WO2017041705A1 - 单向层合物及其制备方法和系统、无纬布及防护制品 - Google Patents

单向层合物及其制备方法和系统、无纬布及防护制品 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017041705A1
WO2017041705A1 PCT/CN2016/098257 CN2016098257W WO2017041705A1 WO 2017041705 A1 WO2017041705 A1 WO 2017041705A1 CN 2016098257 W CN2016098257 W CN 2016098257W WO 2017041705 A1 WO2017041705 A1 WO 2017041705A1
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Prior art keywords
molecular weight
adjacent
weight polyethylene
single layer
unidirectional laminate
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PCT/CN2016/098257
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姬长干
张玉保
满长阵
曹东风
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郑州中远防务材料有限公司
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Publication of WO2017041705A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017041705A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/14—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a face layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/16—Drying; Softening; Cleaning
    • B32B38/164—Drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2571/00—Protective equipment

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of polymer material application technology, and in particular to a unidirectional laminate, a preparation method and system thereof, a weft-free cloth and a protective article.
  • Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE) is a linear structural thermoplastic engineering plastic with excellent comprehensive properties. It is one of the most important uses of high strength fiber based on this material. .
  • Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) fiber is a kind of synthetic fiber with a high molecular parallel structure and orientation. This molecular structure determines the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber with extremely high strength. And modulus, and has good chemical stability, corrosion resistance and so on.
  • the above characteristics of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) fiber have surpassed the aramid fiber plain weave, which is widely used in the field of military and police bulletproof protection, and has become the mainstream material in the field to replace the traditional steel structure bulletproof material. .
  • a laminate using ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers as a strip can generally be prepared by the following process; a plurality of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers are uniformly, parallelized, straightened, etc., arranged in one direction, and tied with a ligature. As a single layer formed by tying the warp or weft, the melting temperature T1 of the tying wire is lower than the melting point T2 of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber, and then the single layer is heat-cured by a temperature T3 between T1 and T2. A plurality of single layers are prepared in the same manner, and a plurality of single layers are provided to obtain a desired laminate. The above technology is complicated, cumbersome and inefficient in processing the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a unidirectional laminate, a preparation method and system thereof, a non-woven fabric and a protective article.
  • a unidirectional laminate preparation system the unidirectional layer
  • the preparation system of the compound includes:
  • the preparation control subsystem is used for preparing a plurality of single layers, wherein any single layer is prepared by sequentially spreading a plurality of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips in succession, and each of the two sheets is continuously spread by the ultrahigh molecular weight poly
  • the adjacent portion of the vinyl film or strip is a neighboring region;
  • a gumming control subsystem for applying a glue to at least one side of at least one of the single layers
  • the adhesion control subsystem is configured to use at least one surface coated with the adhesive as an adjacent surface, and each adjacent area of one single layer and each adjacent area of the adjacent another single layer are offset from each other, and the plurality of single layers are respectively The plurality of monolayers are bonded into a unidirectional laminate in a state of being parallel and any two adjacent monolayers are at least partially overlapped.
  • any single layer is prepared by sequentially spreading a plurality of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips in succession, and each of the two sheets is continuously spread of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip Adjacent to a neighboring area;
  • the at least one surface coated with the adhesive is adjacent, the adjacent regions of one single layer and the adjacent regions of the adjacent other single layer are offset from each other, and the plurality of single layers are respectively parallel and any two adjacent
  • the plurality of monolayers are bonded to a unidirectional laminate in a state in which the monolayers are at least partially overlapped.
  • a unidirectional laminate which can be prepared based on the above-described unidirectional laminate preparation system according to the first aspect of the present invention, or can be based on the above The preparation method of the unidirectional laminate according to the second aspect of the invention is prepared.
  • a unidirectional laminate comprises a plurality of single layers which are respectively parallel and bonded, wherein the plurality of single layers Any two adjacent single layers are adjacent to each other with at least one surface coated with a binder, and each adjacent region of one single layer and each adjacent region of another adjacent single layer are offset from each other.
  • any single layer is obtained by sequentially spreading a plurality of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips in succession, and the adjacent portions of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip which are continuously spread every two sheets are as described above.
  • the adjacent region, and at least one side of at least one of the single layers is coated with a binder.
  • a weft-free cloth characterized in that the weft-free cloth is superposed by at least two unidirectional laminates at a certain intersection angle, the unidirectional laminate
  • the unidirectional laminate as described above according to the third or fourth aspect of the invention may be used.
  • the preparation method of the unidirectional laminate provided by the embodiment of the present application has the advantages of simple and easy process, high production efficiency, low requirement on equipment precision, and favorable reduction of equipment purchase cost.
  • Preparation of the unidirectional laminate In the preparation process, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip can be used as a whole process, and a plurality of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene films or strips are sequentially and sequentially spread in parallel in a certain direction, so that the plurality of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films are sequentially coated.
  • the prepared single layer is soft and has a high tensile strength; after each of the individual layers is prepared, at least one surface coated with the adhesive is Adjacent faces, in a state in which each adjacent zone of a single layer and each adjacent zone of another adjacent single layer are staggered from each other, a plurality of single layers are respectively parallel, and any two adjacent single layers are at least partially overlapped,
  • the plurality of single layer bonds are a unidirectional laminate, and the unidirectional laminate thus obtained can compensate for the defects prepared separately for each single layer to a certain extent, so that the obtained unidirectional laminate has good integrity.
  • the rigidity is increased, which is beneficial to the subsequent application processing.
  • the non-woven fabric made by using the unidirectional laminate provided by the embodiments of the present application is light in weight, has good bulletproof and puncture resistance, and can be widely applied to, for example, bulletproof inserts, bulletproof helmets, and armored backs.
  • Protective products such as linings, helicopter seats, hatches or other types of protective articles.
  • the protective article provided by the embodiment of the present application has the advantages of light weight, good impact resistance and good anti-elasticity, and is widely used.
  • 1a is a schematic structural view of a preparation system of a unidirectional laminate according to an embodiment of the present application
  • 1b is a schematic structural view of another unidirectional laminate preparation system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 2a is a structural example of a single layer formed by parallel spreading of a plurality of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • 2b is another structural example of a single layer formed by parallel spreading of a plurality of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a unidirectional laminate according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of still another unidirectional laminate preparation system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a unidirectional laminate according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a structural example of a non-woven fabric provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a preparation system for a unidirectional laminate, the preparation system of the unidirectional laminate comprising: a preparation control subsystem sequentially set according to a preparation process of the unidirectional laminate 1.
  • the preparation control subsystem 1 is used for preparing a plurality of single layers, wherein any single layer is prepared by sequentially spreading a plurality of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene films or strips in succession, and each two sheets of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene continuously spread.
  • the adjacent portion of the film or strip is a neighboring region.
  • the gumming control subsystem 2 is for applying a glue to at least one side of at least one of the individual layers.
  • the adhesion control subsystem 3 is configured to use at least one surface coated with a binder as an adjacent surface, and each adjacent region of one single layer and each adjacent region of another adjacent single layer are offset from each other by a plurality of single layers.
  • the plurality of monolayers are bonded into a unidirectional laminate in a state in which they are respectively parallel and at least partially adjacent to each other.
  • the number of single layers required to prepare the unidirectional laminate can be determined according to actual needs. It may be exemplified by two single-layer preparation unidirectional laminates, and the preparation control subsystem 1 prepares two single layers and transmits them to the glue control subsystem 2, respectively, through the glue control subsystem 2 at least At least one side of a single layer is coated with a glue, and then at least one surface coated with the glue is adjacent, and each adjacent zone of one single layer and each adjacent zone of another single layer are staggered from each other, two single In a state where the layers are parallel and at least partially overlap, the two monolayers are transferred to an adhesion control subsystem for bonding to obtain a unidirectional laminate.
  • three or more single layers, three adjacent layers, and adjacent sub-areas of another single layer are mutually offset, and each single layer is also used.
  • the individual layers are bonded as a unidirectional laminate in a state in which they are respectively parallel and at least partially adjacent to each other.
  • the preparation of the unidirectional laminate is carried out continuously through the technical scheme provided in the examples of the present application, and the entire preparation process of the unidirectional laminate such as the preparation of the single layer, the coating of the glue, and the bonding of the plurality of single layers is continuously performed.
  • the process does not need to be paused or transitioned, the scheme is simple and easy to operate, and the operation is convenient, and the preparation efficiency of the unidirectional laminate is greatly improved; in addition, the prepared single layer is soft and has high tensile strength, and is coated with at least one glue.
  • the faces of the mixture are adjacent faces, the adjacent regions of one single layer and the adjacent regions of the adjacent another single layer are offset from each other, the plurality of single layers are respectively parallel, and any two adjacent single layers are at least partially overlapped.
  • the unidirectional laminate obtained by bonding a plurality of single layers can compensate for the defects prepared separately for each single layer, so that the obtained unidirectional laminate has good integrity and is favorable for the latter.
  • Application processing, unidirectional laminate preparation process is simple and easy, equipment accuracy requirements are lower, which in turn helps to reduce equipment purchase costs.
  • the preparation material of the single layer is an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film is a sheet made of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene having a certain width and thickness and having a width much larger than the thickness.
  • Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene strip The strip-shaped sheet which can be independently prepared or formed by a slitting process before and after stretching of the film, the width of the strip is smaller than the width of the film, and the thickness is equal to or larger than the thickness of the film.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip provided by the present application is different from the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber, and is different from the plane formed by the bonding of a plurality of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, and the significant difference is that the present application provides
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip itself has a certain width and thickness and is a unitary structure without joint points or cutting lines.
  • the plurality of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips may be sequentially and continuously spread in parallel in a certain direction such that the plurality of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips are in a straight state in the same direction to form a single layer.
  • any single layer at least two adjacent ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips at least partially overlap, or abut, or the gap between the two is less than a set threshold, that is, at least one of the single layers, at least A neighboring region is a partial overlap region of two adjacent ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips, a contiguous region or a gap smaller than a set threshold, as shown in FIG. 2a-2b, which may be determined according to actual needs.
  • the implementation is very flexible.
  • At least two of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips have the same or different widths, and the implementation is very flexible.
  • the width of each of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips included in any single layer is the same.
  • the single layers are prepared in the same direction for easy control and material selection.
  • two monolayers can be separately prepared by the same method, and the two monolayers are vertically parallel and the adjacent regions are staggered from each other and partially overlapped to form a unidirectional laminate.
  • the narrow ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip is located on the inner side, while the narrow ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip in the lower single layer is located on the outer side, so that the two single layers thus obtained can be parallel to each other and completely overlapped.
  • the combination is a unidirectional laminate, and the adjacent regions of the two single layers are staggered from each other without gaps.
  • the adhesion control subsystem is adjacent to each other with at least one coated surface, and each adjacent region of one single layer and each adjacent one of the adjacent single layers are staggered from each other.
  • the individual layers are bonded into a unidirectional laminate, and the benefits of such treatment include at least two phases in a single layer.
  • the gap between the adjacent ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip can be compensated by another adjacent single layer, thereby forming a unidirectional laminate which is seamless throughout, and an alternative application example is shown in FIG.
  • each of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips in each single layer is in a straight state in the same arrangement direction, and there is no interlacing between the layers.
  • the entire preparation process does not need to be separately subjected to hot pressing treatment for each single layer, thereby reducing the damage probability of the performance of each single layer of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip during the preparation of the unidirectional laminate. It is beneficial to make full use of the properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip and improve the mechanical properties of tensile, tensile and impact resistance of unidirectional laminate.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or the strip is treated as a whole, the structure is good, the preparation process is simple, and the process is omitted.
  • the complicated process of separately arranging a plurality of filaments significantly reduces the probability of burrs on the surface of the film or strip, and also significantly reduces the probability of occurrence of filament breakage, twisting, entanglement, etc. within the film or strip, thereby facilitating It is ensured that the prepared unidirectional laminate obtains high performance in terms of strength, bullet resistance and the like.
  • the preparation control subsystem 1 can prepare a plurality of single layers simultaneously or in a time-sharing manner, and the implementation is very flexible.
  • the preparation control subsystem 1 comprises a plurality of sets of unwinding devices 11 for separately preparing a plurality of single layers.
  • the unwinding directions of the plurality of unwinding devices 11 are parallel, and are unwinding through two sets.
  • the projections of the two single layers of the device unwinding at least partially overlap.
  • the solution can simultaneously prepare a plurality of single layers through a plurality of unwinding devices, and facilitate subsequent process control such as staggering and bonding of adjacent regions, thereby facilitating automatic continuous preparation of the unidirectional laminate.
  • any unwinding device 11 includes at least one unwinding reel 111, and each of the unwinding reels 111 is sequentially provided with a plurality of bobbins.
  • Each bobbin can be wound with an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip, and the plurality of bobbins on the reel 111 can be unwinded separately, which is equivalent to continuously spreading the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip of each bobbin in turn, thereby improving Unwinding efficiency.
  • the unwinding device may include two discharge reels 11 arranged in parallel, for example, two discharge reels 11 may be disposed in parallel up and down.
  • one of the reels 11 can be used as a working reel, and the other reel 11 can be used as a spare reel, which is compact and minimizes the interruption time or probability of failure caused by reel replacement.
  • the two reels 11 can be matched with each other, for example, each bobbin is sequentially provided with a plurality of bobbins, and the width of the bobbin is greater than or equal to the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip.
  • Width which can unwind the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip wound on the two tubes of the staggered position of the reel, such as a bobbin with an odd number of reels and another tube with an even number of reels
  • the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip wound on the tube is simultaneously unwound to continuously spread a plurality of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene films or strips in succession, thereby realizing two adjacent ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes in the single layer.
  • Thin film or strip as small as possible or Overlap laying, so that any two adjacent ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips at least partially overlap, or adjacent, or both gaps are less than a set threshold, that is, two pieces of super high
  • the molecular weight polyethylene film or strip is laid as small as possible or partially overlapping to improve the integrity of the prepared single layer.
  • the surface modification treatment can effectively reduce the surface inertness of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip, and improve the adhesion between the adhesive and the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip.
  • the manner of surface modification treatment of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip can be determined according to actual needs, for example, but not limited to plasma treatment, irradiation surface grafting, corona discharge treatment, chemical crosslinking Processing methods, etc., the implementation is very flexible.
  • the preparation system of the unidirectional laminate may further include a surface modification processing subsystem 4.
  • the surface modification processing subsystem 4 is disposed between the preparation control subsystem 1 and the glue application control subsystem 2 for surface modification treatment of at least one side of at least one single layer.
  • Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip is surface-modified by corona discharge treatment, such as corona treatment of the upper surface and/or lower surface of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip to be coated with the adhesive.
  • the surface is simple in processing, easy to control, and has a good surface modification effect.
  • the surface modification processing subsystem 4 can include at least one set of surface modification processing equipment.
  • the number of surface modification treatment devices is the same as the number of unwinding devices and correspondingly disposed to perform surface modification treatment on at least one side of the single layer discharged from the corresponding unwinding device.
  • the number of surface modification treatment equipment may be less than the number of unwinding devices to realize that a plurality of sets of unwinding devices share a surface modification treatment device.
  • the surface modification can be achieved by a corona method, and the corona power is 0.1 Kw to 3 Kw.
  • the surface range of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip is modified by the power range, and the surface can be effectively damaged without damage.
  • the surface inertness of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip is lowered, and the adhesion to the adhesive is improved.
  • the power of the corona treatment is 0.3 Kw to 2 Kw, and preferably, the power of the corona treatment is 0.5 Kw to 1 Kw, and the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film can be further improved by continuously optimizing the power control parameters of the corona treatment. Or the efficiency and effect of the strip surface treatment, thereby further improving the adhesion of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip to the surface-coated adhesive, and also improving the adhesion between the single layers of the unidirectional laminate. Strength.
  • the gumming control subsystem 2 can include a plurality of sets of gumming equipment 20, which can be controlled by, but not limited to, doctoring, spraying, dipping, hot melt transfer, or micro gravure.
  • the implementation is very flexible.
  • the number of the gluing devices 20 is the same as the number of unwinding devices 11 and correspondingly disposed to apply a glue treatment to at least one side of the single layer discharged from the corresponding unwinding device.
  • the number of the gluing devices may be less than the number of unwinding devices, so that the plurality of unwinding devices share a gluing device.
  • the gumming device 20 can be, but is not limited to, a dimple coating control device 21, that is, the gumming control subsystem 2 includes at least one dimple coating control device 21 for use with dimple coating.
  • the method applies a glue to at least one side of at least one of the single layers.
  • the dimple coating control device 21 can use a reticulated coating roller having a diameter generally between ⁇ 20 mm and ⁇ 50 mm for reverse-phase, contact coating of the coating, that is, the direction of rotation of the coating roller and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or The strips are oriented in the opposite direction.
  • the micro-concave coating method does not require a back pressure roller, so that defects such as offset printing and wrinkles are not formed on the coated surface, and the coating film can also be coated.
  • Edge sizing especially for the single layer structure provided by the embodiments of the present application, can accurately, effectively and conveniently control the content of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip surface adhesive, and avoid coating due to glue as much as possible. Improper damage to the adhesive roller, winding roller, broken wire, etc.
  • the binder may include, but is not limited to, a mixture of one or more of the following: a polystyrene isoprene copolymer, a polystyrene triblock interpolymer, a hydrogenated polystyrene triblock interpolymer, ethylene vinyl acetate Copolymer, ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, polyurethane emulsion.
  • a polystyrene isoprene copolymer a polystyrene triblock interpolymer
  • a hydrogenated polystyrene triblock interpolymer ethylene vinyl acetate Copolymer
  • ethylene acrylic acid copolymer polyurethane emulsion
  • the binder comprises one or a mixture of one of the following: Kraton D1161, G1650, Estane 5703 and a polyurethane emulsion, which are convenient to take and do not damage the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip during the coating process. performance.
  • the content of the binder refers to the weight ratio of the coated adhesive to the monolithic ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip coated with the adhesive.
  • the content of the binder is 0.3% to 20%, preferably.
  • the content of the binder is 1% to 15%, and more preferably, the content of the binder is 3% to 12%, and the content of the binder coated on the surface of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip is controlled. In the above-prepared range as possible, it is advantageous to increase the adhesion between different single layers of the unidirectional laminate with as little binder as possible.
  • the preparation system of the unidirectional laminate may further include an oven 5.
  • An oven 5 is provided between the gumming control subsystem 2 and the adhesion control subsystem 3 for drying the single layer coated with the glue.
  • the solution can share a set of ovens to simplify system structure, reduce costs and increase equipment utilization.
  • the oven 5 is used for drying a single layer in a state in which the side coated with the adhesive is facing upward, that is, the side coated with the adhesive is facing upward. The single layer is conveyed through the oven 5 for drying.
  • the single layer coated with the glue to be dried is dried upward, which is beneficial to the evaporation of solvent or water in the glue, improves the drying efficiency, and the glue
  • the liquid does not stick to the rollers in the oven, reducing the rate of failure.
  • the temperature of the oven can be lower than the temperature of the melting point of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip to dry the binder The properties of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip are not damaged as much as possible.
  • the drying temperature of the oven is lower than 150 ° C.
  • the drying temperature of the oven is lower than 120 ° C.
  • the drying temperature of the oven is lower than 100 ° C, and the drying temperature of the oven can be set by a reasonable setting.
  • a trade-off is made between the drying efficiency of the adhesive and the protection of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip properties to achieve better product performance.
  • the plurality of single layers conveyed through the oven 5 can be bonded together by using the residual heat of the drying process or the tension of the whole machine, thereby reducing the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip as much as possible. Possible damage caused by raw materials.
  • a plurality of single layers after the completion of the gluing control may be performed under certain hot pressing conditions.
  • the adhesion control subsystem 3 comprises: a thermal pressure control device 31.
  • the hot pressing control device 31 is configured to control at least one surface coated with the adhesive agent as an adjacent surface under the control condition that the temperature is less than or equal to 150 ° C and the line pressure is less than or equal to 5 MPa, in a neighboring area of a single layer Bonding a plurality of single layers into a unidirectional laminate in a state in which adjacent regions of another adjacent single layer are staggered from each other, a plurality of single layers are respectively parallel, and any two adjacent single layers are at least partially overlapped .
  • This solution is advantageous for increasing the adhesion between the two single layers, so that the two single layers are not easily dispersed when subjected to an external force.
  • the hot press control device 31 may include a heat roller and a pressure roller, and the adjacent regions of one single layer and the adjacent regions of the adjacent another single layer may be shifted from each other, and the plurality of single layers are parallel and any two phases are
  • the adjacent single layers are at least partially overlapped, and the at least one coated surface coated with the adhesive is a plurality of single layers adjacent to each other, conveyed by a heat roller having a temperature of less than or equal to 150 ° C, and applied thereto by a pressure roller to be less than or A line pressure equal to 5 MPa.
  • the pressure roller may include, but is not limited to, a rubber roller.
  • the pressure roller can be acted upon by a power mechanism such as a cylinder, so that the pressure roller is pressed with the heat roller to apply pressure to the unidirectional laminate between the two, and the rubber roller is used as the pressure roller, which is advantageous for reducing the amount of heat transfer, and has A certain buffer to minimize damage to the surface of the unidirectional laminate during hot pressing.
  • the hot press control device 31 may include two heat rollers, which are arranged such that each adjacent region of one single layer and each adjacent region of another adjacent single layer are offset from each other, a plurality of single layers are parallel, and any two adjacent orders are a plurality of single layers of at least partially overlapping and having at least one surface coated with a binder as adjacent surfaces, conveyed by a heat roller having a temperature of less than or equal to 150 ° C, and applied thereto by another heat roller to be less than or A line pressure equal to 5 MPa to bond a plurality of monolayers into a unidirectional laminate.
  • the solution realizes the hot pressure control of the unidirectional laminate by the cooperation of two hot rollers, and the operation control is simple and convenient.
  • the heat roller may include, but is not limited to, a heated steel roll, and the heating method of the heated steel roll may include, but is not limited to, electric heating, oil heating, electromagnetic heating, etc., which are correspondingly referred to as electric heating steel rolls, oil heated steel rolls, or electric
  • the magnetic heating steel roller is simple and convenient to control by the above-mentioned heating steel roller, and has high heat transfer efficiency.
  • the surface of the heat roller may have a release layer corresponding to the surface of the heat roller, and the release layer may include, but is not limited to, a Teflon layer formed on the surface of the heat roller, or
  • the surface of the roller is wound with a release-proof material such as a release paper, and is prevented from being bonded to the surface of the heat roller due to heat softening of the adhesive during heating, thereby contributing to a reduction in failure rate, an extended maintenance cycle, and a reduction in cost.
  • the preparation system of the unidirectional laminate may further include: a cooling treatment subsystem 6 for cooling processing subsystem 6
  • the unidirectional laminate treated by the adhesion control subsystem is subjected to a cooling treatment.
  • the cooling treatment efficiency of the unidirectional laminate can be improved by the cooling treatment subsystem.
  • the cooling treatment subsystem may include at least one cooling roll 61 through which the unidirectional laminate processed by the adhesion control subsystem is conveyed to be cooled during the transfer.
  • At least one cooling roll 61 may include at least two cooling rolls arranged in sequence, and the unidirectional laminate processed by the adhesion control subsystem is sequentially conveyed through at least two cooling rolls (ie, conveyed to the subsequent process) Each time a chill roll is passed, the heat on the unidirectional laminate is partially transferred to the chill roll, and multiple cooling steps are performed by a plurality of chill rolls to ensure the cooling effect.
  • the cooling processing subsystem further includes a refrigerant circulation pipeline, wherein the refrigerant circulation pipeline is disposed on the at least one cooling roller for unidirectional lamination of the cooled roller by the refrigerant. The material is cooled.
  • the refrigerant circulation line can be used as, but not limited to, a cooling line of the cooling roll, and the heat exchange efficiency can be improved by the refrigerant circulation line, thereby ensuring the cooling effect.
  • the refrigerant can be selected according to actual needs, and correspondingly, the refrigerant circulation pipeline can also be correspondingly designed according to the performance of the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant may include, but is not limited to, cold water, and the cold water may include, but is not limited to, water that does not exceed normal temperature, such as tap water not exceeding 25 ° C.
  • the cold water flows through the cooling rolls in turn and then flows back and forth, and the cycle is repeated.
  • the cooling efficiency is effectively improved, and the solution is simple and convenient to implement, and the cooling effect is good.
  • the preparation system of the unidirectional laminate may further include: a winding device 7 for winding up the winding device 7
  • the unidirectional laminate treated by the adhesion control subsystem or the unidirectional laminate treated by the cooling treatment subsystem By the cooperation of the unwinding device and the winding device, automatic unwinding of the raw material of the preparation system (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip) and automatic winding of the unidirectional laminate can be realized, so that the unwinding and single from the raw materials can be realized.
  • the preparation process of layer preparation, gluing, bonding and unidirectional laminate winding is carried out continuously and automatically, and the intermediate process does not need to be paused or filtered.
  • the scheme is simple and easy to operate, and the preparation efficiency of the unidirectional laminate is further improved. .
  • the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or the strip, the single layer or the unidirectional laminate of the self-unwinding device to the winding device can be under a certain tension, and the benefits of such treatment In that, by performing a certain tension control on a single layer or a unidirectional laminate, the unwinding can be performed.
  • the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip is in a state in which the surface is straight and parallel, and has no wrinkles, which facilitates precise control of the glue application and also enables better bonding of the individual layers.
  • any of the unwinding devices 111 further includes at least one slip shaft and at least one set of guide rollers, the slip shafts being correspondingly disposed on the take-up reel,
  • the guide roller and the bobbin are correspondingly arranged.
  • Each set of guide rolls may include a plurality of guide rolls, each of which may include at least one set of bobbins, each set of bobbins including a plurality of bobbins, optionally, a set of guide rolls and a set of bobbins correspondingly disposed.
  • the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip is under a certain tension. That is to say, on the basis of the forward power provided by the equipment (such as the cooling control subsystem, the winding device, etc.) of the subsequent process after the unwinding, the slip axis of the unwinding device and the rotational speed of the guide roller, etc. Make adjustments to change the tension.
  • the tension is from 0.1 g/denier to 8 g/denier, and further, the tension is from 0.4 g/denier to 5 g/denier, and preferably, the tension is from 0.5 g/denier to 3 g/denier.
  • the relevant parameters of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film satisfy one or more of the following conditions: a linear density greater than or equal to 5000 denier; a width greater than or equal to 100 mm; a thickness less than or equal to 0.2 mm; and a breaking strength greater than or equal to 10 g/ Dan; tensile modulus greater than or equal to 800 g / den; elongation at break less than or equal to 6%.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film satisfies one or more of the following conditions: a thickness of 0.001-0.2 mm, a breaking strength of 10-50 g/denier, a tensile modulus of 800-2600 g/denier, and elongation at break.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film has a linear density of 5,000 to 30,000 denier, a width of 100 to 400 mm, a thickness of 0.005 to 0.15 mm, a breaking strength of 12 to 48 g/denier, and a tensile modulus of 1000. - 2500 g / denier, elongation at break is 0.8-4%.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film satisfies one or more of the following conditions: a linear density of 5500-20000 denier, a width of 105-300 mm, a thickness of 0.008-0.12 mm, and a breaking strength of 15-45 g/denier.
  • the modulus of elongation is 1200-2500 g/denier and the elongation at break is 1-3%.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film satisfies one or more of the following conditions: a linear density of 6000-12000 denier, a width of 110-220 mm, a thickness of 0.01-0.1 mm, and a breaking strength of 16-42 g/denier.
  • the tensile modulus is 1400-2400 g/denier and the elongation at break is 1.5-2.5%.
  • the relevant parameters of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene strip meet one or more of the following requirements: a linear density greater than or equal to 100 denier, less than 5000 denier; a width of 1-100 mm; a thickness less than or equal to 0.2 mm; and a breaking strength greater than Or equal to 10 g / den; tensile modulus greater than or equal to 800 g / den; elongation at break less than or equal to 6%.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene strip satisfies one or more of the following requirements: a thickness of 0.001-0.2 mm, a breaking strength of 10-50 g/denier, a tensile modulus of 800-2600 g/denier, and a fracture.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene strip satisfies one or more of the following requirements: a linear density of 150-4000 denier, a width of 2-90 mm, a thickness of 0.003-0.1 mm, and a breaking strength of 12-48 g/denier.
  • the tensile modulus is from 1000 to 2500 g/denier and the elongation at break is from 0.8 to 4%.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene strip satisfies one or more of the following requirements: a linear density of 200-3500 denier, a width of 3-80 mm, a thickness of 0.005-0.06 mm, and a breaking strength of 15-45 g/denier.
  • the tensile modulus is 1200-2400 g/denier and the elongation at break is 1-3%.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene strip satisfies one or more of the following requirements: a linear density of 300-3000 denier, a width of 5-60 mm, a thickness of 0.008-0.03 mm, and a breaking strength of 16-42 g/denier.
  • the tensile modulus is 1400-2400 g/denier and the elongation at break is 1.5-2.5%.
  • any one of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips is spread in the width direction thereof.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or the strip has a vertical ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip in the width direction.
  • the molecular chain is straight.
  • the molecular chain extension direction of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip is the longitudinal stretching direction of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, which means that the macromolecular chain of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene is longitudinally stretched, and the macromolecular chain is consciously subjected to longitudinal direction. The direction in which the force direction is aligned.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip has the highest strength along the direction in which the molecular chain is stretched, so that an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip is laid along the direction in which the molecular chain is stretched. It is beneficial to improve the strength utilization rate of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or the strip, thereby improving the strength and the like of the unidirectional laminate.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a method for preparing a unidirectional laminate, comprising:
  • S501 preparing a plurality of single layers, wherein any single layer is prepared by sequentially spreading a plurality of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene films or strips in succession, and each two sheets of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strips are continuously spread. Adjacent is a neighboring area.
  • S503 using at least one surface coated with a binder as an adjacent surface, adjacent to each adjacent region of a single layer
  • the adjacent layers of the other single layer are staggered from each other, and the plurality of single layers are respectively parallel and the two adjacent single layers are at least partially overlapped, and the plurality of single layers are bonded into one unidirectional laminate.
  • the preparation method of the unidirectional laminate provided by the embodiment of the present application has the advantages of simple and easy process, high production efficiency, low requirement on equipment precision, and favorable reduction of equipment purchase cost.
  • a plurality of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips may be sequentially and sequentially spread in parallel in a certain direction, so that the plurality of ultrahigh molecular weights
  • the polyethylene film or strip is in a straight state in the same direction to form a single layer, the prepared single layer is soft and has high tensile strength; after preparing a plurality of single layers, at least one is coated with a glue
  • the faces are adjacent faces, and the adjacent regions of one single layer and the adjacent regions of another adjacent single layer are shifted from each other, the plurality of single layers are respectively parallel, and any two adjacent single layers are at least partially overlapped.
  • a plurality of single layers are bonded into a unidirectional laminate, and the unidirectional laminate thus obtained can compensate for the defects prepared separately for each single layer (for example, after bonding, a single layer)
  • an adjacent U-high molecular weight polyethylene film or a gap between strips and the like may be compensated by another adjacent single layer, etc., so that the obtained unidirectional laminate has good integrity, which is beneficial for the latter.
  • Road application processing for example, an adjacent U-high molecular weight polyethylene film or a gap between strips and the like may be compensated by another adjacent single layer, etc.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or the strip is treated as a whole, the structure is good, the preparation process is simple, and the process is omitted.
  • the complicated process of separately arranging a plurality of filaments significantly reduces the probability of burrs on the surface of the film or strip, and also significantly reduces the probability of occurrence of filament breakage, twisting, entanglement, etc. within the film or strip, thereby facilitating It is ensured that the prepared unidirectional laminate obtains high performance in terms of strength, bullet resistance and the like.
  • the plurality of single layers can be simultaneously prepared by different unwinding devices, and at least one side of at least one single layer is prepared by gluing after preparation, and then adjacent regions of one single layer and adjacent regions of another adjacent single layer In a state in which the plurality of single layers are parallel and the two adjacent single layers are at least partially overlapped, the plurality of single layers are bonded together to obtain a unidirectional laminate, as shown in FIG.
  • the process is continuously carried out from the entire preparation process of the unidirectional laminate such as single layer preparation, gluing and multi-layer bonding, and the intermediate process does not need to be paused or transitioned, the scheme is simple and easy to operate, and the operation is greatly improved.
  • the preparation efficiency of the laminate is continuously carried out from the entire preparation process of the unidirectional laminate such as single layer preparation, gluing and multi-layer bonding, and the intermediate process does not need to be paused or transitioned, the scheme is simple and easy to operate, and the operation is greatly improved.
  • the preparation efficiency of the laminate is highly
  • At least one side of at least one of the single layers is coated with a binder, such as an upper surface or a lower surface of at least one of the two adjacent single layers coated with a binder
  • the lower surface of at least one single layer may be coated with a glue
  • the micro-concave coating method may be used for precise control of the amount of glue applied
  • the lower surface is coated with a coating device such as a micro-concave coating control device.
  • the control is the simplest and most convenient.
  • each single layer may be coated with a binder, for example, a glue may be coated on the lower surface of each of the single layers, and the lower surface of the unidirectional laminate is treated with a binder, so as to facilitate The application process of the unidirectional laminate, such as the convenience The unidirectional laminate is laminated to prepare other products and the like.
  • a binder for example, a glue may be coated on the lower surface of each of the single layers, and the lower surface of the unidirectional laminate is treated with a binder, so as to facilitate The application process of the unidirectional laminate, such as the convenience The unidirectional laminate is laminated to prepare other products and the like.
  • any single layer at least two adjacent ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips at least partially overlap, or abut, or both have a gap less than a set threshold, as shown in Figures 2a-2b. That is to say, optionally, there is no gap or a small gap between any two adjacent ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips, and the gapless comprises two adjacent ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films. Or the edges of the strips are closely adjacent or partially overlapped at the edges. Due to the deviation of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip, the so-called edges are closely adjacent without gaps, and the edges are closely adjacent without gaps within a certain tolerance.
  • the gap is less than or equal to 5 mm, preferably, the gap is less than or equal to 3 mm, and preferably, the gap is less than or equal to 2 mm, which allows parameters by the gap between any two adjacent ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips.
  • the setup provides a good balance between process accuracy and unidirectional laminate performance. Because of the deviation of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or the strip size, such as the width of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or the strip, the two embodiments of the present application are adjacent to each other in a single layer.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene has no gap or a small gap, and the width deviation is allowed to be less than 2 mm, preferably, the width is different from the tolerance range of the width deviation of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip.
  • the deviation is allowed to be less than 1 mm.
  • the width deviation is allowed to be less than 0.2 mm.
  • the overlap of any two adjacent ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene films or strips can be determined according to the width of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip, such as the overlapping portion not exceeding the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip.
  • Half of the width such as an overlap portion of less than 50 mm, preferably, the overlap portion is less than 30 mm, and more preferably, the overlap portion is less than 10 mm, and further preferably, the overlap portion is less than 5 mm.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip is in a straight and non-pleated state by a certain tension control, for example,
  • a tension of 0.1 g / denier to 8 g / denier may be applied to both ends of an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip to prevent damage to the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or strip.
  • the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip is stretched out, thereby avoiding the influence of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film or the strip being unstretched or wrinkled to affect the layers of the unidirectional laminate.
  • the tension is from 0.4 g/denier to 5 g/denier, preferably, the tension is 0.5. ⁇ / ⁇ 3 ⁇ / ⁇ , by continuously optimizing the tension control parameters, the quality of the super high molecular weight polyethylene film or the surface treatment of the strip can be further improved, thereby realizing that the individual layers of the unidirectional laminate are free from each other. The effect of slack, no slip, no wrinkle layup and adhesion improves the overall performance of the prepared unidirectional laminate.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a unidirectional laminate comprising a plurality of single layers which are respectively parallel and bonded, wherein any two of the plurality of single layers Adjacent single layers are adjacent to each other with at least one surface coated with a binder, and adjacent regions of one single layer and adjacent regions of another adjacent single layer are staggered from each other, and any single layer is sequentially continuous.
  • a method of spreading a plurality of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene films or strips, each of two consecutively spread ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips adjacent to each other is an adjacent region, and at least one side of at least one single layer is coated
  • the cloth has a glue.
  • the unidirectional laminate preparation process is simple and easy, the production efficiency is high, and the precision of the equipment is low, which is beneficial to reducing the equipment purchase cost.
  • the unidirectional laminate has a simple structure, and each single layer is formed by a plurality of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips in a straight state in the same direction, and the single layer is soft and has high tensile strength;
  • each adjacent region of one single layer and each adjacent region of another adjacent single layer are staggered from each other, and a plurality of single layers are parallel and any two adjacent a unidirectional laminate obtained by bonding a plurality of single layers at least partially overlapped (for example, after bonding, a single layer such as two adjacent ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films or strips)
  • the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene film or strip is treated as a whole, the structure is good, the preparation process is simple, and the process is omitted.
  • the complicated process of separately arranging a plurality of filaments significantly reduces the probability of burrs on the surface of the film or strip, and also significantly reduces the probability of occurrence of filament breakage, twisting, entanglement, etc. within the film or strip, thereby facilitating It is ensured that the prepared unidirectional laminate obtains high performance in terms of strength, bullet resistance and the like.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a non-woven fabric which is superposed by at least two unidirectional laminates at a certain intersection angle, and the unidirectional laminate
  • the intersection angle of any two adjacent unidirectional laminates is any angle between 0 and 180 degrees, for example, adjacent unidirectional layers.
  • the cross angle of the composition may include, but is not limited to, 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, or 90 degrees, and the like.
  • the non-woven fabric provided by the embodiment of the present invention has light weight, good bulletproof and puncture resistance, and can be widely applied to, for example, bulletproof inserts, bulletproof helmets, armored backings, helicopter seats, hatches or other types of protection. In protective products such as products.
  • the adjacent unidirectional laminate can be laminated at different angles according to the use of the non-woven fabric, and the present application implements This example is not limited, and the implementation is very flexible.
  • any two adjacent unidirectional laminates have an intersection angle of 10-120 degrees.
  • any two adjacent unidirectional laminates The angle of intersection is 30-100 degrees.
  • the intersection angle of two adjacent unidirectional laminates is 45-90 degrees.
  • the intersection angles of any two adjacent unidirectional laminates may be the same or different.
  • an optional non-woven fabric comprises N cross-laminated unidirectional laminates
  • the N-sheet unidirectional laminate may In turn, "0 degrees - 90 degrees - 0 degrees - 90 degrees " alternately, can also be sequentially "0 degrees -30 degrees -45 degrees -90 degrees " in turn, thereby increasing the resistance of the non-woven fabric , bulletproof and other properties.
  • the implementation of the lamination between the unidirectional laminates may be, but is not limited to, an overlapping arrangement and a thermocompression bonding method, the method is simple and easy, and the interlayer bonding is firm.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a protective article, which includes any one of the unidirectional laminates or any of the non-woven fabrics provided by the embodiments of the present application, and the protective articles may include but not Limited to one or more of the following: bulletproof inserts, bulletproof helmets, armored backings, helicopter seats, hatches or other types of protective articles, etc., tests have shown that the unidirectional laminate or the laid fabric is employed
  • the prepared protective article has excellent impact resistance and anti-elasticity.
  • a unidirectional laminate was prepared using an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film having a width of 120 mm, a thickness of 0.025 mm, a linear density of 19,000 D, a breaking strength of 27 g/denier, and a tensile modulus of 1600.
  • the elongation at break was 1.9%.
  • the number of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films required for a single layer can be determined according to the width of the desired single layer and the width of a single ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film, such as 32 sheets of the above ultrahigh component polyethylene film.
  • Adjacent parallel spreading to form a single layer after preparing two single layers respectively, the lower surface of each single layer is coated with a micro-concave coating method, and the glue is selected by Kraton D1161, and the amount of glue is 5.8%;
  • the two monolayers are bonded to each other as a unidirectional laminate in a state in which the adjacent regions of one single layer are offset from each other, and the two single layers are parallel and at least partially overlapped.
  • 216 pieces of the above unidirectional laminate were selected, and two adjacent unidirectional laminates were overlapped at 0°/90°, and subjected to hot pressing to form a protective sheet, thereby obtaining a protective article A.
  • the surface density of the protective article A was tested to be 6.5 Kg/m 2 .
  • the protective article A was tested by using a 7.62 mm special transmitter with a 1.1 g fragment, and the average target speed of the fragment was 715 m/s when the penetration probability was 50% (V50).
  • a protective article B 700 pieces of the above unidirectional laminate were selected, and two adjacent unidirectional laminates were overlapped at 0°/90°, and heat-pressed to form a board, thereby obtaining a protective article B.
  • the surface density of the protective article B was 21 kg/m 2 .
  • the performance test of the protective product B is carried out, and the test bullet speed is 745 m/s. After testing, it is determined that the ballistic performance of the protective product B can meet the GA141 level 5 standard.
  • the unidirectional laminate was prepared by using ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene strips, each of which has a width of 50 mm, a thickness of 0.012 mm, a linear density of 5000 D, a breaking strength of 29 g/denier, and a tensile die.
  • the amount was 1800 g/denier and the elongation at break was 1.7%.
  • the number of sheets of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene strip required for a single layer can be determined according to the width of the desired single layer and the width of a single ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene strip, such as 24 sheets of the above ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene strip.
  • the strips are sequentially spread in parallel with a small gap (less than 2 mm) to form a single layer; after preparing two single layers respectively, the lower surface of at least one single layer is coated with a micro-concave coating method, and the adhesive is selected from water-based polyurethane.
  • the emulsion has a sizing amount of 10%; the two single layers are bonded to each other in a state in which the adjacent regions of one single layer and the adjacent regions of the other single layer are shifted from each other, and the two single layers are parallel and at least partially overlapped. Unidirectional laminate.
  • 96 pieces of the above unidirectional laminate were selected, and two adjacent unidirectional laminates were overlapped at 0°/90°, and subjected to hot pressing to form a protective sheet, thereby obtaining a protective article C.
  • the surface density of the protective article C was tested to be 5.8 Kg/m 2 .
  • the 7.26mm special transmitter was used with 51 type 7.62mm increase or decrease of the drug bomb, and the product was tested. When the penetration probability was 50% (V50), the average target speed of the fragment was 660 m/s.
  • the areal density of the protective article D was 3.3 Kg/m 2 .
  • the test was carried out in accordance with Class IIIA requirements of NIJ 0101.04 at a rate of 436 m/s. After testing, it was measured that the anti-elasticity of the protective article D can meet the requirements of NIJ 0101.04 Class IIIA.
  • a unidirectional laminate was prepared using an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film having a width of 120 mm, a thickness of 0.025 mm, a linear density of 19,000 D, a breaking strength of 27 g/denier, and a tensile modulus of 1600.
  • the elongation at break was 1.9%.
  • the number of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films required for a single layer can be determined according to the width of the desired single layer and the width of a single ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film, such as five sheets of the above ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene film.
  • Adjacent parallel spreading to form a single layer after preparing two single layers respectively, the lower surface of each single layer is coated with a micro-concave coating method, and the adhesive is selected from an aqueous polyurethane emulsion, and the amount of glue is 8.5%;
  • the two monolayers are bonded as a unidirectional laminate in a state in which the adjacent regions of one single layer and the adjacent regions of the other single layer are offset from each other, and the two single layers are parallel and at least partially overlapped.
  • the surface density of the protective article E was tested to be 9 kg/m2.
  • the GA141-2010 police body armor test standard is used for the impact detection.
  • the protective product E can meet the requirements of Level 2 of GA141-2010.
  • the GA68-2008 test standard is used for puncture detection.
  • the protective product E can meet the GA68-2008. Level requirements.
  • the areal density of the protective article F was 10.5 Kg/m 2 .
  • the GA141-2010 police body armor test standard is used for the impact detection.
  • the protective product E can meet the level 3 requirements of GA141-2010, and the GA68-2008 test standard is used for the puncture test.
  • the protective product E can meet the GA68-2008 2 Level requirements.
  • the unidirectional laminate, the non-woven fabric and the protective article provided by the embodiments of the present application show an excellent bulletproof effect and can effectively resist the bullet threat.
  • the unidirectional laminate can be widely used as a bulletproof garment, a bulletproof insert, a bulletproof helmet, a bulletproof stab suit, an armored vehicle backing, a helicopter seat and the like in the advantages of light weight and good bulletproof effect.

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Abstract

一种单向层合物制备系统及制备方法、单向层合物和无纬布，其中，单向层合物制备系统包括：一制备控制子系统（1），用于制备多个单层，其中，任一单层采用依次连续铺展多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的方式制得，每二片连续铺展的所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的相邻处为一邻区；一涂胶控制子系统（2），用于在至少一单层的至少一面涂布胶合剂；一粘合控制子系统（3），用于以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面，在一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、多个单层平行且任二个相邻单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将多个单层粘合为一单向层合物。采用该制备系统的制备方法简单易行效率高，所制备的单向层合物、无纬布具有重量轻、刚性好、防护性能好等优点，应用广泛。

Description

单向层合物及其制备方法和系统、无纬布及防护制品 技术领域
本申请涉及高分子材料应用技术领域，特别是涉及一种单向层合物及其制备方法和系统、无纬布及防护制品。
背景技术
超高分子量聚乙烯(Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene，简称UHMW-PE)是一种线型结构的具有优异综合性能的热塑性工程塑料，以这种材料为基础制成高强纤维是其最重要用途之一。
超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMW-PE)纤维是一种合成纤维类，其分子结构具有很高的伸直平行度和取向度，这种分子结构决定了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维具有极高的强度和模量，并具有良好的化学稳定性、耐腐蚀性等优点。超高分子量量聚乙烯(UHMW-PE)纤维的上述特性，已超越芳纶纤维平纹层合物，广泛应用在军事、警用防弹防护领域，成为该领域替代传统钢结构防弹材料中的主流材料。
以超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为带材的层合物通常可采用如下工艺制备；将多根超高分子量聚乙烯纤维经过均匀、平行、挺直等处理使其沿一个方向排列整齐，用绑扎线作为经线或纬线绑扎形成一单层，绑扎线的熔融温度T1低于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的熔点T2，之后采用介于T1和T2之间的一温度T3热压固结该单层。采用同样的方法制备多个单层，多个单层叠设即可制得所需的层合物。上述技术对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的处理工艺复杂、繁琐、效率较低。
发明内容
在下文中给出关于本申请的简要概述，以便提供关于本申请的某些方面的基本理解。应当理解，这个概述并不是关于本申请的穷举性概述。它并不是意图确定本申请的关键或重要部分，也不是意图限定本申请的范围。其目的仅仅是以简化的形式给出某些概念，以此作为稍后论述的更详细描述的前序。
本申请实施例提供一种单向层合物及其制备方法和系统、无纬布及防护制品。
根据本发明第一方面，提供了一种单向层合物的制备系统，所述单向层 合物的制备系统包括：
按单向层合物的制备工序依次设置的制备控制子系统、涂胶控制子系统和粘合控制子系统；其中，
制备控制子系统用于制备多个单层，其中，任一单层采用依次连续铺展多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的方式制得，每两片连续铺展的所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的相邻处为一邻区；
涂胶控制子系统用于在至少一单层的至少一面涂布胶合剂；
粘合控制子系统用于以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面，在一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、多个单层分别平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将多个单层粘合为一单向层合物。
根据本发明的第二方面，还提供了一种单向层合物的制备方法，其包括：
制备多个单层，其中，任一单层采用依次连续铺展多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的方式制得，每两片连续铺展的所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的相邻处为一邻区；
在至少一单层的至少一面涂布胶合剂；
以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面，在一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、多个单层分别平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将所述多个单层粘合为一单向层合物。
根据本发明的第三方面，提供了一种单向层合物，其可以基于如上根据本发明第一方面所述的单向层合物的制备系统制备而得，或者，可以基于如上根据本发明第二方面所述的单向层合物的制备方法制备而得。
根据本发明的第四方面，提供了一种单向层合物，其特征在于，所述单向层合物包括分别平行且粘合的多个单层，其中，所述多个单层中任两个相邻的单层以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面、且一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开，
其中，任一单层采用依次连续铺展多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的方式制得，每两片连续铺展的所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的相邻处为所述邻区，且至少一单层的至少一面涂布有胶合剂。
根据本发明第五方面，提供了一种无纬布，其特征在于，所述无纬布由至少两片单向层合物以一定的交叉角度叠合为一体，所述单向层合物可以使用如上根据本发明第三方面或第四方面所述的单向层合物。
本申请实施例提供的单向层合物的制备方法，工艺简单易行，生产效率高，对设备精度要求较低，有利于降低设备购置成本。所述单向层合物的制 备过程可将超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带作为一个处理的整体，多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带按照某一方向依次连续平行铺展，使得所述多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带处于沿同一方向的伸直状态以形成一单层，制备的单层柔软，具有较高的抗拉强度；在制备好各个单层之后，以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面，在一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、多个单层分别平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将多个单层粘合为一单向层合物，如此得到的单向层合物，可对各单层单独制备的缺陷进行一定程度上的弥补，使得得到的单向层合物整体性好，刚性增加，利于后道应用加工。
另外，利用本申请实施例所提供的单向层合物所制成的无纬布重量轻，具有较好的防弹、防穿刺等性能，可广泛应用于如防弹插板、防弹头盔、装甲背衬、直升机座椅、舱门或其他类型的防护制品等防护制品中。
本申请实施例提供的防护制品具有重量轻、抗冲击性能和防弹性能好等优点，应用广泛。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1a为本申请实施例提供的一种单向层合物的制备系统的结构示意图；
图1b为本申请实施例提供的另一种单向层合物的制备系统的结构示意图；
图2a本申请实施例提供的一种基于多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带平行铺展形成的单层的结构示例；
图2b本申请实施例提供的另一种基于多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带平行铺展形成的单层的结构示例；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种单向层合物的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的又一种单向层合物的制备系统的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种单向层合物的制备方法流程图；以及
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种无纬布的结构示例。
具体实施方式
如图1a所示，本申请实施例提供了一种单向层合物的制备系统，该单向层合物的制备系统包括：按单向层合物的制备工序依次设置的制备控制子系统1、涂胶控制子系统2和粘合控制子系统3。制备控制子系统1用于制备多个单层，其中，任一单层采用依次连续铺展多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的方式制得，每二片连续铺展的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的相邻处为一邻区。涂胶控制子系统2用于在至少一单层的至少一面涂布胶合剂。粘合控制子系统3用于以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面，在一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、多个单层分别平行且任二个相邻的单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将多个单层粘合为一单向层合物。
可根据实际需要确定制备单向层合物所需的单层的个数。不妨以二个单层制备单向层合物为例进行说明，制备控制子系统1制备得到两个单层并将其分别传送到涂胶控制子系统2，经涂胶控制子系统2在至少一单层的至少一面涂布胶合剂，之后以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面，在一单层的各邻区与另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、两个单层平行且至少局部重叠的状态下，将两个单层传送到粘合控制子系统进行粘合而得一单向层合物。在实际应用过程中，还可采用上述类似的方法，将三个或三个以上单层，在一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、各单层分别平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将各单层粘合为一单向层合物。
可见，经本申请实施例提供的技术方案进行单向层合物的制备，从单层的制备、涂胶以及多个单层的粘合等单向层合物的整个制备工序连续进行，中间过程无需停顿或过渡，方案简单易行，操作方便，极大提高了单向层合物的制备效率；此外制备的单层柔软，具有较高的抗拉强度，通过以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面，在一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、多个单层分别平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将多个单层粘合而得到的单向层合物，可对各单层单独制备的缺陷进行一定程度上的弥补，使得得到的单向层合物整体性好，利于后道应用加工，单向层合物制备工艺过程简单易行，设备精度要求较低，进而利于降低设备购置成本。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案中，单层的制备材料是超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带。所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜是一种由超高分子量聚乙烯制成的、具有一定宽度和厚度的薄片，且宽度远远大于厚度。超高分子量聚乙烯条带 可独立制备或可由该薄膜拉伸前后进行分切工序形成的条状薄片，条带的宽度小于薄膜的宽度，厚度与薄膜相当或大于薄膜的厚度。本申请提供的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带，与超高分子量聚乙烯纤维不同，与由多根超高分子量聚乙烯纤维胶接形成的平面也不同，它们的显著区别在于：本申请提供的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带本身具有一定的宽度和厚度，是一种没有结合点或裁切线的整体结构。
可将多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带按照某一方向依次连续平行铺展，使得这多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带处于沿同一方向的伸直状态以形成一单层。
任一单层中，至少两片相邻的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带至少部分重叠、或邻接、或二者间隙小于一设定阈值等，也就是说，任一单层中，至少一邻区为二片相邻的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的部分重叠区、邻接区或小于一设定阈值的间隙，如图2a-图2b所示，具体可根据实际需要确定，实现方式非常灵活。
任一单层包括的多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带中，至少二片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的宽度相同或不同，实现方式非常灵活。
可选的，如图2a和图2b所示，任一单层包括的各片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的宽度相同，该方案中各单层的制备方向相同，便于控制和选材。例如，可采用相同方法分别制备二个单层，将二个单层上下平行、各邻区彼此错开而部分重叠粘合为一单向层合物。
或者，可选的，任一单层包括的各片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带中，部分超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带较宽、而部分超高分子量聚义薄膜或条带较窄，该方案中不同单层在制备过程中，较宽、较窄的超高分子量聚乙烯的排列顺序可不尽相同，材料利用率高，例如，如图3所示，上方的单层中较窄的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带位于内侧，而下方的单层中较窄的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带位于外侧，如此制得的两个单层可相互平行并完全重叠粘合为一单向层合物，且两个单层各自的邻区彼此错开，无缝隙。
在制备好各单层之后，粘合控制子系统以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面，在一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、各单层分别平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将各单层粘合为一单向层合物，如此处理的好处至少包括，一单层中两个相邻超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带之间的缝隙，可通过相邻的另一单层弥补，由此形成整体无缝隙的单向层合物，可选应用示例如图3所示。由于单层的材料(超高分子量聚乙烯 薄膜或条带)很薄，采用本申请实施例提供的技术方案可有效提高单向层合物的厚度和刚性，极大提高了单向层合物的整体外观、质量和性能。此外，采用本申请实施例提供的技术方案进行单向层合物的制备过程中，各单层中各片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带处于同一排列方向的伸直状态，层间无交织或穿插，整个制备工艺无需对各个单层分别进行热压等处理，由此在单向层合物的制备过程中减少了对各个单层的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带性能的损伤概率，有利于充分利用超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的性能，改善单向层合物拉伸、抗拉、抗冲击等力学性能。此外，本申请实施例单向层合物制备的每个单层制备过程中，是将超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带作为一个整体进行处理，结构整体性好、制备工艺简单，省去了对多根纤维丝进行分别整理的复杂工艺，明显降低了薄膜或条带的表面产生毛刺的概率，也明显降低薄膜或条带内部出现断丝、扭曲、缠绕等现象的概率，由此有利于保证所制备的单向层合物获得强度、防弹等方面的较高性能。
所述制备控制子系统1可同时或分时制备多个单层，实现方式非常灵活。可选的，如图1b所示，制备控制子系统1包括用于分别制备多个单层的多套放卷装置11，多套放卷装置11的放卷方向平行，且经两套放卷装置分别放卷的两个单层的投影至少局部重叠。采用该方案可通过多套放卷装置同时制备多个单层，且便于进行后续的邻区错开、粘合等工艺控制，进而有利于实现单向层合物的自动化连续制备。
可选的，如图4所示，任一放卷装置11包括至少一个放卷轴111，每个放卷轴111上依次套设有多个筒管。每个筒管可缠绕超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带，控制放卷轴111上多个筒管分别放卷，相当于将各筒管的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带依次连续铺展，提高放卷效率。
可选的，放卷装置可包括平行设置的两个放卷轴11，例如可上下平行设置两个放卷轴11。在实际使用过程中，可将其中一个放卷轴11作为工作的放卷轴，另一放卷轴11作为备用的放卷轴，结构紧凑，并尽可能减少卷筒更换可能造成的中断时间或故障概率。或者，在实际应用过程中，可通过两个放卷轴11的相互配合，如每个放卷轴上依次套设有多个筒管，筒管的宽度大于或等于超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的宽度，可将两个放卷轴套设的位置交错的筒管上分别缠绕的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带放卷，如一放卷轴奇数序号的筒管和另一放卷轴偶数序号的筒管上缠绕的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带同时放卷，以将多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带依次连续铺展，从而实现单层中任两片相邻的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带尽可能小的间隙或 重叠铺设，使得制备得到的单层中，任两片相邻的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带至少部分重叠、或邻接、或二者间隙小于一设定阈值，也即任两片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带尽可能小的间隙或部分重叠铺设，提高所制备的单层的整体性。
通过表面改性处理可有效降低超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的表面惰性，提高胶合剂与超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带之间的粘结力。对超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带表面改性处理的方式，可根据实际需要确定，例如可采用但不限于等离子体处理法、辐照表面接枝法、电晕放电处理法、化学交联处理法等，实现方式非常灵活。结合本申请实施例提供的任一种单向层合物的制备系统，可选的，所述单向层合物的制备系统还可包括表面改性处理子系统4。表面改性处理子系统4设于制备控制子系统1和涂胶控制子系统2之间，用于对至少一单层的至少一面进行表面改性处理。采用电晕放电处理法等方法对超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带进行表面改性处理，即电晕处理待涂覆胶合剂的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的上表面和/或下表面，处理方法简单，便于控制，且表面改性效果好。表面改性处理子系统4可包括至少一套表面改性处理设备。可选的，表面改性处理设备的数量与放卷装置的数量相同且对应设置，以对相应的放卷装置放出的单层的至少一面进行表面改性处理。或者，可选的，表面改性处理设备的数量可少于放卷装置的数量，以实现多套放卷装置共用一表面改性处理设备。可选的，表面改性可通过电晕方法实现，电晕功率为0.1Kw～3Kw，采用该功率范围对超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带进行表面改性处理，可有效在不损伤超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带表面性能的基础上，降低超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的表面惰性，提高其与胶合剂的粘结力。进一步的，电晕处理的功率为0.3Kw～2Kw，优选的，电晕处理的功率为0.5Kw～1Kw，通过对电晕处理的功率控制参数的不断优化，可进一步改善超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带表面处理的效率和效果，由此进一步提高超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带与其表面涂覆的胶合剂的粘结力，也有利于提高单向层合物各单层间的粘结力。
涂胶控制子系统2可包括多套涂胶设备20，涂胶设备20可采用但不限于刮刀、喷涂、浸渍、热熔胶转移或微凹涂布(micro gravure)等方式进行涂胶控制，实现方式非常灵活。可选的，涂胶设备20的数量与放卷装置11的数量相同且对应设置，以对相应的放卷装置放出的单层的至少一面进行涂胶处理。或者，可选的，涂胶设备的数量可少于放卷装置的数量，以实现多套放卷装置共用一涂胶设备。
可选的，涂胶设备20可为但不限于微凹涂布控制设备21，也就是说，涂胶控制子系统2包括至少一微凹涂布控制设备21，用于采用微凹涂布的方式对至少一单层的至少一面涂布胶合剂。微凹涂布控制设备21可采用直径一般在Ф20mm～Ф50mm之间的网纹涂布辊进行胶合剂的反向、接触式涂布，即涂布辊的旋转方向与超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的走料方向相反，微凹涂布方式相对传统凹版涂布方式而言，无需背压辊，因此在涂布面上不会形成胶印、褶皱等缺陷，还可以对涂布料膜的边缘上胶，特别是针对本申请实施例提供的单层的结构，可精密、有效、便利地控制超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带表面胶合剂的含量，尽可能避免发生因胶合剂涂布不当而造成粘辊、缠辊、断丝等故障。
胶合剂可包括但不限于采用以下一种或几种的混合物：聚苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物、聚苯乙烯三嵌段共聚体、氢化聚苯乙烯三嵌段共聚体、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、聚氨酯乳液。这些胶合剂不会影响超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带本身的性能，还有利于相邻单层的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带一定条件下粘合。优选的，胶合剂包括以下一种或几种的混合物：Kraton D1161、G1650、Estane 5703和聚氨酯乳液，这些胶合剂取材方便，且涂胶过程中不会损坏超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的性能。胶合剂的含量是指涂覆的胶合剂与涂覆有胶合剂的单片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的重量比值，可选的，胶合剂的含量为0.3％～20％，较佳的，胶合剂的含量为1％～15％，进一步较佳的，胶合剂的含量为3％～12％，通过将超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的表面涂覆的胶合剂的含量控制在上述尽可能优选的范围，有利于实现在尽可能少的胶合剂的情况下，提高单向层合物不同单层间的粘结力。
结合本申请实施例提供的任一种单向层合物的制备系统，可选的，所述单向层合物的制备系统还可包括烘箱5。烘箱5设于涂胶控制子系统2和粘合控制子系统3之间，用于以对涂布有胶合剂的单层进行干燥处理。该方案可共用一套烘箱，以简化系统结构，降低成本，提高设备利用率。可选的，烘箱5用于将处于涂布有胶合剂的一面朝上的状态下的单层经一烘箱进行烘干处理，也就是说，将处于涂布有胶合剂的一面朝上的状态下的单层穿越烘箱5传送以进行烘干处理。该方案在进行烘干处理过程中，将待烘干处理的单层涂布有胶合剂的一面朝上进行烘干，有利于胶液中的溶剂或水分挥发，提高烘干效率，且胶液不会粘在烘箱中的托辊上，降低了故障发生率。烘箱的温度可低于超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带熔点的温度，以在干燥胶合剂期 间尽可能不会损伤超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的性能。可选的，烘箱的烘干温度低于150℃，进一步的，烘箱的烘干温度低于120℃，优选的，烘箱的烘干温度低于100℃，通过合理设置烘箱的烘干温度，可在胶合剂的烘干效率和超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带性能保护等二者之间进行权衡，以获得更好的产品性能。
可选的，经烘箱5传送出来的多个单层，可利用烘干处理的余热或整机张力将多个单层粘合在一起，由此尽可能减少对超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带原材料可能造成的损伤。
或者，涂胶控制完成后的多个单层(包括经烘箱5烘干处理后的多个单层，也包括未经烘箱烘干处理的多个单层等)可通过一定的热压条件进行粘结控制。可选的，粘合控制子系统3包括：热压控制装置31。热压控制装置31用于在温度小于或等于150℃、线压力小于或等于5Mpa的控制条件下，以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面，在一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、多个单层分别平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将多个单层粘合为一单向层合物。该方案有利于提高两个单层之间的粘合力，使得两个单层在受到外力冲击时不易分散开。
进一步的，热压控制装置31可包括热辊和压辊，可将一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、多个单层平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠、并以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面的多个单层，经温度小于或等于150℃的热辊传送，并经压辊向其施加小于或等于5MPa的线压力。该方案通过热辊和压辊的配合实现单向层合物的热压控制，操作控制简单方便。所述压辊可包括但不限于橡胶辊。可通过气缸等动力机构作用压辊，使得压辊与热辊压合以向二者之间的单向层合物施加压力，而采用橡胶辊作为压辊，有利于减少热量传递量，且具有一定的缓冲，尽可能减少热压过程中可能对单向层合物表面的损伤。
或者，热压控制装置31可包括两个热辊，将一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、多个单层平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠、并以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面的多个单层，经温度小于或等于150℃的一热辊传送，并经另一热辊向其施加小于或等于5Mpa的线压力，以将多个单层粘合为一单向层合物。该方案通过两个热辊的配合实现单向层合物的热压控制，操作控制简单方便。
热辊可包括但不限于加热钢辊，所述加热钢辊的加热方式可包括但不限于电加热、油加热、电磁加热等，相应称为电加热钢辊、油加热钢辊、或电 磁加热钢辊，采用上述加热钢辊控制简单方便，热传递效率高。此外，热辊表面可以有防粘层，相当于对热辊表面做防粘处理，所述防粘层可包括但不限于在热辊表面涂覆形成的一特氟龙层，或者，在热辊表面缠绕离型纸等具有防粘作用的物质等，避免加热过程中因胶合剂受热软化等原因而粘结在热辊表面，由此有利于降低故障率、延长维护周期，降低成本。
结合本申请实施例提供的任一种单向层合物的制备系统，可选的，所述单向层合物的制备系统还可包括：冷却处理子系统6，冷却处理子系统6用于对经粘合控制子系统处理后的单向层合物进行冷却处理。通过冷却处理子系统可提高单向层合物的冷却处理效率。进一步的，冷却处理子系统可包括至少一冷却辊61，经粘合控制子系统处理后的单向层合物经冷却辊61传送以在传送过程中进行冷却。例如，至少一冷却辊61可包括依次设置的至少2个冷却辊，经粘合控制子系统处理后的单向层合物依次经过至少2个冷却辊向前传送(即向后道工序传送)，每经过一个冷却辊，单向层合物上的热量就会部分传递给该冷却辊，通过多个冷却辊进行多级冷却，可保证冷却效果。此外，可选的，所述冷却处理子系统还包括冷媒循环管路，所述冷媒循环管路设置于所述至少一冷却辊上，用于通过冷媒以对经冷却辊传送的单向层合物进行冷却处理。所述冷媒循环管路可作为但不限于冷却辊的伴冷管路，通过冷媒循环管路可提高热交换效率，进而保证冷却效果。所述冷媒可根据实际需要选择，相应的，冷媒循环管路也可根据冷媒的性能进行相应的设计。可选的，冷媒可包括但不限于冷水，所述冷水可包括但不限于不超过常温的水，如不超过25℃的自来水，冷水依次流经各冷却辊后循环流回，反复循环，可有效提高冷却效率，该方案简单方便易实现，冷却效果好。
结合本申请实施例提供的任一种单向层合物的制备系统，可选的，所述单向层合物的制备系统还可包括：收卷装置7，收卷装置7用于收卷经粘合控制子系统处理后的单向层合物或经冷却处理子系统处理后的单向层合物。通过放卷装置和收卷装置的配合，可实现制备系统原材料(超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带)的自动放卷和单向层合物的自动收卷，使得从原材料的放卷及单层制备、涂胶、粘合和单向层合物收卷等这个制备工序连续自动进行，中间过程无需停顿或过滤，方案简单易行，操作方便，进一步提高了单向层合物的制备效率。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案中，自放卷装置到收卷装置的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带、单层或单向层合物可处于一定张力的受力状态，如此处理的好处在于，通过对单层或单向层合物进行一定的张力控制，可使放卷时 超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带处于表面伸直平行、无褶皱的状态，便于涂胶的精确控制，也使得各个单层更好的粘合。
为了便于进行精准和/或灵活的张力调节，可选的，任一所述放卷装置111还包括至少一个滑差轴和至少一组导向辊，所述滑差轴对应设置在放卷轴上，导向辊和筒管对应设置。每组导向辊可包括多个导向辊，每个放卷轴上可包括至少一组筒管，每组筒管包括多个筒管，可选的，一组导向辊和一组筒管对应设置。至少通过控制设置在放卷轴上的滑差轴对放卷轴上套设的各筒管施加的力和/或对应管筒设置的导向辊的位置和/或数量，调整放卷轴对各筒管缠绕的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带处于一定张力的受力状态。也就是说，在位于放卷之后的后道工序的设备(如冷却控制子系统、收卷装置等)提供的前进动力的基础上，通过对放卷装置的滑差轴和导向辊的转速等进行调整，可改变张力大小。由于采用滑差轴和导向辊配合的方案，可实现多个卷筒张力的统一调整，也可实现不同卷筒张力的单独调整，由此提高了张力调节的精准性和/或灵活性。可选的，张力的大小为0.1克/旦～8克/旦，进一步的，张力为0.4克/旦～5克/旦，优选的，张力为0.5克/旦～3克/旦，通过不断优化张力控制参数，可以在不损伤超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带性能的基础上，伸直铺展所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带，由此避免因超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带未伸直或发生褶皱而影响单层制备、涂胶和/或单向层合物不同单层的粘合等处理。
可选的，超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜的相关参数满足以下一个或多个条件：线密度大于或等于5000旦；宽度大于或等于100mm；厚度小于或等于0.2mm；断裂强度大于或等于10克/旦；拉伸模量大于或等于800克/旦；断裂伸长率小于或等于6％。较佳的，超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜满足以下一个或多个条件：厚度为0.001-0.2mm，断裂强度为10-50克/旦，拉伸模量为800-2600克/旦，断裂伸长率为0.5-6％。进一步，较佳的，超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜的线密度为5000-30000旦，宽度为100-400mm，厚度为0.005-0.15mm，断裂强度为12-48克/旦，拉伸模量为1000-2500克/旦，断裂伸长率为0.8-4％。较佳的，超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜满足以下一个或多个条件：线密度为5500-20000旦，宽度为105-300mm，厚度为0.008-0.12mm，断裂强度为15-45克/旦，拉伸模量为1200-2500克/旦，断裂伸长率为1-3％。较佳的，所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜满足以下一个或多个条件：线密度为6000-12000旦，宽度为110-220mm，厚度为0.01-0.1mm，断裂强度为16-42克/旦，拉伸模量为1400-2400克/旦，断裂伸长率为1.5-2.5％。通过对超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜参数的优化设置，可 获得用于制备单向层合物的较高性能的带材，由此提高单向层合物的整体性能。
可选的，超高分子量聚乙烯条带的相关参数满足以下一种或多种要求：线密度大于或等于100旦、小于5000旦；宽度1-100mm；厚度小于或等于0.2mm；断裂强度大于或等于10克/旦；拉伸模量大于或等于800克/旦；断裂伸长率小于或等于6％。较佳的，超高分子量聚乙烯条带满足以下一种或多种要求：厚度为0.001-0.2mm，断裂强度为10-50克/旦，拉伸模量为800-2600克/旦，断裂伸长率为0.5-6％。较佳的，超高分子量聚乙烯条带满足以下一种或多种要求：线密度为150-4000旦，宽度为2-90mm，厚度为0.003-0.1mm，断裂强度为12-48克/旦，拉伸模量为1000-2500克/旦，断裂伸长率为0.8-4％。较佳的，超高分子量聚乙烯条带满足以下一种或多种要求：线密度为200-3500旦，宽度为3-80mm，厚度为0.005-0.06mm，断裂强度为15-45克/旦，拉伸模量为1200-2400克/旦，断裂伸长率为1-3％。较佳的，超高分子量聚乙烯条带满足以下一种或多种要求：线密度为300-3000旦，宽度为5-60mm，厚度为0.008-0.03mm，断裂强度为16-42克/旦，拉伸模量为1400-2400克/旦，断裂伸长率为1.5-2.5％。通过对超高分子量聚乙烯条带参数的优化设置，可获得用于制备单向层合物的较高性能的带材，由此提高单向层合物的整体性能。
可选的，任一片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的铺展方向为其宽度方向，较佳的，超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的宽度方向为垂直超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的分子链伸直方向。超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的分子链伸直方向为超高分子量聚乙烯的纵向拉伸方向，是指超高分子量聚乙烯纵向被拉伸后，其大分子链自觉的沿着纵向受力方向而排列的方向。由于超高分子量聚乙烯具有线性结构，超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带沿其分子链伸直方向的强度最大，故沿其分子链伸直方向铺设超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带，有利于提高超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的强度利用率，进而提高单向层合物的强度等性能。
如图5所示，本申请实施例还提供了一种单向层合物的制备方法，包括：
S501：制备多个单层，其中，任一单层采用依次连续铺展多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的方式制得，每两片连续铺展的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的相邻处为一邻区。
S502：在至少一单层的至少一面涂布胶合剂。
S503：以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面，在一单层的各邻区与相邻 的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、多个单层分别平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将多个单层粘合为一单向层合物。
本申请实施例提供的单向层合物的制备方法，工艺简单易行，生产效率高，对设备精度要求较低，有利于降低设备购置成本。采用本申请实施例提供的制备方法进行单向层合物的制备过程中，可将多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带按照某一方向依次连续平行铺展，使得所述多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带处于沿同一方向的伸直状态以形成一单层，制备的单层柔软，具有较高的抗拉强度；在制备好多个单层之后，以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面，在一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、多个单层分别平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将多个单层粘合为一单向层合物，如此得到的单向层合物，可对各单层单独制备的缺陷进行一定程度上的弥补(如粘合之后，一单层中如连个相邻超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带之间的缝隙等邻区，可通过相邻的另一单层弥补等)，使得得到的单向层合物整体性好，利于后道应用加工。
此外，本申请实施例单向层合物制备的每个单层制备过程中，是将超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带作为一个整体进行处理，结构整体性好、制备工艺简单，省去了对多根纤维丝进行分别整理的复杂工艺，明显降低了薄膜或条带的表面产生毛刺的概率，也明显降低薄膜或条带内部出现断丝、扭曲、缠绕等现象的概率，由此有利于保证所制备的单向层合物获得强度、防弹等方面的较高性能。
多个单层可通过不同的放卷装置同时制备，制备好后至少一个单层的至少一面进行涂胶处理，之后在一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、多个单层分别平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将多个单层粘合为一体即得到单向层合物，如图3所示，整个制备过程从单层的制备、涂胶以及多个单层的粘合等单向层合物的整个制备工序连续进行，中间过程无需停顿或过渡，方案简单易行，操作方便，极大提高了单向层合物的制备效率。多个单层的任两个相邻的单层中，至少一个单层的至少一面涂有胶合剂，如两个相邻的单层中至少一个单层的上表面或下表面涂有胶合剂，可选的，可在至少一个单层的下表面涂有胶合剂，可采用微凹涂布的方式进行涂胶量的精准控制，对下表面涂胶对如微凹涂胶控制设备等涂胶控制子系统而言，控制最为简单、方便。进一步的，可在每个单层的至少一面涂有胶合剂，如可在每个单层各自的下表面涂有胶合剂，如此处理形成单向层合物的下表面有胶合剂，便于基于单向层合物的后道应用工序，如便于将多 片单向层合物叠合制备其他产品等。
任一单层中，至少两片相邻的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带至少部分重叠、或邻接、或二者间隙小于一设定阈值，如图2a-图2b所示。也就是说，可选的，任两片相邻的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带之间无间隙或者有很小的间隙，所述无间隙包括两片相邻的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带边缘紧密相邻或边缘处局部重叠等情形。由于超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带存在一定的偏差，所谓的边缘紧密相邻而无缝隙是指在一定偏差允许范围内，边缘紧密相邻而无缝隙。通过将多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带铺设呈无缝隙的单层，有利于提高单向层合物的紧密性。可选的，任两片相邻的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带之间也可以留有很小的间隙，所述间隙小于或等于10mm，这样的间隙可使单向层合物具有一定的紧密性的同时，还有利于降低制备工艺的精度要求。进一步的，间隙小于或等于5mm，较佳的，间隙小于或等于3mm，优选的，间隙小于或等于2mm，通过对任两片相邻的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的间隙允许参数的设置，可在制备工艺精度和单向层合物性能之间获得较好的平衡点。由于超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带尺寸有一定的偏差，如超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的宽度存在一定的偏差，本申请实施例在某一单层中的任两片相邻的超高分子量聚乙烯无间隙或有很小的间隙，都是相对超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的宽度偏差容许范围而言，所述宽度偏差容许低于2mm，较佳的，所述宽度偏差容许低于1mm，优选的，所述宽度偏差容许低于0.2mm，通过对超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的单向层合物制备原材料的严格筛选，有利于提高工艺的精度控制。此外，任两片相邻的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带重叠多少，可根据超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的宽度确定，如重叠部分不超过超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的宽度的一半，如重叠部分小于50mm，较佳的，重叠部分小于30mm，再较佳的，重叠部分小于10mm，进一步较佳的，重叠部分小于5mm。可见，每个单层的制备方法非常灵活，精度要求较低，利于降低设备购置成本。
采用本申请实施例提供的任一技术方案形成任一单层过程中，可选的，可通过一定的张力控制使得各超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带处于伸直且无褶皱的状态，例如，形成任一单层过程中，可在一超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的两端施加0.1克/旦～8克/旦的张力，以在不损伤超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带性能的基础上，伸直铺展所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带，由此避免因超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带未伸直或发生褶皱而影响单向层合物各层间的结合。进一步的，张力为0.4克/旦～5克/旦，优选的，张力为0.5 克/旦～3克/旦，通过对张力控制参数不断优化，可进一步改善超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带表面处理的铺设质量，由此实现单向层合物的各个单层相互间无松弛、无滑移、无褶皱铺层和粘合的效果，提高所制备的单向层合物的整体性能。
如图3所示，本申请实施例还提供了一种单向层合物，所述单向层合物包括分别平行且粘合的多个单层，其中，多个单层中任两个相邻的单层以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面、且一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开，任一单层采用依次连续铺展多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的方式制得，每两片连续铺展的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的相邻处为一邻区，且至少一单层的至少一面涂布有胶合剂。
所述单向层合物制备工艺简单易行，生产效率高，对设备精度要求较低，有利于降低设备购置成本。所述单向层合物结构简单，每个单层是由多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带处于沿同一方向的伸直状态形成的，单层柔软，具有较高的抗拉强度；通过以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面，在一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、多个单层平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将多个单层粘合而得到的单向层合物，(如粘合之后，一单层中如两个相邻超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带之间的缝隙等邻区，可通过相邻的另一单层弥补等)使得得到的单向层合物整体性好，利于后道应用加工。此外，本申请实施例单向层合物的每个单层的制备过程中，是将超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带作为一个整体进行处理，结构整体性好、制备工艺简单，省去了对多根纤维丝进行分别整理的复杂工艺，明显降低了薄膜或条带的表面产生毛刺的概率，也明显降低薄膜或条带内部出现断丝、扭曲、缠绕等现象的概率，由此有利于保证所制备的单向层合物获得强度、防弹等方面的较高性能。
如图6所示，本申请实施例还提供了一种无纬布，所述无纬布由至少两片单向层合物以一定的交叉角度叠合为一体，所述单向层合物为本申请实施例提供的任一种单向层合物，任两片相邻的单向层合物的交叉角度为0-180度之间的任一角度，例如，相邻的单向层合物的交叉角度可包括但不限于0度、30度、45度或90度等。
本申请实施例提供的无纬布重量轻，具有较好的防弹、防穿刺等性能，可广泛应用于如防弹插板、防弹头盔、装甲背衬、直升机座椅、舱门或其他类型的防护制品等防护制品中。
可根据无纬布的用途选择不同的角度叠合相邻单向层合物，本申请实施 例对此并不限制，实现方式非常灵活，可选的，任两片相邻的单向层合物的交叉角度为10-120度，进一步的，任两片相邻的单向层合物的交叉角度为30-100度，优选的，两片相邻的单向层合物的交叉角度为45-90度。任不同两片相邻的单向层合物的交叉角度可以相同或不同，例如，一可选的无纬布包括N片交叉叠合的单向层合物，N片单向层合物可依次呈“0度-90度-0度-90度……”交替变化，也可依次呈“0度-30度-45度-90度……”依次递增，由此提高无纬布抗冲击、防弹等性能。单向层合物之间叠合的实现方式可采用但不限于重叠设置并热压粘结的方式，方法简单易行，层间粘结牢固。
进一步的，本申请实施例还提供了一种防护制品，所述防护制品包括本申请实施例提供的任一种单向层合物或任一种无纬布，所述防护制品可包括但不限于以下一种或多种：防弹插板、防弹头盔、装甲背衬、直升机座椅、舱门或其他类型的防护制品等，测试表明，采用所述单向层合物或所述无纬布制备的防护制品具有优良的抗冲击性能和防弹性能。
实施例1
采用超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜来制备单向层合物，其中超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜宽度为120mm，厚度为0.025mm，线密度为19000D，断裂强度为27克/旦，拉伸模量为1600克/旦，断裂伸长率为1.9％。单层所需的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜的片数可根据所需的单层的宽度以及单根超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜的宽度确定，如可将32片上述超高分量聚乙烯薄膜紧密相邻平行铺展形成一单层；分别制备两个单层之后，对每个单层的下表面采用微凹涂布的方式涂覆胶合剂，胶合剂选用Kraton D1161，上胶量为5.8％；在一单层的各邻区与另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、两个单层平行且至少局部重叠的状态下将两个单层粘合为一单向层合物。
选取216片上述单向层合物，相邻两片单向层合物以0°/90°交叠，经过热压制成防护板材，由此制得防护制品A。经测试，防护制品A的面密度为6.5Kg/m2。采用7.62mm专用发射器配1.1g破片，对该防护制品A进行检测，测得穿透概率为50％(V50)时所述破片的平均着靶速度为715m/s。
选取700片上述单向层合物，相邻两片单向层合物以0°/90°交叠，经过热压制成板材，由此制得防护制品B。防护制品B的面密度为21Kg/m2。按照GA141-2010标准对防护制品B进行性能测试，测试弹速为745m/s，经过测试，测得防护制品B的防弹性能能够满足GA141 5级标准。
实施例2
采用超高分子量聚乙烯条带来制备单向层合物，每片超高分子量聚乙烯条带宽度为50mm，厚度为0.012mm，线密度为5000D，断裂强度为29克/旦，拉伸模量为1800克/旦，断裂伸长率为1.7％。单层所需的超高分子量聚乙烯条带的片数可根据所需的单层的宽度以及单根超高分子量聚乙烯条带的宽度确定，如可将24片上述超高分量聚乙烯条带以很小间隙(小于2mm)依次平行铺展形成一单层；分别制备两个单层之后，对至少一单层的下表面采用微凹涂布的方式涂覆胶合剂，胶合剂选用水性聚氨酯乳液，上胶量为10％；在一单层的各邻区与另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、两个单层平行且至少局部重叠的状态下将两个单层粘合为一单向层合物。
选取96片上述单向层合物，相邻两片单向层合物以0°/90°交叠，经过热压制成防护板材，由此制得防护制品C。经测试，防护制品C的面密度为5.8Kg/m2。采用7.62mm专用发射器配51式7.62mm增减药弹，对该制品进行检测，测得穿透概率为50％(V50)时所述破片的平均着靶速度为660m/s。
选取55片上述单向层合物，相邻两片单向层合物以0°/90°交叠，经过热压制成防护板材，由此制得防护制品D。防护制品D的面密度为3.3Kg/m2。按照NIJ 0101.04中IIIA级要求进行测试，弹速为436m/s。经过测试，测得该防护制品D防弹性能能够满足NIJ 0101.04 IIIA级要求。
实施例3
采用超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜来制备单向层合物，其中超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜宽度为120mm，厚度为0.025mm，线密度为19000D，断裂强度为27克/旦，拉伸模量为1600克/旦，断裂伸长率为1.9％。单层所需的超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜的片数可根据所需的单层的宽度以及单根超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜的宽度确定，如可将5片上述超高分量聚乙烯薄膜紧密相邻平行铺展形成一单层；分别制备两个单层之后，对每个单层的下表面采用微凹涂布的方式涂覆胶合剂，胶合剂选用水性聚氨酯乳液，上胶量为8.5％；在一单层的各邻区与另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、两个单层平行且至少局部重叠的状态下将两个单层粘合为一单向层合物。
选取150片上述单向层合物，各单向层合物依次以0°/45°/90°…交叠，经过热压制成防护板材，由此制得防护制品E。经测试，防护制品E的面密度为9Kg/m2。采用GA141-2010警用防弹衣的测试标准进行弹击检测，防护制品E能够满足GA141-2010中2级要求，采用GA68-2008的测试标准进行穿刺检测，防护制品E能够满足GA68-2008中1级要求。
选取175片上述单向层合物，各单向层合物依次以0°/45°/90°…交 叠，经过热压制成防护板材，由此制得防护制品F。防护制品F的面密度为10.5Kg/m2。采用GA141-2010警用防弹衣的测试标准进行弹击检测，防护制品E能够满足GA141-2010中3级要求，采用GA68-2008的测试标准进行穿刺检测，防护制品E能够满足GA68-2008中2级要求。
总之，本申请实施例提供的单向层合物、无纬布及防护制品显示出极佳的防弹效果，可以有效的抵御子弹威胁。这种单向层合物以重量轻、防弹效果好的优势可广泛用于防弹衣、防弹插板、防弹头盔、防弹防刺服、装甲车背衬、直升机座椅等防护制品。
虽然以上已经详细说明了本申请及其优点，但是应当理解在不超出由所附的权利要求所限定的本申请的精神和范围的情况下可以进行各种改变、替代和变换。而且，本申请的范围不仅限于说明书所描述的过程、设备、手段、方法和步骤的具体实施例。本领域内的普通技术人员从本申请的公开内容将容易理解，根据本申请可以使用执行与在此所述的相应实施例基本相同的功能或者获得与其基本相同的结果的、现有和将来要被开发的过程、设备、手段、方法或者步骤。因此，所附的权利要求旨在在它们的范围内包括这样的过程、设备、手段、方法或者步骤。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种单向层合物的制备系统，其特征在于，包括：
    按单向层合物的制备工序依次设置的制备控制子系统、涂胶控制子系统和粘合控制子系统；
    所述制备控制子系统用于制备多个单层，其中，任一单层采用依次连续铺展多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的方式制得，每两片连续铺展的所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的相邻处为一邻区；
    所述涂胶控制子系统用于在至少一单层的至少一面涂布胶合剂；
    所述粘合控制子系统用于以至少一涂布有所述胶合剂的面为相邻面，在一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、所述多个单层分别平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将所述多个单层粘合为一单向层合物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述制备控制子系统包括用于分别制备多个所述单层的多套放卷装置，其中，所述多套放卷装置的放卷方向平行，且经所述多套放卷装置分别放卷的多个单层的投影至少局部重叠。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述涂胶控制子系统包括至少一微凹涂布控制设备，用于采用微凹涂布的方式对至少一单层的至少一面涂布所述胶合剂。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    表面改性处理子系统，设于所述制备控制子系统和所述涂胶控制子系统之间，用于对至少一单层的至少一面进行表面改性处理。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    烘箱，设于所述涂胶控制子系统和所述粘合控制子系统之间，用于对涂布有所述胶合剂的所述单层进行烘干处理。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述粘合控制子系统包括：
    热压控制装置，该热压控制装置通过热压处理将所述多个单层粘合为所述单向层合物。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述热压控制装置包括两个热辊，通过所述两个热辊的配合实现热压控制；或者，
    所述热压控制装置包括一热辊和一压辊，通过所述热辊和所述压辊的配合实现热压控制。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述热辊表面有防粘层。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    冷却处理子系统，用于对经所述粘合控制子系统处理后的所述单向层合物进行冷却处理。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    收卷装置，用于收卷所述单向层合物。
  11. 一种单向层合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
    制备多个单层，其中，任一单层采用依次连续铺展多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的方式制得，每两片连续铺展的所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的相邻处为一邻区；
    在至少一所述单层的至少一面涂布胶合剂；
    以至少一涂布有所述胶合剂的面为相邻面，在一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开、所述多个单层分别平行且任两个相邻的单层至少局部重叠的状态下，将所述多个单层粘合为一单向层合物。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，采用微凹涂布的方式对所述单层的至少一面涂布所述胶合剂。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，对所述单层的至少一面涂布胶合剂之前，还包括：
    对所述单层的所述至少一面进行表面改性处理。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述多个单层粘合为一单向层合物之前，还包括：
    对涂布有所述胶合剂的所述单层经一烘箱进行烘干处理。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：对所述单向层合物进行冷却处理。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    经一收卷装置收卷所述单向层合物。
  17. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述单向层合物的整个制备过程中，所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带、所述单层或所述单向层合物处于一定张力的受力状态。
  18. 一种单向层合物，其特征在于，所述单向层合物包括分别平行且粘合的多个单层，其中，所述多个单层中任两个相邻的单层以至少一涂布有胶合剂的面为相邻面、且一单层的各邻区与相邻的另一单层的各邻区彼此错开，
    其中，任一单层采用依次连续铺展多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的方式制得，每两片连续铺展的所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的相邻处为所述邻区，且至少一所述单层的至少一面涂布有所述胶合剂。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的单向层合物，其特征在于，任一所述单层包括 的所述多片超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带中，至少两片所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的宽度相同或不同。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的单向层合物，其特征在于，任一所述单层中，至少一所述邻区为两片相邻的所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的部分重叠区、邻接区或小于一设定阈值的间隙。
  21. 根据权利要求18所述的单向层合物，其特征在于，所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜的相关参数至少满足以下一种或多种：
    线密度在5000旦以上；
    宽度100mm以上；
    厚度0.2mm以下；
    断裂强度在10克/旦以上；
    拉伸模量在800克/旦以上；
    断裂伸长率在6％以下。
  22. 根据权利要求18所述的单向层合物，其特征在于，所述超高分子量聚乙烯条带的相关参数至少满足以下一种或多种：
    线密度在100旦以上；
    宽度1-100mm；
    厚度0.2mm以下；
    断裂强度在10克/旦以上；
    拉伸模量在800克/旦以上；
    断裂伸长率在6％以下。
  23. 根据权利要求18所述的单向层合物，其特征在于，任一片所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的铺展方向为其宽度方向。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的单向层合物，其特征在于，所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的宽度方向为垂直所述超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜或条带的分子链伸直方向。
  25. 一种无纬布，其特征在于，所述无纬布由至少两片单向层合物以一定的交叉角度叠合为一体，所述单向层合物为如权利要求18所述的单向层合物。
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CN109501429A (zh) * 2018-11-30 2019-03-22 江苏和和新材料股份有限公司 一种环保型热胶无纺墙布复合设备

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