WO2017075727A1 - Reticulated anchoring system for aquaculture - Google Patents

Reticulated anchoring system for aquaculture Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017075727A1
WO2017075727A1 PCT/CL2016/000068 CL2016000068W WO2017075727A1 WO 2017075727 A1 WO2017075727 A1 WO 2017075727A1 CL 2016000068 W CL2016000068 W CL 2016000068W WO 2017075727 A1 WO2017075727 A1 WO 2017075727A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
line
ropes
attached
cross
anchoring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CL2016/000068
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Walter Francisco Alfredo Buschmann Schirmer
Original Assignee
Walter Francisco Alfredo Buschmann Schirmer
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Filing date
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Application filed by Walter Francisco Alfredo Buschmann Schirmer filed Critical Walter Francisco Alfredo Buschmann Schirmer
Publication of WO2017075727A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017075727A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
    • A01K61/65—Connecting or mooring devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/04—Fastening or guiding equipment for chains, ropes, hawsers, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B34/00—Vessels specially adapted for water sports or leisure; Body-supporting devices specially adapted for water sports or leisure
    • B63B34/05—Vessels specially adapted for hunting or fishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/14—Fishing vessels
    • B63B35/24—Fish holds
    • B63B35/26—Fish holds for live fish
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
    • F16G11/00—Means for fastening cables or ropes to one another or to other objects; Caps or sleeves for fixing on cables or ropes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the present invention is framed within the field of aquaculture and refers to a system of restraint, damping and retention of nets to stop the attack of predators, such as lobera net, for the protection of the nets that are part of a cage for Fish farming
  • the culture centers are formed by a series of cages formed by rings or flotation structures, which float on the surface of the body of water in which they are anchored and from which hangs a cultivation network, such as a fish tank, that surrounds a certain area, configured by the perimeter that forms the structure of the cage, thus forming a growing area where the fish are found.
  • a cultivation network such as a fish tank
  • protective nets of the fish nets are used, which are installed around the culture networks, or fish nets, in order to establish a safety perimeter for the crop cages where it is located Fish farming
  • a anchorage system formed by a series of anchorage lines in which anchors or dead weights are used, floats among other types of accessories that grant the necessary rigidity and flexion to the networks that make up a culture cage.
  • the protective nets are generally hung at a distance of at least 5 meters from the fish net, and which are removed from the fish net by ropes or tensioners that are fixed to connectors arranged in the networks and that are fixed to the anchors or dead weights fixed to the bed or seabed.
  • vertical or horizontal slings are arranged.
  • This configuration of a protective network implies that a large number of external installation tensioners, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the protective network, are used to achieve resistance and distance from said protective network from the fish tank. that they should work evenly with each other, in order to keep the protective net away from the fishnet, to achieve effective protection of fish from predators.
  • tensioners and elements that are arranged and that form a protection network against predators, from the fish nets they will not be able to maintain a necessary rigidity of the protective net to prevent it from being pushed by predators, in particular sea lions , and can tear, said fishbowl and lobera nets, or reach the fish confined in the area determined by the culture cage.
  • the primary object of the invention is a cross-linking or lattice system of ropes or lines that gives the necessary rigidity and flexibility to a protection network against natural predators as well as to a fish tank network of a fish culture system, in the form of prevent predators from reaching the fish confined in the farming area.
  • a second objective of the invention is to provide a longer useful life of the protective net, of the culture net by better decomposing the tension forces exerted on it by currents, waves and predators.
  • a third objective of the invention is to provide, with greater ease of installation and maintenance of a protective network, in order to facilitate the operation, arrangement and maintenance, to reduce the costs of implementation and maintenance.
  • the invention of the present application provides a cross-linking system (3) that is arranged and being used with a cage (1) for the cultivation of fish, formed by a floating structure from which a fish net that encloses a circle surrounds and surrounds volume of water in which the fish are grown, a net against predators (2), also called the wolf net, surrounds the fish net, is used to prevent predators from breaking or pushing the fish nets to access the fish that are found in said cultivation area, which is arranged at a distance from the fish net, surrounding the entire perimeter thereof, where the cross-linking system (3) is attached and is part of a funding system (4) of the cage (1) for the cultivation of fish, and is configured by a series of horizontal (5) and vertical (6) ropes, ropes or lines linked together by a series of connecting elements or pieces to form a network of ropes, ropes or l neas.
  • a cross-linking system (3) that is arranged and being used with a cage (1) for the cultivation of fish, formed by a floating structure from which
  • Figure 1.- corresponds to a top view in lateral perspective of the cross-linking system of the invention.
  • Figure 2.- corresponds to a lateral front view of a section of the cross-linking system of the invention.
  • Figure 3.- corresponds to a detailed side view of the cross-linking system of the invention.
  • Figure 4.- corresponds to a top side perspective view of a cross-linking system of the invention being used with a square cage.
  • Figure 5.- corresponds to a side view of a first mode of the anchoring system of the cross-linking system of the invention.
  • Figure 6.- corresponds to a side view of a second embodiment of the anchoring system of the cross-linking system of the invention.
  • the invention corresponds to a cross-linking system (3), as seen in Figure 1, where said cross-linking system is arranged and being used with a round cage (1) for fish culture, formed by a floating structure from which a fish net hangs and surrounds that encloses a volume of water in which the fish are grown.
  • a net against predators (2) also known as the wolf net, is normally used, which is arranged at a distance from the fish net, surrounding the entire perimeter of the fish net, where said Red Lobera (2) is attached to the anchoring system of the cage for fish farming.
  • the invention consists of a cross-linking system (3) which is arranged surrounding the lobe network (2), where said cross-linking system is attached and is part of the anchoring system (4) of the cage (1) for the cultivation of fishes.
  • the cross-linked system (3) is formed by a series of ends joined together horizontally and vertically and separated from each other forming a line cross-link.
  • the cross-linking system (3) of the invention comprises horizontal lines or lines (5) and vertical lines or lines (6) linked together by a series of elements to form a network of capes
  • the crosslinked system (3) is arranged at a certain distance from the surface of the water body as well as at a certain distance from the lobe network (2), and is formed by a first horizontal line or line (5) arranged at a certain distance of the surface of the body of water, where at its ends it has a guard that forms a closed loop that is attached to a shackle (9) and where said shackle is attached to a distribution plate (8) of lines or ends, which they are arranged at the vertices of the crosslinked system.
  • a vertical line or line (6) is connected to the distribution plate (8) by a shackle that is attached to an end with guard of said vertical line, such that said vertical line hangs towards the depth of the water body.
  • a line distribution part (7) having a shape that allows the lines to pass through said part (7), as seen in the detail of figure 2b, where it is shown, in this case, that a horizontal line or end (5) passes through said distribution part (7) or a line or end is tied in said distribution part (7), which in this case a vertical line or end (6 ) is tied to said piece (7).
  • the cross-linked system (3) is circling the fish net (1) and the wolf net (2) as well as having the same depth as said networks, where Figure 2 represents one of the sides of the cross-linking system, the which basically is formed by a perimeter network of vertical and horizontal lines or ropes and an intermediate framework also formed by a series of vertical and horizontal lines or ropes.
  • the crosslinked system (3) is part of the anchoring system (4) of the cage (1) and the wolf net (2), which is formed by a series of lines or ropes (11, 15, 16, 18) of anchorage joined together in a particular arrangement as seen in said figure, where the cross-linked system comprises a buoy (14) connected by a chain and a shackle to the distribution plate (8) of the part superior or that is closer to the surface of the water body of the crosslinked system, in this way the buoy supports and keeps the crosslinked system in place.
  • An anchor line or rope (16) is attached to the distribution plate
  • a counterweight (13) is connected through a shackle to a line distribution part (7) of the cross-linked system so that said counterweight manages to maintain the vertical system in its vertical position. reticulated circling the wolf net (2) and the fish tank net of the cage (1).
  • a line or rope (11) is joined to form a system for damping forces of the anchoring line, which is exited perpendicular to the cross-linking system and where one end of said line or rope (11) is attached or tied to a ring (12) to which a counterweight (13) is also attached.
  • a rope or line (20) comes out that is tied or attached at one end to the ring (12) and at the other end is attached or tied to another ring (12), where said ring is attached or fixed to the distribution part (17) of anchoring lines, in this way the set of lines or ropes (11, 20) and the rings (12) form a damping line of the anchoring line that is defined by the line or ropes (15, 16), buoy (14) and distribution piece of the anchoring lines (17) to which a counterweight (13) is also attached.
  • An anchoring line or rope (18) is attached or fixed to the anchoring line distribution piece (17) by one of its ends and where at the other end said rope or anchoring line will be attached or fixed to an element of anchoring, such as a deadweight or anchor anchor.
  • cross-linked system (3) is formed, as can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, from the line distribution parts (7, 10) they leave horizontally and perpendicular to said cross-linking system (3) lines or ropes (19) that will be attached to the wolf net (2) as well as to the fish tank net of the fish culture cage (1).
  • the anchorage lines of the funding system are fixed both to the wolf network (2) and to the cage structure for growing fish (1), so that the crosslinked system completely surrounds said structures, and which is schematically illustrated in Figures 1 and 4, where it can clearly be seen that the shape of the cage does not constitute any impediment in the use of the crosslinking system (3).
  • FIG. 5 and 6 An anchoring system (4) that is used in the crosslinking system (3) of the present invention, by way of example is illustrated in different embodiments in Figures 5 and 6, which comprises a series of lines or ropes of anchoring joined together in a particular arrangement as seen in said figures, where the cross-linking system (3) is joined by tensioning elements (19) that are attached to distribution pieces (10) of the ropes that form the trusses, as well as tensioners (22) are attached to the buoys (21) that are part of the anchoring system (4), so that said tensioning elements are configured to be attached to both the fish tank net of the cage ( 1) as to the wolf network (2) so as to retain and stop said nets in their place, giving them resistance and flexibility, so that they are not affected by the action of conditions of sea currents, waves and adverse weather conditions, keeping the volume and cultivation area defined by the three-dimensional shape of said structure.
  • a float (21) that has a body that partially floats on the surface of the body of water (23), where a line leaves from said buoy , anchoring rope or rope (24) connected by one end to the buoy (21) and by the opposite end to a line distribution piece (17), from which a counterweight (13) hangs, which allows said line (24 ) along a line with an inclined arrangement descending from the surface of the body of water (23) towards the seabed, where an anchoring element, such as a dead weight or an anchor, is anchored, and to which a rope is fixed , line or end (18) that are connected at one end to the line distribution part (17), to define a funding line.
  • an anchoring element such as a dead weight or an anchor
  • a rope, end or anchoring line (11) is attached, which leaves to move away from the lattice (3).
  • a counterweight (13) that is attached to the distribution piece (7) and hangs thereon towards the seabed to keep the rope framework (3) upright.
  • the anchoring line (1) is joined to form a damping line of the tensile forces that are exerted on the anchoring system (4), where said damping anchoring line (11) exits perpendicular to the bottommost part of the framework (3), and where one end of said line or rope (11) is joined or tied to a ring (12) to which a counterweight (13) is also attached.
  • a rope or line (20) comes out that is tied or attached at one end to the ring (12 ) and at its opposite end is attached or fixed to the line distribution part (17).
  • a float (21) that has a body that partially floats on the surface of the body of water (23), where a line leaves from said buoy , anchoring rope or rope (24) connected by one end to the buoy (21) and by the opposite end to a line distribution piece (17), from which a counterweight (13) hangs, which allows said line (24 ) along a line with an inclined arrangement descending from the surface of the body of water (23) towards the seabed, where an anchoring element, such as a dead weight or an anchor, is anchored, and to which a rope is fixed , line or end (18) that are connected at one end to the line distribution part (17), to define a funding line.
  • an anchoring element such as a dead weight or an anchor
  • a rope, rope or anchor line (11) is attached ), which leaves to move away from the fabric (3).
  • a counterweight (13) that is attached to the distribution piece (7) and hangs on it towards the seabed to achieve maintaining in a vertical position to the rope network (3).
  • the anchoring line (11) is joined to form a damping line of the tensile forces that are exerted on the anchoring system (4), where said damping anchoring line (11) exits perpendicular to the bottommost part of the framework (3), and where one end of said line or rope (11) is joined or tied to a ring (12) to which a counterweight (13) is also attached.
  • a rope or line (20) comes out that is tied or attached at one end to the ring (12 ) and at its opposite end is attached or fixed to the line distribution part (17).
  • This embodiment of the invention comprises at least one additional intermediate tensioning line (25), which is connected at one end to the line distribution part (17), and where the opposite end is joined or fixed, either through a branch (26) of said line (25) to the distribution parts (10), which form the network of the cross-linking system (3).
  • the crosslinked system (3) of the invention provides a more homogeneous decomposition of forces and a more controlled elasticity than the traditional fish culture system, which is achieved by the decomposition of forces by counterweights and the branching of one or more lines. of anchorage, since said line that is formed with the counterweights works as a force damper, decreasing the anchor force pick in the anchoring system, since the anchoring line is broken.
  • This cross-linking system (3) provides an optimal restraint system, supporting the fish and lobera nets of the fish culture system, maintaining the separation between the nets, achieving that by forming and configuring said cross-linking system, move the fishnet net set and wolf by the action of the currents maintained its volume and general disposition in the body of the water, thus allowing to avoid that the predators can reach the fish either by pushing the wolf net or by tearing it.
  • This better subjection and distribution of forces that is achieved in the cultivation system allows to reduce the risks of collapse of the anchoring system, due to the cutting of the lines, since it improves the distribution of the tension forces of the system, making it maintain the volume defined by the fishnet network thus allowing to improve the oxygenation of the fish by improving the flow of water within the volume defined by the fish tank and the organization of the fish within that defined volume, by effectively maintaining the volume defined by the fish tank net cage set.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a reticulated system of ropes or cords for fish-farming cages, formed by a floating structure from which hangs a surrounding fishing net that encloses a volume of water for farming fish, and a net that protects against predators, also called a seal net, disposed at a distance from the fishing net and surrounding the entire perimeter thereof. The reticulated system is joined to, and forms part of, a system for anchoring the cage, and is configured by a series of horizontal and vertical ropes, cords or lines connected together to form a lattice of ropes, cords or lines.

Description

Sistema reticulado de fondeo para acuicultura.  Cross-linked funding system for aquaculture.
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se enmarca dentro del campo de la acuicultura y se refiere a un sistema de sujeción, amortiguación y retención de redes para detener el ataque de depredadores, tal como red lobera, para la protección de las redes que forman parte de una jaula para el cultivo de peces. The present invention is framed within the field of aquaculture and refers to a system of restraint, damping and retention of nets to stop the attack of predators, such as lobera net, for the protection of the nets that are part of a cage for Fish farming
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Uno de los problemas que enfrenta la industria acuícola son las pérdidas relacionadas con el ataque de depredadores naturales a los centros de cultivos de peces, tal como lobos marinos. One of the problems facing the aquaculture industry is the losses related to the attack of natural predators to fish farming centers, such as sea lions.
Los centros de cultivos se encuentran conformados por una serie de jaulas formadas por anillos o estructuras de flotación, que flotan sobre la superficie del cuerpo de agua en el cual se encuentran fondeados y del cual pende una red de cultivo, tal como una red pecera, que circunda un área determinada, configurada por el perímetro que forma la estructura de la jaula, formando así un área de cultivo en donde se encuentran los peces. The culture centers are formed by a series of cages formed by rings or flotation structures, which float on the surface of the body of water in which they are anchored and from which hangs a cultivation network, such as a fish tank, that surrounds a certain area, configured by the perimeter that forms the structure of the cage, thus forming a growing area where the fish are found.
En la actualidad para evitar el ataque de dichos depredadores son utilizadas redes protectoras de las redes peceras, que son instaladas alrededor de las redes de cultivo, o redes peceras, de forma de establecer un perímetro de seguridad para las jaulas de cultivos en donde se encuentra el cultivo de peces. At present, to prevent the attack of these predators, protective nets of the fish nets are used, which are installed around the culture networks, or fish nets, in order to establish a safety perimeter for the crop cages where it is located Fish farming
Para fijar las jaulas de cultivo en su lugar es utilizado un sistema de fondeo, formado por una serie de líneas de fondeo en la cuales son utilizadas anclas o pesos muertos, flotadores entre otros tipo de accesorios que otorgan la rigidez y flexión necesaria a las redes que conforman una jaula de cultivo. Las redes protectoras, generalmente son colgadas a una distancia a lo menos de 5 metros desde la red pecera, y las cuales son alejadas desde la red pecera mediante cuerdas o tensores que se fijan a conectores dispuestos en las redes y que se fijan hacia las anclas o pesos muertos fijados al lecho o fondo marino. Para dar una resistencia estructural a las redes protectoras, son dispuestas relingas verticales u horizontales. In order to fix the culture cages in place a anchorage system is used, formed by a series of anchorage lines in which anchors or dead weights are used, floats among other types of accessories that grant the necessary rigidity and flexion to the networks that make up a culture cage. The protective nets are generally hung at a distance of at least 5 meters from the fish net, and which are removed from the fish net by ropes or tensioners that are fixed to connectors arranged in the networks and that are fixed to the anchors or dead weights fixed to the bed or seabed. To give a structural resistance to the protective nets, vertical or horizontal slings are arranged.
Esta configuración de red protectora, normalmente utilizada en la industria acuícola, implica que para lograr una resistencia y alejamiento de dicha red protectora desde la red pecera sean utilizado una gran cantidad de tensores de instalación exteriores, paralelos sí y perpendiculares a la red protectora, los que deberían de trabajar en forma pareja entre ellos, de forma de mantener alejada la red protectora desde la red pecera, para lograr una protección efectiva de los peces desde los depredadores. This configuration of a protective network, normally used in the aquaculture industry, implies that a large number of external installation tensioners, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the protective network, are used to achieve resistance and distance from said protective network from the fish tank. that they should work evenly with each other, in order to keep the protective net away from the fishnet, to achieve effective protection of fish from predators.
No obstante la cantidad de tensores y elementos que son dispuestos y que conforman una red de protección contra depredadores, desde las redes peceras, no lograran mantener una rigidez necesaria de la red protectora para evitar que esta sea empujada por los depredadores, en particular lobos marinos, y puedan rasgar, dichas redes pecera y lobera, o bien alcanzar los peces confinados en el área determinada por la jaula de cultivo. Despite the amount of tensioners and elements that are arranged and that form a protection network against predators, from the fish nets, they will not be able to maintain a necessary rigidity of the protective net to prevent it from being pushed by predators, in particular sea lions , and can tear, said fishbowl and lobera nets, or reach the fish confined in the area determined by the culture cage.
Por lo tanto existe la necesidad de un sistema que permita mantener más estable la forma de las redes protectoras y peceras, al ser deformadas por las corrientes marinas, olas y depredadores naturales, de forma evitar en forma efectiva que dichos depredadores puedan comprimir, empujar o bien rasgar tanto la red protectora como la red pecera, para evitar de esta forma que los peces en cultivo sea depredados. RESUMEN DE LA INVENCIÓN Therefore, there is a need for a system that allows to keep the shape of the protective nets and fish tanks more stable, as they are deformed by marine currents, waves and natural predators, effectively preventing such predators from compressing, pushing or either tear both the protective net and the fish net, to avoid in this way that the fish in culture is predated. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
El objeto primario de la invención, es un sistema de reticulado o entramado de cuerdas o líneas que otorgue la rigidez y flexibilidad necesaria a una red de protección contra depredadores naturales así como a una red pecera de un sistema de cultivo de peces, de forma de evitar que los depredadores puedan alcanzar los peces confinados en el área de cultivo. The primary object of the invention is a cross-linking or lattice system of ropes or lines that gives the necessary rigidity and flexibility to a protection network against natural predators as well as to a fish tank network of a fish culture system, in the form of prevent predators from reaching the fish confined in the farming area.
Un segundo objetivo de la invención es proporcionar mayor vida útil de la red protectora, de la red de cultivo al descomponer de mejor forma las fuerzas de tensión que ejercen sobre esta las corrientes, olas y depredadores. A second objective of the invention is to provide a longer useful life of the protective net, of the culture net by better decomposing the tension forces exerted on it by currents, waves and predators.
Un tercer objetivo de la invención es proporcionar, mayor facilidad de instalación y mantención de una red protectora, de forma de facilitar la operación, disposición y mantención, para disminuir los costos de implementación y mantención. A third objective of the invention is to provide, with greater ease of installation and maintenance of a protective network, in order to facilitate the operation, arrangement and maintenance, to reduce the costs of implementation and maintenance.
La invención de la presente solicitud proporciona un sistema de reticulado (3) que se encuentra dispuesto y siendo utilizado con una jaula (1 ) para el cultivo de peces, formada por una estructura flotante de la cual pende y circunda una red pecera que encierra un volumen de agua en el cual son cultivado los peces, una red contra depredadores (2), también denominada red lobera, circunda a la red pecera, es utilizada para evitar que depredadores rompan o empujen las redes peceras para acceder a los peces que se encuentran en dicha área de cultivo, la cual es dispuesta a una distancia desde la red pecera, rodeando todo el perímetro de ésta, donde el sistema de reticulado (3) se encuentra unido y es parte de un sistema de fondeo (4) de la jaula (1) para el cultivo de peces, y es configurado por una serie de cabos, cuerdas o líneas horizontales (5) y verticales (6) vinculados entre sí mediante una serie de elementos o piezas de unión para formar un entramado de cabos, cuerdas o líneas. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS The invention of the present application provides a cross-linking system (3) that is arranged and being used with a cage (1) for the cultivation of fish, formed by a floating structure from which a fish net that encloses a circle surrounds and surrounds volume of water in which the fish are grown, a net against predators (2), also called the wolf net, surrounds the fish net, is used to prevent predators from breaking or pushing the fish nets to access the fish that are found in said cultivation area, which is arranged at a distance from the fish net, surrounding the entire perimeter thereof, where the cross-linking system (3) is attached and is part of a funding system (4) of the cage (1) for the cultivation of fish, and is configured by a series of horizontal (5) and vertical (6) ropes, ropes or lines linked together by a series of connecting elements or pieces to form a network of ropes, ropes or l neas. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de la realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de la descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado la invención. In order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, according to a preferred example of the practical embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of the description where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, has represented the invention.
La figura 1.- corresponde a una vista superior en perspectiva lateral del sistema de reticulado de la invención. Figure 1.- corresponds to a top view in lateral perspective of the cross-linking system of the invention.
La figura 2.- corresponde a una vista frontal lateral de un tramo del sistema de reticulado de la invención. Figure 2.- corresponds to a lateral front view of a section of the cross-linking system of the invention.
La figura 3.- corresponde a una vista lateral en detalle del sistema de reticulado de la invención. Figure 3.- corresponds to a detailed side view of the cross-linking system of the invention.
La figura 4.- corresponde a una vista en perspectiva lateral superior de un sistema de reticulado de la invención siendo utilizado con una jaula cuadrada. Figure 4.- corresponds to a top side perspective view of a cross-linking system of the invention being used with a square cage.
La figura 5.- corresponde a un vista lateral de una primera modalidad del sistema de fondeo del sistema de reticulado de la invención. Figure 5.- corresponds to a side view of a first mode of the anchoring system of the cross-linking system of the invention.
La figura 6.- corresponde a un vista lateral de una segunda modalidad del sistema de fondeo del sistema de reticulado de la invención. REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCION Figure 6.- corresponds to a side view of a second embodiment of the anchoring system of the cross-linking system of the invention. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
La invención corresponde a un sistema de reticulado (3), tal como se observa en la figura 1 , donde dicho sistema de reticulado se encuentra dispuesto y siendo utilizado con una jaula (1) redonda para el cultivo de peces, formada por una estructura flotante de la cual pende y circunda una red pecera que encierra un volumen de agua en el cual son cultivado los peces. Para evitar que depredadores rompan las redes peceras de la jaula normalmente es utilizada una red contra depredadores (2), también denominada red lobera, la cual es dispuesta a una distancia desde la red pecera, rodeando todo el perímetro de la red pecera, donde dicha red lobera (2) es unida al sistema de fondeo de la jaula para el cultivo de peces. The invention corresponds to a cross-linking system (3), as seen in Figure 1, where said cross-linking system is arranged and being used with a round cage (1) for fish culture, formed by a floating structure from which a fish net hangs and surrounds that encloses a volume of water in which the fish are grown. In order to prevent predators from breaking the fish tank nets of the cage, a net against predators (2), also known as the wolf net, is normally used, which is arranged at a distance from the fish net, surrounding the entire perimeter of the fish net, where said Red Lobera (2) is attached to the anchoring system of the cage for fish farming.
La invención consiste en un sistema de reticulado (3) que es dispuesto rodeando la red lobera (2), donde dicho sistema de reticulado se encuentra unido y es parte del sistema de fondeo (4) de la jaula (1) para el cultivo de peces. The invention consists of a cross-linking system (3) which is arranged surrounding the lobe network (2), where said cross-linking system is attached and is part of the anchoring system (4) of the cage (1) for the cultivation of fishes.
El sistema reticulado (3) se encuentra formado por una serie de cabos unidos entre si tanto en forma horizontal como vertical y separados entre sí formando un reticulado de cabos. Tal como se ilustra en la figura 2 en detalle, el sistema de reticulado (3) de la invención comprende cabos o líneas horizontales (5) y cabos o líneas verticales (6) vinculados entre sí mediante una serie de elementos para formar un entramado de cabos. El sistema reticulado (3) es dispuesta a una cierta distancia desde la superficie del cuerpo de agua así como a una cierta distancia desde la red lobera (2), y es formado por una primera línea o cabo horizontal (5) dispuesto a cierta distancia de la superficie del cuerpo de agua, donde en sus extremos posee un guarda cabo que forma un bucle cerrado que es unido a un grillete (9) y donde dicho grillete es unido a un palto de distribución (8) de líneas o cabos, que son dispuesto en los vértices del sistema reticulado. Una línea o cabo vertical (6) es unida al plato de distribución (8) mediante un grillete que es unido a un extremo con guarda cabo de dicha línea vertical, de forma tal que dicha línea vertical pende hacia la profundidad del cuerpo de agua. A través de la longitud de la línea vertical son dispuestas al menos una pieza de distribución de líneas (7) que poseen una forma tal que permiten que las líneas pasen a través de dicha pieza (7), tal como se observa en el detalle de la figura 2b, donde se muestra, en este caso, que una línea o cabo horizontal (5) pasa a través de dicha pieza de distribución (7) o bien una línea o cabo sea amarrado en dicha pieza de distribución (7), que en este caso una línea o cabo vertical (6) se encuentra amarrada a dicha pieza (7). Mediante la disposición de una serie de dicha piezas de distribuciónThe cross-linked system (3) is formed by a series of ends joined together horizontally and vertically and separated from each other forming a line cross-link. As illustrated in Figure 2 in detail, the cross-linking system (3) of the invention comprises horizontal lines or lines (5) and vertical lines or lines (6) linked together by a series of elements to form a network of capes The crosslinked system (3) is arranged at a certain distance from the surface of the water body as well as at a certain distance from the lobe network (2), and is formed by a first horizontal line or line (5) arranged at a certain distance of the surface of the body of water, where at its ends it has a guard that forms a closed loop that is attached to a shackle (9) and where said shackle is attached to a distribution plate (8) of lines or ends, which they are arranged at the vertices of the crosslinked system. A vertical line or line (6) is connected to the distribution plate (8) by a shackle that is attached to an end with guard of said vertical line, such that said vertical line hangs towards the depth of the water body. Through the length of the vertical line are arranged at least one line distribution part (7) having a shape that allows the lines to pass through said part (7), as seen in the detail of figure 2b, where it is shown, in this case, that a horizontal line or end (5) passes through said distribution part (7) or a line or end is tied in said distribution part (7), which in this case a vertical line or end (6 ) is tied to said piece (7). By arranging a series of said distribution parts
(7) a lo largo de las líneas o cabos horizontal y vertical (5, 6) se forma el sistema reticulado, donde además es utilizada otro pieza de distribución de líneas (10) que permite formar el entramado interior del sistema de reticulado, y donde dicha pieza de distribución de líneas (10) se encuentra configurada de forma tal que permite que las líneas o cabos horizontales y verticales (5, 6) pasen a través de dicha pieza (10) para formar el entramado intermedio del sistema de reticulado permitiendo así un movimiento de las líneas que pasan a través de dicha pieza, dando mayor flexibilidad al sistema de reticulado. (7) along the horizontal and vertical lines or capes (5, 6) the cross-linked system is formed, where another line distribution piece (10) is also used that allows the internal network of the cross-linking system to be formed, and wherein said line distribution part (10) is configured in such a way that it allows horizontal and vertical lines or ends (5, 6) to pass through said part (10) to form the intermediate lattice of the cross-linking system allowing thus a movement of the lines that pass through said piece, giving greater flexibility to the crosslinking system.
El sistema reticulado (3) se encuentra circundando la red pecera (1) y la red lobera (2) así como también posee la misma profundidad que dichas redes, donde la figura N° 2 representa uno de los lados del sistema de reticulado, el cual básicamente se encuentra formado por un entramado de línea o cuerdas verticales y horizontales perimetrales y un entramado intermedio formado también por una serie de líneas o cuerdas verticales y horizontales. The cross-linked system (3) is circling the fish net (1) and the wolf net (2) as well as having the same depth as said networks, where Figure 2 represents one of the sides of the cross-linking system, the which basically is formed by a perimeter network of vertical and horizontal lines or ropes and an intermediate framework also formed by a series of vertical and horizontal lines or ropes.
Haciendo referencia a la figura 3 el sistema reticulado (3) es parte del sistema de fondeo (4) de la jaula (1) y la red lobera (2), el cual se encuentra formado por una serie de líneas o cuerdas (11 , 15, 16, 18) de fondeo unidas entre sí en una disposición particular tal como se observa en dicha figura, donde el sistema reticulado comprende una boya (14) unida mediante una cadena y un grillete al plato de distribución (8) de la parte superior o que se encuentra más cercana a la superficie del cuerpo de agua del sistema reticulado, de esta forma la boya sustenta y mantiene en su lugar al sistema de reticulado. Una línea o cuerda de fondeo (16) es unida al plato de distribuciónReferring to Figure 3, the crosslinked system (3) is part of the anchoring system (4) of the cage (1) and the wolf net (2), which is formed by a series of lines or ropes (11, 15, 16, 18) of anchorage joined together in a particular arrangement as seen in said figure, where the cross-linked system comprises a buoy (14) connected by a chain and a shackle to the distribution plate (8) of the part superior or that is closer to the surface of the water body of the crosslinked system, in this way the buoy supports and keeps the crosslinked system in place. An anchor line or rope (16) is attached to the distribution plate
(8) , que forma la parte superior del sistema reticulado, saliendo en forma perpendicular al sistema de reticulado (3) uniendo un extremo de dicha línea de fondeo (16) mediante un grillete (9) al plato de distribución y el otro extremo a una cadena que se encuentra unida a una boya (14) que mantiene a la línea de fondeo (16) a una distancia desde la superficie del cuerpo del agua, una segunda línea de fondeo (15) a través de un extremo es unido a un extremo de la cadena de la boya (14) y el otro extremo de dicha segunda línea de fondeo (15) es unida a una pieza de distribución de líneas de fondeo (17). Desde la parte inferior o más de fondo del sistema reticulado es unido a través de un grillete a una pieza de distribución de líneas (7) del sistema reticulado un contrapeso (13) de forma que dicho contrapeso logra mantener en su posición vertical al sistema de reticulado circundando la red lobera (2) y la red pecera de la jaula (1 ). Desde la pieza de distribución de línea (7) del sistema reticulado, en donde se encuentra unido el contrapeso (13) es unida una línea o cuerda (11 ) para formar un sistema de amortiguación de fuerzas de la línea de fondeo, que se sale en forma perpendicular al sistema de reticulado y donde un extremo de dicha línea o cuerda (11) es unida o amarrado a un anillo (12) al cual también es unido un contrapeso (13). Desde el anillo (12) siguiendo la dirección de la línea o cuerda (11), sale una cuerda o línea (20) que es amarrado o unida por un extremo al anillo (12) y por el otro extremo es unida o amarrada a otro anillo (12), donde dicho anillo es unido o fijado a la pieza de distribución (17) de líneas de fondeo, de esta forma el conjunto de líneas o cuerdas (11 , 20) y los anillos (12) forman una línea de amortiguación de la línea de fondeo que es definida por la línea o cuerdas (15, 16), boya (14) y pieza de distribución de las líneas de fondeo (17) a la cual además es unido un contrapeso (13). Una línea o cuerda de fondeo (18) es unida o fijada a la pieza de distribución de líneas de fondeo (17) por uno de sus extremos y donde por el otro extremo será unida o fijada dicha cuerda o línea de fondeo a un elemento de fondeo, tal como un peso muerto o bien un ancla de fondeo. (8), which forms the upper part of the crosslinked system, leaving perpendicular to the crosslinking system (3) joining one end of said line of anchoring (16) by means of a shackle (9) to the distribution plate and the other end to a chain that is attached to a buoy (14) that keeps the anchoring line (16) at a distance from the surface of the body of the water, a second anchoring line (15) through one end is attached to one end of the buoy chain (14) and the other end of said second anchoring line (15) is attached to a distribution part of anchoring lines (17). From the bottom or more bottom of the cross-linked system, a counterweight (13) is connected through a shackle to a line distribution part (7) of the cross-linked system so that said counterweight manages to maintain the vertical system in its vertical position. reticulated circling the wolf net (2) and the fish tank net of the cage (1). From the line distribution part (7) of the crosslinked system, where the counterweight (13) is attached, a line or rope (11) is joined to form a system for damping forces of the anchoring line, which is exited perpendicular to the cross-linking system and where one end of said line or rope (11) is attached or tied to a ring (12) to which a counterweight (13) is also attached. From the ring (12) following the direction of the line or rope (11), a rope or line (20) comes out that is tied or attached at one end to the ring (12) and at the other end is attached or tied to another ring (12), where said ring is attached or fixed to the distribution part (17) of anchoring lines, in this way the set of lines or ropes (11, 20) and the rings (12) form a damping line of the anchoring line that is defined by the line or ropes (15, 16), buoy (14) and distribution piece of the anchoring lines (17) to which a counterweight (13) is also attached. An anchoring line or rope (18) is attached or fixed to the anchoring line distribution piece (17) by one of its ends and where at the other end said rope or anchoring line will be attached or fixed to an element of anchoring, such as a deadweight or anchor anchor.
Una vez formado el sistema reticulado (3), tal como se aprecia en las figuras 2 y 3, desde las piezas de distribución de líneas (7, 10) salen en forma horizontal y perpendicular a dicho sistema de reticulado (3) líneas o cuerdas (19) que serán fijadas a la red lobera (2) así como también a red pecera de la jaula de cultivo de peces (1). Las líneas de fondeo del sistema de fondeo son fijadas tanto a la red lobera (2) como a la estructura de la jaula para cultivo de peces (1 ), de forma que el sistema reticulado circunda completamente dichas estructuras, y los cual se ilustra en forma esquemática en las figuras 1 y 4, donde claramente se pude apreciar que la forma de la jaula no constituye impedimento alguno en la utilización del sistema de reticulado (3). Once the cross-linked system (3) is formed, as can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, from the line distribution parts (7, 10) they leave horizontally and perpendicular to said cross-linking system (3) lines or ropes (19) that will be attached to the wolf net (2) as well as to the fish tank net of the fish culture cage (1). The anchorage lines of the funding system are fixed both to the wolf network (2) and to the cage structure for growing fish (1), so that the crosslinked system completely surrounds said structures, and which is schematically illustrated in Figures 1 and 4, where it can clearly be seen that the shape of the cage does not constitute any impediment in the use of the crosslinking system (3).
Un sistema de fondeo (4) que es utilizado en el sistema de reticulado (3) de la presente invención, a modo de ejemplo es ilustrado en diferentes modalidades en las la figuras 5 y 6, el cual comprende una serie de líneas o cuerdas de fondeo unidas entre sí en una disposición particular tal como se observa en dichas figuras, donde el sistema de reticulado (3) se encuentran unidos mediante elementos tensores (19) que se encuentran unidos a piezas de distribución (10) de las cuerdas que forman los entramados, así como son unidos tensores (22) a las boya (21) que forman parte del sistema de fondeo (4), de forma tal que dichos elementos tensores se encuentran configurados, para ser unidos tanto a la red pecera de la jaula (1) como a la red lobera (2) de forma retener y detener dichas redes en su lugar, dando resistencia y flexibilidad a éstas, de forma que no se vean afectadas por la acción de condiciones de corrientes marinas, oleajes y condiciones climáticas adversas, manteniendo el volumen y área de cultivo definida por la forma tridimensional de dicha estructura. An anchoring system (4) that is used in the crosslinking system (3) of the present invention, by way of example is illustrated in different embodiments in Figures 5 and 6, which comprises a series of lines or ropes of anchoring joined together in a particular arrangement as seen in said figures, where the cross-linking system (3) is joined by tensioning elements (19) that are attached to distribution pieces (10) of the ropes that form the trusses, as well as tensioners (22) are attached to the buoys (21) that are part of the anchoring system (4), so that said tensioning elements are configured to be attached to both the fish tank net of the cage ( 1) as to the wolf network (2) so as to retain and stop said nets in their place, giving them resistance and flexibility, so that they are not affected by the action of conditions of sea currents, waves and adverse weather conditions, keeping the volume and cultivation area defined by the three-dimensional shape of said structure.
En una primera modalidad del sistema de fondeo (4), como ilustrado en la figura 5, comprende un flotador (21) que posee un cuerpo que flota parcialmente sobre la superficie del cuerpo de agua (23), donde desde dicha boya sale una línea, cuerda o cabo de fondeo (24) unida por un extremo a la boya (21) y por el extremo opuesto a una pieza de distribución de líneas (17), del cual pende un contrapeso (13) que permite que dicha línea (24) conforme una línea con una disposición inclinada descendente desde la superficie del cuerpo de agua (23) hacia el fondo marino, en donde se encuentra fondeado un elemento de anclaje, tal como un peso muerto o un ancla, y a la cual es fijada una cuerda, línea o cabo (18) que se encuentran unida por un extremo a la pieza de distribución de líneas (17), para definir así una línea de fondeo. Desde la parte inferior o más de fondo del entramado de cuerdas (3) a través de un grillete unido a una pieza de distribución (7) de las cuerdas del entramado (3), es unida una cuerda, cabo o línea de fondeo (11), que sale para alejarse desde el entramado (3). Un contrapeso (13) que es unido a la pieza de distribución (7) y pende del mismo hacia el fondo marino para lograr mantener en posición vertical al entramado de cuerdas (3). Desde la pieza de distribución (7) de líneas, cuerdas o cabos, que es utilizada para formación del entramados (3) es unida la línea o cuerda de fondeo (1 ) para formar una línea de amortiguación de las fuerzas de tracción que son ejercidas sobre el sistema de fondeo (4), donde dicha línea de fondeo (11) de amortiguación sale en forma perpendicular a la parte más de fondo del entramado (3), y donde un extremo de dicha línea o cuerda (11 ) es unida o amarrado a un anillo (12) al cual también es unido un contrapeso (13). Desde el anillo (12) siguiendo la dirección de la línea o cuerda (11), es decir alejándose desde el sistema de reticulado (3), sale una cuerda o línea (20) que es amarrada o unida por un extremo al anillo (12) y por su extremo opuesto es unida o fijada a la pieza de distribución de líneas (17). Esta configuración del conjunto de líneas o cuerdas de fondeo (11, 20), anillo (12) y contrapesos (13), forman una línea de amortiguación del sistema de fondeo (4). In a first mode of the anchoring system (4), as illustrated in Figure 5, it comprises a float (21) that has a body that partially floats on the surface of the body of water (23), where a line leaves from said buoy , anchoring rope or rope (24) connected by one end to the buoy (21) and by the opposite end to a line distribution piece (17), from which a counterweight (13) hangs, which allows said line (24 ) along a line with an inclined arrangement descending from the surface of the body of water (23) towards the seabed, where an anchoring element, such as a dead weight or an anchor, is anchored, and to which a rope is fixed , line or end (18) that are connected at one end to the line distribution part (17), to define a funding line. From the bottom or more bottom of the rope framework (3) through a shackle attached to a distribution piece (7) of the ropes of the lattice (3), a rope, end or anchoring line (11) is attached, which leaves to move away from the lattice (3). A counterweight (13) that is attached to the distribution piece (7) and hangs thereon towards the seabed to keep the rope framework (3) upright. From the distribution piece (7) of lines, ropes or ropes, which is used for forming the trusses (3), the anchoring line (1) is joined to form a damping line of the tensile forces that are exerted on the anchoring system (4), where said damping anchoring line (11) exits perpendicular to the bottommost part of the framework (3), and where one end of said line or rope (11) is joined or tied to a ring (12) to which a counterweight (13) is also attached. From the ring (12) following the direction of the line or rope (11), that is, moving away from the cross-linking system (3), a rope or line (20) comes out that is tied or attached at one end to the ring (12 ) and at its opposite end is attached or fixed to the line distribution part (17). This configuration of the set of anchor lines or ropes (11, 20), ring (12) and counterweights (13), form a damping line of the anchoring system (4).
En una segunda modalidad del sistema de fondeo (4), como ilustrado en la figura 6, comprende un flotador (21) que posee un cuerpo que flota parcialmente sobre la superficie del cuerpo de agua (23), donde desde dicha boya sale una línea, cuerda o cabo de fondeo (24) unida por un extremo a la boya (21) y por el extremo opuesto a una pieza de distribución de líneas (17), del cual pende un contrapeso (13) que permite que dicha línea (24) conforme una línea con una disposición inclinada descendente desde la superficie del cuerpo de agua (23) hacia el fondo marino, en donde se encuentra fondeado un elemento de anclaje, tal como un peso muerto o un ancla, y a la cual es fijada una cuerda, línea o cabo (18) que se encuentran unida por un extremo a la pieza de distribución de líneas (17), para definir así una línea de fondeo. Desde la parte inferior o más de fondo del entramado de cuerdas (3) a través de un grillete unido a una pieza de distribución (7) de las cuerdas del entramado (3), es unida una cuerda, cabo o línea de fondeo (11), que sale para alejarse desde el entramado (3). Un contrapeso (13) que es unido a la pieza de distribución (7) y pende del mismo hacia el fondo marino para lograr mantener en posición vertical al entramado de cuerdas (3). Desde la pieza de distribución (7) de líneas, cuerdas o cabos, que es utilizada para formación del entramados (3) es unida la línea o cuerda de fondeo (11) para formar una línea de amortiguación de las fuerzas de tracción que son ejercidas sobre el sistema de fondeo (4), donde dicha línea de fondeo (11) de amortiguación sale en forma perpendicular a la parte más de fondo del entramado (3), y donde un extremo de dicha línea o cuerda (11 ) es unida o amarrado a un anillo (12) al cual también es unido un contrapeso (13). Desde el anillo (12) siguiendo la dirección de la línea o cuerda (11), es decir alejándose desde el sistema de reticulado (3), sale una cuerda o línea (20) que es amarrada o unida por un extremo al anillo (12) y por su extremo opuesto es unida o fijada a la pieza de distribución de líneas (17). Esta configuración del conjunto de líneas o cuerdas de fondeo (11 , 20), anillo (12) y contrapesos (13), forman una línea de amortiguación del sistema de fondeo (4). Esta modalidad de la invención comprende al menos una línea tensora intermedia (25) adicional, la cual es unida por un extremo a la pieza de distribución de líneas (17), y donde el extremo opuesto es unido o fijado, ya sea a través de una ramificación (26) de dicha línea (25) a las piezas de distribución (10), que forman el entramado del sistema de reticulado (3). Con esta configuración se logra dar mayor resistencia a la tracción y mayor capacidad de disgregar las fuerzas de tensión que son ocasionadas por los movimientos constantes de la jaula (1 ), red pecera (2) y red lobera (3) por la acción de las olas, corrientes marinas, y condiciones climáticas adversas. In a second mode of the anchoring system (4), as illustrated in Figure 6, it comprises a float (21) that has a body that partially floats on the surface of the body of water (23), where a line leaves from said buoy , anchoring rope or rope (24) connected by one end to the buoy (21) and by the opposite end to a line distribution piece (17), from which a counterweight (13) hangs, which allows said line (24 ) along a line with an inclined arrangement descending from the surface of the body of water (23) towards the seabed, where an anchoring element, such as a dead weight or an anchor, is anchored, and to which a rope is fixed , line or end (18) that are connected at one end to the line distribution part (17), to define a funding line. From the bottom or more bottom of the rope framework (3) through a shackle attached to a distribution piece (7) of the fabric ropes (3), a rope, rope or anchor line (11) is attached ), which leaves to move away from the fabric (3). A counterweight (13) that is attached to the distribution piece (7) and hangs on it towards the seabed to achieve maintaining in a vertical position to the rope network (3). From the distribution piece (7) of lines, ropes or ropes, which is used for forming the trusses (3), the anchoring line (11) is joined to form a damping line of the tensile forces that are exerted on the anchoring system (4), where said damping anchoring line (11) exits perpendicular to the bottommost part of the framework (3), and where one end of said line or rope (11) is joined or tied to a ring (12) to which a counterweight (13) is also attached. From the ring (12) following the direction of the line or rope (11), that is, moving away from the cross-linking system (3), a rope or line (20) comes out that is tied or attached at one end to the ring (12 ) and at its opposite end is attached or fixed to the line distribution part (17). This configuration of the set of anchor lines or ropes (11, 20), ring (12) and counterweights (13), form a damping line of the anchoring system (4). This embodiment of the invention comprises at least one additional intermediate tensioning line (25), which is connected at one end to the line distribution part (17), and where the opposite end is joined or fixed, either through a branch (26) of said line (25) to the distribution parts (10), which form the network of the cross-linking system (3). With this configuration it is possible to give greater tensile strength and greater ability to disintegrate the tension forces that are caused by the constant movements of the cage (1), fish tank (2) and wolf net (3) by the action of the waves, sea currents, and adverse weather conditions.
El sistema reticulado (3) de la invención proporciona una descomposición de fuerzas más homogéneas y una elasticidad más controlada que el sistema de cultivo de peces tradicional, lo cual se logra por la descomposición de fuerzas mediante los contrapesos y la ramificación de una o más líneas de fondeo, ya que dicha línea que es formada con los contrapesos funciona como un amortiguador de fuerzas disminuyendo la fuerza de anclaje pick en el sistema de anclaje, ya que se quiebra la línea de fondeo. Este sistema de reticulado (3) otorga un sistema de sujeción óptimo, dando soporte a las redes pecera y lobera del sistema de cultivo de peces, manteniendo la separación entre las redes, logrando que por la formación y configuración de dicho sistema de reticulado, se mueva el conjunto red pecera y lobera por la acción de las corrientes mantenido su volumen y disposición general en el cuerpo del agua, permitiendo evitar así que los depredadores puedan llegar a los peces ya sea empujando la red lobera o bien rasgándola. Esta mejor sujeción y distribución de fuerzas que se logra en el sistema de cultivo, permite disminuir los riesgos de colapso del sistema de fondeo, por el corte de las líneas, ya que mejora la distribución de las fuerzas de tensión del sistema, haciendo que se mantenga el volumen definido por la red pecera permitiendo así mejorar la oxigenación de los peces al mejorar el flujo de agua dentro del volumen definido por la red pecera y la organización de los peces dentro de dicho volumen definido, al lograr efectivamente mantener el volumen definido por el conjunto jaula red pecera. The crosslinked system (3) of the invention provides a more homogeneous decomposition of forces and a more controlled elasticity than the traditional fish culture system, which is achieved by the decomposition of forces by counterweights and the branching of one or more lines. of anchorage, since said line that is formed with the counterweights works as a force damper, decreasing the anchor force pick in the anchoring system, since the anchoring line is broken. This cross-linking system (3) provides an optimal restraint system, supporting the fish and lobera nets of the fish culture system, maintaining the separation between the nets, achieving that by forming and configuring said cross-linking system, move the fishnet net set and wolf by the action of the currents maintained its volume and general disposition in the body of the water, thus allowing to avoid that the predators can reach the fish either by pushing the wolf net or by tearing it. This better subjection and distribution of forces that is achieved in the cultivation system, allows to reduce the risks of collapse of the anchoring system, due to the cutting of the lines, since it improves the distribution of the tension forces of the system, making it maintain the volume defined by the fishnet network thus allowing to improve the oxygenation of the fish by improving the flow of water within the volume defined by the fish tank and the organization of the fish within that defined volume, by effectively maintaining the volume defined by the fish tank net cage set.
Si bien la forma del sistema de reticulado aquí descrito constituyen una inclusión preferida de esta invención, se debe entender que la invención no se limita a esta forma precisa del sistema de reticulado, y que se pueden hacer cambios en ella sin apartarse del alcance de la invención, que se definen en las reivindicaciones adjuntas. While the shape of the cross-linking system described herein constitutes a preferred inclusion of this invention, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to this precise form of the cross-linking system, and that changes can be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention, which are defined in the appended claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. - Un sistema de reticulado (3) de cabos o cuerdas que se encuentra dispuesto y siendo utilizado con una jaula (1) para el cultivo de peces, formada por una estructura flotante de la cual pende y circunda una red pecera que encierra un volumen de agua en el cual son cultivado los peces, una red protectora contra depredadores, también denominada red lobera (2), que circunda a la red pecera, es utilizada para evitar que depredadores rompan o empujen las redes peceras para acceder a los peces, siendo dispuesta a una distancia desde la red pecera, rodeando todo el perímetro de ésta, CARACTERIZADO porque el sistema de reticulado (3) se encuentra unido y es parte de un sistema de fondeo (4) de la jaula (1 ) y se encuentran unida a la red lobera (3) y pecera (2), siendo dispuesto dicho reticulado circundando todo el perímetro exterior de la red tobera y unidas a dichas redes a una cierta distancia a través de cabos o cuerdas tensoras (19), donde el sistema reticulado se encuentra configurado por una serie de cabos, cuerdas o líneas horizontales (5) y verticales (6) vinculados entre sí mediante una serie de elementos o piezas de unión (7, 10) para formar un entramado de cabos, cuerdas o líneas. 1. - A system of cross-linking (3) of ropes or ropes that is arranged and being used with a cage (1) for the cultivation of fish, formed by a floating structure from which hangs and surrounds a fish net that encloses a volume of water in which the fish are cultivated, a protective net against predators, also called lobera net (2), which surrounds the fish net, is used to prevent predators from breaking or pushing the fish nets to access the fish, being arranged at a distance from the fishnet, surrounding the entire perimeter of the fish, CHARACTERIZED because the cross-linking system (3) is attached and is part of a system of anchoring (4) of the cage (1) and is joined to the lobera network (3) and fishbowl (2), said reticulate being arranged circling the entire outer perimeter of the nozzle network and attached to said networks at a certain distance through ends or tension ropes (19), where the reticulated system is confi Guided by a series of ropes, ropes or horizontal (5) and vertical (6) lines linked together by means of a series of connecting elements or pieces (7, 10) to form a network of ropes, ropes or lines.
2. - Un sistema de reticulado (3) de cabos o cuerdas que se encuentra dispuesto y siendo utilizado con una jaula (1) para el cultivo de peces de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque la línea o cabo vertical (6) es unida a un plato de distribución (8) mediante un grillete que es unido a un extremo de dicha línea vertical, donde a través de la longitud de la línea vertical son dispuestas al menos una pieza de distribución de líneas (7) que poseen una forma tal que permiten que las líneas sean fijada o bien pasen de forma deslizante a través de dicha pieza (7), donde una línea o cabo horizontal (5) es fijada o pasa a través de dicha pieza de distribución (7), donde mediante la disposición de una sene de dicha piezas de distribución (7) a lo largo de las líneas o cabos horizontal y vertical (5, 6) se forma el sistema reticulado, donde además es utilizada otro pieza de distribución de líneas (10) que permite formar el entramado interior del sistema de reticulado, y donde dicha pieza de distribución de líneas (10) se encuentra configurada de forma tal que permite que las líneas o cabos horizontales y verticales (5, 6) pasen a través de dicha pieza (10) para formar el entramado intermedio del sistema de reticulado. 2. - A cross-linking system (3) of ropes or ropes that is arranged and being used with a cage (1) for the cultivation of fish according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the vertical line or end (6) is attached to a distribution plate (8) by means of a shackle that is attached to one end of said vertical line, where at least one line distribution part (7) having a shape are arranged across the length of the vertical line such that they allow the lines to be fixed or to slide through said part (7), where a horizontal line or line (5) is fixed or passes through said distribution part (7), where by means of arrangement of a sene of said distribution pieces (7) along the horizontal and vertical lines or capes (5, 6) the crosslinked system is formed, where another line distribution piece (10) is also used that allows forming the internal framework of the withdrawal system culated, and where said line distribution part (10) is configured so that it allows that the horizontal and vertical lines or ends (5, 6) pass through said part (10) to form the intermediate lattice of the cross-linking system.
3.- Un sistema de reticulado (3) de cabos o cuerdas que se encuentra dispuesto y siendo utilizado con una jaula (1) para el cultivo de peces de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones precedentes, CARACTERIZADO porque el sistema reticulado comprende una boya (14) unida mediante una cadena y un grillete al plato de distribución (8), y donde el sistema de fondeo unido a dicho sistema de reticulado comprende una línea o cuerda de fondeo (16) unida al plato de distribución (8), saliendo en forma perpendicular al sistema de reticulado (3) uniendo un extremo de dicha línea de fondeo (16) mediante un grillete (9) al plato de distribución y el otro extremo a una cadena que se encuentra unida a una segunda boya (14), distancia de la primera boya (14), una segunda línea de fondeo (15) unida a través de un extremo a un extremo de la cadena de la boya (14) y el otro extremo unida a una pieza de distribución de líneas de fondeo (17), además posee una pieza de distribución de línea (7) a la cual se encuentra unido un contrapeso (13) y es unida una línea o cuerda (11 ) para formar una línea de amortiguación de fuerzas de la línea de fondeo, que se sale en forma perpendicular al sistema de reticulado y donde un extremo de dicha línea o cuerda (11) es unida o amarrado a un anillo (12) al cual también es unido un contrapeso (13), y donde desde el anillo (12) siguiendo la dirección de la línea o cuerda (11), sale una cuerda o línea (20) que es amarrada o unida por un extremo al anillo (12) y por el otro extremo a otro anillo (12), 3. A cross-linking system (3) of ropes or ropes that is arranged and being used with a cage (1) for the cultivation of fish according to the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because the cross-linked system comprises a buoy (14) connected by a chain and a shackle to the distribution plate (8), and where the anchoring system attached to said cross-linking system comprises a line or anchoring rope (16) attached to the distribution plate (8), leaving perpendicularly to the cross-linking system (3) joining one end of said anchoring line (16) by means of a shackle (9) to the distribution plate and the other end to a chain that is attached to a second buoy (14), distance from the first buoy (14), a second anchoring line (15) attached through one end to one end of the buoy chain (14) and the other end attached to a mooring line distribution part (17), It also has a line distribution part (7) to which a counterweight (13) is attached and a line or rope (11) is joined to form a line for damping forces of the anchoring line, which exits perpendicular to the cross-linking system and where one end of said line or rope (11) is attached or tied to a ring (12) to which a counterweight (13) is also attached, and where from the ring (12) following the direction of the line or rope (11), a rope or line comes out (20) which is tied or attached at one end to the ring (12) and at the other end to another ring (12),
4 - Un sistema de reticulado (3) de cabos o cuerdas que se encuentra dispuesto y siendo utilizado con una jaula (1 ) para el cultivo de peces de acuerdo a la reivindicación 3, CARACTERIZADO porque la pieza de distribución de las líneas de fondeo (17) posee unido un contrapeso (13). 4 - A system of cross-linking (3) of ropes or ropes that is arranged and being used with a cage (1) for the cultivation of fish according to claim 3, CHARACTERIZED because the distribution part of the anchoring lines ( 17) has a counterweight attached (13).
5.- Un sistema de reticulado (3) de cabos o cuerdas que se encuentra dispuesto y siendo utilizado con una jaula (1) para el cultivo de peces de acuerdo a la reivindicación 3 y 4, CARACTERIZADO porque una línea o cuerda de fondeo (18) es unida o fijada a la pieza de distribución de líneas de fondeo (17) por uno de sus extremos y donde por el otro extremo es unida o fijada a un elemento de fondeo, tal como un peso muerto y/o un ancla de fondeo. 5. A cross-linking system (3) of ropes or ropes that is arranged and being used with a cage (1) for the cultivation of fish according to claim 3 and 4, CHARACTERIZED because a anchoring line or rope ( 18) is attached or fixed to the anchoring line distribution part (17) by one of its ends and where at the other end it is attached or fixed to a anchoring element, such as a dead weight and / or a anchoring anchor.
6.- Un sistema de reticulado (3) de cabos o cuerdas que se encuentra dispuesto y siendo utilizado con una jaula (1) para el cultivo de peces de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones precedentes, CARACTERIZADO porque sistema de reticulado (3) se encuentra unido mediante elementos tensores (19) que se encuentran unidos a las piezas de distribución (10) 6. A cross-linking system (3) of ropes or ropes that is arranged and being used with a cage (1) for the cultivation of fish according to the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because cross-linking system (3) is attached by tensioning elements (19) that are attached to the distribution parts (10)
7 - Un sistema de reticulado (3) de cabos o cuerdas que se encuentra dispuesto y siendo utilizado con una jaula (1 ) para el cultivo de peces de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones precedentes, CARACTERIZADO porque comprende elemento tensores (22) que se encuentran unidos a las boya (21) que forman parte del sistema de fondeo (4), de forma tal que dichos elementos tensores se encuentran configurados, para ser unidos tanto a la red pecera de la jaula (1) como a la red lobera (2) de forma retener y detener dichas redes en su lugar. 7 - A cross-linking system (3) of ropes or ropes that is arranged and being used with a cage (1) for the cultivation of fish according to the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises tensioning elements (22) that are attached to the buoys (21) that are part of the anchoring system (4), in such a way that said tensioning elements are configured to be attached to both the fish tank network of the cage (1) and the wolf net (2) in a way to retain and stop these networks instead.
8.- Un sistema de reticulado (3) de cabos o cuerdas que se encuentra dispuesto y siendo utilizado con una jaula (1) para el cultivo de peces de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 y 2, CARACTERIZADO porque el sistema de fondeo (4), comprende un boya (21) que posee un cuerpo que flota parcialmente sobre la superficie del cuerpo de agua (23), y comprende una línea, cuerda o cabo de fondeo (24) unida por un extremo a la boya (21 ) y por el extremo opuesto a una pieza de distribución de líneas (17), que comprende un contrapeso (13) que pende de ésta y que permite que dicha línea (24) conforme una línea con una disposición inclinada descendente desde la superficie del cuerpo de agua (23) hacia el fondo marino, en donde se encuentra fondeado un elemento de anclaje, tal como un peso muerto o un ancla, y a la cual es fijada una cuerda, línea o cabo (18) que se encuentran unida por un extremo a la pieza de distribución de líneas (17), y porque Desde la parte inferior o más de fondo del entramado de cuerdas (3) comprende una línea de amortiguación de fuerzas que comprende un conjunto de líneas o cuerdas de fondeo (11 , 20), un anillo (12) y contrapesos (13). 8. A cross-linking system (3) of ropes or ropes that is arranged and being used with a cage (1) for the cultivation of fish according to claims 1 and 2, CHARACTERIZED because the anchoring system (4) , comprises a buoy (21) that has a body that partially floats on the surface of the body of water (23), and comprises a line, rope or anchoring line (24) attached at one end to the buoy (21) and by the opposite end to a line distribution piece (17), which comprises a counterweight (13) that hangs from it and allows said line (24) to conform a line with an inclined arrangement descending from the surface of the water body ( 23) towards the seabed, where an anchoring element is anchored, such as a dead weight or an anchor, and to which a rope, line or rope (18) is attached that are attached at one end to the piece of distribution of lines (17), and because from the bottom or more bottom of the e string tracing (3) comprises a force damping line comprising a set of anchor lines or ropes (11, 20), a ring (12) and counterweights (13).
9.- Un sistema de reticulado (3) de cabos o cuerdas que se encuentra dispuesto y siendo utilizado con una jaula (1) para el cultivo de peces de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones precedentes, CARACTERIZADO porque el sistema de fondeo (4) comprende al menos una línea tensora intermedia (25) adicional, la cual es unida por un extremo a la pieza de distribución de líneas (17), y donde el extremo opuesto es unido o fijado a las piezas de distribución (10) del sistema de reticulado (3). 9. A cross-linking system (3) of ropes or ropes that is arranged and being used with a cage (1) for the cultivation of fish according to the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because the anchoring system (4) comprises minus an additional intermediate tensioning line (25), which is attached at one end to the line distribution part (17), and where the opposite end is attached or fixed to the distribution parts (10) of the cross-linking system ( 3).
10 - Un sistema de reticulado (3) de cabos o cuerdas que se encuentra dispuesto y siendo utilizado con una jaula (1 ) para el cultivo de peces de acuerdo a la reivindicación 9 CARACTERIZADO porque la línea tensora intermedia (25) comprende una ramificación (26) en el extremo que será unidad a más de una pieza de distribución (10) del sistema de reticulado (3). 10 - A cross-linking system (3) of ropes or ropes that is arranged and being used with a cage (1) for fish farming according to claim 9 CHARACTERIZED because the intermediate tensioning line (25) comprises a branching ( 26) at the end that will be unit to more than one distribution part (10) of the cross-linking system (3).
PCT/CL2016/000068 2015-11-04 2016-11-03 Reticulated anchoring system for aquaculture WO2017075727A1 (en)

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