WO2017096935A1 - 一种快速频道切换方法、服务器及iptv系统 - Google Patents

一种快速频道切换方法、服务器及iptv系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017096935A1
WO2017096935A1 PCT/CN2016/094236 CN2016094236W WO2017096935A1 WO 2017096935 A1 WO2017096935 A1 WO 2017096935A1 CN 2016094236 W CN2016094236 W CN 2016094236W WO 2017096935 A1 WO2017096935 A1 WO 2017096935A1
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packet
audio
multicast
video
channel switching
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PCT/CN2016/094236
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English (en)
French (fr)
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徐雅晖
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to EP16872132.2A priority Critical patent/EP3373588B1/en
Publication of WO2017096935A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017096935A1/zh
Priority to US16/003,547 priority patent/US10645447B2/en

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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an IPTV technology, and in particular, to a fast channel switching method and a corresponding device applied to an IPTV system.
  • IP channel television (IPTV) multicast channel switching delay is an important part of the QoE (Quality of Experience, QoE).
  • the channel switching delay refers to the elapsed time from when the user controls the remote controller to initiate a channel switching request to when the screen of the requested channel appears on the television screen.
  • a fast channel switching method including: accessing a channel multicast group by an FCC server, Receiving the channel multicast packet, after receiving the fast channel switching request sent by the user equipment, adjusting the time interval between the audio and video packets in the channel multicast packet, and then adjusting the adjusted multicast packet by unicast
  • the method is sent to the user equipment, specifically, the time interval between the video packet in the channel multicast packet and the audio packet corresponding to the video packet is reduced.
  • the FCC server adjusts the channel multicast packet by first determining the video packet of the initial I frame that needs to be sent to the user equipment, and then obtaining the display time label of the video packet (PTS). And searching for the audio package corresponding to the video package according to the PTS of the video package, and then replacing the first audio package after the video package with the audio package.
  • the audio packet position corresponding to the video package is also moved forward, and the time interval between the video packet and the audio packet is reduced.
  • the FCC server further processes the subsequent audio packets of the audio package corresponding to the video packet in which the I frame is located. Specifically, the video packet of the I frame is determined first. Corresponding audio packet original location and location of the first audio packet after the video packet, and then calculating a forward interval of the audio packet corresponding to the video packet where the I frame is located according to the determined two locations, and then corresponding audio of the video packet Subsequent audio packets of the packet are advanced in the order of the advancement interval, replacing the audio packets at the forward position. In this way, the FCC server ensures that enough channel data is sent to the user equipment, so that the user terminal can smoothly switch to the channel multicast group to ensure the continuity of the channel play.
  • the second aspect provides a fast channel switching server, including: a receiving unit, a processing unit, and a sending unit, where the receiving unit is configured to receive a fast channel switching request sent by the user equipment, and the processing unit is configured to: in the channel multicast packet The time interval of the video packet and the audio packet is adjusted, and the sending unit is configured to send the channel multicast packet processed by the processing unit to the user equipment.
  • the fast channel switching server can reconfigure the channel multicast packet received from the channel multicast group, adjust the time interval of the video packet in the multicast packet and the corresponding audio packet, and receive the fast channel sent by the user equipment. After the handover request, the adjusted channel multicast packet is sent to the unicast mode.
  • the user equipment reduces the audio and video synchronization time of the user equipment and improves the channel switching speed.
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to perform the step of generating the adjustment message and the connection message in the fast channel switching method.
  • the fourth aspect provides a user equipment, including: a sending unit, configured to send a fast channel switching request to the FCC server, where the receiving unit is configured to receive the original channel multicast report that is sent by the FCC server according to the fast channel switching request.
  • the adjustment packet after the time interval adjustment of the audio packet and the video packet in the text, and the processing unit, configured to parse and play the adjustment packet.
  • the sixth aspect provides an IPTV system, comprising: a fast channel switching server according to the second or third aspect, further comprising a content providing system, after the channel switching server accesses the channel multicast group, The channel media content is multicast to the channel switching server through the multicast message.
  • a fast channel switching server according to the second or third aspect, further comprising a content providing system, after the channel switching server accesses the channel multicast group, The channel media content is multicast to the channel switching server through the multicast message.
  • the user equipment as described in the fourth or fifth aspect may also be included.
  • the FCC server after receiving the channel multicast stream, the FCC server adjusts the time interval of the audio and video sent to the single user unicast stream, and when the FCC server receives the fast channel of the user equipment After the handover request, the time interval between the audio packet and the video packet in the channel multicast packet is adjusted, and then sent to the user equipment in a fast manner, thereby reducing the audio and video synchronization time of the user equipment and improving the channel switching speed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a signaling interaction diagram of a fast channel switching method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a method for adjusting a multicast packet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is applied to an IPTV service
  • the IPTV service system includes at least a head end device 101, an access device 102, an FCC server 103, and a user equipment 104.
  • the function of the head end device 101 is to obtain the media content of the channel from the external content source, and convert it into a media file or a media stream that meets the requirements of the IPTV service format through compression encoding processing.
  • the access device is configured to obtain a media file or a media stream of the channel from the head end device and provide the same to the user equipment
  • the FCC server 103 is configured to continuously buffer (short-time) the multicast stream of all channels, support fast channel switching, and the FCC server will cache.
  • the multicast stream is sent to the user equipment 104 in unicast mode to reduce the delay effect during the multicast handover process and implement fast channel switching.
  • the user equipment 104 is configured to apply for joining the multicast group to the access device through the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP), obtain the live media stream from the access device, and obtain the channel media from the FCC server by using the unicast mode. Streams are used for fast channel switching.
  • the IPTV system may further include a scheduling device, configured to record an FCC server address, and provide the user equipment with an FCC server address corresponding to the channel.
  • the user equipment may be a conventional set top box, or a smart set top box, or a smart TV integrated with a set top box function, or other smart terminal device, or refer to the general purpose computer device of FIG. 2.
  • the FCC server can be a computer device as shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the computer device 200 includes at least one processor 201, a communication bus 202, a memory 203, and at least one communication interface 204.
  • the processor 201 can be a general purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of the program of the present invention.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • Communication bus 202 can include a path for communicating information between the components described above.
  • the communication interface 204 uses devices such as any transceiver for communicating with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, Radio Access Network (RAN), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), and the like.
  • RAN Radio Access Network
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Networks
  • processor 201 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG.
  • computer device 200 may also include an output device 205 and an input device 206.
  • Output device 205 is in communication with processor 201 and can display information in a variety of ways.
  • the output device 205 can be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display device, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device, or a projector.
  • Input device 206 is in communication with processor 201 and can accept user input in a variety of ways.
  • input device 206 can be a mouse, keyboard, touch screen device or sensing device, and the like.
  • the computer device 200 described above can be a general purpose computer device or a special purpose computer device.
  • the computer device 200 can be a desktop computer, a portable computer, a network server, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile phone, a tablet, a wireless terminal device, a communication device, an embedded device, or have FIG. A device of similar structure.
  • Embodiments of the invention do not limit the type of computer device 200.
  • the FCC server in FIG. 1 may be the device shown in FIG. 2, and one or more software modules are stored in the memory of the FCC server 103.
  • the FCC server 103 can implement the software module through the processor and the program code in the memory to implement fast channel switching.
  • the user equipment in FIG. 1 can also be the device shown in FIG. 2, and the user equipment 104 can implement the software module through the processor and the program code in the memory to implement fast channel switching.
  • STB Set Top Box
  • the STB determines, if the FCC server address corresponding to the target channel is not cached, sends an FCC request to the scheduling server in the form of an RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) message; if the STB has an FCC server address corresponding to the cached channel, the STB Step 105 is executed to initiate an FCC request to the FCC Server in the form of an RTCP message, where RTP refers to a Real-time Transport Protocol.
  • RTCP RTP Control Protocol
  • the scheduling server When the scheduling server receives the FCC request initiated by the STB, the scheduling server selects an appropriate FCC Server address and returns an FCC request response message.
  • the STB records the FCC server address corresponding to the channel returned by the scheduling server.
  • the STB initiates a fast channel switching FCC request to the FCC Server in the form of an RTCP message.
  • the FCC Server sends the multicast packet to the live broadcast point. After the multicast packet received by the FCC server is synchronized with the unicast packet sent, the multicast and unicast are synchronized, and the STB is notified to join the multicast.
  • the STB receives the multicast packet of the first target channel from the access device.
  • the STB notifies the FCC Server that the multicast stream has been received, and informs the first multicast packet sequence number.
  • the FCC Server receives and records the first multicast packet sequence number, and then pushes the unicast packet. After the sequence number is stopped, the FCC process ends.
  • the idea of the solution of the present invention is that after receiving the channel multicast stream, the FCC server adjusts the time interval of the audio and video sent to the unicast stream of the single user.
  • the FCC server receives the fast channel switching of the user equipment, After the request, the time interval between the audio packet and the video packet in the channel multicast packet is adjusted, and then sent to the user equipment in a fast manner, thereby reducing the audio and video synchronization time of the user equipment and improving the channel switching speed.
  • the FCC server decapsulates the RTP packet into a TS packet, and records a Presentation Time Stamp (PTS) of each TS packet, and the PTS is used to indicate the display.
  • PTS Presentation Time Stamp
  • STD System Target Decoder
  • the FCC server determines an I frame sent to the user, finds an audio TS packet similar to the PTS according to the PTS of the I frame, and advances the audio TS packet to the I frame.
  • the video packet is the most recent audio packet location, and the video TS packet and the audio TS packet are reassembled into an RTP message and sent to the set top box to ensure that the audio and video PTS of the code stream received by the set top box are substantially equal.
  • the FCC server restores the RTP packets adjusted by the audio and video, and restores the unicast data of the user to the RTP packet of the multicast stream. The FCC then notifies the set-top box to exit the unicast and join the multicast service.
  • FIG. 4 is a signaling interaction diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the signaling interaction between devices is as follows:
  • the STB sends an IGMP LEAVE message to the access device, and leaves the multicast group of the current channel.
  • the STB determines that if the FCC server address corresponding to the target channel is not cached, the FCC request is sent to the scheduling server in the form of an RTCP message. If the STB has the FCC server address corresponding to the cached target channel, step 206 is performed directly, and the FCC is used by the FCC server. The FCC request is initiated in the form of a message.
  • the STB records an FCC server address corresponding to the channel returned by the scheduling server.
  • the FCC Server adjusts and reassembles the time interval of the audio packet and the video packet in the multicast packet received by the multicast group to generate an adjustment packet.
  • the FCC Server adjusts and reassembles the time interval of the audio packet and the video packet in the multicast packet received by the multicast group to generate an adjustment packet.
  • the FCC Server sends the adjusted audio and video packet to the STB, that is, adjusts the packet.
  • the FCC Server replaces the audio packet in the multicast packet received by the multicast group with an empty packet to generate a connection packet.
  • the specific generation method refer to the description in Figure 5-6.
  • the FCC Server sends a connection message to the STB.
  • the FCC Server restores the unicast packet to the original multicast sequence packet.
  • the FCC Server sends a multicast original sequence packet to the STB.
  • the FCC Server sends the multicast packet to the live broadcast point. After the multicast packet received by the FCC server is synchronized with the unicast packet sent, the multicast and unicast are synchronized, and the STB is notified to join the multicast.
  • the STB receives the first multicast packet of the target channel from the access device.
  • the FCC Server continues to send a unicast stream to the STB until the first multicast packet sequence number corresponds to the data packet.
  • the FCC Server receives and records the first multicast packet sequence number, and then pushes the unicast packet. After the sequence number is stopped, the FCC process ends.
  • the PSI needs to send the video stream and the audio stream to the set top box, so that the set top box can decode the video stream and the audio stream according to the PSI.
  • PSI tables There are four main types of PSI tables: Program Association Table (PAT), Program Map Table (PMT), Network Information Table (NIT), and Conditional Access Table (CAT). ).
  • the main function of the program association table PAT is to provide, for each multiplexed transport stream, which programs, the number of programs, and the location of the program map table (PMT) of the corresponding program are included in the transport stream.
  • the length of the TS packet is fixed and is 188 bytes. Including sync byte (sync_byte) 0x47 and packet identification PID.
  • the PID is a 13-bit field indicating the type of data stored in the packet payload. The PID can determine whether the data type of the payload behind it is a video stream, an audio stream, a PSI, or other data packet.
  • TS packets 1, 2, 5, 6, 13, 17, 21 are non-audio messages (video messages, etc.), and TS packets 4, 8, 10, 11, 14, 18 are audio messages.
  • the packet 2 is the I frame data, and the packet 18 is the audio packet corresponding to the packet 2.
  • Phase 1 Send an adjustment message of the adjustment period to the STB;
  • Phase 3 Send the original multicast sequence message to the STB.
  • the original audio and video time interval of the target channel is M milliseconds (typically about 800 milliseconds), and the time interval is also the difference between the video packet PTS and the first audio packet PTS after the video packet.
  • packet 2 is separated from packet 18 by M milliseconds, that is, the difference between PTS of packet 2 and packet 4 is M, and the adjusted audio and video interval is N milliseconds (typically about 100-200 milliseconds), M>N.
  • the FCC server needs to refer to the STB multicast join duration and the maximum audio and video interval difference to determine the I frame to be sent to the STB.
  • the position of the sent I frame is at least longer than the duration of the original audio and video interval, otherwise it cannot be Adjusting the corresponding audio frame of the I frame to the adjacent position of the I frame.
  • the FCC server pushes one or two Group of pictures (GOPs) according to the current received multicast message. For example, if the frame is cut in frame 1, the frame is pushed from frame 5.
  • the FCC server searches for an audio TS packet with the PTS time interval of the I frame within N milliseconds, and searches for the audio packet PTS and the I frame PTS within N milliseconds according to the PTS of the I frame.
  • the most recent audio packet of the frame that is, the audio packet corresponding to the I frame, as shown in the 18th package.
  • the FCC server will find that the audio packet corresponding to the I frame is forwarded to the first audio TS packet position after the I frame, and the original audio message is discarded at the position.
  • it is calculated how many TS packets of the packet identifier PID type are forwarded by the audio packet, and subsequent audio messages are sequentially moved forward, and the adjusted insertion position is the original audio in the TS packet.
  • the location of the TS package As shown in the figure, the 18th package Move forward to the original No. 4 package position, and the subsequent audio packs 22, 24, and 26 are sequentially moved to the position of the original 8, 10, and 11 packs. This method ensures that only the audio TS packets of the RTP packets change, and the other packet data does not change. And the adjusted position of the audio package and the position of the original audio package are one-to-one correspondence, and the adjustment manner is relatively simple.
  • phase 2 since the adjusted audio and video messages are consistent with the original multicast packets, it is necessary to restore the audio and video differences of N milliseconds to the audio and video differences of the original audio M milliseconds, and there is bound to be a phase of convergence.
  • phase 2 the audio TS packet is no longer forwarded.
  • the already adjusted audio packets are replaced with empty packets.
  • MN milliseconds
  • the maximum is (MN), so it is necessary to ensure that there are enough data as buffers in phases one and two, to ensure that the buffered data time in the phase one is enough to decode the STB at 1x speed before the end of the second audio frame. .
  • phase 3 after the FCC server sends the flow to the STB through the second phase, it completely switches to the channel multicast packet phase of the original audio and video interval. At this stage, the structure of the TS packet of the original multicast RTP packet is retained, and no adjustment is made. The subsequent notification STB joins the multicast, and the exit unicast process is consistent with the original process. After the STB goes offline for a few seconds, the FCC server destroys the sending queue of the channel of the user.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for adjusting an audio and video interval by an FCC server according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the following figure:
  • the method simplifies the three-stage process of the FCC server transmitting the unicast stream to the STB in the embodiment of FIG. 3, and the audio and video adjustment is placed in the channel granularity, and the FCC server copies the multicast packet received from each channel multicast group to 3.
  • the channel stream is adjusted for the time interval between the audio and video packets, and the audio packet is replaced with the empty packet and the original message that is not processed. There is no need to make separate audio and video adjustments for each user. Simply calculate the message sent by each user at the beginning of the three phases.
  • Phase 1 Insert a list queue from stream A, using stream A that adjusts the overtone video interval, as shown in the TS packets 1001-1701.
  • Phase 3 Insert a list queue from stream C, using stream C of the original audio and video sequence, as shown in TS packet 2104.
  • Time point of phase 1 switching phase 2 This time point is related to the transmission duration of phase 2.
  • the transmission time of phase 2 is calculated first, and the transmission time of phase 2 is ⁇ t/1.X. Then the minimum transmission duration of phase 1 needs to ensure that the STB is sufficient to buffer the data of ⁇ t, that is, the duration of ⁇ t/1.X.
  • the audio and video time interval adjustment method described above does not need to be separately adjusted for each user's received multicast stream, which reduces the computational complexity, reduces the computational burden of the FCC server, and improves the use efficiency.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, or an electrical, mechanical or other form of connection.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.
  • the integrated unit if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present invention contributes in essence or to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium.
  • a number of instructions are included to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like. .

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供了一种快速频道切换方法及快速频道切换服务器，快速频道切换服务器在收到用户设备的快速频道切换请求后，将频道组播报文中的视频包及对应的音频包间的时间间隔进行调整后发送给用户设备，减少用户设备在收到频道数据报文后音视频同步的时间，提升频道切换速度，提升用户体验。

Description

一种快速频道切换方法、服务器及IPTV系统
本申请要求于2015年12月10日提交中国专利局、申请号为201510918525.8、发明名称为“一种快速频道切换方法、服务器及IPTV系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及IPTV技术，尤其涉及一种应用于IPTV系统的快速频道切换方法及相应设备。
背景技术
IP电视(Internet Protocol Television，IPTV)组播频道切换时延是IPTV业务用户体验质量指标QoE(Quality of Experience，QoE)的重要组成部分。频道切换时延是指，从用户操控遥控器发起频道切换请求开始，到被请求频道的画面在电视屏幕上出现所经过的时间。
IPTV的频道切换和传统电视及数字电视有所不同，在传统的有线电视网络中，终端同时接收所有的频道信号，频道切换时间在0.5秒左右，数字电视的频道切换时间因有解码过程，较有线电视稍长，但一般也在1秒以内。IPTV受接入网的带宽限制，终端同时只能接收一路频道，而且，IPTV的频道切换过程需要复杂的网络信令交互，因此，IPTV组播频道切换时延累计会较长。
快速频道切换(Fast Channel Change，FCC)是一种由FCC服务器下发特制的以I帧为起始的单播节目流来提升频道切换时间的方法。通过在网络中部署FCC服务，可以回避等待I帧时间及网络信令交互时间，提升I帧传输速度，从而提高频道切换速度。
但是，终端在频道切换处理中，频道画面的播出依赖于视频包和对应的音频包都能收到，而现网频道直播流中音视频包间隔无法控制，对FCC快速频道切换的时延控制产生制约，加大了频道切换后目标频道正常播放(运动画面同时唇音同步)的时延，影响了用户体验。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种快速频道切换方法、设备及系统，减少用户设备音视频同步时间，提升频道切换速度。
一方面，提供一种快速频道切换方法，包括：FCC服务器接入频道组播组， 接收频道组播报文，在收到用户设备发送的快速频道切换请求后，将频道组播报文中的音频与视频包间的时间间隔进行调整后，将调整后的组播报文通过单播的方式发送给用户设备，具体的，是将频道组播报文中视频包与该视频包对应的音频包间的时间间隔减少。这样，用户设备从FCC服务器收到调整后的频道组播报文后，就能快速进行音视频同步，提升频道的切换速度，提升用户体验。
根据第一方面的第一实施方式中，FCC服务器调整频道组播报文具体方式是先确定需要发给用户设备的起始I帧所在的视频包，然后获取该视频包的显示时间标签(PTS)，根据该视频包的PTS向后查找与该视频包对应的音频包，然后用该音频包替换该视频包后的首个音频包。也即将该视频包对应的音频包位置前移，减少该视频包与该音频包的时间间隔。
根据第一方面第一实施方式的第二实施方式中，FCC服务器还将起始I帧所在视频包对应的音频包的后续音频包做相应的处理，具体的，先确定该I帧所在视频包对应的音频包的原始位置以及该视频包后第一个音频包的位置，然后根据确定的两个位置计算该I帧所在视频包对应的音频包的前移间隔，然后将视频包对应的音频包的后续音频包根据所述前移间隔顺序前移，替换前移位置处的音频包。这样，FCC服务器保证发送给用户设备足够多的频道数据，便于用户终端顺利切换至频道组播组，保证频道播放的连续性。
根据第一方面的第三实施方式中，FCC服务器在向用户设备发送完音视频时间间隔调整后的调整报文之后，在切换为原始频道组播报文之前，还需要向用户设备发送衔接报文，以避免音频包的重复发送，该衔接报文由FCC服务器将原始频道组播报文中的音频包替换为空包后生成。衔接报文的时长根据视频包对应的音频包时间前移间隔确定。该实施方式可以避免音频包的重发，减少了网络资源的消耗。
第二方面，提供一种快速频道切换服务器，包括：接收单元、处理单元以及发送单元，其中接收单元，用于接收用户设备发送的快速频道切换请求，处理单元，用于将频道组播报文中的视频包与音频包的时间间隔进行调整，发送单元，用于将所述处理单元处理过的频道组播报文发送给所述用户设备。该快速频道切换服务器能够将从频道组播组接收的频道组播报文进行重组处理，将组播报文中的视频包与对应的音频包的时间间隔进行调整，在收到用户设备发送的快速频道切换请求后，将调整重组后的频道组播报文通过单播的方式发给 用户设备，减少用户设备的音视频同步时间，提升频道切换速度。
具体的，处理单元具体可用于执行快速频道切换方法中的调整报文、衔接报文的生成步骤。
第三方面，提供另一种快速频道切换服务器，包括接收器、处理器、发射器以及存储器，存储器用于存储程序指令，处理器用于执行存储器存储的程序指令以实现如上所述的快速频道切换方法。
第四方面，提供一种用户设备，包括：发送单元，用于向FCC服务器发送快速频道切换请求,接收单元，用于接收所述FCC服务器基于所述快速频道切换请求发送的将原始频道组播报文中的音频包与视频包的时间间隔调整后的调整报文,处理单元，用于解析播放所述调整报文。
第五方面，提供一种用户终端，包括接收器、处理器、发射器以及存储器，存储器用于存储程序指令，处理器用于执行存储器存储的程序指令以实现如上所述的快速频道切换方法。
第六方面，提供一种IPTV系统，包括如第二或第三方面所述的一种快速频道切换服务器，还包括内容提供系统，用于在所述频道切换服务器接入频道组播组后，将频道媒体内容通过组播报文组播给所述频道切换服务器。可选的，还可以包括如第四或第五方面所述的用户设备。
本发明方案提供的快速频道切换方法、服务器及系统，FCC服务器在收到频道组播流后，调整发送给单个用户单播流中的音视频时间间隔，当FCC服务器收到用户设备的快速频道切换请求后，将频道组播报文中的音频包与视频包的时间间隔调整后通过快发的方式发送给所述用户设备，减少用户设备音视频同步时间，提升频道切换速度。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的应用场景示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的计算机设备示意图
图3为在现有IPTV业务中，实现快速频道切换信令交互图；
图4为本发明实施例的快速频道切换方法信令交互图；
图5为本发明实施例的组播报文调整方式示意图；
图6为本发明另一实施例的组播报文调整方式示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进一步描述。
图1是本发明实施例的应用场景示意图。
如图所示，本发明实施例应用于IPTV业务，该IPTV业务系统至少包括：头端设备101、接入设备102、FCC服务器103及用户设备104。头端设备101的作用是从外部内容源获取频道的媒体内容，经过压缩编码处理，转换为符合IPTV业务格式要求的媒体文件或媒体流。接入设备用于从头端设备获取频道的媒体文件或媒体流并提供给用户设备，FCC服务器103用于持续缓存(短时间)所有频道的组播流，支持频道快速切换，FCC服务器将缓存的组播流以单播形式发送给用户设备104，降低组播切换过程中的时延影响，实现频道快速切换。用户设备104用于通过网络组管理协议(Internet Group Management Protocol,IGMP)向接入设备申请加入组播组，从接入设备获取直播媒体流，还用于通过单播方式从FCC服务器获取频道媒体流用于频道快速切换。可选的，该IPTV系统还可以包括调度设备，用于记录FCC服务器地址，并向用户设备提供频道对应的FCC服务器地址。用户设备可以是传统的机顶盒，或者智能机顶盒，或集成机顶盒功能的智能电视，或者其他智能终端设备，也可以参考图2的通用计算机设备。FCC服务器可以是如图2所示的计算机设备。
图2所示为本发明实施例提供的计算机设备示意图。计算机设备200包括至少一个处理器201，通信总线202，存储器203以及至少一个通信接口204。
处理器201可以是一个通用中央处理器(CPU)，微处理器，特定应用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，或一个或多个用于控制本发明方案程序执行的集成电路。
通信总线202可包括一通路，在上述组件之间传送信息。所述通信接口204，使用任何收发器一类的装置，用于与其他设备或通信网络通信，如以太网，无线接入网(RAN)，无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Networks，WLAN)等。
存储器203可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(Compact Disc Read-Only Memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限 于此。存储器可以是独立存在，通过总线与处理器相连接。存储器也可以和处理器集成在一起。
其中，所述存储器203用于存储执行本发明方案的应用程序代码，并由处理器201来控制执行。所述处理器201用于执行所述存储器203中存储的应用程序代码。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，处理器201可以包括一个或多个CPU，例如图2中的CPU0和CPU1。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，计算机设备200可以包括多个处理器，例如图2中的处理器201和处理器208。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核(single-CPU)处理器，也可以是一个多核(multi-CPU)处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，计算机设备200还可以包括输出设备205和输入设备206。输出设备205和处理器201通信，可以以多种方式来显示信息。例如，输出设备205可以是液晶显示器(liquid crystal display，LCD),发光二级管(light emitting diode，LED)显示设备，阴极射线管(cathode ray tube，CRT)显示设备，或投影仪(projector)等。输入设备206和处理器201通信，可以以多种方式接受用户的输入。例如，输入设备206可以是鼠标、键盘、触摸屏设备或传感设备等。
上述的计算机设备200可以是一个通用计算机设备或者是一个专用计算机设备。在具体实现中，计算机设备200可以是台式机、便携式电脑、网络服务器、掌上电脑(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)、移动手机、平板电脑、无线终端设备、通信设备、嵌入式设备或有图2中类似结构的设备。本发明实施例不限定计算机设备200的类型。
如图1中的FCC服务器可以为图2所示的设备，FCC服务器103的存储器中存储了一个或多个软件模块。FCC服务器103可以通过处理器以及存储器中的程序代码来实现软件模块，实现快速频道切换。
如图1中的用户设备也可以为图2所示的设备，用户设备104可以通过处理器以及存储器中的程序代码来实现软件模块，实现快速频道切换。
在现有IPTV业务中，实现频道快速切换过程如图3所示，
301、用户通过遥控器发起目标频道切换请求后，机顶盒(Set Top Box,STB) 向接入设备发送IGMP LEAVE消息，离开当前频道的组播组。
302、STB判断如果没有缓存目标频道对应的FCC服务器地址，那么向调度服务器以RTP控制协议(RTP Control Protocol，RTCP)消息的形式发起FCC请求；如果STB有缓存频道对应的FCC服务器地址，那么STB执行步骤105，向FCC Server以RTCP消息的形式发起FCC请求，其中RTP指实时传输协议(Real-time Transport Protocol)。
303、调度服务器收到STB发起的FCC请求时，调度服务器选择合适的FCC Server地址，返回FCC请求响应消息。
304、STB记录调度服务器返回的频道对应的FCC服务器地址。
305、STB向FCC Server以RTCP消息的形式发起快速频道切换FCC请求。
306、FCC Server向STB返回快速频道切换FCC响应。
307、FCC Server从缓存Cache中的某个I帧开始向STB以快发速率发单播流；具体的，FCC Server根据当前组播报文状态，提前1到2个图像组(Group of picture，GOP)进行推送，GOP指一组IPB帧。比如，如果是在7号帧切台，则从5号或1号帧出开始推送。快发速率指单播包发送速率是组播包发送速率的倍速，比如1.5倍。之所以用较快速率，是为了单播推送可以赶上现有组播流的进度，从而触发单组播同步通知。这里的推送速率可以控制，以防止单播和组播同时发送，造成链路拥塞，导致丢包。
308、FCC Server快发到直播点，当FCC server收到的组播包和发出的单播包同步后，判断组播和单播已经同步，通知STB加入组播。
309、STB向接入设备发送IGMP Jion消息加入目标频道组播组。
310、STB从接入设备收到第一个目标频道的组播包。
311、STB通知FCC Server已经收到组播流，并告知第一个组播包序号。
312、FCC Server继续发单播流，直至第一个组播包序号对应的数据包。
FCC Server接收并记录第一个组播包序号，然后继续推送单播包，到此序号后停止推送，FCC过程结束。
上述频道快速切换方案中，由于FCC服务器从接入设备收到的组播流中，音频包与视频包的时间间隔无法控制，且当原始直播源音视频时间间隔较大的情况下，无法减少音视频同步时间，导致频道切换时间较长。
本发明方案思路在于FCC服务器在收到频道组播流后，调整发送给单个用户单播流中的音视频时间间隔，当FCC服务器收到用户设备的快速频道切换请 求后，将频道组播报文中的音频包与视频包的时间间隔调整后通过快发的方式发送给所述用户设备，减少用户设备音视频同步时间，提升频道切换速度。
具体的，FCC服务器从组播组接收到RTP报文后，将RTP报文解封装还原成TS包，并记录每个TS包的显示时间标签(Presentation Time Stamp,PTS)，PTS用于表明显示单元出现在系统目标解码器(System Target Decoder，STD)的时间，是由编码器定义的，为解码器规定某个单元的显示时间。当FCC服务器收到机顶盒频道切换请求时，确定发给用户的I帧，根据该I帧的PTS，找到与该PTS相近的音频TS包，并将该音频TS包前移至离该I帧所在的视频包最近的音频包位置，将视频TS包和音频TS包重新组合成RTP报文，并发送给机顶盒，以保证机顶盒收到的码流的音视频PTS基本相等。FCC服务器在保证发送足够数据后，进行音视频调整的RTP报文的衔接恢复，将用户单播数据恢复到与组播流的RTP报文一致。然后FCC通知机顶盒退出单播，加入组播服务。
下面结合结合图4对发明方案作进一步说明，图4为本发明实施例的信令交互图,如图所示,设备间的信令交互如下:
401、用户通过遥控器发起目标频道切换请求。
402、STB向接入设备发送IGMP LEAVE消息，离开当前频道的组播组。
403、STB判断如果没有缓存目标频道对应的FCC服务器地址，那么向调度服务器以RTCP消息的形式发起FCC请求，如果STB有缓存目标频道对应的FCC服务器地址，直接执行步骤206，向FCC Server以RTCP消息的形式发起FCC请求。
404、调度服务器收到STB发起的FCC请求时，调度服务器选择合适的FCC Server地址，返回FCC请求响应消息。
405、STB记录调度服务器返回的频道对应的FCC服务器地址。
406、STB向FCC Server以RTCP消息的形式发起FCC请求。
407、FCC Server向STB返回FCC响应。
408、FCC Server将从组播组接收的组播报文中音频包和视频包的时间间隔进行调整、重组，生成调整报文，具体调整重组方法参见图5-6的介绍。
409、FCC Server向STB发送调整重组后的音视频报文，即调整报文。
410、FCC Server将从组播组接收的组播报文中的音频报文替换成空包，生成衔接报文，具体生成方法可参考图5-6的介绍。
411、FCC Server向STB发送衔接报文。
412、FCC Server将单播报文恢复为组播原始序列报文。
413、FCC Server向STB发送组播原始序列报文。
414、FCC Server快发到直播点，当FCC server收到的组播包和发出的单播包同步后，判断组播和单播已经同步，通知STB加入组播。
415、STB向接入设备发送IGMP Jion消息加入目标频道组播组。
416、STB从接入设备收到目标频道的第一个组播包。
417、STB通知FCC Server已经收到组播流，并告知第一个组播包序号。
418、FCC Server继续向STB发单播流，直至第一个组播包序号对应的数据包.
FCC Server接收并记录第一个组播包序号，然后继续推送单播包，到此序号后停止推送，FCC过程结束。
如上所述的频道快速切换方法，FCC服务器将接收的频道组播报文，进行调整重组，将原始频道组播报文中的音频包和视频包的时间间隔进行调整减少，从而保证音视频包时间间隔可控，减少机顶盒音视频同步时间，提高频道切换速度，提升用户体验。
下面以图5为例，对本发明实施例中的组播报文调整方式作进一步说明。
首先，FCC服务器加入所有频道的组播组，接收所有频道的组播流，以目标频道为例，目标频道是指用户想要切换的频道。FCC服务器从接入设备接收目标频道的组播流，并缓存，组播流以RTP流的方式下发，该RTP流中包含若干个RTP包，每一个RTP包均有一个序列号SN(Sequence number)，每一个RTP包中又包含若干传送流(Transport Stream，TS)包，传送流由一道或多道节目组成,每道节目由一个或多个原始流和一些其他流复合在一起，包括视频流、音频流、节目特殊信息(Program Specific Information,PSI)流和其他数据包。其中PSI需要先于视频流与音频流发给机顶盒，便于机顶盒根据该PSI对视频流与音频流进行解码。PSI表主要有4种类型：节目关联表(Program Association Table，PAT)、节目映射表(Program Map Table,PMT)、网络信息表(Network Information Table,NIT)和条件访问表(Conditional Access Table，CAT)。节目关联表PAT的主要作用是针对复用的每一路传输流，提供传输流中包含哪些节目、节目的编号以及对应节目的节目映射表(PMT)的位置。节目映射表PMT指明该节目包含的内容，即该节目由哪些流组成，这些流的类型(音频、视频、数据)，以及组成该节目的流的位置，即对应的TS包的数据包标识PID值。条 件接收表CAT主要提供了在复用流中条件接收系统的有关信息，以及相关的参数。网络信息表NIT提供关于多组传输流和传输网络相关的信息，其中包含传输流描述符、通道频率、卫星发射器号码、调制特性等信息。
TS包的长度是固定的，为188字节。包括同步字节(sync_byte)0x47和数据包标识PID等。PID为13位字段，指示存储于分组有效负载中数据的类型，从PID可以判断其后面负载的数据类型是视频流、音频流、PSI还是其他数据包。
如图中所示TS包1，2，5，6，13，17，21为非音频报文(视频报文等)，TS包4，8，10，11，14，18为音频报文，其中包2为I帧数据，包18为包2对应的音频包。
FCC服务器在收到STB的FCC请求后，分三个阶段向STB发送音视频报文。
阶段一、向STB发送调整期的调整报文；
阶段二、向STB发送衔接期的衔接报文；
阶段三、向STB发送原始组播序列的报文。
阶段一中，设目标频道的原始音视频时间间隔为M毫秒(一般典型值为800毫秒左右)，该时间间隔也是视频包PTS与该视频包后的首个音频包PTS之间的差值，比如：包2与包18相隔M毫秒，也即包2与包4的PTS差值为M，调整后的音视频时间间隔为N毫秒(一般典型值为100-200毫秒左右)，M>N。首先，FCC服务器需要参考STB组播加入时长及最大音视频间隔差，确定向STB发送的I帧,发送的I帧的位置距离直播点的时长至少要大于原始音视频间隔的时长M，否则无法调整该I帧的对应的音频帧到该I帧的临近位置。例如：FCC服务器根据当前接收组播报文，往后1到2个图像组(Group of picture，GOP)进行推送。比如，如果是在1号帧切台，则从5号帧出开始推送。在确定好I帧后，FCC服务器查找与该I帧PTS时间间隔在N毫秒内的音频TS包，根据该I帧的PTS向后查找音频包PTS与该I帧PTS间隔N毫秒以内的离I帧最近的音频包，即与该I帧对应的音频包，如图中所示18号包。然后，FCC服务器将查找到与I帧对应的音频包前移到该I帧后的第一个音频TS包位置，该位置上原有的音频报文丢弃。在确认前移的位置间隔后，计算该音频包前移了多少个该数据包标识PID类型的TS包，后续的音频报文顺序前移，调整的插入位置为该TS包中的原来的音频TS包的位置。如图中所示，18号包 前移至原4号包位置，后续的音频包22，24，26顺序前移至原8，10，11号包的位置。该方式可保证RTP报文中，只有音频的TS包有变化，其他的报文数据不变。并且音频包调整后的位置和原始音频包的位置是一一对应的，调整方式相对简单。
在阶段二中，由于从调整的音视频报文到与原始组播包一致，需要将N毫秒的音视频差恢复到原始音频M毫秒的音视频差，必然会存在一个衔接的阶段。
在阶段二中，不再前移音频TS包，为了防止发送重复TS报文给STB，将已经调整过的音频包替换为空包。阶段二的时间段内，由于音频包都被空包替换，在这段时间内是无音频数据的，阶段二内视频帧对应音频数据需要在(M-N)毫秒后才能出现，及阶段二的时长最大为(M-N)，所以要保证阶段一和二有足够多的数据作为缓冲，保证阶段二结束后即新的音频帧到来前，阶段一过程中的缓冲数据时间足够STB的以1倍速解码播放。
阶段三中，FCC服务器通过阶段二向STB发流完毕后，完全切换为原始音视频间隔的频道组播报文阶段。该阶段，保留原有组播的RTP包的TS包的结构，不做任何调整。后续的通知STB加入组播，退出单播流程和原有流程一致。当STB下线数秒后，FCC服务器销毁该用户该频道的发包队列。
图6为本发明另一实施例中FCC服务器调整音视频间隔的方法示意图，如图所示：
该方法简化图3实施例中FCC服务器向STB发送单播流的三个阶段过程，将音视频调整放在频道粒度，FCC服务器将从每个频道组播组接收的组播报文复制为3条频道流，分别为音视频包间的时间间隔调整重组后的调整报文，音频包替换为空包的衔接报文以及不做处理的原始报文。而不需要对每个用户都单独的做音视频调整。只需计算每个用户在三个阶段的起始位置进行报文发送即可。
具体如下：
(1)FCC服务器按频道进行音视频调整，频道上线检测音视频的间隔，并进行音视频的间隔的调整。
(2)将每个频道组播流复制并调整为三条报文流，且RTP序号一一对应。A)流A：音视频间隔调整的调整报文流。B)流B：音频包都被替代为空包的衔接报文流。C)流C：原始组播报文流。
(3)收到用户发送的FCC请求后，创建用户的发流链表队列，
阶段1：从流A中插入列表队列，使用调整过音视频间隔的流A发流，如图从TS包1001-1701。
阶段2：从流B中插入列表队列，使用音频包被替换的流B发流，如图从TS包1702-2103。
阶段3：从流C中插入列表队列，使用原始音视频序列的流C发流，如图从TS包2104开始。
上述发流过程中，三个阶段的切换时间点的计算过程如下：
前提：设原有音视频间隔为M毫秒，设调整后音视频间隔为N毫秒，FCC服务器快发倍速为1.X倍
(1)频道启动时，计算并保存直播频道的音视频的时间间隔，计算出需要调整的时间间隔差值Δt(举例：如原有音视频间隔为M毫秒，需要调整到N毫秒以内，则Δt＝(M-N)毫秒)，并计算出音频前移调整的TS的包的个数Δnum。
(2)用户上线：直接进入阶段1，从流A中发流。
(3)阶段1切换阶段2的时间点：该时间点和阶段2的发送时长有关。先计算阶段2发送时长，阶段2的发送时长＝Δt/1.X。则阶段1最少发送时长需要保证STB足够缓存Δt的数据，即Δt/1.X的时长。由上可得阶段1最少发送时长，即切换阶段2的最快时间＝Δt/1.X/0.X。
(4)阶段2切换阶段3的时间点：即阶段2切换阶段3的时间，并不是根据时间点换算出来的，而是根据音频空包已发送的个数确定的。计算发送的空包的个数＝Δnum后，则调整到阶段3，采用原始组播流发包。
注：阶段2到阶段3的切换特殊点：在该切换点的RTP包中，有可能前半段属于流B(需要填充最后音频一个空包)，后半段属于流C(后一个音频包需要为原始音频流，不为空包)。因此在该切换点位置，需要FCC服务器动态组装一个包，如图包SN＝2104。
(5)切换到阶段3后，则后续的处理流程，保持和原有的发包流程一致。
如上所述的音视频时间间隔调整方式，不需要针对每个用户的接收的组播流单独进行调整，减少计算的复杂度，降低FCC服务器的计算负担，提升使用效率。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地 描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口、装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，也可以是电的，机械的或其它的形式连接。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本发明实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以是两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分，或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换，这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种快速频道切换方法，应用于IP电视(IPTV)系统，所述IPTV系统包括快速频道切换(FCC)服务器，其特征在于，所述FCC服务器在收到用户设备的快速频道切换请求后，将频道组播报文中的音频包与视频包的时间间隔调整后通过快发的方式发送给所述用户设备。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的频道切换方法，其特征在于，所述FCC服务器在向用户设备发送调整后的频道组播报文前，还包括：
    加入频道组播组，接收所述频道的组播报文；
    将所述组播报文中的视频包与该视频包对应的音频包之间的时间间隔进行调整,以生成调整报文。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的频道切换方法，其特征在于，所述将组播报文中的视频包与该视频包对应的音频包之间的时间间隔进行调整，包括：
    解析所述组播报文，将所述组播报文中的视频包与该视频包对应的音频包之间的时间间隔减少。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的频道切换方法，其特征在于，所述将组播报文中的视频包与该视频包对应的音频包之间的时间间隔进行调整，包括：
    确定所述组播报文中发给用户设备的起始I帧所在的视频包；
    根据所述视频包的显示时间标签(PTS)查找获取所述视频包对应的第一音频包；
    确定所述视频包后的首个音频包位置；
    将所述首个音频包位置的音频包替换为所述第一音频包。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的频道切换方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    确定所述第一音频包原始位置；
    根据所述第一音频包的原始位置与所述首个音频包位置计算所述第一音频包的前移间隔；
    将所述第一音频包的后续第二音频包根据所述前移间隔顺序前移，替换前移位置处的音频包。
  6. 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的频道切换方法，其特征在于，所述FCC服务器在向用户设备发送完调整后的组播报文后，还依次将频道组播报文中的音频包被替换为空包的衔接报文、原始组播报文顺序下发给所述用户设备。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的频道切换方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    接收所述频道的组播报文，将所述组播报文中的音频包替换为空包，以生成衔接报文。
  8. 如权利要求6或7任一项所述的频道切换方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    FCC服务器确定发送给用户设备的调整报文和衔接报文的时长，根据调整报文和衔接报文的时长生成所述调整报文和衔接报文。
  9. 一种快速频道切换服务器，其特征在于，包括：
    接收单元，用于接收用户设备发送的快速频道切换请求；
    处理单元，用于将频道组播报文中的视频包与音频包的时间间隔进行调整；
    发送单元，用于将所述处理单元调整过视频包与音频包的时间间隔的频道组播报文发送给所述用户设备。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的快速频道切换服务器，其特征在于，
    所述接收单元具体用于接入频道组播组，接收所述频道组播组发送的组播报文；
    所述处理单元具体用于：将所述接收单元接收的组播报文中的视频包与该视频包对应的音频包之间的时间间隔进行调整，以生成调整报文。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的快速频道切换服务器，其特征在于，
    所述处理单元将组播报文中的视频包与该视频包对应的音频包之间的时间间隔进行调整，包括：
    解析所述组播报文，将所述组播报文中的视频包与该视频包对应的音频包之间的时间间隔减少。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的快速频道切换服务器，其特征在于，所述处理单元将组播报文中的视频包与该视频包对应的音频包之间的时间间隔进行调整，包括：
    确定所述组播报文中发给用户设备的起始I帧所在的视频包；
    根据所述视频包的显示时间标签(PTS)查找获取所述视频包对应的第一音频包；
    确定所述视频包后的首个音频包位置；
    将所述首个音频包位置的音频包替换为所述第一音频包。
  13. 如权利要求12所述快速频道切换服务器，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于：
    确定所述第一音频包原始位置；
    根据所述第一音频包的原始位置与所述首个音频包位置计算所述第一音频包的前移间隔；
    将所述第一音频包的后续第二音频包根据所述前移间隔顺序前移，替换前移位置处的音频包。
  14. 一种用户设备，其特征在于，包括：
    发送单元，用于向FCC服务器发送快速频道切换请求；
    接收单元，用于接收所述FCC服务器基于所述快速频道切换请求发送的调整报文，所述调整报文为频道组播报文中的音频包与视频包的时间间隔调整后的报文；
    处理单元，用于解析播放所述调整报文。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的用户设备，其特征在于，所述接收单元接收的调整报文中，视频包与该视频包对应的音频包之间的时间间隔相比于原始频道组播报文中的音视频包时间间隔减少。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的用户设备，其特征在于，所述接收单元还用于：
    在接收完所述调整报文后，还依次接收所述FCC服务器发送的频道组播报文中的音频包被替换为空包的衔接报文和原始组播报文。
  17. 一种IPTV系统，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求9-13任一项所述的快速频道切换服务器；和
    内容提供系统，用于在所述频道切换服务器接入频道组播组后，将频道媒体内容通过组播报文组播给所述频道切换服务器。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的IPTV系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    如权利要求14-16任一项所述的用户设备。
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