WO2017080713A1 - Pile à combustible - Google Patents

Pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017080713A1
WO2017080713A1 PCT/EP2016/073269 EP2016073269W WO2017080713A1 WO 2017080713 A1 WO2017080713 A1 WO 2017080713A1 EP 2016073269 W EP2016073269 W EP 2016073269W WO 2017080713 A1 WO2017080713 A1 WO 2017080713A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cathode
air
fuel
thermal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/073269
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Helerson Kemmer
Benedikt Glins
Christian Mielke
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2017080713A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017080713A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • Fuel cell The present invention relates to a fuel cell, in particular a
  • Polymer electrolyte fuel cell for use in a motor vehicle according to claim 1, and a method for operating a fuel cell, in particular a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, according to claim 6.
  • Fuel cells are known as electrical energy sources. Compared with internal combustion engines in particular, electrical energy sources have the advantage that they normally do not produce any, in particular harmful exhaust gases during operation. During operation of the fuel cells gaseous hydrogen can escape. In fuel cell systems that are operated with hydrogen (polymer electrolyte or PEM fuel cell), this can be caused for example by a leak in one of the components of the
  • the hydrogen-tightness of the fuel cells is particularly relevant to the safety and life of the fuel cells.
  • the hydrogen can be diluted by natural convection and / or ventilation. If the hydrogen concentration in the vicinity of the fuel cell exceeds a critical value, it may lead to the formation of an explosive gas mixture. In this case you have to
  • US 2006/0083963 A1 shows a fuel cell in which the anode and cathode are purged with an inert gas during the switch-off process in order to prevent the possibility of a gas explosion or to ignite it
  • the task is therefore to provide a fuel cell that can be operated more safely and safely.
  • the present invention provides a fuel cell, in particular a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, with the features of claim 1 and a method for operating a fuel cell, in particular a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, with the features of claim 6.
  • This can be an improved fuel cell, in particular a polymer electrolyte - Fuel cell, and a safe and reliable method for operating a fuel cell, in particular a polymer electrolyte fuel cell can be achieved.
  • it can be ensured, in particular, that the fuel concentration is reduced when starting the fuel cell and, if appropriate, during normal operation of the fuel cell, a water discharge can be largely eliminated.
  • the invention provides a fuel cell, in particular a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, for use in a motor vehicle, which with a Cathode air leading cathode system, a fuel leading
  • Anodensystem, and a cooling air leading thermal system is formed, wherein the cathode system and the thermal system are functionally interconnected to the cathode air, in particular at the output of the
  • the fuel cell is also understood to mean a series of a plurality of fuel cells which can be connected in series in a stack or in a so-called "stack."
  • an oxygen-conducting fluid usually air
  • a fuel-carrying fluid in particular hydrogen
  • flows so that the anode system can be referred to as an anode path or as a hydrogen path. for guiding the respective fluids.
  • Functional connection of thermal system means in the sense of the invention that the cooling air of the thermal system is used to dilute the cathode air at the outlet of the cathode system.
  • the cathode air at the exit of the cathode system or in other words the exhaust air, may contain fuel and / or waste water, the invention ensuring that the exhaust air is sufficiently diluted with the cooling air to be critical
  • Thermal system multifunctional exploit i. not only for the primary purpose of heat dissipation, but also for the advantageous purposes of the invention, such as the dilution of the exhaust air of the fuel cell.
  • a purge line can be provided which can connect the anode system to the cathode system.
  • the purge line can be advantageously used to empty an anode in the anode path from an air-carrying fluid and / or to fill it with a fuel-carrying fluid.
  • the efficiency of the fuel cell can be improved during commissioning but also during operation.
  • Cathode system can end at the output before a radiator of the thermal system.
  • the exhaust air can be supplied to the radiator of the cooling air.
  • the exhaust air of the cathode system can be diluted at least 100 times, in particular by 1000 times, with the cooling air.
  • the exhaust air can be diluted with a mass flow of about 15 g / s with a mass flow of up to 1200 g / s of the cooling air.
  • even very high amounts of fuel for example of about 1 g / s, can be rapidly mixed with the cooling air to an uncritical concentration.
  • the water in the exhaust air can thereby by increasing the
  • Evaporation of water can be increased if liquid water is contained in the exhaust air. This may vary depending on the environment or the
  • Ambient temperature especially in the course of operation, be useful.
  • hot exhaust air can help to quickly reach an operating temperature, which may be advantageous, for example, at the beginning of the operation of the fuel cell.
  • the exhaust air can be diluted reliably until reaching a cooling fan or a nipple.
  • the cooling fan of the thermal system can be easily performed because it does not have to be formed as an explosion-proof blower.
  • Cathode system can end at the exit to a radiator and in front of a cooling fan of the thermal system.
  • the exhaust air of the cathode system can be mixed with the already warm cooling air. This allows the exhaust air to be mixed quickly and efficiently with the warm cooling air.
  • the water in the exhaust air can be heated by the warm cooling air and afterwards evaporate quickly. A water outlet during operation of the fuel cell can thus be almost completely avoided.
  • the exhaust air does not change the cooling effect. This can be advantageous depending on the environment or the ambient temperature, for example. In warm areas, or depending on the operating temperature of the fuel cell.
  • it is advantageous that the exhaust air can be diluted sufficiently to reach a cooling fan or a nipple, in order to avoid that all
  • the cathode system can end at the outlet to a cooler and to a cooling fan of the thermal system.
  • the output of the cathode system can end at the outlet to a cooler and to a cooling fan of the thermal system.
  • the cooling fan It may be advantageous that the exhaust air does not affect the effect of the thermal system. As a result, the exhaust air can be mixed with a rapidly flowing outward cooling air, the outside of the
  • Motor vehicle can also be mixed with the ambient air.
  • the cathode system according to the invention would have to be extended to a certain point, before the radiator, after the radiator and before the
  • Cooling fan or after the cooling fan to end can be achieved according to the invention by means of at least one valve or a plurality of valves. Depending on the place of use and / or depending on the ambient conditions and / or the operating temperature, the valve or the valves may vary
  • Fuel cell according to the invention at a corresponding point, before the
  • Cooler after the cooler and before the cooling fan or after the cooling fan to determine the output of the cathode system. It is conceivable that a single valve can open the path for the cathode air at the outlet of the cathode system to flow in front of the radiator, after the radiator and before the cooling fan or after the cooling fan.
  • This valve can, for example, in Dependence on the temperature, in particular on the operating temperature of the fuel cell, preferably on the temperature difference between the
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a method for operating a fuel cell, in particular a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, for use in a motor vehicle, wherein the fuel cell with a cathode air leading cathode system, a fuel leading
  • Anodensystem and a cooling air leading thermal system is executed.
  • the method is by a following step
  • Cathode system d. H. an exhaust air, with the cooling air of the thermal system.
  • the inventive method is achieved in a simple manner and with simple means that fuel concentration is reduced, and that liquid water is avoided in the output of the fuel cell.
  • the same advantages are achieved by means of the method according to the invention, which have been described above with reference to the description of the fuel cell according to the invention. To avoid repetition, reference is made to this in full.
  • the method can have at least one further step: b) mixing, or in other words purges, of a fuel-carrying fluid of the anode system with a fluid carrying cathode air of the cathode system, in particular before step a), at the beginning of the operation of the fuel cell.
  • At the beginning of the operation of the fuel cell can be caused by actuation of a purge valve that is located in the anode of the fuel cell gas mixture is discharged into the cathode system, a so-called purge of the fuel cell. It can be used in the starting case for the purpose of emptying the air in the anode and for filling the anode with fuel, for example hydrogen.
  • the step b) can thus at the beginning of the operation of
  • Fuel cell can be carried out, wherein in the subsequent step a) it can be ensured that the fuel in the cathode air, for example. Hydrogen, can be diluted quickly and efficiently to a non-critical concentration.
  • Fuel cell can be increased.
  • the invention can provide that the method can have at least one further step: c) mixing or purging a fuel-carrying fluid of the anode system with a cathode air-conducting fluid of the cathode system, preferably simultaneously with step a), in the course of operation of the
  • step a) can be carried out simultaneously with the purge process in order to ensure that gas mixture enriched in fuel in the exhaust air of the fuel cell can be sufficiently diluted.
  • safety can be increased in the course of operation of the fuel cell.
  • the method according to the invention can have at least one further step: d) mixing a waste water of the fuel cell with the cooling air of the thermal system.
  • Process steps in particular the steps a), c) and d), but also run simultaneously to ensure the safety of the fuel cell during the entire operation.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of an inventive
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention
  • FIG Fig. 5 shows an operating strategy for avoiding fuel emissions, in particular hydrogen emissions, for the normal operation of the fuel cell according to the invention
  • FIG Fig. 6 shows an operating strategy for avoiding leakage from the liquid water for normal operation of the invention
  • Figures 1 to 3 each show an embodiment of a
  • Fuel cell 1 for example for mobile applications, d. H. for applications in a motor vehicle.
  • a cold combustion of fuel in particular of hydrogen, takes place by combining with oxygen, for example from the normal ambient air.
  • the electrical power is tapped via electrical lines 40 and provided to an electrical system 41 of the motor vehicle.
  • fuel, in particular hydrogen supplied during a cathode of the H2
  • the anode system 20 in this case has a fuel or a hydrogen tank 21, which provides fuel to the fuel cell 1 via a valve 22 as a pressure reducer and a shut-off valve 23, which can prevent the fuel supply, for example. In case of failure.
  • the anode system may also include a throttle valve 25.
  • a purge conduit 12 is provided which connects the anode system 20 and the cathode system 10. To start the operation of the fuel cell 1 can be effected by a corresponding actuation of a purge valve 12.1 and a recirculation pump 24, that in the anode of the
  • Fuel cell 1 located gas mixture is discharged into the cathode system 10 to empty the anode of air and fuel, in particular
  • the cathode system 10 has at its entrance to an air filter 11 to filter the ambient air according to the requirements of the fuel cell 1.
  • a compressor 13 or a sucker ensures that sufficient air reaches the cathode of the fuel cell 1.
  • a heat exchanger 14 ensures that the compressed air after passage of the compressor 13 is cooled to a suitable temperature.
  • a humidifier 16, for example in the form of a membrane that lets water through but stops the air, ensures that unconsumed cathode air is sent back to the cathode.
  • valves 15, 17 in the form of throttle valves a suitable pressure in the cathode system can be adjusted.
  • a temperature sensor 18 for measuring the ambient temperature.
  • the heat developed during operation of the fuel cell 1 is dissipated via a cooling air leading thermal system 30.
  • the thermal system 30 may again serve to power the fuel cell 1 to a preferred one
  • the thermal system 30 has a cooler 31 with a cooling fluid, which can absorb and remove the excess heat during operation of the fuel cell 1.
  • a cooling fan 32 or a sucker also serves to allow a cooling air, which can be sucked in from the environment, to flow past the cooling fluid and to absorb the absorbed heat.
  • the cathode system 10 terminates in front of the cooler 31 of the thermal system 30.
  • the exhaust air of the cathode system 10 is added to the cooling air of the thermal system 30 upstream of the cooler 31.
  • the exhaust air of the cathode system 10 be it with the fuel and / or liquid water contained therein, is diluted with the cooling air of the thermal system 30.
  • the effect of the thermal system 30 can be supported by evaporation of the water or the wastewater.
  • Warm exhaust air can in turn help to quickly reach a preferred operating temperature of the fuel cell 1, for example.
  • the exhaust air is reliably diluted until reaching the cooling fan 32 and the sucker. This allows critical concentrations of the
  • Cooling fan 32 Fuel, especially of hydrogen H2, near the Cooling fan 32 can be avoided, so that the cooling fan 32 can be easily performed as a non-explosion-proof blower.
  • the cathode system 10 ends after the radiator 31 and before the cooling fan 32 of the thermal system 30.
  • the cooling fan 32 of the thermal system 30.
  • Thermal system 30 after passing through the cooler 31 mixed. This allows the exhaust air to be heated and mixed quickly. The water in the exhaust air can evaporate quickly and possible
  • Cooler 31 work at. This can be particularly advantageous in warm regions or during ongoing operation of the fuel cell 1 that the warm air is not used for cooling. Also according to this embodiment, it is unnecessary to perform the cooling fan 32 as an explosion-proof blower.
  • the cathode system 10 ends after the radiator 31 and after the cooling fan 32 of the thermal system 30.
  • the exhaust air is mixed with a rapidly flowing outward cooling air after leaving the cooling fan 32, the exhaust air outside with the
  • FIG. 4 describes the operating strategy at the beginning of the operation of FIG
  • step 100 the operation is started.
  • step 101 the compressor 13 at the entrance of the cathode system 10, for example. Up to a maximum speed, turned up. Since the cathode air is mixed with the cooling air, a possible fuel mixture in the vicinity of the cooling fan 32 is diluted to a harmless concentration. Only then is the step 102 the
  • Cooling fan 32 is turned on and, for example. Up to a maximum speed, turned up to achieve a further dilution. In step 102, therefore, a larger mass flow of the cathode air is mixed by a larger mass flow of the cooling air.
  • the purge process is performed to fill the anode. For this purpose, the shut-off valve 23 and the purge valve 12.1 opened.
  • step 104 it is checked whether the anode is sufficiently filled with fuel. If so, the startup procedure continues in step 105.
  • the compressor 13 and the cooling fan 32 can be brought to a normal speed.
  • FIG. 5 describes the strategy according to the invention for avoiding critical fuel emissions during normal operation of the fuel cell 1.
  • step 200 is referred to as normal operation.
  • the cooling fan 32 can be turned up in the step 202 in the case of the normally continued compressor 13.
  • the purge valve 12.1 can be opened and closed again after a certain time Et.
  • step 204 the normal operation is continued.
  • FIG. 6 describes the strategy according to the invention for preventing water leakage during normal operation of the fuel cell 1, ie in step 300.
  • the required amount of air for the evaporation of the liquid water quantity at the respective operating temperature of the fuel cell and / or the ambient temperature is calculated in step 301 or from a Map or a table read.
  • the calculation or reading can be performed by a control unit of the fuel cell 1.
  • step 302 a corresponding speed of the cooling fan 32 can be set.
  • the normal operation can be continued.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une pile à combustible (1), en particulier une pile à combustible à électrolyte polymère, destinée à être utilisée dans un véhicule à moteur, ladite pile comprenant un système côté cathode (10) amenant l'air à la cathode, un système côté anode (20) amenant le combustible, et un système thermique (30) amenant l'air de refroidissement. Selon l'invention, le système côté cathode (10) et le système thermique (30) sont reliés l'un à l'autre de manière fonctionnelle, afin que l'air destiné à la cathode amené par le système côté cathode (10), en particulier sortant de celui-ci, se mélange avec l'air de refroidissement du système thermique (30).
PCT/EP2016/073269 2015-11-11 2016-09-29 Pile à combustible WO2017080713A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015222237.3 2015-11-11
DE102015222237.3A DE102015222237A1 (de) 2015-11-11 2015-11-11 Brennstoffzelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017080713A1 true WO2017080713A1 (fr) 2017-05-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2016/073269 WO2017080713A1 (fr) 2015-11-11 2016-09-29 Pile à combustible

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE102015222237A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017080713A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050079398A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-04-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Fuel cell
US20060083963A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2006-04-20 Margiott Paul R Hydrogen passivation shut down system for a fuel cell power plant
US20130087305A1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2013-04-11 Suzuki Motor Corporation Heating apparatus of fuel cell vehicle
DE112011102498T5 (de) * 2010-07-26 2013-06-06 Suzuki Motor Corporation Luftgekühltes Brennstoffzellenfahrzeug
WO2015124405A1 (fr) * 2014-02-24 2015-08-27 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Système de pile à combustible comprenant un empilage d'éléments de pile à combustible disposé dans un boîtier, ainsi que moyen de ventilation du boîtier

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060083963A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2006-04-20 Margiott Paul R Hydrogen passivation shut down system for a fuel cell power plant
US20050079398A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-04-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Fuel cell
US20130087305A1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2013-04-11 Suzuki Motor Corporation Heating apparatus of fuel cell vehicle
DE112011102498T5 (de) * 2010-07-26 2013-06-06 Suzuki Motor Corporation Luftgekühltes Brennstoffzellenfahrzeug
WO2015124405A1 (fr) * 2014-02-24 2015-08-27 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Système de pile à combustible comprenant un empilage d'éléments de pile à combustible disposé dans un boîtier, ainsi que moyen de ventilation du boîtier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102015222237A1 (de) 2017-05-11

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