WO2017084326A1

WO2017084326A1 - Human evacuation simulation method and device, decision-making assistance method and system, and emergency platform

Info

Publication number: WO2017084326A1
Application number: PCT/CN2016/085740
Authority: WO
Inventors: 陈涛; 苏国锋; 袁宏永; 黄全义; 李志鹏; 毕微微; 马鹏飞
Original assignee: 清华大学; 北京辰安科技股份有限公司; 清华大学合肥公共安全研究院
Priority date: 2015-11-17
Filing date: 2016-06-14
Publication date: 2017-05-26
Also published as: CN106709100B; CN106709100A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and a device for human evacuation simulation, a method and a system for decision-making assistance, and an emergency platform. The human evacuation simulation method performs human evacuation simulation in unit of community consisting of a plurality of buildings, comprising: abstracting every building in the community as one network node, and performing, in parallel, evacuation simulation on a plurality of nodes in the community; dividing the evacuation process in each node into an evacuation reaction process, a walk process, and a congestion process in series, and calculating the evacuation time in the node; searching, among all the network nodes in the community, a first node in which the evacuation time is longest; and determining, according to the evacuation time of the first node, the total evacuation time of the entire community. The present invention is able to achieve evacuation with a community as a unit, requiring less parameter to be inputted, having a high computing speed, and being applicable into practical emergency decision making.

Description

Personnel evacuation simulation method and device, auxiliary decision method and system, emergency platform

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of personnel evacuation, in particular to a method and device for evacuating personnel, a method and system for assisting decision making, and an emergency platform including the auxiliary decision system.

Background technique

At present, public security incidents such as fires, earthquakes, and terrorist threats occur frequently in cities. In the case of such public security incidents, how to evacuate large-scale populations safely and how to transfer high-density populations is the key. problem.

In the emergency platform used by the urban emergency management department for emergency decision-making or emergency command, it is usually necessary to include a personnel evacuation simulation device for simulating the evacuation process of the personnel, and according to the simulation result of the evacuation simulation device of the personnel, a personnel evacuation plan, dispatching rescue Strength, traffic control, etc., to minimize casualties and property damage.

In the past, personnel evacuation simulation devices were mainly classified into two types according to objects. One is a human evacuation simulation device that targets people in a single building as in Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2, and such devices are usually developed based on human psychology research in a blocked state, and have been developed such as Building Exodus and Simulex. Egress, etc.; another is a human evacuation simulation device that simulates the evacuation behavior of pedestrians and vehicles in urban roads on urban roads as in Patent Document 3.

Non-Patent Document 1: "Technical Manual for Building Fire and Evacuation Safety Performance Verification" - Japan's three-step evacuation time empirical formula.

Non-Patent Document 2: Yuan Liming, Fan Weicheng. Prediction of the safe evacuation time of personnel in building fires. Journal of Natural Disasters 1997, 6(2): 28-33

Patent Document 3: CN101958044A.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a person who performs simulation of personnel evacuation by a community composed of a plurality of buildings An evacuation simulation method and apparatus, an auxiliary decision method based on the personnel evacuation simulation method, an auxiliary decision system including the personnel evacuation simulation device, and an emergency platform including the auxiliary decision system.

The personnel evacuation simulation method provided by the first aspect of the present invention performs personnel evacuation simulation by a community composed of a plurality of buildings, including: a networking step of abstracting each building in the community into a network node, within the community Multiple nodes perform evacuation simulation in parallel; the intra-node evacuation step decomposes the evacuation process in each node into an evacuation reaction process, a walking process, a concatenation process of the congestion process, and an evacuation time within the calculation node; the search step is all within the community Among the network nodes, the first node with the longest evacuation time in the search node; and the community evacuation time determining step determine the total evacuation time of the entire community according to the evacuation time of the first node.

The present invention also provides a second mode, which is the personnel evacuation simulation method according to the first mode, further comprising: an input step of inputting only the building use, the building area, the number of floors, the number of people to be evacuated, or Enter only the building use, building area, and number of floors.

The present invention also provides a third aspect, which is the personnel evacuation simulation method according to the second aspect, wherein, in the evacuation reaction, according to the building use, the building area, and the floor Obtaining an evacuation reaction time; during the walking, obtaining a walking time according to the building use, the building area, the number of floors, and walking speed; in the congested process, a stair for evacuation is coupled into an evacuation stair width, and a congestion time is obtained according to the width of the evacuation stair; obtaining an evacuation time in the node according to the evacuation reaction time, the walking time, and the congestion time; wherein the walking The speed is related to the use of the building.

The present invention also provides a fourth aspect, which is the personnel evacuation simulation method according to the third aspect, wherein, in the walking process, obtaining the building in accordance with the building area and the number of layers The sum of the walking distances required for the person to reach the exit, and the walking speed is obtained according to the building use, and the walking time is obtained according to the sum of the walking distance and the walking speed.

The present invention also provides a fifth mode, which is the personnel evacuation simulation method according to the third mode or the fourth mode, wherein, in the congestion process, according to the evacuation stairs width and the number of layers Obtaining the sum of the floor area of the stairwell and obtaining an effective flow coefficient according to the relationship between the sum of the floor area of the stairwell and the floor space of the evacuation personnel, and according to the The effective flow coefficient, the number of people to be evacuated, the width of the ground exit stairs, and the congestion time are obtained.

The present invention also provides a sixth mode, which is the personnel evacuation simulation method according to the fourth aspect or the fifth aspect, wherein the building use comprises a first type of building and a second type of building, wherein The first type of building is a building that a person cannot start evacuating within a preset time, and the second type of building is a building that a person can start evacuating within the preset time; in the evacuation reaction process, the first The evacuation reaction time of one type of building is greater than the evacuation reaction time of the second type of building; during the walking, the walking speed of the first type of building is less than the walking speed of the second type of building.

The present invention also provides a seventh mode, which is the personnel evacuation simulation method according to the sixth aspect, wherein the first type of building comprises at least one of the following: a house, a hotel, a theater, a stadium.

The present invention also provides an eighth mode, which is the personnel evacuation simulation method according to the fifth aspect, wherein when the number of people to be evacuated is not input in the inputting step, the person passes during the congestion process The density and the floor area are used to obtain the number of people to be evacuated, wherein the density of the first type of building is greater than the density of the people of the second type of building.

In the assist decision making method of the ninth aspect of the present invention, the assisting decision is made according to the evacuation time of the entire community obtained by the human evacuation simulation method according to any one of the first to eighth aspects.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, a personnel evacuation simulation apparatus includes: a network module for abstracting each building in a community composed of a plurality of buildings into a network node, and performing evacuation simulation in parallel on a plurality of nodes in the community The evacuation module in the building is used to decompose the evacuation process in each node into an evacuation reaction process, a walking process, a concatenation process of the congestion process, and an evacuation time in the calculation node; a search module is used among all the network nodes in the community. Searching for a first node with the longest evacuation time in the node; and a community evacuation time module, configured to determine a total evacuation time of the entire community according to the evacuation time of the first node, and output the evacuation time; wherein There are one or more evacuation modules in the building.

The present invention also provides an eleventh aspect, wherein the eleventh aspect is the personnel evacuation device according to the tenth aspect, further comprising: a parameter input module, configured to input only the building use, the building area, the number of floors, and the The number of evacuations, or only the building use, building area, and number of floors.

The present invention also provides a twelfth aspect, the twelfth aspect being the person as described in the eleventh aspect An evacuation module, wherein the in-building evacuation module comprises: an evacuation reaction unit for obtaining an evacuation reaction time according to the building use, the building area, the number of layers, and a walking unit for Use, the building area, the number of floors, walking speed, obtaining walking time; a congestion unit for using the building area and the number of floors, or the building area, the number of floors, and the number of evacuations And integrating a plurality of stairs for evacuation in the building into an evacuation staircase width, according to which the congestion time is obtained; the evacuation reaction unit, the walking unit, the congestion unit are connected in series, according to the The evacuation reaction time, the walking time, and the congestion time obtain an evacuation time within the node; wherein the walking speed is related to the building use.

The present invention also provides a thirteenth aspect, wherein the pedestrian evacuation device according to the twelfth aspect, wherein the walking unit obtains a person in the building according to the building area and the number of floors The sum of the walking distances required to reach the exit, and the walking speed is obtained according to the building use, and the walking time is obtained according to the sum of the walking distances and the walking speed.

The present invention provides a fourteenth aspect, wherein the fourteenth aspect is the personnel evacuation device according to the twelfth aspect or the thirteenth aspect, wherein the congestion unit is based on the width of the evacuation stairs and the number of layers Obtaining the sum of the floor area of the stairwell, and obtaining an effective flow coefficient according to the relationship between the sum of the floor area of the stairwell and the floor space of the evacuation personnel, and according to the effective flow coefficient, the number of people to be evacuated, and the width of the ground exit stairs Obtaining the congestion time.

The invention also provides a fifteenth aspect, the human evacuation device of the thirteenth aspect or the fourteenth aspect, wherein the building use comprises a first type of building and a second type of building, Wherein the first type of building is a building that a person cannot evacuate within a preset time, and the second type of building is a building that a person can evacuate within the preset time; in the evacuation reaction unit, The evacuation reaction time of the first type of building is greater than the evacuation reaction time of the second type of building; in the walking unit, the walking speed of the first type of building is less than the walking speed of the second type of building.

The present invention also provides a sixteenth aspect, the sixteenth aspect, wherein the first type of building comprises at least one of the following: a house, a hotel, a theater, a stadium.

The present invention also provides a seventeenth aspect, the seventeenth aspect being the person as described in the sixteenth aspect The evacuation device further includes a storage module for storing the walking speed and the personnel density associated with the building use, and when the parameter input module does not input the number of people to be evacuated, the congestion unit passes the personnel The density and the floor area are used to obtain the number of persons to be evacuated, wherein the density of personnel of the first type of building is greater than the density of personnel of the second type of building.

The auxiliary decision making system of the eighteenth aspect of the present invention, comprising: the personnel evacuation simulation device and the auxiliary decision device according to any one of the eleventh to seventeenth aspects, wherein the auxiliary decision making device is configured to: The auxiliary decision is made according to the total evacuation time of the entire community output by the personnel evacuation simulation device.

The emergency platform of the nineteenth aspect of the present invention comprises: the auxiliary decision system according to the eighteenth aspect.

The twentieth aspect is the emergency platform according to the nineteenth aspect, wherein the emergency platform further includes at least one of the following systems: an emergency plan development system, an emergency exercise system Rescue power dispatching system.

A twenty-first aspect of the present invention provides a personnel evacuation apparatus, comprising: a processor; and a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: be within the community Each building is abstracted into a network node, and the evacuation simulation is performed in parallel for multiple nodes in the community; the evacuation process in each node is decomposed into the evacuation reaction process, the walking process, the concatenation process, and the evacuation time in the computing node. Among all the network nodes in the community, the first node with the longest evacuation time in the search node is searched; and the total evacuation time of the entire community is determined according to the evacuation time of the first node.

A twenty-second aspect of the present invention provides a personnel evacuation simulation program that causes a computer to perform an operation of abstracting each building in a community into a network node and performing evacuation simulation in parallel on a plurality of nodes in the community Decompose the evacuation process in each node into the evacuation reaction process, the walking process, the concatenation process of the congestion process, and the evacuation time within the calculation node; among all the network nodes in the community, the first time of the evacuation time in the search node is the longest a node; and determining an overall evacuation time of the entire community based on the evacuation time of the first node.

A twenty-third aspect of the present invention provides a storage medium storing a personnel evacuation simulation program, the program causing a computer to perform an operation of abstracting each building in a community into a network node in parallel with a plurality of nodes in the community Perform evacuation simulation; decompose the evacuation process in each node into the evacuation reaction process, the walking process, the concatenation process of the congestion process, and the evacuation in the calculation node Among all the network nodes in the community, the first node with the longest evacuation time in the search node is searched; and the total evacuation time of the entire community is determined according to the evacuation time of the first node.

According to the human evacuation simulation method and apparatus of the present invention, community evacuation by a community unit can be realized. In addition, the personnel evacuation simulation method and apparatus according to the present invention requires less input parameters and does not require a large amount of data, and can be applied to engineering practice. In addition, the personnel evacuation simulation method and apparatus according to the present invention have a fast calculation speed and can be applied to actual emergency decision making.

In addition, the auxiliary decision making method and system according to the present invention can provide technical support for emergency commander's emergency decision making in a disaster or accident environment requiring evacuation of the community. In addition, the auxiliary decision making method and system of the invention have the characteristics of less input parameters and fast calculation speed, so that the auxiliary decision making is practical and timely.

In addition, according to the emergency platform of the present invention, it is possible to cooperate with other systems or modules by integrating an auxiliary decision system capable of realizing community-wide evacuation assistance decision-making to the emergency platform. In addition, community-wide evacuation simulation results can be applied to the integrated emergency management business.

DRAWINGS

The features and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood from the following description of the drawings.

1 is a flowchart showing a human evacuation simulation method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a simplified schematic diagram showing a parallel relationship of evacuation times of a plurality of buildings in a community-based unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a simplified schematic view showing a series relationship of evacuation processes in a building according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a schematic structural view showing a human evacuation simulation device according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram showing a personnel evacuation assist decision system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

6 is a schematic structural view showing an example of an emergency platform according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a block diagram of the internal components of the processing device.

detailed description

The inventors of the present invention have found through research that the existing personnel evacuation simulation device is difficult to apply to community level personnel evacuation simulation through simple modification. The community here refers to a geographical area with a certain population containing multiple buildings, which can also be called a community or a block.

First of all, at present, there is no personnel evacuation simulation device for multiple buildings at the same time. When a person evacuation simulation device targeting a single building is applied to a community composed of a plurality of buildings, the evacuation time is not a simple addition of the evacuation time of each building. And, there are some superpositions.

Secondly, the evacuation simulation device for a single building usually requires input of a large number of building parameters including room exit width, minimum exit width, maximum walking distance, effective retention area, and the like. Although it is possible to obtain detailed data of a certain building through field measurements for scientific research, it is difficult to obtain detailed data of all buildings in actual situations, and thus such a device is less practical. In addition, in the case of targeting multiple buildings in a community, the amount of data required is larger, and even if detailed data for each building can be obtained, the amount of calculation is large, the calculation speed is slow, and it is difficult to satisfy an emergency. The requirements for rapid decision making in emergency management.

Accordingly, the present invention proposes a community-based human evacuation simulation method and apparatus for a plurality of buildings, and an auxiliary decision-making method and apparatus based on such personnel evacuation simulation methods and apparatus.

The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is intended to However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a further understanding of the invention. The present invention is in no way limited to any specific configurations and algorithms set forth below, but without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

First embodiment

The evacuation simulation method in the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIG.

FIG. 1 shows a human evacuation simulation method according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The personnel evacuation simulation method performs personnel evacuation simulation in units of communities composed of multiple buildings, including:

Step S1: a networking step of abstracting each building in the community into a network node, Multiple nodes within the community perform evacuation simulations in parallel.

Step S2: an evacuation step in the node, decomposing the evacuation process in each node into an evacuation reaction process, a walking process, a concatenation process, and an evacuation time in the calculation node.

Step S3: The searching step searches for the first node with the longest evacuation time in the node among all the network nodes in the community.

Step S4: The community evacuation time determining step determines the total evacuation time of the entire community according to the evacuation time of the first node.

The human evacuation simulation method according to the first embodiment of the present invention further includes the step S5: inputting only inputting the building use, the building area, the number of floors, the number of people to be evacuated, or only inputting the building use, the building area, and the number of floors. Among them, the building area refers to all areas within each building that need to be evacuated. The number of floors refers to the number of floors in each building. The number of people to be evacuated refers to the number of people waiting to be evacuated in each building. In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of input parameters is effectively reduced according to actual engineering needs, and the utility model has the advantages of simplicity and practicability.

Among them, the building uses include the first type of building and the second type of building, and the first type of building is a building that the personnel cannot start evacuating within a preset time, and the second type of building is a building that the person can start evacuating within a preset time. During the evacuation reaction, the evacuation reaction time of the first type of building is greater than the evacuation reaction time of the second type of building.

For the person skilled in the art, the first type of building can be understood to include the following buildings: houses, hotels, theaters, stadiums, restaurants. Due to the nature of the building, people in these buildings cannot start evacuating immediately after receiving an alarm or after discovering a disaster, and the reaction time required is long. For example, in the case of a house, a person may be in a state of sleep, and it is not possible to start evacuation immediately. In the case of a restaurant or the like, it is necessary to give a wide range of notifications, so that evacuation cannot be started immediately. The first type of building is not limited to the above-mentioned five types of buildings, and buildings that cannot be evacuated immediately due to characteristics such as construction use belong to the first type of building.

Hereinafter, the above-described steps S1 to S4 will be described in detail by taking a specific embodiment as an example. However, the invention is not limited to such an embodiment.

In step S1, when there are buildings n, buildings 2, ..., buildings n in the community, the process of evacuating the people in the n buildings in the building is basically independent. ongoing. Thereby, the evacuation simulation between the n buildings can be performed in parallel as shown in Fig. 2 . That is to say, from the perspective of the entire community, each building is a node, building 1, building 2, ..., building n as n nodes N ₁ , N ₂ , ... , N _n , such that n nodes are connected in parallel.

Of course, the parallel disconnection in each building may not be completely independent, and there is a certain correlation. For example, parameters such as the time when people in each building receive an alarm or the like and start evacuation may be related, may be consistent, or may have a specific time difference. The above parallel evacuation can also simulate this situation.

As shown in FIG. 3, step S2 includes: an evacuation reaction process, a walking process, and a congestion process, and the three processes are connected in series, that is, the evacuation time in the node is obtained according to the evacuation reaction time, the walking time, and the congestion time.

The total evacuation time in the building can be determined according to the evacuation reaction time of the evacuation reaction process, the walking time of the walking process, and the congestion time of the congestion process. It can be a simple addition of evacuation reaction time, walking time, and congestion time. It can also be their weighted addition and other operations that satisfy the concatenation relationship and conform to the engineering reality.

Specifically, the evacuation time in the building node N ₁ of T ₁ may be obtained by the following formula:

T ₁ =t _start +t _travel +t _queue

Where t _start is the evacuation reaction time, t _travel is the walking time, and t _queue is the congestion time.

Similarly, the evacuation time T ₂ , . . . , T _{n of the} nodes N ₂ , . . . , N _n can be obtained.

(1) Evacuation reaction process

Evacuation response time includes: evacuation information detection time and start evacuation behavior time. The evacuation information detection time may be a time when a person uses the self-discovery disaster or an accident, or may be a time for receiving an external evacuation alarm or the like. The start of the evacuation behavior time may be the reaction time until the person begins to evacuate the behavior after detecting the evacuation information.

During the evacuation reaction, the evacuation reaction time is obtained according to the building use, building area, and number of floors.

Specific examples of calculating the evacuation reaction time:

In an embodiment of the invention, different empirical formulas are used to calculate the evacuation reaction time, depending on the building use.

For buildings of the first type, such as buildings, hotels, theaters, stadiums, etc., the evacuation response time is:

Among them, A _area is the building area, the unit is m ² ; n is the number of layers of the building.

For the second type of building, the evacuation response time is:

In the embodiment of the present invention, the evacuation time of different types of buildings can be realistically simulated by dividing the building into the first type of building and the second type of building, respectively, to determine the evacuation reaction time.

(2) Walking process

The walking process refers to the process in which people in the building are evacuated to the exit of the building. Walking time is the time required for all personnel in each building to evacuate to the exit of the building.

During the walk, walking time is obtained according to the building use, building area, number of floors, and walking speed.

It should be further explained that during the walking process, the total distance of walking distance required for the personnel in the building to reach the building exit can be obtained according to the building area and the number of floors, and the walking speed can be obtained according to the use of the building, and then according to the sum of the walking distances. With walking speed, get walking time. Among them, the walking speed is related to the use of the building, and during the walking process, the walking speed of the first type of building is smaller than the walking speed of the second type of building.

Specific examples of calculating walking time:

The walking time can be determined from the ratio of the total walking distance required by the personnel in the building to the exit of the building and the walking speed.

Specifically, for a group of buildings whose specific data are not detailed in a single layer in a building, the following three-part simplified calculation can be used to calculate the maximum distance and sum it. In general, the speed of evacuation of people in the building is certain, and the evacuation distance is proportional to the evacuation time. Among them, the evacuation distance includes three parts.

The distance from the highest floor personnel to the highest stairway exit A ₁ is 1 ₁ as follows:

The distance l ₂ from the highest floor exit A ₁ to the ground floor stair exit A ₂ is as follows:

l ₂ =8(n-1) (4)

Stairs from the ground floor to evacuate building reaches the outlet port A ₂ A ₃ distance l _3, of the formula:

In summary, in the evacuation process, in the case of the building data is not very detailed, the corresponding walking distance can be quickly calculated through the building area and the number of floors. Thereby, the parameters of the input can be reduced.

Further, the walking speed may vary depending on the purpose of the building and the characteristics of the use. Among them, the building use can be divided into the first type of building and the second type of building. The use feature may be a category to which each part of the building belongs, and in Table 1, the stairs and the horizontal sections are distinguished, but are not limited thereto.

Table 1 - Walking speed

In the present invention, the evacuation time of different types of buildings can be realistically simulated by dividing the building into the first type of building and the second type of building according to the purpose of determining the walking speed.

The total distance required for the personnel in the building to exit the building is usually determined by the maximum distance from the location of each person to the exit of the building. Thus, here, the sum of the walking distances required by the personnel in the building to the building exit can be calculated from the highest floor, and the walking time t _travel can be calculated based on the sum of the distances and the walking speed described above.

As described above, in the present invention, the walking time of each part is separately calculated and added by the different walking speeds according to the use of the building and the classification of each space in the building such as a staircase and a horizontal road section. As a result, it is possible to realistically simulate an evacuation scenario within a building, and to give an evacuation result that is more in line with the real situation. Thereby, more scientific aided decision making can be made.

(3) Congestion process

Evacuation personnel may be stranded at the exit of the building or at the stairway of a floor. Congestion time refers to the time for releasing the detention in order to allow all personnel to pass through the building exit.

During the congestion process, a plurality of stairs for evacuation in the building can be coupled into the width of the evacuation stairs, and the congestion time is obtained according to the width of the evacuation stairs.

More specifically, in the process of congestion, the sum of the floor area of the stairwell can be obtained according to the width and number of floors of the evacuation stairs, and the effective flow coefficient can be obtained according to the relationship between the sum of the floor area of the stairwell and the floor space of the evacuated personnel. The congestion time is obtained according to the effective flow coefficient, the number of people to be evacuated, and the width of the ground exit stairs.

Specific examples of calculating congestion time:

The congestion time t _{queue is} affected by the number of people to be evacuated P, the effective flow coefficient N _eff , the minimum width B _{d ,} and the like. The minimum width B _d is the minimum value of the evacuation stair width B _st , the stairwell exit width, the building exit width, and the like.

Specifically, the time t _queue congestion can be obtained by the following formula:

If the number of persons to be evacuated P, that is, the total number of persons waiting to be evacuated in the building can be obtained, the number of persons to be evacuated P is taken as an input value, and the calculation of the above formula (7) is performed. That is, in the input step S5, the number of people to be evacuated is input.

However, in many cases, when an emergency occurs, the number of people to be evacuated cannot be determined. In this case, when the number of people to be evacuated is not entered in the input step, the number of people to be evacuated passes.

P=∑ρA _area (8)

To calculate. Among them, A _area is the building area, and ρ is the density of people in the building.

At this time, the congestion time t _queue can be obtained by:

The personnel density ρ varies depending on the building use. The personnel density ρ for the first type of building and the second type of building is shown in Table 2:

Table 2 - Personnel Density Table

As can be seen from the above table, the density of personnel in the first type of building is greater than the density of personnel in the second type of building.

Congestion time is also affected by the width of the stairs. However, the width of all the stairs inside each building is obtained, and the workload is large. Even in practical applications, it is often impossible to obtain. Thus, the width of all the stairs in a building can be coupled into a width of a staircase that passes straight to the ground, that is, the width of the evacuated stairs B _st , as calculated as follows:

Among them, A _arex is the building area, ρ is the density of people in the building, n is the number of layers of the building, and the minimum value of the width of the evacuated stairs is B _st ≥1.1m.

Congestion time is also affected by the effective flow coefficient. The effective flow coefficient refers to the number of people passing through the unit time and unit width. The effective flow coefficient can be obtained according to the size relationship between the sum of the floor area of the stairwell ∑A _st and the floor space of the evacuated personnel ∑A _person .

Among them, the stairwell floor area ∑A _st includes: the platform area of the stairs between all the stairs in the building and the step area of the stairs. However, obtaining the sum of the floor areas of all the stairwells inside each building, too, is a lot of work, and even in practical applications, it is often not available.

Thereby, the sum of the floor areas of the stairwells ∑A _st can be calculated based on the evacuated stair width B _st calculated as the formula (10) described above and the number n of the buildings. Specifically, the stairwell area ∑A _st can be obtained by:

∑A _st =6.3*2(n-1)B _st +2.25(2n-1) (11)

The evacuation area ∑A _person can be obtained according to the area occupied by each person and the number of people to be evacuated. Usually, it is considered that the area occupied by each person is 0.25 m ² . Of course, in the case where the evacuated person is a child or an obstacle person, the area occupied by each person can be appropriately adjusted.

The evacuation of the staff ∑A _person can be obtained by the following formula:

∑A _person =0.25P (12)

Substituting the number of people to be evacuated in the public notice (8) into the public notice (12), that is,

The specific relationship between the area of evacuation personnel and the density of personnel in the building and the building area is publicized:

∑A _person =0.25P=0.25∑ρA _area (13)

The effective flow coefficient can be determined in the following way:

When the evacuation stair width B _{st is} less than 60 cm, the effective flow coefficient N _eff =0 is considered;

When stA _st <∑A _person , N _eff =80;

When ∑A _st <∑A _person , the effective flow coefficient is as follows:

As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the input parameters can be reduced, and the calculation can be simplified. Therefore, it can be applied to emergency practice with many uncertain parameters and fast requirements.

In step S3, among the networks in which each building in the community is abstracted into a network node, the node _{Nm having the} longest evacuation time in the building is searched. That is, look for the building with the longest evacuation time in the building. In step S4, according to evacuate evacuation time T _m N _m longest node, determine the total time for the entire community evacuation T.

Specifically, the total evacuation time T of the entire community can be determined directly by the evacuation time of the longest node, as shown in the following equation:

T=max(T ₁ , T ₂ ......T _M ) (15)

In summary, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a human evacuation simulation method that can be applied to a community scope is constructed. The personnel evacuation simulation method provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the technical effects of less input parameters, fast calculation speed, and can be applied to actual emergency decision making.

Second embodiment

The application also proposes a staff evacuation assistant decision-making method based on the community-based evacuation simulation method.

Specifically, the decision-making is made based on the evacuation time of the entire community obtained by the personnel evacuation simulation method. The auxiliary decision-making refers to providing decision-making basis for decision-makers such as relevant management departments, which are in the emergency management of emergencies, and need various decisions for evacuation results, which may involve before an event (disaster or accident). It can also be involved in an event. For example, it can be used to design roads and buildings within the community before the event, and can be used to develop traffic control plans in the event.

The evacuation assisted decision-making method according to the present invention can provide technical support for emergency commander's emergency decision-making in a disaster or accident environment that requires evacuation of the community. In addition, through the characteristics of less input parameters and faster calculation speed, the assistant decision-making is practical and timely.

Third embodiment

The invention can also be implemented by a human evacuation simulation device. Figure 4 shows a human evacuation simulation device 10 in a third embodiment in accordance with the present invention. The personnel evacuation simulation device 10 includes a network module 101, an in-building evacuation module 102, a search module 103, and a community evacuation time module 104.

Specifically, the networking module 101 is used to abstract each building in a community composed of a plurality of buildings into network nodes, and perform evacuation simulation in parallel on a plurality of nodes in the community; the in-building evacuation module 102 is used to connect each node The internal evacuation process is decomposed into an evacuation reaction process, a walking process, a concatenation of the congestion process, and an evacuation time within the computing node, wherein the evacuation module in the building is one or more; the search module 103 is used for all network nodes in the community. Evacuation within the search node The first node with the longest time; the community evacuation time module 104 is configured to determine the total evacuation time of the entire community according to the evacuation time of the first node, and output the evacuation time.

Further, the in-building evacuation module 102 may further include: an evacuation reaction unit 1021, a walking unit 1022, and a congestion unit 1023. The evacuation reaction unit 1021, the walking unit 1022, and the congestion unit 1023 are connected in series, and the evacuation reaction time outputted by the evacuation reaction unit 1021 element, the walking time output by the walking unit 1022, and the congestion time output by the congestion unit 1023 are used to obtain evacuation in the node. Time, the total evacuation time within the building. The total evacuation time in the building may be calculated according to the simple summation of the evacuation reaction time, the walking time and the congestion time, or may be the weighted addition of the above three times and other operations that satisfy the series relationship and conform to the engineering reality. .

Specifically, the evacuation reaction unit 1021 can be used to obtain an evacuation reaction time according to the use of the building, the floor area, and the number of layers. In the evacuation reaction process controlled by the evacuation reaction unit 1021, the evacuation reaction time of the first type of building is greater than the evacuation reaction time of the second type of building.

The walking unit 1022 is configured to obtain walking time according to the use of the building, the building area, the number of floors, and the walking speed. Specifically, the walking unit 1022 obtains the sum of the walking distances required for the personnel in the building to reach the exit according to the building area and the number of floors, and obtains the walking speed according to the use of the building, wherein the walking speed is related to the use of the building, and then according to the walking distance. The sum and walking speed, get walking time. The congestion unit 1023 is configured to couple a plurality of stairs for evacuation into an evacuation staircase width according to a building area and a number of floors, or a building area, a number of floors, and an evacuation number, and obtain a congestion time according to the width of the evacuation stairs. Specifically, the congestion unit 1023 can obtain the sum of the floor area of the stairwell according to the width and the number of layers of the evacuation stairs, and obtain the effective flow coefficient according to the relationship between the sum of the floor area of the stairwell and the floor space of the evacuation personnel, and according to the effective The flow coefficient, the number of people to be evacuated, the width of the ground exit stairs, and the congestion time.

The personnel evacuation simulation device proposed by the present invention may further include: the parameter input module 105 is configured to input only the building use, the building area, the number of floors, the number of people to be evacuated, or only input the building use, the building area, and the number of floors.

The personnel evacuation simulation device provided by the present invention may further include: a storage module 106 for storing The walking speed and the personnel density related to the building use are stored. When the parameter input module 105 does not input the number of people to be evacuated, the congestion unit 1023 obtains the number of people to be evacuated by the personnel density and the building area, wherein the first class building has a greater density than the first The density of personnel in the second type of building.

In the third embodiment of the present invention, the concepts of terms such as building area, evacuation reaction time, first type of building, second type of building, walking time, congestion time, number of people to be evacuated, and the like are the same as those of the first embodiment, and thus are no longer repeat.

In summary, according to the third embodiment of the present invention, a human evacuation simulation device that can be applied to a community is constructed. The personnel evacuation simulation device of the invention has the technical effects of less input parameters, fast calculation speed, and can be applied to actual emergency decision making.

In addition, the output of the personnel evacuation simulation device according to the third embodiment of the present invention can be used for emergency decision making, for example, preparation of an emergency plan, development of an emergency drill plan, and community-wide building performance evaluation. Practical applications.

Fourth embodiment

The invention can also be implemented in the form of a personnel evacuation assisted decision system. Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing the structure of a personnel evacuation assist decision system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the personnel evacuation assistance decision system 30 includes a personnel evacuation simulation device 10 and an auxiliary decision device 20. The auxiliary decision making device 20 is configured to perform auxiliary decision according to the total evacuation time of the entire community output by the personnel evacuation simulation device 10. Among them, the concept of assisted decision making and the like is the same as that of the second embodiment.

The personnel evacuation assisted decision-making system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention can provide technical support for emergency commander's emergency decision-making in a disaster or accident environment in which community evacuation is required. Through the characteristics of less input parameters and faster calculation speed, the assistant decision-making is practical and timely.

Fifth embodiment

The present invention can also be implemented by means of an emergency platform including the evacuation assistance decision system of the fourth embodiment. It can be understood that the system included in the emergency platform proposed in the present invention is not limited to include the personnel evacuation assisted decision making system 30, and may also include one or more of the following systems: emergency plan development system 50, emergency drill system 60, and rescue Power dispatching system 70. 6 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention including a personnel evacuation assistance decision system 30, an emergency plan development system 50, an emergency drill system 60, and a rescue force dispatch system 70. An example.

The emergency platform is a platform that integrates software and hardware related to emergency management. The software and hardware integrated on the platform may have input and output of parameters. The above-described examples only list some of the systems that may have an input/output relationship with the personnel evacuation simulation device according to the third embodiment of the present invention and the auxiliary decision system according to the fourth embodiment. A person skilled in the art may also know that the emergency platform may further include: a wireless communication system, a wired communication system, a video conference system, and the like, and the personnel evacuation simulation device according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and the assistance related to the fourth embodiment. The decision system does not have a system of input and output relationships.

According to the emergency platform according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary decision system capable of realizing community-wide evacuation assisted decision-making is integrated into the emergency platform, except that it has the same effects as the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment. In addition, it can be combined with other systems or modules, applied to the development of emergency management emergency plans, the development of emergency drill plans and so on. Ability to apply community-wide evacuation simulation results to a comprehensive emergency management business.

Embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware, or in a software module running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, as shown in FIG. 7, a block diagram of an internal component of a processing device, which may be a workstation, for example, the processing device includes a bus 409, and the components on the bus are connected as follows: The processing device includes a processor 405, which is a very large scale integrated circuit, which is the computing core and control core of a computer. Its function is mainly to explain computer instructions and to process data in computer software. Processor 405 primarily includes an arithmetic unit and cache 406 and a bus that implements the data, control, and status of the connections between them.

The processing device further includes a memory, and the memory in the computer can be divided into a main memory (memory) according to the use, for example, a ROM (Read Only Memory image) 403, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 404, and an auxiliary device. Memory (external memory) 402. The memory has a memory space for program code for performing any of the method steps described above. For example, the storage space for the program code may include various program codes for implementing the various steps in the above methods, respectively. The program code can be read from one or more computer program products or written to one or more computer program products. These computer program products include storage such as a hard disk, a compact disc (CD), a memory card, or a floppy disk. medium. Such computer program products are typically portable or fixed storage units. The storage unit may have a storage section, a storage space, and the like arranged similarly to the memory in the terminal described above. The program code can be compressed, for example, in an appropriate form. Generally, a storage unit includes computer readable code, ie, code that can be read by a processor, such as, when run by a search engine program on a server, causing the server to perform various steps in the methods described above.

Further, the processing device includes at least one input device 401 for interaction between the user and the processing device, and the input device 401 can be a keyboard, a mouse, an image capturing component, a gravity sensor, a sound receiving component, a touch screen, etc.; Including at least one output device 408, the output device 408 can be a speaker, a buzzer, a flash, an image projection unit, a vibration output component, a screen or a touch screen, etc.; the processing device can also include a communication interface for data communication in a wired or wireless manner. 407.

The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of the elements or steps that are not recited in the claims. The word "a" or "an" In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means can be embodied by the same hardware item. The use of the words first, second, and third does not indicate any order. These words can be interpreted as names.

It is to be noted that the above-described embodiments are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting of the invention, and that alternative embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

A personnel evacuation simulation method,

The personnel evacuation simulation method performs human evacuation simulation on a community composed of a plurality of buildings, including:

The networking step abstracts each building in the community into a network node, and performs evacuation simulation in parallel on multiple nodes in the community;

The evacuation step in the node decomposes the evacuation process in each node into an evacuation reaction process, a walking process, a concatenation process of the congestion process, and an evacuation time in the calculation node;

a search step of searching for the first node with the longest evacuation time within the node among all network nodes in the community;

The community evacuation time determining step determines the total evacuation time of the entire community according to the evacuation time of the first node.
The human evacuation simulation method according to claim 1, further comprising:

Enter the steps to enter only the building use, building area, number of floors, number of people to be evacuated, or just enter the building use, building area, and number of floors.
The human evacuation simulation method according to claim 2, wherein

During the evacuation reaction, an evacuation reaction time is obtained according to the building use, the building area, and the number of layers;

During the walking process, walking time is obtained according to the building use, the building area, the number of floors, and the walking speed;

During the congestion process, a plurality of stairs for evacuation in the building are coupled into an evacuation staircase width, and a congestion time is obtained according to the width of the evacuation stairs;

Obtaining an evacuation time in the node according to the evacuation reaction time, the walking time, and the congestion time;

Wherein the walking speed is related to the use of the building.
The human evacuation simulation method according to claim 3, wherein

In the congestion process, according to the width of the evacuation stairs and the number of layers, the sum of the floor area of the stairwell is obtained, and the effective flow is obtained according to the relationship between the sum of the floor area of the stairwell and the floor space of the evacuation personnel. Coefficient, and according to the effective flow coefficient, the person to be evacuated Number, ground exit stairs width, get the congestion time.
An auxiliary decision making method for assisting decision making according to the evacuation time of the entire community obtained by the human evacuation simulation method according to any one of claims 1-4.
A personnel evacuation simulation device includes:

a network module for abstracting each building in a community composed of a plurality of buildings into network nodes, and performing evacuation simulation in parallel on a plurality of nodes in the community;

The evacuation module in the building is used to decompose the evacuation process in each node into an evacuation reaction process, a walking process, a concatenation process of the congestion process, and an evacuation time in the calculation node;

a search module for searching for the first node with the longest evacuation time within the node among all network nodes in the community;

a community evacuation time module, configured to determine a total evacuation time of the entire community according to the evacuation time of the first node, and output the evacuation time;

Wherein, the evacuation module in the building is one or more.
The personnel evacuation simulation apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:

Parameter input module for inputting only the building use, building area, number of floors, number of people to be evacuated, or input only for building use, building area, and number of floors.
The personnel evacuation simulation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein

The evacuation module in the building includes:

An evacuation reaction unit for obtaining an evacuation reaction time according to the building use, the building area, and the number of layers;

a walking unit, configured to obtain walking time according to the building use, the building area, the number of layers, and walking speed;

a congestion unit, configured to couple a plurality of stairs for evacuation into an evacuation staircase width according to the building area and the number of floors, or the building area, the number of floors, the number of evacuations, Obtaining the congestion time according to the width of the evacuation stairs;

The evacuation reaction unit, the walking unit, and the congestion unit are connected in series, and obtaining an evacuation time in the node according to the evacuation reaction time, the walking time, and the congestion time;

Wherein the walking speed is related to the use of the building.
An auxiliary decision making system comprising:

A human evacuation simulation apparatus according to any one of claims 6-8;

Auxiliary decision making device,

The auxiliary decision making device is configured to perform an auxiliary decision according to a total evacuation time of the entire community output by the personnel evacuation simulation device.
An emergency platform, including:

The auxiliary decision system of claim 9.