WO2017090056A1 - Module solaire à revêtement coloré sélectif - Google Patents

Module solaire à revêtement coloré sélectif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017090056A1
WO2017090056A1 PCT/IN2016/050275 IN2016050275W WO2017090056A1 WO 2017090056 A1 WO2017090056 A1 WO 2017090056A1 IN 2016050275 W IN2016050275 W IN 2016050275W WO 2017090056 A1 WO2017090056 A1 WO 2017090056A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar
solar cell
coating layer
colored coating
glass
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2016/050275
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2017090056A4 (fr
Inventor
Anishkumar SOMAN
Aldrin Antony
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Indian Institute Of Technology Bombay
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Indian Institute Of Technology Bombay filed Critical Indian Institute Of Technology Bombay
Publication of WO2017090056A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017090056A1/fr
Publication of WO2017090056A4 publication Critical patent/WO2017090056A4/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0216—Coatings
    • H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H01L31/02168—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties for the solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present embodiments relate to a solar cell, and more particularly to a solar module including one or more reflective colored coating layers.
  • the present application is based on, and claims priority from an Indian Application Number 4410/MUM/2015 filed on 24 th November, 2015, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
  • a crystalline silicon solar cell technology is a most matured one in photovoltaic s, and a solar cell is generally installed in a rooftop or land spaces.
  • Conventional silicon solar cells have a typical blue color because of Anti-Reflection Coating (ARC) on it. This limits the application of the solar cell or a solar module for integration into architectural designs which not only requires an alternate energy source but also expects it to "blend-in" in its environment.
  • ARC Anti-Reflection Coating
  • the colored solar cells are fabricated by using a multi-layer ARC included in the solar cells.
  • the colored solar cells are fabricated by changing the thickness of a single layer ARC.
  • the colors are modulated for industrial textured multi-crystalline solar cells by multi-layer ARCs.
  • all these methods are process-dependent and altering the thickness of the ARC requires optimization of the solar cell fabrication steps for contact formation.
  • the principal object of the embodiments herein describes a solar module including one or more reflective colored coating layer(s).
  • the embodiments herein disclose a solar module including a plurality of solar cells and an element positioned on the solar cell.
  • One or more reflective colored coating layer(s) is deposited on the element or the solar cell.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 are schematic of a solar module including one or more reflective colored coating layer(s), according to embodiments as disclosed herein;
  • FIG. 4 is a photograph showing a proof of concept of a colored coating on 5 cm x 5 cm glass placed over 156 cm crystalline silicon solar cells, according to embodiments as disclosed herein;
  • FIGS. 5a and 5 bare graphs showing reflectance of Red- Green-Blue (RGB) colors on a glass and reflectance of white color on the glass respectively, according to embodiments as disclosed herein;
  • RGB Red- Green-Blue
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing transmittance of R,G,B and white coating on a glass according to the embodiments as disclosed herein;
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing absorbance of R,G,B and white coating on a glass according to embodiments as disclosed herein;
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing an External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) of different colored solar cells, according to embodiments as disclosed herein;
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing current density versus voltage (J- V) of different colored solar cells, according to embodiments as disclosed herein.
  • FIG. lO is a chromaticity diagram of different colored reflectors, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein.
  • Embodiments herein achieve a solar module including a plurality of solar cells and an element positioned on a solar cell.
  • One or more reflective colored coating layer(s) is/are deposited on the element or the solar cells.
  • the refractive index of the one or more reflective colored coating layer(s) is in a predefined range.
  • the predefined range is below 2.5
  • the reflective coating layers are placed alternatively.
  • the reflective coating layers are made of different material.
  • the element is a glass.
  • the element is a polymeric sheet.
  • the reflective colored coating layer is a selective reflector optical coating (SROC) layer.
  • the reflective colored coating layer is a selective reflector.
  • the reflective colored coating layer is a
  • SMART Selectively Modulated Aesthetic Reflector Technology
  • the proposed solar cell includes an element in which reflective colored coating layer is deposited on the element.
  • the reflective colored coating layer can selectively reflect a desired wavelength range of light and can provide the required color for the solar cell or a solar module without altering the structure or manufacturing process of the solar cell.
  • the SMART layer can be coated on the glass or on the polymeric sheet to stick over the conventional solar modules or even on the solar cell itself, which can help to provide aesthetic value for the conventional solar cell or conventional solar module.
  • the proposed mechanism can directly be used by a glass manufacturing company for producing the colored glass for a Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) application. It can also be used by architects and developers for designing colored building.
  • BIPV Building Integrated Photovoltaics
  • the proposed mechanism can be a process independent, so that it can be applied to any type of solar cell or solar modules.
  • the proposed solar cells can have considerable efficiencies to be commercially viable.
  • the proposed mechanism can be used to integrate the reflective colored coating layer along with the traditional solar cell or the traditional module as BIPV building material.
  • the SMART layer will decrease the efficiency of the solar module, the application of the aesthetic integration in the buildings increases the possibility for large scale installation of solar modules onto the buildings and can help in increasing the energy generation.
  • the BIPV can prove to be economically viable in urban areas, since tall buildings offer large surface for energy generation as compared to rooftop installations and a Photovoltaic (PV) module can replace the traditional glass facades.
  • PV Photovoltaic
  • the proposed reflective colored coating layer could provide around 60% efficiency of standard silicon solar cell for the white colored solar cells/modules and nearly 80% efficiency of standard cell for the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) colored cells/modules.
  • RGB Red-Green-Blue
  • the BIPV doesn't require mounting systems that are used for roof top installations and the additional cost incurred for the building material can be recovered from the energy payback of the mounting system.
  • the proposed mechanism provides the colored coatings to aesthetically integrate the solar modules into building facades, windows, roof tops, etc.
  • the proposed colored solar cell or colored solar module can be realized by using a SMART coating layer between the encapsulation material and the glass.
  • This type of SMART layers coated glass can be commercially made by the glass manufacturer.
  • the SMART coatings can also be done on the polymeric substrates to stick to the solar modules. It could also be used for making colored stick-on sheets or tiles to cover solar modules or solar cells.
  • FIGS. 1 through 10 there are shown preferred embodiments.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 are schematic of a solar modulelOO including one or more reflective colored coating layer(s) 106, according to embodiments as disclosed herein.
  • the solar module 100 includes a solar cell 102, an element 104, and one or more reflective colored coating layer(s) 106.
  • the solar modulelOO includes the element 104 positioned on the solar cell 102.
  • One or more reflective colored coating layer(s) 106 is deposited on the element 104.
  • the element 104 can be, for example but not limited to, a glass, a polymeric sheet, or the like.
  • the refractive index of the one or more reflective colored coating layer(s) 106 is in a predefined range. In an embodiment, the predefined range is below 2.5.
  • the reflective coating layers 106 are placed alternatively.
  • the reflective coating layers 106 are made of different material.
  • the materials can be, for example but not limited to, a silicon oxynitride (SiON), a silicon nitride (SiN), combination of transparent dielectric or transparent conducting oxides or the like.
  • the solar module200 includes the solar cell 102and one or more reflective colored coating layer(s) 106.
  • One or more reflective colored coating layer(s) 106 is directly placed on the solar cell 102.
  • the solar cell 102 is provided with the reflective colored coating layers 106, a glass, and an Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA).
  • the EVA is a transparent layer.
  • the reflective colored coating layer(s) 106 is deposited on the glass.
  • the reflective colored coating layers 106 are formed by depositing alternate layers of dielectrics namely silicon oxynitride (SiON) and silicon nitride (SiN) by a Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition(PECVD) technique.
  • the silicon oxynitride has a thickness range of 50nm to 100 nm, and the silicon nitride has a thickness range of 40 nm to 70 nm.
  • the silicon oxynitride and silicon nitride included in the reflective colored coating layers 106 are deposited at a low substrate temperature of less than 200 °C.
  • the proposed solar module 100 utilizes 4 bi-layers of SiON and SiN.
  • the proposed solar module 100 is provided by fabricating a modulated structure out of the red, green and blue coatings consisting of 12 bi-layers of SiON and SiN.
  • the SiN is a stable material which is currently used as ARC for a crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell.
  • the SiON has a high temperature stability and better chemically inert behavior.
  • the SiON/SiN layer stack is in an inner side of the glass, therefore the solar cell 102is protected from direct exposure to air and moisture.
  • the reflective colored coating layer 106 is a Selectively Modulated Aesthetic Reflector Technology (SMART) layer.
  • the SMART layer includes a 4 bi-layer of SiON/SiN.
  • the first layer on the glass is the SiON, and a second layer on the glass is the SiN.
  • the refractive index of the SiON (ni) is less than the refractive index of the SiN (n 2 ).
  • the range of ni is betweenl.5 to 1.8 and that of n 2 is betweenl.9 to 2.1.
  • the structures of the solar module 100 are designed in such a way that the solar cell 102show similar performance whether it is coated on an outer side of the glass or an inner side of the glass.
  • the reflective colored coating layer 106 is a selective reflector.
  • the selective reflector can selectively reflect the desired wavelength of light and can give the solar cell 102or the solar module lOOthe required color without altering the structure or manufacturing process mechanism of the solar cell 102.
  • the reflective colored coating layer 106 is a Selectively Modulated Aesthetic Reflector Technology (SMART) layer.
  • SMART Selectively Modulated Aesthetic Reflector Technology
  • the SMART layer can be coated on the glass or on the polymeric sheet to stick over the solar cell 102 or the solar module lOOor even on the solar cell 102itself, which can help to provide aesthetic value for the conventional solar cell 102.
  • the reflective colored coating layer 106 is a SMART coating layer.
  • the element 104with the SMART coating layer can be used as a cover element for the solar cell 102or the solar module 100.
  • the glass with the SMART coating layer can be used as a cover glass for the solar cell 102 or the solar module 100.
  • the selective reflector optical coating depositing process has been developed by depositing multi-layers of dielectric coatings by the PECVD at a low temperature of less than 200 °C and is realized by a Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) technique, a Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technique, or the like.
  • the dielectric coating layer is made of a material.
  • the material can be, for example but not limited to, an oxide, nitride, oxynitrides, transition metal oxides or transparent conducting oxides material. Since the coating layer is deposited at a low temperature of less than 200°C, the coating layer can also be deposited over polymeric sheets which could then be integrated with the solar module 100.
  • FIG. 4 is a photograph illustrating a proof of concept of the colored coating on 5 cm x 5 cm glass placed over 156 cm crystalline silicon solar cells, according to embodiments as disclosed herein.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b are graphs showing reflectance of Red- Green-Blue (RGB) colors on the glass and reflectance of the white color on the glass respectively, according to embodiments as disclosed herein.
  • the SMART layer works on the principle of selectively reflecting a particular wavelength range of light as shown from the reflectance data in the FIGS. 5a and 5b.
  • visible spectrum refers to 390 nm to 700 nm whereas the active absorption of photons in the silicon solar cell is in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 1200 nm.
  • the integrated reflectance is ⁇ 30% in the visible spectrum which equates to a reflection loss of 18-24% in the spectral range for the silicon solar cells.
  • the reflection loss increases to 50% in visible spectrum and 30% in the spectral range for the silicon solar cells.
  • the reflective colored coating layers 106 are designed in such a way that it only gives its peculiar color of appearance when the reflective colored coating layer 106is placed on the solar cell 102and appear normally transparent in air.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing transmittance of RGB and white coating on the glass according to the embodiments as disclosed herein.
  • the representative transmittances of the SMART layer are given in the FIG. 6 and that can be observed from the Table-2 that the primary colored coatings have a high transmittance of around 70% in the visible spectrum and white coating has a transmittance of ⁇ 45% in the visible spectrum.
  • the RGB colored SMART coating has a high transmittance of 80-90% in a Near-Infrared Region (NIR) of 700 to 1200 nm in the silicon solar cell spectrum whereas the white coating has a transmittance of -80% in the same NIR wavelength range (700 to 1200 nm).
  • NIR Near-Infrared Region
  • Table 2 Integrated transmittance in visible and spectral range for the silicon (Si) solar cells
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing absorbance of RGB and white coating on the glass according to embodiments as disclosed herein.
  • the material i.e., SiON/SiN
  • the material has negligible absorption losses in the required range of 400 nm to 1200 nm which can be verified from the absorption graph in the FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing an External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) of different colored solar cells, according to embodiments as disclosed herein.
  • the SMART layer is integrated with the conventional silicon (Si) solar cell having the ARC on a top portion along with a silver grid and an aluminum back contact.
  • the EQE of the solar cells are measured from 300 to 1200 nm to understand the spectral response for the photon absorption and is shown in the FIG. 8.
  • the short circuit current density (J sc ) from the EQE decreases by a minimum of ⁇ 17% for the blue colored solar cell and by a maximum of ⁇ 39% for the white colored solar cells.
  • the reference solar cell has a calculated J sc of 38 mA/cm as seen in the Table-3.
  • the proposed solar cell 102 obtains the exactly same values of EQE and calculated J sc for the SMART layer on the outer side of the glass or the inner side of the glass which demonstrates the proof of concept of using the same coating as an external or internal part of the solar cell 102.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing current density versus voltage (J-
  • FIG. 10 is a chromaticity diagram of different colored reflectors, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein.
  • the colors of the different SMART layer have been verified by the 1931 International Commission on Illumination (CIE) standards.
  • CIE International Commission on Illumination
  • the (x,y) values and the chromaticity diagrams of R,G,B and white coatings are given in the Table-5 and FIG. 10 respectively along with the co-ordinates of a commercially available white diffuser (Spectralon ⁇ coating) for comparison.
  • Table 5 The CIE co-ordinates for R, G, B & white SMART with respect to a white diffuser
  • FIGS. 3-10 are explained in context of solar cell 102, it is to be understood to a person of ordinary skill in the art to describe the FIGS. 3-10 with respect to the solar module 200.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Selon des modes de réalisation, la présente invention porte sur un module solaire comprenant un élément positionné sur une cellule solaire. Une ou plusieurs couches de revêtement coloré réfléchissant sont déposées sur l'élément ou la cellule solaire. La couche de revêtement coloré réfléchissant peut réfléchir sélectivement une longueur d'onde souhaitée de lumière et peut fournir la couleur requise sur la cellule solaire ou le module solaire sans modifier la structure ou le procédé de fabrication de la cellule solaire.
PCT/IN2016/050275 2015-11-24 2016-08-17 Module solaire à revêtement coloré sélectif WO2017090056A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN4410/MUM/2015 2015-11-24
IN4410MU2015 2015-11-24

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017090056A1 true WO2017090056A1 (fr) 2017-06-01
WO2017090056A4 WO2017090056A4 (fr) 2017-08-03

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018158470A3 (fr) * 2017-10-30 2019-01-03 Hem Jensen Ken Module solaire
CN109659373A (zh) * 2017-10-11 2019-04-19 丰田自动车工程及制造北美公司 有色太阳能板及包括该有色太阳能板的结构
AU2018220161A1 (en) * 2018-05-08 2019-11-28 Beijing Hanergy Solar Power Investment Co., Ltd. Solar module
EP4084089A1 (fr) * 2021-04-30 2022-11-02 Merck Patent GmbH Procédé de préparation de cellules solaires colorées
JP2023022804A (ja) * 2021-08-03 2023-02-15 海力雅集成股▲分▼有限公司 発色太陽モジュール
US11843066B2 (en) 2019-08-08 2023-12-12 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Decorated photovoltaic cell module

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US5449413A (en) * 1993-05-12 1995-09-12 Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. UV/IR reflecting solar cell cover
WO2009115518A1 (fr) * 2008-03-18 2009-09-24 Agc Flat Glass Europe S.A. Substrat de type verre revêtu de couches minces et procédé de production
EP2337090A1 (fr) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-22 Malibu GmbH & Co. Kg Procédé de fabrication de modules photovoltaïques semi-transparents et module photovoltaïque
US20120024344A1 (en) * 2010-07-28 2012-02-02 Rensselaer Polytechnic Photovoltaic solar cell overlay
US20130068291A1 (en) * 2010-03-09 2013-03-21 Adélio Miguel Magalhães Mendes Dye-sensitized solar cells
US8932724B2 (en) * 2010-06-07 2015-01-13 General Atomics Reflective coating, pigment, colored composition, and process of producing a reflective pigment

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5449413A (en) * 1993-05-12 1995-09-12 Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. UV/IR reflecting solar cell cover
WO2009115518A1 (fr) * 2008-03-18 2009-09-24 Agc Flat Glass Europe S.A. Substrat de type verre revêtu de couches minces et procédé de production
EP2337090A1 (fr) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-22 Malibu GmbH & Co. Kg Procédé de fabrication de modules photovoltaïques semi-transparents et module photovoltaïque
US20130068291A1 (en) * 2010-03-09 2013-03-21 Adélio Miguel Magalhães Mendes Dye-sensitized solar cells
US8932724B2 (en) * 2010-06-07 2015-01-13 General Atomics Reflective coating, pigment, colored composition, and process of producing a reflective pigment
US20120024344A1 (en) * 2010-07-28 2012-02-02 Rensselaer Polytechnic Photovoltaic solar cell overlay

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109659373A (zh) * 2017-10-11 2019-04-19 丰田自动车工程及制造北美公司 有色太阳能板及包括该有色太阳能板的结构
US11011657B2 (en) 2017-10-11 2021-05-18 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Colored solar panels and structures comprising the same
CN109659373B (zh) * 2017-10-11 2024-04-12 丰田自动车工程及制造北美公司 有色太阳能板及包括该有色太阳能板的结构
WO2018158470A3 (fr) * 2017-10-30 2019-01-03 Hem Jensen Ken Module solaire
CN111344871A (zh) * 2017-10-30 2020-06-26 光明能源责任有限公司 太阳能模块
CN111344871B (zh) * 2017-10-30 2023-09-08 光明能源责任有限公司 太阳能模块
AU2018220161A1 (en) * 2018-05-08 2019-11-28 Beijing Hanergy Solar Power Investment Co., Ltd. Solar module
US11843066B2 (en) 2019-08-08 2023-12-12 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Decorated photovoltaic cell module
EP4084089A1 (fr) * 2021-04-30 2022-11-02 Merck Patent GmbH Procédé de préparation de cellules solaires colorées
US11742445B2 (en) 2021-04-30 2023-08-29 Merck Patent Gmbh Process of preparing colored solar cells
JP2023022804A (ja) * 2021-08-03 2023-02-15 海力雅集成股▲分▼有限公司 発色太陽モジュール
JP7377568B2 (ja) 2021-08-03 2023-11-10 海力雅集成股▲分▼有限公司 発色太陽モジュール

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