WO2017041353A1 - 用于车辆通信的d2d发现方法、装置和终端 - Google Patents

用于车辆通信的d2d发现方法、装置和终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017041353A1
WO2017041353A1 PCT/CN2015/093489 CN2015093489W WO2017041353A1 WO 2017041353 A1 WO2017041353 A1 WO 2017041353A1 CN 2015093489 W CN2015093489 W CN 2015093489W WO 2017041353 A1 WO2017041353 A1 WO 2017041353A1
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Prior art keywords
vehicle communication
discovery
network side
side entity
service
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PCT/CN2015/093489
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English (en)
French (fr)
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雷艺学
郑倩
张晨璐
张云飞
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宇龙计算机通信科技(深圳)有限公司
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Publication of WO2017041353A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017041353A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/005—Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a D2D discovery method for vehicle communication, and a D2D discovery method for vehicle communication.
  • V2I Vehicle to Infrastructure
  • V2V Vehicle to Vehicle
  • D2D Device-to-Device
  • 3GPP SA1 uniformly describes the usage scenarios and technical requirements of the Internet of Vehicles in TR 22.885. Among them, for some services involving security, it is clear that the delay of the car to the car is not more than 20ms or 100ms, and Table 1 shows the summary of the technical indicators of the car network.
  • D2D discovery technology that is, V2X (Vehicle to X) application layer message as the payload of D2D discovery message, from PSDCH ( Physical layer Side link Discovery Channel, the physical layer side link discovery channel) is broadcasted; the other is the D2D communication technology, that is, the V2X application layer message is used as the D2D communication data in the PSCCH (Physical Layer Side Link Control Channel, The physical layer (sub-link control channel) and the PSSCH (Physical Layer Side Link Shared Channel) are transmitted.
  • V2X Vehicle to X
  • D2D discovery has two resource allocation modes, namely scheduling mode and resource pool mode.
  • scheduling mode When performing D2D discovery based on these two methods, signaling delay may occur, especially if the network side entity is considered to be generated. Delay more. Transmission of D2D discovery signaling in scheduling mode The transmission process is shown in Fig. 1, wherein the description of the delay parameters shown in Fig. 1 is as shown in Table 2:
  • the UE User Equipment
  • the delay of four PC3 interface messages, including T(REQ), T(RSP), T(DECAP) will introduce two interactions with ProSe Function, which may reach a delay of more than 400ms, while the delay of the air interface is sufficient for D2D.
  • ProSe Function In the case of resource scheduling, it can be controlled within 20ms.
  • the present invention is based on at least one of the above technical problems, and proposes a new D2D discovery scheme for vehicle communication, so that the terminal can minimize the interaction with the network side entity when performing the D2D discovery process.
  • the delay of the D2D discovery process is shortened, and the support for V2X short delay transmission is realized.
  • the present invention provides a D2D discovery method for vehicle communication, which is applicable to a terminal, comprising: acquiring a transmission performance requirement that is satisfied by a service type corresponding to a vehicle communication service; determining the content according to the transmission performance requirement.
  • the vehicle communication service has a time delay limitation, by performing a pre-registration process to the network side entity, and/or adopting a scheduling mechanism for pre-allocating transmission resources, and/or acquiring the identification mapping information of the network side entity in advance, to perform The interaction with the network side entity is reduced during the D2D discovery process.
  • a pre-registration process ie, a pre-registration mechanism
  • a scheduling mechanism for pre-allocating transmission resources ie, a pre-scheduling mechanism
  • acquiring the identification mapping information ie, the pre-mapping mechanism
  • the terminal can perform a pre-registration mechanism and/or a pre-scheduling mechanism and/or a pre-mapping mechanism in advance, thereby being able to perform a D2D discovery process at the terminal.
  • the interaction with the network side entity is minimized, the delay of the D2D discovery process is effectively shortened, and the support for V2X short delay transmission is realized.
  • vehicle communication can be understood as vehicle networking communication, and can also be understood as evolution technology of vehicle networking, such as cooperative driving, automatic driverless, etc.
  • vehicle communication includes: V2V, V2P (Vehicle To Individual Person, car-to-person communication, including Pedestrian (walker), cyclist (cyclist), V2I and other V2X communications.
  • the step of the terminal acquiring the transmission performance requirement that is satisfied by the service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service includes: a correspondence between the pre-configured service type and the transmission performance requirement; And a service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service, and acquiring a transmission performance requirement that is satisfied by a service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service.
  • the transmission performance requirement includes: a delay requirement, a D2D transmission mechanism, and a reliability level.
  • the step of performing a pre-registration process to the network side entity specifically includes: transmitting, to the network side entity, a D2D including the service type. Receiving a response message; receiving the response message fed back by the network side entity; wherein the response message is feedback that the network side entity determines when the vehicle communication service has a delay limit according to a service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service of.
  • the response message includes information that identifies an effective time length of the vehicle communication service.
  • the step of using a scheduling mechanism for pre-allocating transmission resources specifically includes: transmitting, by using the transmission resource pre-scheduled by the network side entity, a D2D discovery signal carrying a vehicle communication message.
  • the method further includes: determining whether the data amount of the D2D discovery signal carrying the vehicle communication message to be sent is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and if yes, simultaneously to the network side entity Send multiple D2D discovery requests.
  • the step of acquiring the identifier mapping information of the network side entity in advance comprises: mapping and storing the ProSe Application Code and the ProSe Application ID received in the D2D discovery process.
  • the method further includes: feeding back, to the network side entity, a transmission performance requirement of the vehicle communication service, so that the network side entity extends the location when the ProSe Application Code is allocated. The validity period of the ProSe Application Code.
  • the network side entity includes: a ProSe Function, a Road Side Unit (RSU) that performs security association with the ProSe Function, or a base station that is securely associated with the ProSe Function.
  • RSU Road Side Unit
  • the roadside unit or the base station performs security association with the ProSe Function by using an AAA protocol or a Diameter protocol.
  • a D2D discovery apparatus for vehicle communication is further provided, which is applicable to a terminal, and includes: an acquisition unit, configured to acquire a transmission performance requirement that is satisfied by a service type corresponding to a vehicle communication service; and a processing unit And for performing a pre-registration process to the network side entity, and/or adopting a scheduling mechanism for pre-allocating transmission resources, and/or pre-acquiring when determining that the vehicle communication service has a delay limit according to the transmission performance requirement
  • the mapping information of the network side entity is configured to reduce interaction with the network side entity during performing D2D discovery.
  • a pre-registration process ie, a pre-registration mechanism
  • a scheduling mechanism for pre-allocating transmission resources ie, a pre-scheduling mechanism
  • acquiring the identification mapping information ie, the pre-mapping mechanism
  • the terminal can perform a pre-registration mechanism and/or a pre-scheduling mechanism and/or a pre-mapping mechanism in advance, thereby being able to perform a D2D discovery process at the terminal.
  • the interaction with the network side entity is minimized, the delay of the D2D discovery process is effectively shortened, and the support for V2X short delay transmission is realized.
  • vehicle communication can be understood as vehicle networking communication, and can also be understood as evolution technology of vehicle networking, such as cooperative driving, automatic driverless, etc.
  • vehicle communication includes: V2V, V2P (Vehicle To Individual Person, car-to-person communication, including Pedestrian (walker), cyclist (cyclist), V2I and other V2X communications.
  • the acquiring unit is specifically configured to: obtain a correspondence between a pre-configured service type and a transmission performance requirement; and obtain the foregoing according to the correspondence relationship and a service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service The transmission performance requirements satisfied by the type of service corresponding to the vehicle communication service.
  • the transmission performance requirement includes: a delay requirement, a D2D transmission mechanism, and a reliability level.
  • the acquiring unit is configured to: after the triggering the terminal to send the D2D discovery signal carrying the vehicle communication message, performing, acquiring, that the service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service is satisfied The operation required to transmit performance.
  • the processing unit includes: a first sending unit, configured to send, when the pre-registration process to the network side entity is performed, the service included in the network side entity a type of D2D discovery request; a receiving unit, configured to receive a response message fed back by the network side entity; wherein the response message is that the network side entity determines the vehicle communication according to a service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service The service is backed up with a delay limit.
  • the response message includes information that identifies an effective time length of the vehicle communication service.
  • the processing unit includes: a second sending unit, configured to send, by using a pre-scheduled transmission resource of the network side entity, a bearer vehicle when adopting a scheduling mechanism for pre-allocating a transmission resource D2D discovery signal for communication messages.
  • the processing unit further includes: a determining unit, configured to determine whether a data amount of the D2D discovery signal carrying the vehicle communication message to be sent is greater than or equal to a predetermined value; a sending unit, configured to send a plurality of D2D discoveries to the network side entity in advance when the determining unit determines that the data amount of the D2D discovery signal carrying the vehicle communication message to be sent is greater than or equal to the predetermined value request.
  • the processing unit includes: a storage unit, configured to: when the identifier mapping information of the network side entity needs to be acquired in advance, the ProSe Application Code received in the D2D discovery process The ProSe Application ID is mapped for storage.
  • the processing unit further includes: a fourth sending unit, configured to feed back, to the network side entity, a transmission performance requirement of the vehicle communication service, so that the network side entity When the ProSe Application Code is allocated, the validity period of the ProSe Application Code is extended.
  • the network side entity includes: a ProSe Function, a roadside unit (RSU) that performs security association with the ProSe Function, or a base station that is securely associated with the ProSe Function.
  • RSU roadside unit
  • the roadside unit or the base station performs security association with the ProSe Function by using an AAA protocol or a Diameter protocol.
  • a terminal comprising: a D2D discovery device for vehicle communication as described in any one of the above aspects.
  • the terminal can minimize the interaction with the network side entity when performing the D2D discovery process, effectively shorten the delay of the D2D discovery process, and realize the support for the V2X short delay transmission.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a transmission process of D2D discovery signaling in a scheduling mode
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow chart of a D2D discovery method for vehicle communication in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a D2D discovery device for vehicle communication in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a V2X scenario in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic flow chart of a D2D discovery method for vehicle communication according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of signaling interaction of a pre-authorization mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of signaling interaction of a pre-scheduling mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of a D2D discovery method for vehicle communication in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a D2D discovery method for vehicle communication is applicable to a terminal, including:
  • Step 202 Acquire a transmission performance requirement that is satisfied by a service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service.
  • Step 204 Perform a pre-registration process to the network side entity, and/or adopt a scheduling mechanism for pre-allocating transmission resources, and/or pre-acquire when determining that the vehicle communication service has a delay limit according to the transmission performance requirement.
  • the mapping information of the network side entity is configured to reduce interaction with the network side entity during performing D2D discovery.
  • a pre-registration process ie, a pre-registration mechanism
  • a scheduling mechanism ie, a pre-scheduling mechanism
  • pre-acquisition of the identity mapping information of the network-side entity ie, a pre-mapping mechanism
  • the terminal can perform a pre-registration mechanism and/or a pre-scheduling mechanism and/or a pre-mapping mechanism in advance.
  • the terminal performs the D2D discovery process, the interaction with the network side entity is minimized, the delay of the D2D discovery process is effectively shortened, and the V2X short delay transmission support is realized.
  • vehicle communication can be understood as vehicle networking communication, and can also be understood as evolution technology of vehicle networking, such as cooperative driving, automatic driverless, etc.
  • vehicle communication includes: V2V, V2P (Vehicle To Individual Person, car-to-person communication, including Pedestrian (walker), cyclist (cyclist), V2I and other V2X communications.
  • the step of the terminal acquiring the transmission performance requirement that is satisfied by the service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service includes: a correspondence between the pre-configured service type and the transmission performance requirement; And a service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service, and acquiring a transmission performance requirement that is satisfied by a service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service.
  • the transmission performance requirement that the service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service meets is obtained based on the corresponding relationship between the service type and the service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service. It is possible to prevent the terminal from interacting with related functional entities (such as network side entities) to determine the transmission performance requirements of the vehicle communication service, resulting in an increase in delay.
  • related functional entities such as network side entities
  • the transmission performance requirement includes: a delay requirement, a D2D transmission mechanism, and a reliability level.
  • the transmission performance requirement that the service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service is satisfied is obtained before the trigger terminal transmits the D2D discovery signal carrying the vehicle communication message, so that the D2D carrying the vehicle communication message needs to be transmitted.
  • the transmission performance requirement satisfied by the service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service is obtained, which leads to an increase in delay, which effectively shortens the delay of the D2D discovery process.
  • the trigger terminal transmits the vehicle carrying the vehicle
  • the D2D discovery signal of the communication message can be understood before it needs to be transmitted before the D2D discovery signal carrying the vehicle communication message.
  • the step of performing a pre-registration process to the network side entity specifically includes: transmitting, to the network side entity, a D2D discovery request including the service type; receiving the network side The response message sent by the entity; wherein the response message is fed back by the network side entity when determining that the vehicle communication service has a delay limit according to a service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service.
  • the registration process can be completed without interacting with the network-side entity again during the D2D discovery process, which effectively shortens the delay of the D2D discovery process.
  • the response message includes information that identifies an effective time length of the vehicle communication service.
  • the life cycle of the D2D service may be increased. Therefore, the network-side entity needs to add a statement of the effective time length of the vehicle communication service in the response message to identify the service. The life cycle is longer.
  • the step of using a scheduling mechanism for pre-allocating transmission resources specifically includes: transmitting, by using the transmission resource pre-scheduled by the network side entity, a D2D discovery signal carrying a vehicle communication message.
  • the process of scheduling resources can be completed without interaction with the network side in the process of performing D2D discovery, which effectively shortens the delay of the D2D discovery process.
  • the method further includes: determining whether the data amount of the D2D discovery signal carrying the vehicle communication message to be sent is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and if yes, simultaneously to the network side entity Send multiple D2D discovery requests.
  • the identifier of the network side entity is acquired in advance
  • the step of transmitting information specifically includes: mapping and storing the ProSe Application Code and the ProSe Application ID received in the D2D discovery process.
  • the process of performing the pre-mapping process can complete the process of mapping the network side entity without interacting with the network side again during the D2D discovery process, thereby effectively shortening the delay of the D2D discovery process.
  • the method further includes: feeding back, to the network side entity, a transmission performance requirement of the vehicle communication service, so that the network side entity extends the location when the ProSe Application Code is allocated. The validity period of the ProSe Application Code.
  • the network side entity in order to avoid inconsistency of the information obtained by the terminal side (ie, the ProSe Application Code and the ProSe Application ID), it is necessary to delete the obtained information when the timeout occurs, so when using the pre-mapping mechanism, in order to avoid When the terminal deletes the obtained information when the timeout expires, the network side entity can extend the validity period of the ProSe Application Code when the ProSe Application Code is allocated.
  • the network side entity includes: a ProSe Function, a roadside unit (RSU) that performs security association with the ProSe Function, or a base station that is securely associated with the ProSe Function.
  • RSU roadside unit
  • the roadside unit or the base station performs security association with the ProSe Function by using an AAA protocol or a Diameter protocol.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a D2D discovery device for vehicle communication in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a D2D discovery apparatus 300 for vehicle communication is applicable to a terminal, and includes an acquisition unit 302 and a processing unit 304.
  • the obtaining unit 302 is configured to obtain a transmission performance requirement that is satisfied by a service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service
  • the processing unit 304 is configured to execute, when determining, that the vehicle communication service has a delay limit according to the transmission performance requirement.
  • a pre-registration process to the network side entity, and/or a scheduling mechanism that uses pre-allocated transmission resources, and/or pre-acquisition of the identity mapping information of the network side entity to reduce the network side entity in performing the D2D discovery process The interaction between.
  • a pre-registration process of the network-side entity ie, a pre-registration mechanism
  • a scheduling mechanism that uses pre-allocated transmission resources ie, a pre-scheduling mechanism
  • pre-acquisition of identity mapping information of the network-side entity ie, a pre-mapping mechanism
  • vehicle communication can be understood as vehicle networking communication, and can also be understood as evolution technology of vehicle networking, such as cooperative driving, automatic driverless, etc.
  • vehicle communication includes: V2V, V2P (Vehicle To Individual Person, car-to-person communication, including Pedestrian (walker), cyclist (cyclist), V2I and other V2X communications.
  • the obtaining unit 302 is specifically configured to: a correspondence between a pre-configured service type and a transmission performance requirement; and acquiring, according to the correspondence relationship and a service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service, The transmission performance requirements satisfied by the service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service.
  • the transmission performance requirement that the service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service meets is obtained based on the corresponding relationship between the service type and the service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service. It is possible to prevent the terminal from interacting with related functional entities (such as network side entities) to determine the transmission performance requirements of the vehicle communication service, resulting in an increase in delay.
  • related functional entities such as network side entities
  • the transmission performance requirement includes: a delay requirement, a D2D transmission mechanism, and a reliability level.
  • the acquiring unit 302 is specifically configured to: after the triggering the terminal to send the D2D discovery signal carrying the vehicle communication message, performing the acquiring the service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service is satisfied.
  • the transmission performance requires operation.
  • the transmission performance requirement that the service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service is satisfied is obtained before the trigger terminal transmits the D2D discovery signal carrying the vehicle communication message, so that the D2D carrying the vehicle communication message needs to be transmitted.
  • the transmission performance requirement satisfied by the service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service is obtained, resulting in an increase in delay. Plus, effectively shortening the delay of the D2D discovery process.
  • the trigger terminal transmits the D2D discovery signal carrying the vehicle communication message it can be understood as before the D2D discovery signal carrying the vehicle communication message needs to be transmitted.
  • the processing unit 304 includes: a first sending unit 304A, configured to send the inclusion to the network side entity when performing a pre-registration process to the network side entity a D2D discovery request of the service type; a receiving unit 304B, configured to receive a response message fed back by the network side entity, where the response message is determined by the network side entity according to a service type corresponding to the vehicle communication service The vehicle communication service is fed back with a delay limit.
  • the registration process can be completed without interacting with the network-side entity again during the D2D discovery process, which effectively shortens the delay of the D2D discovery process.
  • the response message includes information that identifies an effective time length of the vehicle communication service.
  • the life cycle of the D2D service may be increased. Therefore, the network-side entity needs to add a statement of the effective time length of the vehicle communication service in the response message to identify the service. The life cycle is longer.
  • the processing unit 304 includes: a second sending unit 304C, configured to send a bearer by using a pre-scheduled transmission resource of the network side entity when adopting a scheduling mechanism for pre-allocating a transmission resource.
  • D2D discovery signal with vehicle communication messages configured to send a bearer by using a pre-scheduled transmission resource of the network side entity when adopting a scheduling mechanism for pre-allocating a transmission resource.
  • the process of scheduling resources can be completed without interaction with the network side in the process of performing D2D discovery, which effectively shortens the delay of the D2D discovery process.
  • the processing unit 304 further includes: a determining unit 304D, configured to determine whether a data quantity of the D2D discovery signal carrying the vehicle communication message to be sent is greater than or equal to a predetermined value;
  • the third sending unit 304E is configured to send the data to the network side entity in advance when the determining unit 304D determines that the data quantity of the D2D discovery signal carrying the vehicle communication message to be sent is greater than or equal to the predetermined value.
  • the processing unit 304 includes: a storage unit 304F, configured to: when the identifier mapping information of the network side entity needs to be acquired in advance, the ProSe Application that is received in the D2D discovery process. Code is mapped to the ProSe Application ID for storage.
  • the process of performing the pre-mapping process can complete the process of mapping the network side entity without interacting with the network side again during the D2D discovery process, thereby effectively shortening the delay of the D2D discovery process.
  • the processing unit 304 further includes: a fourth sending unit 304G, configured to feed back, to the network side entity, a transmission performance requirement of the vehicle communication service, to enable the network
  • the side entity extends the validity period of the ProSe Application Code when the ProSe Application Code is allocated.
  • the network side entity in order to avoid inconsistency of the information obtained by the terminal side (ie, the ProSe Application Code and the ProSe Application ID), it is necessary to delete the obtained information when the timeout occurs, so when using the pre-mapping mechanism, in order to avoid When the terminal deletes the obtained information when the timeout expires, the network side entity can extend the validity period of the ProSe Application Code when the ProSe Application Code is allocated.
  • the network side entity includes: a ProSe Function, a roadside unit (RSU) that performs security association with the ProSe Function, or a base station that is securely associated with the ProSe Function.
  • RSU roadside unit
  • the roadside unit or the base station performs security association with the ProSe Function by using an AAA protocol or a Diameter protocol.
  • the present invention also proposes a terminal (not shown) including: a D2D discovery device 300 for vehicle communication as shown in FIG.
  • Figure 4 shows a V2X scenario, where the V2X scenario is on the network side.
  • the protocol entity includes, but is not limited to, an entity that is enhanced for the vehicle network control based on the D2D functional entity (ie, ProSe Function), which is mainly suitable for V2X information transmission using the D2D mechanism.
  • D2D functional entity ie, ProSe Function
  • the V2X related control can also be deployed independently with the D2D functional entity, but from the perspective of protocol simplification and reuse, the PC3 interface between the UE and the ProSe Function can be reused.
  • the RSU may be implemented by a stationary UE or by a small base station.
  • V2X message transmission including V2V and V2I, can be transmitted through the PC5 interface using the enhanced D2D protocol.
  • the terminal includes a mobile terminal and an in-vehicle terminal that are supported by a user capable of supporting the D2D protocol, and the two are indistinguishable from the perspective of a communication protocol.
  • the invention mainly proposes a method for shortening the D2D discovery delay to support the V2X short-latency transmission, that is, reducing the real-time of the terminal to the base station and the network side when transmitting the V2X message by means of pre-authorization, pre-scheduling and pre-mapping. Interact to reduce the latency of the D2D discovery process.
  • the main steps of the present invention are shown in Figure 5, including:
  • Step 502 Identify and obtain short-term delay indicator requirements.
  • the terminal learns the transmission performance requirements that need to be met, including but not limited to the delay, by interacting with the related functional entity according to the type of the Internet service. This step does not need to be triggered when the vehicle network message carried by the D2D discovery signal is to be sent, or may be configured in advance.
  • the method of configuring in advance is that under the unified coordination of the network entity, the related entities include the terminal, and the RSU and the base station configure the mapping of the service type to the D2D transmission mechanism, as shown in Table 3:
  • the method for configuring the delay indicator may adopt an application layer protocol such as Diameter (the next generation AAA protocol standard, where AAA is an abbreviation of Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting), or OAM (Operation). Administration and Maintenance, operating, managing, and maintaining protocols and ensuring the security of the configuration process.
  • Diameter the next generation AAA protocol standard, where AAA is an abbreviation of Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
  • OAM Operaation
  • Administration and Maintenance operating, managing, and maintaining protocols and ensuring the security of the configuration process.
  • Step 504 pre-authorization.
  • a pre-authorization mechanism may be introduced.
  • the pre-authorization mechanism is used to enhance the D2D discovery request and reply mechanism in the prior art, and may enable the UE to obtain the D2D service authority in advance and obtain the ProSe discovery parameter, including the ProSe Application Code.
  • the request needs to carry information such as the type of car network service to indicate the requirements for D2D transmission performance, such as short delay.
  • the purpose of the pre-registration mechanism is to enable the Internet of Vehicles to trigger the D2D discovery message without triggering the request message.
  • the pre-registration mechanism may lead to an increase in the life cycle of the D2D discovery service, it is necessary to customize the timer in the D2D discovery message for the Internet of Vehicles, such as the effective time corresponding to the ProSe Application Code.
  • the interaction between the UE and the ProSe Function is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the network entity may be a ProSe Function that provides centralized services on the network side or a ProSe Function that is localized to a local ProSe Function-enabled RSU or a nearby macro base station.
  • the RSU and the ProSe Function establish a security association through the AAA protocol to obtain other security protocols, and ensure that the RSU is a trusted car network entity.
  • 3GPP TS 23.303 has defined the PC6/PC7 interface protocol between ProSe Functions, based on Diameter. This approach can be used between RSU and ProSe Function. That is, the RSU can be configured as an AAA proxy and the ProSe Function as an AAA server.
  • Step 506 pre-scheduling.
  • the message exceeds the bit number tolerance of the D2D discovery message due to the large number of bits, multiple transmissions are required, or the number of bits exceeds the capacity of the D2D discovery message. It requires multiple transmissions to ensure reliability. It can apply for multiple D2D discovery requests at one time for short-delay car networking services.
  • a pre-scheduling mechanism can be employed.
  • the terminal can directly use the reserved resources to directly transmit the D2D discovery signal in the PSDCH without performing a separate scheduling request, without waiting for the SL grant (sublink scheduling). Message.
  • the delay can be greatly shortened for the V2X service that uses the D2D discovery mechanism of the scheduling mode to transmit the emergency collision avoidance.
  • the specific process is shown in Figure 7.
  • Step 508 pre-mapping.
  • the terminal in the present invention avoids reducing the overhead introduced when supporting the real-time early warning by acquiring the mapping relationship in advance.
  • the terminal (including the transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal) needs to decide whether the pre-mapping is required according to the V2X service requirement. If necessary, the terminal will receive the acquired ProSe Application Code and ProSe Application ID information during the D2D discovery process. This approach is based on the traditional D2D discovery process. In the case of timeout of such information, in order to avoid information inconsistency, the terminal side also needs to delete, so this optimization mechanism can only produce optimization within the timeout period. As a remedy for the solution, the terminal may indicate the V2X service requirement to the network side entity, and the network side entity lengthens the validity period when the ProSe Application Code is allocated.
  • the pre-mapping mechanism can configure the mapping information into the RSU, and the RSU can broadcast the mapping between the ProSe Application Code and the ProSe Application ID of the vehicle entering the road segment, and the terminal can obtain the mapping information from the RSU without the ProSe Function to the network side.
  • this method requires authentication negotiation and synchronization of mapping information between the RSU and the network side entity.
  • a security association needs to be established between the RSU and the ProSe Function to support these operations.
  • an implementation method is to use the Diameter protocol between the RSU and the ProSe Function, and the two constitute the relationship between the AAA proxy and the AAA server.
  • the pre-authorization mechanism, the pre-scheduling mechanism, and the pre-mapping mechanism mentioned in the foregoing embodiments of the present invention may be implemented simultaneously, or only one or more mechanisms may be implemented.
  • the above three mechanisms can be implemented simultaneously to effectively reduce the delay of the D2D discovery mechanism for interacting with the core network when the vehicle network emergency service is transmitted.
  • the present invention proposes a new D2D discovery scheme for vehicle communication, so that the terminal can minimize the interaction with the network side entity when performing the D2D discovery process. Interaction, effectively shortening the delay of the D2D discovery process, and achieving support for V2X short-latency transmission.

Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法、装置及终端，其中，所述用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，适用于终端，包括：获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求；在根据所述传输性能要求确定所述车辆通信业务具有时延限制时，通过执行向网络侧实体的预注册过程，和/或采用预分配传输资源的调度机制，和/或预先获取所述网络侧实体的标识映射信息，以在执行D2D发现过程中减少与所述网络侧实体之间的交互。通过本发明的技术方案，使得终端在执行D2D发现过程时，能够尽可能减少与网络侧实体之间的交互，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟，实现了对V2X短时延传输的支持。

Description

用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法、装置和终端 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法、一种用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法。
背景技术
目前，车联网(Internet of Vehicles)作为一种重要的3G、4G网络能够支撑的技术，逐渐得到了不断的发展。基于传统的蜂窝网络架构，可以实现部分的车联网应用，主要是V2I(Vehicle to Infrastructure，车到路通信)。然后，更多的车联网场景如V2V(Vehicle to Vehicle，车到车通信)，特别是其中涉及到紧急防撞等业务，由于对时延要求很短，因此，传统的蜂窝网络技术无法支撑。因此，借助终端直通技术(Device-to-Device，D2D)的车联网技术，被业界视为3GPP Release 14，即5G阶段的一项重要的潜在技术。
目前，3GPP SA1在TR 22.885中对车联网的使用场景和技术需求进行了统一的描述。其中，对于部分涉及安全的业务，明确了车到车的延迟不大于20ms或者100ms，表1示出了对车联网技术指标的汇总。
Figure PCTCN2015093489-appb-000001
表1
从表1所示的技术指标来看，现有的DSRC(Dedicated Short Range Communication，专用短程通信)技术以及借由基站或者网络进行V2V传输没法满足技术需求。因此，业界正在研究通过D2D技术来传输V2V紧急业务内容的方案。通过D2D技术进行V2V和V2I传输有两种可能的选择，一是采用D2D发现技术，即将V2X(Vehicle to X，车到外界通信)的应用层消息作为D2D发现消息的净荷，通过从PSDCH(Physical layer Side link Discovery Channel，物理层副链路发现信道)以广播的方式发出；另一种是采用D2D通信技术，即将V2X的应用层消息作为D2D通信数据在PSCCH(Physical layer Side link Control Channel，物理层副链路控制信道)和PSSCH(Physical layer Side link Shared Channel，物理层副链路共享信道)传输。
D2D发现有两种资源分配方式，即调度模式和资源池模式，基于这两种方式进行D2D发现时，都可能产生信令上的延迟，特别是如果网络侧实体被考虑进来时，产生的时延更多。调度模式下的D2D发现信令的传 输过程如图1所示，其中，图1中所示的延迟参数的说明如表2所示：
Figure PCTCN2015093489-appb-000002
表2
由图1可知，在调度模式下的D2D发现延迟中，UE(User Equipment，用户设备)与网络侧交互会构成较大的延迟。4个PC3接口消息的延迟，包括T(REQ)，T(RSP)，T(DECAP)会引入两个与ProSe Function的交互，进而可能会达到400ms以上的延迟，而空口的延迟在有足够D2D资源调度的情况下，可以控制在20ms以内。
可见，由于在D2D发现过程中，UE与核心网交互的时延导致现有的D2D发现机制无法支持短时延的V2X消息传输。
因此，如何能够缩短D2D发现过程的时延，以支持V2X的短时延传输成为亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明正是基于上述技术问题至少之一，提出了一种新的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方案，使得终端在执行D2D发现过程时，能够尽可能减少与网络侧实体之间的交互，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟，实现了对V2X短时延传输的支持。
有鉴于此，本发明提出了一种用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，适用于终端，包括：获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求；在根据所述传输性能要求确定所述车辆通信业务具有时延限制时，通过执行向网络侧实体的预注册过程，和/或采用预分配传输资源的调度机制，和/或预先获取所述网络侧实体的标识映射信息，以在执行D2D发现过程中减少与所述网络侧实体之间的交互。
在该技术方案中，通过在确定车辆通信业务具有时延限制时，执行向网络侧实体的预注册过程(即预注册机制)，和/或采用预分配传输资源的调度机制(即预调度机制)，和/或预先获取网络侧实体的标识映射信息(即预映射机制)，使得终端能够事先执行预注册机制和/或预调度机制和/或预映射机制，进而能够在终端执行D2D发现过程时，尽可能减少与网络侧实体之间的交互，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟，实现了对V2X短时延传输的支持。
其中，本领域技术人员需要注意的是：车辆通信可以理解为车联网通信，也可以理解为车联网的演进技术，如协作式驾驶、自动无人驾驶等，车辆通信包括：V2V、V2P(Vehicle to Individual Person，车到人通信，包括Pedestrian(步行者)、cyclist(自行车骑行者)等)、V2I等所有V2X通信。
在上述技术方案中，优选地，所述终端获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求的步骤具体包括：预配置业务类型与传输性能要求之间的对应关系；基于所述对应关系和所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型，获取所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述传输性能要求包括：时延要求、D2D传输机制、可靠性级别。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，在触发所述终端发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号之前，执行获取所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求的步骤。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，执行向所述网络侧实体的预注册过程的步骤具体包括：向所述网络侧实体发送包含有所述业务类型的D2D 发现请求；接收所述网络侧实体反馈的响应消息；其中，所述响应消息为所述网络侧实体在根据所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型确定所述车辆通信业务具有时延限制时所反馈的。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述响应消息中包含有对所述车辆通信业务的有效时间长度进行标识的信息。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，采用预分配传输资源的调度机制的步骤具体包括：通过所述网络侧实体预先调度的传输资源发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，还包括：判断待发送的所述承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号的数据量是否大于或等于预定值，若是，则预先向所述网络侧实体同时发送多个D2D发现请求。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，预先获取所述网络侧实体的标识映射信息的步骤具体包括：将在D2D发现过程中接收到的ProSe Application Code与ProSe Application ID进行映射存储。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，还包括：将所述车辆通信业务的传输性能要求反馈至所述网络侧实体，以使所述网络侧实体在分配所述ProSe Application Code时，延长所述ProSe Application Code的有效期。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述网络侧实体包括：ProSe Function、与ProSe Function进行安全关联的路侧单元(Road Side Unit，RSU)或与ProSe Function进行安全关联的基站。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述路侧单元或所述基站通过AAA协议或Diameter协议与所述ProSe Function进行安全关联。
根据本发明的第二方面，还提出了一种用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置，适用于终端，包括：获取单元，用于获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求；处理单元，用于在根据所述传输性能要求确定所述车辆通信业务具有时延限制时，通过执行向网络侧实体的预注册过程，和/或采用预分配传输资源的调度机制，和/或预先获取所述网络侧实体的标识映射信息，以在执行D2D发现过程中减少与所述网络侧实体之间的交互。
在该技术方案中，通过在确定车辆通信业务具有时延限制时，执行向网络侧实体的预注册过程(即预注册机制)，和/或采用预分配传输资源的调度机制(即预调度机制)，和/或预先获取网络侧实体的标识映射信息(即预映射机制)，使得终端能够事先执行预注册机制和/或预调度机制和/或预映射机制，进而能够在终端执行D2D发现过程时，尽可能减少与网络侧实体之间的交互，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟，实现了对V2X短时延传输的支持。
其中，本领域技术人员需要注意的是：车辆通信可以理解为车联网通信，也可以理解为车联网的演进技术，如协作式驾驶、自动无人驾驶等，车辆通信包括：V2V、V2P(Vehicle to Individual Person，车到人通信，包括Pedestrian(步行者)、cyclist(自行车骑行者)等)、V2I等所有V2X通信。
在上述技术方案中，优选地，所述获取单元具体用于：预配置业务类型与传输性能要求之间的对应关系；基于所述对应关系和所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型，获取所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述传输性能要求包括：时延要求、D2D传输机制、可靠性级别。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述获取单元具体用于：在触发所述终端发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号之前，执行获取所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求的操作。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述处理单元包括：第一发送单元，用于在执行向所述网络侧实体的预注册过程时，向所述网络侧实体发送包含有所述业务类型的D2D发现请求；接收单元，用于接收所述网络侧实体反馈的响应消息；其中，所述响应消息为所述网络侧实体在根据所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型确定所述车辆通信业务具有时延限制时所反馈的。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述响应消息中包含有对所述车辆通信业务的有效时间长度进行标识的信息。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述处理单元包括：第二发送单元，用于在采用预分配传输资源的调度机制时，通过所述网络侧实体预先调度的传输资源发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述处理单元还包括：判断单元，用于判断待发送的所述承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号的数据量是否大于或等于预定值；第三发送单元，用于在所述判断单元判定待发送的所述承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号的数据量大于或等于所述预定值时，预先向所述网络侧实体同时发送多个D2D发现请求。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述处理单元包括：存储单元，用于在需要预先获取所述网络侧实体的标识映射信息时，将在D2D发现过程中接收到的ProSe Application Code与ProSe Application ID进行映射存储。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述处理单元还包括：第四发送单元，用于将所述车辆通信业务的传输性能要求反馈至所述网络侧实体，以使所述网络侧实体在分配所述ProSe Application Code时，延长所述ProSe Application Code的有效期。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述网络侧实体包括：ProSe Function、与ProSe Function进行安全关联的路侧单元(RSU)或与ProSe Function进行安全关联的基站。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述路侧单元或所述基站通过AAA协议或Diameter协议与所述ProSe Function进行安全关联。
根据本发明的第三方面，还提出了一种终端，包括：如上述任一项技术方案中所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置。
通过以上技术方案，使得终端在执行D2D发现过程时，能够尽可能减少与网络侧实体之间的交互，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟，实现了对V2X短时延传输的支持。
附图说明
图1示出了调度模式下的D2D发现信令的传输过程示意图；
图2示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法的示意流程图；
图3示出了根据本发明的实施例的用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置的示意框图；
图4示出了根据本发明的实施例的V2X场景示意图；
图5示出了根据本发明的另一个实施例的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法的示意流程图；
图6示出了根据本发明的实施例的预授权机制的信令交互示意图；
图7示出了根据本发明的实施例的预调度机制的信令交互示意图。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是，本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施，因此，本发明的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
图2示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法的示意流程图。
如图2所示，根据本发明的一个实施例的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，适用于终端，包括：
步骤202，获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求；
步骤204，在根据所述传输性能要求确定所述车辆通信业务具有时延限制时，通过执行向网络侧实体的预注册过程，和/或采用预分配传输资源的调度机制，和/或预先获取所述网络侧实体的标识映射信息，以在执行D2D发现过程中减少与所述网络侧实体之间的交互。
在该技术方案中，通过在确定车辆通信业务具有时延限制时，执行向网络侧实体的预注册过程(即预注册机制)，和/或采用预分配传输资源 的调度机制(即预调度机制)，和/或预先获取网络侧实体的标识映射信息(即预映射机制)，使得终端能够事先执行预注册机制和/或预调度机制和/或预映射机制，进而能够在终端执行D2D发现过程时，尽可能减少与网络侧实体之间的交互，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟，实现了对V2X短时延传输的支持。
其中，本领域技术人员需要注意的是：车辆通信可以理解为车联网通信，也可以理解为车联网的演进技术，如协作式驾驶、自动无人驾驶等，车辆通信包括：V2V、V2P(Vehicle to Individual Person，车到人通信，包括Pedestrian(步行者)、cyclist(自行车骑行者)等)、V2I等所有V2X通信。
在上述技术方案中，优选地，所述终端获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求的步骤具体包括：预配置业务类型与传输性能要求之间的对应关系；基于所述对应关系和所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型，获取所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求。
在该技术方案中，通过预配置业务类型与传输性能要求之间的对应关系，以基于该对应关系和车辆通信业务对应的业务类型获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求，使得能够避免终端与相关的功能实体(如网络侧实体)进行交互来确定车辆通信业务的传输性能要求而导致时延的增加。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述传输性能要求包括：时延要求、D2D传输机制、可靠性级别。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，在触发所述终端发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号之前，执行获取所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求的步骤。
在该技术方案中，通过在触发终端发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号之前，获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求，使得能够避免在需要发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号时才获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求而导致延迟的增加，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟。其中，触发终端发送承载有车辆 通信消息的D2D发现信号之前可以理解为需要发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号之前。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，执行向所述网络侧实体的预注册过程的步骤具体包括：向所述网络侧实体发送包含有所述业务类型的D2D发现请求；接收所述网络侧实体反馈的响应消息；其中，所述响应消息为所述网络侧实体在根据所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型确定所述车辆通信业务具有时延限制时所反馈的。
在该技术方案中，通过执行预注册的过程，可以在需要执行D2D发现过程中，无需再次与网络侧实体之间交互来完成注册过程，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述响应消息中包含有对所述车辆通信业务的有效时间长度进行标识的信息。
在该技术方案中，由于采用了预注册机制，因此可能导致D2D业务的生命周期加大，因此需要网络侧实体在响应消息中增加对车辆通信业务的有效时间长度的声明，以标识该业务的生命周期较长。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，采用预分配传输资源的调度机制的步骤具体包括：通过所述网络侧实体预先调度的传输资源发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号。
在该技术方案中，通过执行预调度的过程，可以在需要执行D2D发现过程中，无需再次与网络侧之间交互来完成调度资源的过程，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，还包括：判断待发送的所述承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号的数据量是否大于或等于预定值，若是，则预先向所述网络侧实体同时发送多个D2D发现请求。
在该技术方案中，通过在判定待发送的承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号的数据量大于或等于预定值时，预先向网络侧实体同时发送多个D2D发现请求，可以避免仅发送一个D2D发现请求而导致D2D发现信号的传输时延较大的问题，有效减少了发送D2D发现信号的时长。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，预先获取所述网络侧实体的标识映 射信息的步骤具体包括：将在D2D发现过程中接收到的ProSe Application Code与ProSe Application ID进行映射存储。
在该技术方案中，通过执行预映射的过程，可以在需要执行D2D发现过程中，无需再次与网络侧之间交互来完成网络侧实体的标识映射过程，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，还包括：将所述车辆通信业务的传输性能要求反馈至所述网络侧实体，以使所述网络侧实体在分配所述ProSe Application Code时，延长所述ProSe Application Code的有效期。
在该技术方案中，由于终端侧为了避免获得的信息(即ProSe Application Code和ProSe Application ID)不一致，需要在获得的信息发生超时的情况下删除掉，因此在采用预映射的机制时，为了避免终端在超时时将获得的信息删除，可以使网络侧实体在分配ProSe Application Code时，延长ProSe Application Code的有效期。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述网络侧实体包括：ProSe Function、与ProSe Function进行安全关联的路侧单元(RSU)或与ProSe Function进行安全关联的基站。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述路侧单元或所述基站通过AAA协议或Diameter协议与所述ProSe Function进行安全关联。
图3示出了根据本发明的实施例的用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置的示意框图。
如图3所示，根据本发明的实施例的用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置300，适用于终端，包括：获取单元302和处理单元304。
其中，获取单元302，用于获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求；处理单元304，用于在根据所述传输性能要求确定所述车辆通信业务具有时延限制时，通过执行向网络侧实体的预注册过程，和/或采用预分配传输资源的调度机制，和/或预先获取所述网络侧实体的标识映射信息，以在执行D2D发现过程中减少与所述网络侧实体之间的交互。
在该技术方案中，通过在确定车辆通信业务具有时延限制时，执行向 网络侧实体的预注册过程(即预注册机制)，和/或采用预分配传输资源的调度机制(即预调度机制)，和/或预先获取网络侧实体的标识映射信息(即预映射机制)，使得终端能够事先执行预注册机制和/或预调度机制和/或预映射机制，进而能够在终端执行D2D发现过程时，尽可能减少与网络侧实体之间的交互，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟，实现了对V2X短时延传输的支持。
其中，本领域技术人员需要注意的是：车辆通信可以理解为车联网通信，也可以理解为车联网的演进技术，如协作式驾驶、自动无人驾驶等，车辆通信包括：V2V、V2P(Vehicle to Individual Person，车到人通信，包括Pedestrian(步行者)、cyclist(自行车骑行者)等)、V2I等所有V2X通信。
在上述技术方案中，优选地，所述获取单元302具体用于：预配置业务类型与传输性能要求之间的对应关系；基于所述对应关系和所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型，获取所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求。
在该技术方案中，通过预配置业务类型与传输性能要求之间的对应关系，以基于该对应关系和车辆通信业务对应的业务类型获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求，使得能够避免终端与相关的功能实体(如网络侧实体)进行交互来确定车辆通信业务的传输性能要求而导致时延的增加。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述传输性能要求包括：时延要求、D2D传输机制、可靠性级别。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述获取单元302具体用于：在触发所述终端发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号之前，执行获取所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求的操作。
在该技术方案中，通过在触发终端发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号之前，获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求，使得能够避免在需要发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号时才获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求而导致延迟的增 加，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟。其中，触发终端发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号之前可以理解为需要发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号之前。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述处理单元304包括：第一发送单元304A，用于在执行向所述网络侧实体的预注册过程时，向所述网络侧实体发送包含有所述业务类型的D2D发现请求；接收单元304B，用于接收所述网络侧实体反馈的响应消息；其中，所述响应消息为所述网络侧实体在根据所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型确定所述车辆通信业务具有时延限制时所反馈的。
在该技术方案中，通过执行预注册的过程，可以在需要执行D2D发现过程中，无需再次与网络侧实体之间交互来完成注册过程，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述响应消息中包含有对所述车辆通信业务的有效时间长度进行标识的信息。
在该技术方案中，由于采用了预注册机制，因此可能导致D2D业务的生命周期加大，因此需要网络侧实体在响应消息中增加对车辆通信业务的有效时间长度的声明，以标识该业务的生命周期较长。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述处理单元304包括：第二发送单元304C，用于在采用预分配传输资源的调度机制时，通过所述网络侧实体预先调度的传输资源发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号。
在该技术方案中，通过执行预调度的过程，可以在需要执行D2D发现过程中，无需再次与网络侧之间交互来完成调度资源的过程，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述处理单元304还包括：判断单元304D，用于判断待发送的所述承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号的数据量是否大于或等于预定值；第三发送单元304E，用于在所述判断单元304D判定待发送的所述承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号的数据量大于或等于所述预定值时，预先向所述网络侧实体同时发送多个D2D发现请求。
在该技术方案中，通过在判定待发送的承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号的数据量大于或等于预定值时，预先向网络侧实体同时发送多个D2D发现请求，可以避免仅发送一个D2D发现请求而导致D2D发现信号的传输时延较大的问题，有效减少了发送D2D发现信号的时长。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述处理单元304包括：存储单元304F，用于在需要预先获取所述网络侧实体的标识映射信息时，将在D2D发现过程中接收到的ProSe Application Code与ProSe Application ID进行映射存储。
在该技术方案中，通过执行预映射的过程，可以在需要执行D2D发现过程中，无需再次与网络侧之间交互来完成网络侧实体的标识映射过程，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述处理单元304还包括：第四发送单元304G，用于将所述车辆通信业务的传输性能要求反馈至所述网络侧实体，以使所述网络侧实体在分配所述ProSe Application Code时，延长所述ProSe Application Code的有效期。
在该技术方案中，由于终端侧为了避免获得的信息(即ProSe Application Code和ProSe Application ID)不一致，需要在获得的信息发生超时的情况下删除掉，因此在采用预映射的机制时，为了避免终端在超时时将获得的信息删除，可以使网络侧实体在分配ProSe Application Code时，延长ProSe Application Code的有效期。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述网络侧实体包括：ProSe Function、与ProSe Function进行安全关联的路侧单元(RSU)或与ProSe Function进行安全关联的基站。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，所述路侧单元或所述基站通过AAA协议或Diameter协议与所述ProSe Function进行安全关联。
本发明还提出了一种终端(图中未示出)，包括：如图3中所示的用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置300。
以下结合图4至图7详细说明本发明的技术方案。
如图4所示为V2X的场景示意图，其中，在V2X场景下，网络侧的 协议实体包括但不限于对基于D2D功能实体(即ProSe Function)增强后用于车联网控制的实体，这种方式主要适合于用D2D机制来进行V2X信息传输。
此外，V2X的相关控制也可以与D2D功能实体独立部署，但从协议简化和重用的角度出发，可以重用UE与ProSe Function之间的PC3接口。如图4所示，RSU可以由静止的UE来实现，也可以由小型的基站来实现。V2X消息传输包括V2V和V2I都可以采用增强的D2D协议即通过PC5接口来进行传输。在本发明中，终端包括了能够支持D2D协议的用户手持的移动终端和车载终端，二者从通信协议角度看并无区别。
本发明主要是提出了一种缩短D2D发现延迟，以支持V2X短时延传输的方法，即通过预先授权、预先调度和预先映射的方法，减少终端在发送V2X消息时与基站和网络侧的实时交互，以缩短D2D发现过程的延时。本发明的主要步骤如图5所示，包括：
步骤502，识别和获取短时延指标需求。
具体地，终端根据车联网业务的类型，通过与相关的功能实体交互，获知所需要满足的传输性能要求，包括但不限于时延。该步骤不需要在即将发送D2D发现信号承载的车联网消息时再触发，也可以提前配置。提前配置的方法是在网络实体的统一协调下，相关的实体包括终端，RSU和基站配置业务类型到D2D传输机制的映射，如表3所示：
Figure PCTCN2015093489-appb-000003
表3
其中，配置时延指标的方式可以采用应用层协议如Diameter(下一代AAA协议标准，其中，AAA是认证(Authentication)、授权(Authorization)和计费(Accounting)的简称)，或者采用OAM(Operation Administration and Maintenance，操作、管理和维护)协议，并保证配置过程的安全性。
步骤504，预授权。
具体地，若车联网业务有时延性能的要求和限制，则可以引入预授权机制。预授权机制用于增强现有技术中的D2D发现请求和回复机制，可以使得UE提前取得D2D业务权限并获取ProSe discovery参数，包括ProSe Application Code。该请求中需要携带车联网业务类型等信息来以指示对D2D传输性能的要求，如短时延。预注册机制的目的是使得车联网在触发D2D发现消息时，不需要再触发请求消息。
由于预注册机制可能导致D2D发现业务的生命周期加大，因此，需要对D2D发现消息中的定时器针对车联网进行定制，如对应于ProSe Application Code的有效时间。其中，UE与ProSe Function之间的交互如图6所示。
同时，为了进一步减少交互时延，该网络实体可以是网络侧提供集中式服务的ProSe Function或者将ProSe Function下放到本地的具备部分ProSe Function功能的RSU或者附近的宏基站。例如，RSU与ProSe Function之间通过AAA协议获取其他安全协议建立安全关联，保证RSU是一个可信的车联网实体。3GPP TS 23.303已经定义了ProSe Function之间的PC6/PC7接口协议，基于Diameter来实现。在RSU和ProSe Function之间可以借鉴这种方式。即RSU可以配置成一个AAA proxy(代理)，而ProSe Function作为AAA server(服务器)。
步骤506，预调度。
具体地，在预授权机制之后，为了减少D2D发现消息的传输延迟，如果该消息由于比特数多，超过D2D发现消息的比特数容限而需要多次传输，或者比特数超过D2D发现消息的容限需要多次传输以保证可靠性，可以针对短时延车联网业务，一次申请多个D2D发现请求。
此外，在调度模式下，可以采用预调度机制。在多个副链路控制周期(side link control period)，终端可以直接在PSDCH直接使用预留的资源发送D2D发现信号而不再进行单独的调度请求，不需等待SL grant(副链路调度)消息。这样，对于采用调度模式的D2D发现机制来传输紧急防碰撞的V2X业务来说，时延可以大大缩短。具体过程如图7所示。
步骤508，预映射。
在D2D发现消息的识别和解包方面，如果V2X传输重用现有的D2D发现机制，则仍然需要依赖ProSe Application Code到ProSe Application ID的映射机制，这种机制在进行标识映射时，需要与网络侧交互。为了减少与网络侧交互而增大延迟，本发明中终端通过预先获取映射关系的方法来避免减少在支持实时预警时引入的开销。
具体来说，终端(包括发送终端和接收终端)需要根据V2X业务需求来决策是否需要预映射。如果需要，则终端在执行D2D发现过程中，将接收所获取的ProSe Application Code和ProSe Application ID信息进行缓存。这种方法建立在传统D2D发现流程的基础上。由于这些信息发生超时的情况下，为了避免信息不一致，终端侧也要删除，因此这种优化机制只能在超时时间以内产生优化作用。作为对此方案的弥补措施，终端可以将V2X业务需求指示给网络侧实体，网络侧实体在分配ProSe Application Code时，将有效期加长。
同时，预映射机制可以将映射信息配置到RSU中，RSU可以对进入路段的车辆的ProSe Application Code和ProSe Application ID映射关系进行广播，终端可以从RSU获取映射信息而不需要向网络侧的ProSe Function获取，这种方法需要在RSU和网络侧实体之间进行认证协商以及映射信息的同步。RSU和ProSe Function之间需要建立安全关联以支持这些操作，如前所述，一个实施的方法是将RSU和ProSe Function之间采用Diameter协议，二者构成AAA proxy与AAA server的关系。
此外，本领域的技术人员需要理解的是：本发明上述实施例中所提到的预授权机制、预调度机制和预映射机制可以同时实现，也可以仅实现其中的一个或多个机制。优选地，可以同时实现上述的三个机制，以有效减少D2D发现机制用于车联网紧急业务传输时与核心网交互的延时。
以上结合附图详细说明了本发明的技术方案，本发明提出了一种新的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方案，使得终端在执行D2D发现过程时，能够尽可能减少与网络侧实体之间的交互，有效缩短了D2D发现过程的延迟，实现了对V2X短时延传输的支持。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，适用于终端，其特征在于，包括：
    获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求；
    在根据所述传输性能要求确定所述车辆通信业务具有时延限制时，执行向网络侧实体的预注册过程，和/或采用预分配传输资源的调度机制，和/或预先获取所述网络侧实体的标识映射信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，其特征在于，所述终端获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求的步骤具体包括：
    预配置业务类型与传输性能要求之间的对应关系；
    基于所述对应关系和所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型，获取所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，其特征在于，所述传输性能要求包括：时延要求、D2D传输机制、可靠性级别。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，其特征在于，在触发所述终端发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号之前，执行获取所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求的步骤。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，其特征在于，执行向所述网络侧实体的预注册过程的步骤具体包括：
    向所述网络侧实体发送包含有所述业务类型的D2D发现请求；
    接收所述网络侧实体反馈的响应消息；
    其中，所述响应消息为所述网络侧实体在根据所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型确定所述车辆通信业务具有时延限制时所反馈的。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，其特征在于，所述响应消息中包含有对所述车辆通信业务的有效时间长度进行标识的信息。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，其特征在 于，采用预分配传输资源的调度机制的步骤具体包括：
    通过所述网络侧实体预先调度的传输资源发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    判断待发送的所述承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号的数据量是否大于或等于预定值，若是，则预先向所述网络侧实体同时发送多个D2D发现请求。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，其特征在于，预先获取所述网络侧实体的标识映射信息的步骤具体包括：
    将在D2D发现过程中接收到的ProSe Application Code与ProSe Application ID进行映射存储。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    将所述车辆通信业务的传输性能要求反馈至所述网络侧实体，以使所述网络侧实体在分配所述ProSe Application Code时，延长所述ProSe Application Code的有效期。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，其特征在于，所述网络侧实体包括：
    ProSe Function、与ProSe Function进行安全关联的路侧单元(RSU)或与ProSe Function进行安全关联的基站。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现方法，其特征在于，所述路侧单元或所述基站通过AAA协议或Diameter协议与所述ProSe Function进行安全关联。
  13. 一种用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置，适用于终端，其特征在于，包括：
    获取单元，用于获取车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求；
    处理单元，用于在根据所述传输性能要求确定所述车辆通信业务具有 时延限制时，执行向网络侧实体的预注册过程，和/或采用预分配传输资源的调度机制，和/或预先获取所述网络侧实体的标识映射信息。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置，其特征在于，所述获取单元具体用于：
    预配置业务类型与传输性能要求之间的对应关系；
    基于所述对应关系和所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型，获取所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置，其特征在于，所述获取单元具体用于：
    在触发所述终端发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号之前，执行获取所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型所满足的传输性能要求的操作。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元包括：
    第一发送单元，用于在执行向所述网络侧实体的预注册过程时，向所述网络侧实体发送包含有所述业务类型的D2D发现请求；
    接收单元，用于接收所述网络侧实体反馈的响应消息；
    其中，所述响应消息为所述网络侧实体在根据所述车辆通信业务对应的业务类型确定所述车辆通信业务具有时延限制时所反馈的。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置，其特征在于，所述响应消息中包含有对所述车辆通信业务的有效时间长度进行标识的信息。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元包括：
    第二发送单元，用于在采用预分配传输资源的调度机制时，通过所述网络侧实体预先调度的传输资源发送承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元还包括：
    判断单元，用于判断待发送的所述承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现 信号的数据量是否大于或等于预定值；
    第三发送单元，用于在所述判断单元判定待发送的所述承载有车辆通信消息的D2D发现信号的数据量大于或等于所述预定值时，预先向所述网络侧实体同时发送多个D2D发现请求。
  20. 根据权利要求13所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元包括：
    存储单元，用于在需要预先获取所述网络侧实体的标识映射信息时，将在D2D发现过程中接收到的ProSe Application Code与ProSe Application ID进行映射存储。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元还包括：
    第四发送单元，用于将所述车辆通信业务的传输性能要求反馈至所述网络侧实体，以使所述网络侧实体在分配所述ProSe Application Code时，延长所述ProSe Application Code的有效期。
  22. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求13至21中任一项所述的用于车辆通信的D2D发现装置。
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