WO2017032222A1

WO2017032222A1 - Differential planetary reducer for crane

Info

Publication number: WO2017032222A1
Application number: PCT/CN2016/094254
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王淑妍; 朱慧云; 王新国; 朱君; 唐文献
Original assignee: 江苏科技大学
Priority date: 2015-08-25
Filing date: 2016-08-09
Publication date: 2017-03-02
Also published as: CN105110221B; CN105110221A

Abstract

A differential planetary reducer for a crane is composed of a bevel gear differential gear train module, an ordinary gear train module, and an output speed governing module. The bevel gear differential gear train used by the planetary reducer has the advantages of being safe, reliable, small in size, high in space utilization, capable of implementing four revolving-speed output, facilitating integrated design, and the like.

Description

Differential planetary reducer for crane

Technical field

The invention relates to a speed reducer, in particular to a differential planetary reducer which is applied to a crane for easy integration design.

Background technique

Cranes are widely used in terminals, construction, steel plants, and other industries where heavy loads are required. The reducer is the key component on the crane to ensure the safe and reliable lifting operation. At the same time, the crane adopts different lifting speeds under no-load and load conditions, which can improve work efficiency, save working time and reduce unnecessary energy consumption.

At this stage, in order to improve the reliability and safety of the crane, two parallel shaft gear reducers are generally equipped, which are driven by a parallel structure of two motors and double reducers. This way, when one motor fails, the other motor continues to lift. Work increases the reliability of the crane work. However, the parallel drive structure comprises a ratchet pawl with complex structure, limited carrying capacity and high failure rate. At the same time, the single motor must bear the load of two motors working at the same time, so the motor power needs to be up to two for normal use. Times. The above reasons lead to the total weight of the existing lifting device, large volume, complicated structure, excessive motor power margin, high failure rate and limited reliability.

In addition, the transmission ratio of the current single-output reducer is a fixed value, and the adjustment of the lifting and lowering speed of the crane is mainly regulated by electric, especially in a large-tonnage crane, which directly leads to the lifting and lowering of the empty hook. Too long, low work efficiency, and easy to cause unnecessary energy consumption.

A literature search of the prior art found that:

(1) Chinese Patent Publication No.: CN103982598A, Announcement Date: 2014.10.01, patent name: differential planetary reducer for cranes. The patent uses a dual-motor input differential planetary gear train to decelerate, and then transmits torque through two gear pairs. When a motor fails, the lifting work is still completed at half speed, and the reliability of the reducer is greatly improved. However, the carrier as the bearing mechanism adopts one end constraint and the other end outputs, so although the structure is symmetrical, the actual force is asymmetrical; the final gear pair occupies too much space, which is greatly improved in terms of structural compactness. Space; only single-speed output can be achieved, and the flexibility of use is poor, which greatly reduces the work efficiency.

(2) China Patent Publication No.: CN103086292A, Announcement Date: 2013.05.08, the patent name is: a two-speed single output reducer and a winch and crane using the same, the patent describes a two-speed single output deceleration The machine works by decelerating through two planetary gear trains, achieving high and low speed selection through high-speed brake shafts and low-speed brake shafts. However, the necessary brake shaft brakes must be externally connected, which inevitably leads to an oversize of the overall system, which makes the reducer slightly insufficient in terms of integration. Secondly, it is reliable compared with the multi-motor input due to the single-motor input and exit. There is a lot of room for improvement in sex and safety.

(3) Chinese Patent Publication No.: CN101880015B, Authorization Date: 2012.10.10, patent name: a hoist reducer for cranes. The patent adopts two sets of planetary gear mechanisms to realize deceleration, the brake is arranged in the fixing seat of the housing, and the reel of the hoisting mechanism can be directly assembled on the cylinder of the casing, and has compact structure, small volume and high space utilization. However, the device can only achieve single-speed output, and can not flexibly select the output speed according to the load condition; only a single motor input is provided, and reliability and safety need to be improved compared with multiple motors.

Summary of the invention

The invention aims to invent a crane reduction device, which can meet the safety and reliability requirements of the crane without multiplying the power of the motor, and can also make the crane adjust the speed according to the load condition, and is structurally convenient for the motor, the reducer and the reel. The hoisting mechanism is designed in an integrated manner.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

A differential planetary reducer for a crane, comprising a reel, wherein a bevel gear differential gear train, a fixed axle wheel train and an output speed control module are arranged in the reel;

The bevel gear differential gear train includes a pair of input shafts respectively supported by two double disc frames through bearings, the axes of the pair of input shafts coincide, and each of the input shafts is respectively mounted with a sun by a key Bevel gear

a cylindrical output carrier disposed between the pair of input shafts by a bearing, the cylindrical output carrier being provided with two support shafts, the two support shaft axes coincident and perpendicular to the axis of the input shaft, Each of the support shafts is respectively mounted with a planetary bevel gear through a bearing, and the sun gear bevel gear and the planetary bevel gear mesh with each other;

The fixed axle gear comprises a fixed shaft gear, an output internal gear and a fixed shaft intermediate wheel, wherein one of the fixed shaft gears is fixedly connected to two output ends of the cylindrical output planet carrier; The shaft gear is connected to an output internal gear through the fixed-axis intermediate wheel; one end of the output internal gear is mounted on the double disc frame through a bearing, and the other end is supported by the cylindrical output planet through a bearing Rack

The output speed control module includes a drive roller, a first clutch, a second clutch, a power supply device and a controller, wherein the drive roller is located outside the output internal gear, and the two ends are connected with the output internal gear through a bearing and sealed with an oil seal The first clutch is fixed on the output internal gear, the second clutch is fixed on the cylindrical output planet carrier, and the first clutch and the second clutch are respectively provided with a power supply device, the power supply device and the control The control is connected; the drive roller is fixedly coupled to the spool.

Further, the first clutch includes two, and the base plates of the two first clutches are respectively sleeved on the outer walls of the inner ends of the two output internal gears, and the fixed disks of the two first clutches are respectively screwed The end faces of the two output internal gears are fixed; the second clutch includes two, and the base plate sets of the two second clutches are respectively sleeved on two mounting positions in the middle of the cylindrical output carrier, two The fixing plates of the second clutch are respectively fixed by screws to the mounting end faces of the cylindrical output carrier.

Further, the fixed-axis intermediate wheels are at least two pairs, and at least two pairs of fixed-axis intermediate wheels are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the fixed-axis gear.

Further, an interference fit is adopted between the fixed shaft gear and the output end of the cylindrical output carrier.

Further, the fixed shaft gear and the cylindrical output planet carrier are integrated.

Further, one end of the pair of input shafts extends out of the disc frame and is respectively connected to the power source through a coupling, and the coupling is equipped with a brake.

Further, the power source is a motor.

Advantages and benefits of the present invention:

1) The bevel gear differential gear train adopted by the invention ensures that when one motor fails, the lifting operation can be continued only by relying on another motor, and the output power of the normally working motor is not suddenly changed, which satisfies Safe and reliable requirements for crane reducers;

2) The dual output of the invention can realize four kinds of speed output under the combination of single, double motor and double output, so that the lifting mechanism can adjust the speed according to the load condition, and when lifting the heavy object, the low speed output is selected. When no load or light load, choose With high-speed output, it saves working time, improves production efficiency and reduces unnecessary energy consumption;

3) The whole structure of the invention is symmetrically arranged, and the reel is directly set outside the reducer housing, the volume is small, the space utilization rate is high, and the hoisting mechanism formed by the motor, the reducer and the reel has a compact overall structure, and is convenient to realize the integrated design. .

DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention;

In the figure, 1 and 1' are motors; 2 and 2' are couplings; 3 and 3' are brakes; 4 and 4' are input shafts; 5 and 5', 31 and 31', 32 and 32', 44 And 44' are cylindrical roller bearings; 6 and 6', frame; 7 and 7', 18 and 18' are sleeves; 8 and 8', 25 and 25', 37 and 37' are bearing end caps; And 9' are sealing rings; 10 and 10', 27 and 27', 39 and 39' are keys; 11 and 11' are sun gear bevel gears; 12 and 12', 28 and 28', 40 and 40' are blocked Rings; 13 and 13', 29 and 29', 41 and 41' are shaft end nuts; 14 is a cylindrical output planet carrier; 15 and 15', 17 and 17' are tapered roller bearings; 16 and 16' are Planetary bevel gears; 19 and 19' are planetary axle end stops; 20 and 20' are support shafts; 21 and 21' are fixed-shaft gears; 22 and 22', 34 and 34' are gear shafts; 23 and 23' , 35 and 35' are deep groove ball bearings; 24 and 24', 36 and 36' are spring retaining rings; 26 and 26', 38 and 38' are fixed-axis intermediate wheels; 30 and 30' are output internal gears; And 33', 45 and 45' are oil seals; 42 and 42' are first clutches, 43 and 43' are second clutches; 46 is a drive roller; and 47 is a reel.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1 , an embodiment of a differential planetary reducer for a crane according to the present invention, the pair of input shafts 4 respectively connected to the two motors 1 , 1 ′ through the couplings 2 , 2 ′, 4', supported by the cylindrical roller bearings 5, 5' in the frame 6, 6', two sets of symmetrically distributed cylindrical roller bearings 5, 5' inner ring with the sleeve 7, 7' for axial positioning, the cylinder The outer ring of the roller bearing 5, 5' is pressed by the bearing end caps 8, 8' and sealed by the sealing ring 9, 9'; the two sun gear bevel gears 11, 11' are respectively outputted with the two input shafts 4, 4' The end keys are connected, and the retaining rings 12, 12' and the two shaft end nuts 13, 13' are respectively pressed on the inner side of the two sun gear bevel gears 11, 11';

The two ends of the cylindrical output carrier 14 are respectively fitted on the two input shafts 4, 4' by a pair of tapered roller bearings 15, 15', and the two planetary bevel gears 16, 16' pass through two tapered rollers The bearings 17, 17' are mounted on the two support shafts 20, 20', and two sleeves 18, 18' are provided on the outside of the two planetary bevel gears 16, 16', and two planetary axle ends are provided on the inner side. The cover 19, 19', the two planetary axle end stops 19, 19' respectively press the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing 17, 17' and leave a gap between the two planetary bevel gears 16, 16', two The sleeves 18, 18' and the two planet axle end stops 19, 19' collectively constrain the axial position of the two planetary bevel gears 16, 16'; the two support shafts 20, 20' pass through the cylindrical planet carrier 14 Mounting holes and fixed connections to them.

Two sun gear bevel gears 11, 11' and a cylindrical output planet carrier 14 fitted over the two input shafts 4, 4' and mounted on the cylindrical output planet carrier by two tapered roller bearings 17, 17' The two planetary bevel gears 16, 16' on the 14 constitute a bevel gear differential gear train.

The gear shafts 22, 22', 34, 34' are respectively supported by the deep

groove ball bearings

23, 23', 35, 35' in the two frames 6, 6', and the

spring retaining rings

24, 24', 36, 36' restricts the axial movement of the gear shafts 22, 22', 34, 34', and presses the bearing outer ring with the

bearing end caps

25, 25', 37, 37'; four fixed-axis intermediate wheels 26, 26', 38, 38' are respectively connected with four gear shafts 22, 22', 34, 34' drive end keys, and four gear shafts 22, 22', 34, 34' are respectively driven by four shaft end retaining rings 28, 28', 40, 40' and the shaft end nuts 29, 29', 41, 41' press the four fixed-axis intermediate wheels 26, 26', 38, 38'; the outer ends of the two output internal gears 30, 30' It is connected to the two frames 6 and 6' by two cylindrical roller bearings 32, 32', respectively, and sealed by oil seals 33, 33', and the inner end passes through cylindrical roller bearings 31, 31' and the cylindrical output carrier 14 connections.

The four fixed-axis intermediate wheels 26, 38, 26', 38' and the two fixed-shaft gears 21, 21' on the cylindrical output carrier 14 and the two output internal gears 30, 30' mesh with each other to form a fixed-axis wheel system.

The output speed control module includes a drive roller 46, first clutches 42, 42', second clutches 43, 43', a power supply device and a controller, wherein the drive roller 46 is located at two output internal gears 30, 30 Externally, the two ends are respectively connected to the two output internal gears 30, 30' through bearings and sealed with an oil seal; the two first clutches 42, 42' are respectively fixed to the two output internal gears 30, 30', two Two clutches 43, 43' are respectively fixed on the cylindrical output carrier 14, the controller is for controlling the power supply device to the two first clutches 42, 42', the two second clutches 43, 43 'Power or loss of power.

The base sets of the two first clutches 42, 42' are respectively sleeved outside the inner ends of the two output internal gears 30, 30', and the fixed plates of the two first clutches 42, 42' are respectively screwed and The end faces of the output internal gears 30, 30' are fixed; the base sets of the two second clutches 43, 43' are respectively sleeved on two mounting positions in the middle of the cylindrical output carrier 14, two second clutches The fixing discs of 43 and 43' are respectively fixed by screws to the mounting end faces of the cylindrical output carrier 14; the driving drum 46 is located outside the two output internal gears 30, 30', and the two ends are respectively connected to the two outputs. The gears 30, 30' are bearing connected and sealed with oil seals 45, 45'.

As a further preferred embodiment of the differential planetary reducer for a crane of the present invention, an interference fit is adopted between the two fixed-shaft gears 21, 21' and the output end of the cylindrical output carrier 14, and both It is processed into a member to ensure that the rotational speeds of the two fixed shaft gears 21, 21' rotate synchronously with the cylindrical output carrier 14.

As a further preferred embodiment of the differential planetary reducer for a crane according to the present invention, the fixed-axis intermediate wheel of the fixed-shaft train portion can be provided with two or more pairs according to specific use conditions, and the plurality of pairs of fixed-axis intermediate wheels are The top gears are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

As a further preferred embodiment of the differential planetary reducer for a crane of the present invention, the outer edge shape of the cylindrical output carrier 14 is changed in accordance with the shape of the base block of the selected centrifugal clutch.

The working process of the speed reducer of the invention is:

Since there is a bevel gear differential gear train in the core of the reducer, the gear ratio formula is

Where Z ₁ and Z ₃ are the number of teeth of the sun gear bevel gears 11 and 11', respectively, and Z ₁ = Z ₃ , n ₁ and n ₃ are the rotational speeds of the sun gear bevel gears 11 and 11', respectively; Z ₂ represents the planet The number of teeth of the bevel gear, n _H represents the rotational speed of the cylindrical output carrier 14.

When both motors 1 and 1' are working normally, the power is input through a pair of input shafts 4 and 4', respectively, and the two sun gear bevel gears 11 and 11' are rotated to drive the two planetary bevel gears 16 and 16 'When the two support shafts 20 and 20' are rotated independently, respectively, the cylindrical output carrier 14 revolves around the center lines of the two output shafts 4 and 4'. At this time, the movement of the cylindrical output carrier 14 is The motion of the two bevel gear sun gears 11 and 11' is combined and its size is

When one of the two motors 1 or 1' fails, the corresponding brake 3 or 3' on the coupling 2 or 2' locks it, then there are n ₁ =0 or n ₃ =0, cylindrical The output carrier 14 speed becomes

or

The normal working motor continues to work, the differential gear train is converted to the planetary gear train, and the rotational speed of the cylindrical output carrier 14 is reduced to half of the normal working motor speed. The output power of the normal working motor does not change suddenly. To the protection effect, the entire hoisting mechanism operates normally, but the speed is reduced.

The two fixed-axis gears 21, 21' on the cylindrical output carrier 14 are meshed with the four fixed-axis intermediate wheels 26, 38, 26', 38', and the four fixed-axis intermediate wheels are respectively combined with two output internal gears. 30, 30' meshing, driving the two output internal gears 30, 30' to rotate about the center line of the two input shafts 4, 4'.

When the reel needs to rotate at a low speed during heavy load, the friction discs in the two first clutches 42, 42' in the output speed regulating module are ejected, and are pressed against the transmission drum 46, while the two

second clutches

43 and 43 are simultaneously pressed. 'The friction disc retracts, causing the transmission of the cylindrical output carrier 14 and the drive drum 46 to be interrupted; the two output internal gears 30, 30' drive the drive drum 46 to rotate, so that the reel 47 fixedly connected to the drive drum 46 will The low speed rotation is achieved by the output internal gear speed.

When the reel 47 is in light load or empty working condition, high speed rotation is required, and the friction discs of the two first clutches 42, 42' in the output speed regulating module are retracted, and the friction in the two second clutches 43 and 43' The disk is ejected, pressed against the driving drum 46, and the transmission of the internal gear and the driving drum 46 is interrupted; the cylindrical output carrier 14 drives the driving drum 46 to rotate, so that the reel 47 fixedly connected to the driving drum 46 is rounded. The rotational speed of the cylindrical output carrier 14 achieves high speed rotation.

Claims

A differential planetary reducer for a crane, comprising: a reel, wherein a bevel gear differential gear train, a fixed axle wheel train and an output speed control module are arranged in the reel;

The bevel gear differential gear train includes a pair of input shafts respectively supported by two double disc frames through bearings, the axes of the pair of input shafts coincide, and each of the input shafts is respectively mounted with a sun by a key Bevel gear

a cylindrical output carrier disposed between the pair of input shafts by a bearing, the cylindrical output carrier being provided with two support shafts, the two support shaft axes coincident and perpendicular to the axis of the input shaft, Each of the support shafts is respectively mounted with a planetary bevel gear through a bearing, and the sun gear bevel gear and the planetary bevel gear mesh with each other;

The fixed axle gear comprises a fixed shaft gear, an output internal gear and a fixed shaft intermediate wheel, wherein one of the fixed shaft gears is fixedly connected to two output ends of the cylindrical output planet carrier; The shaft gear is connected to an output internal gear through the fixed-axis intermediate wheel; one end of the output internal gear is mounted on the double disc frame through a bearing, and the other end is supported by the cylindrical output planet through a bearing Rack

The output speed control module includes a drive roller, a first clutch, a second clutch, a power supply device and a controller, wherein the drive roller is located outside the output internal gear, and the two ends are connected with the output internal gear through a bearing and sealed with an oil seal The first clutch is fixed on the output internal gear, the second clutch is fixed on the cylindrical output planet carrier, and the first clutch and the second clutch are respectively provided with a power supply device, the power supply device and the control The control is connected; the drive roller is fixedly coupled to the spool.
A differential planetary reducer for a crane according to claim 1, wherein said first clutch comprises two, and two base seats of said first clutch are respectively sleeved inside said two output internal gears On the outer wall of the end, the fixed discs of the two first clutches are respectively fixed by screws and the end faces of the two output internal gears; the second clutch comprises two sets of base plates of the two second clutches respectively In the two mounting positions in the middle of the cylindrical output carrier, the fixed disks of the two second clutches are respectively fixed by screws to the mounting end faces of the cylindrical output carrier.
A differential planetary reducer for a crane according to claim 1, wherein said fixed-axis intermediate wheels are at least two pairs, and at least two pairs of fixed-axis intermediate wheels are uniformly arranged along a circumferential direction of said fixed-axis gears .
A differential planetary reducer for a crane according to claim 1, wherein an interference fit is used between the fixed shaft gear and the output end of the cylindrical output carrier.
A differential planetary reducer for a crane according to claim 1, wherein the fixed shaft gear and the cylindrical output carrier are integrally formed.
The differential planetary reducer for a crane according to claim 1, wherein one end of the pair of input shafts extends out of the disc frame and is respectively coupled to the power source through a coupling, and the coupling Both are equipped with brakes.
A differential planetary reducer for a crane according to claim 6, wherein said power source is a motor.