WO2017052369A1 - Dispositif de conversion d'énergie éolienne en au moins de l'énergie mécanique - Google Patents

Dispositif de conversion d'énergie éolienne en au moins de l'énergie mécanique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017052369A1
WO2017052369A1 PCT/NL2016/050651 NL2016050651W WO2017052369A1 WO 2017052369 A1 WO2017052369 A1 WO 2017052369A1 NL 2016050651 W NL2016050651 W NL 2016050651W WO 2017052369 A1 WO2017052369 A1 WO 2017052369A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
wind
angle
central axis
blade
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2016/050651
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2017052369A9 (fr
Inventor
William Erik VAN DER SCHEE
Original Assignee
Home Turbine B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Home Turbine B.V. filed Critical Home Turbine B.V.
Publication of WO2017052369A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017052369A1/fr
Publication of WO2017052369A9 publication Critical patent/WO2017052369A9/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F03D1/0633—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F03D1/0633—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
    • F03D1/0641—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades of the section profile of the blades, i.e. aerofoil profile
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for converting wind energy to at least mechanical energy, comprising a rotor with a number of rotor blades which is drivable rotatably about a rotation axis by wind, wherein each rotor blade comprises a wind entry side and a wind exit side.
  • Such a device for converting wind energy to at least mechanical energy is per se known, and is also referred to as a wind turbine or windmill.
  • the invention can relate particularly to a relatively small wind turbine, also referred to as a microturbine or urban wind turbine, which wind turbine can be set up in an urban environment, and in particular optionally on a building.
  • the invention can relate more particularly to a so-called horizontal wind turbine, wherein in use of the wind turbine the rotation axis of the rotor is disposed substantially horizontally.
  • a particular object of the invention can be to increase the efficiency of the per se known device.
  • each rotor blade is provided on its wind exit side with an end edge, the second derivative of which changes sign more than once.
  • Such an end edge of the rotor blade according to the invention provides the advantage that the formation of air vortices behind the outflow edge is limited, whereby the airflow over the rotor blades can be improved.
  • the efficiency of the device according to the invention can hereby be relatively high.
  • Applicant has found that a substantially sine-shaped end edge is particularly effective in limiting the formation of air vortices behind the outflow edge.
  • end edge prefferably be substantially block tooth-shaped or sawtooth-shaped, these shapes likewise being able to at least partially provide the intended effect.
  • end edge can be provided with a number of elements which extend in a main plane of the rotor blade and which each take the form of a parabola or a part of a circle. These shapes can also at least partially provide the intended effect.
  • end edge can be provided with a number of elements which extend in a main plane of the rotor blade and which each take a substantially feather-like form. This shape can also at least partially provide the intended effect.
  • the end edge can optionally have a thickness varying along its length.
  • the end edge comprises an inner end, which is disposed close to the rotation axis, and an outer end, wherein a main line of the end edge between the inner end and the outer end takes a substantially curved form.
  • an angle of the main line close to the inner end of the end edge relative to a straight line between the inner end and the outer end is greater than -45° and smaller than 45°.
  • an angle of the main line close to the outer end of the end edge relative to a or the straight line between the inner end and the outer end is greater than -45° and smaller than 45°, preferably greater than -25° and smaller than 25°.
  • each rotor blade is provided on its wind entry side with a front end edge, which front end edge comprises an inner end, which is disposed close to the rotation axis, and an outer end and wherein a main line of the front end edge between the inner end and the outer end takes a substantially curved form.
  • an angle of the main line close to the inner end of the front end edge relative to a or the straight line between the inner end and the outer end is greater than -45° and smaller than 45°, preferably greater than -35° and smaller than 35°.
  • an angle of the main line close to the outer end of the front end edge relative to a or the straight line between the inner end and the outer end is greater than -60° and smaller than 60°.
  • the rotor blades are connected with a peripheral edge thereof to a rotor body of a generator.
  • An advantage hereof is that a central shaft on which the rotor blades are mounted is not necessary because the rotor blades are connected with their peripheral edge to the rotor body.
  • Another advantage hereof is that, when the rotor is driven in rotation by the wind, the rotor body of the generator co-rotates directly and electrical energy can be generated with the generator.
  • the rotor blades are disposed at an angle to the rotation axis, wherein the angle is greater than 35° and smaller than 75°, preferably greater than 40° and smaller than 65°.
  • the rotor blades are twisted in a direction between an inner end zone and a or the peripheral edge.
  • the angle over which the rotor blades are twisted can be greater than 0° and smaller than
  • the rotor can comprise between two and eight rotor blades.
  • the number of rotor blades can in particular optionally be equal to the number of (rear) stator blades as further described below. It is noted that the number of rotor blades is not limited hereto.
  • the device comprises a duct disposed round the rotor, wherein a central axis of the duct substantially coincides with the rotation axis of the rotor.
  • the duct can comprise any suitable cross-sectional form.
  • the duct here preferably has a circular cross-sectional form at least in the area of the rotor so that the part of the duct where the rotor is disposed is substantially cylindrical.
  • a wind inlet opening and/or a wind outlet opening of the duct can also have a substantially circular cross-section. In that case the duct preferably has a circular cross-sectional form at any random location along its length.
  • the wind inlet opening and/or the wind outlet opening can alternatively have any other suitable cross- sectional form, such as for instance oval.
  • the duct preferably transposes gradually to the circular cross-sectional form in the area of the rotor.
  • the above described features of the rotor blades, in particular of the front end edge thereof, can be particularly advantageous in the case of and/or be particularly adapted to an airflow which, according to an aspect of the invention, is supplied with a substantially helical movement round the central axis to the rotor.
  • the airflow is supplied substantially to an outer peripheral zone of the rotor, whereby the pressure increases at the outer peripheral zone of the rotor and decreases in the area of the rotation axis. This provides for an increased torque on the rotor blades of the rotor, whereby the efficiency of the rotor can increase.
  • Said substantially helical movement can extend here in substantially circular manner round the central axis, but also in a non-circular manner, such as for instance ovally.
  • the form of the helical movement round the central axis can be substantially adapted here to the cross-sectional form of the duct.
  • the device can comprise a number of stator blades which are disposed upstream of the rotor in the duct and which extend radially outward from the central axis in order to guide the wind in a substantially helical movement round the central axis during use of the device such that the wind is supplied in the substantially helical movement round the central axis to the rotor.
  • stator blades have a main plane extending radially from the central axis, which main plane is disposed at an oblique angle relative to the central axis.
  • stator blades disposed obliquely relative to the central axis guide the airflow in the oblique direction defined by the stator blades relative to the central axis, whereby the airflow is guided in said helical movement round the central axis.
  • the oblique angle of the stator blades here substantially determines the angle of the helical airflow to the central axis.
  • the oblique angle of the stator blades, and thereby the helical airflow relative to the central axis, is preferably selected subject to the velocity of the airflow in the duct and/or the rotation speed of the rotor. Since this velocity and/or the rotation speed can vary, it is advantageous for the stator blades to be adjustable for the purpose of adjusting the oblique angle.
  • stator blades are automatically adjustable subject to the velocity of the airflow in the duct and/or the rotation speed of the rotor.
  • the device can for this purpose be provided with measuring means for measuring the velocity of the airflow in the duct and/or the rotation speed of the rotor, wherein the device is configured to adjust the oblique angle of the stator blades relative to the central axis subject to the measured velocity and/or rotation speed.
  • each stator blade is connected to the duct via a connecting shaft extending radially relative to the central axis such that the stator blade is pivotable about or with the connecting shaft for the purpose of adjusting the oblique angle of the stator blade relative to the central axis.
  • the device can alternatively comprise a central shaft coinciding with the central axis, wherein each stator blade is connected to the central shaft via a connecting shaft extending radially relative to the central shaft such that the stator blade is pivotable about or with the connecting shaft for the purpose of adjusting the oblique angle of the stator blade relative to the central axis.
  • the connecting shaft can optionally be connected to both the duct and the central shaft.
  • each stator blade is connected fixedly to a respective connecting shaft so that the respective stator blade is adjusted to a chosen angle with the central shaft (axis) by pivoting the connecting shaft.
  • the oblique angle can for instance lie between or be adjustable between 10-80°, preferably between 20-60°.
  • each stator blade has at least one through-opening arranged therein.
  • the at least one opening limits the formation of air vortices behind the stator blade.
  • the at least one opening reduces the frontal surface area of the stator blade.
  • the stator blade can for instance be provided with a relatively small number, for instance one, of relatively large openings.
  • the stator blade can alternatively be provided with a relatively large number of relatively small openings, for instance three or four, up to for instance a maximum of ten.
  • the number of openings can hereby be for instance between one and ten. It is noted that the number of openings is not limited hereto.
  • Each stator blade can comprise any suitable number of openings.
  • the surface area of the at least one opening, or the combined surface area of a plurality of openings is a minimum of 5% and a maximum of 60% of the surface area of a or the main plane of the stator blade.
  • the at least one opening can have any suitable and/or desired shape such as, though not only, circular.
  • the minimal cross-sectional dimension for instance the diameter in the case of a circular opening, is preferably greater than a quarter of the thickness of the stator blade.
  • the at least one opening can consist of any suitable and/or desired embodiment, such as, though not only, a hole or a cutaway.
  • each stator blade is provided with a number of upright ribs extending from a pressure side thereof, which ribs extend from a wind entry side of the blade to a wind exit side of the stator blade, wherein as seen in radial direction the ribs extend obliquely over said side such that on the wind exit side each rib is located at a greater radial distance from the central axis than on the wind entry side.
  • the ribs support the change in the flow direction of the airflow to said helical movement.
  • the airflow is moreover guided outward in radial direction so that the airflow is supplied to the outer peripheral zone of the rotor, which rotor has an increased efficiency because of the thereby increased torque.
  • the ribs can particularly extend radially outward with a determined curvature over said side such that on the wind exit side each rib is located at said greater radial distance from the central axis than on the wind entry side.
  • the ribs can have a height lying between 0.1% and 25% of the maximum height of the stator blade.
  • the height of the stator blade is defined here in the radial direction, particularly from a position close to the central axis to a position close to the duct.
  • the above described features of the rotor blades, in particular of the end edge thereof, can be particularly advantageous in the case of and/or be particularly adapted to a number of rear stator blades disposed downstream of the rotor in the duct for guiding the wind away in a substantially downstream direction, which rear stator blades extend radially outward from the central axis.
  • These rear stator blades can be provided in another embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • a vacuum can occur on the underpressure side of the rotor blades. Because of this vacuum the airflow round the rotor blades coming from the rotor tends to turn in the direction of the vacuum created there, whereby air vortices occur. These air vortices decrease the efficiency of the rotor because the pressure difference over the front and rear side of the rotor blades decreases as seen in rotation direction. Using the rear stator blades disposed downstream of the rotor the airflow or wind is guided away in a substantially downstream direction. This prevents or at least reduces the possibility of the airflow round the rotor blades turning and vortices occurring behind the rotor blades.
  • the efficiency of the device according to the invention can in this way increase.
  • the rear stator blades each comprise two blade parts extending at an angle relative to each other, wherein a first blade part has a first main plane extending radially from the central axis and the second blade part has a second main plane extending radially from the central axis.
  • the first blade part can be embodied here such that the first blade part substantially connects to the rotor blades.
  • the second blade part which is disposed behind the first blade part as seen in flow direction, can be embodied here such that the second blade part guides the wind away in the substantially downstream direction and optionally radially outward.
  • the angle between the first blade part and the second blade part can for instance lie between 0-90°.
  • the first blade part is disposed at an angle relative to the central axis, wherein the second blade part is disposed substantially parallel to the central axis.
  • the wind coming from the rotor blades can hereby be properly captured by the first blade part and the wind can be guided away substantially parallel to the central axis.
  • the angle between a main plane of the rear stator blade or between the first and/or second main plane of the rear stator blade and the central axis is preferably selected subject to the velocity of the airflow in the duct and/or the rotation speed of the rotor. Since this velocity and/or the rotation speed can vary, it is advantageous for the rear stator blades to be adjustable for the purpose of adjusting the angle between the main plane or between the first and/or second main plane of the rear stator blade and the central axis.
  • the rear stator blades are automatically adjustable subject to the velocity of the airflow in the duct and/or the rotation speed of the rotor.
  • the device can be provided for this purpose with measuring means for measuring the velocity of the airflow in the duct and/or the rotation speed of the rotor, wherein the device is configured to adjust the angle between the main plane or between the first and/or second main plane of the rear stator blade and the central axis subject to the measured velocity and/or rotation speed.
  • each rear stator blade is connected to the duct via a connecting shaft extending radially relative to the central axis such that the rear stator blade is pivotable about or with the connecting shaft for the purpose of adjusting the angle between the main plane or between the first and/or second main plane of the rear stator blade and the central axis.
  • the device can alternatively comprise a or the central shaft coinciding with the central axis, wherein each rear stator blade is connected to the central shaft via a connecting shaft extending radially relative to the central shaft such that the rear stator blade is pivotable about or with the connecting shaft for the purpose of adjusting the angle between the main plane or between the first and/or second main plane of the stator blade and the central shaft.
  • the connecting shaft can optionally be connected to both the duct and the central shaft.
  • each rear stator blade is connected fixedly to a respective connecting shaft so that, by pivoting the connecting shaft, the angle between the main plane or between the first and/or second main plane of the stator blade and the central shaft (axis) can be adjusted.
  • each (rear) stator blade comprises a wind entry side and a wind exit side, wherein the (rear) stator blade is provided on its wind exit side with a stator blade end edge, the second derivative of which changes sign more than once.
  • Such a stator blade end edge of the device according to this embodiment of the invention provides the advantage that the formation of air vortices behind the outflow edge is limited, whereby the airflow over the blades can be improved.
  • a substantially sine-shaped stator blade end edge is particularly effective in limiting the formation of air vortices behind the outflow edge.
  • stator blade end edge prefferably be substantially block tooth- shaped or sawtooth-shaped, these shapes likewise being able to at least partially provide the intended effect.
  • stator blade end edge can be provided with a number of elements which extend in a main plane of the (rear) stator blade and which each take the form of a parabola or a part of a circle. These shapes can also at least partially provide the intended effect.
  • stator blade end edge can be provided with a number of elements which extend in a main plane of the (rear) stator blade and which each take a
  • the stator blade end edge can optionally have a thickness varying along its length.
  • the rotor blades and/or the stator blades and/or the rear stator blades are provided with a structure, which structure has a pattern of recesses for receiving substantially stationary air.
  • An advantage of the pattern of recesses according to the invention, which serve to receive substantially stationary air, is that the surface of the stator blades in contact with the airflow flowing in the duct consists partially of the stationary air present in the recesses. For the part where the airflow is in contact with the stationary air present in the recesses air-to-air friction will occur, which provides for a lower friction than the parts where the airflow is in contact with the stator blades.
  • the efficiency of the device can increase as a result of the reduction in the air friction of the airflow.
  • each recess is between 0.1 x - 2 x the length of each recess; - a width of each recess is between 0.8 x - 3.5 x the length of each recess;
  • the recesses have an oval shape, a longitudinal axis of which is disposed at an angle relative to the central axis, wherein the angle lies for instance between 0° and 45°;
  • each recess extends at an angle to die inner surface of the duct, wherein the angle lies for instance between 90 and 100°;
  • each recess is connected at a rounded angle to the bottom of each recess, wherein the rounded angle has for instance a radius of between 0 x - 1 x the length of each recess;
  • the recesses are disposed adjacently of each other in a number of substantially straight lines, wherein the straight line extends at an angle relative to the central axis, wherein the angle lies for instance between 0° and 90°, wherein a centre-to-centre distance between two recesses disposed adjacently of each other in one line lies for instance between 1 x - 4 x the width of each recess, and wherein the recesses of two mutually adjacently disposed lines of recesses are for instance arranged offset relative to each other, wherein the offsetting is for instance greater than 0 x the length of each recess and a maximum of 2 x the length of each recess.
  • FIG. 1 A- 1 D show schematically the wind turbine according to a first embodiment of the invention, wherein figure 1 A is a perspective view from a wind inlet side, figure IB is a side view, figure 1C is a perspective view from a wind outlet side, and figure ID is a longitudinal vertical cross-section;
  • figure 2 shows schematically a perspective view of rotor and guide blades disposed in a duct of the wind turbine of figure 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 A and 3B show schematically in detail the valves on the wind outlet opening, wherein figure 3A shows the valves in an open state and figure 3B shows the valves in a closing state;
  • FIG. 4A-4C show schematically a nanostructure which can be arranged on a number of surfaces of the wind turbine, wherein figure 4A is a top view of the nanostructure, figure 4B shows a detail of figure 4A and figure 4C shows a cross-section through the nanostructure.
  • FIG. 5A-5EG show schematically a rotor of the wind turbine of figure 1 , wherein figure 5A is a perspective front view, figure 5B is a front view, figure 5C is a section in the longitudinal direction of the rotor of figure 5B; figure 5D shows a pressure side of a rotor blade and figure 5E is a rear view of the rotor blade; and
  • FIG. 6 A and 6B show schematically the wind turbine according to a second embodiment of the invention, wherein figure 6A is a perspective view from a wind inlet side and figure 6B is a front view.
  • figure 6A is a perspective view from a wind inlet side
  • figure 6B is a front view.
  • FIGS 1A-1D show a wind turbine 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Wind turbine 1 comprises a duct 2 with a central axis 3.
  • a rotor 4 is disposed in duct 2, wherein the central axis 3 of duct 2 substantially coincides with a rotation axis of rotor 4.
  • Duct 2 has a wind inlet opening 5 and a wind outlet opening 6. In this first embodiment wind inlet opening 5 and wind outlet opening 6 are circular.
  • duct 2 is provided on its outer side close to wind inlet opening 5 with a number of wind capture elements 7, in this example three, extending radially outward.
  • Each wind capture element 7 is provided with a channel 8 extending to the inner side of duct 2.
  • the three wind capture elements 7 are arranged distributed at an equal mutual angular distance over the outer surface of duct 2.
  • Each channel 8 extends over substantially its full length in helical form in flow direction round the central axis through duct 2, and debouches with an outlet opening 9 on the inner surface of duct 2.
  • Wind capture elements 7 capture wind flowing on the outer side of duct 2 and feed this wind in helical form to the inner surface of duct 2 via outlet openings 9.
  • wind turbine 2 comprises a number of stator blades 10, in this example six, which are disposed upstream of rotor 4 in duct 2 and which extend radially outward from the central axis 3.
  • Stator blades 10 have a main plane which extends radially from central axis 3 and which is disposed at an oblique angle relative to central axis 3. Because of the oblique angle of the main plane of stator blades 10 the wind flow flowing in duct 2 is guided in an oblique direction relative to central axis 3 so that the wind flow is guided in a substantially helical movement round the central axis 3.
  • Each stator blade 10, in particular the main plane thereof, is provided with a number of upright ribs 11 , in this example three.
  • the upright ribs 11 extend from the pressure side of each stator blade 10 from an upstream wind entry side of blade 10 to a downstream wind exit side of stator blade 10.
  • Ribs 11 extend obliquely outward as seen in radial direction over the wind guiding surface so that on the wind exit side each rib 11 is located at a greater radial distance from the central axis than on the wind entry side.
  • the ribs support the change in the flow direction of the airflow to said helical movement round central axis 3.
  • the desired angle of the helical movement of the wind round central axis 3 is preferably adjustable.
  • Stator blades 10 are connected for this purpose to a connecting shaft 12 extending radially from central axis 3, which connecting shafts 12 are each connected at their radial outer end to duct 2.
  • Stator blade 10 is pivotable about or with connecting shaft 12 for the purpose of adjusting the oblique angle of stator blade 10 relative to central axis 3.
  • Each stator blade 10 is provided with a number of openings 13, in this example three.
  • On the wind exit side each stator blade 10 is provided with a substantially sine-shaped end edge 14, the second derivative of which changes sign more than once.
  • the inner side of duct 2 takes the form, from wind inlet opening 5 up to for instance the location where connecting shaft 12 is disposed, of a Venturi narrowing in flow direction.
  • the inner side of duct 2 is substantially cylindrical.
  • the combination of the Venturi form of the inner side of duct 2 and the stator blades 10 ensures that the wind flows in helical form with a radially outward component upstream of the stator blades 10, so that the diameter of the wind flow supplied to wind turbine 2 upstream of wind inlet opening 5 increases in upstream direction, see also figure 1A.
  • wind turbine 2 comprises a number of rear stator blades 20, in this example six, disposed in duct 2 downstream of rotor 4 and substantially connecting thereto for guiding the wind away from rotor 4 in a substantially downstream direction.
  • Rear stator blades 20 extend radially outward from central axis 3.
  • Each rear stator blade 20 is provided with a number of upright ribs 21, in this example three. Upright ribs 21 extend from the pressure side of each rear stator blade 20 from an upstream wind entry side of blade 20 to a downstream wind exit side of rear stator blade 20.
  • Ribs 21 extend obliquely outward as seen in radial direction with a determined curvature over the wind guiding surface so that on the wind exit side each rib 21 is located at a greater radial distance from central axis 3 than on the wind entry side. Ribs 21 substantially convert a possible helical airflow coming from rotor 4 to a radially outward expanding airflow flowing substantially parallel to central axis 3.
  • the angle of rear stator blades 20 to the central axis is preferably adjustable.
  • Rear stator blades 20 are connected for this purpose to a connecting shaft 22 extending radially from central axis 3, which connecting shafts 22 are each connected at their radial outer end to duct 2.
  • Rear stator blade 20 is pivotable about or with connecting shaft 22 for the purpose of adjusting the angle of rear stator blade 20 relative to central axis 3.
  • each rear stator blade 20 is provided with a substantially sine-shaped end edge 24, the second derivative of which changes sign more than once.
  • Each rear stator blade 20 has substantially two blade parts 25, 26 disposed at an angle (x4 relative to each other, wherein blade part 25 substantially connects to rotor 4 and blade part 26 is disposed downstream of blade part 25.
  • blade part 25 can extend substantially at an angle to central axis 3 and blade part 26 can extend substantially parallel to central axis 3.
  • the angle al between blade parts 25, 26 is in this example around 130°.
  • Blade part 26 has an increasing height so that the wind is guided substantially radially outward, and thereby expands.
  • the increasing height of blade part 26 is optionally adapted to the form of the inner side of that part of duct 2 where blade part 26 is disposed, as will be further elucidated below.
  • a part of duct 2 extending from rotor 4 to wind outlet opening 6 widens in flow direction, particularly in the form of a Venturi.
  • Duct 2 widens in Venturi form particularly on both its inner side and its outer side. Due to the Venturi form of the outer side of duct 2 the airflow flowing on the outer side of duct 2 is guided radially outward to some extent, whereby an underpressure is created in the area of outlet opening 6.
  • An outlet angle al 1 of wind outlet opening 6 to central axis 3 is in this example about 60°.
  • the height of blade part 26 can be adapted here to the inner side of duct 2 widening in the form of a Venturi.
  • a tangent of an upper edge 27 of each rear stator blade 20, and in particular of blade part 26 thereof, can make an angle a2 with central axis 3 which is adapted to the inner side of duct 2 widening in the form of a Venturi, and thereby increases in this example along its length in downstream direction from about 20° to about 80°.
  • duct 2 has a thickness and/or form such that the flow distance of the wind through duct 2 is smaller than the flow distance round the outer side of duct 2, and that because of the form the flow direction round the outer side of duct 2 changes direction at the position of wind outlet opening 6.
  • An underpressure is hereby created in the area of outlet opening 6.
  • the diameter of wind outlet opening 6 of the duct is greater than an outer diameter of wind inlet opening 5 of duct 2.
  • the outer periphery of duct 2 is provided with a helical upright rib 30. This lengthens the flow distance of the wind on the outer side of duct 2 compared to the flow distance of the wind through the inner side of duct 2, and it changes the flow direction round the outer side of duct 2. An underpressure is hereby created in the area of outlet opening 6.
  • wind turbine 1 is provided in the area of wind outlet opening 6 of duct 2 with a number of annular elements 40, in this case two, disposed concentrically with outlet opening 6.
  • Annular elements 40 each have a different diameter which are both smaller than the diameter of outlet opening 6.
  • Annular elements 40 each comprise a cylindrical peripheral surface which extends obliquely outward in downstream direction at an angle to central axis 3.
  • Annular elements 40 are therefore substantially conically widening annular elements. Due to the outward tapering form of annular elements 40 the wind flowing out of outlet opening 6 is guided radially outward.
  • valves 41 Arranged on duct 2 extending over the periphery of outlet opening 6 is a flexible valve 41 which is connected with one end zone to duct 2. Arranged on the outer annular element 40 is a flexible valve 41 which extends over the periphery thereof and which is connected with one end zone to annular element 40.
  • valves 41 are shown in their open state, in which they leave outlet opening 6 substantially clear. The wind flowing out of wind outlet opening 6 moves the valves automatically into this open state. When the wind turns and threatens to flow into duct 2 via outlet opening 6, the wind pushes valves 41 automatically to their closing state as shown in figure 3B.
  • valve 41 connected to duct 2 lies with its free end zone against the outer annular element 40, and the valve connected to the outer annular element 40 lies against the inner annular element 40 so that valves 41 substantially close at least the peripheral zone of wind outlet opening 6.
  • valve 41 connected to outlet opening 6 substantially closes the space between outlet opening 6 and the outer annular element 40.
  • valve 41 connected to outer annular element 40 substantially closes the space between outer annular element 40 and inner annular element 40.
  • Bounding elements in the form of rods 42 extend between the peripheral end zone of outlet opening 6 of duct 2 and outer annular element 40 and between outer annular element 40 and inner annular element 40.
  • the inner annular element 40 is not provided with a valve, so that a central part of outlet opening 6 cannot be closed.
  • This inner annular element 40 can if desired also be provided with a valve so that the central part of outlet opening 6 can be closed and outlet opening 6 can be substantially completely closed.
  • Wind turbine 1 can particularly be a relatively small wind turbine, also referred to as a microturbine or urban wind turbine, which wind turbine can be set up in an urban environment, and in particular optionally on a building.
  • Wind turbine 2 can for this purpose comprise a leg 50, using which the wind turbine can be set up.
  • wind turbine 1 is particularly a so-called horizontal wind turbine, wherein the rotation axis of the rotor and the central axis 3 of duct 2 are disposed substantially horizontally during use of wind turbine 1.
  • An inner surface of the duct and/or rotor blades of the rotor is/are provided with a structure, which structure has a pattern of recesses for receiving substantially stationary air.
  • Figures 4A-4C show a nanostructure 60 which can for instance be arranged on the inner surface of duct 2 and/or on stator blades 10 and/or on rear stator blades 20.
  • Nanostructure 60 has a pattern of recesses 61 for receiving substantially stationary air.
  • the dimensions of recesses 61 lie in the order of magnitude of several ⁇ to several mm. In this example the dimensions are substantially oval, but can take any desired form.
  • the length 62 of each recess is about 4.2 mm.
  • the width 63 of each recess in this example is about 2.3 mm.
  • the depth 64 of each recess is about 0.7 mm.
  • each recess 61 extends in this example at an angle a3 to the inner surface of the duct and/or the surface of stator blade 10 and/or rear stator blade 20, wherein the angle a8 is in this example about 95°.
  • the peripheral wall of each recess 61 is connected in this example at a rounded angle 65 to the bottom of each recess, wherein the rounded angle 65 in this example has a radius of about 0.6 mm.
  • the recesses 61 are disposed adjacently of each other in a number of substantially straight lines 69, wherein the straight line extends at an angle a4 relative to the central axis 3, wherein the angle a4 in this example is about 41°.
  • a centre-to-centre distance 66 between two recesses 61 disposed in one line adjacency of each other is about 3.8 mm.
  • recesses 61 of two mutually adjacent lines 69 of recesses 61 are disposed offset relative to each other, wherein the offsetting 67 in a direction perpendicularly of the longitudinal direction of duct 2 is in this example about 1.1 mm.
  • a centre-to-centre distance 68 between two adjacent recesses 61 of adjacent lines 69 is in this example about 5.2 mm.
  • FIGS 5A-5E show a rotor according to an aspect of the invention.
  • the rotor comprises a number of rotor blades 70, in this example six, which are connected with a peripheral edge to a rotor body 71 of a generator, see also figure ID.
  • Rotor 4 is driven rotatingly by a wind flow flowing in duct 2, whereby rotor body 71 co-rotates.
  • a stator body 77 of the generator disposed in duct 2 is arranged round rotor body 71, see figure ID.
  • rotor blades 70 are disposed at an angle a5 to rotation axis 3, this angle a5 being about 53° in this example.
  • the rotor blades have a wind entry side with a front end edge 72 and a wind exit side with an end edge 73.
  • End edge 73 is substantially sine-shaped over a curved main line 74.
  • An angle a6 of main line 74 close to an inner end of end edge 73, which is disposed close to the rotation axis coinciding with central axis 3, relative to a straight line 75 between the inner end and the outer end of end edge 73, which is disposed close to rotor body 71, is in this example about 38°.
  • An angle l of the main line 74 close to the outer end of end edge 73 relative to the straight line 75 between the inner end and the outer end is in this example about 17°.
  • the front end edge 72 is substantially arcuate.
  • An angle a8 of front end edge 72 close to an inner end of front end edge 72, which is disposed close to the rotation axis coinciding with central axis 3, relative to a straight line 76 between the inner end and the outer end of front end edge 72, which is disposed close to rotor body 71, is in this example about 28°.
  • An angle al4 of front end edge 72 close to the outer end of front end edge 72 relative to the straight line 76 between the inner end and the outer end is in this example about 48°.
  • rotor blades 70 are twisted in a direction between an inner end zone and the peripheral edge connected to generator body 71, in this example through an angle al5 of about 5°.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B show a wind turbine 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention. Only the differences from the wind turbine of figures 1-5 will be elucidated here, and for a further specification of figures 6A and 6B reference is made to the figure description associated with figures 1-5.
  • Wind turbine 1 according to the second embodiment of the invention differs from the wind turbine according to the first embodiment in that inlet opening 5 and outlet opening 6 are substantially oval-shaped instead of circular.
  • Duct 2 transposes gradually from its oval end zones or openings 5, 6 to a round cross-sectional form so that the part of duct 2 where rotor 4 is disposed is substantially cylindrical, just as in the wind turbine according to the first embodiment.
  • inlet opening and/or outlet opening is not limited to the shown circular shape or oval shape, but that it can have any suitable shape.
  • the part where the rotor is disposed is however preferably of circular cross-section, and thereby cylindrical, wherein in the case of a non-circular inlet opening or non-circular outlet opening a gradual transition to this cylindrical part will take place.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de conversion d'énergie éolienne en au moins de l'énergie mécanique, comprenant un rotor avec un certain nombre de pales de rotor pouvant être entraînées en rotation autour d'un axe de rotation par le vent, chaque pale de rotor comprenant un côté entrée de vent et un côté sortie de vent, chaque pale de rotor comprenant sur son côté sortie de vent un bord d'extrémité, dont la seconde dérivée change de signe plus d'une fois.
PCT/NL2016/050651 2015-09-21 2016-09-21 Dispositif de conversion d'énergie éolienne en au moins de l'énergie mécanique WO2017052369A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1041479 2015-09-21
NL1041479A NL1041479B1 (nl) 2015-09-21 2015-09-21 Inrichting voor het omzetten van windenergie in althans mechanische energie.

Publications (2)

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WO2017052369A1 true WO2017052369A1 (fr) 2017-03-30
WO2017052369A9 WO2017052369A9 (fr) 2017-06-29

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE20301445U1 (de) * 2003-01-30 2004-06-09 Moser, Josef Rotorblatt
CA2796432A1 (fr) * 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 Flodesign Wind Turbine Corp. Turbine a fluide comportant un element mobile de commande de fluide
CN102465827A (zh) * 2010-11-10 2012-05-23 通用电气公司 用于风力涡轮机转子叶片的降噪装置
US20130170999A1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2013-07-04 Imperial Innovations Ltd Fluid flow modification apparatus and method of manufacture
WO2014207015A1 (fr) * 2013-06-27 2014-12-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pale de rotor ayant un moyen de réduction du bruit

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE20301445U1 (de) * 2003-01-30 2004-06-09 Moser, Josef Rotorblatt
CA2796432A1 (fr) * 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 Flodesign Wind Turbine Corp. Turbine a fluide comportant un element mobile de commande de fluide
US20130170999A1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2013-07-04 Imperial Innovations Ltd Fluid flow modification apparatus and method of manufacture
CN102465827A (zh) * 2010-11-10 2012-05-23 通用电气公司 用于风力涡轮机转子叶片的降噪装置
WO2014207015A1 (fr) * 2013-06-27 2014-12-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pale de rotor ayant un moyen de réduction du bruit

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NL1041479B1 (nl) 2017-04-14
WO2017052369A9 (fr) 2017-06-29

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