WO2017055437A1 - Organic-based fluorescence sensor with low background signal - Google Patents
Organic-based fluorescence sensor with low background signal Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017055437A1 WO2017055437A1 PCT/EP2016/073241 EP2016073241W WO2017055437A1 WO 2017055437 A1 WO2017055437 A1 WO 2017055437A1 EP 2016073241 W EP2016073241 W EP 2016073241W WO 2017055437 A1 WO2017055437 A1 WO 2017055437A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
- G02B5/223—Absorbing filters containing organic substances, e.g. dyes, inks or pigments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/062—LED's
- G01N2201/0628—Organic LED [OLED]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to fluorescence-based sensors having integral colour filters providing high sensitivity and low detection limits, to arrays comprising the same and to methods of manufacturing the same.
- fluorescence detection systems have become important analytical tools in a large number of technical fields, such as e.g. biology, clinical diagnostics, cellular research, food and environmental research (e.g. agricultural analysis).
- Organic fluorescence sensors which usually comprise an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) for emitting an excitation light signal to a fluorophore analyte and a photodiode for detecting the light signal emitted by the analyte, function according to the following principle: A narrow band excitation light is emitted by the OLED. This emission overlaps with the absorption band of a fluorophore, which is either the analyte being sensed or a label attached to the analyte. The fluorophore absorbs photons and is electrically excited, before vibrationally relaxing and then re-emitting a photon at a higher wavelength to return to the electrical ground state. This higher wavelength emission is detected by an organic photodiode and the current produced is used to calculate the concentration of the analyte.
- OLED organic light-emitting diode
- WO 02/42747 A1 discloses a microfabricated detection system, wherein the light-emitting diode and/or the detector photocells are deposited as a multi- layered structure on a surface of a substrate chip.
- WO 2005/015173 A1 an integrally built up sensor comprising an OLED and a photodiode is disclosed.
- WO 2009/013491 A1 discloses compact fluorescence-based sensors configured in an in-line geometry, wherein the light source, sample and detector substantially share a common optical axis
- Colour filters have been proposed to prevent stray excitation light from reaching the detector and obscuring the weak fluorescence signal.
- Lee et al., Biosensors 2013, 3, 360-373 disclose the use of plastic or glass filters to increase the signal to noise ratio.
- such filters have the disadvantage that they are unsuitable for the production of a miniaturized, closely spaced array device.
- fluorophore samples having a small Stokes shift i.e. small difference between positions of the band maxima of the absorption and emission spectra of the same electronic transition
- such filters are conventionally replaced by costly interference filters.
- interference filters Beside of the high costs involved with their use, interference filters have the disadvantage that their function is highly dependent on the angle of incident light, which typically results in different cut-off wavelengths for different angles of incident light, thereby limiting their applicability to specific sensor geometries.
- the present invention provides a fluorescence- based sensor comprising: an organic light-emitting diode for emitting an excitation light signal to a fluorophore analyte, an organic photodiode for detecting the light signal emitted by the analyte, and at least one integral colour filter which is arranged between the organic light-emitting diode and organic photodiode and which has been deposited by solution processing.
- the present invention provides a fluorescence-based sensor according to the definition above, wherein the at least one integral colour filter is positioned between the organic light-emitting diode and the fluorophore analyte and configured to narrow the wavelength band of the excitation light signal emitted by the organic-light emitting device, and/or wherein the at least one integral colour filter is positioned between the fluorophore analyte and the organic photodiode and configured to block the excitation light signal transmitted by the fluorophore analyte.
- the present invention provides a fluorescence-based sensor according to the definitions above, wherein the sensor comprises: a first integral colour filter positioned between the organic light-emitting diode and the fluorophore analyte and configured to narrow the wavelength band of the excitation light signal emitted by the organic-light emitting diode; a second integral colour filter positioned between the fluorophore analyte and the organic photodiode and configured to block the excitation light signal transmitted by the fluorophore analyte; and a third integral colour filter placed between the first integral colour filter and the analyte and configured to narrow the wavelength band of the light signal transmitted by the first integral colour filter the first, second and third integral colour filters being deposited by solution processing.
- the present invention provides a fluorescence-based sensor according to the definitions above, wherein the organic light-emitting device is an organic light-emitting diode having a microcavity structure.
- an aspect of the present invention is a sensor array comprising a plurality of fluorescence-based sensors according to the definitions above.
- the present invention relates to a method of fabricating a fluorescence-based sensor in accordance to the definitions above.
- an improved sensor system for detection of markers in a sample by fluorescence techniques that offers high sensitivity and low detection limits and which sufficiently compact to enable use for point-of-care or in-the- field applications. Furthermore, the system is low cost.
- FIG. 1 shows the absorption/emission bands of a red fluorophore relative to the OLED emission spectrum.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary sensor configuration according to the invention using an OLED emitting blue light and a red fluorophore.
- FIG. 3 shows absorption spectra for the blue filter DybrightTM SOB 209 and the red filter DybrightTM SOR 835.
- FIG. 4 shows the emission spectra of an exemplary non-filtered and filtered blue OLED and an absorption spectrum of an exemplary red fluorophore.
- FIG. 5 shows the emission spectra of an exemplary non-filtered and filtered blue OLED and a transmission spectrum of an exemplary red filter.
- FIG. 6 shows the emission of an exemplary red fluorophore in relation to the transmission spectrum of an exemplary red filter.
- Fig. 7 shows the influence of filters on the spectrometer counts detected at the organic photodiode.
- FIG. 8 shows the transmission spectra of exemplary color filters and illustrates the effect of combining two integral colour filters between the OLED and the analyte.
- the fluorescence-based sensor in accordance to the present invention comprises an organic light-emitting diode for emitting an excitation light signal to a fluorophore analyte, an organic photodiode for detecting the light signal emitted by the analyte, and at least one integral colour filter which is arranged between the organic light- emitting diode and organic photodiode and which has been deposited by solution processing.
- the wording integral colour filter as used herein is understood to mean that the colour filter is provided directly on another part of the sensor, without manufacturing the sensor separately and using the same for the assembly of the sensor system.
- Solution processing includes e.g. ink-jetting, inkjet spin coating, gravure coating, micro-pen coating, nano-fountain pen coating, dip-pen coating, screen printing, spray coating, slide coating, slot coating, curtain coating, dip coating, and combinations thereof.
- solution processing involves ink-jetting and/or spin coating.
- the thickness of the integral colour filter is not critical and is preferably 10 ⁇ or less, more preferably between 1 and 10 ⁇ .
- the fluorescence-based sensor according to the present invention is solution processable.
- the use of solution deposition technology advantageously allows the patterning of many sensors on one substrate with different colour filters. In this way individual sensors can be configured to analyse different analytes. Accordingly, it is possible to manufacture arrays of sensors which are able to screen a single sample for multiple compounds in one pass. Moreover, it is possible to easily adjust the compositions (e.g. dye or pigment concentration) to tune the integral colour filter to a particular OLED and/or organic photodiode and thereby improve performance.
- solution processable filters work by an absorptive process and exhibit a similar absorption independent of the angle at which incident light enters the filter.
- solution processable filters are useful in a wide range of sensor geometries and where light is being collected from a larger angular source.
- the integral colour filter is prepared by depositing a cross-linkable colour filter composition onto the substrate by a solution processing technique, and cross-linking the composition to form the integral colour filter.
- the cross-linkable composition comprises a polymer and a pigment or a dye, and optionally a monomer, a photoinitiator, and/or a binder.
- the use of cross-linkable compositions allows the colour filter to be deposited under other organic layers, while photo patterning of the colour filter may be easily achieved, thereby offering wide possibilities to manufacture sensor arrays.
- the method of cross-linking is not particularly limited and may be suitably adapted to the used cross-linking mechanism. As examples, a treatment under elevated temperatures or UV-treatment may be mentioned.
- the integral colour filter may be prepared without cross-linking by depositing a pigment or dye (optionally with a polymer) in a solvent which does not solve any material of the layer on which the solution is deposited.
- a pigment or dye optionally with a polymer
- the concept of such orthogonal solvents also allows to stack multiple integral filters onto each other.
- an integral colour filter comprising a water-soluble dye or pigment in aqueous solution may be deposited on top of another integral colour filter which has been deposited previously by using a dye or pigment in organic solvent.
- the fluorescence-based sensor exhibits an in-line geometry, wherein the organic light-emitting diode, the fluorophore analyte, the organic photodioide and the at least one integral colour filter substantially share a common optical axis.
- the fluorophore analyte is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of re- emitting light upon light excitation and may be the target substance to be analyzed (if the target substance is a fluorophore) or a target substance to which a fluorophore label serving as a marker is attached. Moreover, the fluorphore analyte may be in solid phase or in liquid phase.
- the organic photodiode is a broadband photodetector based on organic semiconductors.
- the organic light-emitting diode is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of emitting light signal causing the excitation of fluorophore analyte.
- the OLED may be based on a small molecule emitter or a light-emitting polymer and may exhibit a multi-layered structure.
- the at least one integral colour filter may be placed in one or more positions in the sensor configuration.
- the present inventors identified two preferable positions for improving the signal to noise ratio in fluorescence sensors, which will be discussed in the following:
- Narrow band excitation light emitted by an OLED typically has a spectral width of about 100 nm (full-width half maximum). This emission overlaps with the absorption of a fluorophore, which is either the analyte being sensed or a label attached to the analyte.
- the fluorophore absorbs light and is electrically excited, before vibrational ⁇ relaxing and then re-emitting a photon at a higher wavelength to return to the electrical ground state. This higher wavelength emission is detected by an organic photodiode and the current produced is used to calculate the concentration of the analyte.
- any excitation light that is not absorbed but transmitted by the fluorophore will also reach the photodiode and give rise to a false positive reading, which is generally observed as a small "tail" in the spectrum but can be intense enough to give an appreciable false signal when measuring emission from very weak or low concentration fluorophores.
- FIG. 1 An exemplary spectrum is shown in Fig. 1 , wherein the absorption/emission bands of a red fluorophore are shown relative to the OLED excitation light.
- the OLED emits blue light between about 400 to 500 nm.
- the at least one integral colour filter is positioned between the organic light-emitting diode and the fluorophore analyte and configured to narrow the wavelength band of the excitation light signal emitted by the organic-light emitting device.
- the integral color filter has the effect that the difference between the wavelength limits of the spectral distribution of the light signal exiting the filter is smaller than the difference between the wavelength limits of the spectral distribution of the excitation light.
- the background signal may be effectively suppressed, providing enhanced signal to noise ratio and sensitivity.
- the OLED is included in a microcavity.
- Cavity tuning of OLEDs may be used to narrow the emission band of excitation light.
- the OLED comprises a printed cathode
- cavity tuning becomes more challenging due to the reduced Q-factor of the printed cathode.
- Exemplary methods for the preparation of cavity-tuned OLEDs are disclosed in WO 2002/042747 A1 , WO 201 1/06306 A2, or WO 2005/071770 A2, for example.
- the absorption band of the fluorophore is too narrow to absorb all excitation light emitted by the OLED, so that excitation light is transmitted by the fluorophore and causes a false reading at the organic photodiode.
- the at least one integral colour filter is positioned between the fluorophore analyte and the organic photodiode and configured to block the excitation light signal transmitted by the fluorophore analyte.
- the integral color filter has the effect that the intensity of the signal at wavelength band in the spectral distribution of the light signal exiting the fluorophore and not attributed to the fluorescence signal is reduced.
- the background signal may be effectively suppressed, providing enhanced signal to noise ratio and sensitivity.
- the fluorescence-based sensor comprises: a first integral colour filter positioned between the organic light-emitting diode and the fluorophore analyte and configured to narrow the wavelength band of the excitation light signal emitted by the organic-light emitting diode, and a second integral colour filter positioned between the fluorophore analyte and the organic photodiode and configured to block the excitation light signal transmitted by the fluorophore analyte, the first and second integral colour filters being deposited by solution processing.
- a first integral colour filter positioned between the organic light-emitting diode and the fluorophore analyte and configured to narrow the wavelength band of the excitation light signal emitted by the organic-light emitting diode
- a second integral colour filter positioned between the fluorophore analyte and the organic photodiode and configured to block the excitation light signal transmitted by the fluorophore analyte, the first and second integral colour filters being
- a blue colour filter is used as the first integral filter positioned between the organic light-emitting diode and the fluorophore analyte
- a red colour filter is used as a second integral colour filter positioned between the fluorophore analyte and the organic photodiode.
- the fluorescence-based sensor comprises: a first integral colour filter positioned between the organic light-emitting diode and the fluorophore analyte and configured to narrow the wavelength band of the excitation light signal emitted by the organic-light emitting diode, a second integral colour filter positioned between the fluorophore analyte and the organic photodiode and configured to block the excitation light signal transmitted by the fluorophore analyte, and a third integral colour filter placed between the first integral colour filter and the analyte and configured to narrow the wavelength band of the light signal transmitted by the first integral colour filter, wherein the first, second and third integral colour filters being deposited by solution processing.
- Such a configuration is particularly advantageous if the fluorophore sample exhibits a small Stokes shift (i.e. small difference between positions of the band maxima of the absorption and emission spectra of the same electronic transition), as the third filter further narrows the wavelength band of the light signal transmitted by the first integral colour filter. Accordingly, fluorpohores with small Stokes shift may be sensed without the requiring costly interference filters.
- the present invention relates to a method of fabricating a fluorescence-based sensor comprising an organic light-emitting diode for emitting an excitation light signal to a fluorophore analyte, an organic photodiode for detecting the light signal emitted by the analyte and at least one integral colour filter arranged between the organic light-emitting diode and organic photodiode, the method comprising depositing the at least one integral colour filter by solution processing. Said method allows to easily pattern many sensors on one substrate with different colour filters or to configure individual sensors so as to analyse different analytes.
- the method comprises the steps of depositing a cross- linkable colour filter composition onto the substrate, preferably by ink-jet printing or spin coating, and cross-linking the composition to form the integral colour filter.
- Said method allows the colour filter to be deposited under other organic layers.
- photo patterning of the colour filter may be easily achieved, thereby offering wide possibilities to manufacture sensor arrays.
- Fluorescence-based sensors in accordance with the schematic configuration of Fig. 2 have been prepared by using commercially available blue and red colour filter solutions (DybrightTM SOB 209 and DybrightTM SOR 835, both available by Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd.).
- the filter solutions were spun onto the respective surface of the OLED or organic photodiode, depending on the position in which the filters have been placed, and cross-linked by subsequently dry baking the samples at 100°C, irradiating with UV (400 W iron doped arc lamp with main wavelength band of 350 to 400 nm; irradiance: -20 mW/cm 2 ) and heat treating at 220°C for 40 minutes.
- UV 400 W iron doped arc lamp with main wavelength band of 350 to 400 nm; irradiance: -20 mW/cm 2
- heat treating at 220°C for 40 minutes [0055] An OLED emitting blue light between 400 and 500 nm has been employed.
- Fura RedTM (Glycine, N-[2-[(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-N-[5-[2-[2-[bis[2- [(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-methylphenoxy]ethoxy]-2-[(5-oxo-2-thioxo-4- imidazolidinylidene)methyl]-6-benzofuranyl]-, (acetyloxy)methyl ester) has been used as fluorophore analyte.
- Fig. 3 shows absorption spectra for the blue filter DybrightTM SOB 209 and the red filter DybrightTM SOR 835, spun to thicknesses of 2 ⁇ and 5 ⁇ respectively.
- the red colour filter used between the analyte and the organic photodiode to reject excitation light cuts off light below 570 nm.
- the blue colour filter has been used for placement between the OLED and analyte to absorb any emission that might otherwise pass through the red colour filter.
- Fig. 4 shows the effect of the blue filter DybrightTM SOB 209 on the emission of the blue OLED and the overlap with the absorption of Fura RedTM.
- Fig. 5 shows how the narrowed emission from the OLED filtered by the blue filter decreases leakage at around 570 to 580 nm through the red filter DybrightTM SOR 835.
- Fig. 6 shows how the Fura RedTM emission is passed by the red filter DybrightTM SOR 835.
- Fig. 7 shows the degree to which the filters block excitation light leaking through the sensor, the upper curve shows just the OLED and analyte present, and a large signal reaches the spectrometer.
- the red colour filter has been added and the combined signal is seen to drop approximately 100 times.
- the blue colour filter is added as well and the combined signal is seen to drop another 10 times and it can be seen that the majority of the signal is fluorophore emission centred around 650 nm.
- the two colour filters have cut the background signal by approximately 1000 times, greatly increasing the signal to noise level and the detection limit.
- the violet filter solution was fixed on the substrate by fitting the substrate with a silicone ring around the area where the violet filter layer is to be deposited, placing the substrate on a hotplate at 90°C, adding 160 ⁇ /cm 2 solution to the portion within the silicone ring, leaving the solution for approximately 15 min. for the water to evaporate and the substrate to dry, and removing the silicone ring.
- Fig. 8 The measured transmission spectra are depicted in Fig. 8, which illustrates how the violet filter further narrows the wavelength band of the light signal transmitted by the blue colour filter.
- the present invention provides fluorescence-based sensors having a favourably high sensitivity and low detection limits. Moreover, they may be produced at low costs and allow the applicability on a large number of geometries.
- the sensors are small in size and allow for easy fabrication of sensor arrays.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/764,537 US20180284021A1 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2016-09-29 | Organic-based fluorescence sensor with low background signal |
CN201680057236.6A CN108139326A (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2016-09-29 | With low background signal based on organic fluorescent optical sensor |
EP16774936.5A EP3356801A1 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2016-09-29 | Organic-based fluorescence sensor with low background signal |
KR1020187012125A KR20180061312A (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2016-09-29 | Organic-based fluorescence sensor with low background signal |
JP2018516138A JP2018532112A (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2016-09-29 | Organic fluorescent sensor with low background signal |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB1517239.8 | 2015-09-30 | ||
GB1517239.8A GB2542802A (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | Organic-based fluorescence sensor with low background signal |
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US (1) | US20180284021A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3356801A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2018532112A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20180061312A (en) |
CN (1) | CN108139326A (en) |
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CN116917714A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2023-10-20 | 3M创新有限公司 | Optical stack, optical system, optical detection system, and optical imaging system |
KR102286803B1 (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-08-06 | 주식회사 휴앤바이옴 | Skin evaluation device, skin evaluation system, skin evaluation method |
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- 2016-09-29 WO PCT/EP2016/073241 patent/WO2017055437A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-09-29 US US15/764,537 patent/US20180284021A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-09-29 KR KR1020187012125A patent/KR20180061312A/en unknown
- 2016-09-29 EP EP16774936.5A patent/EP3356801A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-09-29 CN CN201680057236.6A patent/CN108139326A/en active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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GB2542802A (en) | 2017-04-05 |
EP3356801A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
CN108139326A (en) | 2018-06-08 |
JP2018532112A (en) | 2018-11-01 |
US20180284021A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
GB201517239D0 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
KR20180061312A (en) | 2018-06-07 |
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