WO2017052273A1 - Method for manufacturing plated steel sheet having excellent distinctness of image after coating, and plated steel sheet manufactured thereby - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing plated steel sheet having excellent distinctness of image after coating, and plated steel sheet manufactured thereby Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017052273A1
WO2017052273A1 PCT/KR2016/010672 KR2016010672W WO2017052273A1 WO 2017052273 A1 WO2017052273 A1 WO 2017052273A1 KR 2016010672 W KR2016010672 W KR 2016010672W WO 2017052273 A1 WO2017052273 A1 WO 2017052273A1
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Prior art keywords
steel sheet
plated steel
wsa1
long wavelength
coating
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PCT/KR2016/010672
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French (fr)
Korean (ko)
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WO2017052273A8 (en
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전선호
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주식회사 포스코
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Application filed by 주식회사 포스코 filed Critical 주식회사 포스코
Priority to EP16848998.7A priority Critical patent/EP3354359B1/en
Priority to US15/761,250 priority patent/US20180257121A1/en
Priority to CN201680055356.2A priority patent/CN108136455A/en
Publication of WO2017052273A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017052273A1/en
Publication of WO2017052273A8 publication Critical patent/WO2017052273A8/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B27/00Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
    • B21B27/02Shape or construction of rolls
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/12Aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/22Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B2001/228Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length skin pass rolling or temper rolling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B2261/00Product parameters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B2267/00Roll parameters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plated steel sheet used in automobile exterior plates, and the like, and more particularly, to a method for producing a plated steel sheet excellent in paint selectivity and a plated steel sheet produced thereby.
  • the plated steel sheet plated with zinc, aluminum, etc. is excellent in corrosion resistance, weldability, and paintability, and thus is widely used as a steel sheet for automobile exterior panels. As such, the plated steel sheet is required as well as press formability and excellent paint screening properties.
  • Paint selectivity refers to the degree to which the surface coated with the painting is beautiful and can be clearly seen without distortion of the image reflected on the surface of the coating. Mainly reviewed. As a result, the coating quality has been dramatically improved by the advancement of coating and coating technology.
  • the primer process omitted in the three-coat coating system consisting of the top coat of the existing electrodeposition coating, the middle coat of the primer coating, and the top coat of the base coating and the clear coating is omitted.
  • -We are actively applying the coat coating system.
  • primer coating is first of all to adjust the surface unevenness of the unevenness, orange peel, etc. that may be present on the surface of the plated steel sheet to be coated, the overall thickness of the coating system is greatly reduced while the primer process is omitted, Since it does not exhibit the function of primer coating, the non-uniformity of the plated steel sheet may be exposed as it is after coating.
  • the study on the wave shape of the plated steel sheet is limited to controlling the average wave shape (Wca) of the plated steel sheet by adjusting the roll shape of the temper roll after plating and the temper rolling operation conditions.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses that the solid particles are projected on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet, so that the surface average roughness of the galvanized steel sheet, that is, the surface average roughness (Ra) is 0.3 to 3.0 ⁇ m, and the number of peaks per inch (PPI) of the steel sheet surface is 250. It is proposed to improve the press formability and paint selectivity by adjusting the number of pieces or more (98 or more in the case of RPc, which is the number of peaks per unit Cm) and the average waviness (Wca) of the surface of the steel sheet to 0.8 mu m, respectively.
  • Patent Documents 3 and 4 are processed by laser processing (LT), and Patent Document 5 is applied by electron beam processing (EBT) to adjust the roughness and wave shape of the roll, and to use it to A method of controlling the average surface roughness Ra, the number of peaks per unit length RPc, and the average wave shape Wca has been proposed.
  • LT laser processing
  • EBT electron beam processing
  • Patent Document 1 Korean Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-0112186
  • Patent Document 2 Korean Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-0068525
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-136701
  • Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-075728
  • Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-302816
  • One aspect of the present invention is a method capable of improving the coating selectivity of a plated steel sheet without such defects even during coating, without generating an orange peel having a long wavelength when processing into an automotive component, and a coating line manufactured thereby. It is to provide a plated steel sheet excellent in spirituality.
  • cold rolling to prepare a cold rolled steel sheet; Manufacturing the plated steel sheet by plating the cold rolled steel sheet; And inserting the plated steel sheet into the temper rolling mill to temper the rolling.
  • It provides a method for producing a plated steel sheet having excellent coating stiffness, characterized in that the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of the final stent rolling roll during the cold rolling is 0.4 ⁇ m or less.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is a plated steel sheet manufactured by the above-described method and including a cold rolled steel sheet and a plating layer formed on the cold rolled steel sheet, wherein the cold rolled steel sheet has a long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
  • Wsa1-5 long wavelength wave shape
  • a plated steel sheet having excellent paint selectivity is provided.
  • the present invention there is no surface defect such as an orange peel even after coating by controlling the long wavelength wave degree of the cold rolled steel sheet, which is a plating material, thereby providing an excellent coated film.
  • the present invention has no change in the roughness value such as the average roughness Ra of the plated steel sheet, the number of peaks per unit length RPc, and the like, and thus, the coating lineability can be improved without reducing the press formability of the plated steel sheet.
  • the plated steel sheet of the present invention is excellent in paint filmability, there is an effect that can be advantageously applied for automotive exterior plates.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a phenomenon in which the shape profile of the surface of the body is reproduced after processing of the plated steel sheet.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the long wavelength wave diagram (Wsa1-5) of the coated steel sheet and the selectivity of the coated steel sheet coated with the coated steel sheet.
  • Rough coating after plating is performed to prevent coating defects such as orange peel after coating of automotive exterior plated steel sheets, and roughness values such as average roughness (Ra) and peak number per unit length (RPc) of plated steel sheets and average wave shape.
  • Ra average roughness
  • RPc peak number per unit length
  • the inventors of the present invention in order to prevent coating defects such as orange peel after coating of the plated steel sheet for automobiles, as well as the plated steel sheet, the long wavelength wave shape of the cold rolled steel sheet (plating material) of the plated steel sheet to the plated steel sheet and the coated steel sheet The impact was examined in detail.
  • the plated layer is processed in the manufacturing process of automobile parts before coating even if the shape profile of the surface of the plated layer is removed. It was confirmed that the shape profile of the base (original) remaining between the base steel sheet and the base steel plate appeared again on the surface of the plated layer, which remained as it is after coating, which hindered the coating screenability. From this, it can be confirmed that the coating sensibility is determined by combining not only the long wavelength wave diagram of the plated steel sheet but also the long wavelength wave diagram of the cold rolled steel sheet which is a plating material.
  • the long wavelength wave shape generated in the plating process can be controlled by optimizing the long wavelength wave shape of the roll used in the temper rolling, but the long wavelength wave shape of the cold rolled steel sheet, which is a plating material, is exposed after the plated steel sheet is processed. It has been found that controlling the long wave wavelength of the cold rolled sheet itself is advantageous for improving the paint selectivity.
  • Wsa1-5 is used as the long wavelength wave diagram rather than the filtered center line waviness (WIS B0651 regulation) of conventional Wca.
  • Wsa1-5 is measured length ( This is because it is shown by filtering only the long wavelength wave diagram, which is the shape profile most visible to the naked eye having a wavelength of 1 to 5 mm in the shape profile including the nonuniformity, tent, etc. within 50 mm).
  • the numbers 1 and 5 represent the lower and upper limits of the cut-off value, where 1 is the roughness cutoff value ⁇ c that removes the roughness component having a wavelength of 1 mm or less from the shape profile, and 5 is the shape profile. It means the coarse cut off value (lambda f) which removes the coarse shape of 5 mm or more. Therefore, the roughness component and the shape covered by the coating in the shape profile are coarse, and only the pure long wavelength wave diagram which removes the coarse form which is not observed by the orange peel defect etc. is shown.
  • Wca which means filtered centerline wave diagram
  • Wca has a cut-off value of 0.8 to 8 mm and includes a coarseness component of 0.8 or more and a coarse form component between 5 and 8 mm. Since it is not expressed, it does not exactly match the shape profile observed with the naked eye.
  • the present invention in order to prevent coating defects such as orange peel after coating of the plated steel sheet for automobiles, by controlling the long wavelength wave diagram (Wsa1-5) of the cold rolled steel sheet is a plating material, Surface defects such as peeling do not appear, and to maintain this even after coating is to propose a way to secure excellent screening.
  • a method of manufacturing a coated steel sheet having excellent paint selectivity may include preparing a cold rolled steel sheet by cold rolling, and manufacturing the plated steel sheet by plating the cold rolled steel sheet.
  • a cold rolled steel sheet is a plated material
  • the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) is a cold rolled steel sheet of 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
  • the long-wave wave shape (Wsa1-5) of the cold rolled steel sheet is 0.2 ⁇ m or less (excluding 0), even if the component processing is performed after plating, surface defects such as orange peel do not appear, and thus excellent screenability can be obtained even after coating. .
  • the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of the final stand rolling roll exceeds 0.4 ⁇ m during cold rolling
  • the long wave shape (Wsa1-5) of the cold rolled steel sheet manufactured exceeds 0.2 ⁇ m. A defect arises, and this remains after coating, and there exists a problem of reducing coating selectivity.
  • the cold-rolled steel sheet may be any steel sheet that can produce a conventional plated steel sheet.
  • the low carbon steel sheet may be a low carbon steel sheet, the low carbon steel sheet, for example, by weight% carbon (C): 0.002% or less (excluding 0%), manganese (Mn): 0.08% or less (excluding 0%), Silicon (Si): 0.003% or less (except 0%), aluminum (Al): 0.028% or less (except 0%) and the like, Cu, Ni for the purpose of improving the mechanical properties of the coated steel sheet It may further comprise Mo, Nb, V, B and the like, it may be made of the remaining Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
  • the cold rolled steel sheet is not limited to the low carbon steel sheet.
  • the cold-rolled steel sheet having the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) is preferably plated and manufactured as a plated steel sheet.
  • the plating is preferably performed so that the plating adhesion amount of one surface is 45 g / m 2 or more. More preferably, plating can be performed so that it may become 45 g / m ⁇ 2> or more and 80 g / m ⁇ 2> or less.
  • the plating adhesion amount at the time of plating is less than 45g / m 2 , even if the cold-rolled steel sheet having a long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) intended in the present invention as a plating material, surface defects such as orange peel appears when processing parts after plating, There is a problem that it is retained even after painting, thereby reducing the selectivity.
  • Wsa1-5 long wavelength wave shape
  • the plating method is not particularly limited, but for example, hot dip plating or electroplating may be used.
  • the plated steel sheet in the case of using the hot dip plating may be, for example, a hot dip galvanized steel sheet, a hot dip aluminum plated steel sheet and an aluminum alloy plated steel sheet, and may be an alloyed hot dip galvanized steel sheet alloyed with the plated steel sheet.
  • the plated steel sheet in the case of using the electroplating may be, for example, an electrogalvanized steel sheet or an electrogalvanized steel sheet.
  • the plated steel sheet manufactured according to the above can be loaded into a conventional temper rolling mill to perform temper rolling. At this time, 150 tons using a tempered roll having a long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) of 0.4 ⁇ m or less (excluding 0) It is preferable to carry out by the above roll rolling force.
  • Wsa1-5 long wavelength waviness
  • the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of the plated steel sheet before processing is determined by the long wavelength wave diagram of the cold rolled steel sheet, which is a plating material, and the long wavelength wave diagram after plating, which affects the long wavelength wave value after processing. Therefore, in order to control the long wavelength wave shape of the plated steel sheet after processing to less than 0.35 ⁇ m, it is preferable to manage the long wavelength wave shape of the plated steel sheet before processing to 0.28 ⁇ m or less.
  • the plated steel sheet according to the present invention includes a cold rolled steel sheet and a plated layer formed on the cold rolled steel sheet, and the cold rolled steel sheet preferably has a long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
  • the plating layer may be a zinc plating layer, an aluminum plating layer, a zinc alloy plating layer or an aluminum alloy plating layer, but is not limited thereto.
  • the above-described plated steel sheet of the present invention is manufactured by the above-described manufacturing method according to the present invention, and in particular, a cold rolled roll having a long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) of 0.4 ⁇ m or less is used as the final stand rolling roll.
  • the long-wave wave shape (Wsa1-5) of the cold-rolled steel sheet satisfies 0.2 ⁇ m or less, whereby a plated steel sheet excellent in coating selectivity can be provided.
  • the present inventors evaluated the selectivity of the coated steel sheet as shown in FIG. 2 in order to derive the relationship of how the long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) of the coated steel sheet affects the selectivity of the coated steel sheet.
  • paint selectivity of automotive steel sheet is quantitatively evaluated using DIO wavescan (DIO wavescan, BYK-Gardner).
  • the DIO value of the DIO wave scan is represented in the structural spectrum continuously from the short-period wavelength to the long-period wavelength, and the value of each wavelength band is represented as a dimensionless 0 to 100 value.
  • the coated steel sheet has a problem that the orange peel is formed with a long period wavelength of 5 ⁇ m or more, the coating screening performance is lowered.
  • the plated steel sheet of the present invention preferably has a long wavelength wavelength (Wsa1-5) of less than 0.35 ⁇ m (excluding 0) after processing at a strain of 5%.
  • the hot rolled steel sheet was cold rolled to produce a cold rolled steel sheet.
  • the average roughness Ra and the number of peaks per unit length RPc are adjusted to adjust the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) by 0.18. After adjusting to -0.66 micrometer, it cold-rolled at 77-83% of cold rolling ratio using this rolling roll.
  • a cold rolled steel sheet having an average roughness (Ra) of 0.61 to 0.85 ⁇ m, a number of peaks (RPc) per unit length of 34 to 56 particles / cm, and a long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) of 0.18 to 0.28 ⁇ m was produced. It was.
  • roughness values and wave shape values such as the average roughness Ra of each roll and cold rolled steel sheet, the number of peaks per unit length (RPc), and the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5), are measured using a contact type two-dimensional roughness meter (HOSAKAWA). Measured according to SEP 1941 regulations.
  • the cupping test was such that the diameter of the flat deformed flat portion of the cup to at least 100mm, the strain was adjusted to the processing height.
  • the hot-dip galvanizing is performed using the cold rolled steel sheet as a plating material at a plating adhesion amount of 45g / m 2 or more on one side, the long wavelength after 5% cupping of the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet which is a coating material
  • the waviness (Wsa1-5) was less than 0.35 ⁇ m, and even when observed with the naked eye, long-wavelength defects such as orange peel did not occur, resulting in excellent paint selectivity.
  • the long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) was 0.2 ⁇ m.
  • the cold rolled steel sheet is exceeded, and hot-dip galvanizing is performed using the cold-rolled steel sheet as a plating material at a plating adhesion amount of 45g / m 2 or more on one side, the long-wave wave shape after 5% cupping processing of the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet as a coating material As (Wsa1-5) became 0.35 micrometer or more, the long-wavelength defect like orange peel was visually recognized.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a plated steel sheet used as an automobile outer panel, etc., and more specifically, to a method for manufacturing a plated steel sheet having excellent distinctness of image after coating, and a plated steel sheet manufactured thereby.

Description

도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판의 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 도금강판Manufacturing method of plated steel sheet having excellent coating sensibility and plated steel sheet manufactured thereby
본 발명은 자동차 외판 등으로 사용되는 도금강판에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판의 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 도금강판에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a plated steel sheet used in automobile exterior plates, and the like, and more particularly, to a method for producing a plated steel sheet excellent in paint selectivity and a plated steel sheet produced thereby.
아연, 알루미늄 등으로 도금된 도금강판은 내식성, 용접성 및 도장성이 우수하여 자동차 외판용 강판으로 많이 사용되며, 이와 같이 자동차 외판으로 사용되기 때문에 프레스 성형성뿐만 아니라 우수한 도장 선영성이 요구된다.The plated steel sheet plated with zinc, aluminum, etc. is excellent in corrosion resistance, weldability, and paintability, and thus is widely used as a steel sheet for automobile exterior panels. As such, the plated steel sheet is required as well as press formability and excellent paint screening properties.
도장 선영성이란 도장을 실시한 표면이 미려하여, 도장표면에 비치는 상의 왜곡없이 선명하게 볼 수 있는 정도를 말하며, 종래에는 주로 도장기술의 과제(특허문헌 1)로 취급되어 도장 방법 및 도료 개선 등을 주로 검토하여 왔다. 그 결과, 도장 및 도료 기술의 진보로 도장품질이 획기적으로 향상되었다.Painting selectivity refers to the degree to which the surface coated with the painting is beautiful and can be clearly seen without distortion of the image reflected on the surface of the coating. Mainly reviewed. As a result, the coating quality has been dramatically improved by the advancement of coating and coating technology.
특히, 최근에는 자동차사에서 비용 절감을 위해 기존의 전착도장의 하도, 프라이머 도장인 중도, 베이스 코팅 및 클리어 코팅의 상도로 구성된 3-코트 도장 시스템에서 프라이머 도장인 중도를 생략하는 프라이머 공정 생략형 2-코트 도장 시스템의 적용을 적극 추진하고 있다. In particular, in recent years, in order to reduce costs in automobile companies, the primer process omitted in the three-coat coating system consisting of the top coat of the existing electrodeposition coating, the middle coat of the primer coating, and the top coat of the base coating and the clear coating is omitted. -We are actively applying the coat coating system.
프라이머 도장의 목적은 무엇보다도 도장될 도금강판의 표면에 존재할 수 있는 요철, 오렌지 필 등의 표면 불균일성을 조정하는 것인데, 이러한 프라이머 공정이 생략됨에 따라 도장 시스템의 전체 두께가 크게 감소하는 한편, 상술한 프라이머 도장의 기능을 발휘하지 못하기 때문에 도금강판의 불균일성이 도장 후에 그대로 노출될 수 있다.The purpose of primer coating is first of all to adjust the surface unevenness of the unevenness, orange peel, etc. that may be present on the surface of the plated steel sheet to be coated, the overall thickness of the coating system is greatly reduced while the primer process is omitted, Since it does not exhibit the function of primer coating, the non-uniformity of the plated steel sheet may be exposed as it is after coating.
이에, 프라이머 공정 생략형인 2-코트 도장 시스템의 적용에 따라 도장소재인 도금강판의 보다 엄격한 표면품질이 요구되고 있다.Accordingly, in accordance with the application of the two-coat coating system, which is a primer process omitted, a more stringent surface quality of the coated steel sheet is required.
이러한 추세에 따라 지금까지의 도장 선영성을 개선하기 위한 도금강판에 대한 연구는 조질압연 롤의 표면거칠기 및 표면거칠기의 형상 제어 등의 영향을 주로 검토하였으나, 도장 선영성에 미치는 인자인 도금강판의 표면 형상 프로파일인 파상도(waviness) 관점에서 볼 때, 표면조도(Ra) 및 미세 요철의 단위 길이당 피크수(RPc) 등은 도막에 의해 덮이는 단주기(단파장) 파상도로 도장 선영성 개선에는 미미한 것으로 알려져 있다.According to these trends, studies on plated steel sheet to improve paint selectivity have been mainly examined the effects of surface roughness and shape control of surface roughness, but the surface of plated steel sheet, which is a factor affecting paint selectivity, has been studied. In terms of waviness, which is a shape profile, surface roughness (Ra) and the number of peaks (RPc) per unit length of fine unevenness, etc. are short period (short wavelength) waves covered by the coating film. It is known to be insignificant.
또한, 도금강판의 파상도에 대한 연구는 도금 후의 조질압연의 롤 형태 및 조질압연 조업조건을 조정하여 도금강판의 평균 파상도(Wca)를 제어하는 것에 국한되어 있다.In addition, the study on the wave shape of the plated steel sheet is limited to controlling the average wave shape (Wca) of the plated steel sheet by adjusting the roll shape of the temper roll after plating and the temper rolling operation conditions.
일 예로, 특허문헌 2에는 고체입자를 아연도금강판의 표면에 투사하여 아연도금강판의 표면 평균 거칠기 즉, 표면 평균조도(Ra)를 0.3~3.0㎛, 강판 표면의 인치당 피크수(PPI)를 250개 이상(단위 Cm당 피크수인 RPc의 경우 98개 이상) 및 강판 표면의 평균 파상도(Wca)를 0.8㎛로 각각 조정하여 프레스 성형성과 도장 선영성을 개선하는 방법을 제안하고 있다.For example, Patent Document 2 discloses that the solid particles are projected on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet, so that the surface average roughness of the galvanized steel sheet, that is, the surface average roughness (Ra) is 0.3 to 3.0 µm, and the number of peaks per inch (PPI) of the steel sheet surface is 250. It is proposed to improve the press formability and paint selectivity by adjusting the number of pieces or more (98 or more in the case of RPc, which is the number of peaks per unit Cm) and the average waviness (Wca) of the surface of the steel sheet to 0.8 mu m, respectively.
또한, 특허문헌 3과 4에는 레이저 가공(LT)으로, 특허문헌 5에는 전자빔 가공(EBT)으로 조질압연 롤을 가공하여 롤의 조도 및 파상도를 조절하고, 이를 사용하여 조질압연한 도금강판의 평균 표면조도(Ra), 단위 길이당 피크수(RPc) 및 평균 파상도(Wca)를 제어하는 방법 등이 제안되어 있다.In addition, Patent Documents 3 and 4 are processed by laser processing (LT), and Patent Document 5 is applied by electron beam processing (EBT) to adjust the roughness and wave shape of the roll, and to use it to A method of controlling the average surface roughness Ra, the number of peaks per unit length RPc, and the average wave shape Wca has been proposed.
그러나, 조질압연된 도금강판의 평균 파상도(Wca)를 제어하여 도금층 표면의 형상 프로파일이 제거되더라도 도장 전 자동차 부품으로의 가공 공정에서 도금층과 소지철에 잔존하는 소지 원판의 형상 프로파일이 나타나고, 이것이 도장 후에도 그대로 유지되어 선영성을 저해하는 문제가 있다.However, even if the shape profile of the surface of the plated layer is removed by controlling the average waviness (Wca) of the tempered rolled plated steel sheet, the shape profile of the base plate remaining in the plated layer and the base steel appears during the processing to the automotive parts before coating, which is There is a problem that it remains as it is after painting and impairs selectivity.
(특허문헌 1) 한국 공개특허공보 제2010-0112186호(Patent Document 1) Korean Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-0112186
(특허문헌 2) 한국 공개특허공보 제2002-0068525호(Patent Document 2) Korean Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-0068525
(특허문헌 3) 일본 특개 평7-136701호(Patent Document 3) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-136701
(특허문헌 4) 일본 특개 평6-075728호(Patent Document 4) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-075728
(특허문헌 5) 일본 특개 평11-302816호(Patent Document 5) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-302816
본 발명의 일 측면은, 자동차 부품으로의 가공시 장파장 파장인 오렌지 필이 발생하지 않으면서, 도장 시에도 그러한 결함이 없는 도금강판의 도장 선영성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판을 제공하고자 하는 것이다.One aspect of the present invention is a method capable of improving the coating selectivity of a plated steel sheet without such defects even during coating, without generating an orange peel having a long wavelength when processing into an automotive component, and a coating line manufactured thereby. It is to provide a plated steel sheet excellent in spirituality.
본 발명의 일 측면은, 냉간압연하여 냉연강판을 준비하는 단계; 상기 냉연강판을 도금하여 도금강판으로 제조하는 단계; 및 상기 도금강판을 조질압연기 내에 장입하여 조질압연하는 단계를 포함하고,One aspect of the invention, cold rolling to prepare a cold rolled steel sheet; Manufacturing the plated steel sheet by plating the cold rolled steel sheet; And inserting the plated steel sheet into the temper rolling mill to temper the rolling.
상기 냉간압연시 최종 스탠트 압연롤의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.4㎛ 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판의 제조방법을 제공한다.It provides a method for producing a plated steel sheet having excellent coating stiffness, characterized in that the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of the final stent rolling roll during the cold rolling is 0.4㎛ or less.
본 발명의 다른 일 측면은, 상술한 방법에 의해 제조되고, 냉연강판 및 상기 냉연강판 상에 형성된 도금층을 포함하는 도금강판으로서, 상기 냉연강판은 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.2㎛ 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판을 제공한다.Another aspect of the present invention is a plated steel sheet manufactured by the above-described method and including a cold rolled steel sheet and a plating layer formed on the cold rolled steel sheet, wherein the cold rolled steel sheet has a long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of 0.2 μm or less. Provided is a plated steel sheet having excellent paint selectivity.
본 발명에 의하면, 도금소재인 냉연강판의 장파장 파상도를 제어함으로써 도장 이후라도 오렌지 필과 같은 표면결함이 없어, 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판을 제공하는 효과가 있다.According to the present invention, there is no surface defect such as an orange peel even after coating by controlling the long wavelength wave degree of the cold rolled steel sheet, which is a plating material, thereby providing an excellent coated film.
특히, 본 발명은 도금강판의 평균조도(Ra), 단위 길이당 피크수(RPc) 등의 조도값 변화가 없으므로, 도금강판의 프레스 성형성 저하 없이 도장 선영성을 개선하는 효과가 있다.In particular, the present invention has no change in the roughness value such as the average roughness Ra of the plated steel sheet, the number of peaks per unit length RPc, and the like, and thus, the coating lineability can be improved without reducing the press formability of the plated steel sheet.
또한, 본 발명의 도금강판은 도장 선영성이 우수하여 자동차 외판용으로 유리하게 적용할 수 있는 효과가 있다.In addition, the plated steel sheet of the present invention is excellent in paint filmability, there is an effect that can be advantageously applied for automotive exterior plates.
도 1은 도금강판의 가공 후 소지 표면의 형상 프로파일이 재현되는 현상을 나타내는 모식도이다.1 is a schematic diagram showing a phenomenon in which the shape profile of the surface of the body is reproduced after processing of the plated steel sheet.
도 2는 도금강판의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)와 상기 도금강판을 도장한 도장강판의 선영성과의 관계를 나타내는 그래프이다.Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the long wavelength wave diagram (Wsa1-5) of the coated steel sheet and the selectivity of the coated steel sheet coated with the coated steel sheet.
자동차 외판용 도금강판의 도장 후 오렌지 필과 같은 도장결함을 방지하는 방법으로 도금 후 조질압연을 실시하여 도금강판의 평균조도(Ra), 단위 길이당 피크수(RPc) 등의 조도 값과 평균 파상도(Wca)의 형상 프로파일을 적절히 조절하는 방안이 제안되고 있으나, 이러한 조도 값은 단주기 파장으로 도장강판의 도장층(도막)에 필터링되기 때문에 도장 선영성에 미치는 영향은 미미한 것으로 알려져 있다.Rough coating after plating is performed to prevent coating defects such as orange peel after coating of automotive exterior plated steel sheets, and roughness values such as average roughness (Ra) and peak number per unit length (RPc) of plated steel sheets and average wave shape. Although a method of appropriately adjusting the shape profile of the figure (Wca) has been proposed, since the roughness value is filtered to the coating layer (coating film) of the coated steel sheet at a short period wavelength, it is known that the influence on the coating selectivity is insignificant.
이에, 본 발명자들은 자동차 외판용 도금강판의 도장 후 오렌지 필과 같은 도장결함을 방지하기 위하여, 도금강판뿐만 아니라 도금강판의 원판(도금소재)인 냉연강판의 장파장 파상도가 도금강판 및 도장강판에 미치는 영향을 상세히 검토하였다.Therefore, the inventors of the present invention, in order to prevent coating defects such as orange peel after coating of the plated steel sheet for automobiles, as well as the plated steel sheet, the long wavelength wave shape of the cold rolled steel sheet (plating material) of the plated steel sheet to the plated steel sheet and the coated steel sheet The impact was examined in detail.
그 결과, 도 1에 나타낸 바와 같이 장파장 파상도 등을 최적화한 조질압연 롤로 조질압연하여 도금강판의 장파장 파상도를 제어하여 도금층 표면의 형상 프로파일을 제거하더라도 도장 전 자동차 부품 제조 공정에서의 가공으로 도금층과 소지강판 사이에 잔존하는 소지(원판)의 형상 프로파일이 도금층 표면에 다시 나타나고, 이것이 도장 후에도 그대로 유지되어 도장 선영성을 저해하는 문제가 있음을 확인하였다. 이로부터, 도장 선영성은 도금강판의 장파장 파상도뿐만 아니라, 도금소재인 냉연강판의 장파장 파상도가 합쳐져 결정되는 것을 확인할 수 있다.As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, even though the shape of the plated layer is removed by rough rolling by optimizing the rolled roll to optimize the long wavelength wave, the plated layer is processed in the manufacturing process of automobile parts before coating even if the shape profile of the surface of the plated layer is removed. It was confirmed that the shape profile of the base (original) remaining between the base steel sheet and the base steel plate appeared again on the surface of the plated layer, which remained as it is after coating, which hindered the coating screenability. From this, it can be confirmed that the coating sensibility is determined by combining not only the long wavelength wave diagram of the plated steel sheet but also the long wavelength wave diagram of the cold rolled steel sheet which is a plating material.
이 중, 도금공정에서 발생하는 장파장 파상도는 조질압연시 사용되는 롤의 장파장 파상도를 최적화하는 것으로부터 제어할 수 있지만, 도금소재인 냉연강판의 장파장 파상도는 도금강판의 가공 후에 노출되기 때문에 냉연강판 자체의 장파장 파상도를 제어함이 도장 선영성 개선에 유리함을 발견하였다.Among these, the long wavelength wave shape generated in the plating process can be controlled by optimizing the long wavelength wave shape of the roll used in the temper rolling, but the long wavelength wave shape of the cold rolled steel sheet, which is a plating material, is exposed after the plated steel sheet is processed. It has been found that controlling the long wave wavelength of the cold rolled sheet itself is advantageous for improving the paint selectivity.
본 발명에서, 장파장 파상도는 종래의 Wca의 여과된 중심선 파상도(Filtered center line waviness, JIS B0651규정) 보다는 Wsa1-5를 사용함이 바람직한데, SEP 1941 규정에 의하면, Wsa1-5는 측정 길이(50mm) 내의 불균일, 텐트 등이 포함된 형상 프로파일에서 파장 1~5mm 크기의 육안으로 가장 잘 볼 수 있는 형상 프로파일인 장파장 파상도만으로 필터링하여 나타낸 것이기 때문이다. In the present invention, it is preferable to use Wsa1-5 as the long wavelength wave diagram rather than the filtered center line waviness (WIS B0651 regulation) of conventional Wca. According to the SEP 1941 specification, Wsa1-5 is measured length ( This is because it is shown by filtering only the long wavelength wave diagram, which is the shape profile most visible to the naked eye having a wavelength of 1 to 5 mm in the shape profile including the nonuniformity, tent, etc. within 50 mm).
즉, 숫자 1, 5는 컷 오프(cut-off) 치의 하한과 상한을 나타내는 것으로서, 1은 형상 프로파일에서 파장 1mm 이하의 조도 성분을 제거하는 조도 컷 오프치(λc)이고, 5는 형상 프로파일에서 5mm 이상의 조대 형상을 제거하는 조대 형상(form) 컷 오프치(λf)를 의미한다. 따라서, 형상 프로파일에서 도장에 의해 덮이는 조도 성분과 형상이 조대하여 오렌지 필 결함 등으로 관찰되지 않은 조대 형상(form)을 제거한 순수 장파장 파상도만으로 나타낸 것이다.That is, the numbers 1 and 5 represent the lower and upper limits of the cut-off value, where 1 is the roughness cutoff value λc that removes the roughness component having a wavelength of 1 mm or less from the shape profile, and 5 is the shape profile. It means the coarse cut off value (lambda f) which removes the coarse shape of 5 mm or more. Therefore, the roughness component and the shape covered by the coating in the shape profile are coarse, and only the pure long wavelength wave diagram which removes the coarse form which is not observed by the orange peel defect etc. is shown.
이에 반해, 여과된 중심선 파상도를 의미하는 Wca는 컷 오프치가 0.8~8mm로 0.8 이상의 조도 성분과 5~8mm 사이의 조대 형상(form) 성분이 포함되어 있어, 오렌지 필로 관찰되는 장파장 파상도를 정확히 표현하지 못하므로, 육안으로 관찰되는 형상 프로파일과는 정확히 일치되지 않는다.In contrast, Wca, which means filtered centerline wave diagram, has a cut-off value of 0.8 to 8 mm and includes a coarseness component of 0.8 or more and a coarse form component between 5 and 8 mm. Since it is not expressed, it does not exactly match the shape profile observed with the naked eye.
이에, 본 발명에서는 자동차 외판용 도금강판의 도장 후 오렌지 필과 같은 도장결함을 방지하기 위하여, 도금소재인 냉연강판의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)를 제어함으로써, 도금 후 부품가공을 실시하더라도 오렌지 필 등의 표면결함이 나타나지 않고, 이를 도장 후에도 유지시켜 우수한 선영성을 확보할 수 있는 방안을 제안하고자 한다.Accordingly, in the present invention, in order to prevent coating defects such as orange peel after coating of the plated steel sheet for automobiles, by controlling the long wavelength wave diagram (Wsa1-5) of the cold rolled steel sheet is a plating material, Surface defects such as peeling do not appear, and to maintain this even after coating is to propose a way to secure excellent screening.
이하에서는, 본 발명에 대하여 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
본 발명의 일 측면에 따른 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판의 제조방법은 냉간압연하여 냉연강판을 준비하는 단계 및 상기 냉연강판을 도금하여 도금강판으로 제조하는 단계를 포함하는 것이 바람직하다.According to an aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a coated steel sheet having excellent paint selectivity may include preparing a cold rolled steel sheet by cold rolling, and manufacturing the plated steel sheet by plating the cold rolled steel sheet.
본 발명에 따른 도금강판을 제조함에 있어서, 도금소재인 냉연강판을 준비하는 것이 바람직한데, 이때 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.2㎛ 이하인 냉연강판인 것이 바람직하다.In manufacturing a plated steel sheet according to the present invention, it is preferable to prepare a cold rolled steel sheet is a plated material, it is preferable that the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) is a cold rolled steel sheet of 0.2㎛ or less.
상기 냉연강판의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.2㎛ 이하(0은 제외)일 때 도금 후 부품가공을 실시하더라도 오렌지 필과 같은 표면결함이 나타나지 않아, 도장 후에도 우수한 선영성을 확보할 수 있다.Even if the long-wave wave shape (Wsa1-5) of the cold rolled steel sheet is 0.2 μm or less (excluding 0), even if the component processing is performed after plating, surface defects such as orange peel do not appear, and thus excellent screenability can be obtained even after coating. .
하지만, 도금소재인 냉연강판의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.2㎛를 초과하게 되면 도금 후 부품 가공시에 오렌지 필 등의 표면결함이 나타나고, 이는 도장 후에도 유지되어 선영성을 저하시키는 원인이 된다.However, when the long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) of the cold rolled steel sheet, which is a plated material, exceeds 0.2 μm, surface defects such as orange peel appear during the processing of parts after plating. do.
상기와 같이, 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.2㎛ 이하인 냉연강판을 얻기 위해서는, 냉간압연시 사용되는 압연롤의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)를 제어하는 것이 바람직하며, 보다 바람직하게는 최종 스탠드 압연롤의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)를 0.4㎛ 이하(0은 제외)로 제어하는 것이 바람직하다.As described above, in order to obtain a cold rolled steel sheet having a long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of 0.2 µm or less, it is preferable to control the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of the rolling roll used during cold rolling, and more preferably, It is preferable to control the long wavelength wave shape Wsa1-5 of a stand rolling roll to 0.4 micrometer or less (except 0).
냉간압연시 최종 스탠드 압연롤의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.4㎛를 초과하게 되면 제조되는 냉연강판의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.2㎛를 초과하게 되어 도금 후 가공시 오렌지 필 등의 결함이 발생하고, 이것이 도장 후에도 잔존하여 도장 선영성을 저하시키는 문제가 있다.If the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of the final stand rolling roll exceeds 0.4 μm during cold rolling, the long wave shape (Wsa1-5) of the cold rolled steel sheet manufactured exceeds 0.2 μm. A defect arises, and this remains after coating, and there exists a problem of reducing coating selectivity.
한편, 상기 냉연강판으로는 통상의 도금강판을 제조할 수 있는 어떠한 강판도 가능하다.On the other hand, the cold-rolled steel sheet may be any steel sheet that can produce a conventional plated steel sheet.
일 예로, 저탄소 강판일 수 있으며, 상기 저탄소 강판은 예를들어, 중량%로 탄소(C): 0.002% 이하(0%는 제외), 망간(Mn): 0.08% 이하(0%는 제외), 실리콘(Si): 0.003% 이하(0%는 제외), 알루미늄(Al): 0.028% 이하(0%는 제외) 등을 필수로 포함하면서, 도금강판의 기계적 특성을 향상시키기 위한 목적에서 Cu, Ni, Mo, Nb, V, B 등을 더 포함할 수 있으면서, 잔부 Fe 및 기타 불가피한 불순물로 이루어질 수 있다.For example, it may be a low carbon steel sheet, the low carbon steel sheet, for example, by weight% carbon (C): 0.002% or less (excluding 0%), manganese (Mn): 0.08% or less (excluding 0%), Silicon (Si): 0.003% or less (except 0%), aluminum (Al): 0.028% or less (except 0%) and the like, Cu, Ni for the purpose of improving the mechanical properties of the coated steel sheet It may further comprise Mo, Nb, V, B and the like, it may be made of the remaining Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
다만, 본 발명에서 상기 냉연강판은 상기 저탄소 강판에 한정되는 것은 아니다.However, in the present invention, the cold rolled steel sheet is not limited to the low carbon steel sheet.
이후, 상기 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 제어된 냉연강판을 도금하여 도금강판으로 제조함이 바람직하며, 이때 한 면의 도금 부착량이 45g/m2 이상이 되도록 도금을 실시함이 바람직하다. 보다 바람직하게는 45g/m2 이상 80g/m2 이하가 되도록 도금을 실시할 수 있다.Subsequently, the cold-rolled steel sheet having the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) is preferably plated and manufactured as a plated steel sheet. In this case, the plating is preferably performed so that the plating adhesion amount of one surface is 45 g / m 2 or more. More preferably, plating can be performed so that it may become 45 g / m <2> or more and 80 g / m <2> or less.
도금시 도금 부착량이 45g/m2 미만이면 본 발명에서 의도하는 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)를 갖는 냉연강판을 도금소재로 사용하더라도, 도금 후 부품 가공시 오렌지 필 등의 표면결함이 나타나고, 이것이 도장 후에도 유지되어 선영성을 저하시키는 문제가 있다.If the plating adhesion amount at the time of plating is less than 45g / m 2 , even if the cold-rolled steel sheet having a long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) intended in the present invention as a plating material, surface defects such as orange peel appears when processing parts after plating, There is a problem that it is retained even after painting, thereby reducing the selectivity.
상기 도금방법으로는 특별히 한정하지 아니하나, 일 예로 용융도금, 전기도금 등을 이용할 수 있다.The plating method is not particularly limited, but for example, hot dip plating or electroplating may be used.
상기 용융도금을 이용하는 경우의 도금강판은 일 예로, 용융아연도금강판, 용융알루미늄도금강판 및 알루미늄 합금도금강판 일 수 있으며, 상기 도금강판에 합금화처리한 합금화 용융아연도금강판 일 수 있다.The plated steel sheet in the case of using the hot dip plating may be, for example, a hot dip galvanized steel sheet, a hot dip aluminum plated steel sheet and an aluminum alloy plated steel sheet, and may be an alloyed hot dip galvanized steel sheet alloyed with the plated steel sheet.
또한, 상기 전기도금을 이용하는 경우의 도금강판은 일 예로, 전기아연도금강판 또는 전기아연합금도금강판 일 수 있다.In addition, the plated steel sheet in the case of using the electroplating may be, for example, an electrogalvanized steel sheet or an electrogalvanized steel sheet.
상기한 바에 따라 제조된 도금강판을 통상의 조질압연기 내에 장입하여 조질압연을 행할 수 있으며, 이때 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.4㎛ 이하(0은 제외)인 조질압연 롤을 이용하여 150톤 이상의 롤 압하력(roll force)으로 실시함이 바람직하다.The plated steel sheet manufactured according to the above can be loaded into a conventional temper rolling mill to perform temper rolling. At this time, 150 tons using a tempered roll having a long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) of 0.4 μm or less (excluding 0) It is preferable to carry out by the above roll rolling force.
상기 조질압연시 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.4㎛ 이하인 롤을 이용하게 되면, 최종적으로 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.28㎛ 이하(0은 제외)인 도금강판을 얻을 수 있다.When the roll having the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of 0.4 µm or less is used during temper rolling, a plated steel sheet having a long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of 0.28 µm or less (excluding 0) can be finally obtained.
가공 전 도금강판의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)는 도금소재인 냉연강판의 장파장 파상도 및 도금 후의 장파장 파상도에 의해 결정되며, 이는 가공 후의 장파장 파상도 값에 영향을 미친다. 이에, 가공 후 도금강판의 장파장 파상도를 0.35㎛ 미만으로 관리하기 위해서는 가공 전 도금강판의 장파장 파상도를 0.28㎛ 이하로 관리하는 것이 바람직하다.The long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of the plated steel sheet before processing is determined by the long wavelength wave diagram of the cold rolled steel sheet, which is a plating material, and the long wavelength wave diagram after plating, which affects the long wavelength wave value after processing. Therefore, in order to control the long wavelength wave shape of the plated steel sheet after processing to less than 0.35 μm, it is preferable to manage the long wavelength wave shape of the plated steel sheet before processing to 0.28 μm or less.
이하, 본 발명의 다른 일 측면인 도금강판에 대하여 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, a plated steel sheet which is another aspect of the present invention will be described in detail.
본 발명에 따른 도금강판은 냉연강판 및 상기 냉연강판 상에 형성된 도금층을 포함하며, 상기 냉연강판은 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.2㎛ 이하인 것이 바람직하다.The plated steel sheet according to the present invention includes a cold rolled steel sheet and a plated layer formed on the cold rolled steel sheet, and the cold rolled steel sheet preferably has a long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of 0.2 μm or less.
이때, 상기 도금층은 아연도금층, 알루미늄도금층, 아연합금도금층 또는 알루미늄합금도금층일 수 있으며, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다.In this case, the plating layer may be a zinc plating layer, an aluminum plating layer, a zinc alloy plating layer or an aluminum alloy plating layer, but is not limited thereto.
상술한 본 발명의 도금강판은 앞서 언급한 본 발명에 따른 제조방법에 의해 제조되는 것으로서, 특히 냉각압연시 압연롤의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.4㎛ 이하인 압연롤을 최종 스탠드 압연롤로 사용함으로써, 냉연강판의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.2㎛ 이하를 만족함으로써, 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판을 제공할 수 있다.The above-described plated steel sheet of the present invention is manufactured by the above-described manufacturing method according to the present invention, and in particular, a cold rolled roll having a long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) of 0.4 µm or less is used as the final stand rolling roll. As a result, the long-wave wave shape (Wsa1-5) of the cold-rolled steel sheet satisfies 0.2 µm or less, whereby a plated steel sheet excellent in coating selectivity can be provided.
한편, 본 발명자들은 도금강판의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 도장강판의 선영성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 그 관계를 도출하기 위하여, 도장강판의 선영성을 도 2와 같이 평가하였다. 일반적으로 자동차 강판의 도장 선영성은 주로 DIO 웨이브 스캔(DIO wavescan, BYK-Gardner사)을 사용하여 정량적으로 평가하고 있다. DIO 웨이브 스캔의 DIO값은 단주기 파장에서 장주기 파장까지 연속하여 구조 스펙트럼으로 나타나고, 각 파장대의 값을 무차원의 0~100의 값으로 나타낸다.Meanwhile, the present inventors evaluated the selectivity of the coated steel sheet as shown in FIG. 2 in order to derive the relationship of how the long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) of the coated steel sheet affects the selectivity of the coated steel sheet. In general, paint selectivity of automotive steel sheet is quantitatively evaluated using DIO wavescan (DIO wavescan, BYK-Gardner). The DIO value of the DIO wave scan is represented in the structural spectrum continuously from the short-period wavelength to the long-period wavelength, and the value of each wavelength band is represented as a dimensionless 0 to 100 value.
평가 결과, 도 2에 나타낸 바와 같이, 컵 가공(상면 5% 가공)된 도금강판(도장 미처리)의 장주기 파장과 2-코트 도장 시스템으로 도장처리된 도장강판의 장주기 파장과는 높은 상관 관계를 가짐을 확인할 수 있다.As a result of the evaluation, as shown in FIG. 2, there is a high correlation between the long period wavelength of the cup steel plate (5% top surface) plated steel sheet (not coated) and the long period wavelength of the coated steel sheet coated with the two-coat coating system. can confirm.
보다 구체적으로, 가공된 도금강판의 장주기 파장 0.35㎛ 이상에서는 도장강판이 5㎛ 이상의 장주기 파장인 오렌지 필이 형성되어 도장 선영성이 저하되는 문제가 있다.More specifically, in the long period wavelength of 0.35㎛ or more of the processed plated steel sheet, the coated steel sheet has a problem that the orange peel is formed with a long period wavelength of 5㎛ or more, the coating screening performance is lowered.
이를 통해 볼 때, 도금강판의 5% 가공 후 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)를 측정함으로써 도장 후의 오렌지 필 형성 및 도장 선영성의 저하를 추정하는 것이 가능하므로, 본 발명에서는 도금강판의 5% 가공 후 장파장 파상도를 측정함으로써 도장 선영성을 평가할 수 있다.Through this, since it is possible to estimate the orange peel formation after coating and the reduction of paint stiffness by measuring the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) after 5% processing of the plated steel sheet, in the present invention, after 5% processing of the plated steel sheet The coating selectivity can be evaluated by measuring the long wavelength wave diagram.
따라서, 본 발명의 도금강판은 변형율 5%로 가공 후 장파장 파장도(Wsa1-5)가 0.35㎛ 미만(0은 제외)인 것이 바람직하다.Accordingly, the plated steel sheet of the present invention preferably has a long wavelength wavelength (Wsa1-5) of less than 0.35 µm (excluding 0) after processing at a strain of 5%.
이하, 실시예를 통하여 본 발명을 보다 구체적으로 설명하고자 한다. 다만, 하기의 실시예는 본 발명을 예시하여 보다 상세하게 설명하기 위한 것일 뿐, 본 발명의 권리범위를 한정하기 위한 것이 아니라는 점에 유의할 필요가 있다. 본 발명의 권리범위는 특허청구범위에 기재된 사항과 이로부터 합리적으로 유추되는 사항에 의해 결정되는 것이기 때문이다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, it is necessary to note that the following examples are only intended to illustrate the present invention in more detail, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. This is because the scope of the present invention is determined by the matters described in the claims and the matters reasonably inferred therefrom.
(실시예)(Example)
일반 저탄소강의 산세 열연강판을 준비한 후, 상기 열연강판을 냉간압연하여 냉연강판으로 제조하였다. 이때, 냉간압연 공정의 마지막 공정 압연롤의 표면 요철을 숏 블라스트 및 방전가공으로 부여함으로써, 평균조도(Ra) 및 단위 길이당 피크수(RPc)를 조절하여 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)를 0.18~0.66㎛로 조정한 다음, 이 압연롤을 사용하여 77~83%의 냉간압하율로 냉간압연하였다. 그 결과, 평균조도(Ra)가 0.61~0.85㎛이고, 단위 길이당 피크수(RPc)가 34~56개/cm이며, 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.18~0.28㎛인 냉연강판을 제조하였다. 여기서, 각 롤 및 냉연강판의 평균조도(Ra), 단위 길이당 피크수(RPc) 및 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5) 등의 조도값과 파상도값은 접촉식 2차원 조도계(HOSAKAWA사)로 SEP 1941 규정에 따라 측정하였다.After preparing a pickling hot rolled steel sheet of general low carbon steel, the hot rolled steel sheet was cold rolled to produce a cold rolled steel sheet. At this time, by giving the surface unevenness of the last rolling roll of the cold rolling process by shot blasting and discharge processing, the average roughness Ra and the number of peaks per unit length RPc are adjusted to adjust the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) by 0.18. After adjusting to -0.66 micrometer, it cold-rolled at 77-83% of cold rolling ratio using this rolling roll. As a result, a cold rolled steel sheet having an average roughness (Ra) of 0.61 to 0.85 µm, a number of peaks (RPc) per unit length of 34 to 56 particles / cm, and a long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) of 0.18 to 0.28 µm was produced. It was. Here, roughness values and wave shape values, such as the average roughness Ra of each roll and cold rolled steel sheet, the number of peaks per unit length (RPc), and the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5), are measured using a contact type two-dimensional roughness meter (HOSAKAWA). Measured according to SEP 1941 regulations.
상기에 따라 제조된 각각의 냉연강판을 통상의 조건으로 소둔 열처리한 후, 용융아연도금욕에 침지하여 에어나이프로 한 면의 도금 부착량이 40~80g/m2으로 도금한 다음, 방전가공(EDT)으로 가공하여 평균조도(Ra)가 2.7㎛ 이고, 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.3㎛인 조질압연 워크롤을 이용하여 150톤의 롤 압하력(roll force)으로 조질압연하여, 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.17~0.46㎛인 용융아연도금강판을 제조하였다.After annealing and heat-treating each cold-rolled steel sheet manufactured according to the above-mentioned conditions under normal conditions, immersing it in a hot dip galvanizing bath and plating the surface with an air knife at 40 to 80 g / m 2 , followed by electric discharge machining (EDT). ) And is roughly rolled with a roll force of 150 tons using a rough rolling work roll having an average roughness (Ra) of 2.7 탆 and a long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) of 0.3 탆. A hot dip galvanized steel sheet having a degree (Wsa1-5) of 0.17 to 0.46 µm was manufactured.
제조된 각각의 용융아연도금강판을 성형시험기로 평가면인 평탄부의 변형율이 5%가 되도록 컵핑 테스트(cupping test)하여 가공한 후, 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)를 측정하였으며, 육안으로 오렌지 필 형성 유무를 평가하고, 그 결과를 하기 표 1에 나타내었다.After manufacturing each hot-dip galvanized steel sheet by a cupping test (Cupping test) so that the deformation rate of the flat portion of the evaluation surface with a molding tester (5%), the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) was measured, and the orange peel visually Formation was evaluated and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
이때, 컵핑 테스트는 컵의 평평하게 변형된 평탄부의 직경이 최소 100mm가 되도록 하고, 변형율은 가공높이로 조정하였다.At this time, the cupping test was such that the diameter of the flat deformed flat portion of the cup to at least 100mm, the strain was adjusted to the processing height.
강종Steel grade 최종 스탠드 압연롤Final Stand Rolling Roll 냉연강판Cold rolled steel sheet 도금부착량(g/m2)Coating Weight (g / m 2 ) 조질압연 롤Temper Roll 도금강판Plated steel sheet 선영성평가Sunyoung Evaluation 비고Remarks
평균조도(㎛)Average roughness (㎛) Wsa1-5Wsa1-5 평균조도(㎛)Average roughness (㎛) RPc(/cm)RPc (/ cm) Wsa1-5Wsa1-5 평균조도(㎛)Average roughness (㎛) Wsa1-5Wsa1-5 롤 압하력(톤)Roll rolling force (ton) 평균조도(㎛)Average roughness (㎛) RPc(/cm)RPc (/ cm) 가공전Wsa1-5Before processing Wsa1-5 가공 후 Wsa1-5Wsa1-5 after machining 결함유무Defect
1One 2.12.1 0.360.36 0.850.85 5656 0.180.18 6060 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.151.15 7878 0.270.27 0.280.28 미발생Not Occurred 발명예1Inventive Example 1
22 2.12.1 0.260.26 0.810.81 4343 0.180.18 6060 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.211.21 7676 0.260.26 0.280.28 미발생Not Occurred 발명예2Inventive Example 2
33 2.12.1 0.260.26 0.750.75 3636 0.180.18 6060 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.091.09 7777 0.260.26 0.270.27 미발생Not Occurred 발명예3Inventive Example 3
44 2.12.1 0.280.28 0.720.72 3434 0.190.19 6060 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.151.15 7575 0.230.23 0.260.26 미발생Not Occurred 발명예4Inventive Example 4
55 2.12.1 0.250.25 0.660.66 3939 0.180.18 6060 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.121.12 7777 0.240.24 0.250.25 미발생Not Occurred 발명예5Inventive Example 5
66 2.12.1 0.230.23 0.610.61 3535 0.180.18 6060 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.241.24 7575 0.230.23 0.250.25 미발생Not Occurred 발명예6Inventive Example 6
77 2.12.1 0.660.66 0.70.7 3535 0.280.28 6060 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.061.06 7878 0.460.46 0.540.54 발생Occur 비교예1Comparative Example 1
88 2.12.1 0.490.49 0.70.7 3535 0.260.26 6060 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.111.11 7777 0.350.35 0.420.42 발생Occur 비교예2Comparative Example 2
99 2.12.1 0.420.42 0.70.7 3535 0.260.26 6060 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.071.07 7777 0.330.33 0.380.38 발생Occur 비교예3Comparative Example 3
1010 2.12.1 0.380.38 0.70.7 3535 0.20.2 6060 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.11.1 7575 0.280.28 0.30.3 미발생Not Occurred 발명예7Inventive Example 7
1111 2.12.1 0.340.34 0.70.7 3535 0.20.2 6060 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.081.08 7878 0.270.27 0.270.27 미발생Not Occurred 발명예8Inventive Example 8
1212 2.12.1 0.260.26 0.70.7 3535 0.20.2 6060 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.081.08 7878 0.230.23 0.270.27 미발생Not Occurred 발명예9Inventive Example 9
1313 2.12.1 0.180.18 0.70.7 3535 0.190.19 6060 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.121.12 7878 0.170.17 0.240.24 미발생Not Occurred 발명예10Inventive Example 10
1414 2.12.1 0.340.34 0.70.7 3535 0.20.2 4040 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.081.08 7878 0.320.32 0.370.37 발생Occur 비교예4Comparative Example 4
1515 2.12.1 0.340.34 0.70.7 3535 0.20.2 4545 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.161.16 7676 0.270.27 0.320.32 미발생Not Occurred 발명예11Inventive Example 11
1616 2.12.1 0.340.34 0.70.7 3535 0.20.2 5050 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.211.21 7878 0.260.26 0.30.3 미발생Not Occurred 발명예12Inventive Example 12
1717 2.12.1 0.340.34 0.70.7 3535 0.20.2 7575 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.111.11 8080 0.270.27 0.290.29 미발생Not Occurred 발명예13Inventive Example 13
1818 2.12.1 0.340.34 0.70.7 3535 0.20.2 8080 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.191.19 7979 0.260.26 0.280.28 미발생Not Occurred 발명예14Inventive Example 14
1919 2.12.1 0.420.42 0.70.7 3535 0.260.26 4545 2.72.7 0.30.3 150150 1.121.12 8080 0.370.37 0.470.47 발생Occur 비교예5Comparative Example 5
(상기 표 1에서 '가공 후 Wsa1-5'는 5% 가공 후 축정한 Wsa1-5 값을 의미하며, '결함 유무'는 오렌지 필의 형성 유무를 의미한다.)(In Table 1, 'Wsa1-5 after processing' means Wsa1-5 value accumulated after 5% processing, and 'defect present' refers to orange peel formation.)
상기 표 1에 나타낸 바와 같이, 냉간압연 공정의 최종 스탠드 압연시 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.4㎛ 이하인 압연롤을 이용하는 경우(발명예 1-14), 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.2㎛ 이하인 냉연강판을 얻을 수 있으며, 이러한 냉연강판을 도금소재로 하여 한 면의 도금 부착량 45g/m2 이상으로 용융아연도금을 행한 경우, 도장소재인 용융아연도금강판의 5% 컵핑 가공 후의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.35㎛ 미만이고, 육안으로 관찰하더라도 오렌지 필과 같은 장파장 결함이 발생하지 않아, 도장 선영성이 우수하였다.As shown in Table 1 above, when using a rolling roll having a long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) of 0.4 µm or less during the final stand rolling of the cold rolling process (Invention Example 1-14), the long waviness (Wsa1-5) A cold rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 0.2 µm or less can be obtained. When the hot-dip galvanizing is performed using the cold rolled steel sheet as a plating material at a plating adhesion amount of 45g / m 2 or more on one side, the long wavelength after 5% cupping of the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet which is a coating material The waviness (Wsa1-5) was less than 0.35 µm, and even when observed with the naked eye, long-wavelength defects such as orange peel did not occur, resulting in excellent paint selectivity.
반면, 냉간압연 공정의 최종 패스시 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.4㎛를 초과하는 압연롤을 이용하는 경우(비교예 1-3 및 5), 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.2㎛를 초과하는 냉연강판이 얻어지며, 이러한 냉연강판을 도금소재로 하여 한 면의 도금 부착량 45g/m2 이상으로 용융아연도금을 행한 경우, 도장소재인 용융아연도금강판의 5% 컵핑 가공 후의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.35㎛ 이상으로 됨에 따라, 육안으로 오렌지 필과 같은 장파장 결함이 확인되었다.On the other hand, in the case of using a rolling roll having a long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) of more than 0.4 µm in the final pass of the cold rolling process (Comparative Examples 1-3 and 5), the long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) was 0.2 µm. When the cold rolled steel sheet is exceeded, and hot-dip galvanizing is performed using the cold-rolled steel sheet as a plating material at a plating adhesion amount of 45g / m 2 or more on one side, the long-wave wave shape after 5% cupping processing of the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet as a coating material As (Wsa1-5) became 0.35 micrometer or more, the long-wavelength defect like orange peel was visually recognized.
뿐만 아니라, 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.4㎛ 이하인 롤을 이용하더라도 도금시 한 면의 도금 부착량이 45g/m2 미만인 경우(비교예 4)에도, 5% 컵핑 가공 후의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.35㎛ 이상으로 됨에 따라, 육안으로 오렌지 필과 같은 장파장 결함이 확인되었다.In addition, even when a roll having a long wavelength waviness (Wsa1-5) of 0.4 µm or less is used, even when the plating adhesion amount of one side is less than 45 g / m 2 at the time of plating (Comparative Example 4), the long wavelength waviness after 5% cupping processing (Wsa1) As -5) became 0.35 micrometer or more, the long-wavelength defect like orange peel was visually recognized.

Claims (8)

  1. 냉간압연하여 냉연강판을 준비하는 단계;Cold rolling to prepare a cold rolled steel sheet;
    상기 냉연강판을 도금하여 도금강판으로 제조하는 단계; 및Manufacturing the plated steel sheet by plating the cold rolled steel sheet; And
    상기 도금강판을 조질압연기 내에 장입하여 조질압연하는 단계를 포함하고,Inserting the plated steel sheet into a temper rolling mill to temper rolling;
    상기 냉간압연시 최종 스탠드 압연롤의 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.4㎛ 이하(0은 제외)인 것을 특징으로 하는 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판의 제조방법.The long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of the final stand rolling roll during the cold rolling is 0.4㎛ or less (excluding 0), the method of manufacturing a coated steel sheet excellent in paint filmability.
  2. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,
    상기 냉연강판은 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.2㎛ 이하(0은 제외)인 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판의 제조방법.The cold rolled steel sheet has a long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of 0.2 μm or less (excluding 0).
  3. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,
    상기 도금은 한 면의 도금 부착량이 45g/m2 이상이 되도록 실시하는 것인 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판의 제조방법.The plating is a method for producing a coated steel sheet excellent coating selectivity that is carried out so that the plating adhesion amount on one side of 45g / m 2 or more.
  4. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,
    상기 조질압연은 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.4㎛ 이하(0은 제외)인 롤을 사용하는 것인 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판의 제조방법.The temper rolling is a method of producing a coated steel sheet having excellent coating stiffness that uses a roll having a long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of 0.4 ㎛ or less (excluding 0).
  5. 제 1항 내지 제 4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    상기 도금강판은 용융아연도금강판, 용융알루미늄도금강판, 알루미늄합금도금강판, 전기아연도금강판, 전기아연합금도금강 및, 합금화 용융아연도금강판 중 어느 하나인 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판의 제조방법.The plated steel sheet is a hot dip galvanized steel sheet, a hot dip aluminum plated steel sheet, an aluminum alloy plated steel sheet, an electrogalvanized steel sheet, an electro zinc alloy plated steel, and an alloyed hot dip galvanized steel sheet, any one of the methods of producing a plated steel sheet having excellent coating goodness .
  6. 냉연강판 및 상기 냉연강판 상에 형성된 도금층을 포함하는 도금강판으로서,As a plated steel sheet comprising a cold rolled steel sheet and a plating layer formed on the cold rolled steel sheet,
    상기 냉연강판은 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.2㎛ 이하(0은 제외)인 것을 특징으로 하는 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판.The cold-rolled steel sheet is a plated steel sheet having excellent coating clarity, characterized in that the long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) is 0.2㎛ or less (excluding 0).
  7. 제 6항에 있어서,The method of claim 6,
    상기 도금강판은 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.28㎛ 이하(0은 제외)인 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판.The plated steel sheet is a plated steel sheet having excellent coating sensibility having a long wavelength wave shape (Wsa1-5) of 0.28 μm or less (excluding 0).
  8. 제 6항에 있어서,The method of claim 6,
    상기 도금강판은 변형율 5%로 가공 후 표면 장파장 파상도(Wsa1-5)가 0.35㎛ 미만(0은 제외)인 도장 선영성이 우수한 도금강판.The plated steel sheet is a plated steel sheet having excellent coating sensibility having a surface long wavelength (Wsa1-5) of less than 0.35㎛ (excluding 0) after processing at a strain rate of 5%.
PCT/KR2016/010672 2015-09-23 2016-09-23 Method for manufacturing plated steel sheet having excellent distinctness of image after coating, and plated steel sheet manufactured thereby WO2017052273A1 (en)

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EP3354359A1 (en) 2018-08-01
KR101746944B1 (en) 2017-06-14
CN108136455A (en) 2018-06-08
EP3354359A4 (en) 2018-08-22
EP3354359B1 (en) 2020-12-16
US20180257121A1 (en) 2018-09-13
WO2017052273A8 (en) 2017-05-26

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