transfer protocols e.g. , hypertext transfer protocol HTTP.
  • transmission medium shall be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such software.
  • Various techniques, or certain aspects or portions thereof, may take the form of program code (i.e. , instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, non-transitory computer readable storage media, or any other machine-readable storage medium wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the various techniques.
  • the computing device may include a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device.
  • the volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements may be a RAM, Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), flash drive, optical drive, magnetic hard drive, or other medium for storing electronic data.
  • the base station and mobile station may also include a transceiver module, a counter module, a processing module, and/or a clock module or timer module.
  • One or more programs that may implement or utilize the various techniques described herein may use an application programming interface (API), reusable controls, and the like. Such programs may be implemented in a high level procedural or object-oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, the program(s) may be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language, and combined with hardware implementations . [0122] Various embodiments may use 3GPP LTE/LTE-A, Institute of
  • An additional power saving mode may allow a device to be unavailable to the network for periods longer than a paging interval (ranging from. seconds to a few hours). During this time, the device is totally unreachable to the network and may power down completely. Any data sent during this time incurs a large delay and it is assumed the delay is acceptable.
  • Various methods or techniques, or certain aspects or portions thereof, can take the form of program code (i. e. , instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as flash memory, hard drives, portable storage devices, read-only memory (ROM), RAM, semiconductor memory devices (e.g. , EPROM, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, and any other machine-readable storage medium or storage device wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer or networking device, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the various techniques.
  • program code i. e. , instructions
  • tangible media such as flash memory, hard drives, portable storage devices, read-only memory (ROM), RAM, semiconductor memory devices (e.g. , EPROM, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, and any other machine-readable storage medium or storage device wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as
  • a component or module can be implemented as a hardware circuit comprising custom very-large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits or gate arrays, off-the-shelf semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or oilier discrete components.
  • VLSI very-large-scale integration
  • a component or module can also be implemented in programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic devices, or the like.
  • Components or modules can also be implemented in software for execution by various types of processors.
  • An identified component or module of executable code can, for instance, comprise one or more physical or logical blocks of computer instructions, which can, for instance, be organized as an object, procedure, or function. Nevertheless, the executabies of an identified component or module are not necessarily be physically located together, but can comprise disparate instructions stored in different locations which, when joined logically together, comprise the component or module and achieve the stated potpose for the component or module.
  • a component or m odule of executable code can be a single instruction, or many instructions, and can even be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across several memor - devices.
  • operational data can be identified and illustrated herein within components or modules, and can be embodied in any suitable form and organized within any suitable type of data structure. The operational data can be collected as a single data set, or can be distributed over different locations including over different storage devices, and can exist, at least partially, merely as electronic signals on a system or network.
  • the components or modules can be passive or active, including agents operable to perform desired functions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système de génération de signaux de référence de raffinement de faisceau transmis au moyen d'antennes de transmission à entrées multiples et sorties multiples (MIMO) massives, le (BRRS) comprenant une pluralité de répliques répétées d'un signal dans un symbole multiplexé par répartition orthogonale de la fréquence (OFDM). Le BRRS peut être généré par une séquence de Zadoff-Chu qui utilise un code pseudo-aléatoire, le BRRS dépendant d'un nombre de tranches, d'un décalage cyclique, d'un identifiant de cellule virtuelle, du nombre de ports d'antenne, et d'une fonction de mappage de port d'antenne à décalage cyclique, le décalage cyclique étant déterminé par une table de hachage. La pluralité de répliques de signal répétées peut être généré par une pluralité d'antennes de transmission configurées chacune pour commander une pluralité de ports d'antenne, et un circuit de génération de signaux couplé aux antennes de transmission et configuré pour générer des signaux basés sur un accès multiple par répartition en fréquence entrelacée (IFDMA) via la pluralité de ports d'antenne.
PCT/US2016/025144 2015-12-08 2016-03-31 Génération de signaux de référence de raffinement de faisceau WO2017099836A1 (fr)

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US201562264747P 2015-12-08 2015-12-08
US62/264,747 2015-12-08
US201562266169P 2015-12-11 2015-12-11
US62/266,169 2015-12-11

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US20210409968A1 (en) * 2020-06-26 2021-12-30 Qualcomm Incorporated Beam refinement reference signal before paging dci reception
WO2022087766A1 (fr) * 2020-10-26 2022-05-05 Qualcomm Incorporated Acquisition d'informations d'état de canal pour techniques à entrées multiples et sorties multiples holographiques

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CN112119596A (zh) * 2018-07-02 2020-12-22 三星电子株式会社 波束成形方法及其电子设备
US20210409968A1 (en) * 2020-06-26 2021-12-30 Qualcomm Incorporated Beam refinement reference signal before paging dci reception
US11729632B2 (en) * 2020-06-26 2023-08-15 Qualcomm Incorporated Beam refinement reference signal before paging DCI reception
WO2022087766A1 (fr) * 2020-10-26 2022-05-05 Qualcomm Incorporated Acquisition d'informations d'état de canal pour techniques à entrées multiples et sorties multiples holographiques

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