WO2017076060A1 - 一种自动聚焦装置及系统 - Google Patents

一种自动聚焦装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017076060A1
WO2017076060A1 PCT/CN2016/090027 CN2016090027W WO2017076060A1 WO 2017076060 A1 WO2017076060 A1 WO 2017076060A1 CN 2016090027 W CN2016090027 W CN 2016090027W WO 2017076060 A1 WO2017076060 A1 WO 2017076060A1
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Prior art keywords
unit
focus
sensor
focus value
autofocus
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PCT/CN2016/090027
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐加军
楼品琪
龚晔
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杭州唐光科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201510740355.9A external-priority patent/CN105530429B/zh
Application filed by 杭州唐光科技有限公司 filed Critical 杭州唐光科技有限公司
Publication of WO2017076060A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017076060A1/zh
Priority to US15/971,745 priority Critical patent/US10859794B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/28—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals
    • G02B7/36—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals using image sharpness techniques, e.g. image processing techniques for generating autofocus signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/28—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals
    • G02B7/36—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals using image sharpness techniques, e.g. image processing techniques for generating autofocus signals
    • G02B7/38—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals using image sharpness techniques, e.g. image processing techniques for generating autofocus signals measured at different points on the optical axis, e.g. focussing on two or more planes and comparing image data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B13/00—Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras
    • G03B13/32—Means for focusing
    • G03B13/34—Power focusing
    • G03B13/36—Autofocus systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/67—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/67—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals
    • H04N23/673—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals based on contrast or high frequency components of image signals, e.g. hill climbing method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/67—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals
    • H04N23/675—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals comprising setting of focusing regions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/0077—Types of the still picture apparatus
    • H04N2201/0084—Digital still camera

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of an autofocus electronic microscope, an autofocus electronic telescope and an autofocus industrial camera, and more particularly to an autofocus device.
  • the conventional camera whether it is a CMOS or a CCD camera, fixes the imaging device on the base and connects to the lens at the front end through the C or CS port, and the imaging device cannot move.
  • the role of the camera is to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal to the terminal through photoelectric conversion.
  • the camera outputs images in a variety of ways, including VGA, HDMI, YPBPR, etc. It can also be output to the PC through the USB interface, and various image processing is performed through the PC.
  • Its advantage is that the camera and lens (including ordinary fixed-focus lens, microscope, telescope, etc.) can be docked through a standard interface (C interface or CS interface).
  • C interface or CS interface standard interface
  • Its disadvantage is that since the imaging mechanism is fixed, it cannot implement the autofocus function by itself. For example, a fixed focus lens.
  • the autofocus function of the front optical system itself such as non-fixed lens, ZOOM lens, AF lens, microscope with auto focus function, telescope, etc. Obviously, the cost of the lens, microscope, and telescope with auto focus function is high.
  • the invention hopes that under the premise that the front end optical system does not have the autofocus function, such as a fixed focus lens, an ordinary biological microscope that does not have a focusing function, a stereo microscope, a continuous zoom microscope, a telescope, etc., these ordinary optics are made.
  • the system has become uncommon, making these optical systems without autofocus capable of autofocus. We do this by changing the image distance by moving the imaging device without changing the front end optical system.
  • the invention does not need to change the structure of the front end optical system, and like the conventional camera, the connection to the front end optical system is realized through the standard C port.
  • the back-end output interfaces are various, such as HDMI, VGA, USB, etc., and the control methods are also various.
  • the intelligent analysis system at the back end it can be applied in a wide range of fields such as surface inspection, workpiece measurement, and microscopic observation. It is not only easy to operate, but also greatly improves the efficiency (such as eliminating the time for focusing the microscope). Improve the accuracy of focusing (manual focus is judged by the human eye, automatic focus is judged by the machine).
  • the first problem to be solved by the present invention is that it is fixed with respect to the conventional camera imaging device, and the connection imaging with the front end optical system is realized through the C port or the CS port. If the front end optical system does not have the auto focus function, the entire system does not With auto focus.
  • the present invention realizes an autofocus function by an optical system that does not have an autofocus function by finding an image distance by moving an imaging device.
  • the second problem to be solved by the present invention is that it is fixed relative to the conventional camera imaging device, and the connection imaging with the front end optical system is realized through the C port or the CS port. If the front end optical system does not have the auto focus function, the entire system does not With auto focus.
  • the present invention realizes the autofocus function by changing the image distance by moving the imaging device so that the optical system not having the autofocus function is realized.
  • an autofocus device including: a sensor driving unit, a main control unit, and an interface unit:
  • the sensor driving unit is controlled by the main control unit, and the image distance is adjusted to make it automatically focus;
  • the image data of the target to be measured is outputted through an interface unit inside the autofocus device.
  • the sensor driving unit includes a Sensor board, a Sensor board position detecting unit, and a Sensor driving motor, wherein the Sensor board is configured to convert the optical signal into an image signal, and output an image signal to the main control unit; and the Sensor board position detecting unit uses Detecting the position of the current Sensor board relative to the machine origin, and feeding back the position information of the Sensor board to the main control unit; the Sensor drive motor is used to drive the Sensor board to move under the control of the main control unit;
  • a main control unit configured to process an image signal transmitted by the Sensor driving unit when the position of the measured object and the front end optical system are relatively fixed, and control the Sensor driving motor to drive the Sensor by running a focus search algorithm
  • the board moves and adjusts the image distance to make it automatically focus
  • An interface unit for outputting image data of the target to be measured and transmission of human-computer interaction signals.
  • main control unit includes:
  • An image data processing unit configured to receive an image signal sent by the Sensor board, collect and process the image signal, and output the processed image data to the focus value calculation unit;
  • a focus value calculation unit configured to process the received image data, calculate a focus value corresponding to the image data, and input the obtained focus value to the focus algorithm unit;
  • a focusing algorithm unit for receiving a feedback of the Sensor board fed back by the Sensor board position detecting unit relative to the origin a focus signal output by the position signal and the focus value calculation unit, and performing a focus search algorithm to obtain a best focus value by a focus search algorithm, the focus search algorithm generates a motor control signal to the motor control unit, and the Sensor board is controlled under the control of the focus search algorithm Moving to a position corresponding to the best focus value;
  • a motor control unit configured to convert a motor control signal output by the focus algorithm unit into a drive signal of the motor drive circuit and output the signal to the sensor motor drive circuit;
  • the Sensor motor drive circuit is configured to drive the Sensor motor according to a drive signal of the motor control unit to move the Sensor plate to a position corresponding to the optimal focus value.
  • the main control unit further includes a human-machine interaction unit that receives or sends information to the interface unit to implement human-computer interaction.
  • the focus algorithm unit includes:
  • the coarse focus algorithm sub-unit adopts an adaptive step size, receives the position signal of the Sensor board and the focus value output by the focus value calculation unit fed back by the Sensor board position detecting unit, performs a coarse focus search algorithm, and controls the motor control unit to drive the Sensor board to move to After the best focus value is in the range, the output signal is sent to the fine focus algorithm subunit;
  • the fine focus algorithm subunit adopts a fixed step size, receives the position signal of the Sensor board and the focus value output by the focus value calculation unit fed back by the Sensor board position detecting unit, and performs a fine focus search algorithm after receiving the signal of the coarse focus algorithm subunit.
  • the control motor control unit drives the Sensor plate to move to the position corresponding to the best focus value.
  • the image data processing unit inputs image data of the plurality of sub-regions to the focus value calculation unit;
  • the focus value calculation unit respectively processes the image data of each sub-region to obtain a high-frequency component focus value and a low-frequency component focus value corresponding to each sub-region;
  • the focus algorithm unit further includes: a focus value selection unit;
  • the focus value selection unit receives the high-frequency component focus value and the low-frequency component focus value corresponding to the plurality of sub-regions of the image data output by the focus value calculation unit, and determines the coarse focus algorithm sub-unit and the fine focus algorithm by a preset focus value selection algorithm. The focus value used by the unit to determine the best focus value.
  • the main control unit automatically adjusts the image distance to make the working distance of the front end optical system constant, and the main control unit controls the movement of the Sensor board inside the Sensor driving unit to find the image distance and automatically Focus.
  • the main control unit automatically adjusts the image distance to make the working distance of the front end optical system relatively variable, and the main control unit controls the movement of the Sensor board inside the Sensor driving unit to change the image distance to automatically Focus.
  • main control unit and the sensor driving unit can be integrated in one hardware entity.
  • main control unit and the sensor driving unit may be separated into different hardware entities and connected by hardware.
  • the present invention also provides an autofocus electron microscope comprising the above-described autofocus device.
  • the present invention also provides an autofocus electronic telescope comprising the above-described autofocus device.
  • the present invention also provides an autofocus industrial camera characterized by comprising the above described autofocus device.
  • the present invention also provides an autofocus electronic eyepiece, characterized by comprising the above autofocus device.
  • the present invention also provides an autofocus electron microscope comprising the above-described autofocus electronic eyepiece.
  • the present invention also provides an autofocus electronic telescope comprising the above-described autofocus electronic eyepiece.
  • the present invention Compared with the fixed working distance of the front end optical system of the conventional microscope and the telescope, the present invention has a Sensor board inside and drives the movement of the Sensor board through the internal main control unit, thereby realizing the front end optical system in this way. Variable working distance.
  • the present invention Compared with an optical system with a focusing function such as an autofocus microscope, an autofocus telescope, a ZOOM camera, etc., the present invention only needs to move the imaging device, and does not need to change the internal structure of the optical system, so that the focusing function is not provided.
  • the optical system has an auto-focusing function, which greatly reduces the complexity of the system and greatly reduces the cost.
  • Figure 1 is a working principle diagram of a conventional microscope and a telescope
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a conventional electron microscope and a telescope
  • Figure 3 is a working principle diagram of the autofocus device of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows the principle of automatic focusing of a conventional microscope and telescope
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic optical diagram of a working distance fixed autofocus principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an optical schematic diagram of a working distance variable autofocus principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an autofocus device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical system including an autofocus device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 a conventional microscope or telescope device is amplified again by taking the real image of the objective lens. And a clear virtual image is formed at the distance of the bright vision.
  • This device can only be used for observation, image analysis and preservation are not possible, and electron microscopes and telescopes make up for this defect.
  • Figure 2 shows the working principle of an electron microscope and an electronic telescope.
  • traditional electron microscopes and electronic telescopes convert traditional optical signals into digital signals, which realize image analysis and preservation, they lack autofocus function (here, not including microscopes with autofocus function, telescopes, because they are automatically
  • the principle of the optical system of the focusing function which realizes the autofocus function is different from the present invention and is described in the background art).
  • the present invention is directed to the problem that the conventional electron microscope and the electronic telescope cannot realize the autofocus function, and the autofocus is realized by moving the sensor panel in the autofocus device to change the image distance, as shown in FIG.
  • the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 2 shows that, regardless of the microscope or the electron microscope, since the imaging position is fixed, that is, the image distance v is fixed, the focal length f is fixed, and according to the following formula 1, the object distance u is also fixed. Whether it is manual focus mode or auto focus mode, focus can only be "find" by moving the front end optical system or the target to be measured.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the conventional electron microscope and the electronic telescope is that the movement of the Sensor board in the device is controlled by the main control unit inside the autofocus device to keep a suitable image distance when the working distance is constant.
  • v to achieve auto focus please refer to Figure 5, from the traditional optical imaging formula
  • u object distance
  • v image distance
  • the autofocus device disclosed in this embodiment realizes the automatic focusing of the object to be measured by moving the sensor plate inside the autofocus device to find a suitable image distance v.
  • the invention analyzes the image data by the main control unit of the autofocus device, and performs a focus search algorithm, and controls the sensor motor by running the focus search algorithm to drive the movement of the Sensor plate, and does not stop during the movement of the Sensor plate. Perform a focused search algorithm to get the position of the Sensor board at the best focus.
  • FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram showing the logical structure of the autofocus device of the embodiment.
  • the autofocus device includes a sensor driving unit 21, a main control unit 22, and an interface unit 23.
  • the Sensor driving unit 21 includes a Sensor board 21b, a Sensor motor 21d, and a Sensor board position detecting unit 21f.
  • the Sensor board 21b is for converting an optical signal obtained by the front end optical system into image information, and inputs the obtained image signal to the main control unit 22.
  • the Sensor motor 21d receives the Sensor motor control signal transmitted from the main control unit 22, and the Sensor motor 21d drives the movement of the Sensor plate 21b in accordance with the obtained control signal, so that the Sensor plate 21b is moved to a position corresponding to the optimum focus value.
  • the sensor board position detecting unit 21f is used to detect the position of the Sensor board 21b, and feed back its position information to the main control unit 22;
  • the main control unit 22 includes an image data processing unit 226a, a focus value calculation unit 226b, a focus algorithm unit 227c, a motor control unit 227f, and a Sensor motor drive circuit 225.
  • the sensor board 21b sends the obtained image signal to the main control unit 22, and the main control unit 22 inputs the processed image data and the sensor motor control signal to the interface unit 23 and the sensor drive unit 21;
  • the interface unit 23 receives the image data output by the main control unit 22 and connects the display device for image output.
  • the main control unit 22 includes:
  • the image data processing unit 226a is configured to receive the image signal sent by the sensor board 21b, and collect and process the obtained image signal, and input the processed image data to the focus value calculation unit 226b;
  • the focus value calculation unit 226b the image data processed by the image data processing unit 226a, the focus value corresponding to the image data is calculated, and the obtained focus value is input to the focus algorithm unit 227c;
  • the focus algorithm unit 227c receives the position signal of the Sensor board 21b fed back by the Sensor board position detecting unit 21f, and the focus value output by the focus value calculating unit 226b, and obtains the best focus value by running the focus search algorithm.
  • the motor control signal generated by the focusing algorithm unit 227c is sent to the motor control unit 227f;
  • the motor control unit 227f converts the motor control signal obtained from the focus algorithm unit 227c into a drive signal, and transmits the converted drive signal to the sensor motor drive circuit 225;
  • the Sensor motor drive circuit 225 converts the obtained drive signal into a Sensor motor control signal and transmits it to the Sensor board 21b.
  • the image data processing unit 226a receives the image signal transmitted from the Sensor board 21, divides the image signal into a plurality of sub-area processing, and transmits the obtained plurality of area image data to the focus value calculation unit 226b;
  • the unit 226b respectively processes the input sub-region image data to obtain the high-frequency component focus value and the low-frequency component focus value corresponding to each sub-region; and sends the obtained focus value to the focus algorithm unit 227c;
  • the focus algorithm unit 227c includes:
  • a coarse focus algorithm subunit for receiving a position signal of the sensor board 21b and a focus value output by the focus value calculation unit 226b fed back by the sensor board position detecting unit 21f, performing a coarse focus search algorithm, adopting an adaptive step size manner,
  • the step size is larger than the step size used by the fine focus search algorithm
  • the coarse focus search algorithm is used to search for the region of the best focus value
  • the obtained Senor motor 21d control signal is sent to the Sensor motor 21d, so that the Sensor motor 21d drives the Sensor.
  • the board 21b moves to the range of the region where the best focus value is located, and then outputs a signal to the fine focus algorithm subunit, notifying the fine focus algorithm subunit for further fine focus search;
  • the fine focus search algorithm adopts a fixed step size, and uses the fine focus search algorithm to find the position of the best focus value in the region of the best focus value obtained by the coarse focus search algorithm subunit, and The obtained Sensor motor 21d control signal is sent to the Sensor motor 21d to cause the Sensor motor 21d to drive the Sensor plate 21b to a position corresponding to the optimum focus value.
  • the focus algorithm unit 227c further includes:
  • a focus value selection unit configured to receive a high-frequency component focus value and a low-frequency component focus value corresponding to the plurality of sub-regions of the image data output by the focus value calculation unit 226b, and perform a preset focus value selection algorithm corresponding to each sub-region
  • the frequency component focus value and the low frequency component focus value are analyzed to determine whether the current focus search algorithm selects the high frequency component focus value or the low frequency component focus value as the search algorithm focus value for performing the focus search and determining the appropriate optimal focus value.
  • the focus algorithm unit 227c transmits a motor drive signal to the motor control unit 227f based on the focus value obtained by the selected search algorithm and the position signal of the Sensor board 21b fed back by the sensor board position detecting unit 21f; the motor control unit 227f receives the drive.
  • the drive signal is transmitted to the Sensor motor drive circuit 225.
  • the Sensor motor drive circuit 225 transmits a control signal to the Sensor motor 21d.
  • the Sensor motor 21d controls the Sensor plate 21b according to the received control signal. Move to the new detection position according to the step size set by the selected search algorithm.
  • the Sensor board position detecting unit 21f searches for the position where the Sensor board 21b is at the best focus value, and when the focus algorithm unit 227c judges that the best focus value is found, the signal transmission is performed.
  • the Sensor motor 21d drives the Sensor plate 21b to move to the position corresponding to the best focus value, and the focus is completed; during the entire focusing process, the movement of the Sensor plate 21b is driven by the Sensor motor 21d to find the position corresponding to the best focus value. Achieve auto focus.
  • the main idea is to control the sensor drive unit 21 in the device by the main control unit 22 inside the autofocus device to change the image distance.
  • the focus search algorithm is executed by the main control unit 22 in the device, and the best focus value is obtained by the focus search algorithm.
  • the main control unit 22 sends a drive signal to the Sensor drive unit 21 inside the device, and the Sensor motor 21d in the Sensor drive unit 21
  • the drive signal transmitted from the main control unit 22 is received, and the movement of the Sensor plate 21b in the Sensor drive unit 21 is controlled to move the Sensor plate 21b to the position corresponding to the optimum focus value.
  • this embodiment is different from the conventional electron microscope and the electronic telescope. changing.
  • optical imaging formula 1 f is fixed, and the image distance v is variable (from v to v'), so the object distance u is variable (from u to u'). This means that even if the height of the object to be measured changes, the focus search algorithm can be performed by the main control unit inside the autofocus device to automatically control the movement of the Sensor plate to change the image distance (from v to v') to make the image clear.
  • Figure 8 is a block diagram of an optical system including an autofocus device, which may be an autofocus microscope system, or an autofocus telescope system, an autofocus industrial camera, which is composed of an autofocus device, a front end optical system, and an external device.
  • the autofocus device of the third embodiment integrates the autofocus function modules of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and correspondingly introduces the implementation manner of specific hardware entities of some functional modules, for example, the image in the third embodiment
  • the data processing unit 226a and the focus value calculation unit 226b are integrated in a digital signal processor DSP. In other embodiments, it may also be implemented by hardware such as a large-scale programmable logic device or a central processing unit CPU.
  • the present invention is not limited to specific hardware implementations, and any hardware implementation that implements the corresponding functions disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
  • the optical system including the autofocus device provided in the third embodiment includes: a front end optical system 1, an autofocus device 2, an auxiliary control unit 3, and a display unit 4, wherein the autofocus device 2 includes a sensor driving unit 21 and a main control unit 22 And the output interface unit 23 has three parts.
  • the sensor driving unit 21 includes a sensor board 21b, a sensor motor 21d, and a sensor board position detecting unit 21f.
  • the main control unit 22 includes an image data processing unit 226a, a focus value calculation unit 226b, a focus algorithm unit 227c, a motor control unit 227f, a Sensor motor drive circuit 225, and a human-machine interaction unit 227a.
  • the interface unit 23 includes:
  • the video signal conversion unit 236 converts the video signal obtained by the LVDS interface 231 into a standard-compliant video output signal, such as a high-definition multimedia interface HDMI video output signal, and an HDMI interface 235 for outputting the video output signal to an external display device.
  • a standard-compliant video output signal such as a high-definition multimedia interface HDMI video output signal
  • an HDMI interface 235 for outputting the video output signal to an external display device.
  • the ARM processor 233 is configured to receive and identify a control signal sent by the keypad 237 of the output interface unit 23, and the control signal may include a zoom control signal and a light source adjustment signal; the rs485 interface 234 is configured to receive the ARM processor 233 and the external keyboard 3 The control signal is sent and a control signal is sent to the ARM processor 233 and the external keyboard 3.
  • the sensor board 21b in the autofocus device is mainly an image sensor, which can convert the obtained optical signal into an image signal and transmit the image signal to the main control unit 22, and the sensor board 21b can be freely driven by the sensor motor 21d.
  • the sensor board position detecting unit 21f is for detecting the position of the Sensor board 21b. information.
  • the sensor driving unit 21 in the auto-focusing device moves the Sensor board 21b under the control of the main control unit 22 to realize the auto-focusing function.
  • the principle of implementing the auto-focusing is the same as that in the first embodiment, and will not be described here.
  • the main control unit 22 further includes an exposure algorithm unit 227b, an exposure algorithm unit.
  • the 227b runs image analysis technology to automatically adjust the brightness of the image to keep the image effect at its best.
  • the exposure algorithm unit 227b calculates luminance information of the image based on the image data output from the image data processing unit 226a. Comparing the calculated image brightness information with the preset image brightness information, calculating the brightness adjustment information, and controlling the brightness of the image through the corresponding control circuit and transmitting the brightness control signal, so that the display image always maintains the appropriate brightness. If the user does not need to control the brightness of the image in real time, it can also be set to manually adjust the brightness.
  • the difference is that after receiving the brightness adjustment signal through the interface unit 23, the control signal is transmitted to the human-machine interaction unit 227a.
  • the human-machine interaction unit 227a calls the exposure algorithm unit 227b to calculate the brightness adjustment information, and transmits the brightness control signal via the corresponding auxiliary control unit 3 to control the image brightness.
  • the auxiliary control unit 3 can be implemented by an external keyboard, and the image signal output by the interface unit 23 can be received and displayed through a display screen, a PC display, or other display system.
  • the program automatically completes the brightness adjustment, which is achieved by the following steps:
  • Step F1 preparation of the autofocus optical system before starting
  • Step F2 setting the brightness control mode to automatic
  • Step F3 preset image brightness Y0 and allowable error d;
  • Step F4 reading and recording the current image brightness value Y from the image data processing unit 226a;
  • Step F5 the exposure algorithm unit 227b compares the read brightness value Y with the preset image brightness Y0;
  • Step F6 If abs(Y-Y0)>d, proceed to step F7, otherwise proceed to step F8;
  • Step F7 If the read luminance value Y is greater than the threshold Y0+d, the luminance of the light source is reduced such that the luminance value of the image is within the target luminance range [Y0-d, Y0+d]. If the read luminance value is less than the threshold Y0-d, the luminance of the light source is increased such that the luminance value of the image is within the target luminance range [Y0-d, Y0+d].
  • Step F8 The brightness adjustment is completed.
  • Step G1 preparation before the autofocus optical system is started
  • Step G2 setting the brightness control mode to manual
  • Step G3 sending a brightness adjustment command (increase in brightness or decrease in brightness) to the ARM processor 233 through the keypad 237 on the output interface board 23 or the external keyboard 3;
  • Step G4 The ARM processor 233 translates the button information into an instruction that can be recognized by the auto focus electronic eyepiece, and transmits it to the human-machine interaction unit 227a through the serial port;
  • Step G5 The human-machine interaction unit 227a calls the manual exposure algorithm in the exposure algorithm unit 227b, that is, brightness addition and brightness reduction;
  • Step G6 The brightness adjustment unit adjusts the brightness of the image according to the brightness adjustment information.
  • the main control unit 22 is a core component of the entire autofocus device, and is mainly used for focus control of the solid line sensor driving unit 21, and outputs an image to the display terminal through the interface unit 23, and realizes human-computer interaction function through the human-machine interaction unit 227a.
  • the automaton manual brightness adjustment of the image during autofocusing is implemented by the exposure algorithm unit 227b.
  • the main function of the output interface unit 23 is to connect an image signal through it (the third embodiment is connected to the display unit 4 through the low voltage differential signal LVDS interface 231, the video signal conversion unit 236, the HDMI interface 235) (the display screen 4 in this embodiment).
  • the control signal is passed through the serial port (this embodiment is through the serial port rs485 interface 234, the ARM processor 233, the rs232 interface 232), and the main control unit 22 and the auxiliary control unit 3 (this embodiment is an external keyboard) are connected to realize human-computer interaction. .
  • the third embodiment of the present invention uses the rs232 interface 222 and the rs232 interface 232 to implement internal signal transmission between the human-machine interaction unit 227a and the output interface unit 23, the LVDS interface 221 and the LVDS interface 231 are used to implement the image data processing unit 226a.
  • Internal video signal transmission with output interface unit 23 does not limit the interface type and transmission mode between specific internal modules.
  • the corresponding internal interface functions can also be combined into the corresponding modules.
  • the image data processing unit 226a and the focus value calculation unit 226b in the main control unit 22 can be implemented by the DSP processor 226, or can be realized by other programmers, and the human-computer interaction in the main control unit board 22.
  • Unit 227a, exposure algorithm unit 227b, focus algorithm unit 227c, motor control unit 227f may be implemented by ARM processor 227, or may be implemented by other microelectronic processors.
  • the main control unit 22 is disposed outside the main body of the autofocus device, that is, in different hardware entities from the sensor driving unit 21, and the image signal of the Sensor board 21b is directly output to the outside through the hardware interface.
  • a device including a main control unit hereinafter referred to as an external main control device
  • the external main control device performs a focus search algorithm on the image signal, and outputs a motor control signal to the motor drive circuit of the autofocus device through the interface unit, and is driven by the motor
  • the circuit drives the Sensor motor to change the position of the Sensor board.
  • the Sensor board position detecting unit in the autofocus device feeds back the position of the Sensor board to the main control unit in the external main control unit through the interface unit.
  • the main control unit 22 and the sensor drive unit 21 are disposed in the same hard In the piece body, for example, it is disposed in the electronic eyepiece, and the autofocusing of the electron microscope and the electron telescope can be realized by directly replacing the eyepiece with the autofocus device of the present invention without changing the structure of the existing electron microscope and the electronic telescope.
  • the present invention combines the traditional electron microscope and the electronic telescope with the autofocus technology in an innovative manner, and realizes automatic (autofocus), intelligent (does not need to understand the operation of the microscope and the telescope). , automatic clear), economical (no need to change the structure of the existing electron microscope, electronic telescope, directly replace the eyepiece with the autofocus device of the present invention), easy to operate (no manual operation focus). Eliminating the inefficiency and low precision brought by the traditional manual focus method, it provides a fast, accurate and practical focusing method, which greatly improves the focusing accuracy and speed.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种自动聚焦装置及系统。包括Sensor驱动单元、主控单元、接口单元：由自动聚焦装置的主控单元执行聚焦搜索算法来控制Sensor板的移动，通过调整像距使其自动聚焦。本发明在无需移动及改变前端光学系统下，即可实现自动聚焦，提高了聚焦精度、效率、缩短了聚焦时间，降低了系统的复杂度及成本。

Description

一种自动聚焦装置及系统
优先权信息
本申请请求2015年11月05日向中国国家知识产权局提交的、专利申请号为201510740355.9及201520873093.9的专利申请的优先权和权益，并且通过参照将其全文并入此处。
技术领域
本发明涉及自动调焦电子显微镜,自动调焦电子望远镜和自动调焦工业相机等技术领域，尤其涉及一种自动聚焦装置。
背景技术
传统相机无论是CMOS还是CCD相机，都是把成像器件固定在底座上，通过C口或者CS口与前端的镜头进行连接，成像器件不能移动。相机的作用是通过光电转换，把光信号变成电信号输出到终端。相机输出图像的方式多种多样，有VGA,HDMI，YPBPR等，也可以通过USB接口输出到PC端显示，并通过PC进行各种图像处理。它的优点是通过标准的接口(C接口或者CS接口)，可以实现相机与镜头(包括普通的定焦镜头，显微镜，望远镜等)实现对接。它的缺点是由于成像机构是固定的，它无法自身实现自动对焦功能。比如接定焦镜头。
如果要实现对焦功能，必须是前端光学系统本身具备自动对焦功能，比如非定焦镜头，ZOOM镜头，AF镜头等，带自动调焦功能的显微镜，望远镜等。很显然，具备自动调焦功能的镜头，显微镜，望远镜等成本都是高昂的。
本发明希望是在前端光学系统不具备自动聚焦功能的前提下，如定焦镜头，普通的不具备调焦功能的生物显微镜，体视显微镜，连续变倍显微镜，望远镜等，使这些普通的光学系统变得不普通，使得这些不具备自动聚焦功能的光学系统具备自动聚焦功能。我们是通过不改变前端光学系统，通过移动成像装置，改变像距来实现的。
本发明不需要改变前端光学系统的结构，也像传统相机一样，是通过标准的C口实现与前端光学系统的连接。后端输出接口多种多样，如HDMI，VGA，USB等，控制方式也多种多样。通过后端的智能分析系统，实现了在表面检测，工件测量，显微观察等广泛领域的应用，它不仅操作方便，而且大大提高了效率(比如免去了显微镜调焦的时间)， 提高了对焦的精度(手动调焦是通过人眼判断，自动调焦通过机器判断清晰点)。
发明内容
本发明要解决的第一个问题是相对于传统相机成像装置是固定的，通过C口或者CS口实现与前端光学系统的连接成像，如果前端光学系统不具备自动对焦功能，那么整个系统就不具备自动对焦功能。本发明通过移动成像装置寻找像距使不具备自动聚焦功能的光学系统实现自动聚焦功能。
本发明要解决的第二个问题是相对于传统相机成像装置是固定的，通过C口或者CS口实现与前端光学系统的连接成像，如果前端光学系统不具备自动对焦功能，那么整个系统就不具备自动对焦功能。本发明通过移动成像装置改变像距使不具备自动聚焦功能的光学系统实现自动聚焦功能。
为了解决上述问题本发明提供一种自动聚焦装置，该自动聚焦装置包括：Sensor驱动单元、主控单元、接口单元：
在保持被测目标与前端光学系统的位置相对固定的情况下；
由主控单元控制Sensor驱动单元，通过调整像距使其自动聚焦；
被测目标的图像数据通过自动聚焦装置内部的接口单元输出显示。
进一步地，Sensor驱动单元，包括Sensor板、Sensor板位置检测单元、Sensor驱动马达，其中Sensor板，用于将光信号转换成图像信号，并输出图像信号给主控单元；Sensor板位置检测单元用于检测当前Sensor板相对于机械原点的位置，并将Sensor板的位置信息反馈给主控单元；Sensor驱动马达用于在主控单元的控制下驱动Sensor板移动；
主控单元，用于在被测目标与前端光学系统的位置保持相对固定时，对经Sensor驱动单元传输的图像信号进行处理，通过运行聚焦搜索算法来控制所述Sensor驱动马达以驱动所述Sensor板移动，通过调整像距使其自动聚焦；
接口单元，用于将被测目标的图像数据输出和人机交互信号的传输。
进一步地，所述主控单元包括：
图像数据处理单元，用于接收Sensor板发送的图像信号，并对图像信号进行采集和处理，且将处理后的图像数据输出给聚焦值计算单元；
聚焦值计算单元，用于对接收到的图像数据进行处理，计算图像数据对应的聚焦值并将得到的聚焦值输入到聚焦算法单元；
聚焦算法单元，用于接收Sensor板位置检测单元所反馈的Sensor板相对于原点的 位置信号和聚焦值计算单元输出的聚焦值，并执行聚焦搜索算法，通过聚焦搜索算法获得最佳聚焦值，聚焦搜索算法产生马达控制信号给马达控制单元，在聚焦搜索算法的控制下使Sensor板移动到所述最佳聚焦值对应的位置；
马达控制单元，用于将聚焦算法单元输出的马达控制信号转换成马达驱动电路的驱动信号输出给Sensor马达驱动电路；
Sensor马达驱动电路，用于根据马达控制单元的驱动信号来驱动Sensor马达，以使Sensor板移动到最佳聚焦值对应的位置。
进一步地，所述主控单元还包括人机交互单元，接收或发送信息给接口单元，实现人机交互。
进一步地，所述聚焦算法单元包括：
粗聚焦算法子单元采用自适应步长，接收Sensor板位置检测单元所反馈的Sensor板的位置信号和聚焦值计算单元输出的聚焦值，执行粗聚焦搜索算法，控制马达控制单元驱动Sensor板移动到最佳聚焦值所在区域范围内后，输出信号给细聚焦算法子单元；
细聚焦算法子单元采用固定步长，接收Sensor板位置检测单元所反馈的Sensor板的位置信号和聚焦值计算单元输出的聚焦值，在接收到粗聚焦算法子单元的信号后执行细聚焦搜索算法，控制马达控制单元驱动Sensor板移动到最佳聚焦值对应的位置。
进一步地，所述图像数据处理单元将多个子区域的图像数据输入给所述聚焦值计算单元；
所述聚焦值计算单元分别对每个子区域的图像数据进行处理，获得每个子区域对应的高频分量聚焦值和低频分量聚焦值；
所述聚焦算法单元还进一步包括：聚焦值选择单元；
聚焦值选择单元接收聚焦值计算单元输出的与图像数据的多个子区域对应的高频分量聚焦值和低频分量聚焦值，通过预设的聚焦值选择算法确定粗聚焦算法子单元和细聚焦算法子单元所使用的聚焦值，以确定最佳聚焦值。
进一步地，所述主控单元通过调整像距使其自动聚焦具体为：前端光学系统工作距固定不变，所述主控单元控制Sensor驱动单元内部的Sensor板移动，寻找像距，使其自动聚焦。
进一步地，所述主控单元通过调整像距使其自动聚焦具体为：前端光学系统工作距相对可变，所述主控单元控制Sensor驱动单元内部的Sensor板移动，改变像距，使其自动聚焦。
进一步地，所述的主控单元与所述的Sensor驱动单元可以集成在一个硬件实体中。
进一步地，所述的主控单元与所述的Sensor驱动单元可以分设在不同的硬件实体中，通过硬件连接。
本发明还提供一种自动聚焦电子显微镜，其特征在于包含上述的自动聚焦装置。
本发明还提供一种自动聚焦电子望远镜，其特征在于包含上述自动聚焦装置。
本发明还提供一种自动聚焦工业相机，其特征在于包含上述的自动聚焦装置。
本发明还提供一种自动聚焦电子目镜，其特征在于包含上述自动聚焦装置。
本发明还提供一种自动聚焦电子显微镜，其特征在于包含上述自动聚焦电子目镜。
本发明还提供一种自动聚焦电子望远镜，其特征在于包含上述自动聚焦电子目镜。
与现有电子显微镜和电子望远镜，工业相机相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
A、与传统的搭配不具备自动调焦功能的C口或者CS口相机的电子显微镜和电子望远镜、工业相机相比，只要把传统相机更换成本发明自动调焦装置，无需改变前端光学系统的结构，即可现实自动调焦功能，大大的提高了聚焦精度和缩短了调焦的时间。
B、与传统显微镜及望远镜的前端光学系统工作距固定相比，本发明在其内部设置了Sensor板并通过内部的主控单元来驱动Sensor板的移动，以这种方式实现了前端光学系统可变工作距。
C、相对于自动调焦显微镜，自动调焦望远镜，ZOOM相机等具备调焦功能的光学系统而言，本发明只需移动成像装置，无需改变光学系统内部结构，即可使得不具备调焦功能的光学系统具备自动调焦功能，大大降低了系统的复杂度，也大大降低了成本。
附图说明
图1为传统显微镜和望远镜的工作原理图；
图2为传统电子显微镜和望远镜工作原理图；
图3为本发明自动聚焦装置工作原理图；
图4为传统显微镜和望远镜自动聚焦原理；
图5为本发明实施例提供的工作距固定自动聚焦原理光学示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的工作距可变自动聚焦原理光学示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的自动聚焦装置结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的含有自动聚焦装置的光学系统结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图对上述发明内容的实施方式进行具体描述。
实施例一
如图1所示，传统的显微镜或望远镜装置是通过把物镜成的实像再次进行放大，从 而在明视距离处形成一个清晰的虚像。这种装置只能用来观测，无法进行图像分析及保存，电子显微镜和望远镜很好的弥补了这个缺陷。图2显示的电子显微镜和电子望远镜的工作原理。传统的电子显微镜和电子望远镜虽然把传统的光学信号转换成了数字信号，实现了图像的分析与保存，但是缺乏自动聚焦功能(这里指不包括带自动聚焦功能的显微镜，望远镜，因为本身带自动聚焦功能的光学系统其实现自动聚焦功能的原理与本发明不同，在背景技术里有介绍)。本发明针对传统的电子显微镜和电子望远镜无法实现自动聚焦功能的问题，采用了通过移动自动聚焦装置内的Sensor板，以改变像距的方式实现了自动聚焦，如图3。
根据图1，图2显示的原理图可知，无论是显微镜还是电子显微镜，由于它的成像位置固定即像距v是固定的，焦距f是固定的，根据下面公式1可知，物距u也是固定的，无论是手动聚焦方式还是自动聚焦方式，只能通过移动前端光学系统或者被测目标来“寻找”物距u以实现聚焦。而该实施例区别于传统电子显微镜和电子望远镜的是，在工作距不变的情况下，由自动聚焦装置内部的主控单元来控制装置中Sensor板的移动，以“寻找”合适的像距v来实现自动聚焦，请参考图5，从传统的光学成像公式
Figure PCTCN2016090027-appb-000001
其中，u(物距)是电子显微镜和电子望远镜的前端面到镜片组的距离(常量)，v是像距。根据公式1可知，由于u是常量，因此像距v是唯一的。该实施例公开的自动聚焦装置，就是通过移动自动聚焦装置内部的Sensor板寻找合适的像距v来实现对被测目标的自动聚焦。本发明由自动聚焦装置的主控单元对图像数据进行分析，并执行聚焦搜索算法，通过运行聚焦搜索算法来控制Sensor马达，以驱动Sensor板的移动，并在Sensor板移动的过程中不停的执行聚焦搜索算法，来得到最佳聚焦时Sensor板所在的位置。
图7为该实施例自动聚焦装置的逻辑结构功能框图，该自动聚焦装置包括，Sensor驱动单元21、主控单元22、接口单元23。
Sensor驱动单元21，包括Sensor板21b、Sensor马达21d及Sensor板位置检测单元21f。Sensor板21b用于将前端光学系统得到的光信号转换成图像信息，并将得到的图像信号输入到主控单元22。Sensor马达21d接收主控单元22发送的Sensor马达控制信号，Sensor马达21d根据得到的控制信号来驱动Sensor板21b的移动，使得Sensor板21b移动到最佳聚焦值所对应的位置。Sensor板位置检测单元21f用于检测Sensor板21b的位置，并将其位置信息反馈给主控单元22；
主控单元22，包括图像数据处理单元226a，聚焦值计算单元226b，聚焦算法单元227c，马达控制单元227f和Sensor马达驱动电路225。Sensor板21b将得到的图像信号发送到主控单元22，而主控单元22将处理后的图像数据和Sensor马达控制信号分别输入到接口单元23和Sensor驱动单元21；
接口单元23，接收主控单元22输出的图像数据，并连接显示设备进行图像输出。
主控单元22包括：
图像数据处理单元226a，用于接收Sensor板21b发送的图像信号，并对得到的图像信号进行采集和处理，且将处理后的图像数据输入到聚焦值计算单元226b；
聚焦值计算单元226b，处理经过图像数据处理单元226a处理后的图像数据，计算图像数据所对应的聚焦值，并将得到的聚焦值输入到聚焦算法单元227c；
聚焦算法单元227c，接收Sensor板位置检测单元21f所反馈的Sensor板21b的位置信号，以及聚焦值计算单元226b输出的聚焦值，并通过运行聚焦搜索算法，得到最佳聚焦值。聚焦算法单元227c产生的马达控制信号发送给马达控制单元227f；
马达控制单元227f，将从聚焦算法单元227c得到的马达控制信号转换成驱动信号，并将转换后的驱动信号发送给Sensor马达驱动电路225；
Sensor马达驱动电路225，将得到的驱动信号转换成Sensor马达控制信号，并发送到Sensor板21b。
在主控单元22中，图像数据处理单元226a接收Sensor板21发送来的图像信号，将图像信号分成多个子区域处理，将得到的多个区域图像数据发送到聚焦值计算单元226b；聚焦值计算单元226b分别对输入的每个子区域图像数据进行处理，获得各个子区域对应的高频分量聚焦值和低频分量聚焦值；并将得到的聚焦值发送到聚焦算法单元227c；
其中，聚焦算法单元227c包括：
粗聚焦算法子单元，用于接收Sensor板位置检测单元21f所反馈的Sensor板21b的位置信号和聚焦值计算单元226b输出的聚焦值，执行粗聚焦搜索算法，采用自适应步长的方式，其步长大于细聚焦搜索算法所使用的步长，使用粗聚焦搜索算法搜寻到最佳聚焦值所在区域范围，并将得到的Senor马达21d控制信号发送到Sensor马达21d，以使Sensor马达21d驱动Sensor板21b移动到所述最佳聚焦值所在区域范围内，然后输出信号给细聚焦算法子单元，通知细聚焦算法子单元进行进一步的细聚焦搜索；
细聚焦算法子单元，用于接收Sensor板位置检测单元21f所反馈的Sensor板21b的位置信号和聚焦值计算单元227c输出的聚焦值，在接收到粗聚焦算法子单元的信号 后执行细聚焦搜索算法，细聚焦搜索算法采用固定步长，在粗聚焦搜索算法子单元所得到的最佳聚焦值所在区域范围内，使用细聚焦搜索算法搜寻到最佳聚焦值所在位置，并将得到的Sensor马达21d控制信号发送到Sensor马达21d，以使Sensor马达21d驱动Sensor板21b移动到最佳聚焦值对应的位置。
聚焦算法单元227c还包括：
聚焦值选择单元，用于接收聚焦值计算单元226b输出的与图像数据的多个子区域对应的高频分量聚焦值和低频分量聚焦值，执行预设的聚焦值选择算法对各子区域对应的高频分量聚焦值和低频分量聚焦值进行分析，确定出当前聚焦搜索算法选择高频分量聚焦值还是选择低频分量聚焦值作为搜索算法聚焦值，以便进行聚焦搜索，并确定合适最佳的聚焦值。
以上，聚焦算法单元227c根据所选择的搜索算法得到的聚焦值和Sensor板位置检测单元21f所反馈的Sensor板21b的位置信号，向马达控制单元227f发送马达驱动信号；马达控制单元227f接收到驱动信号后，再向Sensor马达驱动电路225发送驱动信号；Sensor马达驱动电路225接收到驱动信号后，再向Sensor马达21d发送控制信号；Sensor马达21d根据接收到的控制信号来控制Sensor板21b使其根据所选取的搜索算法设定的步长移动到新的检测位置。通过Sensor板21b多次的往复移动，Sensor板位置检测单元21f搜寻到Sensor板21b在最佳聚焦值时所在的位置，当聚焦算法单元227c判断找到了最佳聚焦值时，通过信号的传输，Sensor马达21d驱动Sensor板21b移动到获得最佳聚焦值时所对应的位置，聚焦完成；在整个聚焦过程中，通过Sensor马达21d驱动Sensor板21b的移动来寻找最佳聚焦值所对应的位置以实现自动聚焦。
基于该实施例提供的自动聚焦装置，要解决的第一个技术问题，所采取的主要思想是由自动聚焦装置内部的主控单元22控制其装置中的Sensor驱动单元21，以改变像距的方式使其自动聚焦。具体是由装置中的主控单元22执行聚焦搜索算法，通过聚焦搜索算法得到最佳聚焦值，主控单元22向装置内部的Sensor驱动单元21发送驱动信号，Sensor驱动单元21中的Sensor马达21d接收主控单元22发送的驱动信号，并控制Sensor驱动单元21中Sensor板21b的移动，使Sensor板21b移动到获得最佳聚焦值时所对应的位置。
实施例二
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题所采取的实施方式如下所示：
在传统的显微镜和望远镜中，由于工作距是固定的，若被测物体的高度发生了改变，将导致图像不清晰。
如图3和图6所示，该实施例区别于传统电子显微镜和电子望远镜的是物距u是可 变的。根据光学成像公式1可知，f是固定的，像距v是可变的(从v到v')，因此物距u是可变的(从u到u')。这也就意味着即使被测物体的高度改变，也能够通过自动聚焦装置内部的主控单元执行聚焦搜索算法自动控制Sensor板移动以相应的改变像距(从v到v')使成像清晰。
自动聚焦的实现步骤同实施例一，在此不再阐述。
实施例三
图8为含有自动聚焦装置的光学系统原理框图，该光学系统可以是自动聚焦显微镜系统、或是自动聚焦望远镜系统，自动聚焦工业用相机，其是由自动聚焦装置、前端光学系统及外接设备组成。其中，实施例三的自动聚焦装置综合了实施例一、实施例二的自动聚焦功能模块，并相应的介绍了某些功能模块的具体硬件实体的实施方式，例如，该实施例三中将图像数据处理单元226a和聚焦值计算单元226b集成在一个数字信号处理器DSP中。在其他实施例中，也可以由大规模可编程逻辑器件或中央处理单元CPU等硬件实现。本发明不对具体的硬件实现方式做出限定，只要能实现本发明所公开的相应功能的硬件实现方式，都应该包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例三提供的含自动聚焦装置的光学系统包括：前端光学系统1、自动聚焦装置2、辅助控制单元3、显示单元4，其中，自动聚焦装置2包括了Sensor驱动单元21、主控单元22和输出接口单元23三个部分。
其中，Sensor驱动单元21包括Sensor板21b、Sensor马达21d和Sensor板位置检测单元21f。
主控单元22包括图像数据处理单元226a、聚焦值计算单元226b、聚焦算法单元227c、马达控制单元227f、Sensor马达驱动电路225、和人机交互单元227a。
接口单元23包括：
视频信号转换单元236，将LVDS接口231得到的视频信号转换成符合标准的视频输出信号，例如高清晰度多媒体接口HDMI视频输出信号；HDMI接口235，用于将视频输出信号输出给外部显示设备。
ARM处理器233，用于接收和识别输出接口单元23中按键板237发送的控制信号，该控制信号可以包括变焦控制信号和光源调节信号；rs485接口234用于接收ARM处理器233和外部键盘3发送的控制信号，并向ARM处理器233和外部键盘3发送控制信号。
自动聚焦装置中的Sensor板21b主要是一个图像传感器，它可以将得到的光信号转换成图像信号，并将图像信号传送到主控单元22中，Sensor板21b可以在Sensor马达21d的带动下自由移动，Sensor板位置检测单元21f用于检测Sensor板21b的位置 信息。自动聚焦装置中的Sensor驱动单元21在主控单元22的控制下，移动Sensor板21b来实现自动聚焦功能，具体实现自动聚焦的原理同实施例一，在此不再阐述。
此外，为了实现基于上述自动聚焦装置的自动调焦光学系统(该系统包括不仅限于显微镜，望远镜，工业用相机等))的亮度调节，主控单元22，还包括曝光算法单元227b，曝光算法单元227b运行图像分析技术，自动调节图像的亮度，使图像效果始终保持最佳。
曝光算法单元227b，根据图像数据处理单元226a输出的图像数据计算图像的亮度信息。将计算出的图像亮度信息与预设图像亮度信息进行比较，计算出亮度调整信息，经相应的控制电路并发送亮度控制信号从而控制图像亮度，使得显示图像始终保持合适的亮度。若使用者不需要实时控制图像亮度，也可以设置为手动调节亮度。
在手动调节亮度的模式下，所不同的是需要通过接口单元23接收到亮度调节信号后，向人机交互单元227a发送控制信号。人机交互单元227a调用曝光算法单元227b计算亮度调整信息,经相应的辅助控制单元3并发送亮度控制信号从而控制图像亮度。其中，辅助控制单元3可用外接键盘实现，接口单元23输出的图像信号可通过显示屏、PC显示器、或其他显示系统来接收并显示。
当选择自动调节亮度，程序自动完成亮度调节，其具体通过以下步骤实现：
步骤F1：自动聚焦光学系统启动前的准备；
步骤F2：设置亮度控制模式为自动；
步骤F3：预设图像亮度Y0和允许误差d；
步骤F4：从图像数据处理单元226a读取并记录当前的图像亮度值Y；
步骤F5：曝光算法单元227b对读取的亮度值Y与预设的图像亮度Y0进行比较；
步骤F6：如果abs(Y-Y0)>d，进入步骤F7，否则进入步骤F8；
步骤F7：若读取的亮度值Y大于阈值Y0+d，则减小光源的亮度，使得图像的亮度值在目标亮度范围[Y0-d,Y0+d]内。若读取的亮度值小于阈值Y0-d，则增大光源的亮度，使得图像的亮度值在目标亮度范围[Y0-d,Y0+d]内。
步骤F8：亮度调节完成。
当选择手动调节亮度，其具体通过以下步骤实现：
步骤G1：自动聚焦光学系统启动前的准备；
步骤G2：设置亮度控制模式为手动；
步骤G3：通过输出接口板23上的按键板237或者外接键盘3向ARM处理器233发送亮度调节命令(亮度增加或者亮度降低)；
步骤G4：ARM处理器233把按键信息翻译成自动聚焦电子目镜能识别的指令，通过串口传送到人机交互单元227a；
步骤G5：人机交互单元227a调用曝光算法单元227b中的手动曝光算法，即亮度加、亮度减；
步骤G6：亮度调节单元根据亮度调节信息，调节图像的亮度。
上述，主控单元22是整个自动聚焦装置的核心部件，它主要用来实线Sensor驱动单元21的聚焦控制，通过接口单元23输出图像到显示终端，通过人机交互单元227a实现人机交互功能等，通过曝光算法单元227b实现自动聚焦过程中图像的自动机手动的亮度调节。
输出接口单元23主要功能是把图像信号通过它(实施例三是通过低压差分信号LVDS接口231、视频信号转换单元236、HDMI接口235)连接到显示单元4(本实施例为显示屏4)，把控制信号通过串口(本实施例是通过串口rs485接口234、ARM处理器233、rs232接口232)将主控单元22及辅助控制单元3(本实施例是外接键盘)连接起来，实现人机交互。
虽然本发明实施例三使用rs232接口222及rs232接口232，来实现人机交互单元227a与输出接口单元23之间的内部信号传输；使用LVDS接口221及LVDS接口231，来实现图像数据处理单元226a与输出接口单元23之间的内部视频信号传输。但本发明不限定具体的内部模块之间的接口类型和传输方式。相应的内部接口功能也可合并到对应的模块中实现。
在实施例三中，主控单元22中的图像数据处理单元226a、聚焦值计算单元226b即可通过DSP处理器226实现，也可通过其他编程器实现，主控单元板22中的人机交互单元227a，曝光算法单元227b，聚焦算法单元227c，马达控制单元227f可以由ARM处理器227实现，也可以由其他微电子处理器实现。
本发明另一具体实施例中，将主控单元22设置在自动聚焦装置的主体外部，即与Sensor驱动单元21分设于不同的硬件实体中，Sensor板21b的图像信号通过硬件接口直接输出给外部包含主控单元的设备(以下简称外部主控设备)，所述的外部主控设备对图像信号进行聚焦搜索算法，通过接口单元将马达控制信号输出给自动聚焦装置的马达驱动电路，通过马达驱动电路驱动Sensor马达，从而改变Sensor板的位置，自动聚焦装置中的Sensor板位置检测单元通过接口单元将Sensor板的位置反馈给外部主控设备中的主控单元。
本发明的另一个实施例中，将主控单元22与Sensor驱动单元21设置于相同的硬 件实体中，例如设置于电子目镜中，无需改变现有的电子显微镜、电子望远镜的结构，直接把目镜用本发明的自动聚焦装置替换，即可实现电子显微镜、电子望远镜的自动聚焦。
综上所述，本发明通过一种创新的方式，把传统电子显微镜和电子望远镜与自动聚焦技术有机的结合在一起，而且实现了自动(自动对焦)、智能(不需要懂显微镜和望远镜的操作，自动清晰)、经济(无需改变现有的电子显微镜、电子望远镜的结构，直接把目镜用本发明的自动聚焦装置替换)、操作简便(无需人工操作聚焦)。免除了传统的手动对焦方式带来的低效和低精度，提供了一种方面快捷，精确实用的对焦方式，大大提高了对焦精度和速度。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种自动聚焦装置，其特征在于，包括：Sensor驱动单元、主控单元、接口单元：
    在保持被测目标与前端光学系统的位置相对固定的情况下；
    由主控单元控制Sensor驱动单元，通过调整像距使其自动聚焦；
    被测目标的图像数据通过自动聚焦装置内部的接口单元输出显示。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自动聚焦装置，其特征在于，
    Sensor驱动单元，包括Sensor板、Sensor板位置检测单元、Sensor驱动马达，其中Sensor板，用于将光信号转换成图像信号，并输出图像信号给主控单元；Sensor板位置检测单元用于检测当前Sensor板相对于原点的位置，并将Sensor的位置信息反馈给主控单元；Sensor驱动马达用于在主控单元的控制下驱动Sensor板移动；
    主控单元，用于在被测目标与前端光学系统的位置保持相对固定时，对经Sensor驱动单元传输的图像信号进行处理，通过运行聚焦搜索算法来控制所述Sensor驱动马达以驱动所述Sensor板移动，通过调整像距使其自动聚焦；
    接口单元，用于将被测目标的图像数据输出和人机交互信号的传输。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的自动聚焦装置，其特征在于，所述主控单元包括：
    图像数据处理单元，用于接收Sensor板发送的图像信号，并对图像信号进行采集和处理，且将处理后的图像数据输出给聚焦值计算单元；
    聚焦值计算单元，用于对接收到的图像数据进行处理，计算图像数据对应的聚焦值并将得到的聚焦值输入到聚焦算法单元；
    聚焦算法单元，用于接收Sensor板位置检测单元所反馈的Sensor板相对于原点的位置信号和聚焦值计算单元输出的聚焦值，并执行聚焦搜索算法，通过聚焦搜索算法获得最佳聚焦值，聚焦搜索算法产生马达控制信号给马达控制单元，在聚焦搜索算法的控制下使Sensor板移动到所述最佳聚焦值对应的位置；
    马达控制单元，用于将聚焦算法单元输出的马达控制信号转换成马达驱动电路的驱动信号输出给Sensor马达驱动电路；
    Sensor马达驱动电路，用于根据马达控制单元的驱动信号来驱动Sensor马达，以使Sensor板移动到最佳聚焦值对应的位置。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的自动聚焦装置，其特征在于，所述主控单元还包括人机交互单元， 接收或发送信息给接口单元，实现人机交互。
  5. 如权利要求1-4所述的任一自动聚焦装置，其特征在于，所述聚焦算法单元包括：
    粗聚焦算法子单元采用自适应步长，接收Sensor板位置检测单元所反馈的Sensor板的位置信号和聚焦值计算单元输出的聚焦值，执行粗聚焦搜索算法，控制马达控制单元驱动Sensor板移动到最佳聚焦值所在区域范围内后，输出信号给细聚焦算法子单元；
    细聚焦算法子单元采用固定步长，接收Sensor板位置检测单元所反馈的Sensor板的位置信号和聚焦值计算单元输出的聚焦值，在接收到粗聚焦算法子单元的信号后执行细聚焦搜索算法，控制马达控制单元驱动Sensor板移动到最佳聚焦值对应的位置。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的自动聚焦装置，其特征在于，
    所述图像数据处理单元将多个子区域的图像数据输入给所述聚焦值计算单元；
    所述聚焦值计算单元分别对每个子区域的图像数据进行处理，获得每个子区域对应的高频分量聚焦值和低频分量聚焦值；
    所述聚焦算法单元还进一步包括：聚焦值选择单元；
    聚焦值选择单元接收聚焦值计算单元输出的与图像数据的多个子区域对应的高频分量聚焦值和低频分量聚焦值，通过预设的聚焦值选择算法确定粗聚焦算法子单元和细聚焦算法子单元所使用的聚焦值，以确定最佳聚焦值。
  7. 如权利要求1至6任一所述的自动聚焦装置，其特征在于，
    所述主控单元通过调整像距使其自动聚焦具体为：前端光学系统工作距固定不变，所述主控单元控制Sensor驱动单元内部的Sensor板移动，寻找像距，使其自动聚焦。
  8. 如权利要求1至6任一所述的自动聚焦装置，其特征在于，
    所述主控单元通过调整像距使其自动聚焦具体为：前端光学系统工作距相对可变，所述主控单元控制Sensor驱动单元内部的Sensor板移动，改变像距，使其自动聚焦。
  9. 如权利要求1至8任一所述的自动聚焦装置，其特征在于，
    所述的主控单元与所述的Sensor驱动单元可以集成在一个硬件实体中。
  10. 如权利要求1至8任一所述的自动聚焦装置，其特征在于，
    所述的主控单元与所述的Sensor驱动单元可以分设在不同的硬件实体中。
  11. 一种自动聚焦电子显微镜，其特征在于包含权利要求1至10任一所述的自动聚焦装置。
  12. 一种自动聚焦电子望远镜，其特征在于包含权利要求1至10任一所述的自动聚焦装置。
  13. 一种自动工业相机，其特征在于包含权利要求1至10任一所述的自动聚焦装置。
  14. 一种自动聚焦电子目镜，其特征在于包含权利要求1至10任一所述的自动聚焦装置。
  15. 一种自动聚焦电子显微镜，其特征在于包含权利要求14所述的自动聚焦电子目镜。
  16. 一种自动聚焦电子望远镜，其特征在于包含权利要求14所述的自动聚焦电子目镜。
PCT/CN2016/090027 2015-11-05 2016-07-14 一种自动聚焦装置及系统 WO2017076060A1 (zh)

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