WO2017092722A1 - Arrangement for a power electronic component - Google Patents
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- WO2017092722A1 WO2017092722A1 PCT/DE2015/100513 DE2015100513W WO2017092722A1 WO 2017092722 A1 WO2017092722 A1 WO 2017092722A1 DE 2015100513 W DE2015100513 W DE 2015100513W WO 2017092722 A1 WO2017092722 A1 WO 2017092722A1
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- power semiconductor
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/07—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L29/00
- H01L25/072—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L29/00 the devices being arranged next to each other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/02—Containers; Seals
- H01L23/04—Containers; Seals characterised by the shape of the container or parts, e.g. caps, walls
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arrangement for a power electronic component.
- Power electronics is a branch of electrical engineering, which deals in particular with the transformation of electrical energy with switching electronic components.
- Power semiconductors are semiconductor devices that are designed in power electronics for controlling and switching high electrical currents and voltages.
- the electrical currents here are regularly at least 1 A.
- Voltages are at least about 24 V. Currents and voltages up to several thousand amps and volts can be controlled or switched.
- LHL The power semiconductors
- HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor
- the object of the invention is to provide an arrangement for a power electronic component, in which the scalability is improved for different applications.
- an arrangement for a power electronic component according to the independent claim 1 is provided.
- Embodiments are the subject of dependent claims.
- an arrangement for a power electronic device has a housing and a power semiconductor circuit.
- the power semiconductor circuit is formed with power semiconductors and arranged in the housing. With the power semiconductors parallel connected series circuits are formed between circuit terminals of the power semiconductor circuit.
- the following circuit parameters are scaled for the power semiconductor circuit: an operating function by means of a respective function-determining power semiconductor in the parallel-connected series circuits; a withstand voltage by means of at least one respective voltage-determining power semiconductor in the parallel-connected series circuits, which is connected in series with the function-determining power semiconductor in the respective series circuits; and a current strength by means of the number of parallel-connected series circuits.
- a module housing for a power electronic component is provided with such an arrangement.
- the withstand voltage of the power semiconductor circuit indicates a maximum reverse voltage for the power semiconductor circuit.
- the controllability of the power electronic component can be determined with regard to the power electronics.
- a module housing may be formed in which the power semiconductor circuit is arranged on an insulating substrate, which is arranged on the housing on the inside.
- the insulating substrate may be a ceramic substrate.
- the insulating substrate with the power semiconductor circuit formed thereon can be arranged in the interior of the housing on the bottom plate of the housing.
- It may be formed a disc assembly having a disc cell, wherein in a wafer stack with the function-determining power semiconductor and a further wafer wafer are stacked with the voltage-determining power semiconductor a respective stack of at least a portion of the parallel-connected series circuits and connections of the wafer wafer to terminals of the other wafer disc are connected.
- the wafer disk with the function-determining power semiconductor and the wafer disks with the voltage-determining power semiconductor may consist of the same semiconductor material or of different semiconductor materials.
- the wafer disk may have a plurality of voltage-determining power semiconductors. Multiple wafer slices with a respective voltage-determining power semiconductor may be provided.
- the disk arrangement may form a common disk cell for the wafer disks.
- a common clamping connection can be produced.
- the scalability in terms of withstand voltage arises over the number of stacked and thereby in-line disk assemblies.
- the control connections used for a super-cascode can be led out on a top side and a bottom side, so that when several disk cells are stacked, the series connections are contacted by themselves.
- a cooling box for cooling the supercascode can be provided, in which the control terminals are plated through.
- An electrically conductive intermediate layer may be arranged between the wafer disk and the further wafer disk.
- a voltage-symmetrizing circuit element may be formed in the series-connected series circuits in parallel with the plurality of voltage-determining power semiconductors.
- the voltage-symmetrizing circuit element can provide for a defined division of the blocking voltage on the individual voltage-determining power semiconductors of a series circuit.
- the voltage-symmetrizing circuit element can with the voltage-determining Power semiconductor may be arranged in a wafer disk.
- the parallel-connected series circuits may each have a plurality of (for example at least two) voltage-determining and mutually connected in series power semiconductors, which are connected in series with the function-determining power semiconductor.
- the power semiconductors in particular the voltage-determining power semiconductors, may consist of the following group of semiconductor materials: silicon, silicon carbide, gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, gallium oxide, diamond and aluminum nitride.
- the function-determining power semiconductors can have one or more controllable power semiconductors.
- a controllable power semiconductor for example, a MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) can be used, for example as a logic-level MOSFET.
- the function-determining power semiconductors may have one or more non-controllable power semiconductors.
- non-controllable power semiconductors diodes can be used, for example, pin diodes, Schottky diodes, for example made of Si or one of the above materials, merged-pin Schottky (MPS) diodes, soft-recovery diodes and / or others discrete parallel connected diodes.
- MPS merged-pin Schottky
- a thyristor can also be used, for example a light-controlled thyristor.
- Several disc cells can be stacked, wherein between adjacent disc cells a cooling box is arranged, are led out in the connections to opposite flat sides of the cooling box, in particular a main terminal and at least one against the main terminal electrically isolated control terminal.
- a cooling box which has hose connections in a cooling box body, which are in communication with cooling fluid channels in the cooling box body.
- a via can be made, which is surrounded by electrical insulation.
- a control connection can be guided through the cooling-can body, such that clocks of the via can be arranged on opposite flat sides of the cooling body body.
- contacts for one or more main connections can be arranged on the flat sides.
- a stacked arrangement in which the cooling boxes are arranged between disc cells, such that the control terminals and main terminals are each passed through the cooling box body.
- the control terminals are electrically isolated connected.
- the connections can then be connected during stacking with associated terminals of the disc cells, which are also formed on a flat side.
- the disk cells in the stack can have a disk cell with a function-determining semiconductor as well as further disk cells with voltage-determining power semiconductors connected in parallel.
- 1 is a schematic representation of a power semiconductor circuit
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of a module housing for a power electronic component with a power semiconductor circuit arranged on the inside according to FIG. 3, FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of another power semiconductor circuit with a plurality of stacked disc cells
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a cooling box
- Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of a stacked arrangement with disc cells, between each of which a cooling box is arranged, and
- FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a disk arrangement with several Waferschei- ben in a common disk cell.
- 1 shows a schematic representation of a power semiconductor circuit that is scaled using a plurality of parallel-connected series circuits 1.1, 1.4. Between circuit terminals 2, 3, which may also be referred to as main terminals of the power semiconductor circuit, the plurality of series circuits 1.1, ..., 1.4 are connected in parallel.
- Each of the several series circuits 1.1, 1.4 has a function-determining power semiconductor (LHL) 4, which is formed in the illustrated embodiment as Si-MOSFET. With the help of the function-determining power semiconductor 4, the function is determined. In the example shown, in particular a turn-on and Ausschalt- availability via the control terminal and the reverse conductivity are possible.
- LHL function-determining power semiconductor
- three voltage-determining power semiconductors (T s ) 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 are connected in parallel to the function-determining power semiconductor 4.
- T s voltage-determining power semiconductors
- the voltage-determining power semiconductors 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 can each be a GaN-HEMT that is in the normal state.
- the plurality of series circuits 1.1, 1.4 are connected in parallel to the circuit terminals 2, 3, wherein the series circuits 1.2 to 1.4 can be formed equal to the series circuit 1.1 nen.
- the current carrying capacity is scaled by the number of parallel branches.
- a voltage-symmetrizing circuit element 6 is provided, which may be, for example, an Avelanche diode.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of different function-determining power semiconductors which can be used.
- 3 shows schematic representations for different scaled power semiconductor circuits.
- the left upper illustration shows a power semiconductor circuit with three parallel-connected Erasmusnschaltun- gene, each having three voltage-determining power semiconductors.
- the top right-hand illustration relates to a power semiconductor circuit with six parallel-connected series circuits, which in addition to the function-determining power semiconductor each have a span having determining power semiconductors.
- the power semiconductor circuit in the illustration at the bottom left in Fig. 3 four series circuits are connected in parallel, each having two voltage-determining power semiconductors in series.
- the illustration at the bottom right in FIG. 3 shows a power semiconductor circuit with two parallel series circuits, each having five voltage-determining power semiconductors in series. All of these Verschaltungstinen are in the same housing type, for example, according to FIG. 4, realized.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a module housing 40 for a power electronic component with a power semiconductor circuit 41 arranged on the inside on an insulating substrate 42.
- the insulating substrate 42 is disposed on a bottom plate 43.
- Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of another power semiconductor circuit, which is constructed of disc cells.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a disk arrangement with several wafer disks in a common disk cell.
- the function-determining power semiconductor can be made of the same or different material as the voltage-determining power semiconductor.
- a control terminal 7 is provided, which can be omitted, for example, in the formation of the function-determining power semiconductor 4 as a diode.
- Two power semiconductors can be cascode-connected, for example in the form of a simple cascode of Si-MOSFETs made of discrete components, with a SiC-JFET (see Aggeier et al., IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. Aug. 2013).
- the so-called super-cascode in which several power semiconductors are connected in series in order to increase the dielectric strength, is known as such, for example using discrete components (compare Biela et al., IEEE International Power Modulator Conference, PMC08, May 2008 , Las Vegas).
- a self-conducting LHL can be used, for which reason, for example, GaN HEMTs that are on in the normal state are suitable for this purpose.
- unipolar LHL the resistance R-DSon in the on state theoretically increases with the square of the maximum reverse voltage UDSS, often even with the 2.5 to 2.7th power (see Mohan et al., Power Electronics, 2nd ed . Wiley and Sons, New York 1995). Since in a supercaskode with n voltage-determining LHL in series each of them only has to absorb the 1 / n-fold blocking voltage, the resistance remains unchanged for the same chip area ACM P because of the series connection.
- q is the elementary charge
- ⁇ the carrier mobility
- e crit the breakdown field strength of the semiconductor material used.
- the total resistance thus remains in both cases, a single chip of sufficient blocking capability or a supercaskode with the same chip area, equal if Roson is proportional to USS. If the resistance, however, as at present in Si MOSFETs with about 2.5 to 2.7-th power of the reverse voltage (cf.. Mohan et al., Power Electronics, 2 nd Edition, Wiley and Sons, New York 1995), the total resistance of the super-cascode will be smaller than that of a single LHL of the same chip area. For example, for a proportionality to the 2.7th power of UDSS, we obtain:
- the total resistance of the voltage-determining semiconductors would thus decrease with the reciprocal of the number n of stages in the order of 0.7th power. This means that the further the technology is away from the theoretical limit, the more worthwhile is the realization as a super-cascode. Thus, the super-cascode is worthwhile especially for new semiconductor materials, which are only at the beginning of their development.
- a module housing in which an insulating ceramic is arranged as substrate in the interior, the thickness of which is sufficient for the maximum voltage. If this ceramic is chosen to be large enough in area so that it can accommodate a sufficient number of LHL chips (see, for example, Figures 3 and 4), it is possible to include one with multiple power semiconductors (chips), optionally as well from different LHL materials, and their interconnection to realize a scalable in terms of function, withstand voltage and current carrying capacity LHL module.
- the function is selected via the selection of the function-determining LHL (see TF in FIGS. 1 and 2).
- the scaling with regard to the dielectric strength takes place via a bond between voltage-determining LHL (compare Ts in FIG.
- the scaling in terms of current carrying capacity via the bond between the circuit terminals 2, 3 of the cascodes or super cascodes by the number of parallel branches is defined.
- the voltage and current carrying capacity can be scaled by means of internal interconnection.
- the function whether as a controllable switch or as a diode, can be determined. It is also possible to select with which properties the function-determining element is selected, without having to take account of their blocking capacity.
- the blocking capability is realized, for example, by means of series connection of a number of self-conducting FETs or HEMTs (for example Tsi to Ts 3 in FIG. 1) of LHL materials.
- HEMTs self-conducting FETs or HEMTs
- small chips can be used, which can be manufactured with high yield, or even those whose individual reverse voltage for use as the sole LHL not would be enough, because they would stay below the respective specification. Since here the self-conducting property of HEMTs does not bother, but is even advantageous, in such an example, no additional process steps in their preparation required to effect a self-locking property.
- the current carrying capacity is achieved, for example, by means of parallel connection of a number of super cascodes. The scalability in terms of voltage and current can be achieved with the same chips.
- Advantages may consist of: determining the function by selecting the function determining chips; Determining the blocking capability by the number of chips connected in series; and determining the current carrying capacity realized by the number of parallel branches.
- unused ports may be omitted, connected in parallel, and / or not connected (referred to in chip technology as so-called “NC" ports for "not connected”).
- a diode cascode does not require any control connections (see connection G in FIG. 1), but if a sense FET is used as the function-determining chip (top center in FIG. 2), a further source connection must be led out, otherwise is not needed.
- the voltage-determining LHL, Ts 2 and Ts 3 in Fig. 1 with their respective small components for voltage balancing, for example, the avalanche diodes D Z2 and D Z3 in Fig. 1 (alternatively, for example, RC members or a suitable Electronics), housed in a common housing, a good thermal coupling between the components is possible, so that the voltage control can be adapted to the temperature-dependent blocking capability.
- Dz 2 and Dz 3 in FIG. 1 may be chosen such that the temperature dependence of their breakdown voltage corresponds to that of the reverse voltage of the voltage-determining LHL and by the spatially close arrangement on the ceramic at the same temperature as Tsi to Ts 3 in FIG. be held.
- resistors or capacitors can be incorporated into the common module housing, which are advantageous for the static or dynamic behavior.
- a function-determining LHL for example, a MOSFET. Since this requires only a small blocking capability (approximately 20V) on the order of the control voltage required for safely blocking the voltage-determining LHL, a large number of available chips can be selected for this purpose.
- Si MOSFETs those with low control voltage, so-called logic-level MOSFETs, or those with additional sense source for current measurement can be used, so-called sense FETs.
- T F in Fig. 1 can be distinguished between controllable LHL, such as ordinary Si-MOSFETs, Logi c-level MO SFET s, Si MOSFETs with sense connection or other, as well as non-controllable LHL, ie Diodes such as pin diodes, Schottky diodes made of Si, SiC (see Kneifel, Progress Reports VDI, Series 9, No. 273, VDI Verlag Dusseldorf 1998).
- a SiC Schottky diode, MPS diodes, soft-recovery diodes or other diodes, for example, discretely connected in parallel, can be selected.
- Thyristors can also be used as a function-determining LHL. These may also be light-controlled thyristors. In this variant, the solution would be advantageous as a disk cell (see Fig. 5).
- parallel or antiparallel switching of two chips for example two diodes of different turn-off behavior or one controllable chip and one non-controllable chip (for example an IGBT and a diode or freewheeling diode) may be provided as the function-determining chip.
- Si-Schottky diodes which until now have been available only up to about 250V blocking voltage, can be used as a function-determining LHL.
- discrete parallel circuits of pn or pin diodes with Schottky diodes can be used (see Fig. 2 bottom right).
- MPS diode merged-pin Schottky diode
- the functionality of a chip can be selected independently of its dielectric strength, since the latter can be increased by the shading to the desired level.
- logic level sense MOSFET supercascodes or MPS diode supercascodes are possible. Since the function-determining LHL also absorbs only a small reverse voltage, its voltage swing when switching is low, which is why the otherwise disturbing Miller effect, which can increase the input capacitance considerably, is reduced.
- the voltage-determining self-conducting FETs or HEMTs can be accommodated with their voltage balancing semiconductors, for example the avalanche diodes D Z2 and D Z3 in FIG. 1, in a common disk cell.
- This alternative version is particularly suitable for high-voltage applications, such as high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmissions, because the design as a power supply is common there and otherwise a significant additional effort is required for the isolated control of each individual stage.
- This variant can be implemented as a function-determining LHL with a diode or with a controllable LHL, for example a thyristor, also light-controlled (see FIG. 2, top right), an IGBT or a turn-off thyristor.
- the scalability in terms of the current can, if required, be achieved via the parallel connection of several clamping assemblies.
- the function-determining LHL in the cascode or the super-cascode the above considerations apply accordingly.
- an external connection 50 is shown, which may be omitted if a different housing design is selected for the lowest voltage-determining LHL.
- the housing design shown offers cost advantages, since it does not require this variant and only requires an additional connection of a control line. If the control connections are routed out laterally, as is the case with disk cells, this embodiment is compatible with the usual disk cells, whereby the lowest LHL (Tp in FIG. 5) determining the functionality of the super-cascode realized by the tensioning system is selected from a wide range of existing LHLs can be. If the control connections in addition to the main connections on the top and bottom of the individual disc cells led out, for example in the middle, where currently a center hole is common, their connection arises when stacking by itself (Fig. 8). However, it would have to be used for TF a version in this particular case.
- Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of a cooling box 60 from above and in section.
- Hose connections 61, 62 communicate with cooling fluid passages 63, 64.
- Through the cooling can 60 through a through-connection 65 is made, which is surrounded by an electrical insulation 66.
- Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of a stack with cooling boxes 70, 71, which may be designed according to the embodiment in Fig. 6 and between disc cells 72, 73, 74 are arranged such that control terminals 76, 77 and main terminals 78, 79 respectively through the cooling boxes 70, 71 are passed.
- the control terminals 76, 77 are electrically isolated connected.
- the disk cell 74 is formed with a function-determining semiconductor.
- the further disc cells 72, 73 have parallel-connected voltage-determining power semiconductors.
- a disc cell 80 is alternatively formed as the housing, in which the cascode or the supercaskode is implemented inside by means of stacking a number of chips or wafers 81, if necessary with conductive intermediate layers 82 (cf. . 8th).
- conductive intermediate layers 82 a solder connection or a contacting can be carried out by means of sintering with metal powder, for example silver powder, as so-called low-temperature connection technology.
- the disk cell is scaled in terms of their blocking voltage by stacking it with one or more voltage-determining LHL 83.1, 83.2, 83.3 and then installing it in a housing. These are stacked on the function determining LHL 84. It is a control terminal 85 is provided.
- the additionally used voltage-determining chips or wafers already contain the voltage-symmetrizing elements (see circuit diagram according to FIG. 1) and their contacts are arranged on the chip or wafer surface in such a way that when stacking itself Contacting results in a particularly advantageous for manufacturing execution.
- This arrangement can be designed, for example, in the form of concentric rings or a center contact.
- a correspondingly thicker (dimension s in FIG. 8) disk cell can be used for this purpose.
- Scalability in terms of current carrying capacity is possible by means of parallel connection of several disc cells.
Abstract
Description
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PCT/DE2015/100513 WO2017092722A1 (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | Arrangement for a power electronic component |
DE112015007167.9T DE112015007167A5 (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | Arrangement for a power electronic component |
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Citations (3)
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US3673308A (en) * | 1970-04-30 | 1972-06-27 | Licentia Gmbh | Silicon wafer cell |
US20120327609A1 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-27 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device |
US20130249315A1 (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-09-26 | General Electric Company | Switching component and switch system comprising the same |
-
2015
- 2015-12-02 DE DE112015007167.9T patent/DE112015007167A5/en active Pending
- 2015-12-02 WO PCT/DE2015/100513 patent/WO2017092722A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3673308A (en) * | 1970-04-30 | 1972-06-27 | Licentia Gmbh | Silicon wafer cell |
US20120327609A1 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-27 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device |
US20130249315A1 (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-09-26 | General Electric Company | Switching component and switch system comprising the same |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
Title |
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AGGELER ET AL., IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol. 28, no. 8, August 2013 (2013-08-01) |
BALIGA: "Fundamentals of Power Semiconductor Devices", 2008, SPRINGER VERLAG |
BIELA ET AL., IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR CONFERENCE, PMC08, MAI 2008 |
HAMADY ET AL., EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS, 2013 |
KNEIFEL: "Fortschritt-Berichte VDI", vol. 9, 1998, VDI-VERLAG |
LIDOW ET AL.: "GaN Transistors for Efficient Power Conversion", 2015, WILEY AND SONS |
MOHAN ET AL.: "Power Electronics", 1995, WILEY AND SONS |
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