WO2017088742A1 - Water wall of supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler having high flow stability at low load, and method of realizing low mass flow rate - Google Patents

Water wall of supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler having high flow stability at low load, and method of realizing low mass flow rate Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017088742A1
WO2017088742A1 PCT/CN2016/106838 CN2016106838W WO2017088742A1 WO 2017088742 A1 WO2017088742 A1 WO 2017088742A1 CN 2016106838 W CN2016106838 W CN 2016106838W WO 2017088742 A1 WO2017088742 A1 WO 2017088742A1
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water
wall
furnace
flow rate
fluidized bed
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PCT/CN2016/106838
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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徐鹏
胡修奎
巩李明
陈震宇
苏虎
杨雪芬
薛大勇
聂立
薛燕辉
王鹏
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东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2017088742A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017088742A1/en

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10Water tubes; Accessories therefor

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  • the invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler, in particular to a circulating fluidized bed boiler water wall system with supercritical parameters.
  • the supercritical boiler generator set can obtain higher power generation efficiency.
  • the supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler refers to the pressure and temperature of the steam output from the boiler is higher than the critical parameter of water vapor (22.12MPa, 374.15 °C).
  • the supercritical boiler water wall system uses a primary DC boiler, that is, the working fluid (water or water vapor) in the water wall passes through the water wall once.
  • the mass flow rate of the working fluid in the water wall is lower than that of the subcritical boiler natural circulation (or forced circulation), the water cooling wall tube is cooled by the working medium, the temperature of the water wall tube metal is higher, and the over temperature damage is prone to occur. problem.
  • the supercritical boiler water wall working fluid is once DC, the water wall working fluid outlet is superheated steam, and the furnace water wall is at different positions, such as the front wall water wall and the side wall water wall. Due to different positions and different lengths, the absorbed heat is different. It will cause the temperature of the working fluid in the water wall tube to be different, causing the temperature of the water wall material to be different. If the temperature difference is not controlled, in the bad case, the thermal stress will be cracked due to the temperature difference, and the water wall tube will be destroyed.
  • the water-cooled wall of the conventional supercritical pulverized coal boiler generally adopts the water-cooled wall structure of the "spiral coil", which reduces the flow area of the water-cooled wall tube, improves the mass flow rate of the working medium in the water-cooled wall tube, and simultaneously the spiral coil passes through the water-cooled wall in turn. Position, try to absorb heat evenly to solve the problem of water wall safety.
  • the mass flow rate of the water wall of the ultra-supercritical pulverized coal boiler is generally greater than 1000 kg/m 2 .s.
  • the circulating fluidized bed boiler has a large amount of circulating material in the furnace, and there is a large amount of adhering downflow material near the wall surface of the water wall.
  • the spiral coil structure water wall is severely worn by the adhering downflow and cannot be used in a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
  • the water cooling wall of the supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler is arranged by a vertical pipe, and the mass flow rate of the water wall is generally low, generally less than 1000 kg/m 2 .s, which is called “vertical pipe low mass flow rate”.
  • the water-cooled wall system with low mass flow rate uses the "self-compensating property" of the working fluid to distribute the flow rate of the water wall, so that the heat-absorbing tube distributes more flow, enhances the tube cooling, and lowers the tube wall temperature.
  • the inventor of the present invention found in the research that the water-cooled wall of the supercritical CFB boiler with low mass flow rate has a serious problem of poor flow stability under low load: when the boiler is under low load operation, the flow rate of the water wall is reduced.
  • the stability of the flow of the working fluid (water or steam, or a mixture of the two) in the water wall tube is reduced, and is disturbed, for example, external heating is enhanced, or the flow rate is reduced, and the flow velocity of the working medium is liable to change drastically, and the water is heated.
  • Production The raw steam further blocks the waterwall tube, causing a decrease in flow, creating a negative feedback, which ultimately causes the wall temperature to rise.
  • the design of the water-cooled wall of the supercritical CFB boiler with low mass flow rate needs to solve the stability problem of flow at low load and prevent the negative feedback from occurring.
  • how to achieve the design of the water-cooled wall of supercritical CFB boilers with high flow stability under low load conditions under low-mass flow conditions is not disclosed.
  • the water-cooling wall of the super-critical CFB boiler with low mass flow rate adopts a primary-current boiler, that is, the working fluid (water or water vapor) in the water-cooling wall absorbs heat once through the water-cooling wall and is directly heated into superheated steam.
  • the proportion of heat absorption of the water-cooled wall of the supercritical boiler about 36-40%) increases the proportion of heat absorption of the critical water wall (less than 29%), and the water wall system must increase the area to meet the requirements. If no improvement measures are taken, the height of the boiler water wall will increase rapidly, resulting in an increase in boiler cost.
  • the heat transfer in the furnace of the circulating fluidized bed boiler depends on the circulating materials.
  • the water wall and the expansion screen are connected in series, and the water wall system has a high mass flow rate, especially the mass flow rate of the expansion screen.
  • the increase of the mass flow rate has a limited effect on reducing the temperature of the pipe wall, and also increases the resistance of the water wall, increases the energy consumption of the boiler feed water pump, and reduces the economic efficiency of the power plant.
  • the object of the invention is that the water-cooling wall of the supercritical CFB boiler realizes a low mass flow rate, and at the same time solves the problem of increasing the water wall area and the furnace height under the low mass flow rate; in particular, the water-cooling wall of the supercritical CFB boiler which solves the low mass flow rate flows under a low load;
  • the problem of stability degradation prevents the negative feedback of the water wall system from occurring.
  • a method for achieving a low mass flow rate in a water-cooled wall of a supercritical CFB boiler is as follows:
  • the flue gas flow (Q) generated by the combustion is calculated, and then the cross-sectional area of the furnace is obtained from the flue gas flow rate and the flue gas flow rate in the furnace: the main elemental carbon in the fuel (C) Hydrogen (H) Sulfur (S) combustion releases heat and also produces flue gas.
  • the amount of heat released and the amount of smoke produced are known from well-known chemical knowledge.
  • the flue gas flow rate Q can be calculated based on the heat that the steam needs to absorb and the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel.
  • the inner diameter and the number of the water wall tubes constituting the furnace are selected according to the mass flow rate range of 700 to 350 kg/m 2 .s, and the water wall of the furnace is separated by the surrounding water wall and the water cooling partition.
  • the wall is connected in parallel:
  • the inner diameter of the surrounding water wall tube is r1, the number of water wall tubes around the wall is m1, the inner diameter of the water-cooling partition wall tube is r2, and the number of water-cooling partition walls is m2;
  • the number of water-cooled wall tubes m1 and the number of middle partition wall tubes m2 are too small, the flat steel is large in size, and the flat steel temperature will exceed the allowable value.
  • the product of the inner diameter area and the number of water wall tubes is the flow area of the furnace wall.
  • the optimum mass flow rate range is 700 to 350 kg/m 2 .s.
  • the mass flow rate is high.
  • the water flow wall has different deviations in the flow rate of the working fluid, and the temperature difference of the outlet is large. Too low mass flow rate may also cause flow to stop, resulting in heat transfer deterioration.
  • the low mass flow rate can be achieved by the above three steps of the patent, in particular the parallel arrangement of the surrounding water wall and the water cooled partition wall.
  • a water-cooling wall of a supercritical CFB boiler with high flow stability under low load comprising a water-cooled wall and a water-cooled partition wall around the furnace with a low mass flow rate, and a concentrated down pipe and a connecting pipe, the working fluid flows in the surrounding water wall and water cooling
  • the middle partition walls are connected in parallel.
  • the feed water of the boiler is led to the surrounding water wall and the water-cooled partition wall by the concentrated down pipe, and then led to the mixing box by the connecting pipe, and the steam at the outlet of the collecting box is led to the downstream superheater.
  • the inner diameter of the water-cooled wall and the water-cooled partition wall of the furnace is larger than the inner diameter of the lower portion at a steam ratio of more than 50%, and the cross-sectional area of the large inner diameter portion of the tube is 1.05 to 3 times the cross-sectional area of the small inner diameter portion.
  • the supercritical circulating fluidized bed water wall system of the patented device comprises a surrounding water wall and a water cooled partition wall.
  • the surrounding water wall and water-cooled partition walls are already used in boilers with small capacity, especially subcritical parameters.
  • the natural circulation (or forced circulation) water wall system consisting of the steam drum-down pipe-water wall-drum used in the boiler below the subcritical parameter cannot be adopted.
  • the patented water-cooled wall and water-cooled partition wall are designed in parallel to solve the problem of increasing water wall area and furnace height under low mass flow rate.
  • the inventor of the present invention finds that the surrounding water wall and the water-cooled partition wall The problem of low load flow stability unique to supercritical circulating fluidized bed boilers has emerged.
  • the conventional supercritical water wall diameter generally has a large inner diameter and a small inner diameter. This is because the upper working medium has a high temperature, and the use of a smaller inner diameter can increase the flow rate of the steam, enhance the cooling capacity of the pipe wall, and lower the wall temperature.
  • the upper pipe diameter is smaller than the lower portion in order to increase the ability of the pipe to withstand internal pressure. The boiler designer knows that the smaller the pipe diameter, the smaller the required wall thickness under the same pipe internal pressure.
  • the inventors of the present patent found in the study that a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler with a low mass flow rate is different from a conventional boiler, and when the stability problem is solved, the conventional method cannot be used.
  • the working fluid water, steam or soda mixture
  • the working fluid in the water-cooled wall and the water-cooled partition wall is heated during the flow, and the volume flow rate is increased as it is heated, in order to achieve a "self-compensating characteristic" of the low mass flow rate, Preventing the water from being heated and vaporized, the generated steam further blocks the water wall tube, causing the flow to decrease, and forming a negative feedback.
  • the inventor of the present invention needs to change according to the specific volume of the working medium in the upper part of the surrounding water wall and the water cooling partition wall.
  • the inner diameter of the tube in the upper part of the water wall and the water-cooling partition wall around the furnace is larger than the inner diameter of the lower part.
  • the position of the upper and lower pipe diameters of the surrounding water wall and water-cooled partition wall pipe should avoid the area where the working medium phase change (from water to steam), so the pipe is enlarged at a position where the steam ratio is more than 50%. path.
  • the cross-sectional area of the upper tube is 1.05 to 3 times the cross-sectional area of the lower tube.
  • the water-cooled partition wall extends from the bottom of the furnace to the top.
  • the cost is greatly increased.
  • the surrounding water wall and the water cooling partition wall disclosed in this patent have many advantages.
  • the prior art expansion screen if the height of the furnace of the supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler is increased in the upper part of the furnace, the material concentration in the upper part of the furnace is lower, the heat transfer coefficient of the upper part is lowered, and the heat exchange efficiency of the expanded screen is low. To achieve the same amount of heat absorption, more material is needed.
  • the water-cooled partition wall of the patent extends from the bottom of the furnace to the top, and a water-cooled partition wall is arranged in the middle and lower part of the furnace, and the heat transfer coefficient is high, which can save materials.
  • the water-cooled partition wall is disposed on the furnace water wall opposite to the furnace flue gas outlet passage, and the water-cooled partition wall is welded to the furnace water wall at the joint position.
  • the water-cooled partition wall is arranged on the water wall of the furnace opposite to the flue gas outlet passage of the furnace, which is beneficial to the organized flow of the flue gas in the furnace to prevent irregular eddy currents and smoke wear and tear.
  • the water-cooled partition wall and the surrounding water wall are welded and connected, which is beneficial to prevent vibration and deformation of the water-cooled partition wall.
  • the water-cooled partition wall is heated on both sides, and the inner diameter of the tube constituting the water-cooled partition wall is larger than the inner diameter of the tube constituting the water wall around the furnace.
  • the water-cooled partition wall is in the furnace, and the pipe absorbs heat strongly.
  • the preferred method is that the pipe diameter of the water-cooled partition wall is larger than the diameter of the surrounding water wall.
  • the inner diameter of the tube where the water wall around the furnace is bent to form the flue gas outlet passage is larger than the inner diameter of the tube at other locations.
  • the water-cooled partition wall has a different heating length, and the upper portion of the partition wall covers the refractory material for the tube having a short heat absorption length.
  • the width of the water-cooled partition wall does not exceed half the depth of the furnace. This program does not affect the organized flow of smoke in the furnace.
  • a plurality of water-cooled partition walls are arranged, and each water-cooled partition wall is symmetrically arranged on the furnace section.
  • a plurality of water-cooled partition walls may be arranged in the furnace formed by the surrounding water wall, and when the water cooling partition wall is arranged in multiple places, it shall be symmetrically arranged in the furnace, which is favorable for uniform furnace temperature. .
  • a flue gas outlet passage is arranged on both sides of the furnace of the boiler, and a plurality of water-cooled partition walls are arranged between the flue gas outlet passages on both sides and arranged in a row, and a flue gas is left between the water-cooled partition walls. aisle.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the water-cooling wall of the supercritical CFB boiler realizes a low mass flow rate, and at the same time solves the problem of increasing the water wall area and the furnace height under the low mass flow rate; in particular, solving the low-temperature flow rate supercritical CFB boiler water wall under low load
  • the problem of reduced flow stability prevents the negative feedback of the water wall system from occurring.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement structure of the water-cooled partition wall when the furnace flue gas outlet passage is arranged on both sides of the boiler;
  • 1 is the furnace
  • 2 is the separation device
  • 3 is the economizer
  • 5 is the tail flue
  • 6 is the returning device
  • 8 is the water wall
  • 11 is the surrounding water wall
  • 14 is the sinking box
  • 16 is the concentration
  • the down pipe 17 is a water-cooled partition wall
  • 18 is a flue gas outlet passage
  • 21 is a superheater.
  • a method for achieving a low mass flow rate in a water-cooled wall of a supercritical CFB boiler is as follows:
  • the flue gas flow (Q) generated by the combustion is calculated, and then the cross-sectional area of the furnace is obtained from the flue gas flow rate and the flue gas flow rate in the furnace: the main elemental carbon in the fuel (C) Hydrogen (H) Sulfur (S) combustion releases heat and also produces flue gas.
  • the amount of heat released and the amount of smoke produced are known from well-known chemical knowledge.
  • the flue gas flow rate Q can be calculated based on the heat that the steam needs to absorb and the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel.
  • the circumference (L) of the furnace is obtained according to the cross-sectional area of the furnace and the cross-sectional shape of the designed furnace; if the rectangular section furnace is selected, the length (a) of the furnace of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is comprehensively considered.
  • Proportion, a*b S, determine a, b.
  • Furnace circumference L 2 * (a + b).
  • the inner diameter and the number of the water wall tubes constituting the furnace are selected according to the mass flow rate range of 700 to 350 kg/m 2 .s, and the water wall of the furnace is separated by the surrounding water wall and the water cooling partition.
  • the wall is connected in parallel:
  • the inner diameter of the surrounding water wall tube is r1, the number of water wall tubes around the wall is m1, the inner diameter of the water-cooling partition wall tube is r2, and the number of water-cooling partition walls is m2;
  • a supercritical cycle boiler water wall system comprising a low temperature flow rate (the optimum mass flow rate range of 700 to 350 kg/m 2 .s) is surrounded by a water wall 11 and a water cooled partition wall 17
  • the feed water of the boiler is led from the concentrated downcomer to the water wall 11 and the water cooled partition 17 around the furnace.
  • the working medium is heated in the surrounding water wall 11 and the water-cooling partition wall 17, and the collecting box 14 is mixed by the connecting pipe.
  • the steam at the outlet of the header tank 14 is directed to the downstream superheater 21.
  • the pressure fluctuation and the flow instability caused by the endothermic expansion of the working fluid in the water-cooled wall 11 and the water-cooled partition wall 17 around the furnace are prevented, and the water-cooled wall 11 is formed around the furnace.
  • the inner diameter of the pipe in the upper part of the water-cooling partition wall 17 is larger than the inner diameter of the lower part, and the pipe diameter is increased at a position where the steam ratio is more than 50%, and the cross-sectional area of the upper pipe is 1.05 to 3 times the sectional area of the lower pipe.
  • the water-cooling partition wall 17 is disposed on the furnace water wall 11 facing the furnace flue gas outlet passage 18, and in the contact position, the water-cooling partition wall 17 is welded and connected to the surrounding water wall 11. This connection prevents the water-cooled partition wall 17 from vibrating.
  • the water-cooling partition wall 17 is heated on both sides, that is, the water-cooling partition wall 17 is placed in the furnace, and both sides are not connected and fixed to the surrounding water-cooling wall 11, and the inner diameter of the tube constituting the water-cooling partition wall 17 is larger than the composition furnace.
  • the inner diameter of the tube around which the water-cooling wall 11 is bent to form the flue gas outlet passage 18 is larger than the inner diameter of the tube at other positions.
  • the pipe having a short heat absorption length is covered with a refractory material in the upper portion of the water-cooling partition wall 17 to prevent the low load from being overheated due to the stagnation of the working medium.
  • the width dimension B of the water-cooling partition wall 17 is preferably not more than 0.5 A, that is, not more than half of the depth of the furnace.
  • a plurality of water-cooling partition walls 17 are arranged, they are preferably arranged symmetrically on the section of the furnace, that is, symmetrically arranged left and right along the left and right side walls of the furnace or symmetrically arranged along the front and rear walls.
  • the furnace flue gas outlet passage 18 when the furnace flue gas outlet passage 18 is disposed on both sides of the furnace of the boiler in the furnace chamber (such as the furnace flue gas outlet passage 18 disposed on the left and right sides of FIG. 2), the plurality of water-cooled partition walls 17 are arranged. Arranged in a row between the flue gas outlet passages 18 on both sides. In this case, there are more than 17 water-cooled partition walls, and a flue gas passage should be left between the water-cooled partition walls 17 to balance the flue gas pressure of the furnace.

Abstract

A water wall of a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler having high flow stability at a low load, and method of providing a low mass flow rate. The circulating fluidized bed boiler comprises a surrounding water wall (11) and a mid-partition water wall (17) of a furnace (1) having a low mass flow rate, and a working medium flows in the surrounding water wall (11) and the mid-partition water wall (17) connected in parallel. Tubes of the surrounding water wall (11) and the mid-partition water wall (17) have a greater inner diameter at locations having a steam content greater than 50% than locations having a steam content less than 50%, and the portion of the tubes having the greater inner diameter has a cross section area 1.05-3 times of a cross section area of the portion of the tubes having the smaller inner diameter. The water wall of the supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler realizes a low mass flow rate, and addresses the problems of an increased water wall area and furnace height when the mass flow rate is low. In addition, the water wall of the supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler addresses the problem of lower flow stability at a low load, thus preventing a negative feedback from happening in a water wall system.

Description

[根据细则37.2由ISA制定的发明名称] 一种低负荷下高流动稳定性的超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁及实现低质量流速的方法[Invention name established by ISA according to Rule 37.2] Water-cooling wall of supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler with high flow stability under low load and method for realizing low mass flow rate 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种循环流化床锅炉,特别是超临界参数的循环流化床锅炉水冷壁系统。The invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler, in particular to a circulating fluidized bed boiler water wall system with supercritical parameters.
背景技术Background technique
超临界锅炉发电机组能够获得更高的发电效率,超临界循环流化床锅炉是指锅炉输出的蒸汽的压力和温度高于水蒸汽的临界参数(22.12MPa,374.15℃)。然而超临界状态下,水和蒸汽没有物理参数上的区别,导致亚临界参数以下锅炉所采用的汽包-下降管-水冷壁-汽包构成的自然循环(或强制循环)水冷壁系统无法采用。超临界锅炉水冷壁系统采用一次直流锅炉,即水冷壁内的工质(水或者水蒸气)一次通过水冷壁。水冷壁内工质的质量流速相比亚临界锅炉自然循环(或强制循环)更低,水冷壁管被工质冷却的状况变差,水冷壁管金属的温度更高,容易出现超温损坏的问题。The supercritical boiler generator set can obtain higher power generation efficiency. The supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler refers to the pressure and temperature of the steam output from the boiler is higher than the critical parameter of water vapor (22.12MPa, 374.15 °C). However, in the supercritical state, there is no difference in physical parameters between water and steam, which results in the natural circulation (or forced circulation) water wall system of the steam drum-down pipe-water wall-fluclet used in the boiler below the subcritical parameter. . The supercritical boiler water wall system uses a primary DC boiler, that is, the working fluid (water or water vapor) in the water wall passes through the water wall once. The mass flow rate of the working fluid in the water wall is lower than that of the subcritical boiler natural circulation (or forced circulation), the water cooling wall tube is cooled by the working medium, the temperature of the water wall tube metal is higher, and the over temperature damage is prone to occur. problem.
超临界锅炉水冷壁工质一次直流,水冷壁工质出口是过热蒸汽,炉膛水冷壁在不同位置,例如前墙水冷壁,侧墙水冷壁,由于位置不同,长度不同,所吸收的热量不同,会引起水冷壁管内工质的温度不同,引起水冷壁管材料温度不同。这种温差如不加以控制,恶劣的情况下会因温度差异起热应力拉裂、破坏水冷壁管子。The supercritical boiler water wall working fluid is once DC, the water wall working fluid outlet is superheated steam, and the furnace water wall is at different positions, such as the front wall water wall and the side wall water wall. Due to different positions and different lengths, the absorbed heat is different. It will cause the temperature of the working fluid in the water wall tube to be different, causing the temperature of the water wall material to be different. If the temperature difference is not controlled, in the bad case, the thermal stress will be cracked due to the temperature difference, and the water wall tube will be destroyed.
常规的超临界煤粉锅炉水冷壁一般采用“螺旋盘管”的水冷壁结构,减小水冷壁管的流通面积,提高水冷壁管内工质的质量流速,同时螺旋盘管依次经过水冷壁的不同位置,尽量均匀吸热,解决水冷壁安全的问题。超超临界煤粉锅炉水冷壁的质量流速一般大于1000kg/m2.s。The water-cooled wall of the conventional supercritical pulverized coal boiler generally adopts the water-cooled wall structure of the "spiral coil", which reduces the flow area of the water-cooled wall tube, improves the mass flow rate of the working medium in the water-cooled wall tube, and simultaneously the spiral coil passes through the water-cooled wall in turn. Position, try to absorb heat evenly to solve the problem of water wall safety. The mass flow rate of the water wall of the ultra-supercritical pulverized coal boiler is generally greater than 1000 kg/m 2 .s.
循环流化床锅炉因为炉膛内有大量的循环物料,靠近水冷壁壁面附近有大量的贴壁下降流物料。螺旋盘管结构水冷壁会被贴壁下降流严重磨损,因而无法在循环流化床锅炉上采用。The circulating fluidized bed boiler has a large amount of circulating material in the furnace, and there is a large amount of adhering downflow material near the wall surface of the water wall. The spiral coil structure water wall is severely worn by the adhering downflow and cannot be used in a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
基于上述原因,超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁采用垂直管布置,水冷壁的质量流速一般较低,一般小于1000kg/m2.s,被称为“垂直管低质量流速”。低质量流速的水冷壁系统利用工质的“自补偿特性”分配水冷壁的流量,使得吸热强的管子分配到多的流量,增强管子冷却,降低管壁温度。Based on the above reasons, the water cooling wall of the supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler is arranged by a vertical pipe, and the mass flow rate of the water wall is generally low, generally less than 1000 kg/m 2 .s, which is called “vertical pipe low mass flow rate”. The water-cooled wall system with low mass flow rate uses the "self-compensating property" of the working fluid to distribute the flow rate of the water wall, so that the heat-absorbing tube distributes more flow, enhances the tube cooling, and lowers the tube wall temperature.
但是,本专利发明人在研究中却发现,采用低质量流速的超临界CFB锅炉水冷壁存在着较严重的低负荷下流动稳定性差的难题:锅炉在低负荷运行时,由于水冷壁的流量减少,水冷壁管子内工质(水或者蒸汽,或者两者的混合物)流动的稳定性下降,在受到扰动,例如外部加热增强,或者流量减少,容易出现工质流动速度急剧变化,水被加热气化,产 生的蒸汽进一步阻塞水冷壁管子,引发流量减少,形成负向的反馈,最终引发管壁温度升高。However, the inventor of the present invention found in the research that the water-cooled wall of the supercritical CFB boiler with low mass flow rate has a serious problem of poor flow stability under low load: when the boiler is under low load operation, the flow rate of the water wall is reduced. The stability of the flow of the working fluid (water or steam, or a mixture of the two) in the water wall tube is reduced, and is disturbed, for example, external heating is enhanced, or the flow rate is reduced, and the flow velocity of the working medium is liable to change drastically, and the water is heated. Production The raw steam further blocks the waterwall tube, causing a decrease in flow, creating a negative feedback, which ultimately causes the wall temperature to rise.
因此低质量流速的的超临界CFB锅炉水冷壁设计需要设法解决在低负荷时候流动的稳定性问题,防止负向反馈发生。然而,如何实现低质量流速条件下,完成低负荷下高流动稳定性的超临界CFB锅炉水冷壁设计,并没有相关的技术公开。Therefore, the design of the water-cooled wall of the supercritical CFB boiler with low mass flow rate needs to solve the stability problem of flow at low load and prevent the negative feedback from occurring. However, how to achieve the design of the water-cooled wall of supercritical CFB boilers with high flow stability under low load conditions under low-mass flow conditions is not disclosed.
另外,低质量流速的超临界CFB锅炉水冷壁采用一次直流锅炉,即水冷壁内的工质(水或者水蒸气)一次通过水冷壁吸热,直接被加热成过热蒸汽。这要求超临界锅炉水冷壁的吸热量比例(约36-40%)比亚临界水冷壁吸热比例(小于29%)增加,水冷壁系统必须增加更多的面积才能满足要求。如果不采取改进措施锅炉水冷壁的高度会增加很快,造成锅炉造价的升高。另外循环流化床锅炉炉膛内换热依赖于循环的物料,炉膛高度增加后炉膛上部的循环物料浓度会降低,水冷壁换热效果也会下降。因此要设法增加超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁的面积,但不引起炉膛高度快速增加。In addition, the water-cooling wall of the super-critical CFB boiler with low mass flow rate adopts a primary-current boiler, that is, the working fluid (water or water vapor) in the water-cooling wall absorbs heat once through the water-cooling wall and is directly heated into superheated steam. This requires that the proportion of heat absorption of the water-cooled wall of the supercritical boiler (about 36-40%) increases the proportion of heat absorption of the critical water wall (less than 29%), and the water wall system must increase the area to meet the requirements. If no improvement measures are taken, the height of the boiler water wall will increase rapidly, resulting in an increase in boiler cost. In addition, the heat transfer in the furnace of the circulating fluidized bed boiler depends on the circulating materials. After the height of the furnace is increased, the circulating material concentration in the upper part of the furnace is reduced, and the heat transfer effect of the water wall is also reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the area of the water wall of the supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler, but does not cause a rapid increase in the height of the furnace.
在解决水冷壁面积增加方面,现有技术中存在水冷壁和扩展屏串联的方案,该方案在炉膛内增加屏式扩展受热面,降低了炉膛高度,降低了锅炉造价和制造难度。但是这种串联结构对水冷壁出口的蒸汽的干度有严格要求,比如“锅炉30%负荷工况下,工质干度要≥80%”“锅炉50%负荷工况下,水冷壁将工质加热为饱和蒸汽”。上述要求使得水冷壁还是必须有足够的面积,使得炉膛高度降低幅度有限。此外水冷壁和扩展屏串联,水冷壁系统质量流速很高,尤其是扩展屏的质量流速。质量流速增大对降低管壁的温度作用有限,还会使水冷壁的阻力增加,增大锅炉给水泵的能耗,降低电厂的经济性。In solving the problem of increasing the water wall area, there is a scheme in which the water wall and the expansion screen are connected in series in the prior art, which increases the screen type expansion heating surface in the furnace, reduces the furnace height, and reduces the boiler cost and manufacturing difficulty. However, this series structure has strict requirements on the dryness of the steam at the outlet of the water wall. For example, "under the 30% load condition of the boiler, the dryness of the working medium should be ≥80%" "Under the 50% load condition of the boiler, the water wall will be completed. The mass is heated to saturated steam." The above requirements must make the water wall still have enough area to make the furnace height reduction limited. In addition, the water wall and the expansion screen are connected in series, and the water wall system has a high mass flow rate, especially the mass flow rate of the expansion screen. The increase of the mass flow rate has a limited effect on reducing the temperature of the pipe wall, and also increases the resistance of the water wall, increases the energy consumption of the boiler feed water pump, and reduces the economic efficiency of the power plant.
发明的内容Content of the invention
本发明的目的:超临界CFB锅炉水冷壁实现低质量流速,同时解决低质量流速下增加水冷壁面积和炉膛高度问题;特别是,解决低质量流速的超临界CFB锅炉水冷壁在低负荷下流动稳定性下降问题,防止水冷壁系统负向反馈发生。The object of the invention is that the water-cooling wall of the supercritical CFB boiler realizes a low mass flow rate, and at the same time solves the problem of increasing the water wall area and the furnace height under the low mass flow rate; in particular, the water-cooling wall of the supercritical CFB boiler which solves the low mass flow rate flows under a low load; The problem of stability degradation prevents the negative feedback of the water wall system from occurring.
本专利的目的通过下述技术方案来实现:The purpose of this patent is achieved by the following technical solutions:
超临界CFB锅炉水冷壁实现低质量流速的方法,步骤为:A method for achieving a low mass flow rate in a water-cooled wall of a supercritical CFB boiler is as follows:
首先,根据CFB锅炉的蒸汽流量(T)和燃料,计算出燃烧生成的烟气流量(Q),然后由烟气流量和炉膛内的烟气流速得到炉膛的截面面积:燃料中的主要元素碳(C)氢(H)硫(S)燃烧会放出热量,也会产生烟气,放出的热量和产生的烟气量由公知的化学知识可知。根据蒸汽需要吸收的热量和燃料燃烧产生的热量平衡,可以计算得到烟气流量Q。炉膛内的烟气流速选择一般为V=4-6m/s.Q/V=S,S就是炉膛的截面面积。First, based on the steam flow (T) and fuel of the CFB boiler, the flue gas flow (Q) generated by the combustion is calculated, and then the cross-sectional area of the furnace is obtained from the flue gas flow rate and the flue gas flow rate in the furnace: the main elemental carbon in the fuel (C) Hydrogen (H) Sulfur (S) combustion releases heat and also produces flue gas. The amount of heat released and the amount of smoke produced are known from well-known chemical knowledge. The flue gas flow rate Q can be calculated based on the heat that the steam needs to absorb and the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel. The flow rate of the flue gas in the furnace is generally V=4-6m/s.Q/V=S, and S is the cross-sectional area of the furnace.
第二步,根据得到炉膛的截面面积,以及设计的炉膛的截面形状,得到炉膛的周长(L); 如果选择的是矩形截面炉膛,综合考虑循环流化床锅炉炉膛的长(a)宽(b)比例,a*b=S,确定a,b。炉膛周长L=2*(a+b)。In the second step, the circumference (L) of the furnace is obtained according to the cross-sectional area of the furnace and the cross-sectional shape of the designed furnace; If a rectangular section furnace is selected, consider the ratio of the length (a) width (b) of the furnace of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, a*b=S, and determine a, b. Furnace circumference L = 2 * (a + b).
第三步,根据得到的炉膛周长(L),按质量流速范围是700~350kg/m2.s选取组成炉膛水冷壁管子的内径和数量,且炉膛水冷壁由四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙并联构成:In the third step, according to the obtained furnace circumference (L), the inner diameter and the number of the water wall tubes constituting the furnace are selected according to the mass flow rate range of 700 to 350 kg/m 2 .s, and the water wall of the furnace is separated by the surrounding water wall and the water cooling partition. The wall is connected in parallel:
四周水冷壁管内径r1,四周水冷壁管数量m1,水冷中隔墙管内径r2,水冷中隔墙管数量m2;The inner diameter of the surrounding water wall tube is r1, the number of water wall tubes around the wall is m1, the inner diameter of the water-cooling partition wall tube is r2, and the number of water-cooling partition walls is m2;
炉膛水冷壁流通面积A=(3.14*r12/4)*m1+(3.14*r22/4)m2.水冷壁质量流速t=T/A.t最佳的范围是700~350kg/m2.s,m1和m2要同时满足水冷壁扁钢温度的要求。The flow area of the furnace wall is A=(3.14*r1 2 /4)*m1+(3.14*r2 2 /4)m2. The optimum range of the water wall mass flow rate t=T/At is 700-350kg/m 2 .s, M1 and m2 should meet the requirements of the temperature of the flat wall of the water wall.
本专利方法中,水冷壁管数量m1和中隔墙管数量m2太少扁钢尺寸大,扁钢温度会超过允许数值。水冷壁管内径面积和数量的乘积就是炉膛水冷壁的流通面积。为实现最佳的低质量流速效果,最佳的质量流速范围是700~350kg/m2.s。质量流速高水冷壁不同管内工质流量偏差就大,出口的温差就大。太低的质量流速,也有可能引发流动停止,导致传热恶化。通过本专利的上述3个步骤,特别是四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙并联方式,能够实现低质量流速。In the patented method, the number of water-cooled wall tubes m1 and the number of middle partition wall tubes m2 are too small, the flat steel is large in size, and the flat steel temperature will exceed the allowable value. The product of the inner diameter area and the number of water wall tubes is the flow area of the furnace wall. For optimum low mass flow rates, the optimum mass flow rate range is 700 to 350 kg/m 2 .s. The mass flow rate is high. The water flow wall has different deviations in the flow rate of the working fluid, and the temperature difference of the outlet is large. Too low mass flow rate may also cause flow to stop, resulting in heat transfer deterioration. The low mass flow rate can be achieved by the above three steps of the patent, in particular the parallel arrangement of the surrounding water wall and the water cooled partition wall.
一种低负荷下高流动稳定性的超临界CFB锅炉水冷壁,包括低质量流速的炉膛四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙,以及集中下降管和连接管,工质的流动在四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙是并联的,锅炉的给水由集中下降管分别引至四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙,然后由连接管引至汇聚集箱混合,汇聚集箱出口的蒸汽引至下游的过热器,且炉膛四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙的管子在蒸汽比例大于50%以上的位置的内径大于其下位置的内径,管子大内径部分的截面积是小内径部分截面积的1.05~3倍。A water-cooling wall of a supercritical CFB boiler with high flow stability under low load, comprising a water-cooled wall and a water-cooled partition wall around the furnace with a low mass flow rate, and a concentrated down pipe and a connecting pipe, the working fluid flows in the surrounding water wall and water cooling The middle partition walls are connected in parallel. The feed water of the boiler is led to the surrounding water wall and the water-cooled partition wall by the concentrated down pipe, and then led to the mixing box by the connecting pipe, and the steam at the outlet of the collecting box is led to the downstream superheater. Moreover, the inner diameter of the water-cooled wall and the water-cooled partition wall of the furnace is larger than the inner diameter of the lower portion at a steam ratio of more than 50%, and the cross-sectional area of the large inner diameter portion of the tube is 1.05 to 3 times the cross-sectional area of the small inner diameter portion.
本专利装置的超临界循环流化床水冷壁系统包含四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙。虽然四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙这种部件在小容量、特别是亚临界参数以下的锅炉上已经有应用。但锅炉的参数达到超临界以后,亚临界参数以下锅炉所采用的汽包-下降管-水冷壁-汽包构成的自然循环(或强制循环)水冷壁系统无法采用。本专利的四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙并联设计解决低质量流速下增加水冷壁面积和炉膛高度问题。同时由于采用低质量流速设计(质量流速一般小于1000kg/m2.s,特别是700~350kg/m2.s),如前所述,本专利发明人发现,四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙出现了超临界循环流化床锅炉所特有的低负荷流动稳定性问题。The supercritical circulating fluidized bed water wall system of the patented device comprises a surrounding water wall and a water cooled partition wall. Although the surrounding water wall and water-cooled partition walls are already used in boilers with small capacity, especially subcritical parameters. However, after the parameters of the boiler reach supercritical, the natural circulation (or forced circulation) water wall system consisting of the steam drum-down pipe-water wall-drum used in the boiler below the subcritical parameter cannot be adopted. The patented water-cooled wall and water-cooled partition wall are designed in parallel to solve the problem of increasing water wall area and furnace height under low mass flow rate. At the same time, due to the low mass flow rate design (the mass flow rate is generally less than 1000kg/m 2 .s, especially 700-350kg/m 2 .s), as described above, the inventor of the present invention finds that the surrounding water wall and the water-cooled partition wall The problem of low load flow stability unique to supercritical circulating fluidized bed boilers has emerged.
常规的超临界水冷壁管径一般下部内径大,上部内径小。这是因为,上部工质温度高,使用较小的内径能够提高蒸汽的流速,增强对管壁的冷却能力,降低管壁温度。另外,上部管径比下部小,是为了增加管子承受内压的能力。锅炉设计者清楚,相同管子内压情况下,管径越小,所需的壁厚就越小。 The conventional supercritical water wall diameter generally has a large inner diameter and a small inner diameter. This is because the upper working medium has a high temperature, and the use of a smaller inner diameter can increase the flow rate of the steam, enhance the cooling capacity of the pipe wall, and lower the wall temperature. In addition, the upper pipe diameter is smaller than the lower portion in order to increase the ability of the pipe to withstand internal pressure. The boiler designer knows that the smaller the pipe diameter, the smaller the required wall thickness under the same pipe internal pressure.
而本专利的发明人在研究中发现:低质量流速的超临界循环流化床锅炉与常规的锅炉不同,解决稳定性问题时,不能按常规的方法。四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙的管子内的工质(水、蒸汽或汽水混合物)在流动过程中被加热,体积流速随着被加热不断增加,为实现低质量流速的“自补偿特性”,防止水被加热气化,产生的蒸汽进一步阻塞水冷壁管子,引发流量减少,形成负向的反馈,本专利发明人在四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙的上部需根据工质的比容变化,增大管子的内径。即形成:炉膛四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙的上部的管子内径大于下部的内径。此外,四周水冷壁、水冷中隔墙管子上部和下部管径变化的位置应避开管内工质相变(由水变成蒸汽)的区域,因此在蒸汽比例大于50%以上的位置增大管径。且上部管子的截面积是下部管子截面积的1.05~3倍。The inventors of the present patent found in the study that a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler with a low mass flow rate is different from a conventional boiler, and when the stability problem is solved, the conventional method cannot be used. The working fluid (water, steam or soda mixture) in the water-cooled wall and the water-cooled partition wall is heated during the flow, and the volume flow rate is increased as it is heated, in order to achieve a "self-compensating characteristic" of the low mass flow rate, Preventing the water from being heated and vaporized, the generated steam further blocks the water wall tube, causing the flow to decrease, and forming a negative feedback. The inventor of the present invention needs to change according to the specific volume of the working medium in the upper part of the surrounding water wall and the water cooling partition wall. Increase the inner diameter of the tube. That is, the inner diameter of the tube in the upper part of the water wall and the water-cooling partition wall around the furnace is larger than the inner diameter of the lower part. In addition, the position of the upper and lower pipe diameters of the surrounding water wall and water-cooled partition wall pipe should avoid the area where the working medium phase change (from water to steam), so the pipe is enlarged at a position where the steam ratio is more than 50%. path. And the cross-sectional area of the upper tube is 1.05 to 3 times the cross-sectional area of the lower tube.
作为选择,四周水冷壁、水冷中隔墙管子上部和下部之间没有混合或(和)分配的装置。该方案能避免在混合或(和)分配装置中发生工质分层、水和蒸汽分配不均匀。Alternatively, there is no mixing or (and) dispensing device between the upper and lower portions of the water wall, water cooled partition wall pipe. This solution avoids stratification of the working fluid, uneven distribution of water and steam in the mixing or (and) dispensing device.
作为选择,水冷中隔墙从炉膛底部一直延伸到顶部。该方案中,为了增加水冷壁系统换热面积,同时不过多增加锅炉高度,造成成本大幅度增加,本专利公开的四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙有很多优点。现有技术的扩展屏,如果布置在炉膛的上部,超临界循环流化床锅炉炉膛高度增加后,炉膛上部物料浓度较低,上部的传热系数下降,扩展屏的换热效率较低,为达到相同的吸热量,需要更多的材料。本专利的水冷中隔墙从炉膛底部一直延伸到顶部,在炉膛的中下部布置有水冷中隔墙,换热系数高,能够节约材料。Alternatively, the water-cooled partition wall extends from the bottom of the furnace to the top. In this solution, in order to increase the heat exchange area of the water wall system, and at the same time not increase the boiler height, the cost is greatly increased. The surrounding water wall and the water cooling partition wall disclosed in this patent have many advantages. In the prior art expansion screen, if the height of the furnace of the supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler is increased in the upper part of the furnace, the material concentration in the upper part of the furnace is lower, the heat transfer coefficient of the upper part is lowered, and the heat exchange efficiency of the expanded screen is low. To achieve the same amount of heat absorption, more material is needed. The water-cooled partition wall of the patent extends from the bottom of the furnace to the top, and a water-cooled partition wall is arranged in the middle and lower part of the furnace, and the heat transfer coefficient is high, which can save materials.
作为选择,水冷中隔墙布置在与炉膛烟气出口通道正对的炉膛水冷壁上,在相接位置,水冷中隔墙与炉膛水冷壁焊接连接在一起。该方案中,水冷中隔墙布置在与炉膛烟气出口通道正对的炉膛水冷壁上,有利于炉膛内烟气有组织流动,防止出现不规则的涡流,发生烟气冲刷磨损。水冷中隔墙和四周水冷壁焊接连接,有利于防止水冷中隔墙震动和变形。Alternatively, the water-cooled partition wall is disposed on the furnace water wall opposite to the furnace flue gas outlet passage, and the water-cooled partition wall is welded to the furnace water wall at the joint position. In this scheme, the water-cooled partition wall is arranged on the water wall of the furnace opposite to the flue gas outlet passage of the furnace, which is beneficial to the organized flow of the flue gas in the furnace to prevent irregular eddy currents and smoke wear and tear. The water-cooled partition wall and the surrounding water wall are welded and connected, which is beneficial to prevent vibration and deformation of the water-cooled partition wall.
作为选择,水冷中隔墙双面受热,组成水冷中隔墙的管子内径大于组成炉膛四周水冷壁的管子内径。该方案中,水冷中隔墙在炉膛内,管子吸热强烈,优选的方案水冷中隔墙的管径大于四周水冷壁的管径。Alternatively, the water-cooled partition wall is heated on both sides, and the inner diameter of the tube constituting the water-cooled partition wall is larger than the inner diameter of the tube constituting the water wall around the furnace. In this scheme, the water-cooled partition wall is in the furnace, and the pipe absorbs heat strongly. The preferred method is that the pipe diameter of the water-cooled partition wall is larger than the diameter of the surrounding water wall.
作为选择,炉膛四周水冷壁弯曲形成烟气出口通道的部分的管子内径大于其他位置管子的内径。该方案中,在四周水冷壁上部有较多弯管,造成工质流动阻力大的区域,例如烟气出口等,这些区域的管子内径大于其他位置管子的内径。Alternatively, the inner diameter of the tube where the water wall around the furnace is bent to form the flue gas outlet passage is larger than the inner diameter of the tube at other locations. In this solution, there are many curved pipes in the upper part of the surrounding water wall, which cause a large flow resistance of the working fluid, such as a flue gas outlet, and the inner diameter of the pipe in these areas is larger than the inner diameter of the pipe at other positions.
作为选择,水冷中隔墙受热长度不同,在水冷中隔墙的上部对吸热长度短的管子覆盖耐火材料。Alternatively, the water-cooled partition wall has a different heating length, and the upper portion of the partition wall covers the refractory material for the tube having a short heat absorption length.
作为选择,水冷中隔墙的宽度不超过炉膛深度的一半。该方案不影响炉膛内烟气有组织流动。 Alternatively, the width of the water-cooled partition wall does not exceed half the depth of the furnace. This program does not affect the organized flow of smoke in the furnace.
作为选择,水冷中隔墙布置多个,各水冷中隔墙在炉膛断面上对称布置。该方案中,为增加水冷壁系统的面积,可以多个水冷中隔墙布置在四周水冷壁形成的炉膛内,水冷中隔墙多个布置时,应对称布置在炉膛内,有利于炉膛温度均匀。Alternatively, a plurality of water-cooled partition walls are arranged, and each water-cooled partition wall is symmetrically arranged on the furnace section. In this scheme, in order to increase the area of the water wall system, a plurality of water-cooled partition walls may be arranged in the furnace formed by the surrounding water wall, and when the water cooling partition wall is arranged in multiple places, it shall be symmetrically arranged in the furnace, which is favorable for uniform furnace temperature. .
作为选择,锅炉的炉膛两侧都布置有烟气出口通道,多个水冷中隔墙布置在两侧烟气出口通道之间并排列成一排面,且各水冷中隔墙之间留有烟气通道。Alternatively, a flue gas outlet passage is arranged on both sides of the furnace of the boiler, and a plurality of water-cooled partition walls are arranged between the flue gas outlet passages on both sides and arranged in a row, and a flue gas is left between the water-cooled partition walls. aisle.
前述本发明主方案及其各进一步选择方案可以自由组合以形成多个方案,均为本发明可采用并要求保护的方案:如本发明,各选择即可和其他选择任意组合,本领域技术人员在了解本发明方案后根据现有技术和公知常识可明了有多种组合,均为本发明所要保护的技术方案,在此不做穷举。The foregoing main scheme of the present invention and its further alternatives can be freely combined to form a plurality of schemes, all of which can be adopted and claimed in the present invention: as in the present invention, each option can be arbitrarily combined with other options, and those skilled in the art can It will be apparent from the prior art and common general knowledge that various combinations are possible after understanding the present invention, and are all technical solutions to be protected by the present invention, and are not exhaustive.
本发明的有益效果:超临界CFB锅炉水冷壁实现低质量流速,同时解决低质量流速下增加水冷壁面积和炉膛高度问题;特别是,解决低质量流速的超临界CFB锅炉水冷壁在低负荷下流动稳定性下降问题,防止水冷壁系统负向反馈发生。The invention has the beneficial effects that the water-cooling wall of the supercritical CFB boiler realizes a low mass flow rate, and at the same time solves the problem of increasing the water wall area and the furnace height under the low mass flow rate; in particular, solving the low-temperature flow rate supercritical CFB boiler water wall under low load The problem of reduced flow stability prevents the negative feedback of the water wall system from occurring.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1是本发明实施例的结构示意图;1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是锅炉的炉两侧都布置炉膛烟气出口通道时的水冷中隔墙布置结构示意图;2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement structure of the water-cooled partition wall when the furnace flue gas outlet passage is arranged on both sides of the boiler;
图中,1为炉膛,2为分离装置,3为省煤器,5为尾部烟道,6为回料装置,8为水冷壁,11为四周水冷壁,14为汇聚集箱,16为集中下降管,17为水冷中隔墙,18为烟气出口通道,21为过热器。In the figure, 1 is the furnace, 2 is the separation device, 3 is the economizer, 5 is the tail flue, 6 is the returning device, 8 is the water wall, 11 is the surrounding water wall, 14 is the sinking box, 16 is the concentration The down pipe, 17 is a water-cooled partition wall, 18 is a flue gas outlet passage, and 21 is a superheater.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
超临界CFB锅炉水冷壁实现低质量流速的方法,步骤为:A method for achieving a low mass flow rate in a water-cooled wall of a supercritical CFB boiler is as follows:
首先,根据CFB锅炉的蒸汽流量(T)和燃料,计算出燃烧生成的烟气流量(Q),然后由烟气流量和炉膛内的烟气流速得到炉膛的截面面积:燃料中的主要元素碳(C)氢(H)硫(S)燃烧会放出热量,也会产生烟气,放出的热量和产生的烟气量由公知的化学知识可知。根据蒸汽需要吸收的热量和燃料燃烧产生的热量平衡,可以计算得到烟气流量Q。炉膛内的烟气流速选择一般为V=4-6m/s.Q/V=S,S就是炉膛的截面面积。First, based on the steam flow (T) and fuel of the CFB boiler, the flue gas flow (Q) generated by the combustion is calculated, and then the cross-sectional area of the furnace is obtained from the flue gas flow rate and the flue gas flow rate in the furnace: the main elemental carbon in the fuel (C) Hydrogen (H) Sulfur (S) combustion releases heat and also produces flue gas. The amount of heat released and the amount of smoke produced are known from well-known chemical knowledge. The flue gas flow rate Q can be calculated based on the heat that the steam needs to absorb and the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel. The flow rate of the flue gas in the furnace is generally V=4-6m/s.Q/V=S, and S is the cross-sectional area of the furnace.
第二步,根据得到炉膛的截面面积,以及设计的炉膛的截面形状,得到炉膛的周长(L);如果选择的是矩形截面炉膛,综合考虑循环流化床锅炉炉膛的长(a)宽(b)比例,a*b=S,确定a,b。炉膛周长L=2*(a+b)。In the second step, the circumference (L) of the furnace is obtained according to the cross-sectional area of the furnace and the cross-sectional shape of the designed furnace; if the rectangular section furnace is selected, the length (a) of the furnace of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is comprehensively considered. (b) Proportion, a*b=S, determine a, b. Furnace circumference L = 2 * (a + b).
第三步,根据得到的炉膛周长(L),按质量流速范围是700~350kg/m2.s选取组成炉膛水冷壁管子的内径和数量,且炉膛水冷壁由四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙并联构成: In the third step, according to the obtained furnace circumference (L), the inner diameter and the number of the water wall tubes constituting the furnace are selected according to the mass flow rate range of 700 to 350 kg/m 2 .s, and the water wall of the furnace is separated by the surrounding water wall and the water cooling partition. The wall is connected in parallel:
四周水冷壁管内径r1,四周水冷壁管数量m1,水冷中隔墙管内径r2,水冷中隔墙管数量m2;The inner diameter of the surrounding water wall tube is r1, the number of water wall tubes around the wall is m1, the inner diameter of the water-cooling partition wall tube is r2, and the number of water-cooling partition walls is m2;
炉膛水冷壁流通面积A=(3.14*r12/4)*m1+(3.14*r22/4)m2.水冷壁质量流速t=T/A.t最佳的范围是700~350kg/m2.s,m1和m2要同时满足水冷壁扁钢温度的要求。The flow area of the furnace wall is A=(3.14*r1 2 /4)*m1+(3.14*r2 2 /4)m2. The optimum range of the water wall mass flow rate t=T/At is 700-350kg/m 2 .s, M1 and m2 should meet the requirements of the temperature of the flat wall of the water wall.
参考图1所示,一种超临界循环锅炉水冷壁系统,包含低质量流速(最佳的质量流速范围是700 ̄350kg/m2.s)的炉膛四周水冷壁11和水冷中隔墙17,锅炉的给水由集中下降管引至并行的炉膛四周水冷壁11和水冷中隔墙17。工质在四周水冷壁11和水冷中隔墙17中被加热,由连接管引起汇聚集箱14混合。在超临界工况下,汇聚集箱14出口的蒸汽被引至下游的过热器21。为了满足超临界循环流化床锅炉在低负荷运行时安全,防止炉膛四周水冷壁11和水冷中隔墙17内工质吸热膨胀引起的压力波动和流动不稳定,在组成炉膛四周水冷壁11和水冷中隔墙17上部的管子内径大于下部的内径,且在蒸汽比例大于50%以上的位置增大管径,且上部管子的截面积是下部管子截面积的1.05~3倍。Referring to Figure 1, a supercritical cycle boiler water wall system comprising a low temperature flow rate (the optimum mass flow rate range of 700 to 350 kg/m 2 .s) is surrounded by a water wall 11 and a water cooled partition wall 17 The feed water of the boiler is led from the concentrated downcomer to the water wall 11 and the water cooled partition 17 around the furnace. The working medium is heated in the surrounding water wall 11 and the water-cooling partition wall 17, and the collecting box 14 is mixed by the connecting pipe. Under supercritical conditions, the steam at the outlet of the header tank 14 is directed to the downstream superheater 21. In order to meet the safety of the supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler during low-load operation, the pressure fluctuation and the flow instability caused by the endothermic expansion of the working fluid in the water-cooled wall 11 and the water-cooled partition wall 17 around the furnace are prevented, and the water-cooled wall 11 is formed around the furnace. The inner diameter of the pipe in the upper part of the water-cooling partition wall 17 is larger than the inner diameter of the lower part, and the pipe diameter is increased at a position where the steam ratio is more than 50%, and the cross-sectional area of the upper pipe is 1.05 to 3 times the sectional area of the lower pipe.
水冷中隔墙17布置在与炉膛烟气出口通道18正对的炉膛水冷壁11上,在相接位置,水冷中隔墙17与四周水冷壁11焊接连接在一起。这种连接能够防止水冷中隔墙17震动。当水冷中隔墙17是双面受热时,即水冷中隔墙17置于炉膛中,且两侧均不与四周水冷壁11连接固定,此时组成水冷中隔墙17的管子内径大于组成炉膛四周水冷壁11的管子内径。The water-cooling partition wall 17 is disposed on the furnace water wall 11 facing the furnace flue gas outlet passage 18, and in the contact position, the water-cooling partition wall 17 is welded and connected to the surrounding water wall 11. This connection prevents the water-cooled partition wall 17 from vibrating. When the water-cooling partition wall 17 is heated on both sides, that is, the water-cooling partition wall 17 is placed in the furnace, and both sides are not connected and fixed to the surrounding water-cooling wall 11, and the inner diameter of the tube constituting the water-cooling partition wall 17 is larger than the composition furnace. The inner diameter of the tube surrounding the water wall 11.
四周水冷壁11弯曲形成烟气出口通道18的部分的管子内径大于其他位置管子的内径。The inner diameter of the tube around which the water-cooling wall 11 is bent to form the flue gas outlet passage 18 is larger than the inner diameter of the tube at other positions.
水冷中隔墙17受热长度不同时,在水冷中隔墙17的上部对吸热长度短的管子覆盖耐火材料,以防止低负荷是工质停滞引起的过热。When the water-cooling partition wall 17 is different in heat length, the pipe having a short heat absorption length is covered with a refractory material in the upper portion of the water-cooling partition wall 17 to prevent the low load from being overheated due to the stagnation of the working medium.
为了降低水冷中隔墙17对炉膛内烟气流动的影响,水冷中隔墙17的宽度尺寸B宜不超过0.5A,即不超过炉膛深度的一半。当水冷中隔墙17布置多个时,宜在炉膛断面上对称布置,即沿炉膛左右侧墙方向左右对称排列或沿前后墙方向前后对称排列。In order to reduce the influence of the water-cooling partition wall 17 on the flow of the flue gas in the furnace, the width dimension B of the water-cooling partition wall 17 is preferably not more than 0.5 A, that is, not more than half of the depth of the furnace. When a plurality of water-cooling partition walls 17 are arranged, they are preferably arranged symmetrically on the section of the furnace, that is, symmetrically arranged left and right along the left and right side walls of the furnace or symmetrically arranged along the front and rear walls.
另外一种实施实例,当锅炉的炉两侧都布置炉膛烟气出口通道18在炉膛时(如附图2的左右两侧均布置炉膛烟气出口通道18),多个水冷中隔墙17布置在两侧烟气出口通道18的之间排列成一排面。这种情况下,水冷中隔墙17多个布置,各水冷中隔墙17之间宜留有烟气通道,平衡炉膛的烟气压力。In another embodiment, when the furnace flue gas outlet passage 18 is disposed on both sides of the furnace of the boiler in the furnace chamber (such as the furnace flue gas outlet passage 18 disposed on the left and right sides of FIG. 2), the plurality of water-cooled partition walls 17 are arranged. Arranged in a row between the flue gas outlet passages 18 on both sides. In this case, there are more than 17 water-cooled partition walls, and a flue gas passage should be left between the water-cooled partition walls 17 to balance the flue gas pressure of the furnace.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. Within the scope.

Claims (9)

  1. 超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁实现低质量流速的方法,其特征在于步骤为:A method for achieving a low mass flow rate in a water wall of a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler, characterized in that the steps are:
    首先,根据循环流化床锅炉的蒸汽流量T和燃料,计算出燃烧生成的烟气流量Q,然后由烟气流量和炉膛内的烟气流速V得到炉膛的截面面积S:Q/V=S;First, according to the steam flow rate T and the fuel of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the flue gas flow rate Q generated by the combustion is calculated, and then the cross-sectional area of the furnace is obtained from the flue gas flow rate and the flue gas flow velocity V in the furnace S: Q/V=S ;
    第二步,根据得到炉膛的截面面积,以及设计的炉膛的截面形状,得到炉膛的周长L;In the second step, according to the cross-sectional area of the obtained furnace, and the cross-sectional shape of the designed furnace, the circumference L of the furnace is obtained;
    第三步,根据得到的炉膛周长L,按质量流速范围是700~350kg/m2.s选取组成炉膛水冷壁管子的内径和数量,且炉膛水冷壁由四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙并联构成:In the third step, according to the obtained furnace circumference L, the mass flow rate ranges from 700 to 350 kg/m 2 .s to select the inner diameter and the number of the water wall tubes of the furnace, and the water wall of the furnace is connected by the surrounding water wall and the water-cooled partition wall. Composition:
    四周水冷壁管内径r1,四周水冷壁管数量m1,水冷中隔墙管内径r2,水冷中隔墙管数量m2;炉膛水冷壁流通面积A=(3.14*r12/4)*m1+(3.14*r2/4)m2.水冷壁质量流速t=T/A.且m1和m2要同时满足水冷壁扁钢温度的要求。The inner diameter of the surrounding water wall tube is r1, the number of water wall tubes around the wall is m1, the inner diameter of the water-cooling partition wall tube is r2, the number of water-cooling partition wall tubes is m2; the flow area of the furnace water wall is A=(3.14*r1 2 /4)*m1+(3.14* r 2 /4) m2. The water wall mass flow rate t=T/A. and m1 and m2 should meet the requirements of the water wall flat steel temperature.
  2. 一种低负荷下高流动稳定性的超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁,包括低质量流速的炉膛四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙,以及集中下降管和连接管,其特征在于:工质的流动在四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙是并联的,锅炉的给水由集中下降管分别引至四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙,然后由连接管引至汇聚集箱混合,汇聚集箱出口的蒸汽引至下游的过热器,且炉膛四周水冷壁和水冷中隔墙的管子在蒸汽比例大于50%以上的位置的内径大于其下位置的内径,管子大内径部分的截面积是小内径部分截面积的1.05~3倍。A water-cooling wall of a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler with high flow stability under low load, comprising a water-cooled wall and a water-cooled partition wall surrounding the furnace with a low mass flow rate, and a concentrated down pipe and a connecting pipe, characterized in that: The flow is paralleled in the surrounding water wall and the water-cooled partition wall. The feed water of the boiler is led from the concentrated down pipe to the surrounding water wall and the water-cooled partition wall, and then the connecting pipe is led to the sinking box to mix and the steam at the outlet of the collecting box. Leading to the downstream superheater, and the inner diameter of the water wall and the water-cooling partition wall around the furnace is larger than the inner diameter of the lower part of the steam ratio greater than 50%, and the cross-sectional area of the large inner diameter part of the tube is the small inner diameter partial sectional area. 1.05 to 3 times.
  3. 如权利要求2所述的低负荷下高流动稳定性的超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁,其特征在于:水冷中隔墙布置在与炉膛烟气出口通道正对的炉膛水冷壁上,在相接位置,水冷中隔墙与炉膛水冷壁焊接连接在一起。The water-cooling wall of a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler with high flow stability under low load according to claim 2, wherein the water-cooled partition wall is disposed on the water wall of the furnace facing the flue gas outlet passage of the furnace, In the connected position, the water-cooled partition wall is welded to the furnace wall.
  4. 如权利要求2所述的低负荷下高流动稳定性的超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁,其特征在于:水冷中隔墙双面受热,组成水冷中隔墙的管子内径大于组成炉膛四周水冷壁的管子内径。The water-cooling wall of a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler with high flow stability under low load according to claim 2, wherein the water-cooled partition wall is heated on both sides, and the inner diameter of the tube forming the water-cooled partition wall is larger than the water-cooling around the composition furnace. The inner diameter of the wall of the tube.
  5. 如权利要求1所述的低负荷下高流动稳定性的超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁,其特征在于:炉膛四周水冷壁弯曲形成烟气出口通道的部分的管子内径大于其他位置管子的内径。The water-cooling wall of a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler with high flow stability under low load according to claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the tube in the portion where the water wall is curved to form the flue gas outlet passage is larger than the inner diameter of the tube at other positions. .
  6. 如权利要求1所述的低负荷下高流动稳定性的超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁,其特征在于:水冷中隔墙受热长度不同,在水冷中隔墙的上部对吸热长度短的管子覆盖耐火材料。The water-cooling wall of a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler with high flow stability under low load according to claim 1, wherein the water-cooled partition wall has different heating lengths, and the upper part of the partition wall has a short heat absorption length in the water cooling medium. The pipe is covered with refractory material.
  7. 如权利要求1所述的低负荷下高流动稳定性的超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁,其特征在于:水冷中隔墙的宽度不超过炉膛深度的一半。The water-cooling wall of a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler with high flow stability under low load according to claim 1, wherein the width of the water-cooled partition wall does not exceed half of the depth of the furnace.
  8. 如权利要求1所述的低负荷下高流动稳定性的超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁,其特征在于:水冷中隔墙布置多个,各水冷中隔墙在炉膛断面上对称布置。The water-cooling wall of a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler with high flow stability under low load according to claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of water-cooled partition walls are arranged, and each water-cooled partition wall is symmetrically arranged on the furnace section.
  9. 如权利要求1所述的低负荷下高流动稳定性的超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁,其特征在于:锅炉的炉膛两侧都布置有烟气出口通道,多个水冷中隔墙布置在两侧烟气出口通道之间并排列成一排面,且各水冷中隔墙之间留有烟气通道。 The water-cooling wall of a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler with high flow stability under low load according to claim 1, wherein a flue gas outlet passage is arranged on both sides of the furnace, and a plurality of water-cooled partition walls are arranged at The flue gas outlet passages on both sides are arranged in a row, and a flue gas passage is left between the water-cooled partition walls.
PCT/CN2016/106838 2015-11-25 2016-11-23 Water wall of supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler having high flow stability at low load, and method of realizing low mass flow rate WO2017088742A1 (en)

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CN113834090B (en) * 2021-09-16 2023-03-21 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 Method for reducing temperature difference of water-cooled wall of ultra-supercritical W furnace
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