WO2017080114A1 - 用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料及制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料及制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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WO2017080114A1
WO2017080114A1 PCT/CN2016/072286 CN2016072286W WO2017080114A1 WO 2017080114 A1 WO2017080114 A1 WO 2017080114A1 CN 2016072286 W CN2016072286 W CN 2016072286W WO 2017080114 A1 WO2017080114 A1 WO 2017080114A1
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parts
soil
nutrient
greening
nutrient solution
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PCT/CN2016/072286
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French (fr)
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苏文藏
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苏文藏
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of municipal engineering greening and landscaping technology, in particular to a nutrient material used for municipal engineering greening and planting soil, and also relates to a preparation method and application thereof.
  • the landscaping project is a project to build a landscape garden green space.
  • Landscaping is an important measure to provide people with a good rest, culture and entertainment, close to nature, and satisfy people's desire to return to nature. It is an important measure to protect the ecological environment and improve the living environment of the city. Landscaping refers to environmental construction projects covering garden architecture projects in garden green spaces and scenic spots, including landscape construction projects, earthworks, garden building projects, garden water management projects, garden paving works, and greening projects. It is the application of engineering technology to express the garden art, so that the engineering structures on the ground and the garden landscape are integrated. With the continuous development of the social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the concept of "green health" is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
  • the nutrient substrate of green plants is the most important plant growth foundation, and plays an important role in the greening project.
  • the improvement of the nutrient substrate can significantly improve the greening effect.
  • Chinese patent application CN103304302A discloses a nutrient substrate for vertical greening, three-dimensional greening and roof greening, which not only can reduce the bearing weight of the roof and the three-dimensional greening nutrient, but also provide nutrients for plant growth. It ensures that plants can grow normally under the special environment of roof and three-dimensional nutrition.
  • most of the raw materials used in this technical solution are industrial waste. Although it can effectively treat and consume industrial waste to a certain extent, the nutrients and minerals brought by it are far from enough for the nutrition of greening plants.
  • Chinese patent CN103553807A discloses a nutrient material for municipal engineering greening and landscaping and a preparation method thereof, which are composed of the following parts by weight: 20-30 parts of soil, 20-30 parts of peat soil, nitrogen-fixing bacteria 5-10 parts of the group, 3-5 parts of the organic decomposition bacteria group, 5-10 parts of the fiber skeleton; 10-30 parts of perlite, 10-30 parts of vermiculite, 3-5 parts of Trichoderma viride.
  • the preparation method is mainly to prescribe the amount of soil and peat.
  • the soil, the fiber skeleton, the perlite, and the vermiculite are uniformly mixed, and the nutrient material of the present invention can be obtained by adding a predetermined amount of the organic matter decomposition bacteria group, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria group, and the green Trichoderma bacteria.
  • the technical scheme shows that the nutrient material can greatly improve the continuous nutrient capacity of the greening soil, and can better absorb and absorb part of the solid waste during the plant growth process, thereby improving the landscape of the municipal greening project and the garden engineering.
  • the soil brought by the nutrients in the technical solution cannot adjust the self-pH adjustment according to the change of the soil, because if the soil's own pH is seriously deviated, the plant cannot survive and even the nutrient material itself cannot function, and cannot be improved.
  • the role of municipal greening and landscape engineering landscapes cannot improve the looseness of the soil, and do not exhibit good compatibility and friendliness to other added nutrients.
  • the present invention provides a soil for planting green soil for municipal engineering. Nutritional materials and preparation methods and applications.
  • the technical scheme adopted by the invention is: a nutrient material for greening planting soil in municipal engineering, and the innovation is that it consists of the following parts by weight: 10-20 parts of soil, 10-20 parts of peat soil, 5-10 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 5-10 parts of organic decomposition bacteria, 15-20 parts of fiber skeleton, 10-30 parts of humic acid, 3-8 parts of Trichoderma viride, and 20-30 parts of nutrient solution.
  • the pH of the nutrient solution is 8.2 to 10.3.
  • the nutrient solution includes water, organic matter, N element, P element, Na element, K element and matrix, wherein the ratio of N element, P element, Na element, K element is 1-2 : 2 to 3: 5 to 8: 4 to 6.
  • the matrix contains trace elements of iron, manganese, zinc, copper and boron.
  • the mass fraction of the trace elements contained in the matrix is 1.4 to 2.4% of iron, 0.16 to 0.38% of manganese, 0.14 to 1.9% of zinc, 1.3 to 2.6% of copper, and 2.6 to 5.1% of boron.
  • the mass fraction of trace elements contained in the matrix is: iron 2.0%, manganese 0.25%, zinc 0.56%, copper 1.8%, and boron 3.2%.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a nutrient material for municipal engineering greening soil, which is innovative in that the specific steps are as follows:
  • step (3) adding the nutrient solution prepared in the step (2) to the corresponding ratio of the soil, the peat soil, the fiber skeleton and the humic acid in a proper ratio, and then adding the organic decomposition bacteria cultivated in the step (1).
  • the group of bacteria, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria group and the green Trichoderma cell body obtain the nutrient material required by the present invention.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a nutrient material for municipal engineering greening soil, which is mainly used in engineering greening or planting.
  • the nutrient material of the present invention is composed of the following parts by weight: 10-20 parts of soil, 10-20 parts of peat soil, 5-10 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 5-10 parts of organic decomposition bacteria group, fiber skeleton 15-20 parts, 10-30 parts of humic acid, 3-8 parts of Trichoderma viride, 20-30 parts of nutrient solution, and humic acid and nutrient solution are added to the prior art formula, and the components are properly matched. Compared with the addition, it can provide sufficient nutrient requirements for plant growth, and can also increase the effect of soil pH and soil porosity by increasing the humic acid and nutrient solution of specific components, which is more conducive to the municipal engineering greening project.
  • the nutrient material of the present invention is preferably composed of the following parts by weight: 12-18 parts of soil, 12-18 parts of peat soil, 6-8 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 6-8 parts of organic decomposition bacteria group, fiber 16-18 parts of skeleton, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 4-6 parts of Trichoderma viride, 22-26 parts of nutrient solution.
  • the pH of the nutrient solution is between 8.2 and 10.3
  • the pH of the nutrient solution is adjusted to be alkaline and fixed to a specific range, which is the first time in the prior art, after adjusting the pH
  • the other substances in the nutrient material are mixed and echoed, and the pH of the composed nutrient material has considerable flexibility, thereby achieving the effects of adjusting soil pH and soil porosity.
  • the nutrient solution includes water, organic matter, N element, P element, Na element, K element and matrix, and the added N element, P element, Na element, K element can increase the growth of the plant.
  • Minerals, and these elements come from a wide range of sources, and the price is low.
  • the ratio between N element, P element, Na element and K element is 1 ⁇ 2:2 ⁇ 3:5 ⁇ 8:4 ⁇ 6, after trial It is concluded that the N element, the P element, the Na element, and the K element having such a ratio have better compatibility and complement each other, thereby enhancing the role played by the nutrient material itself.
  • the nutrient material of the invention contains trace elements iron, manganese, zinc, copper and boron in the matrix, which is beneficial to the richness, perfectness, coordination and synergy of the nutrient materials, so that the nutritive materials play a greater role. .
  • the nutrient material of the present invention preferably has a mass fraction of trace elements in the matrix: 1.4 to 2.4% of iron, 0.16 to 0.38% of manganese, 0.14 to 1.9% of zinc, 1.3 to 2.6% of copper, and 2.6 to 5.1% of boron. Most preferably, iron 2.0%, manganese 0.25%, zinc 0.56%, copper 1.8% and boron 3.2% are more conducive to nutrient richness, perfection and coordination, synergy in nutrient materials, and affinity with soil. To achieve the best, neither constitute waste, so that the nutrients play the most important role.
  • the steps are simple, especially the preparation process of the nutrient solution is simple, and the solid substance after the filtration of the nutrient liquid does not pollute the environment, and can also be applied. Field crops.
  • the extracted nutrient solution has good compatibility with other components, and the method is simple and the preparation efficiency is high.
  • a nutrient material for municipal engineering greening soil which is composed of the following parts by weight: 10 parts of soil, 10 parts of peat soil, 5 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 5 parts of organic decomposition bacteria, 15 parts of fiber skeleton, 10 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of Trichoderma viride, and 20 parts of nutrient solution.
  • the pH of the nutrient solution was adjusted to 8.2.
  • a nutrient material for municipal engineering greening soil which is composed of the following parts by weight: 20 parts of soil, 20 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 10 parts of organic decomposition bacteria, 20 parts of fiber skeleton, 30 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of Trichoderma viride, and 30 parts of nutrient solution.
  • the pH of the nutrient solution is adjusted to 10.3, and the nutrient solution includes water, organic matter, N element, P element, Na element, K element and matrix, wherein the ratio between the N element, the P element, the Na element and the K element is 1:2:5:4.
  • a nutrient material for municipal engineering greening soil which is composed of the following parts by weight: 12 parts of soil, 12 parts of peat soil, 6 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 6 parts of organic decomposition bacteria, and 16 parts of fiber skeleton. 15 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of Trichoderma viride, and 22 parts of nutrient solution.
  • the pH of the nutrient solution is adjusted to 8.5, and the nutrient solution includes water, organic matter, N element, P element, Na element, K element and matrix, and the ratio between N element, P element, Na element and K element is 2: 3:8:6, and the matrix contains trace elements of iron, manganese, zinc, copper and boron.
  • a nutrient material for municipal engineering greening soil which is composed of the following parts by weight: 18 parts of soil, 18 parts of peat soil, 8 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 8 parts of organic decomposition bacteria, and 18 parts of fiber skeleton. 25 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of Trichoderma viride, and 26 parts of nutrient solution.
  • the pH of the nutrient solution is adjusted to 8.8, and the nutrient solution includes water, organic matter, N element, P element, Na element, K element and matrix, wherein the ratio between the N element, the P element, the Na element and the K element is 1:3:5:6.
  • a nutrient material for municipal engineering greening soil which is composed of the following parts by weight: 16 parts of soil, 16 parts of peat soil, 7 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 7 parts of organic decomposition bacteria, and 17 parts of fiber skeleton. 20 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of Trichoderma viride, and 24 parts of nutrient solution.
  • the pH of the nutrient solution is adjusted to 8.8, and the nutrient solution includes water, organic matter, N element, P element, Na element, K element and matrix, wherein the ratio between N element, P element, Na element and K element is 2:3:5:4.
  • a nutrient material for municipal engineering greening soil which is composed of the following parts by weight: 16 parts of soil, 16 parts of peat soil, 7 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 7 parts of organic decomposition bacteria, and 17 parts of fiber skeleton. 20 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of Trichoderma viride, and 24 parts of nutrient solution.
  • the pH of the nutrient solution is adjusted to 9.5, and the nutrient solution includes water, organic matter, N element, P element, Na element, K element and matrix, wherein the ratio between the N element, the P element, the Na element and the K element is 2:3:8:4.
  • the mass fraction of trace elements in the matrix is: iron 1.4%, manganese 0.16%, zinc 0.14%, copper 1.3% and boron 2.6%.
  • a nutrient material for municipal engineering greening soil which is composed of the following parts by weight: 16 parts of soil, 16 parts of peat soil, 7 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 7 parts of organic decomposition bacteria, and 17 parts of fiber skeleton. 20 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of Trichoderma viride, and 24 parts of nutrient solution.
  • the pH of the nutrient solution is adjusted to 9.8, and the nutrient solution includes water, organic matter, N element, P element, Na element, K element and matrix, wherein the ratio between the N element, the P element, the Na element and the K element is 2:3:8:4.
  • the mass fraction of trace elements in the matrix was: iron 2.0%, manganese 0.25%, zinc 0.56%, copper 1.8%, and boron 3.2%.
  • the present embodiment provides a method for preparing a nutrient material for municipal engineering greening soil, and the specific steps are as follows:
  • step (3) adding the nutrient solution prepared in the step (2) to the corresponding ratio of the soil, the peat soil, the fiber skeleton and the humic acid in a proper ratio, and then adding the organic decomposition bacteria cultivated in the step (1).
  • the group of bacteria, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria group and the green Trichoderma cell body obtain the desired nutrient material.
  • the nutrient material of the soil described in Example 7 was mixed with ordinary soil 1:4 as a plant growth substrate.
  • the soil was taken by 5-point sampling method, mixed uniformly, and sieved.
  • the pH value of the soil sample was determined by 2.5:1.0 water leaching method.
  • the content of organic matter (OM) was determined by potassium permanganate volumetric method.
  • the effective nitrogen (AN) was determined by alkali diffusion method.
  • the effective phosphorus (AP) content was determined by Olsen method.
  • the effective potassium (AK) content was determined by ammonium acetate extraction flame spectrophotometry and the determination of total nitrogen (TN) content.
  • the semi-micro Kay method was used to determine the content of total phosphorus (TP) by molybdenum antimony colorimetric method.
  • the content of slow-acting potassium (SK) was determined by flame photometry.
  • Data processing Data collation uses Excel2007, and data calculation uses SPSSl7.0.
  • Data standardization application Analyze---Descriptive Statistics----DescriptiVOS, correlation coefficient matrix, eigenvalue and feature vector, principal component score calculation application Analyze_Data Reduction_Factor Analysis.
  • the above four indicators of soil samples in the rock slope in different time periods were taken.
  • the sampling time in this embodiment is every 6 months, and the sampling method is the grid layout method, taking 1 point every 500 m, and sampling if it encounters an obstacle. Take the 5-point sampling method to take the soil, mix it evenly, and sieve it.
  • the index of each sample is taken as the average value and expressed as x ⁇ s.
  • the measurement results of each sampling time sample index are shown in the following table:
  • the soil fertilizer is affected within 0-30 months after using the nutrient material according to the present invention.
  • the four main indicators of the force are gradually improved, and the indicators of soil fertility in the 30th month are significantly different from the indexes of the soil before the application of the soil improvement method of the present invention, suggesting that the nutrient material of the present invention can significantly improve the soil.
  • Fertility and the growth of plants and the improvement of soil can complement each other. It can adjust and adjust the pH of the soil according to the change of the soil, and improve the serious deviation of the pH of the soil itself, which leads to the inability of the plant to survive and even the nutrient material itself can not function, and can not play the role of improving the landscape of the municipal greening project and the garden engineering.
  • the nutrient material of the present embodiment has a great effect on improving the looseness of the soil, and exhibits good compatibility and friendliness for other added nutrients.
  • the soil fertility improving effect similar to the above experiment can be obtained by mixing the nutrient materials described in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, the fifth embodiment and the sixth embodiment with the common soil.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料及制备方法及应用，其由如下组分组成：土壤，泥炭土，固氮菌，有机物分解菌群，纤维骨架，腐植酸，绿色木霉菌，营养液。制备方法具体步骤如下：（1）分别使用合适的培养基培养各微生物菌群；（2）营养液的制备；（3）将营养液按照配量比加入到相应配量比的土壤、泥炭土、纤维骨架和腐植酸中，加入有机物分解菌群菌体，固氮菌群菌体以及绿色木霉菌菌体。还提供这种营养材料的应用领域，主要运用于工程绿化或植物种植中，解决了营养材料无法改善土壤的疏松度，对其他添加的营养物质也没有表现良好的相容性和友好的特点的问题。

Description

用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料及制备方法及应用 技术领域
本发明涉及及市政工程绿化和园林绿化技术领域技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，还涉及其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
园林绿化工程是建设风景园林绿地的工程。园林绿化是为人们提供一个良好的休息、文化娱乐、亲近大自然、满足人们回归自然愿望的场所，是保护生态环境、改善城市生活环境的重要措施。园林绿化泛指园林城市绿地和风景名胜区中涵盖园林建筑工程在内的环境建设工程，包括园林建筑工程、土方工程、园林筑山工程、园林理水工程、园林铺地工程、绿化工程等，它是应用工程技术来表现园林艺术，使地面上的工程构筑物和园林景观融为一体。社会经济的不断发展，人民生活水平日益提高，“绿色健康”理念深入人心。人们的环境意识越渐增强，市政园林绿化工程得到前所未有的关注。绿化事业发展迅速，呈现一片蓬勃之势。但是在园林绿化建设繁荣发展的同时，市政园林绿化工程施工管理中存在的问题也日益突出。其中，由于市政绿化工程以及园林绿化场所的人流量大，绿化的破坏率高以及产生的废弃物已经成为该绿化工程中存在的最重要也是最棘手的问题。
绿化植物的营养基质最为植物生长的基础，在绿化工程中具有重要的作用，现有技术中通过对营养基质的改善能够显著改善绿化的效果。如中国专利申请CN103304302A即公开了一种用于垂直绿化、立体绿化和屋顶绿化的营养基质，此营养基质不仅可以减轻屋顶和立体绿化营养钵的承载重量，还可以为植物生长提供养分。保障了植物在屋顶和立体营养钵的特殊环境下可以正常生长。但是该技术方案使用的原料大多为工业废物，虽然在一定程度上能够有效处理和消纳工业废弃物，但是其带来的营养物质和矿物质远远不够绿化植物的生长的营养所需。再例如中国专利CN103553807A公开了一种用于市政工程绿化和园林绿化的营养材料及其制备方法，由如下重量份数的组分组成：土20-30份，泥炭土20-30份，固氮菌群5-10份，有机物分解菌群3-5份，纤维骨架5-10份；珍珠岩10-30份，蛭石10-30份，绿色木霉菌3-5份。制备方法主要为将处方量的土壤、泥炭 土、纤维骨架、珍珠岩、蛭石混合均匀，再加入处方量的有机物分解菌群菌体，固氮菌群菌体以及绿色木霉菌菌体即可得到本发明的营养材料。该技术方案明营养材料能够大幅度提高绿化土壤的持续营养能力，更能在植物生长过程中消化吸收部分固体废弃物，从而改善市政绿化工程和园林工程的景观。但是该技术方案中的营养物质带来的土壤，不能根据土壤的变化进行自我酸碱度调节调节，因为如土壤自身的酸碱度严重偏差时，导致植物无法生存甚至营养材料本身不能发挥作用，无法起到改善市政绿化工程和园林工程的景观的作用。且该技术方案中的营养材料无法改善土壤的疏松度，对其他添加的营养物质也没有表现良好的相容性和友好的特点。
因此，研究一种用于市政工程绿化和园林绿化的营养材料以改善现有的市政工程绿化效果是非常必要。
发明内容
为克服现有技术中存在的营养材料无法改善土壤的疏松度，对其他添加的营养物质也没有表现良好的相容性和友好的特点问题，本发明提供了一种用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料及制备方法及应用。
本发明采用的技术方案为：一种用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其创新点在于：其由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤10-20份，泥炭土10-20份，固氮菌5-10份，有机物分解菌群5-10份，纤维骨架15-20份，腐植酸10-30份，绿色木霉菌3-8份，营养液20-30份。
在此基础上，其由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤12-18份，泥炭土12-18份，固氮菌6-8份，有机物分解菌群6-8份，纤维骨架16-18份，腐植酸15-25份，绿色木霉菌4-6份，营养液22-26份。
在此基础上，其由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤16份，泥炭土16份，固氮菌7份，有机物分解菌群7份，纤维骨架17份，腐植酸20份，绿色木霉菌5份，营养液24份。
在此基础上，所述营养液的PH为8.2～10.3。
在此基础上，所述营养液中包括水、有机质、N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素和基质，其中，N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素之间的比例为1～2:2～3:5～8:4～6。
在此基础上，所述基质中含有微量元素铁、锰、锌、铜和硼。
在此基础上，所述基质中含有微量元素的质量分数分别为：铁1.4～2.4％、锰0.16～0.38％、锌0.14～1.9％、铜1.3～2.6％和硼2.6～5.1％。
在此基础上，所述基质中含有微量元素的质量分数分别为：铁2.0％、锰0.25％、锌0.56％、铜1.8％和硼3.2％。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料的制备方法，其创新点在于：具体步骤如下：
(1)分别使用合适的培养基培养各微生物菌群：培养时间:根据特定菌群的要求进行调整、培养；完成后浓缩离心后，得有机物分解菌群菌体，固氮菌群菌体以及绿色木霉菌菌体；
(2)营养液的制备：加入需量的水后，依次加入配量比的N、固体P2O5、固体K2O、有机质和基质之后，搅拌2～3h成均匀浆体，静置4h，使其固液沉淀分离，抽滤其液体，即为营养液；
(3)将步骤(2)中制备的营养液按照配量比加入到相应配量比的土壤、泥炭土、纤维骨架和腐植酸中混合均匀，再加入步骤(1)中培养的有机物分解菌群菌体，固氮菌群菌体以及绿色木霉菌菌体，得到本发明所需的营养材料。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料的应用，主要运用于工程绿化或植物种植中。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)本发明的营养材料，由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤10-20份，泥炭土10-20份，固氮菌5-10份，有机物分解菌群5-10份，纤维骨架15-20份，腐植酸10-30份，绿色木霉菌3-8份，营养液20-30份，与以往现有技术的配方中，增加腐植酸和营养液，各组分通过合适的配比加入，能够提供植物生长足够的营养需求，还能够通过增加腐植酸和特定组分的营养液，达到调节土壤酸碱度和土壤疏松度的效果，更加有利于市政工程绿化工程的进行。
(2)本发明的营养材料，优选由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤12-18份，泥炭土12-18份，固氮菌6-8份，有机物分解菌群6-8份，纤维骨架16-18份，腐植酸15-25份，绿色木霉菌4-6份，营养液22-26份。最优选由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤16份，泥炭土16份，固氮菌7份，有机物分解菌群7份，纤维骨架17份，腐植酸20份，绿色木霉菌5份，营养液24份，能够储存营养物 质，能够在土壤与营养材料之间达成最优秀的组分配比，达到最经济的市政工程绿化。
(3)本发明的营养材料，营养液的PH在8.2～10.3之间，将营养液的PH调节到碱性并且固定特定的范围，在现有技术中尚属首次，调节过PH后，与营养材料中的其他物质混合，交相呼应，组成的营养材料的PH具有相当的灵活性，进而达到调节土壤酸碱度和土壤疏松度的效果。
(4)本发明的营养材料，营养液中包括水、有机质、N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素和基质，加入的N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素可以增加植物生长必须的矿物质，且这几种元素来源广泛，价格低廉，其中，N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素之间的比例为1～2:2～3:5～8:4～6，经过试验得出，具备这种配比的N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素之间具有更好的相容性，相辅相成，提高养材料本身发挥的作用。
(5)本发明的营养材料，基质中含有微量元素铁、锰、锌、铜和硼，有利于营养材料中营养的丰富性、完善性和协调、协同性，使得营养材料发挥较大的作用。
(6)本发明的营养材料，基质中含有微量元素的质量分数优选为：铁1.4～2.4％、锰0.16～0.38％、锌0.14～1.9％、铜1.3～2.6％和硼2.6～5.1％，最优选为，铁2.0％、锰0.25％、锌0.56％、铜1.8％和硼3.2％，更加有利于营养材料中营养的丰富性、完善性和协调、协同性，与土壤的亲和性也达到最佳，既不构成浪费，使得营养材料发挥最大的作用。
(7)本发明的营养材料的制备方法中，步骤简单，尤其是营养液的制备步骤也很简单，且抽滤营养液体后的固态物质并不会对环境构成污染，而且还能应施入大田作物。抽取的营养液，与其他成分兼容性好，方法简单且制备效率高。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤10份，泥炭土10份，固氮菌5份，有机物分解菌群5份，纤维骨架15份， 腐植酸10份，绿色木霉菌3份，营养液20份。
其中，调节营养液的PH为8.2。
实施例2
一种用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤20份，泥炭土20份，固氮菌10份，有机物分解菌群10份，纤维骨架20份，腐植酸30份，绿色木霉菌8份，营养液30份。
其中，调节营养液的PH为10.3，营养液中包括水、有机质、N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素和基质，其中，N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素之间的比例为1:2:5:4。
实施例3
一种用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤12份，泥炭土12份，固氮菌6份，有机物分解菌群6份，纤维骨架16份，腐植酸15份，绿色木霉菌4份，营养液22份。
其中，调节营养液的PH为8.5，营养液中包括水、有机质、N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素和基质，N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素之间的比例为2:3:8:6，且基质中含有微量元素铁、锰、锌、铜和硼。
实施例4
一种用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤18份，泥炭土18份，固氮菌8份，有机物分解菌群8份，纤维骨架18份，腐植酸25份，绿色木霉菌6份，营养液26份。
其中，调节营养液的PH为8.8，营养液中包括水、有机质、N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素和基质，其中，N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素之间的比例为1:3:5:6。
实施例5
一种用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤16份，泥炭土16份，固氮菌7份，有机物分解菌群7份，纤维骨架17份，腐植酸20份，绿色木霉菌5份，营养液24份。
其中，调节营养液的PH为8.8，营养液中包括水、有机质、N元素、P元素、 Na元素、K元素和基质，其中，N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素之间的比例为2:3:5:4。
实施例6
一种用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤16份，泥炭土16份，固氮菌7份，有机物分解菌群7份，纤维骨架17份，腐植酸20份，绿色木霉菌5份，营养液24份。
其中，调节营养液的PH为9.5，营养液中包括水、有机质、N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素和基质，其中，N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素之间的比例为2:3:8:4。
其中，基质中含有微量元素的质量分数分别为：铁1.4％、锰0.16％、锌0.14％、铜1.3％和硼2.6％。
实施例7
一种用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤16份，泥炭土16份，固氮菌7份，有机物分解菌群7份，纤维骨架17份，腐植酸20份，绿色木霉菌5份，营养液24份。
其中，调节营养液的PH为9.8，营养液中包括水、有机质、N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素和基质，其中，N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素之间的比例为2:3:8:4。
基质中含有微量元素的质量分数分别为：铁2.0％、锰0.25％、锌0.56％、铜1.8％和硼3.2％。
实施例8
在实施例1～7的基础上，本实施例提供一种用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)分别使用合适的培养基培养各实施例1～7中的微生物菌群：培养时间:根据特定菌群的要求进行调整、培养；完成后浓缩离心后，得有机物分解菌群菌体，固氮菌群菌体以及绿色木霉菌菌体；
(2)实施例1～7中的营养液的制备：加入需量的水后，依次加入配量比的N、固体P2O5、固体K2O、有机质和基质之后，搅拌2～3h成均匀浆体，静置4h， 使其固液沉淀分离，抽滤其液体，即为营养液；
(3)将步骤(2)中制备的营养液按照配量比加入到相应配量比的土壤、泥炭土、纤维骨架和腐植酸中混合均匀，再加入步骤(1)中培养的有机物分解菌群菌体，固氮菌群菌体以及绿色木霉菌菌体，得到所需的营养材料。
试验：
采用本实施例7所述土壤的营养材料与普通土壤1:4混合作为植物生长基质。
取样与分析：采取5点取样法取土，混合均匀，过筛处理，土壤样品PH值的测定采用2.5:1.0水浸提电位法，有机质(OM)含量的测定采用高锰酸钾容量法，有效氮(AN)的测定采用碱解扩散法，有效磷(AP)含量的测定采用Olsen法，有效钾(AK)含量的测定采用乙酸铵浸提火焰光度法，全氮(TN)含量的测定采用半微量凯式定氮法，全磷(TP)含量的测定采用钼锑抗比色法，缓效钾(SK)含量的测定采用火焰光度法。
数据处理：数据整理使用Excel2007，数据计算使用SPSSl7.0。数据标准化应用Analyze---Descriptive Statistics----DescriptiVOS，相关系数矩阵、特征值和特征向量、主成分得分的计算应用Analyze_Data Reduction_Factor Analysis。
根据以上所确定的主成分分析法测定土壤肥力的实验，分别取不同时间段内岩坡内土壤样品的上述4个指标。本实施例中的取样时间为每隔6个月，取样方法为网格布点法，每500m取1个点，如遇到障碍物则就近取样。采取5点取样法取土，混合均匀，过筛处理等。各次取样样本的指标取其平均值，以x±s的方式表示。各取样时间样本指标测定结果如下表所示：
取样时间 TN(g/kg) TP(g/kg) OM(g/kg) AP(g/kg)
0个月 1.25±0.21 0.30±0.15 19.20±6.59 9.78±2.55
6个月 1.42±0.23 0.33±0.15 25.21±5.34 10.33±2.01
12个月 1.78±0.25 0.42±0.16 38.25±7.30 12.28±2.25
18个月 2.08±0.31 0.56±0.18 40.67±6.35 12.98±2.36
24个月 2.58±0.34 0.66±0.18 46.28±6.54 16.58±2.76
30个月 2.69±0.35 0.78±0.19 65.65±8.70 18.24±2.69
由上表可以看出，采用本发明所述的营养材料后0-30个月内，影响土壤肥 力的四个主要指标均逐步改善，其中第30个月的土壤肥力各指标与施用本发明土壤改良方法前的土壤各指标具有显著性差异，提示本发明所述的营养材料可以显著提高土壤的肥力，并使植物的生长与土质的改善能够相辅相成。能根据土壤的变化进行自我酸碱度调节调节，改善如土壤自身的酸碱度严重偏差时，导致植物无法生存甚至营养材料本身不能发挥作用，无法起到改善市政绿化工程和园林工程的景观的作用的状况。且本实施例的营养材料对于改善土壤的疏松度也具有很大的效果，对其他添加的营养物质表现良好的相容性和友好的特点。
采用实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4、实施例5以及实施例6所述的营养材料与普通土壤混合后，均可取得与上述实验相似的土壤肥力改善效果。
上述说明示出并描述了本发明的优选实施例，如前所述，应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式，不应看作是对其他实施例的排除，而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境，并能够在本文所述发明构想范围内，通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围，则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其特征在于：其由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤10-20份，泥炭土10-20份，固氮菌5-10份，有机物分解菌群5-10份，纤维骨架15-20份，腐植酸10-30份，绿色木霉菌3-8份，营养液20-30份。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其特征在于：其由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤12-18份，泥炭土12-18份，固氮菌6-8份，有机物分解菌群6-8份，纤维骨架16-18份，腐植酸15-25份，绿色木霉菌4-6份，营养液22-26份。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其特征在于：其由如下重量份数的组分组成：土壤16份，泥炭土16份，固氮菌7份，有机物分解菌群7份，纤维骨架17份，腐植酸20份，绿色木霉菌5份，营养液24份。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其特征在于：所述营养液的PH为8.2～10.3。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其特征在于：所述营养液中包括水、有机质、N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素和基质，其中，N元素、P元素、Na元素、K元素之间的比例为1～2:2～3:5～8:4～6。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其特征在于：所述基质中含有微量元素铁、锰、锌、铜和硼。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其特征在于：所述基质中含有微量元素的质量分数分别为：铁1.4～2.4％、锰0.16～0.38％、锌0.14～1.9％、铜1.3～2.6％和硼2.6～5.1％。
  8. 根据权利要求5或6所述的用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料，其特征在于：所述基质中含有微量元素的质量分数分别为：铁2.0％、锰0.25％、锌0.56％、铜1.8％和硼3.2％。
  9. 一种权利要求1所述的用于市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料的制备方法，其特征在于：具体步骤如下：
    (1)分别使用合适的培养基培养各微生物菌群：培养时间:根据特定菌群的要求进行调整、培养；完成后浓缩离心后，得有机物分解菌群菌体，固氮菌群菌体以及绿色木霉菌菌体；
    (2)营养液的制备：加入需量的水后，依次加入配量比的N、固体P2O5、固体K2O、有机质和基质之后，搅拌2～3h成均匀浆体，静置4h，使其固液沉淀分离，抽滤其液体，即为营养液；
    (3)将步骤(2)中制备的营养液按照配量比加入到相应配量比的土壤、泥炭土、纤维骨架和腐植酸中混合均匀，再加入步骤(1)中培养的有机物分解菌群菌体，固氮菌群菌体以及绿色木霉菌菌体，得到本发明所需的营养材料。
  10. 一种权利要求1所述的市政工程绿化种植土壤的营养材料的应用，主要运用于工程绿化或植物种植中。
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