WO2017063145A1 - 数据的可视化方法和装置 - Google Patents

数据的可视化方法和装置 Download PDF

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WO2017063145A1
WO2017063145A1 PCT/CN2015/091853 CN2015091853W WO2017063145A1 WO 2017063145 A1 WO2017063145 A1 WO 2017063145A1 CN 2015091853 W CN2015091853 W CN 2015091853W WO 2017063145 A1 WO2017063145 A1 WO 2017063145A1
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time axis
time
spatio
curve
area
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PCT/CN2015/091853
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English (en)
French (fr)
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倪冰
袁明轩
屈华民
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2015/091853 priority Critical patent/WO2017063145A1/zh
Publication of WO2017063145A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017063145A1/zh
Priority to US15/952,518 priority patent/US10438386B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
    • G06T11/20—Drawing from basic elements, e.g. lines or circles
    • G06T11/206—Drawing of charts or graphs

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of visualization, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for visualizing data.
  • spatiotemporal data is data containing time and space information, for example, data recorded by a base station in a wireless network including time and place of a user's call, check-in data of a user on a social network, and the like.
  • Spatio-temporal data can well reflect people's daily work, social, life habits and laws. Therefore, the visualization of spatio-temporal data is a hot topic in the field of visualization.
  • Treemaps are a common form of data presentation in the field of visualization.
  • Figure 1 shows the form of a traditional tree diagram.
  • Figure 1 is a distribution map of the population density in the United States.
  • the rectangle of the first level represents the distribution of the US population in California.
  • the rectangle corresponding to each state is divided into smaller rectangles, indicating the state.
  • the traditional tree diagram can visually represent the distribution of data in a certain dimension, but only in one dimension (as shown in Figure 1 only to represent the distribution of data from the geographic dimension), while the spatio-temporal data contains both the information of the time domain dimension and the Geographical dimension information, traditional tree diagrams cannot be applied to the visualization of spatiotemporal data.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a data visualization method and apparatus, which utilizes a tree diagram to implement visualization of spatiotemporal data.
  • a method for visualizing data includes: acquiring a plurality of spatio-temporal data, each spatio-temporal data of the plurality of spatio-temporal data recording a time and a place where an event occurs, and the plurality of spatio-temporal data records The location is distributed in the preset m regions, m ⁇ 2; determining the distribution of the plurality of spatio-temporal data over time according to the time of the plurality of spatio-temporal data records; and using the display device, presenting a curve distribution graph, the curve a distribution map for characterizing a distribution of the plurality of spatiotemporal data over time, the curve profile including a time axis, a curve that varies with the time axis, and an irregular region surrounded by the curve; The location of the spatio-temporal data record, determining the plurality of space-times According to the distribution in the m regions; according to the distribution of the plurality of spatio-temporal data on the m regions, using the display device,
  • the time axis is a circular time axis based on polar coordinates, the curve being located inside a circular circle surrounded by the circular time axis, The irregular area is surrounded by the curve and the radius of the circle.
  • the time axis is a linear coordinate axis
  • the irregular region is represented by the curve and the linear time axis And a vertical line perpendicular to the time axis.
  • the multiple spatio-temporal data is spatio-temporal data in a first subset of the spatio-temporal data set, and the spatio-temporal data set Include n subsets, the first subset is any subset of the n subsets, the n subsets correspond to consecutive n time periods one by one, wherein the time and space data record time in each subset is located In the time period corresponding to each subset, the method further includes: using the display device, presenting, on the time axis, a curve corresponding to other subsets of the n subsets other than the first subset Distribution map and tree diagram.
  • the time axis is a circular time axis based on polar coordinates, and the time corresponding to the circular time axis is 24 hours a day.
  • a second aspect provides a data visualization device, including: an acquisition module, configured to acquire a plurality of pieces of spatiotemporal data, wherein each of the plurality of spatiotemporal data records a time and a place where an event occurs, The location of the spatio-temporal data record is distributed in the preset m regions, m ⁇ 2; the first determining module is configured to determine the distribution of the plurality of spatio-temporal data over time according to the time of the plurality of spatio-temporal data records; a first presentation module, configured to present, by using a display device, a curve profile for characterizing a distribution of the plurality of spatiotemporal data over time, the curve profile including a time axis, varying with the time axis a curve, and an irregular area surrounded by the curve; a second determining module, configured to determine, according to a location of the plurality of spatio-temporal data records, a distribution of the plurality of spatio-temporal data on the m regions; a second presentation module, configured
  • the time axis is a circular time axis based on polar coordinates, the curve being located inside a circular circle surrounded by the circular time axis, The irregular area is surrounded by the curve and the radius of the circle.
  • the time axis is a linear coordinate axis
  • the irregular region is represented by the curve and the linear time axis And a vertical line perpendicular to the time axis.
  • the multiple spatio-temporal data is spatio-temporal data in a first subset of the spatio-temporal data set, and the spatio-temporal data set Include n subsets, the first subset is any subset of the n subsets, the n subsets correspond to consecutive n time periods one by one, wherein the time and space data record time in each subset is located
  • the apparatus further includes: a third rendering module, configured to render, on the time axis, the first subset of the n subsets by using the display device Curve profiles and tree diagrams for other subsets.
  • the time axis is a circular time axis based on polar coordinates, and the time corresponding to the circular time axis is 24 hours a day.
  • the time domain information of the spatiotemporal data is presented through the curve distribution graph, and the regional information of the spatiotemporal data is presented through the tree graph, and the change of the time domain data of the spatiotemporal data is presented through the combination of the curve distribution graph and the tree graph, thereby utilizing
  • the tree diagram enables visualization of spatiotemporal data.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of a conventional tree diagram.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for visualizing data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tree diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a tree diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a partitioning process of a tree diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a data visualization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a data visualization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for visualizing data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method of Figure 2 includes:
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the type of the event.
  • the event may be an event related to crowd activity, such as an event describing that the crowd appears/eats at a certain place, or may be a mobile event describing the flow of the person, or It can be a check-in event on a social network, etc.
  • the distribution of the number of spatio-temporal data over time may specifically refer to the amount of spatio-temporal data distributed at each time point or each time period.
  • the plurality of spatio-temporal data distributions are distributed in the 24 hours a day, and the number of spatio-temporal data generated in each of the 24 hours is calculated according to the time recorded by the plurality of spatio-temporal data, thereby obtaining the distribution of the spatio-temporal data over time.
  • the time interval can be divided by hours, or divided by half an hour, or even by minutes, and the shorter the time interval is divided, the finer the distribution is.
  • the distribution of the plurality of spatiotemporal data over time may refer to the quantity, frequency, frequency or frequency of the plurality of spatiotemporal data occurring at various time points or time periods.
  • a display device presenting a curve distribution graph for characterizing distribution of the plurality of spatiotemporal data over time, the curve distribution graph including a time axis, a curve that changes with a time axis, and a curve surrounded by the curve Rule area.
  • the shape of the above curve and the irregular area is related to the specific form of the time axis.
  • the time axis may be a circular time axis based on polar coordinates.
  • the curve in the curve distribution graph may be a curve located inside the circular time axis, and the curve may pass between the center and the center of the circle.
  • the distance variation characterizes the distribution of the amount of spatiotemporal data over a certain period of time (the period corresponding to the sector of the curve); the irregular region may be an area surrounded by curves and two radii of the circle, which is an area An irregular fan-shaped area. As shown in FIG.
  • the time axis can also be a linear coordinate axis (such as a horizontal axis).
  • the curve can represent the distribution of the number of spatiotemporal data over time by the change of the distance from the time axis; the irregular region can be a curve.
  • the timeline, and the area enclosed by the line segments of the vertical time axis are an irregular rectangular area.
  • the time corresponding to the circumference of the circular coordinate axis may be 24 hours a day, or may be one week, one month, or one year. This embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit this. In fact, the circumference may represent an arbitrary time span.
  • the distribution of multiple spatio-temporal data in m regions may specifically indicate the number, frequency, frequency or frequency of occurrence of multiple spatio-temporal data in m regions.
  • the plurality of spatio-temporal data may be traversed, and the region to which each spatio-temporal data record belongs is determined as the region corresponding to the spatio-temporal data, and after all the spatio-temporal data is traversed, the number of spatio-temporal data corresponding to each of the m regions may be obtained. .
  • the tree device is presented in the irregular region by using the display device, and the tree map divides the irregular region into m sub-regions corresponding to the m regions one by one.
  • the area of each of the m sub-regions is used to indicate the number of spatio-temporal data distributed within the region corresponding to each sub-region.
  • the time domain information of the spatiotemporal data is presented through the curve distribution diagram, and the regional information of the spatiotemporal data is presented through the tree diagram, and the combination of the curve distribution map and the tree diagram presents the change of the time and space domain of the spatiotemporal data, thereby utilizing the tree.
  • the diagram enables visualization of spatiotemporal data.
  • the tree diagram in the prior art is to divide the rectangular area of the rule, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the tree diagram needs to be presented in the irregular area, or the tree diagram needs to implement the division of the irregular area.
  • the tree diagram needs to be presented in the irregular area, or the tree diagram needs to implement the division of the irregular area.
  • a new division method is given to realize the presentation of the tree diagram in the irregular area.
  • step 250 may include: arranging m points in the irregular area, the m points corresponding to the m areas one by one; according to the m points Regulation a location in the area, and a distribution of the number of the spatio-temporal data on the m areas, determining a segmentation position of the irregular area, where the segmentation position of the irregular area is used to The region is divided into the m-block sub-regions such that each of the m-block sub-regions includes one of the m points; using the display device, presenting the segmentation location according to the segmentation location A tree diagram formed by an irregular area.
  • the segmentation mode of the irregular region in the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for presenting a tree diagram in an irregular region.
  • the above layout of m points in the irregular area may mean determining the initial positions of the m points in the irregular area.
  • the initial layout manner of the m points in the irregular region is not specifically limited. For example, it may be randomly selected or determined according to the positional relationship of the m regions represented by the m points.
  • the location of the cut can include:
  • Step A determining the irregular area as a target area to be processed
  • Step B determining a dicing direction of the target area according to a ratio of a width and a height of the target area, where the dicing direction includes a transverse cut and a longitudinal cut, the cross cut indicating that the target area is along the The width direction is divided into two, and the slit indicates that the target area is divided into two along the height direction;
  • Step C determining, according to the locations of all the points in the target area among the m points, and the number of spatio-temporal data in the plurality of spatio-temporal data distributions in the areas corresponding to the all points. Determining a target segmentation position of the irregular region in the segmentation direction, the target segmentation location being selected such that the target region is segmented along the target segmentation position to form a first sub-region of the two sub-regions The difference between the area ratio of the area and the second sub-area and the target ratio is the smallest, and the target ratio is that the number of spatio-temporal data distributed in the area corresponding to the point in the first sub-area corresponds to the point of the second sub-area The proportion of the amount of spatiotemporal data distributed within the territory;
  • Step D moving a point in the irregular area according to a distance and a direction between a position of a center line of the target area in the cutting direction and the target cutting position;
  • Step E When the number of points included in any one of the two sub-regions is greater than 1, the any one of the sub-regions is updated to the target region, and step B to step D are repeated until the The number of points included in any one of the sub-areas is 1.
  • Figure 5 shows the dicing process of an irregular sector.
  • the specific segmentation process is as follows:
  • the first step layout 4 points.
  • the four points w 1 , w 2 , w 3 , and w 4 correspond to the area 1, the area 2, the area 3, and the area 4, respectively, and the initial positions of the four points may be randomly determined, or may be adopted. Other ways to determine. For example, suppose that each spatio-temporal data in multiple spatio-temporal data records the starting and ending locations of an event, and the starting locations of multiple spatio-temporal data belong to the same reference region, and the termination locations are distributed in region 1. In area 2, area 3, and area 4. At this time, the initial position of the four points in the sector area can be determined in proportion to the distance between the four areas and the reference area.
  • the distance between the region 1, the region 2, the region 3, and the region 4 and the reference region is from near to far, and four points w 1 , w 2 , w 3 , w 4 are arranged in the sector region, so that the four points are away from the center of the circle.
  • the distance is from near to far.
  • the lateral position of the four points in the sector can also be laid out in a similar manner (the distance can be changed to an angle), which will not be described in detail here.
  • Step 2 Determine the segmentation method based on the aspect ratio.
  • the aspect ratio of the sector region can be defined in various ways, as shown in FIG. 5(b), the top arc of the sector region has a region with the highest bump, and the region has the lowest pit, the sector region.
  • the height can be: (the highest bump in the area + the lowest pit in the area)/2.
  • the width of the sector may be the arc length corresponding to the sector, and the arc length may be the length of the outer circumference of the sector where the middle point between the highest bump and the center of the circle is located; or the arc length may be the lowest pit and center of the area
  • the intermediate point between the intermediate points is the length of the outer circumference of the sector; or, it may be the average of the above two.
  • the sector When the width of the sector is greater than the height, the sector is divided into two in the height direction by using the slitting; when the height of the sector is greater than the width, the cross-section is used to divide the sector into two in the width direction.
  • the height of the sector in Figure 5 is greater than the width and should be cross-cut.
  • the third step determine the location of the cut.
  • the four points w 1 , w 2 , w 3 , and w 4 each have their own weights, and the weight of each point can indicate the amount of spatio-temporal data distributed in the region corresponding to the point.
  • the determination of the segmentation position can refer to the weights of the points such that the difference between the ratio of the weights of the points in the two sub-regions after the segmentation to the area is minimized.
  • the first sub-area includes 3 points
  • the second sub-area includes 1 point
  • the weight is 7.
  • the selection of the division position is such that the ratio of the first sub-area to the second sub-area is the smallest difference from 6.5/7.
  • the determination of the above-mentioned segmentation position can be calculated by using an existing optimization algorithm (such as Newton's steepest descent method, etc.), which will not be described in detail herein.
  • Step 4 Move the points in the sector according to the distance and direction between the position of the center line in the segmentation direction and the segmentation position.
  • the definition of the center line of the sector area in the dicing direction and the determination of the center line position may be various.
  • the center line in the height direction may be defined as a circular arc
  • the center line in the width direction may be defined as A line segment in the radial direction.
  • the selection of the center line position is such that the area of the two sub-areas formed by dividing the sector area along the center line position is close to or even equal.
  • the four points in the sector can be moved according to the distance and direction between the center line position and the dicing position (the direction of the arrow in Fig. 5(c)). .
  • Step 5 Determine the sub-areas that need to continue to be split and repeat the above steps.
  • Figure 5 (d) shows the result of the first segmentation, as can be seen from Figure 5 (d), the first sub-region includes 3 points, further segmentation is required, and the second sub-region includes 1 dot. No further segmentation is required.
  • the subsequent singulation process of the first sub-area is similar to the above process, see the illustrations of FIG. 5(e) and FIG. 5(f), and will not be described in detail herein.
  • time axis is a circular time axis based on polar coordinates as an example.
  • cutting method of the linear coordinate axis is similar to the above process, and only needs to adjust the position and width of the center line.
  • the height and the distance and direction of the point can be defined and selected, and will not be described here.
  • FIG. 6 to FIG. 7 A method for visualizing data according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 5.
  • a visualization device for data according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 6 to FIG. 7. It should be understood that FIG. 6 to FIG.
  • the apparatus of Figure 7 is capable of implementing the various steps of Figures 1 through 5, and to avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail herein.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a data visualization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 600 of Figure 6 includes:
  • the obtaining module 610 is configured to acquire a plurality of pieces of spatiotemporal data, wherein each of the plurality of spatio-temporal data records a time and a place where an event occurs, and the locations of the plurality of spatio-temporal data records are distributed in the preset m Within the territory, m ⁇ 2;
  • a first determining module 620 configured to determine, according to a time of the multiple pieces of spatiotemporal data recording, a distribution of the plurality of spatiotemporal data over time;
  • a first presentation module 630 configured to present, by using a display device, a curve profile for characterizing a distribution of the plurality of spatiotemporal data over time, the curve profile including a time axis, along with the time axis a curve of variation, and an irregular region enclosed by the curve;
  • a second determining module 640 configured to determine, according to locations of the plurality of spatio-temporal data records, a distribution of the plurality of spatio-temporal data on the m regions;
  • a second presentation module 650 configured to present, according to the distribution of the plurality of pieces of spatiotemporal data on the m regions, a tree map in the irregular region by using the display device, where the tree graph
  • the rule area is divided into m sub-regions that are in one-to-one correspondence with the m regions, and an area of each of the m sub-regions is used to indicate the number of spatio-temporal data distributed in the region corresponding to each sub-region.
  • the time domain information of the spatiotemporal data is presented through the curve distribution graph, and the regional information of the spatiotemporal data is presented through the tree graph, and the change of the time domain data of the spatiotemporal data is presented through the combination of the curve distribution graph and the tree graph, thereby utilizing
  • the tree diagram enables visualization of spatiotemporal data.
  • the time axis is a circular time axis based on a polar coordinate
  • the curve is located inside a circle surrounded by the circular time axis
  • the irregular region is formed by the curve Enclosed with the radius of the circle.
  • the time axis is a linear coordinate axis
  • the irregular region is surrounded by the curve, the linear time axis, and a perpendicular perpendicular to the time axis.
  • the multiple pieces of spatiotemporal data are spatiotemporal data in a first subset of a spatiotemporal data set
  • the spatiotemporal data set includes n subsets
  • the first subset is the n subsets Any one of the subsets, wherein the n subsets correspond to consecutive n time periods, wherein the time of the spatiotemporal data record in each subset is located in a time period corresponding to each of the subsets
  • the device further includes: And a rendering module, configured to display, on the time axis, a curve distribution map and a tree diagram corresponding to the subsets of the n subsets other than the first subset by using the display device.
  • the time axis is a circular time axis based on polar coordinates, and the circular time axis corresponds to a time of 24 hours a day.
  • the second presentation module 650 may be specifically configured to lay out m points in the irregular area, where the m points correspond to the m areas one by one; according to the m points a location within the irregular area, and a distribution of the number of spatio-temporal data over the m regions, determining a segmentation location of the irregular region, the segmentation location of the irregular region being used for
  • the irregular region is divided into the m-block sub-regions such that each of the m-block sub-regions
  • the area includes one of the m points; and the display device is used to present a tree diagram formed by dividing the irregular area according to the segmentation position.
  • the segmentation mode of the irregular region in the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for presenting a tree diagram in an irregular region.
  • the second presentation module 650 may be specifically configured to perform the following steps: Step A: determining the irregular area as a target area to be processed; Step B, according to a width of the target area, and a ratio of heights determining a dicing direction of the target region, the dicing direction including a crosscut and a slit, the crosscut indicating dividing the target region into two along the width direction, the slitting Indicates that the target area is divided into two along the height direction; step C, according to the positions of all the points in the target area among the m points, and the distribution in the plurality of spatiotemporal data Determining, by the number of spatiotemporal data in the region corresponding to all the points, a target segmentation position of the irregular region in the segmentation direction, the target segmentation location being selected such that the target region is along the target The difference between the area ratio of the first sub-area and the second sub-area in the two sub-areas divided by the splitting position and the target ratio is the smallest
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a data visualization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 700 of Figure 7 includes:
  • a memory 710 configured to store a program
  • a processor 720 configured to execute a program, when the program is executed, the processor 720 is specifically configured to acquire a plurality of pieces of spatiotemporal data, and each of the plurality of spatio-temporal data records an event occurrence time And a location, where the plurality of spatio-temporal data records are distributed in a preset m regions, m ⁇ 2; determining, according to the time of the plurality of spatio-temporal data records, distribution of the plurality of spatio-temporal data over time; a display device, presenting a curve profile for characterizing a distribution of the plurality of spatiotemporal data over time, the curve profile comprising a time axis, a curve that varies with the time axis, and a curve a defined irregular area; determining, according to the location of the plurality of spatio-temporal data records, the distribution of the plurality of spatio-temporal data on the m regions; and the plurality of spatio-temporal data on the m regions Distributing, using the display device
  • the time domain information of the spatiotemporal data is presented through the curve distribution graph, and the regional information of the spatiotemporal data is presented through the tree graph, and the change of the time domain data of the spatiotemporal data is presented through the combination of the curve distribution graph and the tree graph, thereby utilizing
  • the tree diagram enables visualization of spatiotemporal data.
  • the time axis is a circular time axis based on a polar coordinate
  • the curve is located inside a circle surrounded by the circular time axis
  • the irregular region is formed by the curve Enclosed with the radius of the circle.
  • the time axis is a linear coordinate axis
  • the irregular region is surrounded by the curve, the linear time axis, and a perpendicular perpendicular to the time axis.
  • the multiple pieces of spatiotemporal data are spatiotemporal data in a first subset of a spatiotemporal data set
  • the spatiotemporal data set includes n subsets
  • the first subset is the n subsets Any one of the subsets, the n subsets corresponding to consecutive n time periods, wherein the time of the spatiotemporal data record in each subset is located in a time period corresponding to each of the subsets
  • the processor 720 is further used to Using the display device, a curve profile and a tree diagram corresponding to other subsets of the n subsets other than the first subset are presented on the time axis.
  • the time axis is a circular time axis based on polar coordinates, and the circular time axis corresponds to a time of 24 hours a day.
  • the processor 720 may be specifically configured to lay out m points in the irregular area, where the m points correspond to the m areas one by one; according to the m points a location within the irregular area, and a distribution of the number of spatio-temporal data over the m regions, determining a segmentation location of the irregular region, the segmentation location of the irregular region being used for
  • the irregular region is divided into the m-block sub-regions such that each of the m-block sub-regions includes one of the m points; using the display device, the rendering is performed according to the segmentation
  • the position is divided into a tree diagram formed by the irregular area.
  • the segmentation mode of the irregular region in the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for presenting a tree diagram in an irregular region.
  • the processor 720 may be specifically configured to perform the following steps: Step A: determining the irregular area as a target area to be processed; Step B, according to a width of the target area, and a ratio of a height, a dicing direction of the target area, the dicing direction including a cross cut and a slit, the cross cut indicating that the target area is divided into two along the width direction, The slitting indicates dividing the target area into two along the height direction; step C, according to positions of all points in the target area among the m points, and the plurality of spatiotemporal data a quantity of spatio-temporal data distributed in a region corresponding to the all points, determining a target segmentation position of the irregular region in the segmentation direction, the target segmentation location being selected such that the target region a difference between an area ratio of the first sub-region and the second sub-region and a target ratio of the two sub-regions segmented along the target segmentation position is the smallest, the target ratio being
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product.
  • the technical solution of the present invention which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like. .

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Abstract

本发明提供一种数据的可视化方法和装置，该方法包括：利用显示设备，呈现曲线分布图，曲线分布图用于表征多条时空数据随时间的分布，曲线分布图包括时间轴、随时间轴变化的曲线、以及由曲线围成的不规则区域；利用显示设备，在不规则区域内呈现树图，树图将不规则区域切分成与m个地域一一对应的m个子区域，m个子区域中的每个子区域的面积用于指示每个子区域对应的地域内分布的时空数据的数量。本发明利用树图实现了时空数据的可视化。

Description

数据的可视化方法和装置 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及可视化领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种数据的可视化方法和装置。
背景技术
无线通讯技术的进步和智能终端设备的普及共同催生了大数据。在大数据时代，每天会产生大量的时空数据。所谓时空数据是包含时间和空间信息的数据，例如，无线网络中的基站记录的包含用户打电话的时间和地点的数据，社交网络上的用户的签到数据等。时空数据能够很好地反映人们日常工作、社交、生活的习惯与规律，因此，时空数据的可视化是可视化领域研究的热点。
树图(treemap)是可视化领域常用的数据呈现方式。图1示出了传统树图的形式。具体地，图1是美国人口密度分布图，第一层级的矩形表示的是美国人口在加州这一层级的分布情况，每个州对应的矩形又被分成了更小的矩形，表示州内的人口在城市这一层级的分布情况。传统的树图能够形象直观地呈现数据在某一个维度的分布，但仅限于一个维度(如图1仅从地域这个维度表征数据的分布)，而时空数据既包含时域维度的信息，又包含地域维度的信息，传统的树图无法运用于时空数据的可视化。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种数据的可视化方法和装置，利用树图实现时空数据的可视化。
第一方面，提供一种数据的可视化方法，包括：获取多条时空数据，所述多条时空数据中的每条时空数据记录了一个事件发生的时间和地点，所述多条时空数据记录的地点分布在预设的m个地域内，m≥2；根据所述多条时空数据记录的时间，确定所述多条时空数据随时间的分布；利用显示设备，呈现曲线分布图，所述曲线分布图用于表征所述多条时空数据随时间的分布，所述曲线分布图包括时间轴、随所述时间轴变化的曲线、以及由所述曲线围成的不规则区域；根据所述多条时空数据记录的地点，确定所述多条时空数 据在所述m个地域上的分布；根据所述多条时空数据在所述m个地域上的分布，利用所述显示设备，在所述不规则区域内呈现树图，所述树图将所述不规则区域切分成与所述m个地域一一对应的m个子区域，所述m个子区域中的每个子区域的面积用于指示所述每个子区域对应的地域内分布的时空数据的数量。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述时间轴是基于极坐标的圆形时间轴，所述曲线位于所述圆形时间轴围成的圆形的内部，所述不规则区域由所述曲线与所述圆形的半径围成。
结合第一方面或其上述实现方式的任一种，在第一方面的另一种实现方式中，所述时间轴为直线坐标轴，所述不规则区域由所述曲线、所述直线时间轴以及垂直于所述时间轴的垂线围成。
结合第一方面或其上述实现方式的任一种，在第一方面的另一种实现方式中，所述多条时空数据为时空数据集的第一子集中的时空数据，所述时空数据集包括n个子集，所述第一子集为所述n个子集中的任意一个子集，所述n个子集一一对应连续的n个时段，其中每个子集内的时空数据记录的时间位于所述每个子集对应的时段内，所述方法还包括：利用所述显示设备，在所述时间轴上呈现所述n个子集中的除所述第一子集之外的其他子集对应的曲线分布图和树图。
结合第一方面或其上述实现方式的任一种，在第一方面的另一种实现方式中，所述时间轴为基于极坐标的圆形时间轴，所述圆形时间轴对应的时间为一天24小时。
第二方面，提供一种数据的可视化装置，包括：获取模块，用于获取多条时空数据，所述多条时空数据中的每条时空数据记录了一个事件发生的时间和地点，所述多条时空数据记录的地点分布在预设的m个地域内，m≥2；第一确定模块，用于根据所述多条时空数据记录的时间，确定所述多条时空数据随时间的分布；第一呈现模块，用于利用显示设备，呈现曲线分布图，所述曲线分布图用于表征所述多条时空数据随时间的分布，所述曲线分布图包括时间轴、随所述时间轴变化的曲线、以及由所述曲线围成的不规则区域；第二确定模块，用于根据所述多条时空数据记录的地点，确定所述多条时空数据在所述m个地域上的分布；第二呈现模块，用于根据所述多条时空数据在所述m个地域上的分布，利用所述显示设备，在所述不规则区域内呈现树 图，所述树图将所述不规则区域切分成与所述m个地域一一对应的m个子区域，所述m个子区域中的每个子区域的面积用于指示所述每个子区域对应的地域内分布的时空数据的数量。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的一种实现方式中，所述时间轴是基于极坐标的圆形时间轴，所述曲线位于所述圆形时间轴围成的圆形的内部，所述不规则区域由所述曲线与所述圆形的半径围成。
结合第二方面或其上述实现方式的任一种，在第二方面的另一种实现方式中，所述时间轴为直线坐标轴，所述不规则区域由所述曲线、所述直线时间轴以及垂直于所述时间轴的垂线围成。
结合第二方面或其上述实现方式的任一种，在第二方面的另一种实现方式中，所述多条时空数据为时空数据集的第一子集中的时空数据，所述时空数据集包括n个子集，所述第一子集为所述n个子集中的任意一个子集，所述n个子集一一对应连续的n个时段，其中每个子集内的时空数据记录的时间位于所述每个子集对应的时段内，所述装置还包括：第三呈现模块，用于利用所述显示设备，在所述时间轴上呈现所述n个子集中的除所述第一子集之外的其他子集对应的曲线分布图和树图。
结合第二方面或其上述实现方式的任一种，在第二方面的另一种实现方式中，所述时间轴为基于极坐标的圆形时间轴，所述圆形时间轴对应的时间为一天24小时。
本发明实施例中，通过曲线分布图呈现时空数据的时域信息，通过树图呈现时空数据的地域信息，通过曲线分布图和树图的结合呈现时空数据的地域随时域的变化情况，从而利用树图实现了时空数据的可视化。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是传统树图的示例图。
图2是本发明实施例的数据的可视化方法的示意性流程图。
图3是本发明实施例的树图的示意图。
图4是本发明实施例的树图的示意图。
图5是本发明实施例的树图的划分过程的示意图。
图6是本发明实施例的数据的可视化装置的示意性框图。
图7是本发明实施例的数据的可视化装置的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应属于本发明保护的范围。
图2是本发明实施例的数据的可视化方法的示意性流程图。图2的方法包括：
210、获取多条时空数据，该多条时空数据中的每条时空数据记录了一个事件发生的时间和地点，该多条时空数据记录的地点分布在预设的m个地域内，m≥2。
应理解，本发明实施例对事件的类型不作具体限定，例如，事件可以是人群活动相关的事件，如描述人群在某个地点出现/吃饭的事件，或者可以是描述人流的移动事件，或者也可以是社交网络的签到事件等。
220、根据该多条时空数据记录的时间，确定该多条时空数据随时间的分布。
应理解，时空数据的数量随时间的分布具体可指各时间点或各时间段分布的时空数据的多少。例如，上述多条时空数据分布在一天24小时中，根据该多条时空数据记录的时间，计算24小时中的每个小时产生的时空数据的数量，即可得到时空数据的数量随时间的分布。当然，具体计算时，时间间隔可以按小时划分，也可以按半个小时划分，甚至按分钟划分，时间间隔划分越短，得到的分布越精细。
应理解，上述多条时空数据随时间的分布可以指该多条时空数据在各个时间点或时间段内出现的数量、频率、频度或频次。
230、利用显示设备，呈现曲线分布图，该曲线分布图用于表征该多条时空数据随时间的分布，该曲线分布图包括时间轴、随时间轴变化的曲线、以及由曲线围成的不规则区域。
应理解，上述曲线、不规则区域的形状与时间轴的具体形式有关。具体地，参见图3，时间轴可以是基于极坐标的圆形时间轴，此时，曲线分布图中的曲线可以是位于圆形时间轴内部的一段曲线，该曲线可以通过与圆心之间的距离变化表征某个时段(曲线所在扇形区域对应的时段)内的时空数据的数量随时间的分布；不规则区域可以是由曲线、以及圆形的两条半径首尾相连围成的区域，是一种不规则的扇形区域。如图4所示，时间轴也可以是直线坐标轴(如横轴)，此时，曲线可以通过与时间轴之间的距离变化表征时空数据数量随时间的分布；不规则区域可以是由曲线、时间轴，以及垂直时间轴的线段首尾相连围成的区域，是一种不规则的矩形区域。
应理解，圆形坐标轴的圆周对应的时间可以为一天24小时，也可以是一周、一个月、一年，本发明实施例对此不作具体限定，实际上，圆周可以表示任意的时间跨度。
240、根据该多条时空数据记录的地点，确定多条时空数据在m个地域上的分布。
应理解，多条时空数据在m个地域的分布具体可表示多条时空数据在m个地域上出现的数量、频率、频次或频度。具体地，可以遍历多条时空数据，将每个时空数据记录的地点所属的地域确定为该时空数据对应的地域，遍历完所有时空数据之后，即可得到m个地域各自对应的时空数据的数量。
250、根据多条时空数据在m个地域上的分布，利用显示设备，在不规则区域内呈现树图，该树图将该不规则区域切分成与m个地域一一对应的m个子区域，m个子区域中的每个子区域的面积用于指示该每个子区域对应的地域内分布的时空数据的数量。
本发明实施例中，通过曲线分布图呈现时空数据的时域信息，通过树图呈现时空数据的地域信息，通过曲线分布图和树图的结合呈现时空数据的地域随时域的变化，从而利用树图实现了时空数据的可视化。
应理解，现有技术中的树图是对规则的矩形区域进行划分，而在本发明实施例中，需要在不规则区域内呈现树图，或者说树图要实现对不规则区域的划分，当然，这种划分方式有很多，甚至可以人为地手工划分，下面结合具体的例子，给出一种新的划分方式，以实现在不规则区域内呈现树图。
可选地，作为一个实施例，步骤250可包括：在所述不规则区域内布局m个点，所述m个点一一对应所述m个地域；根据所述m个点在所述不规 则区域内的位置，以及所述时空数据的数量在所述m个地域上的分布，确定所述不规则区域的切分位置，所述不规则区域的切分位置用于将所述不规则区域切分成所述m块子区域，使得所述m块子区域中的每个子区域包含所述m个点中的1个点；利用所述显示设备，呈现按照所述切分位置切分所述不规则区域所形成的树图。本发明实施例的不规则区域的切分方式适用于在不规则区域中呈现树图。
应理解，上述在不规则区域内布局m个点可以指在该不规则区域中确定该m个点的初始位置。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例对该m个点在该不规则区域中的初始布局方式不作具体限定。例如，可以随机选取，也可以根据该m个点所代表的m个地域的位置关系确定。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述根据所述m个点在所述不规则区域内的位置，以及所述时空数据的数量在所述m个地域上的分布，确定所述不规则区域的切分位置，可包括：
步骤A、将所述不规则区域确定为待处理的目标区域；
步骤B、根据所述目标区域的宽度和高度的比例，确定所述目标区域的切分方向，所述切分方向包括横切和纵切，所述横切表示将所述目标区域沿所述宽度方向一分为二，所述纵切表示将所述目标区域沿所述高度方向一分为二；
步骤C、根据所述m个点中的位于所述目标区域内的所有点的位置，以及所述多个时空数据中的分布在所述所有点对应的地域内的时空数据的数量，确定所述不规则区域在所述切分方向上的目标切分位置，所述目标切分位置的选取使得所述目标区域沿所述目标切分位置切分而成的两个子区域中的第一子区域与第二子区域的面积比例与目标比例之差最小，所述目标比例为所述第一子区域内的点对应的地域内分布的时空数据的数量与所述第二子区域的点对应的地域内分布的时空数据的数量的比例；
步骤D、按照所述目标区域在所述切分方向上的中线的位置和所述目标切分位置之间的距离与方向，移动所述不规则区域中的点；
步骤E、当所述两个子区域中的任意一个子区域所包含的点的个数大于1时，将所述任意一个子区域更新为所述目标区域，重复执行步骤B至步骤D，直到所述任意一个子区域所包含的点数为1。
下面结合图5，以上述时间轴为基于极坐标的圆形时间轴为例进行举例说明。图5示出了1块不规则的扇形区域的切分过程。图5(a)为待切分的扇形区域，假设m＝4，那么需要将图5(a)中的扇形区域切分成4块子区域，具体切分过程如下：
第一步：布局4个点。
如图5(b)所示，4个点w1,w2,w3,w4分别对应地域1、地域2、地域3和地域4，4个点的初始位置可以随机确定，也可以采用其他方式确定。举例说明，假设多条时空数据中的每条时空数据均记录了某个事件的起始地点和终止地点，而且多条时空数据的起始地点均属于同一参考地域，终止地点分布在地域1、地域2、地域3和地域4中。此时，可以根据这4个地域与参考地域的距离成比例确定4个点在扇形区域中的初始位置。例如，地域1、地域2、地域3和地域4与参考地域距离从近到远，在扇形区域中布局4个点w1,w2,w3,w4，使得该4个点距离圆心的距离依次从近到远。当然，4个点在扇形区域中的横向位置也可以按照类似方式布局(将距离换成角度即可)，此处不再详述。
第二步：根据宽高比，确定切分方式。
应理解，扇形区域的宽高比的定义方式可以有多种，以图5(b)为例，该扇形区域的顶弧有一个区域最高凸点，还有一个区域最低凹点，扇形区域的高度可以为：(区域最高凸点+区域最低凹点)/2。扇形区域的宽度可以为扇形区域所对应的弧长，该弧长可以是区域最高凸点和圆心之间的中间点所在扇形的外圆周长度；或者，该弧长可以是区域最低凹点和圆心之间的中间点所在扇形的外圆周长度；或者，可以是上面两者的平均。
当扇形区域的宽度大于高度时，采用纵切，将该扇形区域沿高度方向一分为二；当扇形区域的高度大于宽度时，采用横切，将该扇形区域沿宽度方向一分为二。图5中的扇形区域的高度大于宽度，应采用横切。
第三步：确定切分位置。
从图5可以看出，4个点w1,w2,w3,w4均有各自的权值，每个点的权值可以表示分布在该点对应的地域的时空数据的多少。切分位置的确定可以参考这些点的权值，使得切分后的两个子区域中的点的权值之比与面积之比的差最小。例如，图5(c)中，第一子区域包括3个点，权值为3+2+0.5＝6.5，第二子区域包括1个点，权值为7。此时，切分位置的选取使得第一子区域 与第二子区域之比与6.5/7之差最小。上述切分位置的确定可以利用现有的优化算法(如牛顿最速下降法等)计算得到，此处不再详述。
第四步：按照切分方向上的中线的位置与切分位置之间的距离和方向，移动扇形区域中的点。
应理解，扇形区域在切分方向上的中线的定义方式，以及中线位置的确定方式可以有多种，例如，在高度方向上的中线可以定义为一段圆弧，在宽度方向的中线可以定义为径向的一条线段。以高度方向的中线为例，中线位置的选择尽量使沿中线位置将扇形区域切分而成的两个子区域的面积接近甚至相等。如图5(c)所示，在得到切分位置之后，就可以按照中线位置与切分位置之间的距离与方向(图5(c)中的箭头方向)移动扇形区域中的4个点。
第五步：确定需要继续切分的子区域，重复执行上述步骤。
图5(d)示出了第一次切分的结果，从图5(d)可以看出，第一子区域包括3个点，需要进一步切分，而第二子区域包括1个点，不需要进一步切分。第一子区域的后续切分过程与上述过程类似，参见图5(e)和图5(f)的图示，此处不再详述。
需要说明的是，此处是以时间轴为基于极坐标的圆形时间轴为例进行举例说明，但应理解，直线坐标轴的切分方式与上述过程类似，仅需要调整中线位置、宽度、高度以及点的移动距离和方向等的定义和选取方式即可，此处不再赘述。
上文结合图1至图5，详细描述了根据本发明实施例的数据的可视化方法，下文结合图6至图7，详细描述根据本发明实施例的数据的可视化装置，应理解，图6至图7的装置能够实现图1至图5中的各个步骤，为避免重复，此处不再详述。
图6是本发明实施例的数据的可视化装置的示意性框图。图6的装置600包括：
获取模块610，用于获取多条时空数据，所述多条时空数据中的每条时空数据记录了一个事件发生的时间和地点，所述多条时空数据记录的地点分布在预设的m个地域内，m≥2；
第一确定模块620，用于根据所述多条时空数据记录的时间，确定所述多条时空数据随时间的分布；
第一呈现模块630，用于利用显示设备，呈现曲线分布图，所述曲线分布图用于表征所述多条时空数据随时间的分布，所述曲线分布图包括时间轴、随所述时间轴变化的曲线、以及由所述曲线围成的不规则区域；
第二确定模块640，用于根据所述多条时空数据记录的地点，确定所述多条时空数据在所述m个地域上的分布；
第二呈现模块650，用于根据所述多条时空数据在所述m个地域上的分布，利用所述显示设备，在所述不规则区域内呈现树图，所述树图将所述不规则区域切分成与所述m个地域一一对应的m个子区域，所述m个子区域中的每个子区域的面积用于指示所述每个子区域对应的地域内分布的时空数据的数量。
本发明实施例中，通过曲线分布图呈现时空数据的时域信息，通过树图呈现时空数据的地域信息，通过曲线分布图和树图的结合呈现时空数据的地域随时域的变化情况，从而利用树图实现了时空数据的可视化。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述时间轴是基于极坐标的圆形时间轴，所述曲线位于所述圆形时间轴围成的圆形的内部，所述不规则区域由所述曲线与所述圆形的半径围成。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述时间轴为直线坐标轴，所述不规则区域由所述曲线、所述直线时间轴以及垂直于所述时间轴的垂线围成。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述多条时空数据为时空数据集的第一子集中的时空数据，所述时空数据集包括n个子集，所述第一子集为所述n个子集中的任意一个子集，所述n个子集一一对应连续的n个时段，其中每个子集内的时空数据记录的时间位于所述每个子集对应的时段内，所述装置还包括：第三呈现模块，用于利用所述显示设备，在所述时间轴上呈现所述n个子集中的除所述第一子集之外的其他子集对应的曲线分布图和树图。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述时间轴为基于极坐标的圆形时间轴，所述圆形时间轴对应的时间为一天24小时。
可选地，作为一个实施例，第二呈现模块650可具体用于在所述不规则区域内布局m个点，所述m个点一一对应所述m个地域；根据所述m个点在所述不规则区域内的位置，以及所述时空数据的数量在所述m个地域上的分布，确定所述不规则区域的切分位置，所述不规则区域的切分位置用于将所述不规则区域切分成所述m块子区域，使得所述m块子区域中的每个子 区域包含所述m个点中的1个点；利用所述显示设备，呈现按照所述切分位置切分所述不规则区域所形成的树图。本发明实施例的不规则区域的切分方式适用于在不规则区域中呈现树图。
可选地，作为一个实施例，第二呈现模块650可具体用于执行以下步骤：步骤A、将所述不规则区域确定为待处理的目标区域；步骤B、根据所述目标区域的宽度和高度的比例，确定所述目标区域的切分方向，所述切分方向包括横切和纵切，所述横切表示将所述目标区域沿所述宽度方向一分为二，所述纵切表示将所述目标区域沿所述高度方向一分为二；步骤C、根据所述m个点中的位于所述目标区域内的所有点的位置，以及所述多个时空数据中的分布在所述所有点对应的地域内的时空数据的数量，确定所述不规则区域在所述切分方向上的目标切分位置，所述目标切分位置的选取使得所述目标区域沿所述目标切分位置切分而成的两个子区域中的第一子区域与第二子区域的面积比例与目标比例之差最小，所述目标比例为所述第一子区域内的点对应的地域内分布的时空数据的数量与所述第二子区域的点对应的地域内分布的时空数据的数量的比例；步骤D、按照所述目标区域在所述切分方向上的中线的位置和所述目标切分位置之间的距离与方向，移动所述不规则区域中的点；步骤E、当所述两个子区域中的任意一个子区域所包含的点的个数大于1时，将所述任意一个子区域更新为所述目标区域，重复执行步骤B至步骤D，直到所述任意一个子区域所包含的点数为1。
图7是本发明实施例的数据的可视化装置的示意性框图。图7的装置700包括：
存储器710，用于存储程序；
处理器720，用于执行程序，当所述程序被执行时，所述处理器720具体用于获取多条时空数据，所述多条时空数据中的每条时空数据记录了一个事件发生的时间和地点，所述多条时空数据记录的地点分布在预设的m个地域内，m≥2；根据所述多条时空数据记录的时间，确定所述多条时空数据随时间的分布；利用显示设备，呈现曲线分布图，所述曲线分布图用于表征所述多条时空数据随时间的分布，所述曲线分布图包括时间轴、随所述时间轴变化的曲线、以及由所述曲线围成的不规则区域；根据所述多条时空数据记录的地点，确定所述多条时空数据在所述m个地域上的分布；根据所述多条时空数据在所述m个地域上的分布，利用所述显示设备，在所述不规则区域 内呈现树图，所述树图将所述不规则区域切分成与所述m个地域一一对应的m个子区域，所述m个子区域中的每个子区域的面积用于指示所述每个子区域对应的地域内分布的时空数据的数量。
本发明实施例中，通过曲线分布图呈现时空数据的时域信息，通过树图呈现时空数据的地域信息，通过曲线分布图和树图的结合呈现时空数据的地域随时域的变化情况，从而利用树图实现了时空数据的可视化。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述时间轴是基于极坐标的圆形时间轴，所述曲线位于所述圆形时间轴围成的圆形的内部，所述不规则区域由所述曲线与所述圆形的半径围成。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述时间轴为直线坐标轴，所述不规则区域由所述曲线、所述直线时间轴以及垂直于所述时间轴的垂线围成。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述多条时空数据为时空数据集的第一子集中的时空数据，所述时空数据集包括n个子集，所述第一子集为所述n个子集中的任意一个子集，所述n个子集一一对应连续的n个时段，其中每个子集内的时空数据记录的时间位于所述每个子集对应的时段内，所述处理器720还用于利用所述显示设备，在所述时间轴上呈现所述n个子集中的除所述第一子集之外的其他子集对应的曲线分布图和树图。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述时间轴为基于极坐标的圆形时间轴，所述圆形时间轴对应的时间为一天24小时。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述处理器720可具体用于在所述不规则区域内布局m个点，所述m个点一一对应所述m个地域；根据所述m个点在所述不规则区域内的位置，以及所述时空数据的数量在所述m个地域上的分布，确定所述不规则区域的切分位置，所述不规则区域的切分位置用于将所述不规则区域切分成所述m块子区域，使得所述m块子区域中的每个子区域包含所述m个点中的1个点；利用所述显示设备，呈现按照所述切分位置切分所述不规则区域所形成的树图。本发明实施例的不规则区域的切分方式适用于在不规则区域中呈现树图。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述处理器720可具体用于执行以下步骤：步骤A、将所述不规则区域确定为待处理的目标区域；步骤B、根据所述目标区域的宽度和高度的比例，确定所述目标区域的切分方向，所述切分方向包括横切和纵切，所述横切表示将所述目标区域沿所述宽度方向一分为二， 所述纵切表示将所述目标区域沿所述高度方向一分为二；步骤C、根据所述m个点中的位于所述目标区域内的所有点的位置，以及所述多个时空数据中的分布在所述所有点对应的地域内的时空数据的数量，确定所述不规则区域在所述切分方向上的目标切分位置，所述目标切分位置的选取使得所述目标区域沿所述目标切分位置切分而成的两个子区域中的第一子区域与第二子区域的面积比例与目标比例之差最小，所述目标比例为所述第一子区域内的点对应的地域内分布的时空数据的数量与所述第二子区域的点对应的地域内分布的时空数据的数量的比例；步骤D、按照所述目标区域在所述切分方向上的中线的位置和所述目标切分位置之间的距离与方向，移动所述不规则区域中的点；步骤E、当所述两个子区域中的任意一个子区域所包含的点的个数大于1时，将所述任意一个子区域更新为所述目标区域，重复执行步骤B至步骤D，直到所述任意一个子区域所包含的点数为1。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种数据的可视化方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取多条时空数据，所述多条时空数据中的每条时空数据记录了一个事件发生的时间和地点，所述多条时空数据记录的地点分布在预设的m个地域内，m≥2；
    根据所述多条时空数据记录的时间，确定所述多条时空数据随时间的分布；
    利用显示设备，呈现曲线分布图，所述曲线分布图用于表征所述多条时空数据随时间的分布，所述曲线分布图包括时间轴、随所述时间轴变化的曲线、以及由所述曲线围成的不规则区域；
    根据所述多条时空数据记录的地点，确定所述多条时空数据在所述m个地域上的分布；
    根据所述多条时空数据在所述m个地域上的分布，利用所述显示设备，在所述不规则区域内呈现树图，所述树图将所述不规则区域切分成与所述m个地域一一对应的m个子区域，所述m个子区域中的每个子区域的面积用于指示所述每个子区域对应的地域内分布的时空数据的数量。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述时间轴是基于极坐标的圆形时间轴，所述曲线位于所述圆形时间轴围成的圆形的内部，所述不规则区域由所述曲线与所述圆形的半径围成。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述时间轴为直线坐标轴，所述不规则区域由所述曲线、所述直线时间轴以及垂直于所述时间轴的垂线围成。
  4. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多条时空数据为时空数据集的第一子集中的时空数据，所述时空数据集包括n个子集，所述第一子集为所述n个子集中的任意一个子集，所述n个子集一一对应连续的n个时段，其中每个子集内的时空数据记录的时间位于所述每个子集对应的时段内，所述方法还包括：
    利用所述显示设备，在所述时间轴上呈现所述n个子集中的除所述第一子集之外的其他子集对应的曲线分布图和树图。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述时间轴为基于极坐标的圆形时间轴，所述圆形时间轴对应的时间为一天24小时。
  6. 一种数据的可视化装置，其特征在于，包括：
    获取模块，用于获取多条时空数据，所述多条时空数据中的每条时空数据记录了一个事件发生的时间和地点，所述多条时空数据记录的地点分布在预设的m个地域内，m≥2；
    第一确定模块，用于根据所述多条时空数据记录的时间，确定所述多条时空数据随时间的分布；
    第一呈现模块，用于利用显示设备，呈现曲线分布图，所述曲线分布图用于表征所述多条时空数据随时间的分布，所述曲线分布图包括时间轴、随所述时间轴变化的曲线、以及由所述曲线围成的不规则区域；
    第二确定模块，用于根据所述多条时空数据记录的地点，确定所述多条时空数据在所述m个地域上的分布；
    第二呈现模块，用于根据所述多条时空数据在所述m个地域上的分布，利用所述显示设备，在所述不规则区域内呈现树图，所述树图将所述不规则区域切分成与所述m个地域一一对应的m个子区域，所述m个子区域中的每个子区域的面积用于指示所述每个子区域对应的地域内分布的时空数据的数量。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述时间轴是基于极坐标的圆形时间轴，所述曲线位于所述圆形时间轴围成的圆形的内部，所述不规则区域由所述曲线与所述圆形的半径围成。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述时间轴为直线坐标轴，所述不规则区域由所述曲线、所述直线时间轴以及垂直于所述时间轴的垂线围成。
  9. 如权利要求6-8中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述多条时空数据为时空数据集的第一子集中的时空数据，所述时空数据集包括n个子集，所述第一子集为所述n个子集中的任意一个子集，所述n个子集一一对应连续的n个时段，其中每个子集内的时空数据记录的时间位于所述每个子集对应的时段内，所述装置还包括：
    第三呈现模块，用于利用所述显示设备，在所述时间轴上呈现所述n个子集中的除所述第一子集之外的其他子集对应的曲线分布图和树图。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述时间轴为基于极坐标的圆形时间轴，所述圆形时间轴对应的时间为一天24小时。
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