WO2017088383A1 - 一种直播视频的播放方法、装置及系统 - Google Patents

一种直播视频的播放方法、装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017088383A1
WO2017088383A1 PCT/CN2016/082823 CN2016082823W WO2017088383A1 WO 2017088383 A1 WO2017088383 A1 WO 2017088383A1 CN 2016082823 W CN2016082823 W CN 2016082823W WO 2017088383 A1 WO2017088383 A1 WO 2017088383A1
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Prior art keywords
client
live video
shared
list
play
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PCT/CN2016/082823
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
魏立志
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乐视控股（北京）有限公司
乐视云计算有限公司
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Priority to US15/245,288 priority Critical patent/US20170155927A1/en
Publication of WO2017088383A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017088383A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
    • H04N21/218—Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays
    • H04N21/2187—Live feed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1061—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using node-based peer discovery mechanisms
    • H04L67/1065—Discovery involving distributed pre-established resource-based relationships among peers, e.g. based on distributed hash tables [DHT] 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1074—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks for supporting data block transmission mechanisms
    • H04L67/1078—Resource delivery mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1074—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks for supporting data block transmission mechanisms
    • H04L67/1078—Resource delivery mechanisms
    • H04L67/108—Resource delivery mechanisms characterised by resources being split in blocks or fragments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
    • H04N21/2362—Generation or processing of Service Information [SI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/262—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists
    • H04N21/26258—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists for generating a list of items to be played back in a given order, e.g. playlist, or scheduling item distribution according to such list
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/434—Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams, extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
    • H04N21/4345—Extraction or processing of SI, e.g. extracting service information from an MPEG stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47—End-user applications
    • H04N21/472—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/632—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing using a connection between clients on a wide area network, e.g. setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet for retrieving video segments from the hard-disk of other client devices

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of computer technologies, and in particular, to a method, device, and system for playing live video.
  • Peer-to-Peer has quickly become one of the hot topics in the computer industry.
  • Fortune Magazine has listed P2P as one of the four technologies that affect the future of the Internet.
  • P2P has the meaning of “peer” and “partner” in English. Therefore, literally, P2P can be understood as peer-to-peer Internet.
  • Domestic media generally translates P2P into "peer-to-peer” or "end-to-end", and the academic community is collectively called peer-to-peer computing.
  • P2P can be defined as: network participants share a portion of their hardware resources (processing power, storage capacity, network connectivity, printers, etc.) that provide services and content over the network and can be used by other peers (Peer) ) Direct access without going through intermediate entities.
  • the participants in this network are both resources (service and content) providers (Servers) and resource acquirers (Clients).
  • P2P breaks the traditional Client/Server (C/S) mode, and the status of each node in the network is equal.
  • Each node acts as a server, serving other nodes, and also enjoying the services provided by other nodes.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method, a device and a system for playing a live video.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to implement live online broadcast of a video by using a peer-to-peer network to solve the problem of uneven load caused by excessive user access to the resource server.
  • the present invention mainly provides the following technical solutions:
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for playing a live video, where the method includes:
  • the client sends a play request of the live video to the control center, so that the control center collects the number of clients viewing the live video, and returns a shared client list to the client through a preset policy, where the shared client list records a client that shares the live video data and a corresponding client information with a high data transmission rate;
  • the subscription request is to reserve packet data information of the live video to the shared client, where the packet data information is a group obtained by using video slicing technology Video data information;
  • the request for sending the live video by using the data communication link includes:
  • combining the packet data information sent by the shared client to obtain a continuous live video for playing includes:
  • the parameters of the preset policy include: a number of shared clients and each shared guest The data transfer status of the client.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for playing a live video, where the method includes:
  • the control center receives a play request of the live video sent by the client;
  • the client is added to the play client list of the live video according to the play request, where the client that plays the live video and the corresponding client information are recorded in the play client list;
  • the method before the adding the client to the play client list of the live video according to the play request, the method further includes:
  • the client that has a high data transmission rate is filtered out in the play client list, and the generating the shared client list includes:
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a live video playback device, where the device includes:
  • a first sending unit configured to send a play request of the live video to the control center, so that the control center collects the number of clients viewing the live video, and returns a shared client list to the client by using a preset policy.
  • the client sharing the live video data with high data transmission rate and the corresponding client address information recorded in the shared client list;
  • a establishing unit configured to establish, according to the shared client list returned by the control center, a data communication link with the shared client in the list;
  • a second sending unit configured to send, by using a data communication link established by the establishing unit, a subscription request of the live video, where the subscription request is a packet data information that is scheduled to the shared client, the packet Data information is a set of video data information obtained by using video slicing technology;
  • a receiving unit configured to receive the packet data information that is sent by the shared client according to the subscription request sent by the second sending unit
  • a combination unit configured to combine the packet data information sent by the shared client received by the receiving unit, so as to obtain a continuous live video for playing.
  • the second sending unit of the device includes:
  • a determining module configured to determine, according to a preset policy, packet data information of a live video subscribed to the shared client
  • a sending module configured to send a subscription request with the packet data information determined by the determining module, so that the sharing client sends the corresponding packet data information of the live video according to the subscription request.
  • the combined unit of the device includes:
  • An extraction module configured to extract identifier information in the packet data information, where the location of the packet data information in the live video is recorded in the identifier information;
  • the combination module is configured to combine the packet data information sent by the shared client by using the identifier information extracted by the extraction module to form continuous live video data.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a live video playback device, where the device includes:
  • a receiving unit configured to receive, by the control center, a play request of a live video sent by the client;
  • a adding unit configured to add the client to the play client list of the live video according to the play request received by the receiving unit, where the client that plays the live video and corresponding Client information;
  • a generating unit configured to filter, in the play client list, a client with a high data transmission rate, and generate a shared client list
  • a sending unit configured to send, to the client, the shared client list generated by the generating unit filtering.
  • the device further includes:
  • a creating unit configured to create a play client list for the currently live broadcast video before the adding unit adds the client to the play client list of the live video according to the play request.
  • the generating unit of the device includes:
  • An obtaining module configured to acquire a current data transmission rate of all playing clients in the playing client list
  • the generating module filters out a plurality of clients with high transmission rates obtained by the obtaining module, and generates a shared client list.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a live video playback system, where the system package a client including a playback device of the live video and a control center of the playback device including the live video;
  • the client is configured to send a play request of the live video to the control center, and establish a data communication link with the shared client in the list according to the shared client list returned by the control center, and share the data communication link according to the data communication link
  • the client sends the subscription request of the live video and receives the packet data information of the live video returned by the shared client, and finally combines the packet data information received from the shared client to obtain the continuously broadcasted live video data and plays the same;
  • the control center is configured to receive a play request of the live video sent by the client, and add the client to the play client list of the corresponding live video according to the play request, and simultaneously, at the play client
  • the client in the list that filters out the high data transmission rate generates a shared client list, and sends the shared client list to the client.
  • a method, device and system for playing live video according to an embodiment of the present invention improve the existing P2P mode to meet the demand for low latency of live video.
  • the specific improvement is reflected in the client requesting the live video that you want to watch from the control center, and receiving a list of shared clients returned by the control center.
  • the shared client provided by the list sends a request for subscribing to the live video data, and according to the request, the sharing client will actively send the live video data that meets the subscription request, without sending the relevant data after confirming with the client.
  • the client obtains the data content of different parts of the live video according to the shared client listed in the shared client list, so as to share the load burden of the single data source.
  • the client sorts and combines the live video data sent by the shared client to obtain continuous live video data that can be used for playing.
  • the present invention achieves the low latency requirement of data transmission by reducing the access mechanism of data transmission between clients and limiting the range of clients for data sharing in a P2P network.
  • the live video can be broadcast live on the P2P network, which solves the problem that the resource server of the live video data in the traditional mode is heavily loaded in the face of a large number of accesses.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for playing live video according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of another method for playing live video according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for playing a third live video according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a structural block diagram of a live video playback device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural block diagram of another live broadcast video playing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural block diagram of a third live broadcast video playing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural block diagram of a fourth live broadcast video playing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a live video playback system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of still another embodiment of a live video playback device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for playing a live video. As shown in FIG. 1 , the method is applied to a user client that shares a live video. The specific steps include:
  • the client sends a play request of the live video to the control center.
  • the user sends a request for data download to a resource server that has live video data.
  • the client can obtain live video data in a P2P manner through the peer-to-peer network. And the client is confirming what other can be with The way the client performs data sharing is by sending a play request for the live video to the control center.
  • the control center configures a shared client list for the client according to the play request. In the list, information about the client that can share live video data with the client and related information of each client, such as the username of the client, the IP address of the client, and the current network status, are recorded. These clients are clients that are currently watching the live video and have a higher data transfer rate.
  • the shared client in the list and the client form a small P2P network.
  • the client in the shared client list returned by the control center is not all the clients that are watching the live video, but a selected partial client.
  • the control center can determine which other clients can share data with the client where the user is located, and the client itself only needs to perform the shared client listed in the shared client list matched by the control center.
  • Data sharing is all right.
  • the premise of data sharing is to establish data communication links with these shared clients to realize the transmission and sharing of live data.
  • the scope of the client is not limited to the client where the user watching the live video is located, or may be the server that owns the live video data. That is to say, in the shared client list, the resource server can also be included.
  • the client establishes a small area peering network with all the shared clients in the list, through which the live video data is shared, the client side
  • the live video amount data can be obtained from different sharing clients.
  • the existing P2P mode divides the video data into segments, and slices each small piece of video data to obtain a video data block that is more convenient to transmit, and according to each data block. Mark the location in the video.
  • the client when it obtains data from the shared client, it can send an inquiry request to the shared client according to the needs of the client, and asks whether the shared client has the required data block, and the shared client judges according to the inquiry request, if there is The data block then sends a response message to the client to inform the client, and then the client sends a data block acquisition request, and the shared client sends the data block to the client according to the acquisition request.
  • the common video file sharing transmission may not consider the delay of data transmission, but When the live video requires a low-latency transmission mode, the existing P2P network is obviously unable to perform live video broadcast.
  • the embodiment of the present invention sends a subscription request for a live video directly to the shared client when the client establishes a communication link with the shared client.
  • the subscription request includes data information of the live video that the client wants to obtain, and the data information is a set of data information obtained by slicing the video data, that is, the client determines that the packet data information needs to be acquired,
  • the shared client judges whether it has the packet data information, and if it is, it sends it to the client actively, and no longer needs to wait for the client's confirmation and the re-acquisition request. Since the reduction is the response flow mechanism generated each time the video data block is acquired, the interaction process between the client and the shared client is greatly reduced. This reduces the delay caused by the interaction process.
  • the slice grouping of the live video is a prior art, and the specific embodiment does not limit the slice technology to horizontally slice or vertically slice the video data.
  • the data blocks after grouping the slices are identified to ensure that the data blocks are subsequently combined to achieve continuous video playback.
  • the packet data information of the subscribed live video is determined according to the number of shared clients and the status of the data transmission. For example, when there are a large number of shared clients, only one group can be subscribed to each client, and when the number of shared clients is limited, multiple sets of live video data can be subscribed to the shared client with high data transmission rate.
  • the sharing of data is reflected in each client being both the recipient of the data and the sender of the data. Therefore, after receiving the packet data information sent by the shared client, the client can send the packet data information to other shared clients in the network that do not have the group data, and the identity is also a shared client.
  • the sharing client determines whether there is packet data information that meets the subscription request, and if so, sends the group data information directly to the client. It can be seen that the subscription request is different from the existing data block request, but a request for a set of data blocks.
  • the manner in which the packet data information of the live video data is allocated is determined by a resource server that issues the live video according to certain rules. That is, when the live video data is transmitted, the specific segmentation mode, scale, and how to perform the slice processing are all pre-defined by the resource server.
  • the client can obtain the continuous live video data for playing by grouping and combining the packet data information sent by different sharing clients according to their identifiers. Since the data is continuously sent to the client according to the subscription request, the client can continuously synthesize the clip data of the live video. Since the delay of the process is small, it is negligible under ideal conditions, and thus real-time live video broadcast in a peer-to-peer network can be realized.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for playing a live video.
  • the method is applied to a control center in a live video system for interacting with all clients.
  • Local peer-to-peer network the specific steps include:
  • the control center receives a play request of a live video sent by the client.
  • the control center and the client communicate with each other through the existing communication network, and the specific manner is not specifically limited.
  • the CDN network system constructed based on the IP network is taken as an example.
  • the control center may be an edge CDN server in the network system, or may be a server located at the relay device layer.
  • the specific settings can be adjusted according to the size of the overall network.
  • the role of the control center is to receive playback requests from all users watching live video.
  • the play request includes at least live video information viewed by the user, and user information of the user, such as a username, an IP address of the client, and the like.
  • user information of the user such as a username, an IP address of the client, and the like.
  • the control center can judge the viewing authority of the user, and reject the playback request of the unprivileged user. The user who meets the authority will perform subsequent request processing work.
  • the control center also classifies different live video playback requests according to different live video, and divides the clients requesting the same live video into one category, and forms the client and the client that is playing the live video.
  • a list generates a play client list, where the related information of each client is recorded, including at least the name of the client, the IP address, and the current network status (upload and download rate).
  • the current network status of the client can be obtained by sending a keep-alive message to the control center, but the method is not limited to this method. In the existing test technology, there are many implementation manners to obtain the current network of the client. The state is therefore not limited in this embodiment.
  • the control center joins the client that sends the play request to the play client list of the live video.
  • the client that terminated the live video will also be deleted. Thereby updating the accuracy and timeliness of the play client list in real time.
  • the play client list generated in 202 a part of the clients with high data transmission rate are filtered by the preset policy, and the clients and corresponding related information are formed into a shared client list.
  • the transmission rate can be determined by the current network status of the client.
  • the content of the specific preset policy can be set and modified by the administrator according to the actual needs of the network.
  • control center to filter the shared client list is to select a user who establishes a peer-to-peer network for the client. Therefore, in order to ensure the data transmission performance of each user in the peer-to-peer network, the control center will filter out the shared client with good data transmission performance with the client.
  • the shared client list obtained in 203 is fed back to the client as response information of the play request of the live video sent by the client.
  • the live video uploading method used in the embodiment of the present invention improves the existing P2P mode to meet the low-latency demand of the live video.
  • the specific improvement is reflected in the client requesting the live video that you want to watch from the control center, and receiving a list of shared clients returned by the control center.
  • the shared client provided by the list sends a request for subscribing to the live video data, and according to the request, the sharing client will actively send the live video data that meets the request, without sending the relevant data after confirming with the client.
  • the client obtains the data content of different parts of the live video according to the shared client listed in the shared client, so as to share the load burden of the single data source.
  • the client can obtain continuous live video data that can be used for playing according to sorting and combining the live video data received by different sharing clients.
  • a control center is further included, which is configured to receive a live video request from a client, and analyze and obtain a client that is most suitable for sharing live video data with the client, so as to implement live video data. Efficient use in some clients to reduce the load pressure on the resource server where the live video data is located.
  • the embodiment of the present invention achieves low latency requirements for live video transmission by reducing the access mechanism for data transmission between clients and limiting the range of nodes for data sharing in the P2P network.
  • the live video can be broadcast live on the P2P network, which solves the problem that the resource server of the live video data in the traditional mode is heavily loaded in the face of a large number of accesses.
  • the client sends a play request of the live video to the control center.
  • the client sends a play request of the live video to the control center, and the control center receives the play request.
  • the network on which the network is based is described in the above 201. For the specific implementation, refer to steps 101 and 201 above. The description will not be repeated here.
  • the control center filters the client with a high data transmission rate according to the play request, and generates a shared client list.
  • the control center Before receiving the play request, the control center determines the live video being played in the current system, and creates a separate play client list for each live video, where the current client and the corresponding client that play the same live video are recorded in the list. End information.
  • the control center After the play client list is obtained, the control center identifies the received play request, determines the play client list to which the client belongs according to the information of the live video included in the play request, and the client and the corresponding The client information is added to the list. At the same time, a plurality of clients with high transmission rates are selected in the list to generate a shared client list.
  • the specific screening policy may be to sort in the play client list, based on the premise that the client that sends the request is the same region or the carrier, and then consider the current network state of each client, that is, the data transmission rate, and the ranking is determined. The former multiple clients are used as alternative shared clients.
  • the grouping principle of live video data a corresponding number of clients are selected as the shared client.
  • the grouping principle of the live video data may be obtained by the control center to the resource server that sends the live video.
  • the grouping principle of the live video data acquired by the control center is that a video data segment is divided into five groups, and the top five clients in the play client list are selected as the shared client, and the client and the corresponding client are corresponding.
  • the client information generates a list of shared clients.
  • the client establishes a data communication link with the shared client in the list according to the received shared client list.
  • the control center sends the shared client list generated in 302 to the client as the response information of the client sending the play request. Based on the received list of shared clients, the client parses the list and establishes a data communication link with the shared client in the list. Thus, a small P2P network architecture is established between the client and the shared client.
  • the client sends a subscription request for the live video to the shared client by using a data communication link.
  • the client While the client establishes a peer-to-peer network, the client allocates differently according to the preset policy. Share the content of the sent subscription request. Since the policy is mainly for transmitting live video data, more attention is paid to the data transmission status of the shared client. For example, in the above example, the client can directly allocate 5 different group data requests to 5 equally. Different shared clients, and if there are only 4 shared clients, the client will choose to send a request to get 2 packets of data to the client with the best data transfer rate.
  • the specific policy content can be changed by the administrator at any time according to actual needs.
  • the client receives the packet data information sent by the shared client according to the subscription request.
  • the sharing client After the client sends the subscription request, the sharing client will send the packet data information that the device has the request to the client according to the packet data request in the subscription request.
  • the subscription request sent by the client to the shared client is sent when the P2P network is established, and the request only needs to be sent once, and the shared client will not stop during the entire live broadcast of the video. Send packet data information that matches the subscription rules to the client.
  • the packet data information sent by the client is shared by the client, so as to obtain a continuous live video for playing.
  • the client After obtaining the packet data information sent by the shared client, the client classifies according to different sources of the information, and extracts the identifier information in the packet data information, where the identifier information is used to record the packet data information in the live broadcast.
  • the specific location in the video For example, when a video is sent, it is divided into segments, and each segment is divided into the same data group. Thus, a data group is marked with the first group of such identification information in the first few segments. Based on these identification information, the client can integrate the scattered packet data information into a whole piece of continuous video data and play it in real time.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a live video playback device, where the device is installed in a client that views live video, as shown in FIG. 4, the device includes:
  • the first sending unit 41 is configured to send a play request of the live video to the control center, so that the control center collects the number of clients viewing the live video, and returns a shared client list to the client by using a preset policy.
  • the client sharing the live video data and the corresponding client address information with high data transmission rate are recorded in the shared client list.
  • the establishing unit 42 is configured to establish a data communication link with the shared client in the list according to the shared client list returned by the control center.
  • a second sending unit 43 is configured to send a subscription request of the live video by using a data communication link established by the establishing unit 42, where the subscription request is to reserve the live broadcast to the shared client Packet data information of a video, which is a set of video data information obtained by using video slicing technology.
  • the receiving unit 44 is configured to receive the packet data information that is sent by the sharing client according to the subscription request sent by the second sending unit 43.
  • the combining unit 45 is configured to combine the packet data information sent by the sharing client received by the receiving unit 44 to obtain a continuous live video for playing.
  • the second sending unit 43 includes:
  • the determining module 431 is configured to determine, according to the preset policy, packet data information of the live video subscribed to the shared client.
  • the sending module 432 is configured to send a subscription request with the packet data information determined by the determining module 431, so that the sharing client sends the corresponding packet data information of the live video according to the subscription request.
  • the combining unit 45 includes:
  • the extracting module 451 is configured to extract the identifier information in the packet data information, where the location of the packet data information in the live video is recorded.
  • the combination module 452 is configured to combine the packet data information sent by the shared client by using the identifier information extracted by the extraction module 451 to form continuous live video data.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a live video playback device, which is set in a control center of a live broadcast system, and may be a server or a client in the network, as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the device includes:
  • the receiving unit 61 is configured to receive, by the control center, a play request of the live video sent by the client;
  • the adding unit 62 is configured to add the client to the play client list of the live video according to the play request received by the receiving unit 61, where all the clients playing the live video are recorded in the play client list. And corresponding client information;
  • a generating unit 63 configured to filter, in the play client list, a client with a high data transmission rate, and generate a shared client list
  • the sending unit 64 is configured to send the generated shared client list generated by the generating unit 63 to the client.
  • the device further includes:
  • the creating unit 65 is configured to create a play for the currently broadcast live video before the adding unit 62 joins the client to the play client list of the live video according to the play request. Client List.
  • the generating unit 63 includes:
  • the obtaining module 631 is configured to obtain a current data transmission rate of all playing clients in the playing client list.
  • the generating module 632 filters out a plurality of clients with high transmission rates acquired by the obtaining module 631, and generates a shared client list.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a live video playback system.
  • the system includes a client 81 including a playback device for the live video, and a control center 82 of the playback device including the live video. .
  • the client 81 is configured to send a play request of the live video to the control center 82, and establish a data communication link with the shared client in the list according to the shared client list returned by the control center, according to the data.
  • the communication link sends the subscription request of the live video to the shared client and receives the packet data information of the live video returned by the shared client, and finally combines the packet data information received from different shared clients to obtain the live broadcast video data that can be continuously played and performs Play
  • the control center 82 is configured to receive a play request of the live video sent by the client 81, and add the client to the play client list of the corresponding live video according to the play request, and simultaneously play the play
  • the client list filters out a client with a high data transmission rate to generate a shared client list, and sends the shared client list to the client.
  • a live video playback method, apparatus, and system used in the embodiments of the present invention improve the existing P2P mode to meet the low-latency demand of live video.
  • the specific improvement is reflected in the client requesting the live video that you want to watch from the control center, and receiving a list of shared clients returned by the control center.
  • the shared client provided by the list sends a request for subscribing to the live video data, and according to the request, the sharing client will actively send the live video data that meets the request, without sending the relevant data after confirming with the client.
  • the client obtains the data content of different parts of the live video according to the shared client listed in the shared client, so as to share the load burden of the single data source.
  • the client can obtain continuous live video data that can be used for playing according to sorting and combining the live video data received by different sharing clients.
  • a control center is further included, which is configured to receive a live video request from a client, and analyze and obtain a client that is most suitable for sharing live video data with the client, so as to implement live video data. Efficient use in some clients to reduce the load pressure on the resource server where the live video data is located.
  • Implementation of the present invention relative to existing live video The example achieves low latency requirements for live video transmission by reducing the access mechanism for data transmission between clients and limiting the range of nodes for data sharing in a P2P network.
  • the live video can be broadcast live on the P2P network, which solves the problem that the resource server of the live video data in the traditional mode is heavily loaded in the face of a large number of accesses.
  • each unit module used in the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented by a hardware processor.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of still another embodiment of a live video playback device according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the live broadcast video playback device is set in a physical server
  • the server may include a processor 91, a communication interface 92, a memory 93, and a bus 94, wherein the processor 91, the communication interface 92, and the memory 93 complete communication with each other via the bus 94.
  • Communication interface 92 can be used for information transfer between the server and the client.
  • the processor 91 can call the logic instruction in the memory 93 to perform the following method: the client sends a play request of the live video to the control center, so that the control center counts the number of clients viewing the live video, and uses the preset policy to Returning the shared client list, where the shared client list records the client sharing the live video data and the corresponding client information with high data transmission rate; and the shared client list returned according to the control center Establishing a data communication link with the shared client in the list; using the data communication link to send a subscription request of the live video, the subscription request is to reserve packet data information of the live video to the shared client, where The packet data information is a set of video data information obtained by using a video slicing technology; receiving the packet data information sent by the sharing client according to the subscription request; and combining the packet data information sent by the shared client, In order to get continuous live video for playback.
  • the logic instructions in the memory 93 described above may be implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, and may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present invention which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), and a magnetic memory.
  • ROM Read-Only Memory
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, ie may be located A place, or it can be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement without deliberate labor.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种直播视频的播放方法、装置及系统，涉及计算机技术领域，主要目的在于利用对等网络实现视频的在线直播，以解决过多用户访问资源服务器导致的负载不均的问题。本发明实施例所采用的技术方案是：客户端向控制中心发送直播视频的播放请求，以便控制中心统计观看直播视频的客户端数量，并且通过预置策略向客户端返回共享客户端列表；根据控制中心返回的共享客户端列表建立与该列表中共享客户端的数据通信链接；利用该数据通信链接发送直播视频的订阅请求；接收共享客户端根据订阅请求发送的分组数据信息；组合所述共享客户端发送的分组数据信息，以便得到连续直播视频进行播放。本发明主要用于播放直播视频。

Description

一种直播视频的播放方法、装置及系统 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及计算机技术领域，尤其涉及一种直播视频的播放方法、装置及系统。
背景技术
最近几年，Peer-to-Peer(对等计算，简称P2P)迅速成为计算机界关注的热门话题之一，财富杂志更将P2P列为影响Internet未来的四项科技之一。“Peer”在英语里有“对等者”和“伙伴”的意义。因此，从字面上，P2P可以理解为对等互联网。国内的媒体一般将P2P翻译成“点对点”或者“端对端”，学术界则统一称为对等计算。P2P可以定义为：网络的参与者共享他们所拥有的一部分硬件资源(处理能力、存储能力、网络连接能力、打印机等)，这些共享资源通过网络提供服务和内容，能被其它对等节点(Peer)直接访问而无需经过中间实体。在此网络中的参与者既是资源(服务和内容)提供者(Server)，又是资源获取者(Client)。从计算模式上来说，P2P打破了传统的Client/Server(C/S)模式，在网络中的每个结点的地位都是对等的。每个结点既充当服务器，为其他结点提供服务，同时也享用其他结点提供的服务。
目前，使用对等网络来进行资源文件的共享与传输已经有较多的应用，例如BitTorrent(简称BT或BT下载)、电驴(eMule)等。这些应用尤其被广泛的应用于视频文件的共享与传输的过程中。在共享视频文件的过程中，视频文件被分组切片成若干文件块，用户在请求获取该视频文件后，是先向其他用户发送询问请求，在确定哪些用户有该视频文件的文件块后，再根据自身需要的文件块向其他用户发送获取请求，从而获取该用户所需的视频文件资源。
通过上述的数据发送过程可以看出，使用对等网络进行视频文件时用户需要先确定所需的视频文件在哪些其他用户上有，再发送获取请求来获取相应的视频文件，但这种方式在发送直播视频这样的流媒体文件时，由于过程步骤的限定，导致其获取数据的时效性较差。而直播视频本身是对时效性的要求较高，不允许存在较高的延时，因此，现有的P2P模式并不适合进行流 媒体文件的实时共享与传播。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种直播视频的播放方法、装置及系统，主要目的在于利用对等网络实现视频的在线直播，以解决过多用户访问资源服务器导致的负载不均的问题。
为达到上述目的，本发明主要提供如下技术方案：
一方面，本发明实施例提供一种直播视频的播放方法，该方法包括：
客户端向控制中心发送直播视频的播放请求，以便控制中心统计观看所述直播视频的客户端数量，并且通过预置策略向所述客户端返回共享客户端列表，所述共享客户端列表中记录有数据传输速率高的共享所述直播视频数据的客户端以及对应的客户端信息；
根据所述控制中心返回的共享客户端列表建立与所述列表中共享客户端的数据通信链接；
利用所述数据通信链接发送所述直播视频的订阅请求，所述订阅请求是向所述共享客户端预定所述直播视频的分组数据信息，所述分组数据信息是利用视频切片技术得到的一组视频数据信息；
接收所述共享客户端根据所述订阅请求发送的所述分组数据信息；
组合所述共享客户端发送的所述分组数据信息，以便得到连续直播视频进行播放。
可选的，利用所述数据通信链接发送所述直播视频的订阅请求包括：
根据预置策略确定向所述共享客户端订阅的直播视频的分组数据信息；
发送带有所述分组数据信息的订阅请求，以便共享客户端根据所述订阅请求发送相应的所述直播视频的分组数据信息。
可选的，组合所述共享客户端发送的所述分组数据信息，得到连续直播视频进行播放包括：
提取所述分组数据信息中的标识信息，所述标识信息中记录有所述分组数据信息在所述直播视频中的位置；
利用所述标识信息组合所述共享客户端发送的分组数据信息，组成连续的直播视频数据。
可选的，所述预置策略的参数包括：共享客户端的数量以及每个共享客 户端的数据传输状态。
另一方面，本发明实施例提供还一种直播视频的播放方法，该方法包括：
控制中心接收客户端发送的直播视频的播放请求；
根据所述播放请求将所述客户端加入所述直播视频的播放客户端列表，所述播放客户端列表中记录有所有播放所述直播视频的客户端以及对应的客户端信息；
在所述播放客户端列表中筛选出数据传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表；
将所述共享客户端列表发送至所述客户端。
可选的，在根据所述播放请求将所述客户端加入所述直播视频的播放客户端列表之前，所述方法还包括：
为当前直播的直播视频创建播放客户端列表。
可选的，在所述播放客户端列表中筛选出数据传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表包括：
获取所述播放客户端列表中所有播放客户端当前的数据传输速率；
筛选出多个传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表。
另一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种直播视频的播放装置，该装置包括：
第一发送单元，用于客户端向控制中心发送直播视频的播放请求，以便控制中心统计观看所述直播视频的客户端数量，并且通过预置策略向所述客户端返回共享客户端列表，所述共享客户端列表中记录有数据传输速率高的共享所述直播视频数据的客户端以及对应的客户端地址信息；
建立单元，用于根据所述控制中心返回的共享客户端列表建立与所述列表中共享客户端的数据通信链接；
第二发送单元，用于利用所述建立单元建立的数据通信链接发送所述直播视频的订阅请求，所述订阅请求是向所述共享客户端预定所述直播视频的分组数据信息，所述分组数据信息是利用视频切片技术得到的一组视频数据信息；
接收单元，用于接收所述共享客户端根据所述第二发送单元发送的订阅请求而发送的所述分组数据信息；
组合单元，用于组合所述接收单元接收的共享客户端发送的所述分组数据信息，以便得到连续直播视频进行播放。
可选的，所述装置的第二发送单元包括：
确定模块，用于根据预置策略确定向所述共享客户端订阅的直播视频的分组数据信息；
发送模块，用于发送带有所述确定模块确定的所述分组数据信息的订阅请求，以便共享客户端根据所述订阅请求发送相应的所述直播视频的分组数据信息。
可选的，所述装置的组合单元包括：
提取模块，用于提取所述分组数据信息中的标识信息，所述标识信息中记录有所述分组数据信息在所述直播视频中的位置；
组合模块，用于利用所述提取模块提取的标识信息组合所述共享客户端发送的分组数据信息，组成连续的直播视频数据。
另一方面，本发明实施例还提供了一种直播视频的播放装置，该装置包括：
接收单元，用于控制中心接收客户端发送的直播视频的播放请求；
添加单元，用于根据所述接收单元接收的播放请求将所述客户端加入所述直播视频的播放客户端列表，所述播放客户端列表中记录有所有播放所述直播视频的客户端以及对应的客户端信息；
生成单元，用于在所述播放客户端列表中筛选出数据传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表；
发送单元，用于将所述生成单元筛选生成的共享客户端列表发送至所述客户端。
可选的，所述装置还包括：
创建单元，用于在所述添加单元根据所述播放请求将所述客户端加入所述直播视频的播放客户端列表之前，为当前直播的直播视频创建播放客户端列表。
可选的，所述装置的生成单元包括：
获取模块，用于获取所述播放客户端列表中所有播放客户端当前的数据传输速率；
生成模块，筛选出多个所述获取模块获取的传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表。
另一方面，本发明实施例还提供一种直播视频的播放系统，所述系统包 括含有上述直播视频的播放装置的客户端以及含有上述直播视频的播放装置的控制中心；
所述客户端，用于向所述控制中心发送直播视频的播放请求，并根据控制中心返回的共享客户端列表建立与所述列表中共享客户端的数据通信链接，根据所述数据通信链接向共享客户端发送直播视频的订阅请求并接收共享客户端返回的直播视频的分组数据信息，最终组合从所述共享客户端接收到的分组数据信息，得到可连续播放的直播视频数据并进行播放；
所述控制中心，用于接收所述客户端发送的直播视频的播放请求，并根据所述播放请求将所述客户端加入对应的直播视频的播放客户端列表，同时，在所述播放客户端列表中筛选出数据传输速率高的客户端生成共享客户端列表，将所述共享客户端列表发送至所述客户端。
本发明实施例提供的一种直播视频的播放方法、装置及系统，是将现有的P2P模式加以改进以适应直播视频对低延时的需求。具体的改进体现在由客户端向控制中心申请想要观看的直播视频，并接收控制中心返回的一个共享客户端列表。再向该列表所提供的共享客户端发送订阅直播视频数据的请求，根据该请求共享客户端会主动发送符合订阅请求的直播视频数据，而不需要再经过与客户端的确认后在发送相关数据。同时，客户端会根据共享客户端列表中列出的共享客户端，分别获取直播视频不同部分的数据内容，以分担单个数据源的负载负担。客户端根据将共享客户端发送的直播视频数据加以排序组合，就可以得到连续的可用于播放的直播视频数据。相对于现有的直播视频的方式，本发明通过缩减客户端之间数据传输的访问机制，以及限定P2P网络中进行数据共享的客户端范围，来达到数据传输的低延时的需求。使得直播视频能够以P2P网络的方式进行在线直播，解决了传统模式中直播视频数据的资源服务器在面对大量访问的情况下负载严重不均的问题。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作以简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种直播视频的播放方法流程图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的另一种直播视频的播放方法流程图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的第三种直播视频的播放方法流程图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种直播视频的播放装置的结构组成框图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的另一种直播视频的播放装置的结构组成框图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的第三种直播视频的播放装置的结构组成框图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的第四种直播视频的播放装置的结构组成框图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的一种直播视频的播放系统示意图；
图9为本发明实施例提供的一种直播视频的播放装置的又一实施例示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供了一种直播视频的播放方法，如图1所示，该方法应用于共享观看直播视频的用户客户端中，具体步骤包括：
101、客户端向控制中心发送直播视频的播放请求。
在现有的用户播放直播视频的方式中，是由用户向拥有直播视频数据的资源服务器发送数据下载的请求。而在本发明实施例中，客户端能够通过对等网络以P2P的方式来获取直播视频数据。而客户端在确认可以与哪些其他 的客户端进行数据共享的方式是通过向控制中心发送直播视频的播放请求。由控制中心根据该播放请求来为该客户端配置一个共享客户端列表。在该列表中，记录有能够与该客户端进行直播视频数据共享的客户端以及相对应的各个客户端的相关信息，例如，客户端的用户名，客户端的IP地址，当前网络状态等信息。这些客户端为当前正在观看该直播视频且具有较高的数据传输速率的客户端。由该列表中的共享客户端与该客户端共同构成一个小型的P2P网络。
102、根据控制中心返回的共享客户端列表建立与该列表中共享客户端的数据通信链接。
根据上述101中的叙述可见，控制中心所返回的共享客户端列表中的客户端并非是所有正在观看该直播视频的客户端，而是有选择的部分客户端。也就是说，控制中心能够决定用户所在的客户端能够与哪些其他客户端进行数据共享，而客户端自身则只需要根据控制中心所匹配出的共享客户端列表中所列出的共享客户端进行数据共享即可。而进行数据共享的前提是要与这些共享客户端建立数据通信链接，以实现直播数据的传输共享。
需要说明的是，由于本发明实施例是基于P2P的数据传输模式，因此，客户端的范围并不只限于观看该直播视频的用户所在的客户端，也可以是拥有该直播视频数据的服务器。也就是说，在共享客户端列表中，也可以包括资源服务器。
103、利用数据通信链接发送直播视频的订阅请求。
根据上一步骤中所建立的数据通信链接，客户端就与列表中的所有共享客户端建立起一个小型的区域的对等网路，通过该对等网络，直播视频的数据被共享，用户端可以从不同的共享客户端中获取该直播视频额数据。而为了避免数据的重复获取，现有的P2P模式是将视频数据进行分段切分，并且将每一小段的视频数据进行切片处理，得到更便于发送的视频数据块，并根据每个数据块在视频中的位置加以标记。如此，客户端在向共享客户端获取数据时，就可根据自己所需向共享客户端发送询问请求，询问共享客户端是否有所需的数据块，共享客户端根据询问请求判断，如果有该数据块就再向客户端发送响应信息，以告知客户端，再由客户端发送一个数据块的获取请求，共享客户端根据该获取请求再将数据块发送给客户端。对于现有的这种模式在进行普通视频文件共享传输时可以不考虑数据发送的延时问题，而对 于直播视频这种要求低延时传输方式时，现有的P2P网络显然是不能够进行视频直播的。
为此，本发明实施例是在客户端与共享客户端建立通信链接时，直接向共享客户端发送一个直播视频的订阅请求。该订阅请求中包括了客户端想要获取的直播视频的数据信息，该数据信息是对视频数据进行切片后，得到的一组数据信息，也就是由客户端来确定需要获取分组数据信息，由共享客户端判断自身是否具有该分组数据信息，如果有就主动发送给客户端，而不再需要等待客户端的确认以及再次的获取请求。由于减少的是每次获取视频数据块所产生的应答流程机制，因此大大减少了客户端与共享客户端之间的交互流程。从而减少了因交互过程所造成的延时问题。
需要说明的是，直播视频的切片分组为现有技术，本实施例并不限定具体的切片技术是将视频数据进行横向切片或是纵向切片。通过对切片分组后的数据块进行标识，以保证后续将这些数据块进行组合，实现连续的视频播放。
此外，客户端在向共享客户端发送订阅请求时，是根据共享客户端的数量以及数据传输的状态来确定所订阅的直播视频的分组数据信息的。例如，在共享客户端数量较多时，可以向每个客户端只订阅一组，而在共享客户端的数量有限时，可以向数据传输速率高的共享客户端订阅多组的直播视频数据。
104、接收共享客户端根据订阅请求发送的分组数据信息。
在对等网络中，数据的共享体现在每个客户端既是数据的接收者，同时也是数据的发送者。因此，客户端在接收共享客户端发送的分组数据信息后就可以向该分组数据信息发送给网络中其他没有该组数据的共享客户端，其身份也是共享客户端。
本发明实施例中，共享客户端在接收到订阅请求后，将判断是否拥有符合订阅请求的分组数据信息，若存在就将该组数据信息直接发送给客户端。可见，该订阅请求区别于现有的数据块请求，而是一组数据块的请求。
需要说明的是，直播视频数据的分组数据信息的分配方式是由发布该直播视频的资源服务器根据一定的规则制定的。即该直播视频数据在发送时，具体的分段方式、规模以及如何进行切片处理都是有资源服务器预先制定好的。
105、组合共享客户端发送的分组数据信息，以便得到连续直播视频进行播放。
客户端将不同共享客户端发送的分组数据信息，根据其标识进行排列组合就能够得到用于播放的连续的直播视频数据。由于数据会根据订阅请求不断的发送至客户端中，据此客户端就可以不断的合成直播视频的片段数据。由于该过程的延时程度很小，在理想状态下可忽略不计，因而能够实现在对等网络中实时的视频直播。
与上述方法相对应地，本发明实施例还提供了一种直播视频的播放方法，如图2所示，该方法应用于视频直播系统中的控制中心，用于与所有客户端进行交互，配置局域的对等网络，具体步骤包括：
201、控制中心接收客户端发送的直播视频的播放请求。
控制中心与客户端之间通过现有的通信网络进行通信，具体的方式不做具体限定。本实施例中，以基于IP网络构建的CDN网络系统为例，控制中心可以是该网络系统中的一个边缘CDN服务器，也可以是位于中继设备层的一台服务器。具体的设置可根据整体网络的规模进行调整。而控制中心的作用是要接收所有用户的观看直播视频的播放请求。
该播放请求中至少包含有用户所有观看的直播视频信息，以及用户的用户信息，如用户名，客户端的IP地址等信息。根据用户的用户信息，控制中心可对该用户进行观看权限的判断，对无权限用户的播放请求做驳回处理。将符合权限的用户进行后续的请求处理工作。
202、根据播放请求将客户端加入该直播视频的播放客户端列表。
由于直播视频并不是唯一的，会有不同的直播频道或者是有不同的主播上传的直播视频。因此，控制中心也会根据直播视频的不同对不同的直播视频播放请求进行分类，将请求同一个直播视频的客户端分到一类中，将这些客户端以及正在播放该直播视频的客户端组成一个列表，生成播放客户端列表，该列表中记录有各个客户端的相关信息，至少包括有客户端的名称、IP地址以及当前的网络状态(上传、下载速率)。其中，客户端当前的网络状态可以通过与控制中心发送保活报文的方式来获取，但不仅限于该方式，在现有的测试技术中已有较多的实现方式来获取客户端当前的网络状态，因此，对此本实施例不做限定。
控制中心将发送播放请求的客户端加入直播视频的播放客户端列表的同 时也会将终止播放直播视频的客户端删除。从而实时更新该播放客户端列表的准确性与时效性。
203、在播放客户端列表中筛选出数据传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表。
根据202中生成的播放客户端列表，通过预置的策略筛选出一部分数据传输速率高的客户端，并将这些客户端以及对应的相关信息组成共享客户端列表。其中，传输速率可以通过上述的客户端当前的网络状态进行判断。具体的预置策略的内容可以根据网络的实际需求有管理员进行设置与修改。
需要说明的是，控制中心筛选共享客户端列表的目的在于为客户端选择建立对等网络的用户。因此，为了保证对等网络中各个用户的数据传输性能，控制中心会将筛选出与该客户端具有良好数据传输性能的共享客户端。
204、将共享客户端列表发送至客户端。
将203中得到的共享客户端列表作为客户端发送的直播视频的播放请求的响应信息反馈给该客户端。
结合上述的实现方式可以看出，本发明实施例所采用的直播视频的上传方法，是将现有的P2P模式加以改进以适应直播视频对低延时的需求。具体的改进体现在是由客户端向控制中心申请想要观看的直播视频，并接收控制中心返回的一个共享客户端列表。再向该列表所提供的共享客户端发送订阅直播视频数据的请求，根据该请求共享客户端会主动发送符合该请求的直播视频数据，而不需要再经过与客户端的确认后在发送相关数据。同时，客户端会根据共享客户端中列出的共享客户端，分别获取直播视频不同部分的数据内容，以分担单个数据源的负载负担。客户端根据将不同共享客户端接收到的直播视频数据加以排序组合，就可以得到连续的可用于播放的直播视频数据。此外，在本发明实施例中还加入了控制中心，用于接收客户端的直播视频请求，并加以分析得到最适合与该客户端进行直播视频数据共享的部分客户端，以实现直播视频数据在这部分客户端中的高效利用，减轻直播视频数据所在资源服务器的负载压力。相对于现有的直播视频的方式，本发明实施例通过缩减客户端之间数据传输的访问机制，以及限定P2P网络中进行数据共享的节点范围，来达到直播视频对数据传输的低延时要求。使得直播视频能够以P2P网络的方式进行在线直播，解决了传统模式中直播视频数据的资源服务器在面对大量访问的情况下负载严重不均的问题。
为了更加详细地说明本发明实施例所提出的直播视频的上传方法，以下将综合上述的两种方法加以说明，如图3所示，该方法所包括的具体步骤为：
301、客户端向控制中心发送直播视频的播放请求。
本步骤中，客户端向控制中心发送直播视频的播放请求，以及控制中心接收该播放请求，所基于的网络在上述的201中已做说明，具体的实现方式可参考上述的步骤101与201中的说明，此处不再赘述。
302、控制中心根据播放请求筛选出数据传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表。
控制中心在接收播放请求之前，确定当前系统中正在播放的直播视频，并为每个直播视频创建单独的播放客户端列表，该列表中记录了当前所有播放同一直播视频的客户端以及对应的客户端信息。
在得到播放客户端列表后，控制中心将接收到的播放请求进行识别，根据该播放请求中所带有的直播视频的信息确定客户端所属的播放客户端列表，并将该客户端以及对应的客户端信息一同加入到该列表中。同时，在该列表中筛选出多个传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表。具体的筛选策略可以是在播放客户端列表中进行排序，基于与发送请求的客户端为相同地域或通运营商为前提，再考虑各个客户端当前的网络状态，即数据传输速率，将排名靠前的多个客户端作为备选的共享客户端。再根据视频发送的具体规则，即直播视频数据的分组原则，选择相对应数量的客户端作为共享客户端。其中，直播视频数据的分组原则可以由控制中心向发送该直播视频的资源服务器获取。例如，控制中心获取的直播视频数据的分组原则是一个视频数据段被分成5组，则在播放客户端列表中选取排序前5名的客户端作为共享客户端，并将该客户端以及对应的客户端信息生成共享客户端列表。
303、客户端根据接收的共享客户端列表建立与该列表中共享客户端的数据通信链接。
控制中心将302中生成的共享客户端列表发送至客户端中，作为该客户端发送播放请求的响应信息。根据接收到的共享客户端列表，该客户端解析该列表，并分别与列表中的共享客户端建立数据通信链接。从而在客户端与共享客户端之间建立一个小型的P2P网络架构。
304、客户端利用数据通信链接向共享客户端发送直播视频的订阅请求。
在客户端建立起对等网络的同时，客户端根据预置的策略来分配向不同 共享发送的订阅请求的内容。由于策略主要针对的是发送直播视频数据，因此，更多关注的是共享客户端的数据传输状态，例如，在上述的示例中，客户端直接可以将5组不同的分组数据请求平均分配给5个不同的共享客户端，而如果共享客户端的数量只有4个的时候，客户端将会选择向数据传输速率最好的一个客户端发送获取2个分组数据的请求。具体的策略内容可有管理员根据实际需求随时更改。
305、客户端接收共享客户端根据订阅请求发送的分组数据信息。
客户端在发送订阅请求后，共享客户端将根据订阅请求中的分组数据请求将本机拥有的符合该请求的分组数据信息发送给客户端。
需要特别说明的是，客户端向共享客户端所发送的订阅请求是在P2P网络建立时所发送的，并且该请求只需要发送一次，共享客户端就会在整个的视频直播过程中不停的向客户端发送符合订阅规则的分组数据信息。
306、由客户端组合共享客户端发送的所述分组数据信息，以便得到连续直播视频进行播放。
客户端在获取到所述共享客户端所发送的分组数据信息后，会按照信息的不同来源进行分类，同时提取分组数据信息中的标识信息，该标识信息是用于记录该分组数据信息在直播视频中的具体位置。例如，一个视频在发送时，会分成若干段，而每个段又被分成相同的数据组，如此，一个数据组上会被标注第几段中的第几组这样的标识信息。根据这些标识信息，客户端能够将分散的分组数据信息整合成整段连续的视频数据，并进行实时的播放。
进一步的，作为对上述方法的实现，本发明实施例提供了一种直播视频的播放装置，该装置设置在观看直播视频的客户端中，如图4所示，该装置包括：
第一发送单元41，用于客户端向控制中心发送直播视频的播放请求，以便控制中心统计观看所述直播视频的客户端数量，并且通过预置策略向所述客户端返回共享客户端列表，所述共享客户端列表中记录有数据传输速率高的共享所述直播视频数据的客户端以及对应的客户端地址信息。
建立单元42，用于根据所述控制中心返回的共享客户端列表建立与所述列表中共享客户端的数据通信链接。
第二发送单元43，用于利用所述建立单元42建立的数据通信链接发送所述直播视频的订阅请求，所述订阅请求是向所述共享客户端预定所述直播 视频的分组数据信息，所述分组数据信息是利用视频切片技术得到的一组视频数据信息。
接收单元44，用于接收所述共享客户端根据所述第二发送单元43发送的订阅请求而发送的所述分组数据信息。
组合单元45，用于组合所述接收单元44接收的所述共享客户端发送的所述分组数据信息，以便得到连续直播视频进行播放。
进一步的，如图5所示，所述第二发送单元43包括：
确定模块431，用于根据预置策略确定向所述共享客户端订阅的直播视频的分组数据信息。
发送模块432，用于发送带有所述确定模块431确定的所述分组数据信息的订阅请求，以便共享客户端根据所述订阅请求发送相应的所述直播视频的分组数据信息。
进一步的，如图5所示，所述组合单元45包括：
提取模块451，用于提取所述分组数据信息中的标识信息，所述标识信息中记录有所述分组数据信息在所述直播视频中的位置。
组合模块452，用于利用所述提取模块451提取的标识信息组合所述共享客户端发送的分组数据信息，组成连续的直播视频数据。
进一步的，本发明实施例还提供一种直播视频的播放装置，该装置设置在直播系统的控制中心中，具体的可以是一台服务器或者是网络中的一个客户端，如图6所示，该装置包括：
接收单元61，用于控制中心接收客户端发送的直播视频的播放请求；
添加单元62，用于根据所述接收单元61接收的播放请求将所述客户端加入所述直播视频的播放客户端列表，所述播放客户端列表中记录有所有播放所述直播视频的客户端以及对应的客户端信息；
生成单元63，用于在所述播放客户端列表中筛选出数据传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表；
发送单元64，用于将所述生成单元63筛选生成的共享客户端列表发送至所述客户端。
进一步的，如图7所示，所述装置还包括：
创建单元65，用于在所述添加单元62根据所述播放请求将所述客户端加入所述直播视频的播放客户端列表之前，为当前直播的直播视频创建播放 客户端列表。
进一步的，如图7所示，所述生成单元63包括：
获取模块631，用于获取所述播放客户端列表中所有播放客户端当前的数据传输速率。
生成模块632，筛选出多个所述获取模块631获取的传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表。
进一步的，本发明实施例还提供一种直播视频的播放系统，如图8所示，所述系统包括含有上述直播视频的播放装置的客户端81以及含有上述直播视频的播放装置的控制中心82。
其中，所述客户端81，用于向所述控制中心82发送直播视频的播放请求，并根据控制中心返回的共享客户端列表建立与所述列表中共享客户端的数据通信链接，根据所述数据通信链接向共享客户端发送直播视频的订阅请求并接收共享客户端返回的直播视频的分组数据信息，最终组合从不同共享客户端接收到的分组数据信息，得到可连续播放的直播视频数据并进行播放；
所述控制中心82，用于接收所述客户端81发送的直播视频的播放请求，并根据所述播放请求将所述客户端加入对应的直播视频的播放客户端列表，同时，在所述播放客户端列表中筛选出数据传输速率高的客户端生成共享客户端列表，将所述共享客户端列表发送至所述客户端。
综上所述，本发明实施例所采用的一种直播视频的播放方法、装置及系统，是将现有的P2P模式加以改进以适应直播视频对低延时的需求。具体的改进体现在是由客户端向控制中心申请想要观看的直播视频，并接收控制中心返回的一个共享客户端列表。再向该列表所提供的共享客户端发送订阅直播视频数据的请求，根据该请求共享客户端会主动发送符合该请求的直播视频数据，而不需要再经过与客户端的确认后在发送相关数据。同时，客户端会根据共享客户端中列出的共享客户端，分别获取直播视频不同部分的数据内容，以分担单个数据源的负载负担。客户端根据将不同共享客户端接收到的直播视频数据加以排序组合，就可以得到连续的可用于播放的直播视频数据。此外，在本发明实施例中还加入了控制中心，用于接收客户端的直播视频请求，并加以分析得到最适合与该客户端进行直播视频数据共享的部分客户端，以实现直播视频数据在这部分客户端中的高效利用，减轻直播视频数据所在资源服务器的负载压力。相对于现有的直播视频的方式，本发明实施 例通过缩减客户端之间数据传输的访问机制，以及限定P2P网络中进行数据共享的节点范围，来达到直播视频对数据传输的低延时要求。使得直播视频能够以P2P网络的方式进行在线直播，解决了传统模式中直播视频数据的资源服务器在面对大量访问的情况下负载严重不均的问题。
需要说明的是，针对上述直播视频的播放装置，凡是本发明实施例中使用到的各个单元模块的功能都可以通过硬件处理器(hardware processor)来实现。
示例性的，如图9所示，图9示出了本发明实施例提供的一种直播视频的播放装置的又一实施例示意图，是将上述直播视频的播放装置设置在实体服务器中，该服务器可以包括：处理器(processor)91、通信接口(Communications Interface)92、存储器(memory)93和总线94，其中，处理器91、通信接口92、存储器93通过总线94完成相互间的通信。通信接口92可以用于服务器与客户端之间的信息传输。处理器91可以调用存储器93中的逻辑指令，以执行如下方法：客户端向控制中心发送直播视频的播放请求，以便控制中心统计观看所述直播视频的客户端数量，并且通过预置策略向所述客户端返回共享客户端列表，所述共享客户端列表中记录有数据传输速率高的共享所述直播视频数据的客户端以及对应的客户端信息；根据所述控制中心返回的共享客户端列表建立与所述列表中共享客户端的数据通信链接；利用所述数据通信链接发送所述直播视频的订阅请求，所述订阅请求是向所述共享客户端预定所述直播视频的分组数据信息，所述分组数据信息是利用视频切片技术得到的一组视频数据信息；接收所述共享客户端根据所述订阅请求发送的所述分组数据信息；组合所述共享客户端发送的所述分组数据信息，以便得到连续直播视频进行播放。
此外，上述的存储器93中的逻辑指令可以通过软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁 碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性的劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到各实施方式可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现，当然也可以通过硬件。基于这样的理解，上述技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘等，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行各个实施例或者实施例的某些部分所述的方法。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种直播视频的播放方法，其特征在于，包括：
    客户端向控制中心发送直播视频的播放请求，以便控制中心统计观看所述直播视频的客户端数量，并且通过预置策略向所述客户端返回共享客户端列表，所述共享客户端列表中记录有数据传输速率高的共享所述直播视频数据的客户端以及对应的客户端信息；
    根据所述控制中心返回的共享客户端列表建立与所述列表中共享客户端的数据通信链接；
    利用所述数据通信链接发送所述直播视频的订阅请求，所述订阅请求是向所述共享客户端预定所述直播视频的分组数据信息，所述分组数据信息是利用视频切片技术得到的一组视频数据信息；
    接收所述共享客户端根据所述订阅请求发送的所述分组数据信息；
    组合所述共享客户端发送的所述分组数据信息，以便得到连续直播视频进行播放。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，利用所述数据通信链接发送所述直播视频的订阅请求包括：
    根据预置策略确定向所述共享客户端订阅的直播视频的分组数据信息；
    发送带有所述分组数据信息的订阅请求，以便共享客户端根据所述订阅请求发送相应的所述直播视频的分组数据信息。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，组合所述共享客户端发送的所述分组数据信息，得到连续直播视频进行播放包括：
    提取所述分组数据信息中的标识信息，所述标识信息中记录有所述分组数据信息在所述直播视频中的位置；
    利用所述标识信息组合所述共享客户端发送的分组数据信息，组成连续的直播视频数据。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预置策略的参数包括：共享客户端的数量以及每个共享客户端的数据传输状态。
  5. 一种直播视频的播放方法，其特征在于，包括：
    控制中心接收客户端发送的直播视频的播放请求；
    根据所述播放请求将所述客户端加入所述直播视频的播放客户端列表， 所述播放客户端列表中记录有所有播放所述直播视频的客户端以及对应的客户端信息；
    在所述播放客户端列表中筛选出数据传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表；
    将所述共享客户端列表发送至所述客户端。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在根据所述播放请求将所述客户端加入所述直播视频的播放客户端列表之前，所述方法还包括：
    为当前直播的直播视频创建播放客户端列表。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述播放客户端列表中筛选出数据传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表包括：
    获取所述播放客户端列表中所有播放客户端当前的数据传输速率；
    筛选出多个传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表。
  8. 一种直播视频的播放装置，其特征在于，包括：
    第一发送单元，用于客户端向控制中心发送直播视频的播放请求，以便控制中心统计观看所述直播视频的客户端数量，并且通过预置策略向所述客户端返回共享客户端列表，所述共享客户端列表中记录有数据传输速率高的共享所述直播视频数据的客户端以及对应的客户端地址信息；
    建立单元，用于根据所述控制中心返回的共享客户端列表建立与所述列表中共享客户端的数据通信链接；
    第二发送单元，用于利用所述建立单元建立的数据通信链接发送所述直播视频的订阅请求，所述订阅请求是向所述共享客户端预定所述直播视频的分组数据信息，所述分组数据信息是利用视频切片技术得到的一组视频数据信息；
    接收单元，用于接收所述共享客户端根据所述第二发送单元发送的订阅请求而发送的所述分组数据信息；
    组合单元，用于组合所述接收单元接收的共享客户端发送的所述分组数据信息，以便得到连续直播视频进行播放。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二发送单元包括：
    确定模块，用于根据预置策略确定向所述共享客户端订阅的直播视频的分组数据信息；
    发送模块，用于发送带有所述确定模块确定的所述分组数据信息的订阅 请求，以便共享客户端根据所述订阅请求发送相应的所述直播视频的分组数据信息。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述组合单元包括：
    提取模块，用于提取所述分组数据信息中的标识信息，所述标识信息中记录有所述分组数据信息在所述直播视频中的位置；
    组合模块，用于利用所述提取模块提取的标识信息组合所述共享客户端发送的分组数据信息，组成连续的直播视频数据。
  11. 一种直播视频的播放装置，其特征在于，包括：
    接收单元，用于控制中心接收客户端发送的直播视频的播放请求；
    添加单元，用于根据所述接收单元接收的播放请求将所述客户端加入所述直播视频的播放客户端列表，所述播放客户端列表中记录有所有播放所述直播视频的客户端以及对应的客户端信息；
    生成单元，用于在所述播放客户端列表中筛选出数据传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表；
    发送单元，用于将所述生成单元筛选生成的共享客户端列表发送至所述客户端。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    创建单元，用于在所述添加单元根据所述播放请求将所述客户端加入所述直播视频的播放客户端列表之前，为当前直播的直播视频创建播放客户端列表。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述生成单元包括：
    获取模块，用于获取所述播放客户端列表中所有播放客户端当前的数据传输速率；
    生成模块，筛选出多个所述获取模块获取的传输速率高的客户端，生成共享客户端列表。
  14. 一种直播视频的播放系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括含有如权利要求8-10中任一项所述直播视频的播放装置的客户端以及含有如权利要求11-13中任一项所述直播视频的播放装置的控制中心；
    所述客户端，用于向所述控制中心发送直播视频的播放请求，并根据控制中心返回的共享客户端列表建立与所述列表中共享客户端的数据通信链接，根据所述数据通信链接向共享客户端发送直播视频的订阅请求并接收共 享客户端返回的直播视频的分组数据信息，最终组合从共享客户端接收到的分组数据信息，得到可连续播放的直播视频数据并进行播放；
    所述控制中心，用于接收所述客户端发送的直播视频的播放请求，并根据所述播放请求将所述客户端加入对应的直播视频的播放客户端列表，同时，在所述播放客户端列表中筛选出数据传输速率高的客户端生成共享客户端列表，将所述共享客户端列表发送至所述客户端。
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