WO2017075846A1 - 基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料 - Google Patents

基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料 Download PDF

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WO2017075846A1
WO2017075846A1 PCT/CN2015/094991 CN2015094991W WO2017075846A1 WO 2017075846 A1 WO2017075846 A1 WO 2017075846A1 CN 2015094991 W CN2015094991 W CN 2015094991W WO 2017075846 A1 WO2017075846 A1 WO 2017075846A1
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composite material
visible light
wide
impedance matching
angle
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赖耘
姚忠琦
罗杰
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Suzhou University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
    • G02B1/113—Anti-reflection coatings using inorganic layer materials only

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  • the invention relates to a non-reflective transparent composite material, in particular to a wide-angle non-reflective composite material in visible light band based on impedance matching.
  • the non-reflective, completely transparent material in the visible light band is mainly an anti-reflection film, which realizes no reflection by interference cancellation of reflected light waves; in the microwave frequency band, continuous gradient gradual change or electromagnetic resonance Achieve no reflection.
  • these antireflection films are generally only non-reflective and completely transparent in a narrower band and a narrower range of angles.
  • the anti-reflection film is a film covering the surface of the medium, which is easily destroyed by external environmental factors such as sand and sand.
  • the true non-reflective transparent material should have an impedance that perfectly matches the background medium (such as air). To achieve thickness-independent, non-reflective transparency properties.
  • the existing common antireflection materials mainly include two types: one is an optical anti-reflection film, and the other is a non-reflective glass.
  • Optical anti-reflection film can be used for solar cells to increase the light transmittance, but the manufacturing process is complicated and fine, the applicable angle range is not wide, and the frequency response is also narrow.
  • Common anti-reflection films mainly include three kinds: dielectric anti-reflection film, gradual structure surface anti-reflection film and electromagnetic super material anti-reflection film.
  • the dielectric anti-reflection film adopts the principle of interference cancellation and is easy to prepare.
  • the disadvantage is that the required optical thickness is at least a quarter wavelength.
  • the anti-reflection film tends to be thicker and generally only Working in a narrow frequency range, narrow angle range; gradient surface anti-reflection film is designed to reduce the impedance of the incident medium to the impedance of the exit medium by designing the surface structure, thereby reducing or even eliminating the reflected wave.
  • the advantage is that it can work in wide frequency and width. The range of angles, but the disadvantage is that the thickness is generally thicker and the actual preparation is difficult
  • the electromagnetic supermaterial anti-reflection film is a new type of anti-reflection film. Based on the new electromagnetic material, namely electromagnetic super material, through suitable design, electrical resonance and magnetic resonance can be generated in the electromagnetic metamaterial to realize reflection.
  • the advantage is that the thickness can be greatly reduced compared to the previous anti-reflection film, and the disadvantage is that it can only work in the narrow band, narrow angle range, and usually depends on the polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave. In addition, the actual design and preparation is very difficult.
  • Non-reflective glass immersed in a supersaturated aqueous solution of fluorosilicic acid or silicon dioxide with some metal oxides to form a silicon-based non-reflective layer on the surface of the glass for art packaging or solar collectors, etc.
  • the preparation process is easy to pollute the environment, the finished product is also rough, and the quality is not high. Generally, it is only suitable for normal incidence, and the principle is also an optical anti-reflection film.
  • Dielectric anti-reflection film can not achieve wide frequency and wide angle anti-reflection effect, and has higher parameter requirements and thickness requirements;
  • Gradient structure anti-reflection film can achieve wide frequency and wide angle anti-reflection effect, but the preparation is relatively difficult, and the required thickness is large;
  • Electromagnetic metamaterial anti-reflection film can achieve very thin thickness, but preparation is very difficult, and generally can not achieve wide frequency and wide angle anti-reflection effect.
  • the optical anti-reflection film described above has a disadvantage in common with the non-reflective glass: since the anti-reflection material covers the surface of the material, it is easily destroyed by external environmental factors such as sand and sand.
  • the presenter actively researches and innovates in order to create a new type of wide-angle non-reflective composite material based on impedance matching in the visible light band, which makes it more industrially useful.
  • the object of the present invention is to design an optical frequency band, a wide angle, and a polarization-independent non-reflective transparent composite material.
  • the composite material is based on the impedance matching principle, and realizes a non-reflective transparent property in a large angle range, and the frequency response is better.
  • Wide and easy to prepare, the maintenance cost is also low, not only can be used for solar panels, but also can replace the non-reflective glass for art packaging, reducing environmental pollution.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention provides a wide-angle non-reflective composite material in a visible light band based on impedance matching, which is formed by periodically stacking optical coating materials of two different dielectric constants in one direction.
  • the two optical coating materials are respectively silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide.
  • the two optical coating materials are periodically stacked in an alternating manner.
  • the wide-angle non-reflective composite material based on impedance matching of the present invention is suitable for wide-angle wide-angle visible light waves, and according to the present invention, broadband, wide angle, polarization-independent, ultra-thin can be designed.
  • Optical band ultra-transmissive film; the wide-angle non-reflective composite material based on impedance matching of the present invention has broadband, wide angle, polarization-independent properties, can greatly promote the development of solar cells, has wide application range, and satisfies various aspects.
  • the ultra-transparent film designed according to the present invention has ultra-thinness, can reduce the weight of the device, improve portability, and also saves materials and reduces cost.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an isometric curve distribution of the minimum periodic structure of the present invention in a quarter of a k-space
  • Figure 4 is an isometric graph corresponding to the impedance curve distribution of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 (a) is a structural simulation diagram
  • Figure 5 (b) shows the full-angle transmission response and frequency response when only ⁇ 1 is included
  • Figure 5 (c) shows the transmission of the angle and frequency response when only ⁇ 2 is included;
  • Figure 6 is a graph showing the frequency versus angular response of a composite under both TE(a) and TM(b) polarizations.
  • Broadband, wide-angle ultra-transparent composite means that its impedance can be perfectly matched with the background impedance. Due to the choice of a symmetrical structure, the electric field (or magnetic field) is evenly distributed at its boundary. Definition, using the following relationship to determine the impedance of electromagnetic waves entering the composite
  • Z represents impedance
  • E and H represent electric field and magnetic field strength
  • x represents incident direction
  • y represents vertical Straight to the incident direction
  • z is perpendicular to the xy plane
  • PC indicates the photonic crystals of the material.
  • the air impedance can be obtained by Maxwell's equations.
  • w represents the circular frequency, which represents the magnetic permeability in vacuum.
  • FIG. 5(a) shows the full-angle transmission response and the frequency response (10-layer transmission) when only ⁇ 1 is contained, and FIG. 5(c) shows the angle when only ⁇ 2 is included. Transmission with frequency response (again 10 layers of transmission).
  • the structure can achieve 400 WHz to 600 THz, 0° to 60° wide-bandwidth ultra-permeability for visible light waves, and the transmittance is almost 1, especially Near the 465 THz frequency (shown in Figures 3 and 4), the structural impedance is perfectly matched to the background impedance (air), achieving an ultra-permeability of approximately 0° to 80°.
  • the structure has a significant effect on the external protection package of the solar cell and improves the tolerance of the battery to the environment. At the same time, the thickness is ultra-thin and very light, which greatly reduces the maintenance cost.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
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Abstract

一种基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料，由两种不同介电常数的光学镀膜材料在一个方向上周期性堆叠形成。基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料具有宽频、宽角度、偏振无关的性质，能够用来对太阳能电池进行保护封装，大大减少太阳能电池的维护成本；此外，基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料的厚度薄，可以减少装置的重量，提高便携性，同时也节省了材料，降低了成本。

Description

基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料 技术领域
本发明涉及一种无反射的透明复合材料，尤其涉及一种基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料。
背景技术
一般说来，可见光频段的无反射、完全透明材料的主要是增透减反膜，通过产生反射光波的干涉相消来实现无反射；在微波频段，通过阻抗连续渐变或是电磁共振的方法来实现无反射。但这些增透减反膜通常只能在较窄的波段以及较窄的角度范围内实现无反射和完全透明。此外，增透减反膜是一层覆盖在介质表面的薄膜，很容易由于风沙等外界环境因素而被破坏，真正意义上的无反射透明材料，其阻抗应与背景介质(如空气)完全匹配，从而实现与厚度无关的无反射透明属性。
现有的常见的增透材料主要包括两种：一是光学减反膜，二是无反射玻璃。
光学减反膜：通常光学减反膜可用于太阳能电池，增加透光率，但制作工艺较复杂且精细，适用的角度范围不宽，频率响应也较窄。常见的减反膜主要包括三种：电介质减反膜、渐变结构表面减反膜以及电磁超材料减反膜。电介质减反膜采用干涉相消原理，较易制备，缺点是所需光学厚度至少为四分之一波长，对于长波长的微波段来说，该减反膜往往会比较厚，且一般只能工作在窄频段、窄角度的范围；渐变结构表面减反膜是通过设计表面结构，让入射介质的阻抗连续过渡到出射介质的阻抗，从而减少甚至消除反射波，优点是可以工作在宽频和宽角度的范围，而缺点是厚度一般情况下比较厚，且实际制备难 度较大；电磁超材料减反膜是一种新型的减反膜，基于新型电磁材料，即电磁超材料，通过合适的设计，可以在电磁超材料中产生电共振和磁共振，从而实现反射相消，达到减反的目的，优点是厚度相比于前面的减反膜可以大大减小，而缺点是一般只能工作在窄频段、窄角度的范围，且通常会依赖于入射电磁波的偏振，此外，实际设计和制备难度很大。
无反射玻璃：利用一些金属氧化物浸泡在氟硅酸、二氧化硅过饱和的水溶液中，在玻璃表面形成一层硅质无反射层，用于艺术品封装或是太阳能集热器等，但制备流程易于污染环境，成品也较为粗糙，质量不高，一般只适用于正入射的情况，其原理也是光学减反膜。
现有技术的主要缺点在于：
1.电介质减反膜不能实现宽频率和宽角度的减反效果，且有较高的参数要求和厚度要求；
2.渐变结构减反膜虽然可以实现宽频率和宽角度的减反效果，但制备相对困难，且所需厚度较大；
3.电磁超材料减反膜虽然可以做到很薄的厚度，但制备很困难，且一般不能实现宽频率和宽角度的减反效果。
且上述的光学减反膜与无反射玻璃共有的缺点是：由于增透材料覆盖在材料的表面，很容易由于风沙等外界环境因素而被破坏。
有鉴于上述的缺陷，本设计人，积极加以研究创新，以期创设一种新型结构的基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料，使其更具有产业上的利用价值。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是设计光频段、宽角度、与偏振无关的无反射透明复合材料，该复合材料基于阻抗匹配原理，实现大角度范围内的无反射透明属性，频率响应较宽且易于制备，维护成本也较低，不仅可以用于太阳能电池板，还能替代无反射玻璃进行艺术品封装，减少环境污染。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是提供一种基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料，由两种不同介电常数的光学镀膜材料在一个方向上周期性堆叠形成。
进一步的，两所述光学镀膜材料分别为二氧化硅、二氧化钛。
进一步的，两所述光学镀膜材料按交替方式周期性堆叠。
借由上述方案，本发明的基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料，适用于较宽频段宽角度的可见光波，根据本发明，可以设计出宽频、宽角度、偏振无关、超薄的光波段超透膜；由于本发明的基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料具有宽频、宽角度、偏振无关的性质，能够极大促进太阳能电池的发展，适用范围广泛，满足多方面的需求；此外，根据本发明设计的超透膜具有超薄性，可以减少装置的重量，提高便携性，同时也节省了材料，降低了成本。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的最小周期的结构示意图；
图3是本发明的最小周期结构在四分之一个k空间中的等阻抗曲线分布；
图4是图3等阻抗曲线分布对应的等频率曲线图；
图5(a)是结构模拟图，图5(b)表示仅含ε1时的全角度透射响应与频率响应，图5(c)表示仅含ε2时的角度与频率响应的透射情况；
图6是复合材料在TE(a)和TM(b)两种偏振波下的频率与角度响应透射图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
本发明一较佳实施例所述的一种基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料，由二氧化硅(SiO2，介电常数为ε1＝2.132)与二氧化钛(TiO2，介电常数为ε2＝5.522)在一个方向上按交替方式周期性堆叠形成。如图1所示，二氧化硅与二氧化钛材料排布为ABABABABA·······，只在z方向上呈周期排列，dAB＝a，a指周期长度。
为测试电磁波进入本发明的复合材料时的阻抗，用COMSOL Multiphysics软件来进行理论模拟，它是一款以有限元法为基础的多物理场模拟软件。
为简化运算，我选取出一个最小周期性重复单元来进行研究，如图2所示。
宽频、宽角度的超透复合材料即意味着其阻抗能与背景阻抗完全匹配，由于选取的是一种对称结构，电场(或磁场)在其边界处的分布是均匀的，依据电动力学对阻抗的定义，用如下关系式来求出电磁波进入该复合材料时的阻抗
                                   (1)
Z表示阻抗，E、H分别表示电场和磁场强度，x表示入射方向，y表示垂 直于入射方向，z垂直于xy平面，PC表示该材料的简称光子晶体(Photonic Crystals)。同时空气阻抗可以通过麦克斯韦方程组求得
                                    (2)
w表示圆频率，表示真空中的磁导率，图3为该周期结构在四分之一个k空间中的等阻抗曲线分布，可以看到，黑色最深处的区域即代表光子晶体阻抗与空气阻抗相等的地方，对应到该结构的等频率曲线中，如图4所示，其中颜色深浅表示频率大小，黑实线表示阻抗完全匹配时的频(f＝1.75e6*c＝5.25e14Hz，c＝3e8)，在图4横轴上0.4至0.6范围内的频率也几乎可以使得其阻抗与空气基本匹配，实现在光频段对光波的宽角度宽频任意偏振的无反射透明属性。
参见图5(a)所示的是结构模拟图，周期a＝0.25μm，其中浅灰色表示ε1部分，ε1＝2.132，d1＝0.6a，深灰色表示ε2部分，ε2＝5.522，d2＝0.4a，θ表示入射角，图5(b)表示仅含ε1时的全角度透射响应与频率响应(10层透射)，图5(c)表示仅含ε2时的角度与频率响应的透射情况(同样是10层透射)。可以看到在可见光波段，仅两种介质(即光学镀膜材料)时的透射并不连续，高Z透部分的角度也很窄，而当把两种介质排布成如图5(a)这样的周期结构时(10层堆叠)，频率间的透射不连续可以消除一部分，相应的超透角度范围也变宽，如图60所示。可以看到，只需将两种介质在一个方向上进行周期堆叠后，该结构对于可见光波能实现400THz至600THz、0°至60°的宽频宽角度超透，透射率几乎为1，尤其是在465THz频率附近(图3和图4所示)，该结构阻抗与背景阻抗(空气)完全匹配，实现近0°至80°的超透。
根据本发明形成的多层介质薄膜的制备较容易，选取的材料主要是二氧化 硅(SiO2，ε1＝2.132)，二氧化钛(TiO2，ε2＝5.522)，均是常用的光学镀膜材料，该结构对于太阳能电池外部保护封装，提高电池对环境的耐受性有显著的作用，同时厚度超薄，十分轻便，大大降低了维护成本。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，并不用于限制本发明，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料，其特征在于：由两种不同介电常数的光学镀膜材料在一个方向上周期性堆叠形成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料，其特征在于：两所述光学镀膜材料分别为二氧化硅、二氧化钛。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料，其特征在于：两所述光学镀膜材料按交替方式周期性堆叠。
PCT/CN2015/094991 2015-11-04 2015-11-19 基于阻抗匹配的可见光波段宽角度无反射复合材料 Ceased WO2017075846A1 (zh)

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