WO2017041060A1 - Module de capteur sans fil - Google Patents

Module de capteur sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017041060A1
WO2017041060A1 PCT/US2016/050300 US2016050300W WO2017041060A1 WO 2017041060 A1 WO2017041060 A1 WO 2017041060A1 US 2016050300 W US2016050300 W US 2016050300W WO 2017041060 A1 WO2017041060 A1 WO 2017041060A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
primary
processor
sensor module
wireless sensor
transducer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2016/050300
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Andrew Zimmerman
Gerald Roston
Original Assignee
Civionics, Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/938,198 external-priority patent/US9848280B2/en
Application filed by Civionics, Inc filed Critical Civionics, Inc
Priority to US15/573,861 priority Critical patent/US10425791B2/en
Publication of WO2017041060A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017041060A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to processing real-time transducer data for the purpose of reducing the amount of information to be transmitted.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • a wireless sensor module can include a primary body, a primary processor, a first plurality of sockets, a primary transducer, a secondary body, a secondary processor, a second plurality of sockets, a tertiary body, a tertiary transducer, and a wireless transceiver.
  • the primary processor can be mounted to the primary body.
  • the first plurality of sockets can be mounted to the primary body and can be disposed in electrical communication with the primary processor.
  • the secondary body can be releasibly mounted to the primary body through a first socket of the first plurality of sockets.
  • the secondary processor can be mounted to the secondary body.
  • the second plurality of sockets can be mounted to the secondary body and can be disposed in electrical communication with the secondary processor.
  • the primary processor and the secondary processor can be disposed in electrical communication with one another through the first socket and can be operating asynchronously.
  • the tertiary body can be releasibly mounted to the secondary body.
  • the primary transducer can be releasibly mounted to the primary body and can be disposed in electrical communication with the primary processor through a second socket of the first plurality of sockets.
  • the tertiary transducer can be releasibly mounted to the tertiary body and can be disposed in electrical communication with the secondary processor through a first socket of the second plurality of sockets.
  • the primary processor can be configured to direct the electrical signals generated by the primary transducer to the secondary processor.
  • the secondary processor can be configured to process the electrical signals generated by the primary transducer independently of the primary processor and selectively communicate output to the primary processor.
  • the wireless transceiver can be disposed in electrical communication with and controlled by the primary processor and may be controlled by the primary processor independently of the secondary processor.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic of a wireless sensor module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a wireless sensor module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a second perspective view of the wireless sensor module shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of system incorporating a wireless sensor module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Cloud and similarly cloud-based computing, cloud computing, etc.: A network of computers that is generally accessible to computers not comprising the cloud.
  • Computer Any electronic computing device. Example span the gamut from single chip, 8-bit microcontrollers to 1000-plus node super computers.
  • Socket An interface that provides both mechanical and electrical connectivity between two bodies.
  • Releasibly mounted A means of coupling two bodies together via a socket that can be operated without the need for specialized assistive tooling.
  • Process The act, by a computer, of performing algorithmic functions.
  • Stream process A type of processing wherein at least one input to the algorithm is a flow of transducer data being acquired in real-time.
  • Transducer A device which converts a first physical quantity into a second physical quantity.
  • first physical quantities include temperature (thermometer), vibration (accelerometer), varying air pressure (microphone), photonic patterns (video camera), molecular detectors (C02 sensor), etc.
  • second physical quantity is electricity with specified conditions that are easily interpreted by a computer.
  • Transducer data For clarity, there are two stages of transducer data: raw transducer data is the output from a transducer; interpreted transducer data is the result of digitizing raw transducer data by a computer.
  • the inventors have perceived that one problem associated with the monitoring systems relates to the lack of an integrated architecture.
  • the problem with these devices is that the user has to develop the entire system from the ground up - there are no systems in place placed on this architecture.
  • the actual frequency itself can typically be stored as a four byte value, if one were to perform the frequency extraction not in the node, the number of bytes that would need to be transmitted is several thousand times greater than just transmitting the frequency. Since there is overhead associated with the transmission of each byte, the energy required to transmit the raw data can be significant. To transmit these data to the cloud, when taking into account various overheads associated with creating intelligible data blocks, packet headers, etc., requires on the order of 3000+ bytes of data per second. However, the actual amount of information being transmitted is on the order of several bytes, i.e., about one percent of the amount of data transmitted.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic of a wireless sensor module 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the wireless sensor module 10 can include a subset of functional modules.
  • the wireless sensor module 10 can provide one or more interfaces to optional modules, thereby enhancing the flexibility of the system while providing the means of minimizing cost.
  • one such set of optional modules are transducer interface modules.
  • Said modules run the gamut from very simple to very complex.
  • a simple module may comprise a voltage divider network for interfacing with a thermistor.
  • a sophisticated module may comprise a dedicated microcontroller for managing a camera. It is typically the case that the module presents a common interface to the processor in order to allow application developer to easily acquire transducer data from all modules.
  • An aspect of the wireless sensor module 10 is that a plurality of wireless sensor modules 10 may form a mesh network. Having the wireless sensor modules 10 form a mesh network provides several important benefits: only a subset of them needs to have the ability to communicate with the cloud; computing resources can be shared; and patterns can be more sophisticated. These benefits lead to both reduced cost and increased robustness as redundancy can be easily incorporated into the system design.
  • An aspect of the architecture of the wireless sensor module 10 is the separation of processing capability between a primary processor and a secondary processor.
  • the secondary processor can be a stream processing module.
  • requiring the primary processor, which typically manages these timed events, to also stream process sensor data is challenging as the additional code has to work within the confines of the rigidly imposed timing constraints.
  • the means of communication between the primary processor and the secondary processor can be a standard digital interface, such as SPI or I 2 C, which means that the two processors are loosely coupled.
  • the primary processor can direct the secondary processor to act on a block of data and when the processing is done, the secondary processor can interrupt the primary processor to let it know that the results are ready. Since transducer interface modules typically operate in a similar manner, the secondary processor can appear to the primary processor as simply another sensor, thereby greatly simplifying the task of managing the data outputted by the secondary processor.
  • the secondary processor can be connected to the primary processor via at least one commonly available digital interface (USART, SPI, I 2 C, etc). Buffered direct memory access (DMA) on both processors can be used to abstract inter- processor communications from the primary processor to minimize interruption of core system functionality for the sake of communication.
  • DMA Buffered direct memory access
  • the secondary processor can be a slave to the primary processor and all communication between processors will be initiated by the primary processor.
  • the architecture can be configured to allow communications to be initiated by the secondary processor as well.
  • an overarching system objective is minimizing energy consumption and in such cases it is desirable to have both processors sleep as deeply as possible as often as possible; and as such it is not desirable to have communications channels open all of the time.
  • a single IO line can be exposed that allows the primary processor to wake up the secondary processor from a deep sleep via an asynchronous interrupt.
  • a second I/O line could be used in the opposite direction in some cases where it is advantageous for the secondary processor to have the ability to wake up the primary processor (e.g. if the secondary processor is performing autonomous tasks and detects a problem with the monitored system that demands immediate attention).
  • the primary processor to secondary processor relationship can be defined in multiple manners. For example, in one manner, the secondary processor can begin its life in a sleep state, and only wakes up to perform a task when the primary processor deems it necessary. Results of this task are then buffered and communicated back to the primary processor when requested. In another manner, the secondary processor is configured by the user to wake itself up periodically to perform a task and buffer the processed results. These results are then periodically communicated back to the primary processor when requested.
  • the primary processor handles the data acquisition tasks, with transducer data being provided to the primary processor from transducers that are releasibly connected to transducer modules that are releasibly connected to the primary body, and passes collected sensor data to the secondary processor for processing.
  • the secondary processor performs its data acquisition tasks independently from the primary processor, and processes this data after it is collected independently of the primary processor. Results are communicated back to the primary processor upon request.
  • a secondary processor may also include transducer interface functionality, thereby allowing it to directly interrogate sensors.
  • the secondary processor may perform data acquisition tasks with transducer data being provided to the secondary processor from transducers that are releasibly connected to sockets affixed to the secondary body, The secondary processor may operate on either data provided by the primary processor, data it acquires itself, or any combination thereof.
  • a tertiary body which is in electrical communication with the secondary body, in order to have a single interface that can communicate with a variety of transducers.
  • a tertiary body could include conditioning circuitry for interfacing with a rosette of strain gauges and in another embodiment, a tertiary body could contain circuitry for interfacing with an accelerometer. By placing this interface circuity on the tertiary body, a wider variety of interfaces can be enabled at lower cost all while maintaining a compact footprint.
  • the tertiary body is a special type of transducer interface card. What differentiates is from other transducer interface cards is that transducers that are connected to the tertiary body can be directly accessed by either the primary processor or the secondary processor. To avoid conflicts, the tertiary body may include a means to control which of the processors can communicate with the attached transducer(s). An approach is to use a jumper on the tertiary body that enables access to the primary or secondary processor. An approach is to use a switch that is controlled by either the primary or secondary processor to enable access to the primary or secondary processor.
  • the plurality of sockets on the primary body may be of the same type as the plurality of sockets on the secondary body, thereby allowing the same tertiary body to be used as either a secondary or tertiary body, as shown in Figure 5.
  • the secondary processor may stream process realtime transducer data.
  • the second processor may be provided a real-time stream of transducer data, such as acceleration data from a three-axis accelerometer at 200 (or more) samples per second, and may perform calculations, such as a Fast Fourier algorithm, on said data stream to reduce the 200 (or more) samples per second to a single value, e.g., the dominant frequency.
  • the output of the secondary processor can be a numerical value.
  • the primary processor can be configured to selectively transmit the output of the secondary processor through a wireless transceiver only in response the numerical value changing a predetermined amount. For example, if the secondary processor is monitoring a physical process and a numerical value associated with the physical process being measured does not change, no new information need be delivered to avoid repeatedly transmitting the same data value. Other than a periodic transmission to let the cloud know that a sensor is still functional, energy can be conserved by only transmitting a data point when its value changes so predetermined amount. This means of intelligent data management is easily handled by an on-board processor.
  • the secondary processor may directly communicate with the one or more radios found in the wireless sensor module 10.
  • Figure 1 shows a first transceiver mounted on the primary body and a second transceiver mounted on the primary body.
  • the primary processor can control the first transceiver exclusively and also be operable to selectively control the second transceiver.
  • the secondary processor can be operable to selectively control the second transceiver.
  • wireless sensor module 10 Another aspect of the wireless sensor module 10 is that each one need not contain the same suite of transducers, have the same number of radios, or perform the same computational tasks as others in the same mesh network. This aspect further provides for reducing overall system cost.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of an exemplary wireless sensor module 10.
  • a primary body 21 may be packaged within an enclosure 20 (cover omitted to reveal the internal structures of the wireless sensor module 10) that may also enclose optional batteries, such as battery 22.
  • the exemplary primary body 21 is a circuit board.
  • Features 34 can be defined on the enclosure 20 for affixing the enclosure 20 to the operating environment.
  • the wireless sensor module 10 can include a first wireless transceiver module 38 having a radio and configured for forming a mesh network.
  • the wireless sensor module 10 can also include power conditioning circuitry and other components as desired.
  • the electronics can be structured using a modular method.
  • a plurality of sockets (referenced generally at 52) can be mounted on the primary body 21 for incorporating additional transducers.
  • Transducer interface cards are referenced at 28 and are shown mounted to the primary body 21 of the wireless sensor module 10 for placing one or more transducers in electrical communication with the primary processor mounted on the primary body 21.
  • a secondary processor can be mounted on a secondary body 36 that is connected to the primary body 21 via the socket 52.
  • the secondary processor that is mounted on the secondary body 36 may optionally provide the means to serve as a transducer interface card.
  • the computational engine that powers the secondary processor may be of the same or different family or type as the processor that powers the primary processor mounted on the primary body 21.
  • a tertiary body 24 may be releasibly mounted to the secondary body 36.
  • the tertiary body 24 will typically include conditioning circuitry for interfacing with transducers by way of a socket 37.
  • the tertiary body 24 may be releasibly mounted to the primary body 21 via a socket, such as a socket similar to the socket 52.
  • the affixment to the primary body 21 may serve one or more of: providing mechanical support, providing electrical power, and providing control.
  • the tertiary body 24 may be controlled by the primary body 21, the secondary body 36, or both. This allows a tertiary body 24 to be used in applications for which the additional processing capabilities of secondary body 36 are needed and for those where they are not.
  • Any computing hardware can be used for the primary and secondary processors.
  • Preferred hardware are those processors that are compact in size, offer integrated I/O capabilities, draw little power, and are low cost.
  • An exemplary primary processor is an Atmel ATXMEGA128A3U, which provides 50 general purpose I/O lines, two analog-to-digital converters, one digital-to-analog converter, and several digital interfaces. These processors draw less than 15 mA when operating at full speed and less than 1 ⁇ when in power-save mode. In moderate quantities, these processor cost less than $3.00 apiece.
  • an exemplary secondary processor is an Atmel ATXMEGA128A3U.
  • an exemplary secondary processor is an Atmel ATUC128L3U, which provides 32 bit processing, fixed point DSP support, dual port SRAM, and other features to facilitate data processing. These processors draw approximately 15 mA when operating at full speed and less than 7 ⁇ when in power- save mode. In moderate quantities, these processor cost less than $8.00 apiece.
  • the primary processor and secondary processor may act on internally generated data. For example, either processor may monitor the battery 22 voltage and send a message when said voltage falls below a specified set point. Similarly, the primary processor and secondary processor may act on the strength of radio signals received by either the first wireless transceiver module 38 and/or the additional transceiver modules 24 and report these values to the systems' users.
  • the wireless sensor module 10 can also include a socket/connector 32 for programming and/or accepting external power.
  • a socket/connector 32 for programming and/or accepting external power.
  • multiple sockets 32 can be provided.
  • the wireless sensor module 10 can also include an output-type transducer interface card, wherein said card is used to send a signal to an external device. Said output signals would typically be routed through one of the plurality of sockets 52.
  • Secondary body 36 can also include an output-type transducer interface that is used to send a signal to an external device. The signal to an external device would typically be created via the processing done by the primary processor and/or the secondary processor.
  • the wireless sensor module 10 can be powered from wall outlets that are supplied by the power grid. Since grid failures occur regularly, and since incidents of interest could occur during a power outage, in an embodiment, battery 22 can be used to provide backup power to the wireless sensor module 10. In other embodiments, battery 22 can be the sole source of power for the wireless sensor module 10. In other embodiments, battery 22 can be the sole source of power for some of the components of the wireless sensor module 10 and other sources of power can be used for the remaining components of the wireless sensor module 10.
  • the operating voltage of the battery 22 typically depends on the voltage needs of the processor(s) and transducer(s). In certain applications, typically AA size batteries can be used, either primary cells (alkaline) or secondary cells (NiMH). In other applications, a higher operating voltage may be desirable. In such cases, lithium ion batteries, such as Tenergy 18650 may be used. In certain cases for which minimizing the size of the enclosure 20 is desirable, coin cells, such as CR2022 may be used.
  • the size of the enclosure 20 is typically determined by the size and quantity of components housed there within.
  • the approximate size of enclosure 20 is 12 cm x 7 cm x 5 cm.
  • An enclosure with similar capacity for components, but that does not provide environmental protection and ruggedness has an approximate size of 10 cm x 5 cm x 4 cm.
  • a enclosure with a primary body 21, up to two transducer interfaces cards 28, and a battery (coin-type) 22 designed for compactness has an approximate size of 4 cm x 4 cm x 2 cm.
  • a wireless sensor module 10 can be further configured to receive software updates via either the first wireless transceiver module 38 and/or an additional transceiver module 24. Upon receiving such a software update, the module would reprogram itself using said software update. This capability provides great utility as it allows users to fix problems and/or add new capabilities without having to physically access each deployed wireless sensor module 10.
  • Each wireless sensor module 10 can be identified by a globally unique identifier. Communications between a wireless sensor module 10 and the cloud may be encrypted. In an embodiment, said encryption makes use of public-key/private-key encoding and uses said globally unique identifier as the private key.
  • the socket 60 can be of the same type as the plurality of sockets 52.
  • a tertiary body 24 that has strain gage conditioning circuitry directly to the primary body 21 in cases for which lower precision readings are needed, to a secondary body 36 that has a high precision analog-to-digital converter in cases for which high precision readings are needed, and to a secondary body 36 that has a high precision analog-to-digital converter and a math coprocessor in cases for which mathematical operations performed on high precision readings are needed - all with the exact same tertiary body 24.
  • FIG 3 is another perspective view of the exemplary wireless sensor module 10.
  • a socket 60 provides a releasable connection between the secondary body 36 and the tertiary body 24.
  • the socket 60 can be one of a second plurality of sockets mounted on the secondary body 36.
  • Each of the various second plurality of sockets can provide communication with a secondary transducer.
  • the socket 60 will be sized and placed such that it will not interfere with the placement of the secondary body 36 or the tertiary body 24 relative to one another and to the primary body 21.
  • one or more sockets can be mounted on the tertiary body 24 and can each can provide communication with a tertiary transducer.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of system incorporating a wireless sensor module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the object (or person) being monitored is referenced at 40 and comprises an environment with a suite of emplaced wireless sensor modules 10.
  • a database record may be created that associates a unique identifier associated with each wireless sensor module 10 with the region of environment in which it is emplaced.
  • Each wireless sensor module 10, or network of the same can communicate with the cloud-based computers 44.
  • the communication 42 may be wireless, using, for example, WiFi or packet radio; wired Ethernet, telephone lines, etc.
  • the cloud-based computers 44 may perform several functions, including storing the data received from the instrumented environment 40, identifying patterns, accepting configuration information 46 from a user 48, and updating the operating parameters of the wireless sensor module 10 emplaced within instrumented environment 40.
  • the system may generate an alert 50.
  • Information related to the alert condition may be sent to the user 48 using predetermined forms of communication, e.g., phone, SMS, email, etc.
  • the system described offers several key benefits that overcome the shortcomings with existing inventions and directly address the previously identified needs.
  • the system provides a complete architecture that allows users to deploy wireless sensor module 10 and to start receiving information without having to develop and hardware or software.
  • the utility of the invention is high as it enabled those without significant technical expertise to benefit from the advantages of an IoT system.
  • the system disclosed is fully modular and allows the user to use a single wireless sensor module 10 to service multiple transducers. In an embodiment, up to 20 transducers can be serviced, but there is fundamental reason why a single wireless sensor module 10 could not service an untold number of transducers.
  • the modularity reduces cost and improves flexibility of the system.
  • each wireless sensor module 10 includes a radio for forming a mesh network
  • one or more of said wireless sensor module 10 may include an additional transceiver module, thereby obviating the need for a separate gateway to the cloud.
  • communication with the cloud can be achieved by way of a hard-wire interface between the wireless sensor module 10 and an external computer, wherein said external computer is part of the cloud or has the means to communicate with the cloud.
  • the modularity further allows for including one or more secondary processors. Since not all IoT applications require a secondary processor, including one in each product produced would unnecessarily raise costs and increase energy consumption. By including a secondary processor in certain wireless sensor module 10, the amount of wireless data transmission can be dramatically reduced.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un module de capteur sans fil pouvant comprendre un corps principal, un processeur principal, une première pluralité de ports, un corps secondaire, un processeur secondaire, un transducteur principal et un émetteur-récepteur sans fil. Le processeur principal et les ports peuvent être montés sur le corps principal. Le corps secondaire peut être monté de manière amovible sur le corps principal et le processeur secondaire peut être monté sur le corps secondaire. Le processeur principal et le processeur secondaire peuvent être en communication électrique l'un avec l'autre, fonctionnant de manière asynchrone. Le processeur principal peut diriger des signaux électriques générés par le transducteur principal vers le processeur secondaire. Le processeur secondaire peut traiter les signaux électriques indépendamment du processeur principal et communiquer en sortie de manière sélective vers le processeur principal. Le processeur principal peut être configuré pour commander les communications par l'intermédiaire de l'émetteur-récepteur sans fil, indépendamment du processeur secondaire.
PCT/US2016/050300 2015-09-03 2016-09-03 Module de capteur sans fil WO2017041060A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/573,861 US10425791B2 (en) 2015-09-03 2016-09-03 Wireless sensor device

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562213836P 2015-09-03 2015-09-03
US62/213,836 2015-09-03
US14/938,198 2015-11-11
US14/938,198 US9848280B2 (en) 2015-09-03 2015-11-11 Wireless sensor module
US201662327000P 2016-04-25 2016-04-25
US62/327,000 2016-04-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017041060A1 true WO2017041060A1 (fr) 2017-03-09

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PCT/US2016/050300 WO2017041060A1 (fr) 2015-09-03 2016-09-03 Module de capteur sans fil

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050210340A1 (en) * 2004-03-18 2005-09-22 Townsend Christopher P Wireless sensor system
US20060077607A1 (en) * 2004-09-10 2006-04-13 Henricks Michael C Circuit protector monitoring assembly kit and method
US20070153723A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2007-07-05 Novatel Wireless, Inc. Systems and methods for a multi-mode wireless modem
US20090058663A1 (en) * 2007-03-29 2009-03-05 Joshi Shiv P Mininature modular wireless sensor
US20100026518A1 (en) * 2008-06-26 2010-02-04 Endres + Hauser Flowtec Ag Measuring system having a sensor module and a transmitter module
US20140297219A1 (en) * 2007-12-31 2014-10-02 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Motion detector module

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070153723A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2007-07-05 Novatel Wireless, Inc. Systems and methods for a multi-mode wireless modem
US20050210340A1 (en) * 2004-03-18 2005-09-22 Townsend Christopher P Wireless sensor system
US20060077607A1 (en) * 2004-09-10 2006-04-13 Henricks Michael C Circuit protector monitoring assembly kit and method
US20090058663A1 (en) * 2007-03-29 2009-03-05 Joshi Shiv P Mininature modular wireless sensor
US20140297219A1 (en) * 2007-12-31 2014-10-02 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Motion detector module
US20100026518A1 (en) * 2008-06-26 2010-02-04 Endres + Hauser Flowtec Ag Measuring system having a sensor module and a transmitter module

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