WO2017054148A1 - 充放电平衡结构 - Google Patents

充放电平衡结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017054148A1
WO2017054148A1 PCT/CN2015/091155 CN2015091155W WO2017054148A1 WO 2017054148 A1 WO2017054148 A1 WO 2017054148A1 CN 2015091155 W CN2015091155 W CN 2015091155W WO 2017054148 A1 WO2017054148 A1 WO 2017054148A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
secondary battery
battery cells
charge
battery pack
resistor
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PCT/CN2015/091155
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张惇育
张惇杰
曾裕达
Original Assignee
长园科技实业股份有限公司
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Application filed by 长园科技实业股份有限公司 filed Critical 长园科技实业股份有限公司
Priority to US14/907,845 priority Critical patent/US20170237269A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/091155 priority patent/WO2017054148A1/zh
Publication of WO2017054148A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017054148A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a charge and discharge balance structure, and more particularly to a balanced circuit structure relating to an overcharge circuit for charging a secondary battery in series.
  • the battery pack of the electronic products usually includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series.
  • the battery cells In the charging process of the battery cells of the battery pack, often due to individual differences of the battery cells, the battery cells cannot be completely charged and the battery cells are balancedly charged, so that some battery cells are often overcharged or undercharged, thereby making the entire battery
  • the life of the group is greatly reduced, affecting the use and even harming safety.
  • the current practice is to arrange an over-charge safety circuit in parallel on each of the secondary batteries to achieve the purpose of charging and protecting the secondary battery in series.
  • the secondary battery unit 11 is electrically connected in sequence to the positive terminal and the negative terminal to form a battery pack connected in series, and the battery pack is always charged.
  • the method is connected in parallel to each of the secondary battery cells 11 by a switching element 21 connected in series to an overcharge circuit 20 formed by a resistor 22, and each battery is detected by a monitoring device (not shown).
  • the voltage of the unit and controls the "on" or "closed” state of the switching element 21.
  • the overcharge circuit 20 automatically performs a discharge operation, thereby achieving the purpose of charging and protecting the secondary battery unit 11 in series. .
  • each of the secondary battery cells 11 is provided with one resistor 22 not only cost increases, but also the plurality of resistors 22 are discharged together, so that the heat generation amount of the entire battery pack will be high, and the secondary battery cells 11 are often overcharged.
  • the resistor 22 is easily damaged, which is detrimental to the overall life of the battery pack.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a charge and discharge balance structure when the batteries are used in series, and the battery charge is achieved by one or a small amount of balance resistors.
  • the discharge balance enables the battery cells of the battery pack to obtain a balanced and efficient charging effect, and solves the problem of excessive heat generation of the prior art.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a charge-discharge balance structure when batteries are used in series, and the design of the balance resistor group and the resistors in the balance resistor group are used in the discharge design to reduce the discharge in the battery pack.
  • the resistor because a single resistor is damaged and the entire battery pack is at risk of damage.
  • the present invention discloses a charge and discharge balance structure applied to a battery pack in which a plurality of secondary battery cells are connected in series, the battery pack being charged by a DC charger, characterized in that each of the battery packs is twice
  • Each of the positive and negative terminals of the battery unit is provided with a switching element, and all of the secondary battery units are connected in parallel to a balancing resistor, and the switching elements of the positive and negative terminals of the secondary battery unit are respectively connected in series at the two ends of the balancing resistor.
  • adjacent secondary battery cells share one switching element at the serial connection.
  • the balancing resistor can be replaced by a balancing resistor group composed of a plurality of resistors in parallel; further, each resistor of the balancing resistor group is connected in series with a switching component, and the resistors in the balancing resistor group are used for discharging in turn. .
  • all the secondary battery cells in the battery pack can be equally divided into a plurality of sections, and each of the secondary battery cells in each section is provided with a switching element at each of the positive and negative terminals.
  • All the secondary battery cells in each segment are connected in parallel to a balancing resistor, and the switching elements of the positive and negative terminals of the foregoing secondary battery cells are respectively connected in series to the two ends of the balancing resistor. Wherein the adjacent secondary battery cells in each segment share one switching element at the series connection.
  • the balancing resistor is a balanced resistor group composed of a plurality of resistors in parallel; further, each resistor of the balancing resistor group is connected in series with a switching component, and the resistors in the balancing resistor group are alternately used by the switching component. For discharge.
  • each of the secondary battery cells may be a group of the foregoing battery packs, and may be applied to charge and discharge balance of more secondary batteries in series.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that each secondary battery cell in the battery pack shares a balancing resistor by a change in the circuit, or a plurality of secondary battery cells share a balancing resistor, and each battery of the battery pack is replaced by a rotating discharge.
  • the unit can achieve a balanced and efficient charging effect, solving the problem of excessive heat generation in existing technologies.
  • the time for the resistor to be used for the discharge for a long time is reduced, and the risk of damage to the entire battery pack due to the damage of the single resistor is also reduced. It is more conducive to the overall service life of the secondary battery pack.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a known charge and discharge balance structure.
  • FIG. 2 is a first schematic view of the charge and discharge balance structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view 2 of the charge and discharge balance structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view 3 of the charge and discharge balance structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a fourth schematic view of the charge and discharge balance structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view 5 of the charge and discharge balance structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view 6 of the charge and discharge balance structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view VII of the charge and discharge balance structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view 8 of the charge and discharge balance structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view 9 of the charge and discharge balance structure of the present invention.
  • the present invention is a charge and discharge balance structure, which is applied to a plurality of secondary battery cells 110 electrically connected in sequence to a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal to form a battery pack 100 electrically connected in series.
  • the battery pack 100 can be charged by the DC charger 400, wherein each of the secondary battery cells 110 in the battery pack 100 is provided with a switching element 210 at each of the positive and negative terminals. All of the secondary battery cells 110 are connected in parallel to a balancing resistor 300, and the switching elements 210 of the positive and negative terminals of the secondary battery cell 110 are respectively connected in series at the two ends of the balancing resistor 300. Among them, the adjacent secondary battery cells 110 share one switching element 210 at the tandem.
  • FIG. 2 is a charge and discharge balance structure of an even number of secondary battery cells 110 in the battery pack 100
  • FIG. 3 is a charge and discharge balance structure of an odd number of secondary battery cells 110 in the battery pack 100.
  • each secondary battery unit 110 is scanned by a monitoring device (not shown), and then the positive and negative terminals of each secondary battery unit 110 are controlled in turn by two. "Open” or “closed” state, discharge operation. That is, when the voltage across one of the secondary battery cells 110 is greater than or equal to a predetermined voltage value, the secondary battery unit 110 performs a discharge operation through the balancing resistor 300, thereby achieving a secondary connection in series. The battery unit 110 performs the purpose of charging protection. If the voltage across the plurality of secondary battery cells 110 is greater than or equal to a predetermined voltage value during the charging phase, the discharge operation is performed after each voltage sweep in turn.
  • the present invention shares a balance resistor 300 through each of the secondary battery cells 110 in the battery pack 100 to achieve a charge and discharge balance of the battery, so that each secondary battery unit 110 in the battery pack 100 can be balanced. And the efficient charging effect solves the problem of excessive heat generation caused by excessive resistance in the existing charging balance technology.
  • the balancing resistor 300 can be replaced by a balanced resistor group 310 in which a plurality of resistors 311 are connected in parallel (three resistors 311 are used as an example), and the implementation is the same as the foregoing discharging operation, but Since the balancing resistor group 310 is composed of a plurality of resistors 311 in parallel, in use, the balance function of the entire battery pack can be reduced due to damage of a single resistor, and the risk of damage of the entire battery pack is increased.
  • each of the resistors 311 of the balancing resistor group 310 is further connected in series with a switching element 312.
  • the implementation is the same as the aforementioned discharge operation, but all of the switching elements 312 are monitored. Controlled (not shown), when the plurality of secondary battery cells 110 are alternately discharged, the resistance 311 in the balancing resistor group 310 is controlled to be used in turn by the "open" or "closed” state of the switching elements 312. Functionally. In use, reducing the balance of the entire battery pack due to damage to a single resistor increases the risk of damage to the entire battery pack.
  • each secondary battery unit 110 may be composed of a group of the foregoing battery packs 100, and may be applied to more secondary batteries in the same balanced structure technology.
  • Charge and discharge balance in series. 6 is an illustration of an even number of secondary battery cells 110 (FIG. 2), and an even number of battery cells 100 can be combined into a larger series of battery series to form a battery pack 100 having the aforementioned charge and discharge.
  • the structure is balanced, and the battery pack 100 combines a larger-scale battery in series with a multi-layer charge-discharge balance structure of a charge-discharge balance structure.
  • each battery pack 100 is also scanned by a monitoring device (not shown) during the charging phase, and then the switching electrodes 21 of the positive and negative terminals of each battery pack 100 are controlled in turn.
  • "Open" or “closed” state discharge operation. That is, when the voltage across one of the battery packs 100 is greater than or equal to a preset voltage value, the battery pack 100 is discharged through the balancing resistor 300, thereby achieving charging protection for the battery pack 100 connected in series. the goal of. If the voltage across the plurality of battery packs 100 during the charging phase is greater than or equal to a predetermined voltage value, the discharge operation is performed after each voltage sweep in turn.
  • the present invention can equally divide the secondary battery cells 110 in the battery pack 100 into a plurality of segments, and share the same balance structure with each of the secondary battery cells 110 as a balancing resistor 300.
  • the switching element 210 is disposed at each of the positive and negative terminals of each of the secondary battery cells 110 in each segment, and the secondary battery cells 110 in each segment are connected in parallel to a balancing resistor 300, and the foregoing two
  • the switching elements 210 of the positive and negative terminals of the secondary battery unit 110 are respectively connected in series to the two ends of the balancing resistor.
  • adjacent secondary battery cells 110 in each segment are in series
  • the junction shares a switching element 210.
  • втори ⁇ ество eight secondary battery cells 110 are equally divided into two sections, and four secondary battery cells 110 in each section are operated by discharge using a balancing resistor 300.
  • the secondary battery cell 110 passes through the balancing resistor 300 of the segment. The discharging operation is performed to achieve the purpose of charging and protecting the secondary battery cells 110 in series. If each segment has a voltage across the plurality of secondary battery cells 110 greater than or equal to a predetermined voltage value during the charging phase, the secondary battery cells 110 in each segment alternate in each voltage scan. After the discharge operation.
  • the mode of one of the four secondary battery cells 110 will be faster than the mode of one of the eight secondary battery cells 110.
  • the discharge time can be longer, by the battery pack for high voltage applications such as vehicle starters, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric or hybrid vehicles, if there are more than 10 secondary battery units 110 in the battery pack.
  • the plurality of secondary battery cells 110 in the battery pack share a balance resistor 300 to achieve the charge and discharge balance of the battery, so that the battery cells of the battery pack can obtain a balanced and efficient charging effect.
  • the existing charge balancing technology has a problem of excessive heat generation due to excessive power groups.
  • the balance resistors 300 are the same as the foregoing technology, and each of the balance resistors 300 can be composed of a plurality of resistors 311 in parallel. Replaced by 310 (three resistors 311 are used as an example in the figure), the implementation is the same as the above-described discharge operation, but since the balance resistor group 310 is composed of a plurality of resistors 311 in parallel, it is reduced in use because of a single resistor. The damage of the device affects the balance function of the entire battery pack and increases the risk of damage to the entire battery pack.
  • each resistor 311 in each balancing resistor group 310 One switching element 312 may be connected in series, the same as the foregoing discharging operation, but all of the switching elements 312 are controlled by a monitoring device (not shown), and when the plurality of secondary battery cells 110 are alternately discharged, the switching element 312 passes through The "open” or “closed” state controls the resistor 311 in the balancing resistor group 310 to be used in turn for discharging. In use, reducing the balance of the entire battery pack due to damage to a single resistor increases the risk of damage to the entire battery pack.
  • Each of the secondary battery cells 110 may also be composed of a group of the foregoing battery packs 100, and may be applied to more secondary batteries in the same balanced structure technology. Charge and discharge balance in series.
  • FIG. 10 is an example (FIG. 6) in which eight secondary battery cells 110 are divided into two sections, and the battery packs 100 divided into two sections are combined into one larger-scale battery series combination to form one.
  • the battery pack 100 has the above-described charge and discharge balance structure, and the battery pack 100 has a multi-layer charge-discharge balance structure in which a larger-scale battery is connected in series.
  • each secondary battery unit in the battery pack shares a balancing resistor by a change in the circuit structure, or a plurality of secondary battery cells share a balancing resistor, so that each battery cell in the battery pack can be replaced by a rotating discharge method.
  • a balanced and efficient charging effect solves the problem of excessive heat generation in existing technologies.
  • the balance resistor group and the resistors in the balance resistor group are used in the discharge design to reduce the time for the resistors in the battery pack to be used for discharging, and also avoid the damage of the single battery group due to the damage of a single resistor.
  • the balance function increases the risk of damage to the entire battery pack and is more conducive to the overall service life of the secondary battery pack.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种充放电平衡结构，应用于多个二次电池单元串联的电池组，其特征在于该电池组的每个二次电池单元正、负极端各设有一开关元件，而全部二次电池单元并联于一平衡电阻，且前述的二次电池单元正、负极端的开关元件分别串接于该平衡电阻的二端。该电池组的全部二次电池单元共享一个平衡电阻，或多个二次电池单元共享一个平衡电阻，经由轮流放电的方式，使该电池组内的每个电池单元可以获得平衡且有效率的充电效果，解决既有技术发热量过高的问题。

Description

充放电平衡结构 技术领域
本发明是关于一种充放电平衡结构，尤其是关于一种对呈串联的二次电池进行充电的过充电电路有关的平衡电路结构。
背景技术
随着电子技术的发达，消费性电子产品已经是现代人不可或缺的随身物品，如手机、计算机、电动车等等均是。为了让该些电子产品可以延长使用时间及效能，该些电子产品的电池组通常包含复数个串接的电池单元(Battery cell)。然而，该电池组的各电池单元于充电过程中，经常因为各电池单元的个别差异而导致无法完整且对各电池单元平衡充电，使某些电池单元经常过充或充电不足，进而使整个电池组寿命大为降低，影响使用甚至危害安全。
一般在进行二个额定电量差异较大(超过10％)的二次电池进行串联充电时，因为较低电量的二次电池会先到达满电状态，且低电量二次电池的电压会持续上升，进而造成二次电池无法恢复的损坏甚至起火爆炸，因此，目前的作法会在各该二次电池上并联配置一过充电安全电路，来达到对呈串联的二次电池进行充电保护的目的。
为了解决对串接电池单元充电不均的问题，目前已经有一些厂商或研究提出可以对串接的各电池单元进行平衡充电或放电的机制。例如串接旁路电阻型，如图1所示，对于二次电池单元11以正极端子及负极端子依序电性连接，以形成一串联电性连接的电池组，电池组被一直流充电器10充电，该方法在每一个二次电池单元11并联由一开关元件21串联连接于一电阻器22所形成的一过充电电路20，由监控装置(图中未示)侦测每个电池 单元的电压，且控制该开关元件21的“打开”或“闭合”状态。当任一个二次电池单元11两端的电压大于或等于预先设定的电压值时，该过充电电路20则会自动进行放电动作，借以达到对呈串联的二次电池单元11进行充电保护的目的。
然而，每个二次电池单元11设有一个电阻器22不只成本增加，且多个电阻器22一起放电，使整个电池组的发热量将会较高，且常过充二次电池单元11的电阻器22容易损坏，不利电池组的整体使用寿命。
发明内容
于是，为解决公知既有充电技术的充放电平衡结构发热量过高的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种电池串联使用时的充放电平衡结构，通过一个或少量的平衡电阻达到电池的充放电平衡，使电池组的各电池单元可以获得平衡且有效率的充电效果，解决既有技术发热量过高的问题。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种电池串联使用时的充放电平衡结构，通过平衡电阻组的设计，及该平衡电阻组内的电阻轮流使用于放电的设计，降低使电池组内用于放电的电阻器，因为单一个电阻器损坏而整组电池组损坏的风险。
为达到上述目的，本发明揭露一种充放电平衡结构，应用于多个二次电池单元串联的电池组，该电池组被一直流充电器充电，其特征在于：该电池组的每个二次电池单元正、负极端各设有一开关元件，而全部二次电池单元并联于一平衡电阻，且前述的二次电池单元正、负极端的开关元件分别串接于该平衡电阻的二端。其中，相邻的二次电池单元在串接处共享一个开关元件。
更进一步，该平衡电阻可由多个电阻并联组成的一平衡电阻组所取代；再更进一步该平衡电阻组的每个电阻串接一开关元件，用以该平衡电阻组内的电阻轮流使用于放电。
更进一步，本发明的充放电平衡结构，可将电池组内全部的二次电池单元平均分为数个区段，每个区段内的每个二次电池单元正、负极端各设有一开关元件，每区段内的全部二次电池单元并联于一平衡电阻，且前述的二次电池单元正、负极端的开关元件分别串接于该平衡电阻的二端。其中，每个区段内的内相邻的二次电池单元在串接处共享一个开关元件。
更进一步前述的平衡电阻为多个电阻并联组成的一平衡电阻组；再更进一步，该平衡电阻组的每个电阻串接一开关元件，通过开关元件使该平衡电阻组内的电阻轮流被使用于放电。
本发明的充放电平衡结构实施上，更进一步每个二次电池单元可以是一组前述电池组，可以应用在更多二次电池串联的充放电平衡。
本发明的优点在于，通过电路的改变使电池组内的每个二次电池单元共享一个平衡电阻，或多个二次电池单元共享一个平衡电阻，经由轮流放电的方式，使电池组的各电池单元可以获得平衡且有效率的充电效果，解决既有技术发热量过高的问题。且通过前述平衡电阻组的设计，及该平衡电阻组内的电阻轮流使用于放电的设计，降低电阻器被长期使用于放电的时间，也降低单一个电阻器损坏而整组电池组损坏的风险，更有利于二次电池组的整体使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为公知充放电平衡结构的示意图。
图2为本发明充放电平衡结构的示意图一。
图3为本发明充放电平衡结构的示意图二。
图4为本发明充放电平衡结构的示意图三。
图5为本发明充放电平衡结构的示意图四。
图6为本发明充放电平衡结构的示意图五。
图7为本发明充放电平衡结构的示意图六。
图8为本发明充放电平衡结构的示意图七。
图9为本发明充放电平衡结构的示意图八。
图10为本发明充放电平衡结构的示意图九。
附图标记说明
10：直流充电器
11：二次电池单元
20：过充电电路
21：开关元件
22：电阻器
100：电池组
110：二次电池单元
210：开关元件
300：平衡电阻
310：平衡电阻组
311：电阻
312：开关元件
400：直流充电器。
具体实施方式
有关本发明的详细内容及技术说明，现以实施例来作进一步说明，但应了解的是，该等实施例仅为例示说明之用，而不应被解释为本发明实施的限制。
请参阅图2及图3，本发明是一种充放电平衡结构，应用于多个二次电池单元110以正极端及负极端依序电性连接，以形成一串联电性连接的电池组100，该电池组100可被一直流充电器400进行充电，其特征在于：电池组100内的每个二次电池单元110正、负极端各设有一开关元件210，而 全部二次电池单元110并联于一平衡电阻300，且前述的二次电池单元110正、负极端的开关元件210分别串接于该平衡电阻300的二端。其中，相邻的二次电池单元110在串接处共享一个开关元件210。
附图中，图2为电池组100内有偶数个二次电池单元110的充放电平衡结构，图3为电池组100内有奇数个二次电池单元110的充放电平衡结构。
实施上，在充电阶段由监控装置(图中未示)扫瞄每个二次电池单元110的电压，再通过轮流的方式控制每个二次电池单元110正、负极端二端开关元件21的“打开”或“闭合”状态，进行放电动作。即当扫瞄到其中一个二次电池单元110两端的电压大于或等于预先设定的电压值时，该二次电池单元110就会通过平衡电阻300进行放电动作，借以达到对呈串联的二次电池单元110进行充电保护的目的。如果在充电阶段有多个二次电池单元110两端的电压大于或等于预先设定的电压值时，则轮流在每一次的电压扫瞄后进行放电动作。
本发明通过电路的改变，通过该电池组100内的每个二次电池单元110共享一个平衡电阻300，达到电池的充放电平衡，使电池组100内的每个二次电池单元110可以获得平衡且有效率的充电效果，解决现有充电平衡技术中电阻过多造成发热量过高的问题。
请再参阅图4，更进一步，该平衡电阻300可由多个电阻311并联组成的一平衡电阻组310所取代(图中以三个电阻311为说明例)，实施上与前述放电动作相同，但因为该平衡电阻组310是由多个电阻311并联组成，所以在使用上，可以降低因为单一个电阻器损坏而破坏整组电池组平衡功能，增加整组电池组损坏的风险。
请再参阅图5，再更进一步该平衡电阻组310的每个电阻311串联一开关元件312。实施上与前述放电动作相同，但所有的开关元件312受监控装 置(图中未示)控制，在多个二次电池单元110轮流放电时，通过该些开关元件312的“打开”或“闭合”状态控制该平衡电阻组310内的电阻311轮流使用于放电功能上。在使用上，降低因为单一个电阻器损坏而影响整组电池组平衡功能，增加整组电池组损坏的风险。
请参阅图6，本发明的充放电平衡结构实施上，更进一步每个二次电池单元110可以是一组前述电池组100所组成，在相同的平衡结构技术上可以应用在更多二次电池串联的充放电平衡。图6是以偶数个二次电池单元110为说明例(如图2)，可以再由偶数个电池组100组合成一个更大规模的电池串联组合，形成一个电池组100内有前述的充放电平衡结构，而电池组100组合更大规模的电池串联也有充放电平衡结构的多层充放电平衡结构。
相同的充放电方式，在充电阶段也由监控装置(图中未示)扫瞄每个电池组100的电压，再通过轮流的方式控制每个电池组100正、负极端二端开关元件21的“打开”或“闭合”状态，进行放电动作。即当扫瞄到其中一个电池组100两端的电压大于或等于预先设定的电压值时，该电池组100就会通过平衡电阻300进行放电动作，借以达到对呈串联的电池组100进行充电保护的目的。如果在充电阶段有多个电池组100两端的电压大于或等于预先设定的电压值时，则轮流在每一次的电压扫瞄后进行放电动作。
请再参阅图7，本发明在应用上也可将该电池组100内的二次电池单元110平均分为数个区段，与前述每个二次电池单元110共享一个平衡电阻300相同的平衡结构，每个区段内的每个二次电池单元110的正、负极端各设有该开关元件210，而每个区段内的二次电池单元110并联于一个平衡电阻300，且前述的二次电池单元110正、负极端的开关元件210分别串接于该平衡电阻的二端。
与前述平衡结构技术相同，每个区段内相邻的二次电池单元110在串 接处共享一个开关元件210。
以图7为说明例，将八个二次电池单元110均分为二个区段，每个区段内的四个二次电池单元110使用一个平衡电阻300于放电动作。与前面实施相同，当每个区段扫瞄到其中一个二次电池单元110两端的电压大于或等于预先设定的电压值时，该二次电池单元110就会通过该区段的平衡电阻300进行放电动作，借以达到对呈串联的二次电池单元110进行充电保护的目的。如果每个区段在充电阶段有多个二次电池单元110两端的电压大于或等于预先设定的电压值时，则每个区段内的二次电池单元110轮流在每一次的电压扫瞄后进行放电的动作。
实施上，因为本发明轮流在每一次的电压扫瞄后进行放电动作，四个二次电池单元110一组的模式将会比八个二次电池单元110一组的模式更快轮到放电动作且放电时间可以更长，由其对于现在诸如车辆启动器、电动自行车、电动摩托车、电气或混合车辆等高电压应用的电池组，如果电池组内的二次电池单元110多达10个以上时，可能需要分区段设置平衡电阻300，用以提高充电效率。通过电路的改变，使电池组内的多个二次电池单元110共享一个平衡电阻300的方式，达到电池的充放电平衡，使电池组的各电池单元可以获得平衡且有效率的充电效果，解决现有充电平衡技术因为电组过多，发热量过高的问题。
请再参阅图8，其为图7的分区段充放电平衡结构更进一步的变化应用，该些平衡电阻300与前述技术相同，每一个平衡电阻300可由多个电阻311并联组成的该平衡电阻组310所取代(图中以三个电阻311为说明例)，实施上与前述放电动作相同，但因为该平衡电阻组310是由多个电阻311并联组成，所以在使用上，降低因为单一个电阻器损坏而影响整组电池组平衡功能，增加整组电池组损坏的风险。
请再参阅图9，相同的方式，每一个平衡电阻组310内的每个电阻311 可串联一个开关元件312，实施上与前述放电动作相同，但所有的开关元件312受监控装置(图中未示)控制，在多个二次电池单元110轮流放电时，通过开关元件312的“打开”或“闭合”状态控制该平衡电阻组310内的电阻311轮流使用于放电。在使用上，降低因为单一个电阻器损坏而影响整组电池组平衡功能，增加整组电池组损坏的风险。
请参阅图10，分区段的充放电平衡结构在实施上，每个二次电池单元110也可以是一组前述电池组100所组成，在相同的平衡结构技术上可以应用在更多二次电池串联的充放电平衡。图10是以八个二次电池单元110分为二个区段为说明例(如图6)，将区分为二个区段的电池组100组合成一个更大规模的电池串联组合，形成一个电池组100内有前述的充放电平衡结构，而电池组100组合更大规模的电池串联也有充放电平衡结构的多层充放电平衡结构。
本发明通过电路结构的改变使电池组内的每个二次电池单元共享一个平衡电阻，或多个二次电池单元共享一个平衡电阻，经由轮流放电的方式，使电池组内每个电池单元可以获得平衡且有效率的充电效果，解决既有技术发热量过高的问题。且通过平衡电阻组的设计，及该平衡电阻组内的电阻轮流使用于放电的设计，降低使电池组内电阻器用于放电的时间，也可以避免因为单一个电阻器损坏而影响整组电池组平衡功能，增加整组电池组损坏的风险，更有利于二次电池组的整体使用寿命。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，当不能以此限定本发明实施的范围，即凡是依本发明申请权利要求及发明说明内容所作的简单的等效变化与修饰，皆仍属于本发明专利涵盖的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种充放电平衡结构，应用于多个二次电池单元串联的电池组，该电池组被一直流充电器进行充电，其特征在于：
    该电池组的每个二次电池单元的正、负极端各设有一开关元件，全部二次电池单元并联于一平衡电阻，且前述的二次电池单元正、负极端的开关元件分别串接于该平衡电阻的二端。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的充放电平衡结构，其特征在于，相邻的二次电池单元在串接处共享一个开关元件。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的充放电平衡结构，其特征在于，更进一步该平衡电阻为多个电阻并联组成的一平衡电阻组。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的充放电平衡结构，其特征在于，更进一步该平衡电阻组的每个电阻串接一开关元件。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的充放电平衡结构，其特征在于，更进一步每个二次电池单元为一组前述电池组。
  6. 一种充放电平衡结构，应用于多个二次电池单元串联的电池组，该电池组被一直流充电器进行充电，其特征在于：
    将该电池组内的全部二次电池单元平均分为数个区段，每个区段内的每个二次电池单元正、负极端各设有一开关元件，且每个区段内的全部二次电池单元并联于一平衡电阻，且前述的二次电池单元正、负极端的开关元件分别串接于该平衡电阻的二端。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的充放电平衡结构，其特征在于，每个区段内相邻的二次电池单元在串接处共享一个开关元件。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的充放电平衡结构，其特征在于，更进一步该平衡电阻为多个电阻并联组成的一平衡电阻组。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的充放电平衡结构，其特征在于，更进一步该平 衡电阻组的每个电阻串联一开关元件。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的充放电平衡结构，其特征在于，更进一步每个二次电池单元为一组前述电池组。
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