CN106709100A - Personnel evacuation simulation method and device, aid decision making method and system and emergency platform - Google Patents
Personnel evacuation simulation method and device, aid decision making method and system and emergency platform Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a personnel evacuation simulation method and device, an aid decision making method and system and an emergency platform. According to the personnel evacuation simulation method, personnel evacuation simulation is performed with a community composed of multiple buildings being a unit. The personnel evacuation simulation method comprises the steps that each building in the community is abstracted into a network node, and evacuation simulation is performed on multiple nodes in the community in parallel; an evacuation process in each node is disintegrated into an evacuation reaction process, a walk process and a congestion process in series, and evacuation time in each node is calculated; a first node with the longest evacuation time is searched for among all the network nodes in the community; and total evacuation time of the whole community is determined according to the evacuation time of the first node. According to the personnel evacuation simulation method and device, personnel evacuation with the community being the unit can be realized, few parameters need to be input, calculation speed is high, and the personnel evacuation simulation method and device can be applied to practical emergency decision making.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to evacuating personnel technical field, more particularly to a kind of evacuating personnel emulation mode and dress
Put, aid decision-making method and system and include the emergent platform of the aid decision-making system.
Background technology
At present, in city, the occurred events of public safety of fire, earthquake, threat of terrorism etc. takes place frequently,
In the case of this occurred events of public safety of generation, how safely to be evacuated large-scale crowd,
How highdensity crowd is shifted as key issue.
In city emergency administrative department is used for the emergent platform for carrying out Emergency decision or emergency command, lead to
Often need comprising the evacuating personnel simulator emulated to evacuating personnel process, dredged according to the personnel
The simulation result of simulator is dissipated, evacuating personnel scheme is formulated, is dispatched rescue strength, carries out traffic pipe
System etc., so as to reduce casualties and property loss as far as possible.
In the past, evacuating personnel simulator was broadly divided into two kinds according to object.One kind is such as non-patent text
1,2 are offered like that using the crowd in single building as the evacuating personnel simulator of object, this dress
Put and typically developed based on personnel's psychological research under blocked state, developed just like
BuildingExodus, Simulex, Egress etc.；Another kind is as described in Patent Document 3 with city
Road is the evacuating personnel emulation dress of the evacuation behavior of simulating pedestrian and vehicle in urban road
Put.
Non-patent literature 1：《Building Fireproof refuge security performance verification technique handbook》- Japanese three step
Rapid evacuation time empirical equation.
Non-patent literature 2：Yuan Liming, Safety Evacuation Time is pre- in the clear building fires of model dimension
Survey.Natural calamity journal 1997,6 (2)：28-33
Patent document 3：CN101958044A.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of community by multiple building compositions and the people of evacuating personnel emulation is carried out for unit
Member evacuation emulation method and device, the aid decision-making method based on the evacuating personnel emulation mode, include
The aid decision-making system of the evacuating personnel simulator and meeting an urgent need including the aid decision-making system are put down
Platform.
The evacuating personnel emulation mode of first method provided by the present invention by multiple building compositions community
For unit carries out evacuating personnel emulation, including：
Networking step, is abstracted into a network node, in community by each building in community
Multiple nodes perform evacuation emulation in parallel；Step is evacuated in node, by the evacuation process in each node
Evacuation course of reaction, gait processes, the series connection of congestion process are decomposed into, during evacuation in calculate node
Between；Search step, among the all-network node in community, the evacuation time in search node is most
First node long；And community's evacuation time determines step, during evacuation according to the first node
Between, it is determined that total evacuation time of whole community.
Present invention also offers second method, the second method is the evacuating personnel as described in first method
Emulation mode, wherein, also include：Input step, is only input into building occupancy, construction area, layer
Count, treat number of evacuation or only input building occupancy, construction area, the number of plies.
Present invention also offers Third Way, the Third Way is the evacuating personnel as described in second method
Emulation mode, wherein, in the evacuation course of reaction, according to the building occupancy, the building
Area, the number of plies, obtain and evacuate the reaction time；In the gait processes, according to the building
Purposes, the construction area, the number of plies, walking speed, obtain the walking time；In the congestion
During, the stair that the multiple in building is used to evacuate are coupled into escape stair width, dredged according to this
Stairway width is dissipated, the congestion time is obtained；According to the evacuation reaction time, the walking time, institute
The congestion time is stated, the evacuation time in node is obtained；Wherein, the walking speed is for building with described
Way is related.
Present invention also offers fourth way, the fourth way is the evacuating personnel as described in Third Way
Emulation mode, wherein, in the gait processes, according to the construction area and the number of plies, obtain
Personnel in must building reach the summation of the walking distance needed for exporting, and according to the building occupancy,
The walking speed is obtained, further according to summation and the walking speed of the walking distance, institute is obtained
State the walking time.
Present invention also offers the 5th mode, the 5th mode is as described in Third Way or fourth way
Evacuating personnel emulation mode, wherein, during the congestion, according to the escape stair width
With the number of plies, staircase floor area summation is obtained, and according to the staircase floor area summation
Magnitude relationship between evacuation personnel's floor space, obtains effective flowing coefficient, and have according to described
Imitate flow coefficient, treat number of evacuation, floor outlet stairway width, obtain the congestion time.
Present invention also offers the 6th mode, the 6th mode is as described in fourth way or the 5th mode
Evacuating personnel emulation mode, wherein, the building occupancy include the first kind building and Equations of The Second Kind build
Build, wherein, the first kind building is the building that personnel cannot start to evacuate in Preset Time, institute
It is the building that personnel can start to evacuate in the Preset Time to state Equations of The Second Kind building；In the evacuation
In course of reaction, the reaction time of evacuating of the first kind building is more than the evacuation that the Equations of The Second Kind is built
Reaction time；In the gait processes, the walking speed of the first kind building is less than described second
The walking speed of class building.
Present invention also offers the 7th mode, the 7th mode is the evacuating personnel as described in the 6th mode
Emulation mode, wherein, first kind building include it is following at least one：House, hotel, play
Institute, stadium.
Present invention also offers eighth mode, the eighth mode is the evacuating personnel as described in the 5th mode
Emulation mode, wherein, when there is no input whne number of evacuation in the input step, gathered around described
Obtained by density of personnel and construction area during stifled and treat number of evacuation, wherein, the first kind
Density of personnel of the density of personnel of building more than Equations of The Second Kind building.
The aid decision-making method of the 9th aspect of the present invention, according to as in first method to eighth mode
The evacuation time of the whole community that evacuating personnel emulation mode described in either type is obtained, is aided in
Decision-making.
Evacuating personnel simulator is provided according to the tenth mode of the invention, including：
Networking module, for network will to be abstracted into by each building in the community of multiple building compositions
Multiple nodes in community are performed evacuation emulation by node in parallel；Module is evacuated in building, is used for
It is the string for evacuating course of reaction, gait processes, congestion process by the evacuation procedure decomposition in each node
Connection, the evacuation time in calculate node；Search module, for the all-network node in community it
Evacuation time in middle search node first node most long；And community's evacuation time module, it is used for
According to the evacuation time of the first node, it is determined that total evacuation time of whole community, and export described
Evacuation time；Wherein, it is one or more that module is evacuated in the building.
Present invention also offers the 11st mode, the 11st mode is the personnel as described in the tenth mode
Detrainment device, wherein, also include：Parameter input module, for being only input into building occupancy, building sides
Product, the number of plies, treat number of evacuation or only input building occupancy, construction area, the number of plies.
Present invention also offers the 12nd mode, the 12nd mode is the people as described in the 11st mode
Member's detrainment device, wherein, module is evacuated in the building to be included：Reaction member is evacuated, for basis
The building occupancy, the construction area, the number of plies, obtain and evacuate the reaction time；Walking list
Unit, for according to the building occupancy, the construction area, the number of plies, walking speed, obtaining
Walking time；Congestion unit, for according to the construction area and the number of plies or the building
Area, the number of plies, the number of evacuation, and the stair coupling that the multiple in building is used to evacuate
Synthesis escape stair width, according to the escape stair width, obtains the congestion time；It is described to evacuate reaction
Unit, the walking unit, the congestion unit are connected in series, according to it is described evacuation the reaction time,
The walking time, the congestion time, obtain the evacuation time in node；Wherein, the walking
Speed is related to the building occupancy.
Present invention also offers the 13rd mode, the 13rd mode is the people as described in the 12nd mode
Member's detrainment device, wherein, the walking unit is built according to the construction area and the number of plies
The personnel for building reach the summation of the walking distance needed for exporting, and according to the building occupancy, obtain
The walking speed, further according to summation and the walking speed of the walking distance, obtains the step
The row time.
Present invention also offers the 14th mode, the 14th mode is such as the 12nd mode or the 13rd
Evacuating personnel device described in mode, wherein, the congestion unit according to the escape stair width and
The number of plies, obtain staircase floor area summation, and according to the staircase floor area summation with
Magnitude relationship between evacuation personnel's floor space, obtains effective flowing coefficient, and according to described effective
Flow coefficient, number of evacuation, floor outlet stairway width are treated, obtain the congestion time.
Present invention also offers the 15th mode, the 15th mode is such as the 13rd mode or the 14th
Evacuating personnel device described in mode, wherein, the building occupancy includes that the first kind is built and Equations of The Second Kind
Building, wherein, the first kind building is the building that personnel cannot be evacuated in Preset Time,
The Equations of The Second Kind building is the building that personnel can be evacuated in the Preset Time；Dredged described
Dissipate in reaction member, the reaction time of evacuating of the first kind building is more than dredging for Equations of The Second Kind building
Dissipate the reaction time；In the walking unit, the walking speed of first kind building is less than described the
The walking speed of secondary-class structure.
Present invention also offers the 16th mode, the 16th mode is the people as described in the 15th mode
Member's detrainment device, wherein, first kind building include it is following at least one：House, hotel, play
Institute, stadium.
Present invention also offers the 17th mode, the 17th mode is the people as described in the 16th mode
Member's detrainment device, wherein, also including memory module, for storing the institute related to the building occupancy
Walking speed and density of personnel are stated, when the parameter input module is not input into whne number of evacuation,
The congestion unit is obtained by the density of personnel and the construction area treats number of evacuation, its
In, the density of personnel of the density of personnel more than Equations of The Second Kind building of the first kind building.
The aid decision-making system of the 18th aspect of the present invention, including：Such as the 11st mode to the 17th
Evacuating personnel simulator described in either type in mode and aid decision device, wherein, it is described auxiliary
Decision making device is helped, total evacuation of the whole community for being exported according to the evacuating personnel simulator
Time, carry out aid decision.
The emergent platform of the 19th aspect of the present invention, including：Auxiliary as described in the tenth all directions formula is determined
Plan system.
Present invention also offers the 20th mode, the 20th mode is answering as described in the 19th mode
Anxious platform, wherein, the emergent platform also includes at least one of following system：Emergency preplan system
Determine system, emergency drilling system, rescue strength scheduling system.
Evacuating personnel emulation mode of the invention and device, can realize the people in units of community
Member evacuates.In addition, evacuating personnel emulation mode of the invention and device are, it is necessary to the parameter of input
It is few, it is not necessary to substantial amounts of data, can be suitable for engineering practice.In addition, people of the invention
Member's evacuation emulation method and device, calculating speed are fast, can be applied in actual Emergency decision.
In addition, aid decision-making method of the invention and system, are needing to enter pedestrian to community scope
Under the disaster or accident environment of member's evacuation, technology branch can be provided for the Emergency decision of emergency command personnel
Hold.In addition, aid decision-making method of the invention and system pass through |input paramete is few, calculating speed is fast etc.
Feature so that aid decision has practicality and promptness.
In addition, emergent platform of the invention, by the evacuating personnel for being possible to realize community scope
The aid decision-making system of aid decision is integrated on emergent platform, can be entered with other systems or module
Row coordinates.In addition it is possible to the evacuating personnel simulation result of community scope is applied into comprehensive meeting an urgent need
In management business.
Brief description of the drawings
The features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood from by reference to accompanying drawing, accompanying drawing is schematic
And should not be construed as carrying out the present invention any limitation, in the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the flow for showing the evacuating personnel emulation mode involved by first embodiment of the invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 is to show that community is illustrated for the simplifying for evacuation time parallel relationship of multiple buildings of unit
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the rough schematic view of the series relationship for showing to build interior evacuating personnel process；
Fig. 4 is the structure for showing the evacuating personnel simulator involved by third embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is to show the evacuating personnel aid decision-making system involved by the 4th implementation method of the invention
Structural representation；
Fig. 6 is a knot for example for showing the emergent platform involved by the 5th implementation method of the invention
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the block diagram of the intraware of processing unit.
Specific embodiment
The present inventor has found that existing evacuating personnel simulator is difficult by letter by research
Single transformation is just applied in the other personnel's evacuation emulation of community-level.
First, currently without the evacuating personnel simulator for studying multiple buildings simultaneously, will be built with single
Build for the evacuating personnel simulator of object be applied in the community scope by multiple building compositions when, dredge
The scattered time be not the evacuation time of each building simple plus and, but there are some superpositions.
Secondly, the evacuating personnel simulator with single building as object generally needs to be input into substantial amounts of building
Build parameter including parlor exit width, minimum exit width, maximum walking distance, be effectively detained area
Deng.Although being possible to obtain detailed data of certain building by field survey for scientific research,
But, in a practical situation, it is difficult to obtain the detailed data of all buildings, so that such device reality
It is relatively low with property.In addition, in the case that the multiple buildings in community are as object, it is necessary to data volume
Bigger, even if being obtained in that the detailed data of each building, amount of calculation is also very big, calculating speed compared with
Slowly, it is difficult to meet the requirement of high-speed decision in sudden incidents report.
So as to the present invention proposes the evacuating personnel that a kind of community of multiple building compositions is unit and emulates
Method and apparatus and the aid decision-making method based on such evacuating personnel emulation mode and device and
Device.
Embodiments of the present invention are described below in detail and cover many details, to provide to this
The comprehensive understanding of invention.It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that of the invention
Can implement in the case of some details in not needing these details.Below to embodiment
Description is used for the purpose of being provided by showing example of the invention to clearer understanding of the invention.This
Invention is not limited to any concrete configuration and algorithm set forth below, but of the invention not departing from
Any modification, replacement and the improvement of coherent element, part and algorithm are covered on the premise of spirit.
First embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, the evacuation emulation method in first embodiment of the invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 shows the evacuating personnel emulation mode involved by first embodiment of the invention.Personnel
Evacuation emulation method carries out evacuating personnel emulation in units of the community by multiple building compositions, including：
Step S1：Networking step, a network node is abstracted into by each building in community, right
Multiple nodes in community perform evacuation emulation in parallel.
Step S2：Step is evacuated in node, by the evacuation procedure decomposition in each node for evacuation was reacted
Journey, gait processes, the series connection of congestion process, the evacuation time in calculate node.
Step S3：Search step, among the all-network node in community, dredging in search node
First node most long of scattered time.
Step S4：Community's evacuation time determines step, according to the evacuation time of first node, determines whole
Total evacuation time of individual community.
Evacuating personnel emulation mode proposed by the present invention, also including step S5：Input step, is only input into
Building occupancy, construction area, the number of plies, treat number of evacuation or only input building occupancy, building sides
Product, the number of plies.Wherein, construction area refers to all areas for needing to be evacuated in each building.The number of plies
It refer to the number of floor levels of each building.Treat that number of evacuation refers to the personnel amount for being waited in each building and being evacuated.
In the present invention, according to actual requirement of engineering, the number of |input paramete is effectively reduced, with simple
Property and practicality.
Wherein, building occupancy includes first kind building and Equations of The Second Kind building, and first kind building is personnel
The building evacuated cannot be started in Preset Time, Equations of The Second Kind building is that personnel can be in Preset Time
Start the building evacuated.In course of reaction is evacuated, the evacuation reaction time of first kind building is more than the
The evacuation reaction time of secondary-class structure.
To those skilled in the art, first kind building can be understood as including following building：Firmly
Residence, hotel, theater, stadium, restaurant.Due to characteristics such as building occupancies, in these buildings
Personnel cannot start to evacuate at once after being connected to after alarm or finding disaster, it is necessary to reaction time
It is long.For example, in the case of house, personnel are likely to be in sleep at once, it is impossible to start to evacuate,
, it is necessary to be notified on a large scale when restaurant, so as to evacuation etc. cannot be started at once.First
Class building is not limited only to above-mentioned five kinds of buildings, cannot start to evacuate at once due to characteristics such as building occupancies
Building belong to the first kind building.
Below, with specific embodiment as example, above-mentioned step S1~S4 is carried out specifically
It is bright.However, the present invention is not limited to such embodiment.
<By each buildings network in community>
In step sl, when there is building 1 in community, 2 are built ..., this n building of building n
When, the process that the personnel in this n building are evacuated in the building at place is substantially independently to enter
Capable.It is thus possible to make the evacuation emulation between n building enter in parallel as shown in Figure 2
OK.That is, from the point of view of whole community scope, each building is a node, will build 1,
Building 2 ..., n is used as n node N for building1, N2..., NnSo that n node it
Between to be connected in parallel.
Certainly, each building be may not be between interior parallel connection is evacuated completely self-contained, there is certain correlation
Property.For example, in each building personnel receive alarm etc. and start the parameters such as time for evacuating may phase
Close, can be consistent, it is also possible to there is specific time difference.Above-mentioned evacuation in parallel, also can
Enough simulate such case.
<Evacuating personnel process in building>
As shown in figure 3, step S2 includes：Course of reaction, gait processes, congestion process are evacuated,
And these three processes are series connection, i.e., according to reaction time, walking time, congestion time is evacuated, obtain
Obtain the evacuation time in node.
Total evacuation time in building can be according to evacuation reaction time, the walking for evacuating course of reaction
The walking time of journey, the congestion time of congestion process are obtained.Can evacuate reaction time, walking
Time, the simple addition of congestion time.Can also be other satisfaction series connection passes such as their weighting summation
It is and meets the actual computing of engineering.
Specifically, node N1Building in evacuation time T1Can be obtained by equation below：
T1=tstart+ttravel+tqueue
Wherein, tstartTo evacuate reaction time, ttravelIt is the walking time, and tqueueIt is the congestion time.
Similarly, node N can be obtained2..., NnEvacuation time T2..., Tn。
(1) course of reaction is evacuated
Evacuating the reaction time includes：Evacuation information is realized the time and starts to evacuate time of the act.The evacuation
The information time of realizing can be personnel be used to voluntarily realizing time that disaster or accident occur, or
Time for receiving external alarm of taking refuge etc..It can be that personnel realize that this starts to evacuate time of the act
Start the reaction time untill evacuation behavior after evacuation information.
In course of reaction is evacuated, according to building occupancy, construction area, the number of plies, obtain and evacuate reaction
Time.
Calculate the specific example for evacuating the reaction time：
In the present invention, it is different according to building occupancy, evacuation is calculated using different empirical equations anti-
Between seasonable.
The first kind is built, i.e. the building of the purposes such as house, hotel, theater, stadium, evacuates reaction
Time is：
Wherein, AareaIt is construction area, unit m2；N is the number of plies of building.
Equations of The Second Kind build, evacuate the reaction time be：
Wherein, AareaIt is construction area, unit m2；N is the number of plies of building.
In the present invention, judge that it is dredged respectively by the way that building is divided into first kind building and Equations of The Second Kind building
The reaction time is dissipated, is capable of the evacuation time of the true different types of building of simulation.
(2) gait processes
The gait processes refer to the process of building in evacuating personnel to build exit.Walking time
It refer to the time required for all personnel in each building is dispersed into building exit.
In gait processes, according to building occupancy, construction area, the number of plies, walking speed, walked
The row time.
It should be further stated that, in gait processes, can be obtained according to construction area and the number of plies
Personnel in must building reach the summation of the walking distance needed for building is exported, and according to building occupancy,
Walking speed is obtained, further according to the summation and walking speed of walking distance, the walking time is obtained.Its
In, walking speed is related to building occupancy, and in gait processes, the walking speed of first kind building
Less than the walking speed that Equations of The Second Kind is built.
Calculate the specific example of walking time：
Walking time can according to personnel in the building to building outlet required for walking distance summation with
The ratio of walking speed is obtained.
Specifically, the groups of building unknown for the specific data of the individual layer in building, can take down
The simplified of three parts is stated to calculate to calculate ultimate range and sum.In general, personnel in building
The speed of evacuation is certain, and Travel distance is directly proportional to evacuation time.Wherein, Travel distance includes three
Point.
Uppermost storey personnel reach highest stairexit A1Apart from l1, such as following formula：
Wherein, AareaIt is construction area, unit m2；N is the number of plies of building.
A is exported from uppermost storey1To ground floor stairexit A2Apart from l2, such as following formula：
l2=8 (n-1) (4)
From ground floor stairexit A2Reach building evacuation mouthful A3Apart from l3, such as following formula：
In sum, during evacuation, to building data be not very in detail in the case of, pass through
Construction area just can rapidly calculate corresponding walking distance with the number of plies.It is defeated thereby, it is possible to reduce
The parameter for entering.
Further, walking speed can be different according to building occupancy and purposes feature.Wherein, build
Building purposes can be divided into first kind building and Equations of The Second Kind building.Purposes feature can be building each several part space
Affiliated classification, specifically, has distinguished stair and horizontal section etc..Specifically can such as institute of table 1
Show：
Table 1- walking speeds
In the present invention, built and Equations of The Second Kind building difference by the way that building is divided into the first kind according to purposes
Judge its walking speed, be capable of the evacuation time of the true different types of building of simulation.
The walking distance summation required for personnel to building outlet in building is generally in place from everyone institute
The maximum of the distance that building is exported is put to determine.So as to here, can be according to highest floor
To calculate the walking distance summation required for the personnel in building to building outlet, based on this apart from summation
And above-mentioned walking speed calculates walking time ttravel。
As described above, in the present invention, according to building occupancy and distinguish stair and horizontal section etc. and build
Interior each space generic is built, is calculated respectively during each several part walking using different walking speeds
Between, and it is summed up.Thereby, it is possible to the evacuation scene in truly simulant building, can give
Go out more to meet the evacuation result of truth.Thus, it is possible to carry out more scientific aid decision.
(3) congestion process
Evacuation personnel may produce delay at building exit or certain layer of stairs port.The congestion time
Refer to：In order that personnel are all by building outlet, and it is used to release the time being detained.
During congestion, the stair that the multiple in building is used to evacuate can be coupled into escape stair
Width, according to the escape stair width, obtains the congestion time.
More specifically, during congestion, can be obtained according to escape stair width and the number of plies
Staircase floor area summation, and according to staircase floor area summation with evacuate personnel floor space it
Between magnitude relationship, obtain effective flowing coefficient, and according to effective flowing coefficient, treat number of evacuation,
Floor outlet stairway width, obtains the congestion time.
Calculate the specific example of congestion time：
Congestion time tqueueTreated number of evacuation P, effective flowing coefficient Neff, minimum widith BdDeng
Influence.Wherein, minimum widith BdIt is escape stair width Bst, stair exit width, build out
The minimum value of mouth width etc..
Specifically, congestion time tqueueCan be drawn by following formula：
If the total number of persons for evacuating is waited in can obtaining and treat number of evacuation P, building, should
Treat that number of evacuation P, as input value, is carried out such as the calculating of above formula (7).That is, in input step S5
In, it is input into this and treats number of evacuation.
However, under many circumstances, when there occurs accident, it is impossible to it is determined that number of evacuation is treated,
In this case, when there is no input whne number of evacuation in input step, treat that number of evacuation passes through
P=∑ ρ Aarea (8)
To be calculated.Wherein, AareaIt is construction area, ρ is density of personnel in building.
Now, congestion time tqueueCan be drawn by following formula：
Different according to building occupancy, density of personnel ρ is also different.Built with Equations of The Second Kind for first kind building
The density of personnel ρ for building is as shown in table 2：
Table 2- density of personnel tables
As can be seen from the above table, the density of personnel of first kind building is close more than the personnel of Equations of The Second Kind building
Degree.
The congestion time is also influenceed by stairway width.However, obtaining all of building of each building interior
The width of ladder, workload is big.Even, in actual application, cannot often get.From
And, the width of all of stair in a building can be coupled into one through to the stair on ground
Width, i.e. escape stair width BstTo be calculated, such as following formula：
Wherein, AareaIt is construction area, ρ is density of personnel in building, and n is the number of plies of building, and is dredged
Dissipate the minimum value B of stairway widthst≥1.1m。
The congestion time is also influenceed by effective flowing coefficient.Effective flowing coefficient refers to unit interval list
The number that bit width is passed through.Effective flowing coefficient can be according to staircase floor area summation ∑ AstWith
Evacuation personnel's floor space ∑ ApersonBetween magnitude relationship obtain.
Wherein, staircase floor area ∑ AstIncluding：Platform between the ladder of all stair in building
The step area of area and stair.However, obtaining all of staircase floor of each building interior
Product summation, equally, workload is big, or even, in actual application, cannot often get
's.
So as to the escape stair width B for calculating as described above can be based onstWith the number of plies n of building
To calculate staircase floor area summation ∑ Ast.Specifically, staircase area ∑ AstUnder can passing through
Formula is obtained：
∑Ast=6.3*2 (n-1) Bst+2.25(2n-1) (11)
Evacuation personnel's floor space ∑ ApersonArea that can be according to shared by everyone and treat number of evacuation
To obtain.It is generally thought that everyone occupied area is 0.25m2, certainly, treat that evacuation personnel are child
Or in the case of obstacle person etc., it is also possible to suitably adjust everyone occupied area.
Evacuation personnel's floor space ∑ ApersonCan specifically be obtained by following formula：
∑Aperson=0.25P (12)
To treat that number of evacuation P substitutes into publicity (12) in publicity (8), that is, obtain
Evacuation personnel floor space and the physical relationship publicity for building interior density of personnel and construction area：
∑Aperson=0.25P=0.25 ∑ ρ Aarea (13)
Effective flowing coefficient can specifically be determined as follows：
As escape stair width BstDuring less than 60 centimeters, it is believed that effective flowing coefficient Neff=0；
As ∑ Ast＜ ∑s ApersonWhen, it is believed that Neff=80；
As ∑ Ast＜ ∑s ApersonWhen, effective flowing coefficient such as following formula：
As described above, embodiments in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to reduce the parameter of input, simplify and calculate.
Can be suitable for uncertain parameter more and the quick emergent practice of requirement so as to provide.
<Evacuate the determination of total time in community>
In step s3, among the network that each building in community is abstracted into network node,
Evacuation time node N most long in search buildingm.That is, evacuation time in building is found most long
Building m.In step s 4, according to the node N that evacuation time is most longmEvacuation time Tm, really
Total evacuation time T of fixed whole community.
Specifically, the total evacuation time T of the building of whole community, can directly by the node most long
The evacuating personnel time determine, be shown below：
T=max (T1, T2……TM) (15)
In sum, according to the embodiment of the present invention, constructing can be applied to the people of community scope
Member's evacuation emulation method.Evacuating personnel emulation mode of the invention has that |input paramete is few, calculating speed
Hurry up, the technique effect of actual Emergency decision moderate beneficial can be applied to.
Second embodiment
The present invention is also determined based on community for the evacuating personnel emulation mode of scope proposes evacuating personnel auxiliary
Plan method.
Specifically, the evacuation time of the whole community for being obtained according to evacuating personnel emulation mode, enters
Row aid decision.
Evacuating personnel aid decision-making method of the invention, dredges needing to enter community scope administrative staff
Under scattered disaster or accident environment, technical support can be provided for the Emergency decision of emergency command personnel.
In addition, by |input paramete is few, calculating speed is fast the features such as so that aid decision have practicality and
Promptness.
3rd implementation method
The present invention can also be implemented by evacuating personnel simulator.Fig. 4 is shown according to the present invention
The 3rd implementation method in evacuating personnel simulator 10.Wherein, evacuating personnel simulator 10
Including：Module 102, search module 103 and community are evacuated in networking module 101, building to dredge
Dissipate time module 104.
Specifically, networking module 101 is used for by each building in the community of multiple building compositions
Network node is abstracted into, evacuation emulation is performed in parallel to the multiple nodes in community；Evacuated in building
Module 102 is used for the evacuation procedure decomposition in each node to evacuate course of reaction, gait processes, gathering around
The series connection of stifled process, the evacuation time in calculate node, wherein, evacuated in building module be one or
It is multiple；Evacuation among the all-network node that search module 103 is used in community in search node
Time first node most long；When community evacuation time module 104 is used for the evacuation according to first node
Between, it is determined that total evacuation time of whole community, and export evacuation time.
Further, evacuating module 102 in building can also include：Evacuate reaction member 1021, step
Row unit 1022 and congestion unit 1023.Wherein, reaction member 1021, walking unit are evacuated
1022nd, congestion unit 1023 is connected in series, according to the evacuation reaction for evacuating the single 1021 yuan of output of reaction
Time, the walking time of the output of walking unit 1022, the congestion time of the output of congestion unit 1023,
Obtain the evacuation time in node, i.e. total evacuation time in building.Total evacuation time in the building
The simple addition summation that reaction time, walking time and congestion time can be evacuated according to is transported
Calculate, or the above three time weighting summation etc. other meet series relationship and meet engineering reality
The computing on border.
Specifically, evacuate reaction member 1021 can be used for according to building occupancy, construction area,
The number of plies, obtains and evacuates the reaction time.Wherein, construction area refers to need what is evacuated in each building
All areas, the number of plies refers to the number of floor levels of each building.Evacuating the reaction time can send out including evacuation information
The feel time and start evacuate time of the act.The evacuation information time of realizing can be that personnel are used to voluntarily send out
Feel the time, or the time for receiving external alarm of taking refuge etc. of disaster or accident generation.
It can be that personnel realize and start after evacuation information anti-untill evacuation behavior that this starts to evacuate time of the act
Between seasonable.
In the evacuation course of reaction for evacuating the control of reaction member 1021, the evacuation of first kind building is anti-
More than the evacuation reaction time of Equations of The Second Kind building between seasonable.
In the present invention, judge that its is evacuated respectively by the way that building is divided into first kind building and Equations of The Second Kind building
In the reaction time, it is capable of the evacuation time of the true different types of building of simulation.Wherein, the first kind is built
It is building that personnel cannot be evacuated in Preset Time to build, and Equations of The Second Kind building is that personnel can be pre-
If the building evacuated in the time.
To those skilled in the art, first kind building can be understood as including following building：Firmly
Residence, hotel, theater, stadium, restaurant.Due to characteristics such as building occupancies, in these buildings
Personnel cannot start to evacuate at once after being connected to after alarm or finding disaster, it is necessary to reaction time
It is long.For example, in the case of house, personnel are likely to be in sleep at once, it is impossible to start to evacuate,
, it is necessary to be notified on a large scale when restaurant, so as to evacuation etc. cannot be started at once.First
Class building is not limited only to above-mentioned five kinds of buildings, cannot start to evacuate at once due to characteristics such as building occupancies
Building belong to the first kind building.
Walking unit 1022 is used for according to building occupancy, construction area, the number of plies, walking speed, obtains
Obtain the walking time.Specifically, walking unit 1022 is according to construction area and the number of plies, in being built
Personnel reach outlet needed for walking distance summation, and according to building occupancy, obtain walking speed
Degree, wherein, walking speed is related to building occupancy, further according to summation and the walking speed of walking distance
Degree, obtains the walking time.Wherein, the walking time refers to that all personnel in each building is dispersed into building
Time required for exit, and in walking unit 1022, the walking speed of first kind building is small
In the walking speed of Equations of The Second Kind building.
To those skilled in the art, the first kind is built due to characteristics such as building occupancies, at these
Person walks speed of person walks' speed less than Equations of The Second Kind building in building.
Congestion unit 1023 is used for according to construction area and the number of plies or construction area, the number of plies, dredges
The number of dissipating, and the stair that the multiple in building is used to evacuate are coupled into escape stair width, according to
The escape stair width, obtains the congestion time.Specifically, congestion unit 1023 can be according to thin
Stairway width and the number of plies are dissipated, staircase floor area summation is obtained, and it is total according to staircase floor area
And with evacuate personnel's floor space between magnitude relationship, effective flowing coefficient is obtained, and according to effective
Flow coefficient, number of evacuation, floor outlet stairway width are treated, obtain the congestion time.Wherein, congestion
Time refers in order that personnel are all by building outlet, and are used to release the time being detained.
Evacuating personnel simulator proposed by the present invention, can also include：Parameter input module 105 is used
In only input building occupancy, construction area, the number of plies, treat number of evacuation or be only input into for building
On the way, construction area, the number of plies.Wherein, treat that number of evacuation refers to the personnel's number for being waited in each building and being evacuated
Amount.In the present invention, according to actual requirement of engineering, the number of |input paramete is effectively reduced, is had
There are simplification and practicality.
Evacuating personnel simulator proposed by the present invention, can also include：Memory module 106 is used to deposit
The storage walking speed and density of personnel related to building occupancy, when parameter input module 105 is not defeated
Enter when number of evacuation, congestion unit 1023 is obtained by density of personnel and construction area to be waited to evacuate
Number, wherein, the density of personnel of the density of personnel more than Equations of The Second Kind building of first kind building.
In sum, the 3rd implementation method of the invention, constructing can be applied to community scope
Evacuating personnel simulator.Evacuating personnel simulator of the invention have |input paramete it is few, calculate
Speed is fast, can be applied to the technique effect of actual Emergency decision moderate beneficial.
In addition, the output of evacuating personnel simulator involved by third embodiment of the present invention except
Can be used for outside Emergency decision, can be also used for formulation, emergency drilling meter for example, emergency preplan
In the practical applications such as formulation, the building performance assessment of community scope drawn.
4th implementation method
The present invention can also be implemented by way of evacuating personnel aid decision-making system.Fig. 5 is to show this
The structural representation of the evacuating personnel aid decision-making system involved by the 4th implementation method of invention.As schemed
Shown in 5, evacuating personnel aid decision-making system 30 includes：Evacuating personnel simulator 10 and auxiliary are determined
Plan device 20.Wherein, aid decision device 20 is used to be exported according to evacuating personnel simulator 10
Whole community total evacuation time, carry out aid decision.
Evacuating personnel aid decision-making system involved by 4th implementation method of the invention, is needing
Community scope is carried out under the disaster or accident environment of evacuating personnel, can be answering for emergency command personnel
Anxious decision-making provides technical support.By |input paramete it is few, calculating speed is fast the features such as so that auxiliary determine
Plan has practicality and promptness.
5th implementation method
The present invention can also be by including the evacuating personnel aid decision-making system involved by the 4th implementation method
The mode of emergent platform implement.It is understood that the emergent platform proposed in the present invention is wrapped
The system for including is not limited to include evacuating personnel aid decision-making system 30, in can also including following system
At least one：Emergency preplan formulates system 50, emergency drilling system 60, rescue strength scheduling system
70.Fig. 6 shows that containing evacuating personnel aid decision-making system 30, emergency preplan formulates system
50th, emergency drilling system 60, rescue strength dispatches the 5th implementation method of the invention of system 70
One example.
Emergent platform is the platform for being integrated with the related software and hardware of contingency management, is integrated on platform
Software and hardware between may have the input and output of parameter.Above-mentioned example, only listing may be with
Involved by evacuating personnel simulator, the 4th implementation method involved by third embodiment of the present invention
Aid decision-making system have a part in the system of input/output relation.Those skilled in the art can be with
Know, can also include on emergent platform：Wireless communication system, wired communication system, video conference
System etc. and the evacuating personnel simulator involved by third embodiment of the present invention, the 4th embodiment party
The system that aid decision-making system involved by formula does not have input/output relation.
Emergent platform involved by 5th implementation method of the invention, by being possible to realize community
The aid decision-making system of the evacuating personnel aid decision of scope is integrated on emergent platform, except with
Outside 3rd implementation method and the 4th implementation method identical effect, additionally it is possible to other systems or mould
Block is coordinated, and is applied to formulation, formulation of emergency drilling plan of the emergency preplan of contingency management etc.
In the middle of links.The evacuating personnel simulation result of community scope can be applied to comprehensive meeting an urgent need
In management business.
All parts embodiment of the invention can realize with hardware, or with one or more
The software module run on reason device is realized, or is realized with combinations thereof.Those skilled in the art
It should be appreciated that as shown in fig. 7, being a block diagram for the intraware of processing unit, it can be
Work station, for example, the processing unit includes a bus 409, connects each composition structure such as in bus
It is lower described：The processing unit includes a processor 405, and processor 405 is one piece ultra-large
Integrated circuit, is the arithmetic core and control core of computer.Its function is mainly explanation meter
Calculation machine instructs and processes the data in computer software.Processor 405 mainly includes arithmetic unit and height
The bus of data, control and state that fast buffer storage 406 and realizing is contacted between them.
Processing unit also includes memory, and the memory in computer can be divided into main storage by purposes
(internal memory), for example, ROM (Read Only Memory image, read-only storage) 403,
RAM (Random Access Memory, random access memory) 404 and additional storage are (outward
Deposit) 402.Memory has for performing the program code of any method and step in the above method
Memory space.For example, can include being respectively used to realize above for the memory space of program code
Each program code of various steps in method.These program codes can be from one or more meter
Read in calculation machine program product or be written in this one or more computer program product.These
Computer program product includes the program of such as hard disk, CD (CD), storage card or floppy disk etc
Code carrier.Such computer program product is usually portable or static memory cell.This is deposited
Storage unit can have memory paragraph, the storage sky with the memory similar arrangement in foregoing terminal
Between etc..Program code for example can be compressed in a suitable form.Generally, memory cell includes calculating
Machine readable code, you can with the code read by processor such as etc, these codes are when by servicing
On device during run search engine program, cause the server perform method described above in each
Step.
Further, the processing unit includes that at least one input unit 401 is used for user and is filled with treatment
Interaction between putting, input unit 401 can be keyboard, mouse, image capture element, weight
Force snesor, sound receiving element, touch-screen etc.；Processing unit also includes at least one output device
408, output device 408 can be loudspeaker, buzzer, flash lamp, image projection unit, vibration
Output element, screen or touch-screen etc.；Processing equipment can also include one in a wired or wireless fashion
Enter the communication interface 407 of row data communication.
In specification mentioned herein, numerous specific details are set forth.It is to be appreciated, however, that
Embodiments of the invention can be put into practice in the case of without these details.In some examples
In, known method, structure and technology is not been shown in detail, so as not to obscure the reason to this specification
Solution.
It should be noted that above-described embodiment the present invention will be described is limited rather than to the present invention
Make, and those skilled in the art can design without departing from the scope of the appended claims
Alternative embodiment.In the claims, any reference symbol being located between bracket should not be configured to
Limitations on claims.Word "comprising" do not exclude the presence of element not listed in the claims or
Step.Word "a" or "an" before element does not exclude the presence of unit as multiple
Part.The present invention can be by means of the hardware for including some different elements and by means of properly programmed
Computer is realized.If some in these devices in the unit claim for listing equipment for drying
Individual can be embodied by same hardware branch.Word first, second, and third
Using not indicating that any order.These words can be construed to title.
Furthermore, it should also be noted that the language used in this specification is primarily to readable and teaching
Purpose and select, selected rather than in order to explain or limit subject of the present invention.Cause
This, in the case of without departing from the scope of the appended claims and spirit, for the art
Many modifications and changes will be apparent from for those of ordinary skill.For the scope of the present invention,
The disclosure done to the present invention is illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Sharp claim is limited.
The above embodiments merely illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the skill is familiar with the purpose is to allow
The technical staff in art field will appreciate that present disclosure and implement according to this, can not be limited with this
Protection scope of the present invention.All equivalents or modification according to done by spirit of the invention, all
Should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Although being described in conjunction with the accompanying embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can be
Make various modification and variation in the case of not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, such modification and
Deformation is each fallen within by within the claim limited range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of evacuating personnel emulation mode,
The evacuating personnel emulation mode carries out evacuating personnel in units of the community by multiple building compositions
Emulation, including：
Networking step, is abstracted into a network node, in community by each building in community
Multiple nodes perform evacuation emulation in parallel；
Step is evacuated in node, is evacuation course of reaction, walking by the evacuation procedure decomposition in each node
The series connection of process, congestion process, the evacuation time in calculate node；
Search step, among the all-network node in community, the evacuation time in search node is most
First node long；And
Community's evacuation time determines step, according to the evacuation time of the first node, it is determined that whole society
Total evacuation time in area.
2. evacuating personnel emulation mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein, also include：
Input step, is only input into building occupancy, construction area, the number of plies, treats number of evacuation or only
Input building occupancy, construction area, the number of plies.
3. evacuating personnel emulation mode as claimed in claim 2, wherein,
In the evacuation course of reaction, according to the building occupancy, the construction area, the layer
Number, obtains and evacuates the reaction time；
In the gait processes, according to the building occupancy, the construction area, the number of plies,
Walking speed, obtains the walking time；
During the congestion, the stair that the multiple in building is used to evacuate are coupled into escape stair
Width, according to the escape stair width, obtains the congestion time；
According to the evacuation reaction time, the walking time, the congestion time, obtain in node
Evacuation time；
Wherein, the walking speed is related to the building occupancy.
4. evacuating personnel emulation mode as claimed in claim 3, wherein,
During the congestion, according to the escape stair width and the number of plies, staircase is obtained
Floor area summation, and according between the staircase floor area summation and evacuation personnel's floor space
Magnitude relationship, effective flowing coefficient is obtained, and according to the effective flowing coefficient, people to be evacuated
Number, floor outlet stairway width, obtain the congestion time.
5. a kind of aid decision-making method, according to the evacuating personnel as described in any one of claim 1-4
The evacuation time of the whole community that emulation mode is obtained, carries out aid decision.
6. a kind of evacuating personnel simulator, including：
Networking module, for network will to be abstracted into by each building in the community of multiple building compositions
Multiple nodes in community are performed evacuation emulation by node in parallel；
Building in evacuate module, for by the evacuation procedure decomposition in each node for evacuate course of reaction,
The series connection of gait processes, congestion process, the evacuation time in calculate node；
Search module, for the evacuation time in search node among the all-network node in community
First node most long；And
Community's evacuation time module, for the evacuation time according to the first node, it is determined that whole society
Total evacuation time in area, and export the evacuation time；
Wherein, it is one or more that module is evacuated in the building.
7. evacuating personnel simulator as claimed in claim 6, wherein, also include：
Parameter input module, for being only input into building occupancy, construction area, the number of plies, people to be evacuated
Number or only input building occupancy, construction area, the number of plies.
8. evacuating personnel simulator as claimed in claim 7, wherein,
Module is evacuated in the building to be included：
Reaction member is evacuated, for according to the building occupancy, the construction area, the number of plies,
Obtain and evacuate the reaction time；
Walking unit, for according to the building occupancy, the construction area, the number of plies, walking
Speed, obtains the walking time；
Congestion unit, for according to the construction area and the number of plies or the construction area,
The number of plies, the number of evacuation, and the stair that the multiple in building is used for evacuation are coupled into thin
Stairway width is dissipated, according to the escape stair width, the congestion time is obtained；
The evacuation reaction member, the walking unit, the congestion unit are connected in series, according to institute
Evacuation reaction time, the walking time, the congestion time are stated, when obtaining the evacuation in node
Between；
Wherein, the walking speed is related to the building occupancy.
9. a kind of aid decision-making system, including：
According to any one of the claim 6-8 evacuating personnel simulators；And
Aid decision device,
Wherein, the aid decision device, for what is exported according to the evacuating personnel simulator
Total evacuation time of whole community, carries out aid decision.
10. a kind of emergent platform, including：
Aid decision-making system as claimed in claim 9.
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| CN201510789171.1A CN106709100B (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | Evacuating personnel emulation mode and device, aid decision-making method and system, emergency platform |
| PCT/CN2016/085740 WO2017084326A1 (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2016-06-14 | Human evacuation simulation method and device, decision-making assistance method and system, and emergency platform |
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| CN201510789171.1A CN106709100B (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | Evacuating personnel emulation mode and device, aid decision-making method and system, emergency platform |
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| CN112182723B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2024-04-16 | 上海应用技术大学 | Crowd evacuation bottleneck congestion condition analysis method and system |
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