WO2017064334A1

WO2017064334A1 - Reinforced laminated beam and method for the production thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2017064334A1
Application number: PCT/ES2015/070738
Authority: WO
Inventors: Luis Felipe REGO GARCÍA DE ALBA
Original assignee: Aldea Sophia, Sl
Priority date: 2015-10-13
Filing date: 2015-10-13
Publication date: 2017-04-20

Abstract

The invention relates to a reinforced laminated beam (5) comprising at least one first (9) and one second laminar layer of reinforcement (10) in the cross-section, which are arranged on the first (1) and on the second end (2) of said cross-section and consisting of a soft metal, where all of the laminar layers forming the cross-section are held together by means of holding means. The invention also relates to a method for producing said beam, comprising positioning the layers (23) that form the cross-section consecutively in a determined order, positioning the holding means (24), and applying compression between layers (25).

Description

DESCRIPTION

Reinforced laminated beam Technical field of the invention

The present invention corresponds to the technical field of construction, in particular to the structural materials used such as laminated wood beams, plywood and counter-laminated boards.

Background of the Invention

Nowadays, wood is one of the construction materials considered in a very favorable way thanks to the high number of advantages it presents compared to other types of structural materials used.

Thus, wood is a material that grows naturally and unlike other materials, its handling has the lowest energy consumption and the lowest emission values of C02 to the atmosphere. It is a renewable and biodegradable resource and, its thermal insulation properties favor that buildings built using wood consume less energy in their life cycle.

In addition, wood acts as a carbon sink. Thus, the forest stores carbon during its growth and if the wood is not used, that carbon is released with the decomposition process in the forest, so the use of this material contributes to the reduction of the C02 concentration in the forest. atmosphere, since carbon is stored for many years in the wood and thus helps to reduce CO2 emissions. In this way, for every cubic meter of wood used in a building instead of another material, 0.8 tons of C02 are trapped and not released into the atmosphere.

With the treatment of wood there is no waste. Wood waste is used, for example, to make paper or combustible materials that do not harm the environment.

Wood construction is also less harmful to the environment than aluminum, steel and cement-based products. It is very important to direct the construction methods towards energy efficiency and sustainability and, wood, for being an Renewable resource is the ideal material for this purpose. Thus, the current trend in construction is to be oriented towards constructive designs with quality, sustainable, clean, pleasant and natural products. Faced with the needs of greater resistant capacities and designs of varied shapes and greater lights, appears in the history of laminated wood, which came to solve the limitations of the constructive elements made with conventional carved wood.

Thus, laminated wooden beams due to the treatment to which they are subjected, have much better properties than solid wood beams, such as the fact that they do not twist over time and the tendency to form cracks is minimized.

In the laminated beams we can better control the defects of the wood, obtaining therefore a better result of the same to achieve a more homogeneous product and in greater measures.

However, these laminated wooden beams present certain drawbacks, such as the excessive time spent on their construction process, since once the wood sheets are glued, they are placed one on top of the other and compressed using multiple clamps.

Under these conditions the laminated beams are then cured at room temperature and allowed to stand for about 48 hours in their compressed state. Once the glue has hardened, the clamps are removed from the glued laminated girders and finished with trimming and polishing to prepare the laminated girders for commercial sale. As a result, gluing and drying process slow down construction processes, causing delays and higher costs. There are state-of-the-art technologies in which the curing of the adhesive is carried out immediately, but they are expensive and only valid for straight section beams.

In addition, conventional laminated wood beams have a force limit, determined by the type of wood used in the preparation of the same. In order to increase the strength of the laminated wood beams, it is necessary to add additional layers of wood. However, when the number of layers of wood is increased, the edge of the resulting laminated timber beam also increases. Another problem is that laminated wood beams, although they allow curved designs, these designs can not reach very pronounced curvatures, because the tractions perpendicular to the fiber that are created exceed the tensile strength of the glue or adhesive.

In order to achieve certain curvatures you have to laminate more wood, but the more it is laminated the more it is wasted. So the curvature in these beams is limited and involves the creation of a template to press the wood, which adds a cost to the manufacturing process.

As an example of the state of the art, reference documents ES-2201320-T3 and ES-2352936-A1 can be mentioned.

The first document ES-2201320-T3 relates to a method of manufacturing a high-tech wood product for construction from radially anisotropic logs having a relatively higher density and modulus of elasticity in their outer parts and a density and a module of relatively lower elasticity in its interior parts, comprising a first stage of machining the trunks to separate at least a part of the exterior wood of relatively higher density of the interior wood of relatively lower density.

A second phase of forming first components of generally rectangular cross section from the interior wood of relatively lower density, cut from the interior parts of the trunks. A third phase of forming second components of generally rectangular cross section from the outer wood of relatively higher density, cut from the outer parts of the trunks.

A fourth stage of recombining the components of relatively higher density and relatively lower density, adhesively bonding at least one strip of the second component of density relatively greater than at least one edge of a first component of relatively lower density, to form a wood product for construction wherein the first component of relatively lower density and modulus acts as the core or core part of a beam and the second relatively higher density and modulus components act as the beam element or elements of the beam. This method focuses on using the most resistant wood from the tree and placing it selectively on the product, so that it produces the maximum contribution to the rigidity and resistance to bending. However, although beams of great rigidity are obtained, the problem of being able to freely obtain pronounced curvatures is not solved, being always limited by the resistance of the wood to break the more it curves.

Neither does it solve the fact of specifying a time of drying of the adhesive between the layers of wood so the manufacturing process is still slow and delays production.

The second reference document ES-2352936-A1, refers to a reinforced wooden beam, comprising a wooden core, composed of one or more sections, and a reinforcement constituted by at least one fiber-reinforced plastic rod. The reinforcement can comprise an extruded plastic rod produced by injection of plastic resins and located centrally in the core of laminated wood or, alternatively or additionally, a row of bars arranged in parallel.

With the use of wood beam reinforcement, an improvement of the mechanical properties of the same is provided, but the disadvantages still exist due to the necessary times in the process of gluing the beam layers, which delay the production and thus same, the problem of the limitation in the possible curvature in these beams remains that, although they improve their resistant properties, the laminar layers continue being sensitive to the curvature, breaking down if this is too pronounced. Consequently, there are needs for more efficient and effective methods of construction of laminated reinforced wood beams.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The reinforced laminated beam, of which comprise a laminar structure such that the cross section of the beam is formed by a first and a second opposite end and respective lateral joining thereof and comprises a first and a second layer of laminable structural material, respectively located in said first and second ends of the section and at least one intermediate layer of laminatable structural material disposed between the previous ones presented here, comprises at least a first and a second reinforcing sheet layer in the section of the beam, arranged respectively in the first and at the second end of said section, over the entire outer surface of the first and second layer of structurally laminatable material respectively, wherein the at least one first and second reinforcing sheet layer are formed of a soft metal and, where all the laminar layers forming the section are held together by means of fastening.

According to a preferred embodiment, the section of the beam comprises at the first and / or the second end, a layer of laminable structural coating material on the first and / or second reinforcing sheet layer respectively.

According to a preferred embodiment, the longitudinal section of the beam is straight and the fastening means of the laminar layers forming the cross section are formed by an adhesive of immediate setting. In this case and in a preferred embodiment, it also comprises means for reinforcing the connection between laminar layers.

According to another preferred embodiment, the longitudinal section of the beam is curved and the fastening means of the laminar layers forming the cross section are formed by an adhesive or gluing as well as by means of reinforcement of the interlayer bond.

In any of the foregoing cases and according to a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing means are formed by a series of bolts arranged equidistantly along the beam. Said bolts are fastened to the second end of the section by a first fastening nut and a first washer located between said first nut and the outer surface of the second end and, are fastened to the first end of the section by a bolt head or a second one. fixing nut, and a second washer between said head or second nut and the outer surface of the first end of the section.

In any of the foregoing cases and according to a preferred embodiment, the length of the thread of the bolt is such that it is all located inside the section of the beam and of some of the elements of the reinforcement means. According to another preferred embodiment, it comprises means for supporting structural elements, where said support means are formed by a segment of the thread of the bolt located protruding from the first fastening nut and / or the second fastening nut when it forms part of the reinforcing means.

According to another aspect, in a preferred embodiment, the width dimension of the at least one intermediate layer of foamable structural material is the same as the width dimension of the first and second layer of foamable structural material.

According to another preferred embodiment, the reinforced laminated beam comprises a series of intermediate layers of laminatable structural material, grouped in at least one first, a second and a third layer portion.

The first portion of layers is formed by at least two layers located in the central area of the section symmetrically to the axis thereof, the second portion of layers is formed by at least two layers located between the first layer of structural material laminable and the first portion and, the third layer portion is formed by at least two layers located between the first portion and the second layer of laminable structural material, wherein both the second and third portions are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the section and the width dimension of the intermediate layers of structural laminable material forming part of said second and third portions is smaller than the width dimension of the layers forming the first portion, the width dimension of the latter being equal to that of the width of the first and second layers of laminable structural material.

In this way, the second and third portions each form a recess on at least one of the connecting sides between the first and the second end of the section, for coupling in each of them a support beam.

According to a preferred embodiment, the reinforced laminated beam comprises at least one reinforcing laminar layer located in the central zone of the section and symmetrically to the axis thereof, the width dimension of this reinforcing laminar layer being the same as the width dimension of the first and second layers of structurally laminable material.

In the case where the laminated beam comprises intermediate laminated layers of laminatable structural material grouped into a first, a second and a third portion, in a preferred embodiment, it further comprises at least two intermediate layers of structurally laminatable structural material. consecutive to the first layer of material structural laminable and the second layer of laminable structural material respectively, where the width of these intermediate layers of laminable structural material is equal to the width dimension of said first and second layer of structural laminable material. According to another aspect, the reinforced laminated beam in a preferred embodiment comprises at least one reinforcing sheet layer in the region proximate the first and / or second end of the section, located internally to the section with respect to the internal face of the first and / or the second reinforcing sheet layer respectively. According to a preferred embodiment, the soft metal of the reinforcing sheet layer is aluminum. According to another preferred embodiment, the soft metal of the reinforcing layer is copper.

In a preferred embodiment, the layers of structural laminate material are formed by bamboo or coniferous wood, such as pines, spruce, cypress, or by wood from hardwoods such as oak, oak, cherry, or any other with the characteristics of resistance adequate.

According to another aspect, in a preferred embodiment, the laminated beam comprises at least one connection means to a constructive element located at a longitudinal end of the beam or on one of the connecting sides between the first and the second end of the beam section. it, wherein said connecting means comprise a plate fixed by two opposite fixing ends thereof to two laminar reinforcement layers of the beam by first fixing means and intermediate layers of structural material that can be rolled by means of second fixing means. formed by bolted elements and, a coupling element emerging from the plate suitable for connection to corresponding connection means belonging to a structure complementary to the reinforced laminated beam. We consider a structural group consisting of several reinforced laminated beams capable of absorbing external actions (gravitational, rheological, characteristic use of the structure, dynamics such as wind and earthquake, and any case concerning those bound by local, state or continental regulations that be applicable).

In this case and according to a preferred embodiment, the first fixing means of the plate are formed by respective weld beads disposed respectively in the connection between one of the reinforcing laminar layers and one of the opposite fixing ends of the plate. . According to another preferred embodiment, the fixing plate comprises an extension at both fastening ends, where said extensions are parallel to the reinforcing laminar layers and the first fastening means thereto are formed by bolted elements or by geometric adhesion, through of said extensions.

In this memory a manufacturing process of a reinforced laminated beam as defined above is presented. This process comprises a series of phases that are the following:

A first phase of laying the first and second layers of laminatable structural material, the at least one intermediate layer of laminatable structural material and the at least one first and second laminated reinforcing layers consecutively in a previously determined order forming the section of the beam and, placing on the first and second end of the section the first and second reinforcing laminate layers respectively as a mold of the section.

A second phase of placing the fastening means of the laminar layers of the section and a third phase of application of compression between them.

In the case where the longitudinal section of the beam is straight, in a preferred embodiment, the manufacturing process comprises the positioning of reinforcement means of the section prior to the application of compression between the laminar layers thereof. In any of the cases and according to a preferred embodiment, the manufacturing process comprises the placement of laminated layers of laminable structural coating material on the outer face of the first and second reinforcing laminar layers prior to the placement of the layers. fastening means. With the reinforced laminated beam and the manufacturing process of the same proposed here, a significant improvement of the state of the art is obtained.

This is so that a beam of structural material can be laminated in which thanks to the use of laminated layers of metal reinforcement, and the use of the bolts, resistance is increased in the order of between 50 and 60%, with less laminable structural material. More freedom of forms and architectural design capabilities is achieved, since the laminar reinforcement layers exist at least at the first and second ends of the section of the beam, this supports much more pronounced curvatures, because it is directly related the thickness of the sheets with the radius of curvature of the resulting beam.

Said metallic reinforcement layers, usually aluminum or copper, act as a mold of the layers of structural laminable material and reinforce them, helping them to withstand very pronounced curvatures.

Likewise, the use of bolts as reinforcement means achieves an increase in the mechanical properties of the beam, which presents a higher load capacity. In addition, in cases where it is placed in an outstanding manner to the section of the beam, they act as supports for other structural elements of the construction.

These bolts provide a reinforcement of the fixation of the laminated layers to each other, which also allows, in the beam manufacturing process, it is not necessary to wait for a drying time of the gluing between layers to be able to use them, as it happens in traditional laminated beams, in which this factor greatly slows down the production process.

This generates a greater speed and capacity of production of this type of beams, with which the productive costs are reduced significantly.

Another advantage is the possibility of generating by means of the own design of the section of these reinforced laminated beams, recesses that serve as zones of connection with other constructive elements such as support beams, without the need of any other joining accessory.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, a series of drawings is provided as an integral part of said description where, in an illustrative and non-limiting manner, it has been represented the following: Figures 1 .1, 1 .2 and 1 .3. - They respectively show a plan view, elevation and section of the reinforced laminated beam for a first preferred embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 shows a sectional view of the laminated beam reinforced with support beams for a first preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the laminated beam reinforced with support beams for a first preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figures 4.1 and 4.2.- They respectively show a plan view and section of the reinforced laminated beam for a second preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the reinforced laminated beam for a second preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figure 6 shows a perspective view of one end of the laminated beam reinforced with the connecting means to a second beam, for a third preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figure 7.- Shows a perspective view of the connection means to the end of the laminated beam shown in Figure 6, located at one end of a second reinforced laminated beam similar to the previous one, for a third preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figure 8 shows a block diagram of the manufacturing process of the reinforced laminated beam for a first preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figure 9.- Shows a block diagram of the manufacturing process of the reinforced laminated beam for a second preferred embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the figures provided, it can be seen how in a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the reinforced laminated beam 5 proposed here is one which comprises a laminar structure such that the cross section of the beam is formed by a first and a second end 2 opposite and respective laterals 3, 4, of joining thereof and comprises a first 6 and a second layer 7 of laminatable structural material, located respectively in said first 1 and second ends 2 of the section and at least one intermediate layer 8 of laminatable structural material disposed between the above.

In this first preferred embodiment, the structural laminate used is wood, in particular oak wood. As shown in Figures 1 .3 and 2, the section of the beam 5 comprises a first 9 and a second reinforcing sheet layer 10, respectively arranged in the first 1 and in the second end 2 of said section, over all the outer surface of the first 6 and the second layer 7 of laminated wood respectively. Said first 9 and second reinforcing laminar layers 10 are formed by a soft metal, which in this first preferred embodiment of the invention is aluminum.

Likewise, all layers of laminated wood forming the cross section are held together by means of fastening means.

Said fastening means, in this first preferred embodiment of the invention are formed by an adhesive of immediate setting.

In addition, and as shown in Figures 1 .1 to 3, in this first embodiment, the reinforced laminated beam further comprises means for reinforcing the bond between laminar layers.

These reinforcement means are formed by a series of pins 1 1, arranged equidistantly along the beam and through the section, from the first 1 to the second end 2 thereof.

Said pins 1 1 are fastened to the second end 2 of the section by means of a first fixing nut 12 and a first washer 13 located between said first nut 12 and the outer surface of the second end 2, which in this first embodiment is formed by the second reinforcing sheet layer 10. The bolts 1 1 in turn are fastened to the first end 1 of the section by a head 14 of the bolt 1 1 and a second washer 15 located between said head 14 and the outer surface of the first end 1 of the section, which in this first embodiment is formed by the first reinforcing sheet layer 9.

As can be seen in Figures 1 .1 to 3, in this first preferred embodiment of the invention, the reinforced laminated beam 5 comprises means for supporting structural elements, said support means being formed by a segment 17 of the thread of the pin 1 1 located protruding from the first fixing nut 12.

In this first preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 1 .3, the reinforced laminated beam 5 comprises a series of intermediate layers 8 of laminated wood, grouped into at least one first, a second and a third portion of layers.

As can be seen in Figures 1 .1 and 1 .3, the first portion 18.1 of layers is formed by at least two layers located in the central area of the section symmetrically to the axis thereof. In this first embodiment, four intermediate layers 8 of laminated wood are part of this first portion 18.1 and have a width dimension equal to the width dimension of the first 6 and the second layer 7 of laminated wood.

The second portion 18.2 of layers is formed by at least two layers located between the first layer of laminated wood 6 and the first portion 18.1 and, the third portion 18.3 of layers is formed by at least two layers located between the first portion 18.1 and the first portion. second layer 7 of laminated wood.

In this first preferred embodiment of the invention are four intermediate layers 8 of laminated wood forming this second portion 18.2 and four intermediate layers 8 of laminated wood forming the third portion 18.3.

Said layers forming these second 18.2 and third portions 18.3, are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the section, the width dimension of the intermediate layers 8 of laminated wood being part of said second 18.2 and third portion 18.3 less than the width dimension of the layers that form the first portion 18.1. In this way, the second 18.2 and the third portion 18.3 each form a setback 19 which, in this first preferred embodiment of the invention, is located on each of the two laterals 3, 4, connecting the first one. and the second end 2 of the section. Said recesses 19 present as a function the coupling in each of them of a support beam 20 and as shown in Figures 1 .1 and 1 .3, in this first embodiment, each can have a certain dimension, being in this case three of the same setbacks and one of them of greater dimension.

Also, as shown in Figure 1 .3, in this first preferred embodiment of the invention, the reinforced laminated beam 5 comprises a reinforcing laminar layer 21 located in the central area of the section and symmetrically to the axis of the same, reason why when being a single laminar layer of reinforcement the one that situates in the central zone, this is arranged on the axis of the section. The width dimension of this reinforcing sheet layer 21 is the same as the width dimension of the first 6 and the second layer 7 of laminated wood.

Furthermore, in this first preferred embodiment of the invention, the reinforced laminated beam 5 comprises at least two intermediate layers of laminated wood 8 located consecutively to the first 6 and the second layer 7 of laminated wood respectively. In this case there are two intermediate layers 8 of laminated wood consecutive to both first 6 and second layer 7 of laminated wood.

The width of these intermediate layers 8 of laminated wood is the same as the width dimension of said first 6 and second layer 7 of laminated wood. In this specification a second preferred embodiment of the invention is proposed in which the laminated beam 5 reinforced as in the first embodiment presented, comprises a laminar structure in which its cross section is formed by a first 6 and a second layer 7 of laminatable structural material located in the first 1 and the second end 2 thereof at least one intermediate layer 8 of laminable structural material and, for a first 9 and a second reinforcing sheet layer 10 respectively located on the surface outer of said first 6 and second layer 7 of laminable structural material.

These first 9 and second reinforcing laminar layers 10 are formed by a soft metal which in this second preferred embodiment of the invention is copper. For its part, the layers of structural laminable material are formed by laminated bamboo. All the laminar layers forming the cross section in this second preferred embodiment of the invention are fastened together by means of fastening means.

As shown in Figures 4.1 to 5, in this second preferred embodiment of the invention the reinforced laminated beam 5 comprises a layer of laminated bamboo covering 22 on the second reinforcing sheet layer 10 at the second end 2 of the section of it.

In this second preferred embodiment of the invention, the longitudinal section of the beam 5 is curved and the fastening means of the laminar layers forming the cross section are formed by an adhesive or gluing and by means of reinforcement of the joint between layered layers.

In this second preferred embodiment of the invention, as can be seen in Figures 4.1 and 4.2, these reinforcement means are formed by a series of pins 1 1 arranged equidistantly along the beam and through the section, from the first 1 to the second end 2 thereof.

Said reinforcing means, in this second embodiment in which the section of the beam has a layer of laminated bamboo covering 22 at the second end 2, are attached to said second end 2 of the section, by means of a first nut 12. and a first washer 13 located between said first nut 12 and the outer surface of the layer of laminated wood layer 22.

Likewise, the reinforcement means are subject to the first end 1 of the section, in which the first reinforcing laminar layer 9 is located, by means of a second fixing nut 16 and a second washer 15 located between said second nut 16 and the outer surface of the first reinforcing laminar layer 9.

In addition and as shown in Figure 5, in this second preferred embodiment of the invention, the reinforced laminated beam 5 comprises a reinforcing laminar layer 21 in the area close to the first end 1 of the section, located internally to the section with respect to the inner face of the first reinforcing sheet layer 9. Said Figures 4.1 to 5 also show that in this second preferred embodiment of the invention, the reinforced laminated beam 5 comprises means for supporting structural elements, where said support means are formed by a segment 17 of the thread of the pin 1 1 located projectingly with respect to the second fastening nut 16 fastened to the first end 1 of the section.

The width dimension of the intermediate layers 8 of laminated bamboo is equal to the width dimension of the first 6 and the second layer 7 of laminated bamboo. A third preferred embodiment of the invention is presented in this memory in which the beam 5 is the same as defined in the second previously proposed embodiment, but also in this case, the beam 5 comprises connection means 28 a a constructive element that in this case is a second beam 33 similar to the one proposed. These connection means, in this third preferred embodiment of the invention are located at a longitudinal end of the beam 5, as shown in Figure 6. Said connection means 28 are formed by a plate 30 fixed by two ends of opposing fixing thereof to two reinforcing laminar layers 10, 21, of the beam 5 by means of first fixing means, and, to the intermediate layers 8 of laminated bamboo by means of second fixing means formed by screwing elements 29 and, a coupling element 31 emerging from the plate 30 suitable for connection to corresponding connecting means in said second beam 33.

In this third preferred embodiment of the invention, the first fixing means of the plate 30 are formed by two welding cords 32 arranged respectively in the connection between each of the two laminar reinforcing layers 10, 21, with one of the opposite fixing ends of the plate 30.

In Figure 7 that is provided for a better understanding of these connection means, the second beam 33 to be connected with the laminated bamboo beam 5 of the third embodiment can be observed. In this case a second beam 33 of laminated bamboo similar to the beam to be connected has been considered, although this does not have a limiting character, since this second beam 33 can be of any other shape or material, since it can be straight or curved, of wood laminated or solid, metallic ... or other element than a beam, such as a floor, a pillar ... Likewise, in this third preferred embodiment of the invention, the connecting means of this second beam, since it is a beam of structural laminable material similar to the proposed beam, has the same means for fixing the connecting means to the same, as can be seen in Figure 7, although in this case the connection means comprise a fastening element to the beam of greater thickness than the plate since it must comprise a recessed area 34 for fitting the coupling element 31 of the connecting means of the proposed beam 5. These connection means, as in the proposed beam 5, are fixed to the intermediate layers 8 of laminated bamboo by means of second fastening means formed by screwing elements 29 and fixed to two laminated reinforcement layers 10, 21, by means of first ones. fixing means formed by two welding cords 32.

The coupling element 31 forms part of the connection between the beam and the other part of the structure. Between both parts, they carry out the transmission of stress by contact and pressure to the aluminum material, dovetail type or adhesion cone between the two pieces, so that we achieve an effective transmission of axial loads, shears and moments in the 6 degrees of freedom.

In this memory a manufacturing process of a reinforced laminated beam 5 as defined above is presented, which comprises a series of phases.

As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the first phase consists in the placement of the layers 23, that is, of the first 6 and the second layers of laminated wood 7, the at least one intermediate layer 8 of structural material that can be rolled and the at least one first 9 and a second laminated reinforcement layer 10 consecutively in a predetermined order forming the section of the beam and placing the first 9 and the second laminated layers in the first 1 and second end 2 of the section of reinforcement 10 respectively as mold of the section. Next, a second phase in which the placement of the fastening means 24 of the laminar layers of the section is carried out.

Finally, a third phase of compression application 25 between them. Figure 8 shows the process for the first embodiment proposed in this specification, of the reinforced laminated beam 5, which comprises from the first to the third phase described. In this case of the first preferred embodiment of the invention, the longitudinal section of the beam is straight, and comprises the positioning of reinforcing means 26 of the section prior to the compression application 25 between the laminar layers thereof. . Likewise, for the case of the manufacturing process of the beam 5 in the second proposed embodiment, as can be seen in Figure 9, this comprises an additional phase consisting of the placement of laminated layers of bamboo coating 27 on the outer face of the first 9 and the second laminar reinforcing layers 10 prior to the placing phase of the fastening means 24, a phase which in this case comprises the placement of reinforcement means together with the fastening means.

With the reinforced laminated beam and the manufacturing process presented here, significant improvements are achieved with respect to the state of the art, both from the point of view of productivity and the resistant properties of the beam and the possible designs that can be made with the same.

Thus, from the point of view of productivity, the existence of reinforcement means, which generate a compression on the set of laminated layers that form the section, this compression being constant since said means do not need to be removed, favors that the manufacturing process of these beams does not comprise a drying phase of the fastening means, so there is no time spent in it or a wait for this union to adhere and acquire resistance, necessary in traditional processes for the demolding of the beams and reuse of the mold in new beams. Therefore, to be able to produce new beams without having to wait for the previous ones to dry, the production times and therefore the costs are reduced.

The use of these reinforcement means as well as of the reinforcing laminar layers generates a considerable increase in the resistant properties thereof in the laminated beam. In addition, these laminar reinforcing layers help to maintain the shape of the layers of structural material that can be rolled, resulting in much more pronounced curvatures, so that the design possibilities increase significantly.

Another factor to take into account is the fact that the reinforcing means can be practically hidden in the beam section or protruding from it, thus offering support to other structures. Also in the setbacks that the section can present in certain cases, the option of supporting support beams is offered.

Thus, it is a laminated beam reinforced very effective in its use, since it has greater resistant characteristics than conventional laminated beams, greater design options both in its form and in the possible constructive solutions and an improvement in productivity and in the cost of it.

Claims

1 - Reinforced laminated beam (5), of which they comprise a laminar structure such that the cross section of the beam is formed by a first (1) and a second opposite (2) and two lateral (3, 4) junction ends thereof and comprises a first (6) and a second layer (7) of laminatable structural material located respectively in said first (1) and second ends (2) of the section and at least one intermediate layer (8) of structural material laminable arranged between the above, characterized in that it comprises

- at least one first (9) and a second reinforcing laminar layer (10) in the section of the beam, respectively arranged in the first (1) and in the second end (2) of said section, over the entire outer surface of the first (6) and the second layer (7) of laminar structural material respectively;

- wherein said at least one first (9) and one second reinforcing sheet (10) are formed by a soft metal, and;

- where all the laminar layers forming the section are held together by means of fastening.

2- Reinforced laminated beam (5), according to claim 1, characterized in that the section comprises in the first (1) and / or the second end (2), a layer of laminable structural covering material (22) on the first (9) and / or the second reinforcing sheet layer (10) respectively.

3- Reinforced laminated beam (5) according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the longitudinal section of the beam is straight and the fixing means of the laminar layers forming the cross section are formed by a setting adhesive righ now.

4- Reinforced laminated beam (5), according to claim 3, characterized in that it also comprises means for reinforcing the bond between laminar layers.

5- Reinforced laminated beam (5), according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the longitudinal section of the beam is curved and the fastening means of the laminar layers forming the cross section are formed by an adhesive or gluing and by means of reinforcement of the bond between laminar layers. 6- Reinforced laminated beam (5), according to any of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the reinforcement means are formed by a series of bolts (1 1) arranged equidistantly along the beam (5), attached to the second end (2) of the section by a first fixing nut (12) and a first washer (13) located between said first nut (12) and the outer surface of the second end (2) and, fastened to the first end (1) of the section by means of a head (14) of the pin (11) or a second fixing nut (16), and a second washer (15) between said head (14) or second nut (16) and the surface outside of the first end (1) of the section.

7- Reinforced laminated beam (5), according to claim 6, characterized in that the length of the thread of the pin (11) is such that it is located inside the section of the beam and of any of the elements of the means of reinforcement.

8- Reinforced laminated beam (5), according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises means for supporting structural elements, said support means being formed by a segment (17) of the thread of the pin (11) located protruding form with respect to the first fixing nut (12) and / or the second fixing nut (16) when it forms part of the reinforcement means.

9- Reinforced laminated beam (5) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width dimension of the at least one intermediate layer (8) of laminable structural material is equal to the width dimension of the first (6) and the second layer (7) of laminable structural material.

10 - Reinforced laminated beam (5) according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a series of intermediate layers (8) of laminable structural material, grouped in at least one first (18.1), one second (18.2) and a third portion (18.3) of layers, wherein the first portion (18.1) of layers is formed by at least two layers located in the central zone of the section symmetrically to the axis thereof, the second portion (18.2) of layers is formed by at least two layers located between the first layer (6) of laminable structural material and the first portion (18.1) and, the third portion (18.3) of layers is formed by at least two layers located between the first portion ( 18.1) and the second layer (7) of laminable structural material, where both the second (18.2) and third portion (18.3) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the section and the width dimension of the intermediate layers (8) of structural material l aminable that are part of said second (18.2) and third portion (18.3) is smaller than the width dimension of the layers forming the first portion (18.1), the width dimension of the layers of said first portion (18.1) being equal to that of the width of the first (6) and the second layer (7) of laminable structural material, so that the second (18.2) and the third portion (18.3) each form a setback (19) in at least one of the side walls (3, 4) between the first (1) and the second end (2) of the section, for coupling in each of them a support beam (20).

1 - reinforced laminated beam (5) according to any of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that it comprises at least one reinforcing laminar layer (21) located in the central area of the section and symmetrically to the axis of the same , the width dimension of this reinforcing laminar layer (21) being equal to the width dimension of the first (6) and the second layer (7) of laminable structural material.

12- Reinforced laminated beam (5) according to any of claims 10 or 1 1, characterized in that it comprises at least two intermediate layers (8) of laminable structural material located consecutively to the first layer (6) of laminable structural material and the second layer (7) of laminable structural material respectively, wherein the width of these intermediate layers (8) of laminable structural material is equal to the width dimension of said first (6) and second layer (7) of laminable structural material .

13 - Reinforced laminated beam (5) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one reinforcing laminar layer (21) in the area close to the first (1) and / or second end (2) of the section , located internally to the section with respect to the inner face of the first (9) and / or the second reinforcing laminar layer (10) respectively.

14- Reinforced laminated beam (5), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the soft metal of the reinforcing layer is aluminum.

15- Reinforced laminated beam (5) according to any of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the soft metal of the reinforcing layer is copper.

16- Reinforced laminated beam (5) according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the layers of structural laminable material are formed by bamboo or wood from conifers, such as pines, spruce, cypress, or wood coming from hardwoods such as oak, oak, cherry, or any other with the characteristics of adequate strength.

17- Reinforced laminated beam (5) according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one connection means (28) to a construction element located at a longitudinal end of the beam (5) or on one of the sides connection between the first (1) and the second end (2) of the section thereof, wherein said connection means (28) comprise a plate (30) fixed by two opposite fastening ends thereof to two laminar layers of reinforcement (10, 21) of the beam (5) by means of first fixing means and intermediate layers

(8) of structural material that can be rolled by means of second fixing means formed by bolting elements (29) and, a coupling element (31) emerging from the plate (30) suitable for connection to corresponding connection means in said constructive element.

18- Reinforced laminated beam (5), according to claim 17, characterized in that the first fixing means of the plate (30) are formed by two welding cords (32) arranged respectively in the connection between one of the laminar layers of reinforcement (10, 21) and one of the opposite fixing ends of the plate (30).

19- Reinforced laminated beam (5), according to claim 17, characterized in that the plate (30) comprises an extension at both fixing ends, where said extensions are parallel to the reinforcing laminar layers (10, 21) and the first ones fixing means thereto are formed by bolted elements or by geometric adhesion through said extensions.

20- Manufacturing process of a reinforced laminated beam (5) as defined in claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it comprises the following phases:

- laying (23) of the first (6) and the second layer (7) of laminatable structural material, the at least one intermediate layer (8) of laminatable structural material and the at least one first (9) and a second sheet layer of reinforcement (10) consecutively in a previously determined order forming the section of the beam and, placing in the first (1) and second end (2) of the section the first (9) and the second laminar reinforcing layers ( 10) respectively as a mold of the section;

- positioning of the fastening means (24) of the laminar layers of the section, and; - compression application (25) between them.

21 - Manufacturing process of a reinforced laminated beam (5), according to claim 20, characterized in that the longitudinal section of the beam being straight, comprises the placement of reinforcement means of the section (26) prior to the application of compression (25) between the laminar layers thereof.

22- Manufacturing process of a reinforced laminated beam (5), according to any of claims 20 or 21, characterized in that it comprises the placement of coating layers (27) of structural material laminable on the outer face of the first (9) ) and the second laminar reinforcing layers (28) prior to the placement phase of the fastening means (24).