WO2017045245A1 - 3d打印机及3d打印方法 - Google Patents

3d打印机及3d打印方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017045245A1
WO2017045245A1 PCT/CN2015/092740 CN2015092740W WO2017045245A1 WO 2017045245 A1 WO2017045245 A1 WO 2017045245A1 CN 2015092740 W CN2015092740 W CN 2015092740W WO 2017045245 A1 WO2017045245 A1 WO 2017045245A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
printing
assembly
support material
temperature
printhead
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2015/092740
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐鹏博
顾华
韩梅
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd, Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Priority to US14/902,561 priority Critical patent/US20170232681A1/en
Publication of WO2017045245A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017045245A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/188—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0827—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using UV radiation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of 3D printing, and in particular to a 3D printer and a 3D printing method.
  • 3D printing is a kind of rapid prototyping technology. It is a technology based on digital files, using powder or curable materials to manufacture products by layer-by-layer printing. It is in sharp contrast with the subtractive manufacturing technology used in traditional manufacturing. In contrast, 3D printing is an additive manufacturing technique that is formed by the superposition of layers of material to form the final product.
  • SLA printers are among the first commercial 3D printers that use UV-curable photosensitive resin to form a printed layer.
  • the support platform is down (or up). Move a certain distance to allow the photosensitive resin layer to re-cover on the previous printing surface and then continue to cure.
  • the photosensitive resin material needs to be extruded from the print head, and then the materials are layered one after another, so it is necessary to provide the necessary support for a new layer which is not in the cross section of the previous printing layer during printing. .
  • the support member is removed, it is easy to adversely affect the printed layer, including deformation or even breakage of the printed layer.
  • Most of the current 3D printing technologies are supported by support materials.
  • the support material has the following functions: 1. Fixing the pre-printed model body; 2. When the pre-printed model body is printed in the suspended portion, the support material can support the lower portion.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a 3D printer and a support material which is easy to remove. A 3D printing method.
  • a 3D printer including a printing chamber, the printing chamber is provided with a printing assembly and a carrying platform, the printing assembly is disposed above the carrying platform, the printing assembly includes a printing bracket and a connection a printhead assembly and a curing light assembly on a print carriage that moves in a printing direction, the printhead assembly being located in front of the curing light assembly in the printing direction, the printhead assembly including printing a main print head of the model body and a sub-print head of the print support material, the mold main body material is a photosensitive resin, a printing temperature inside the printing chamber is lower than a solidification temperature of the support material, and the support material is in the printing Solidified at temperature.
  • the support material is water, and the printing temperature is lower than 0 °C.
  • the printing assembly further comprises a flattening assembly coupled to the print carriage, the flattening assembly being disposed between the printhead assembly and the curing light assembly.
  • the flattening assembly comprises a flattening roller and a support frame connecting the flattening roller and the printing bracket.
  • the interior of the flattening roller and the interior of the support frame are both hollow and communicate with each other, and the interior of the flattening roller and the interior of the support frame are filled with less than the support material. Cooling medium for solidification temperature.
  • the sub-printing head is provided with a temperature control device for controlling the support material in the sub-printing head to remain in a liquid state.
  • the main print head is located in front of the sub-print head.
  • the printing assembly further includes a conversion head connecting the main print head and the sub-print head to the print carriage, and the head converts the main print head and the sub-print head s position.
  • the carrying platform is provided with a low temperature component, and the temperature of the low temperature component controlling the bearing plane of the carrying platform is lower than the solidification temperature of the supporting material.
  • a 3D printing method for printing using a 3D printer comprising a printing chamber, the printing chamber being provided with a printing assembly and a carrying platform, the printing assembly Provided above the carrier platform, the printing assembly includes a print carriage and a print head assembly and a curing light assembly coupled to the print carriage, the print carriage along Moving in a direction in which the printhead assembly is located in front of the curing light assembly, the printhead assembly including a primary printhead that prints a model body and a secondary printhead that prints a support, the model
  • the main material is a photosensitive resin, and a printing temperature inside the printing chamber is lower than a solidification temperature of the supporting material, and the supporting material is solidified in the printing temperature.
  • the mold is removed and the support material is removed in an environment above the solidification temperature of the support material.
  • the support material is water, and the printing temperature is lower than 0 °C.
  • the printing assembly further comprises a flattening assembly coupled to the print carriage, the flattening assembly being disposed between the printhead assembly and the curing light assembly.
  • the flattening assembly comprises a flattening roller and a support frame connecting the flattening roller and the printing bracket.
  • the interior of the flattening roller and the interior of the support frame are both hollow and communicate with each other, and the interior of the flattening roller and the interior of the support frame are filled with less than the support material. Cooling medium for solidification temperature.
  • the sub-printing head is provided with a temperature control device for controlling the support material in the sub-printing head to remain in a liquid state.
  • the main print head is located in front of the sub-print head.
  • the printing assembly further includes a conversion head connecting the main print head and the sub-print head to the print carriage, and the head converts the main print head and the sub-print head s position.
  • the carrying platform is provided with a low temperature component, and the temperature of the low temperature component controlling the bearing plane of the carrying platform is lower than the solidification temperature of the supporting material.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the support material can be solidified after being printed out by controlling the printing temperature in the printing chamber, thereby realizing the solidification of the model body.
  • the whole process is simple and efficient, which is beneficial to improve the printing efficiency of 3D printers.
  • the model is only taken out from the 3D printer and placed in an environment having a temperature higher than the solidification temperature of the support material, the support material is self-melting, and the support material is removed. It is fast, simple, and does not cause damage to the main body of the model, ensuring print quality of the model body.
  • the support material is set to water. Compared with the existing support materials, the use of water as a support material is extremely low in cost, environmentally friendly, and can be recycled. At this time, set the print room print temperature below 0 °C. Of course, it is only necessary to take out the printed model in the 3D printer of the embodiment and place it in an environment higher than 0 ° C, and the support material of the water material is self-melting, and the removal process of the support material is fast and simple. And does not cause damage to the main body of the model, ensuring the print quality of the model body.
  • the 3D printer of the present invention is further provided with a flattening assembly, and the pressing plane of the flattening assembly is at a low temperature state lower than the solidification temperature of the support material, and the flattening roller is pressed over the support
  • the material can promote the solidification of the support material, further ensuring the support strength of the support material.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a 3D printer provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a flattening assembly on a 3D printer provided by the present invention.
  • 3 is a schematic structural view of another 3D printer provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printer provided by the present invention.
  • the 3D printer according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a printing chamber 1 .
  • the printing chamber 1 is internally provided with a printing assembly 2 and a carrying platform 3 .
  • the printing assembly 2 is disposed above the carrying platform 3 , and the printing assembly 2 includes a printing bracket 21 .
  • a printhead assembly 22 and a curing light assembly 24 attached to the print carriage 21.
  • the printing direction of the 3D printer of the present embodiment is defined as the X direction shown in FIG. 1, in other words, the printing unit 2 performs the printing operation in the X direction.
  • the print carriage 21 of the printing assembly 2 is moved in the X direction, and in the X direction, the print head assembly 22 is located in front of the curing light assembly 24.
  • the print head assembly 22 includes a main print head 221 for printing the mold main body 4 and a sub-print head 222 for printing the support material 5.
  • the mold main body 4 is made of a photosensitive resin, and the printing temperature inside the printing chamber 1 is lower than the solidification temperature of the support material 5, and the support Feed 5 solidifies at the printing temperature.
  • the 3D printer prints the model main body 4 through the main print head 221, the material of the model main body 4 is photosensitive resin, the model main body 4 is solidified under the illumination of the curing lamp assembly 24, and the supporting material 5 is printed by the sub-printing head 222.
  • the support material 5 is printed adjacent to or suspended from the mold main body 4, and solidifies at a printing temperature lower than the solidification temperature of the support material 5 for supporting and fixing the mold main body 4.
  • the 3D printer in the present embodiment can solidify the support material 5 after being printed by controlling the printing temperature in the printing chamber 1, thereby realizing the fixing and supporting of the model body 4.
  • the whole process is simple and efficient, and is beneficial to improve. 3D printer printing efficiency.
  • the model is only taken out from the 3D printer and placed in an environment where the temperature is higher than the solidification temperature of the support material 5, the support material 5 is self-melting, and the removal process of the support material 5 is fast and simple, and The damage to the model body 4 is not caused, and the print quality of the model body 4 is ensured.
  • the cost of using water as the supporting material in this embodiment is extremely low, environmentally friendly, and can be recycled.
  • the printing temperature in the printing chamber 1 is set to be lower than 0 °C.
  • the support material of the water material will melt automatically, and the removal process of the support material is fast and simple, and It does not cause damage to the main body of the model, and the print quality of the model body is guaranteed.
  • the printing temperature in the printing chamber 1 can be maintained by the wind circulation system, and the cooling source of the wind circulation system can be an external cooling system or a system matched by the 3D printer.
  • the printing assembly 2 of the 3D printer further includes a flattening assembly 23 attached to the print carriage 21, the flattening assembly 23 being disposed between the printhead assembly 22 and the curing light assembly 24.
  • the photosensitive resin and the supporting material are first printed by the printing unit 2, and then flattened by the printing unit 2
  • the assembly 23 presses the photosensitive resin and the support to a set thickness, and finally cures the photosensitive resin by the curing lamp assembly 24 to complete one printing.
  • the flattening assembly 23 includes a flattening roller 231 and a support frame 232 that connects the flattening roller 231 with the print carriage 21.
  • the flattening roller 231 flattens the photosensitive resin 4 and the water 5 by rolling, and the movement is gentle, and the forward resistance is small.
  • the inside of the flattening roller 231 and the inside of the support frame 232 are both hollow and communicate with each other, and the inside of the flattening roller 231 and the inside of the support frame 232 are filled with a lower solidification temperature than the support material.
  • Cooling medium may also flow inside the flattening roller 231 and inside the support frame 232, and the flow direction is as indicated by the arrow in FIG.
  • the pressing plane of the flattening roller 231 is in a low temperature state lower than the solidification temperature of the supporting material, the solidification of the supporting material can be promoted when the flattening roller 231 is pressed against the supporting material, and the supporting strength of the supporting material is further ensured.
  • the pressing plane is the outer surface of the flattening roller 23, that is, the contact surface of the flattening roller 23 with the photosensitive resin and the supporting material.
  • the cooling medium may be a gas or liquid of -3 ° C to -7 ° C, preferably -5 ° C. Since the pressing plane of the flattening roller 231 is in a low temperature state below 0 ° C, the water can be further solidified into ice when the flattening roller 231 is pressed through the water, thereby further ensuring the supporting strength of the supporting material using the water material in the embodiment. .
  • the sub-printing head 222 of the 3D printer is provided with a temperature control device for controlling the support material in the sub-printing head 222 to maintain a liquid state, preventing the support material from solidifying at the outlet of the sub-printing head 222, forming a pair.
  • the print head 222 outputs an obstacle. It can be understood that when the support material uses water as the material, the temperature control device is used to control the temperature of the water in the sub-printing head 222 to not lower than 0 ° C to prevent water from solidifying at the outlet of the sub-printing head 222 to form a sub-head. 222 output obstacles.
  • the main print head 221 of the printing unit 2 is located in front of the sub-print head 222 in the printing direction. Further, the printing unit 2 is provided with a print control system capable of detecting the positions of the main print head 221 and the sub-head 222 during the movement of the print unit 2, and independently controlling the main print head 221 and the sub-head. The output operation of the print head 222 and the stop output operation.
  • the printing assembly 2 of the 3D printer further includes a conversion head 223 connecting the main print head 221 and the sub-head 222 to the print carriage 21, and converting the main The positions of the print head 221 and the sub-print head 222.
  • the printing unit 2 is also provided with a print control system capable of detecting the position of the printing unit 2 during the movement of the printing unit 2 and controlling the position of the main head 221 and the sub-head 222 to be switched by the converter head 223.
  • the main control can be independently controlled.
  • the curing lamp assembly 24 of the 3D printer includes an LED ultraviolet light source.
  • the LED ultraviolet light source has small heat generation, long service life and small volume, and the installation position in the 3D printer can be flexibly adjusted and has little influence on the printing temperature in the printing chamber 1.
  • a concentrating device can be added to the LED ultraviolet light source, so that the illumination position of the light can be controlled more accurately, so as to achieve the effect of edge-printing curing in the 3D printing process.
  • the carrying platform 3 of the 3D printer is provided with a low temperature component, and the low temperature component controls the temperature of the bearing plane of the loading platform 3 to be lower than the solidification temperature of the supporting material. It is ensured that the support material using the water material contacting the bearing plane does not melt.
  • the bearing plane is the contact surface of the bearing platform 3 with the photosensitive resin and the supporting material. It can be understood that when the support material uses water as a material, the temperature of the bearing plane is lower than 0 °C.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a 3D printing method, which is printed by using a 3D printer as described in the foregoing embodiments, and the printing steps are as follows:
  • the mold is removed and the support material is removed in an environment above the solidification temperature of the support material.
  • the support material can be solidified after being printed out by controlling the printing temperature in the printing chamber, thereby realizing the fixing and supporting of the model body, and the whole process is simple. Efficient, it helps to improve printing efficiency.
  • the model is only taken out from the 3D printer and placed in an environment having a temperature higher than the solidification temperature of the support material, the support material is self-melting, and the removal process of the support material is fast, Simple, and does not cause damage to the main body of the model, ensuring that the main body of the model is hit Print quality.

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Abstract

一种3D打印机，包括打印室（1），所述打印室（1）内部设置有打印组件（2）和承载平台（3），所述打印组件（2）设置在所述承载平台（3）的上方，所述打印组件（2）包括打印支架（21）和连接在所述打印支架（21）上的打印头组件（22）和固化灯组件（24），所述打印支架（21）沿打印方向移动，在所述打印方向上，所述打印头组件（22）位于所述固化灯组件（24）的前方，所述打印头组件（22）包括打印模型主体（4）的主打印头（221）和打印支撑料（5）的副打印头（222），所述模型主体材料（4）为光敏树脂，所述打印室（1）内部的打印温度低于所述支撑料（5）的凝固温度，所述支撑料（5）在所述打印温度中凝固。一种3D打印方法。3D打印机和3D打印方法中的支撑料容易去除。

Description

3D打印机及3D打印方法
本发明要求2015年9月18日递交的发明名称为“3D打印机及3D打印方法”的申请号201510601277.4的在先申请优先权，上述在先申请的内容以引入的方式并入本文本中。
技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印领域，尤其涉及一种3D打印机及一种3D打印方法。
背景技术
3D打印是快速成型技术的一种，是一种以数字文件为基础，使用粉末或者可固化材料，通过逐层打印的方式来制造产品的技术，与传统制造业采用的减材制造技术形成鲜明的对比，3D打印是一种增材制造技术，是通过一层层材料的叠加形成最终的产品。
SLA打印机(采用光固化立体成型技术，Stereo lithography，SLA)是最早商用的3D打印机之一，这类打印机利用紫外光固化光敏树脂形成打印层，打印完一层后支撑平台向下(或者向上)移动一定距离让光敏树脂层重新覆盖在前一层打印面上，然后继续进行固化。光敏树脂材料需要从打印头挤出，而后材料再一层层地层叠起来，因此对于那些在打印过程中某一部位不在上一打印层截面内的新层来说，提供必要的支撑是必须的。而支撑部件撤去时很容易对打印层产生不良影响，包括打印层的变形甚至断裂。现行的大部分3D打印技术都采用支撑料支持。支撑料的只要作用是：1、固定预打印的模型主体；2、预打印的模型主体中悬空部分打印时，支撑料可以在下部起到支撑作用。但目前支撑料存在四大问题：1、支撑料从模型主体上去除的工序较为困难，需特殊溶剂、高频震荡或其他一些技术手段；2、支撑料去除效率低，耗费时间长；3、支撑料去除后，仍有部分残留在模型主体上且无法避免。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种支撑料容易去除的3D打印机和 一种3D打印方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明实施方式提供如下技术方案：
一方面，提供一种3D打印机，包括打印室，所述打印室内部设置有打印组件和承载平台，所述打印组件设置在所述承载平台的上方，所述打印组件包括打印支架和连接在所述打印支架上的打印头组件和固化灯组件，所述打印支架沿打印方向移动，在所述打印方向上，所述打印头组件位于所述固化灯组件的前方，所述打印头组件包括打印模型主体的主打印头和打印支撑料的副打印头，所述模型主体材料为光敏树脂，所述打印室内部的打印温度低于所述支撑料的凝固温度，所述支撑料在所述打印温度中凝固。
其中，所述支撑料为水，所述打印温度低于0℃。
其中，所述打印组件还包括连接在所述打印支架上的压平组件，所述压平组件置于所述打印头组件和所述固化灯组件之间。
其中，所述压平组件包括压平滚轮和连接所述压平滚轮与所述打印支架的支撑架。
其中，所述压平滚轮的内部与所述支撑架的内部均为中空结构且相互连通，所述压平滚轮的内部和所述支撑架的内部充注有低于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度的冷却介质。
其中，所述副打印头设置有温控装置，控制所述副打印头中的所述支撑料保持液态。
其中，在所述打印方向上，所述主打印头位于所述副打印头的前方。
其中，所述打印组件还包括一转换头，所述转换头连接所述主打印头和所述副打印头至所述打印支架，且所述头转换所述主打印头和所述副打印头的位置。
其中，所述承载平台设置有低温组件，所述低温组件控制所述承载平台之承载平面的温度低于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度。
另一方面，还提供一种3D打印方法，所述3D打印方法采用一种3D打印机进行打印，所述3D打印机包括打印室，所述打印室内部设置有打印组件和承载平台，所述打印组件设置在所述承载平台的上方，所述打印组件包括打印支架和连接在所述打印支架上的打印头组件和固化灯组件，所述打印支架沿 打印方向移动，在所述打印方向上，所述打印头组件位于所述固化灯组件的前方，所述打印头组件包括打印模型主体的主打印头和打印支撑料的副打印头，所述模型主体材料为光敏树脂，所述打印室内部的打印温度低于所述支撑料的凝固温度，所述支撑料在所述打印温度中凝固，
所述3D打印方法的具体打印步骤如下：
在所述打印室内打印所述光敏树脂和所述支撑料形成模型，所述光敏树脂在所述固化灯组件的照射下形成所述模型主体，所述支撑料在低于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度的所述打印温度中凝固且支撑所述模型主体；
取出所述模型，在高于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度的环境中去除所述支撑料。
其中，所述支撑料为水，所述打印温度低于0℃。
其中，所述打印组件还包括连接在所述打印支架上的压平组件，所述压平组件置于所述打印头组件和所述固化灯组件之间。
其中，所述压平组件包括压平滚轮和连接所述压平滚轮与所述打印支架的支撑架。
其中，所述压平滚轮的内部与所述支撑架的内部均为中空结构且相互连通，所述压平滚轮的内部和所述支撑架的内部充注有低于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度的冷却介质。
其中，所述副打印头设置有温控装置，控制所述副打印头中的所述支撑料保持液态。
其中，在所述打印方向上，所述主打印头位于所述副打印头的前方。
其中，所述打印组件还包括一转换头，所述转换头连接所述主打印头和所述副打印头至所述打印支架，且所述头转换所述主打印头和所述副打印头的位置。
其中，所述承载平台设置有低温组件，所述低温组件控制所述承载平台之承载平面的温度低于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度。
相较于现有技术，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明所述3D打印机和3D打印方法，通过控制所述打印室内的所述打印温度即可使所述支撑料在被打印出来后凝固，从而实现对所述模型主体的固 定和支撑，整个过程简单、高效，有利于提高3D打印机的打印效率。
同时，只需将所述模型自所述3D打印机中取出，放置于一个温度高于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度的环境中，所述支撑料自会融化，所述支撑料的去除过程快速、简单，而且不会造成对所述模型主体的破坏，保证了所述模型主体的打印质量。
进一步的，设置所述支撑料为水，相比较现有支撑料，采用水作为支撑料成本极低，环保，且可以回收利用。此时，设置打印室内打印温度低于0℃。当然，也只需将本实施例所述3D打印机中打印完成的模型取出放置于一个高于0℃的环境中，采用水材料的支撑料自会融化，所述支撑料的去除过程快速、简单，而且不会造成对所述模型主体的破坏，保证了所述模型主体的打印质量。
再者，本发明所述3D打印机还设置有压平组件，且所述压平组件之压平面处于低于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度的低温状态，所述压平滚轮在压过支撑料时能够促进支撑料的凝固，进一步保障了支撑料的支撑强度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，下面将对实施方式中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以如这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明提供的一种3D打印机的结构示意图。
图2是本发明提供的一种3D打印机上的压平组件的结构示意图。
图3是本发明提供的另一种3D打印机的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施方式中的附图，对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
请参阅图1，图1为本发明提供的一种3D打印机的结构示意图。本发明实施例所述3D打印机，包括打印室1，打印室1内部设置有打印组件2和承载平台3，打印组件2设置在承载平台3的上方，打印组件2包括打印支架21 和连接在打印支架21上的打印头组件22和固化灯组件24。为方便后文说明，定义本实施例所述3D打印机的打印方向为图1中所示的X方向，换言之，打印组件2沿X方向进行打印动作。具体而言，打印组件2的打印支架21沿X方向移动，在X方向上，打印头组件22位于固化灯组件24的前方。打印头组件22包括打印模型主体4的主打印头221和打印支撑料5的副打印头222，模型主体4材料为光敏树脂，打印室1内部的打印温度低于支撑料5的凝固温度，支撑料5在打印温度中凝固。
本发明实施例所述3D打印机，通过主打印头221打印模型主体4，模型主体4的材料为光敏树脂，模型主体4在固化灯组件24的照射下固化；通过副打印头222打印支撑料5，支撑料5被打印在模型主体4相邻处或悬空处，且在低于支撑料5的凝固温度的打印温度中凝固，用于支撑、固定模型主体4。
本实施中所述3D打印机，通过控制打印室1内的打印温度即可使支撑料5在被打印出来后凝固，从而实现对模型主体4的固定和支撑，整个过程简单、高效，有利于提高3D打印机的打印效率。
同时，只需将所述模型自所述3D打印机中取出，放置于一个温度高于支撑料5的凝固温度的环境中，支撑料5自会融化，支撑料5的去除过程快速、简单，而且不会造成对模型主体4的破坏，保证了模型主体4的打印质量。
进一步的，采用水作为支撑料，相比较于现有支撑料成本大概为700～100RMB/kg，本实施例采用水作为支撑料的成本极低，环保，且可以回收利用。此时，设置打印室1内打印温度低于0℃。当然，也只需将本实施例所述3D打印机中打印完成的模型取出放置于一个高于0℃的环境中，采用水材料的支撑料自会融化，支撑料的去除过程快速、简单，而且不会造成对所述模型主体的破坏，保证了所述模型主体的打印质量。
可以理解的，打印室1内的打印温度可以通过风力循环系统维持，所述风力循环系统的冷量来源可以是外部制冷系统也可以是所述3D打印机所配套系统。
进一步的，如图1所示，所述3D打印机的打印组件2还包括连接在打印支架21上的压平组件23，压平组件23置于打印头组件22和固化灯组件24之间。在打印过程中，首先由打印组件2打印出光敏树脂和支撑料，再由压平 组件23将光敏树脂和支撑料压至设定厚度，最后经固化灯组件24固化光敏树脂完成一次打印。
请参阅图2，作为本发明的一种优选实施例，所述压平组件23包括压平滚轮231和连接压平滚轮231与打印支架21的支撑架232。压平滚轮231通过滚动压平光敏树脂4和水5，动作平缓，前进阻力小。进一步的，压平滚轮231的内部与支撑架232的内部均为中空结构且相互连通，所述压平滚轮231的内部和所述支撑架232的内部充注有低于支撑料的凝固温度的冷却介质。举例而言，所述冷却介质也可以在所述压平滚轮231的内部和所述支撑架232的内部流动，流动方向如图2中箭头所示方向。
由于压平滚轮231之压平面处于低于支撑料的凝固温度的低温状态，因此在压平滚轮231压过支撑料时能够促进支撑料的凝固，进一步保障了支撑料的支撑强度。此处所述压平面为压平滚轮23的外表面，也即压平滚轮23与光敏树脂和支撑料的接触面。
可以理解的，当所述支撑料采用水作为材料时，所述冷却介质可以为-3℃至-7℃的气体或液体，优选-5℃。由于压平滚轮231之压平面处于0℃以下的低温状态，因此在压平滚轮231压过水时能够进一步将水固化成冰，进一步保障了本实施例中采用水材料的支撑料的支撑强度。
进一步的，本发明实施例所述的3D打印机之副打印头222上设置有温控装置，控制副打印头222中的支撑料保持液态，防止支撑料凝固在副打印头222的出口，形成副打印头222输出障碍。可以理解的，当所述支撑料采用水作为材料时，温控装置用于控制副打印头222中水的温度不低于0℃，防止水凝固在副打印头222的出口，形成副打印头222输出障碍。
如图1所示，在打印方向上，打印组件2之主打印头221位于副打印头222的前方。进一步的，打印组件2设置有打印控制系统，在打印组件2移动打印的过程中，所述打印控制系统能够检测主打印头221和副打印头222的位置，并独立控制主打印头221和副打印头222的输出动作和停止输出动作。
请参阅图3，作为本发明的另一种优选实施例，3D打印机之打印组件2还包括一转换头223，转换头223连接主打印头221和副打印头222至打印支架21，且转换主打印头221和副打印头222的位置。进一步的，本实施例中 打印组件2还设置有打印控制系统，在打印组件2移动打印的过程中，所述打印控制系统能够检测打印组件2的位置，并控制转换头223转换主打印头221和副打印头222的位置(也即根据打印组件2所处打印位置判断是需要光敏树脂4还是水5，而后转动主打印头221或副打印头222至打印位置，另一打印头移出打印位置)，同时能够独立控制主打印头221和副打印头222的输出动作和停止输出动作。
进一步的，本发明实施例所述的3D打印机之固化灯组件24包括LED紫外光源。所述LED紫外光源产热小、使用寿命长且体积小，在所述3D打印机中安装位置可灵活调节且对所述打印室1内的打印温度的影响小。同时，可以在所述LED紫外光源上加装聚光装置，由此可以更加准确地控制光线地照射位置，以便实现3D打印过程中的边打印边固化的效果。
进一步的，本发明实施例所述的3D打印机之承载平台3设置有低温组件，所述低温组件控制所述承载平台3之承载平面的温度低于支撑料的凝固温度。保证接触所述承载平面的采用水材料的支撑料不融化。此处所述承载平面为承载平台3与光敏树脂和支撑料的接触面。可以理解的，当所述支撑料采用水作为材料时，所述承载平面的温度低于0℃。
本发明实施例还提供一种3D打印方法，采用如前文实施例所描述的3D打印机进行打印，打印步骤如下：
在所述打印室内打印光敏树脂和支撑料形成模型，所述光敏树脂在所述固化灯组件的照射下形成所述模型主体，所述支撑料在低于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度的所述打印温度中凝固且支撑所述模型主体；
取出所述模型，在高于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度的环境中去除所述支撑料。
本实施中所述3D打印方法，通过控制所述打印室内的所述打印温度即可使所述支撑料在被打印出来后凝固，从而实现对所述模型主体的固定和支撑，整个过程简单、高效，有利于提高打印效率。
同时，只需将所述模型自所述3D打印机中取出，放置于一个温度高于所述支撑料的凝固温度的环境中，所述支撑料自会融化，所述支撑料的去除过程快速、简单，而且不会造成对所述模型主体的破坏，保证了所述模型主体的打 印质量。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种3D打印机，其中，包括打印室，所述打印室内部设置有打印组件和承载平台，所述打印组件设置在所述承载平台的上方，所述打印组件包括打印支架和连接在所述打印支架上的打印头组件和固化灯组件，所述打印支架沿打印方向移动，在所述打印方向上，所述打印头组件位于所述固化灯组件的前方，所述打印头组件包括打印模型主体的主打印头和打印支撑料的副打印头，所述模型主体材料为光敏树脂，所述打印室内部的打印温度低于所述支撑料的凝固温度，所述支撑料在所述打印温度中凝固。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的3D打印机，其中，所述支撑料为水，所述打印温度低于0℃。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的3D打印机，其中，所述打印组件还包括连接在所述打印支架上的压平组件，所述压平组件置于所述打印头组件和所述固化灯组件之间。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的3D打印机，其中，所述压平组件包括压平滚轮和连接所述压平滚轮与所述打印支架的支撑架。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的3D打印机，其中，所述压平滚轮的内部与所述支撑架的内部均为中空结构且相互连通，所述压平滚轮的内部和所述支撑架的内部充注有低于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度的冷却介质。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的3D打印机，其中，所述副打印头设置有温控装置，控制所述副打印头中的所述支撑料保持液态。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的3D打印机，其中，在所述打印方向上，所述主打印头位于所述副打印头的前方。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的3D打印机，其中，所述打印组件还包括一转换头，所述转换头连接所述主打印头和所述副打印头至所述打印支架，且所述头转换所述主打印头和所述副打印头的位置。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的3D打印机，其中，所述承载平台设置有低温组件，所述低温组件控制所述承载平台之承载平面的温度低于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度。
  10. 一种3D打印方法，其中，所述3D打印方法采用一种3D打印机进 行打印，所述3D打印机包括打印室，所述打印室内部设置有打印组件和承载平台，所述打印组件设置在所述承载平台的上方，所述打印组件包括打印支架和连接在所述打印支架上的打印头组件和固化灯组件，所述打印支架沿打印方向移动，在所述打印方向上，所述打印头组件位于所述固化灯组件的前方，所述打印头组件包括打印模型主体的主打印头和打印支撑料的副打印头，所述模型主体材料为光敏树脂，所述打印室内部的打印温度低于所述支撑料的凝固温度，所述支撑料在所述打印温度中凝固，
    所述3D打印方法的具体打印步骤如下：
    在所述打印室内打印所述光敏树脂和所述支撑料形成模型，所述光敏树脂在所述固化灯组件的照射下形成所述模型主体，所述支撑料在低于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度的所述打印温度中凝固且支撑所述模型主体；
    取出所述模型，在高于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度的环境中去除所述支撑料。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的3D打印方法，其中，所述支撑料为水，所述打印温度低于0℃。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的3D打印方法，其中，所述打印组件还包括连接在所述打印支架上的压平组件，所述压平组件置于所述打印头组件和所述固化灯组件之间。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的3D打印方法，其中，所述压平组件包括压平滚轮和连接所述压平滚轮与所述打印支架的支撑架。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的3D打印方法，其中，所述压平滚轮的内部与所述支撑架的内部均为中空结构且相互连通，所述压平滚轮的内部和所述支撑架的内部充注有低于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度的冷却介质。
  15. 如权利要求10所述的3D打印方法，其中，所述副打印头设置有温控装置，控制所述副打印头中的所述支撑料保持液态。
  16. 如权利要求10所述的3D打印方法，其中，在所述打印方向上，所述主打印头位于所述副打印头的前方。
  17. 如权利要求10所述的3D打印方法，其中，所述打印组件还包括一转换头，所述转换头连接所述主打印头和所述副打印头至所述打印支架，且所 述头转换所述主打印头和所述副打印头的位置。
  18. 如权利要求10所述的3D打印方法，其中，所述承载平台设置有低温组件，所述低温组件控制所述承载平台之承载平面的温度低于所述支撑料的所述凝固温度。
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