WO2017088502A1 - 农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统 - Google Patents

农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017088502A1
WO2017088502A1 PCT/CN2016/090464 CN2016090464W WO2017088502A1 WO 2017088502 A1 WO2017088502 A1 WO 2017088502A1 CN 2016090464 W CN2016090464 W CN 2016090464W WO 2017088502 A1 WO2017088502 A1 WO 2017088502A1
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Prior art keywords
water
pipe
inlet
tank
valve
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PCT/CN2016/090464
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴思啸
牛豫谦
苏睿
樊旭辉
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湖北孚龙管业科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2017088502A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017088502A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/04Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16Control of watering
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16Control of watering
    • A01G25/167Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to agricultural irrigation technology, in particular to an agricultural water-saving pulsating intelligent drip irrigation tank micro-irrigation system.
  • micro-irrigation technology is the micro-irrigation technology system.
  • drip irrigation technology which was developed in the 1960s. It is a kind of irrigation system with a dripper as the core. It will filter. There is pressurized water, which is transported to the dripper through the pipeline system, through small flow passages or perforations, into water droplets or fine flow, timely and appropriate supply of water and nutrients to the crop roots, which have been found in the course of use for decades.
  • the drip irrigation system has the following problems: (1) high requirements for use environment, easy to block the dripper; (2) high power consumption and high operating cost; (3) uneven flow between the dripper, the error is more than 30%; 4)
  • the production of key components of the dripper requires high precision and complicated process; (5) short service life; (6) slow response to crop irrigation adjustment; (7) not suitable for underground drip irrigation.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the above seven problems of the conventional drip irrigation system, and to provide an agricultural water-saving pulsating intelligent drip irrigation tank micro-irrigation system.
  • the specific scheme of the invention is: an agricultural water-saving pulsating intelligent drip irrigation tank micro-irrigation system, comprising a water supply pump connecting water source, a water supply pump followed by a check valve A and a swirling water sand separator, after the swirling water sand separator And 1#, 2# two water supply pipes are connected, wherein the 1# water supply pipe is equipped with a shut-off valve A and a check valve B, and the 2# water supply pipe is sequentially equipped with a shut-off valve B, a Y-type filter, and fertilization.
  • the check valve C and the tail ends of the two water supply pipes are connected to the water supply main pipe.
  • the water supply main pipe is equipped with a laminated filter, a flow meter and a pressure gauge.
  • each The main pipe of the water delivery pipe is provided with a dry pipe stop valve, and a return pipe is provided to return the water source.
  • All the water main pipes are connected by a branch pipe and a return pipe, and each branch pipe is provided with a return water check valve;
  • the end of the water main pipe is connected with 1-3 water transfer branch pipes, each end of the water transfer branch pipe is equipped with an exhaust valve, and each drip pipe is forked with a plurality of drip irrigation tanks, and each drip irrigation tank is loaded with
  • There is a drip dispenser, and the drip dispenser is provided with a plurality of water transfer tubes, and each end of the water transfer tube is provided with a drip clock Placed on the ground or underground root of a crop to replenish and replenish crops; equipped with PLC control device to control the water supply pump in the connection system, fertilizer applicator and shut-off valve A, stop valve B and all dry pipe check valves, back
  • the water stop valve and the PLC control device also establish a communication connection with the pressure
  • a flow meter, a pressure gauge and a flow meter are installed on each water main pipe, and a communication connection is established with the PLC control device.
  • the invention provides field weather, soil temperature and humidity detection, and sunshine, rainfall, wind direction and wind speed detection equipment. Set the communication connection with the PLC control device.
  • a water level gauge is provided in the water source, and the water temperature meter establishes a communication connection with the PLC control device.
  • each of the water transfer branch pipes is provided with 60-80 drip irrigation tanks.
  • the drip irrigation tank of the present invention has a tank body, the top of the tank body is provided with a venting hole, the bottom of the tank body is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and a combined water inlet and outlet valve is installed, which is characterized in that: the inlet and outlet water combination
  • the valve has a valve body, and the valve body is provided with an inlet water chamber, a piston chamber and a transition water chamber arranged in an axial horizontal order, the three chambers are connected to each other, the tail end of the transition water chamber is closed, and a seal is arranged at the joint between the inlet chamber and the piston chamber.
  • the diaphragm separates the two chambers, and a compression nut is arranged in the inlet chamber to press and position the sealing diaphragm, and a through-shaft axial water inlet is opened in the compression nut, and the inlet water pipe is externally connected, and the piston chamber is provided with a stop.
  • the valve core is provided with a compression spring resetting and stopping valve core in the transition water chamber; a radial water inlet, a radial water outlet A and a radial water outlet B are also arranged on the valve body, wherein the radial inlet end and the nut
  • the axial inlet is connected, the other end is connected with the water inlet of the tank, one end of the radial water outlet A is connected with the transition water chamber, the other end is connected with the water outlet of the tank, and one end of the radial water outlet B is connected with the piston chamber.
  • the water injection pipe is installed in the tank body, and the one-way water inlet valve is connected with the inlet pipe of the inlet and outlet water combination valve at the lower end of the water injection pipe, and the upper end of the water injection pipe is extended.
  • the top of the water injection pipe is provided with a top plate, the top plate is provided with a central water inlet hole, and the central water inlet hole is provided with a closing float, and the top surface of the floating float is spaced from the top surface of the tank body, and the floating float is kept sufficiently floating. space.
  • a lifting ring is arranged on the top of the tank body, and a ventilating dust cover is arranged on the vent hole;
  • the tank body is composed of an upper tank body and a lower tank lid, and the tank body and the lower tank lid are respectively provided at the joints of the tank body and the lower tank lid. Butt joints with bolted connections.
  • a flow regulating valve is installed on each of the water transfer tubes.
  • the closing float of the present invention comprises a cap and a water stop head, the cap is located outside the water injection pipe, the water stop head is located in the water injection pipe, and the water stop head is provided with a central water inlet hole through which the connecting rib passes through the top of the water injection pipe Connected with a cap composition.
  • the inner diameter of the inlet cavity > the inner diameter of the piston cavity > the inner diameter of the transition water cavity.
  • the vent hole at the top of the can body is provided with a venting cap.
  • n number of cycles
  • the indicator can be fully completed within the set time interval.
  • n number of cycles
  • Water should supply water and nutrients to the roots of crops in the form of water droplets in a timely and appropriate amount.
  • the following is the hydraulic formula of water droplets (extracted from Mr. Zhang Zhixin's "Drip Irrigation Work Planning and Design Principles and Applications")
  • a fundamental measure of anti-clogging is to maximize the inner diameter of the micro-tube under the premise of ensuring the flow rate of the dripper (2-12 liters/hour).
  • the drip tank can be understood as a closed space.
  • the flow of water from the tank is not only affected by gravity, but also by atmospheric pressure.
  • the air-controlled water regulating valve is used to regulate the atmosphere into the tank.
  • the amount of intake air can control the dripper flow.
  • this air-controlled water volume regulating valve is required to be very precise. Since air flows from the valve body flow passage, there is no solid material blocking the flow passage. This is a good way to regulate traffic.
  • the dripper is a pressure-reducing and energy-dissipating device.
  • the pressurized water flow on the capillary tube is supplied to the root zone of the crop by the dripping water after the dripper is dissipated, and the water pump motor during the irrigation period. Always keep moving.
  • the drip tank is used to pump water into the drip tank through the pump motor. After the water is filled, the pump motor is stopped, and then the water is supplied to the root zone of the crop by gravity. There is no process of depressurization and energy dissipation. Therefore, energy consumption is greatly saved.
  • the effluent of the dripper is even and stable: due to the influence of the topography, landform and the loss of the head of the pipe network, only the gravity adjustment is adopted, and the height difference between the tank body and the ground surface is determined, and the uniformity of the output can be determined.
  • the tank can be assembled in the factory, the detection performance, the method is simple, fast, convenient factory, machine production and assembly line assembly.
  • the components are simple to manufacture, mature in technology, high in reliability, and low in production cost.
  • Different irrigation systems for crops can be adjusted by adjusting the start-up pump cycle of the pump motor (for example, the photosynthesis of night crops is weakened, and the irrigation cycle can be extended. This is easy to do in PLC-controlled motor systems, and can also be adjusted.
  • the device 1 intake valve regulates the drip irrigation time per cycle to control).
  • a drip tank can be used for multiple drip heads (generally designed for 1-6) to make the root area of the crop absorb moisture evenly.
  • the service life of the drip tank is more than 10 years.
  • Recycling is good, recycling is convenient, and it can be dismantled and stored in the warehouse during the drip irrigation period, and can be used until the next use.
  • the drip tank of the present invention has all 19 advantages of the original water-saving valve-controlled drip tank (see ZL201410291659.7 invention patent specification).
  • the invention adopts a sealed diaphragm structure, the problem of water in the water inlet and outlet is completely eliminated, the sealing performance is good, the work is more stable and reliable, and the service life is greatly prolonged; at the same time, due to the use of the water injection pipe and the closing of the float, the full tank closing structure and The vent hole at the top of the tank is always kept open to the atmosphere, so the tank will not withstand the pressure of the water supply system, and only the ordinary thickness of the sheet is made into the tank, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the system of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the drip tank in the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the state of use of the drip tank of the present invention.
  • 101 water source
  • 102 water supply pump
  • 103 check valve A
  • 104 spark valve A
  • 106 stop valve A
  • 106 1# water supply pipe
  • 107 check valve B
  • 108 cutoff Valve B
  • 109 Y type filter
  • 110 2# water supply channel
  • 111 fertilizer
  • 112 check valve C
  • 113 laminated filter
  • 114 flow meter A
  • 115 pressure gauge A
  • 116 Water supply supervisor
  • 117 water mains
  • 118 flow meter B
  • 119 flow meter
  • 120 dry tube stop valve
  • 121 pressure gauge B
  • 122 branched tube
  • 123 return water check valve
  • 124 Water branch pipe, 125-drip irrigation tank, 126-exhaust valve, 127-return pipe, 128-PLC control device, 129-water capillary, 130-drip clock, 131-flow control valve, 201-ventilation dust cover, 202—exhaust hole
  • the system of the present invention includes a water supply pump 102 connected to a water source 101, a water supply pump 102 followed by a check valve A103 and a swirling water sand separator 104, and after the swirling water sand separator 104 is connected with 1#, 2#
  • the water supply pipe 106 wherein the 1# water supply pipe 106 is provided with a shut-off valve A105 and a check valve B107, and the 2# water supply pipe is sequentially provided with a shut-off valve B108, a Y-type filter 109, a fertiliser 111, and a check valve.
  • the tail ends of the two water supply pipes are connected to the water supply main pipe 116, and the water supply main pipe 116 is installed with a lamination filter 113, a flow meter A114, a pressure gauge A115, and the water supply main pipe 116 is connected with 18 water mains 117.
  • each of the water mains 117 is provided with a dry pipe stop valve 120, and a return pipe 127 is provided to return to the water source 101, and all the water mains are forked through the branch pipe 122 and the return pipe 127
  • Each branch pipe 122 is provided with a return water stop valve 123; at the end of each water main pipe is connected with two water transfer branch pipes 124 (generally 1-3) In the end), each of the water delivery pipe ends 124 is provided with an exhaust valve 126, and a plurality of drip irrigation tanks 125 are forked on each of the water delivery branch pipes 124, and each drip irrigation tank 125 is provided with a drip dispenser, and the drip dispenser is mounted thereon.
  • Three water delivery capillary tubes 129 (generally 1-6, each with a flow regulating valve 131), and each end of the water delivery capillary 129 is provided with a drip clock 130 placed on the side of a crop or on the underground root to replenish the crops.
  • a flow meter B118, a pressure gauge B121, and a flow rate meter 119 are installed on each water main pipe, and a communication connection is established with the PLC control device 128.
  • the field weather, the soil temperature and humidity detection, and the sunshine, rainfall, wind direction, and wind speed detecting devices are all established with the PLC control device 128.
  • a water level gauge is provided in the water source 101, and the water temperature meter establishes a communication connection with the PLC control device 128.
  • each of the water mains is connected with two water delivery pipes 124, and each of the water delivery pipes 124 is forked with 60-80 drip irrigation tanks 125.
  • the drip irrigation tank 125 in the embodiment has a tank body 203.
  • the top of the tank body 203 is provided with a vent hole 202.
  • the bottom of the tank body 203 is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and a water inlet and outlet combination valve is installed, in particular:
  • the inlet and outlet water combination valve has a valve body 208.
  • the valve body 208 is provided with an inlet water chamber 214, a piston chamber 211 and a transition water chamber 209 which are arranged in an axially horizontal arrangement.
  • the three chambers are connected to each other, and the transition water chamber end is closed.
  • the inlet chamber 214 and the piston chamber 211 are provided with a sealing diaphragm 205 to isolate the two chambers.
  • the inlet nut 214 is provided with a compression nut 216 for pressing and positioning the sealing diaphragm 205, and is opened in the compression nut 216.
  • the axial inlet 215, the external inlet pipe 217, the stop cavity 206 is installed in the piston chamber 211, and the compression spring 210 is installed in the transition water chamber 209 to reset the stop spool 206; the valve body 208 is also opened.
  • a radial water inlet 204 there are a radial water inlet 204, a radial water outlet A207 and a radial water outlet B212, wherein one end of the radial water inlet 204 communicates with the axial water inlet 215 in the nut, and the other end communicates with the water inlet of the tank 203, radial One end of the water outlet A207 is connected to the transition water chamber, and the other end is connected to the water outlet of the tank body 203.
  • One end of the radial water outlet B212 communicates with the piston chamber 211, and the other end is externally connected to the drip distributor 213.
  • a water injection pipe 223 is disposed in the lower end of the water injection pipe 223, and a one-way water inlet valve 222 is connected with the radial water inlet 204 of the inlet and outlet water combination valve.
  • the upper end of the water injection pipe 223 extends to the top of the tank body 203, and the top of the water injection pipe 223 is provided with a top plate.
  • a central water inlet hole 226 is defined in the top plate, and a closing float 229 is installed in the central water inlet hole 226.
  • the top surface of the closing float 229 is spaced from the top surface of the can body 203, and the closing float 229 has sufficient floating space.
  • a lifting ring 228 is disposed on the top of the can body 203, and a venting dustproof cover 201 is disposed on the vent hole 202;
  • the can body 203 is composed of an upper can body 21 and a lower can lid 218, and the can body 221 And the bottom can lid 218
  • a flow regulating valve 131 is attached to each of the water transfer capillary tubes 129.
  • the closing float 229 in this embodiment includes a cap 225 and a water stop head 224.
  • the cap 225 is located outside the water injection pipe 223, the water stop head 224 is located in the water injection pipe 223, and the water stop head 224 is provided with a connecting rib.
  • the central inlet 226 of the 227 passing through the top of the water injection pipe 223 is connected to the cap 225.
  • the inner diameter of the inlet chamber 214 in the inlet and outlet water combination valve > the inner diameter of the piston chamber 211 > the inner diameter of the transition water chamber 209.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)

Abstract

一种农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统,包括有供水泵(102)连接水源(101),供水泵(102)后接止回阀A(103)和旋流水沙分离器(104)以及供水主管(116),供水主管路中安装有叠片过滤器(113)、流量计(114)、压力计(115),供水主管(116)之后并接有若干根输水干管(117),且有回水管(127)返回水源(101);在每根输水干管(117)的末端并接有1-3条输水支管(124),且在每条输水支管(124)上叉接有多个滴灌罐(125)以及滴水装置,并配置有PLC控制装置(128),控制连接系统中的供水泵(102)、施肥器(111)以及截止阀A(105)、截止阀B(108)和所有干管止通阀(120)、回水止通阀(123),PLC控制装置(128)还与压力计(115)、流量计(114)建立通信连接;该系统自动化、智能化程度高,可以达到精准节水、节肥、节电、节工的灌溉效果。

Description

农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统 技术领域
本发明涉及农业灌溉技术,尤其是一种农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统。
背景技术
目前现代农业灌溉中有一个重要的分支就是微灌技术系统,其中一个重要组成就是滴灌技术,它是二十世纪60年代发展起来的,以一种滴头为核心的灌溉系统,它将过滤的有压水,通过管道系统输送到滴头,经过细小的流道或者孔眼,变成水滴或微细流,适时、适量地向作物根系供应水分和养分,在几十年来的使用过程中发现已有的滴灌系统存在以下问题:(1)使用环境要求高,滴头容易堵塞;(2)耗电量大,运行成本高;(3)滴头间流水量不均匀,误差达30%以上;(4)关键部件滴头的制作要求精度高,工艺复杂;(5)使用寿命短;(6)对农作物灌溉调整反应迟钝;(7)不宜用于地下滴灌。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是要解决传统滴灌系统存在的上述七方面问题,提供一种农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统。
本发明的具体方案是:一种农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统,包括有供水泵连接水源,供水泵后接止回阀A和旋流水沙分离器,在旋流水沙分离器之后并接有1#、2#两条供水管,其中1#供水管上串装有截止阀A和止回阀B,2#供水管上依次串装有截止阀B、Y型过滤器、施肥器、止回阀C,两条供水管尾端汇集连接供水主管,供水主管路中安装有叠片过滤器、流量计、压力计,供水主管之后并接有若干根输水干管,每根输水干管中装有干管止通阀,设有回水管返回水源,所有输水干管均通过分支管与回水管叉接,每根分支管上装有回水止通阀;在每根输水干管的末端并接有1—3条输水支管,每根输水支管末端装有排气阀,且在每条输水支管上叉接有多个滴灌罐,每个滴灌罐上装有滴水分配器,滴水分配器上装若干输水毛管,每根输水毛管的末端设有滴水钟置于一棵农作物的旁边地上或地下根部为农作物补水加肥;配置有PLC控制装置,控制连接系统中的供水泵,施肥器以及截止阀A、截止阀B和所有干管止通阀、回水止通阀、PLC控制装置还与压力计A、流量计A建立通信连接。
本发明中在每根输水干管上安装有流量计、压力计、流速计,均与PLC控制装置建立通信连接。
本发明中设有田间天气、土壤温度湿度检测以及日照、降雨量、风向、风速检测装 置均与PLC控制装置建立通信连接。
本发明中在水源中设有水位计、水温计与PLC控制装置建立通信连接。
本发明中所述每条输水干管之后并接有两条输水支管,每条输水支管上叉接有60—80只滴灌罐。
本发明中所述滴灌罐,具有罐体,罐体的顶部设有排气孔,罐体的底部开有进水口和出水口,安装有进出水组合阀,其特征是:所述进出水组合阀具有阀体,阀体内开设有轴向水平依次布置的进水腔、活塞腔、过渡水腔,三腔相互连通,过渡水腔尾端封闭,在进水腔与活塞腔结合处装有密封隔膜隔离两腔,在进水腔中装有压紧螺母对密封隔膜进行压紧定位,且在压紧螺母中开有贯通的轴向进水道,外接进水管,在活塞腔中装有止通阀芯,在过渡水腔中装有压缩弹簧复位止通阀芯;在阀体上还开有径向进水道、径向出水道A和径向出水道B,其中径向进水道一端与螺母中的轴向进水道连通,另一端与罐体的进水口连通,径向出水道A一端与过渡水腔连通,另一端与罐体的出水口连通,径向出水道B一端与活塞腔连通,另一端外接滴水分配器,活塞腔中的止通阀芯前进时关闭出水道B,后退复位时打开出水道B;在罐体内装有一注水管,注水管下端装有单向进水阀与进出水组合阀的进水道对接,注水管上端延伸至罐体顶部,注水管顶部设有顶板,顶板上开有中心进水孔,中心进水孔中安装有关闭浮子,关闭浮子顶面与罐体顶面有间距,保持关闭浮子有足够的上浮空间。
本发明中在罐体顶部设置有吊环,并在排气孔上装有透气防尘盖;所述罐体由上部罐身和下罐盖对扣组成,罐身和下罐盖对接处均设有对接耳,配有螺栓连接。
本发明中在每根输水毛管上安装有流量调节阀。
本发明中所述关闭浮子包括有一盖帽和止水封头,盖帽位于注水管的外部,止水封头位于注水管内,止水封头上设有连接筋穿过注水管顶部的中心进水孔与盖帽构成连接。
本发明中所述进出水组合阀中进水腔内径>活塞腔内径>过渡水腔内径。
本发明中罐体顶部的排气孔配有透气盖。
本发明具有以下优点:
1、适时性:
由于在滴灌周期内,引入了时间裕度的概念(而且这个时间裕度可以很方便的通过水泵电机控制系统PLC调控),因此对灌期的时间掌控有了很好的调整空间。它可以用如下公式来阐述:
Figure PCTCN2016090464-appb-000001
式中:H:总的时间要求(小时)
h:滴灌周期(小时)
n:周期数
由此可见,可在设定的时间区间内充分完成指标。
2、适量性:
由于滴灌罐在滴灌周期内的灌水量是是以罐体可装入水最大的量来度量的。因此可以很好的、很方便的对灌期总的灌水量进行精确控制,只要求全系统的罐体容量尺寸都一致。它可以用如下公式来阐述:
Figure PCTCN2016090464-appb-000002
式中:Q:总的灌水量(立升)
Q:罐体的最大载水量(立升)
n:周期数
3、防堵塞性:
通过对滴头的工作原理和防堵性能分析可以对滴灌罐的抗堵塞性能做一个充分的理解,农作物的灌溉制度对滴灌方式提出的要求是:
水要以水滴形式适时适量地向作物的根系供应水分和养分,以下为水滴水力学公式(摘自张志新先生著《滴灌工作规划设计原理与应用》)
层流
Figure PCTCN2016090464-appb-000003
紊流
Figure PCTCN2016090464-appb-000004
式中:q:滴头流量L/H d:微管内径mm
H:压力水头m L:微管长度m
本公式说明“通常通过滴头的流量是由滴头工作压力h、滴头流道形状、断面尺寸及流径长短来控制”。
防堵塞性一个根本性的措施就是在保证滴头流量达标的前提下(2-12升/小时)尽量扩大微管内径,现行滴头微管内径为d=0.85mm,才能达到Q的理想范围,而滴灌罐的d值可以达到d=1.8mm,内径扩大一倍以上。所以大大的改善了系统的抗堵塞性。
4、可以将滴灌罐理解为一个密闭的空间,滴头的水由罐体内流出的流量,不光由重力影响,还受大气压的影响。反之可以这样理解,使用①气控水量调节阀调控大气向罐内的 进气量就可以控制滴头流量。当然,这个气控水量调节阀要求做的很精密,由于空气从阀体流道内流动,不存在固体的物质堵塞流道。这是一种很好的流量调控方式。
5、对水质要求:由于微管孔径达、流道短、防堵性好,因此对水源的泥沙、杂质、藻类及化学沉淀物的要求也就降低,同时对过滤设备的要求和投资也就降低,大大地扩大了水源的使用范围,提高了使用寿命。
6、降低能耗:
从滴头的水力学原理来分析,滴头是一个降压、消能装置,将毛管上的有压水流,经过滴头消能后以滴的水流给作物根区供水,在灌溉期间水泵电机要一直开动。
而滴灌罐是通过水泵电机将水通过管道送入滴灌罐,灌水充满后就停水泵电机,然后水通过重力(能)向作物根区供水,没有也不存在降压消能的过程。因此大大的节省了能耗。
7、可无人操作、自动化程度高,(除水泵电机及PLC控制装置外)系统可无电工作。智能接口程度高,可使用互联网技术对控制系统升级。
8、成本降低:
由于减少了和简化了水质处理设备,投资成本降低。由于减少了电耗,运行成本降低。由于水泵运行完全可通过使用CNC控制无人化,降低了人工成本。
9、滴头出水均匀稳定:由于不受地形、地貌和管网水头损失的影响,只依靠重力调整,罐体与地表面高差确定后,出不的均匀度大小就可以确定了。
10、制作要求低:可在工厂内将罐体全部组装完成,检测性能,方法简单、快捷,方便工厂化、机器生产及流水线装配。
11、组件制作简单,技术成熟,可靠性高,制作成本低。
12、对农作物不同灌溉制度,可以用调节水泵电机的启动开泵周期方便的调节(比如夜晚作物的光合作用减弱,可以延长灌溉周期,这在PLC控制的电机系统很容易做到,也可以调节装置①进气阀调节每周期滴灌时间来控制)。
13、一个滴灌罐可以供多个滴头同时使用(一般设计为1-6个)可以使作物根区吸收水分均匀。
14、与滴头使用一年(或一次)相比,滴灌罐的使用寿命长达10年以上。
15、回收性好,回收处理方便,滴灌期完全可以将其拆卸到仓库内存放,可等到下一次使用。
16、可以达到精准节水、节肥、节电、节工的灌溉效果。
17、本发明中的滴灌罐具有原节水阀控滴灌罐的全部19条优点(见ZL201410291659.7号发明专利说明书)。特别是由于本发明采用了密封隔膜结构,完全杜绝进出水道的串水问题,密封性能好,工作更稳定可靠,使用寿命大大延长;同时由于采用了注水管及关闭浮子的加水满罐关闭结构以及罐体顶部的排气孔始终保持与大气相通,因此罐体不会承受供水系统压力,只需普通厚度板材制成罐体,制造成本降低。
附图说明
图1是本发明系统结构示意图;
图2是本发明中的滴灌罐主剖视图;
图3是本发明的滴灌罐使用状态示意图。
图中:101—水源,102—供水泵,103—止回阀A,104—旋流水沙分离器,105—截止阀A,106—1#供水管,107—止回阀B,108—截止阀B,109—Y型过滤器,110—2#供水道,111—施肥器,112—止回阀C,113—叠片过滤器,114—流量计A,115—压力计A,116—供水主管,117—输水干管,118—流量计B,119—流速计,120—干管止通阀,121—压力计B,122—分支管,123—回水止通阀,124—输水支管,125—滴灌罐,126—排气阀,127—回水管,128—PLC控制装置,129—输水毛管,130—滴水钟,131—流量调节阀,201—透气防尘盖,202—排气孔,203—罐体,204—径向进水道,205—密封隔膜,206—止通阀芯,207—径向出水道A,208—阀体,209—过渡水腔,210—压缩弹簧,211—活塞腔,212—径向出水道B,213—滴水分配器,214—进水腔,215—轴向进水道,216—压紧螺母,217—进水管,218—下罐盖,219—螺栓,220—对接耳,221—罐身,222—单向进水阀,223—注水管,224—止水封头,225—盖帽,226—中心进水孔,227—连接筋,228—吊环,229—关闭浮子。
具体实施方式
参见图1,本发明系统包括有供水泵102连接水源101,供水泵102后接止回阀A103和旋流水沙分离器104,在旋流水沙分离器104之后并接有1#、2#两条供水管106,其中1#供水管106上串装有截止阀A105和止回阀B107,2#供水管上依次串装有截止阀B108、Y型过滤器109、施肥器111、止回阀C112,两条供水管尾端汇集连接供水主管116,供水主管116路中安装有叠片过滤器113、流量计A114、压力计A115,供水主管116之后并接有十八根输水干管117(一般10—20根),每根输水干管117中装有干管止通阀120,设有回水管127返回水源101,所有输水干管均通过分支管122与回水管127叉接,每根分支管122上装有回水止通阀123;在每根输水干管的末端并接有两条输水支管124(一般为1—3 条),每根输水支管124末端装有排气阀126,且在每条输水支管124上叉接有多个滴灌罐125,每个滴灌罐125上装有滴水分配器,滴水分配器上装三根输水毛管129(一般为1—6根,每根配有流量调节阀131),每根输水毛管129的末端设有滴水钟130置于一棵农作物的旁边地上或地下根部为农作物补水加肥;配置有PLC控制装置128,控制连接系统中的供水泵102,施肥器111以及截止阀A105、截止阀B108和所有干管止通阀120、回水止通阀123、PLC控制装置128还与压力计A115、流量计A114建立通信连接。
本实施例中在每根输水干管上安装有流量计B118、压力计B121、流速计119,均与PLC控制装置128建立通信连接。
本实施例中设有田间天气、土壤温度湿度检测以及日照、降雨量、风向、风速检测装置均与PLC控制装置128建立通信连接。
本实施例中在水源101中设有水位计、水温计与PLC控制装置128建立通信连接。
本实施例中所述每条输水干管之后并接有两条输水支管124,每条输水支管124上叉接有60—80只滴灌罐125。
本实施例中所述滴灌罐125,具有罐体203,罐体203的顶部设有排气孔202,罐体203的底部开有进水口和出水口,安装有进出水组合阀,特别是:所述进出水组合阀具有阀体208,阀体208内开设有轴向水平依次布置的进水腔214、活塞腔211、过渡水腔209,三腔相互连通,过渡水腔尾端封闭,在进水腔214与活塞腔211结合处装有密封隔膜205隔离两腔,在进水腔214中装有压紧螺母216对密封隔膜205进行压紧定位,且在压紧螺母216中开有贯通的轴向进水道215,外接进水管217,在活塞腔211中装有止通阀芯206,在过渡水腔209中装有压缩弹簧210复位止通阀芯206;在阀体208上还开有径向进水道204、径向出水道A207和径向出水道B212,其中径向进水道204一端与螺母中的轴向进水道215连通,另一端与罐体203的进水口连通,径向出水道A207一端与过渡水腔连通,另一端与罐体203的出水口连通,径向出水道B212一端与活塞腔211连通,另一端外接滴水分配器213,活塞腔211中的止通阀芯206前进时关闭出水道B,后退复位时打开出水道B;在罐体203内装有一注水管223,注水管223下端装有单向进水阀222与进出水组合阀的径向进水道204对接,注水管223上端延伸至罐体203顶部,注水管223顶部设有顶板,顶板上开有中心进水孔226,中心进水孔226中安装有关闭浮子229,关闭浮子229顶面与罐体203顶面有间距,保持关闭浮子229有足够的上浮空间。
本实施例中在罐体203顶部设置有吊环228,并在排气孔202上装有透气防尘盖201;所述罐体203由上部罐身21和下罐盖218对扣组成,罐身221和下罐盖218对接处均 设有对接耳220,配有螺栓219连接。
本实施例中在每根输水毛管129上安装有流量调节阀131。
本实施例中所述关闭浮子229包括有一盖帽225和止水封头224,盖帽225位于注水管223的外部,止水封头224位于注水管223内,止水封头224上设有连接筋227穿过注水管223顶部的中心进水孔226与盖帽225构成连接。
本实施例中所述进出水组合阀中进水腔214内径>活塞腔211内径>过渡水腔209内径。

Claims (9)

  1. 农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统,包括有供水泵连接水源,供水泵后接止回阀A和旋流水沙分离器,在旋流水沙分离器之后并接有1#、2#两条供水管,其中1#供水管上串装有截止阀A和止回阀B,2#供水管上依次串装有截止阀B、Y型过滤器、施肥器、止回阀C,两条供水管尾端汇集连接供水主管,供水主管路中安装有叠片过滤器、流量计A、压力计A,供水主管之后并接有若干根输水干管,每根输水干管中装有干管止通阀,设有回水管返回水源,所有输水干管均通过分支管与回水管叉接,每根分支管上装有回水止通阀;在每根输水干管的末端并接有1—3条输水支管,每根输水支管末端装有排气阀,且在每条输水支管上叉接有多个滴灌罐,每个滴灌罐上装有滴水分配器,滴水分配器上装若干输水毛管,每根输水毛管的末端设有滴水钟置于一棵农作物的旁边地上或地下根部为农作物补水加肥;配置有PLC控制装置,控制连接系统中的供水泵,施肥器以及截止阀A、截止阀B和所有干管止通阀、回水止通阀;PLC控制装置还与压力计A、流量计A建立通信连接;所述滴灌罐,具有罐体,罐体的顶部设有排气孔,罐体的底部开有进水口和出水口,安装有进出水组合阀,其特征是:所述进出水组合阀具有阀体,阀体内开设有轴向水平依次布置的进水腔、活塞腔、过渡水腔,三腔相互连通,过渡水腔尾端封闭,在进水腔与活塞腔结合处装有密封隔膜隔离两腔,在进水腔中装有压紧螺母对密封隔膜进行压紧定位,且在压紧螺母中开有贯通的轴向进水道,外接进水管,在活塞腔中装有止通阀芯,在过渡水腔中装有压缩弹簧复位止通阀芯;在阀体上还开有径向进水道、径向出水道A和径向出水道B,其中径向进水道一端与螺母中的轴向进水道连通,另一端与罐体的进水口连通,径向出水道A一端与过渡水腔连通,另一端与罐体的出水口连通,径向出水道B一端与活塞腔连通,另一端外接滴水分配器,活塞腔中的止通阀芯前进时关闭出水道B,后退复位时打开出水道B;在罐体内装有一注水管,注水管下端装有单向进水阀与进出水组合阀的径向进水道对接,注水管上端延伸至罐体顶部,注水管顶部设有顶板,顶板上开有中心进水孔,中心进水孔中安装有关闭浮子,关闭浮子顶面与罐体顶面有间距,保持关闭浮子有足够的上浮空间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统,其特征是:在每根输水干管上安装有流量计B、压力计B、流速计,均与PLC控制装置建立通信连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统,其特征是:设有田间天气、土壤温度湿度检测以及日照、降雨量、风向、风速检测装置均与PLC控制装置建立通信连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统,其特征是:在水源中设有水位计、水温计与PLC控制装置建立通信连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统,其特征是:所述每条输水干管之后并接有两条输水支管,每条输水支管上叉接有60—80只滴灌罐。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统,其特征是:所述滴灌罐中在罐体顶部设置有吊环,并在排气孔上装有透气防尘盖;所述罐体由上部罐身和下罐盖对扣组成,罐身和下罐盖对接处均设有对接耳,配有螺栓连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统,其特征是:所述滴灌罐中在每根输水毛管上安装有流量调节阀。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统,其特征是:所述滴灌罐中所述关闭浮子包括有一盖帽和止水封头,盖帽位于注水管的外部,止水封头位于注水管内,止水封头上设有连接筋穿过注水管顶部的中心进水孔与盖帽构成连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的农业节水脉动式智能滴灌罐微灌系统,其特征是:所述滴灌罐中进出水组合阀中进水腔内径>活塞腔内径>过渡水腔内径。
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