WO2017025012A1 - 绳控液压缸波浪发电机 - Google Patents

绳控液压缸波浪发电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017025012A1
WO2017025012A1 PCT/CN2016/094015 CN2016094015W WO2017025012A1 WO 2017025012 A1 WO2017025012 A1 WO 2017025012A1 CN 2016094015 W CN2016094015 W CN 2016094015W WO 2017025012 A1 WO2017025012 A1 WO 2017025012A1
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Prior art keywords
rope
cable
pulley
floating body
anchor
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PCT/CN2016/094015
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English (en)
French (fr)
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曲言明
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曲言明
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Publication of WO2017025012A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017025012A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/187—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem and the wom directly actuates the piston of a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/1875—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem and the wom is the piston or the cylinder in a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wave power generation system and belongs to the field of wave power generation.
  • CN 103104408 A is the prior art closest to the present invention, and the listed rope control device has many problems, such as spring fatigue, small rope gathering force, and its weight-receiving method, such as installation on the anchor base, is performed.
  • the distance between the mechanism and the ground is limited, and the movement of the weight is limited. If it is suspended in the water, there are problems such as unbalanced tension, deflection of the actuator, winding of the rope, and waterproofing.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder wave generator, which can realize a hydraulic cylinder with limited stroke for large waves, adapt to tidal changes, and has a good rope collecting effect and high wave utilization.
  • a rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder wave generator including wave energy conversion system (Wave Engergy Converter, hereinafter referred to as WEC), rope control device, gravity anchor, wave energy acquisition and conversion system is located on the water surface, and the rope control device includes two The relative motion controllable members are respectively the frame and the elongated member of the rope control mechanism, and when the frame is on the upper and the elongated member is below, the top of the frame serves as a connection point with the wave energy collection conversion system, and The bottom end of the elongated member serves as a connection point with the gravity anchor, and when the frame is on the lower elongated member, the frame serves as a connection point with the gravity anchor, and the top end of the elongated member acts as a wave energy acquisition conversion system Connection point.
  • WEC wave energy conversion system
  • rope control device includes two The relative motion controllable members are respectively the frame and the elongated member of the rope control mechanism, and when the frame is on the upper and the elongated member is below, the top of
  • Section II Single float & differential pressure return type WEC, including floating body and hydraulic system;
  • the structure of the floating body can be understood as: a closed casing, the center penetrates a vertical straight pipe, and then the casing part in the straight pipe is removed, thereby forming a fully enclosed casing with a through hole at the center;
  • a fairlead/double roller cable clamp is installed at the lower outlet of the through hole of the floating body, and three legs of one tripod are fixed on the top surface of the floating body, and the top end of the tripod is directly above the through hole,
  • the top of the tripod is connected to the top end of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder with a flexible/universal connection.
  • the rope connected to the piston rod of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder is successively connected from the center of the floating body to the cable guide/double roller guide mounted on the bottom surface of the floating body.
  • the generator and the hydraulic system except the single-acting hydraulic cylinder are all in the floating body cavity;
  • the hydraulic system hydraulic circuit circulation route is a single-acting hydraulic cylinder with a rod cavity, One-way valve, high-pressure accumulator, hydraulic motor, low-pressure accumulator, and admission check valve;
  • a telescopic tube is sleeved on the piston rod of the hydraulic pipe, and one end of the telescopic tube is sealingly abutted with the piston rod handle, and the other end is butted to the side of the cylinder block of the hydraulic cylinder, but the upper part of the telescopic tube should have a gap and the outside.
  • the drain pipe of the hydraulic cylinder is taken out from the top of the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, one way is taken out from the cavity of the bottom end of the telescopic tube, the two paths are integrated downwardly, and then drilled into the equipment compartment from the top of the equipment compartment.
  • a buoyancy chamber is added on the basis of the above, and the floating body is used as an equipment cabin; the buoyancy chamber is an annular floating body; and the buoyancy chamber can be connected to the equipment cabin in two ways:
  • the inner hole of the buoyancy bellows is slightly larger than the outer contour of the equipment compartment, and the equipment compartment is embedded in the inner hole of the buoyancy chamber.
  • the buoyancy chamber and the equipment compartment can be bolted together or at the top of the equipment tank.
  • a limit flange is provided at the bottom of the inner hole of the cover or the buoyancy collar, or the inner surface of the inner hole of the buoyancy chamber or the outer side of the equipment compartment is a thick and thin tapered surface, and the equipment compartment wedge Into the inner hole of the buoyancy chamber;
  • the other type is superimposed, that is, the inner hole of the buoyancy bellows is smaller than the outer contour of the equipment compartment, and the bottom surface of the equipment compartment is fixed to the top surface of the buoyancy tank.
  • the double roller guide cable is changed to be installed at the outlet below the inner hole of the buoyancy bellows; the bottom end of the piston rod of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder is successively installed from the inner hole of the equipment compartment, the inner hole of the buoyancy collar, and installed in the buoyancy chamber a bottom cable guide/double roller cable cutter passes through the rear connection control device;
  • Section III Double floating body & gravity reset type WEC, divided into A type and B type, double floating body & gravity reset type A WEC including column total, annular floating body, ⁇ bracket / three leg frame, hydraulic system:
  • the column can generally be in the following four forms:
  • a vertical column placed vertically which is in the shape of a cylinder or a polygonal cylinder, and the bottom end of the top opening is closed;
  • the bottom surface of the hollow column is integrally formed with a top surface of an underwater buoyancy tank, and the underwater buoyancy chamber is a hollow shell or foam plastic having a cylindrical or ellipsoid shape;
  • the bottom surface of the column is consolidated with a top surface of the underwater buoyancy chamber, and the bottom surface of the underwater buoyancy chamber is consolidated with the top surface of a vertical rod/vertical tube, and the whole is formed by the three;
  • the weight of the vertical column inserted vertically in the water is greater than its own weight, that is, the column can float in the water as a whole;
  • the column is aligned with the underwater buoyancy chamber, the vertical tube, the vertical rod, and the center line in the vertical direction of the three;
  • An annular floating body is sleeved on the column, and a certain gap exists between the inner wall of the ring and the side of the column, and the top surface of the annular floating body is fixed with a ⁇ bracket/three leg frame, and the center and the column of the ⁇ bracket/three leg frame
  • the overall axis coincides, the piston rod handle of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder is connected with the center of the bottom surface of the ⁇ bracket/three-legged beam, and the end of the cylinder of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder is connected with the bottom surface of the column chamber, and the oil circulation route of the hydraulic system is:
  • the open type oil tank, the admission check valve, the rod chamber of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder, the quasi-out check valve, the accumulator, the hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor drive the generator to generate electricity;
  • the specific structure of the double floating body & gravity reset type B is: one column is generally arranged, vertically placed, the bottom end of the top opening is closed, an annular floating body is sleeved on the column, and there is a certain gap between the inner wall of the ring and the side of the column, and the annular floating body top
  • the ⁇ bracket/three leg frame is fixed on the surface, the center of the ⁇ bracket/three leg frame coincides with the axis of the column, and the piston rod of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder is connected with the center of the bottom surface of the ⁇ bracket/three-legged top beam, single-acting hydraulic pressure
  • the other end of the cylinder block is connected to the inner bottom surface of the column chamber, and the hydraulic system pipeline circulation route is: an open type oil tank, an admission check valve, a rod cavity of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder, a quasi-out check valve, and an energy storage.
  • the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic motor drive the generator to generate electricity; the column does not have to be
  • a pulley pulley frame is connected with the bottom surface of the floating body, one end of the rope is connected to one heavy block, the other end is extended upward, the pulley is bypassed and then extended downward, and finally the whole column is attached;
  • the weight is annular, and is sleeved on the lower part of the column, and the inner side of the ring of the weight has a gap with the overall side of the column, and each side of the weight is tied with a rope, and the other end of the two ropes Extending upwardly, and then extending downwardly around a pulley above it, and finally connected to the column as a whole, the pulley frame of the two pulleys is connected to the bottom surface of the annular floating body, and the two connection points are symmetrical about the axis of the column;
  • Section IV For the aforementioned WEC: also includes a tension spring weight mechanism, specifically:
  • the structure is: one end of a tension spring is connected with a weight, the other end of the tension spring is connected with a rope, and the other end of the rope extends upwards around a pulley and then extends downward, and finally the system is attached.
  • the pulley frame of the pulley is connected to the bottom surface of the annular floating body;
  • the weight is annular, and is sleeved on the lower part of the column, and a gap exists between the inner side of the weight ring and the overall side of the column;
  • the specific structure is: a connection point of a rope connected to the rope control device, the rope The other end of the child extends upwardly around a pulley and then extends downwardly and is attached to one end of the tension spring.
  • the other end of the tension spring is connected with a weight, and the pulley frame of the pulley is connected with the bottom surface of the floating body;
  • the bottom of the floating body is fixed to the top end of a vertical pipe
  • the fairlead/double roller fairlead is installed at the outlet of the bottom end of the vertical pipe
  • the pulley is installed at an opening of the upper portion of the vertical pipe
  • the pulley axis is perpendicular to the vertical pipe shaft section where the hole is located, the pulley is half exposed outside the vertical pipe, half is in the vertical pipe, the tension spring is connected to the weight at one end, and the rope is connected to the other end. After the other end is wound upwards around the pulley at the hole, it enters the vertical pipe and extends downwards. After passing through another cable guide at the bottom end of the vertical pipe, it extends downward and finally connects to the control rope.
  • the weight is ring-shaped and fits over The vertical pipe has a gap between the inner side of the ring and the outer wall of the vertical pipe;
  • the rope control device comprises a rope control electrical module and a rope control mechanism, wherein the rope control mechanism comprises a frame, a linear rotary motion conversion and attachment mechanism, an anti-wrap mechanism, an electric control actuator, and a top and a top of the frame of the actuator
  • the wave energy acquisition conversion system connection the rotation member of the linear rotation conversion mechanism is connected to the rotor shaft of the electric control device through the main shaft, and can also be linked with the rotor of the electric control device through a chain/gear/belt transmission mechanism;
  • the stator of the electric control actuator is fixed on the frame, and the main shaft of the rotary member of the linear rotary motion conversion mechanism is mounted on the frame through the bearing & the seat; the linear rotary motion conversion and the auxiliary mechanism thereof are respectively ;
  • the first type, the roller sprocket + roller chain type control rope mechanism is: a vertical straight tube is fixed at the bottom end of the rack, a counterweight is in the straight cylinder and has a certain gap with the inner wall of the straight cylinder, and one end of the roller chain is matched with Heavy, the other end is wound upwards and then extends downwards, and enters one end of a straight rope connected to a rope. The other end of the rope passes through the vertical through hole on the counterweight and continues to extend downward. After passing through the fairlead/double roller cable clamp installed at the bottom end of the straight cylinder, continue to be tied down on the gravity anchor;
  • the ring sprocket + ring chain, or friction wheel + rope type one end of the chain is connected to the gravity anchor, and the other end is upwardly passed through the cable guide / double roller cable mounted at the bottom end of the frame of the rope control mechanism After clamping, continue to extend upwards, bypass the ring sprocket, and then pass down through another cable guide/double roller cable clamp installed at the bottom of the frame, continue to extend downward, and finally connect a weight;
  • the ring sprocket + chain can also be replaced by a friction wheel + a rope, one end of which is connected to the gravity anchor, and the other end is upwardly passed through a cable guide/double roller cable clamp installed at the bottom end of the rope control mechanism frame. After bypassing the friction wheel, and then passing down through another cable guide/double roller cable clamp installed at the bottom end of the rope control mechanism frame, continue to extend downward, and finally connect a weight;
  • the third type main and secondary reel + main and auxiliary rope type, specifically: the main reel and the sub reel are linked by a gear/chain transmission mechanism or connected by a main shaft, and one end of the main rope is fixed and wound around the main reel
  • the other end of the main rope is passed down through a cable guide/double roller cable clamp installed at the bottom end of the rope control mechanism frame, and then continues downward, and finally connected to the rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder wave generator.
  • the gravity anchor one end of the secondary cable is fixed and wound on the secondary reel, and the other end of the secondary cable is connected through another cable guide/double roller cable clamp installed at the bottom end of the rope control mechanism frame.
  • the rope collecting member can also be replaced with a tension spring, and the other end of the tension spring is fixed on the frame;
  • the rope/loop/main rope between the rotating member of the linear rotary motion conversion mechanism and the gravity anchor is defined as a power cable, and the rope/ring/pair between the rotating member and the weight Rope cable, defined as a reset cable;
  • the anti-wrap mechanism has the following types:
  • the first type, single catenary side pull type one end of the suspension chain is attached to the weight, the other end extends downward to one side, and finally connected to another anchor, the catenary can also be replaced For a piece of rope, the middle of the rope is heavy;
  • the side chain of the anchor chain one end of the rope is connected to the counterweight, the other end extends to a side for a distance and then extends downwards around a pulley, and finally connects a weight;
  • the pulley frame of the pulley is used Anchoring the wave generator floating body or nearby The flexible/universal connection of one of the middle sections of one of the other mooring mooring systems; the weight can also be omitted, so that the end of the reset cable is directly connected to one end of the rope, and the weight is used as a rope Counterweight used;
  • the third type the side-by-side pull type: a buoy is added at a certain distance around the floating body of the rope-controlled wave generator, the floating body and the buoy are anchored at a certain position by a mooring system, and one end of a rope is attached to the counterweight Above, the other end extends below the buoy, extends downwards around a pulley, and finally connects a weight.
  • the pulley frame of the pulley is connected to the bottom surface of the buoy by a second rope; the weight can also be omitted, and the end of the reset cable is allowed Directly connected to the rope, and the weight is used as a weight for collecting the rope;
  • the fourth type the lateral standard side pull type: one end of the rope is connected to the counterweight, the other end extends downward to one side, then extends around a pulley and then extends upward, and finally connects an underwater float, the pulley of the pulley
  • the frame is connected to the other end of the anchor base in a flexible/universal manner; or the weight is omitted, that is, the end of the reset cable coming down from the floating body is directly connected to one end of a rope, and the other end of the rope extends downward to one side, and then After winding a pulley and connecting a float, the pulley pulley frame is connected with the other anchor base flexible/universal; preferably: the above four kinds of weight-containing anti-wrap mechanism, the side pull weight rope/ catenary Instead of directly connecting to the counterweight, the weight is connected by a rigid straight rod, that is, the end of the rope/cantilever is connected to one end of the hard straight rod, and the other end of the hard straight rod is connected
  • the rope control mechanism has two sets of the same coaxial ring sprocket/friction wheel/main reel with a certain axial distance and the supporting energy cable. Passing through the respective fairleader/dual roller fairleader at the bottom end of the frame and continuing to extend downwardly, respectively, passing through two vertical through holes at a distance from the counterweight, and finally connected to the gravity anchor ;
  • the upper and lower entrances and exits of the vertical holes on the counterweight are equipped with a cable guide/double roller cable guide for guiding the rope to enter; preferably: a tension distribution mechanism is also provided, which has three designs:
  • Design 1 Adopting the pulley method, that is, the two energy-generating cables that are to be connected to the gravity anchor extending downward from the rope control mechanism, and are merged into a pile near the gravity anchor and bypass a pulley, the pulley The gravity anchor anchor/universal connection of the pulley frame;
  • Design 2 The connection between the wave energy acquisition and conversion system and the rope control mechanism adopts a U-ring method, that is, one end of the short shaft is fixed on the left side of the control rope mechanism frame, and one end of the other short shaft is also fixed on the right side.
  • Two short-axis coaxial lines respectively inserted into two holes of a U-shaped ring, the outer side of the middle portion of the U-shaped ring being connected with the wave energy acquisition conversion system; the short axis axis and two The position of the two fairleaders/double roller guides through which the root can be passed is vertical and coincides with the midpoint of the line;
  • Design 3 The two energy-harvesting cables are not connected to the gravity anchor first, and then the two ends of a hard straight rod are respectively connected first, and the hard straight rod is connected to the gravity anchor through a V-shaped rope, that is, two of the V-shaped ropes. The top end is respectively connected with the two ends of the hard straight rod, and the bottom end of the V-shaped rope is connected with the gravity anchor flexible/universal;
  • connection between the wave energy collection conversion system and the control rope mechanism frame adopts a U-ring/single rope/V-shaped rope connection manner;
  • the U-shaped ring connection is the connection mode of the design 2
  • the single rope connection means one cable is connected at one end
  • the other end of the WEC is connected to a point on the top of the frame of the rope control mechanism, and the point is to be at the intersection of the center line of the two energy cables and the top end of the rope control mechanism;
  • the V-shaped rope connection mode is: V The plane of the rope is first parallel to the two straightened energy cables, then the bottom end of the V-rope is placed on the extension of the centerline, and then the top ends of the V-rope are connected to the rope control frame. a top end; the bottom end of the V-shaped rope is connected to the WEC; preferably: the plane of the V-shaped rope coincides with the plane of the two energy-generating cables;
  • the seventh type the double catenary block type: one side of each side of the weight connected to the reset cable is an anchor chain, the two anchor chains are separated from the two sides, and the other end of each chain is connected to the other end.
  • Anchor base the anchor chain can also be replaced by an anchor cable, but should be heavy in the middle of the anchor cable;
  • the weight can also be omitted, so that the reset cable is directly connected with the two anchor chains/anchor cables to form an inverted Y-shaped structure; preferably, the lower half of the cable can be replaced by a hard straight rod, the bottom end of the hard straight rod and the gravity Anchor flexible/universal connection;
  • the frame of the rope control mechanism is a semi-closed case having an opening only on the bottom surface, the bottom surface of the case is connected with a vertical straight tube, the bottom end of the straight tube is closed, and the top end is open and the housing of the rope control mechanism Combined into one cavity, the weight is in the straight cylinder, and there is a gap with the inner wall of the straight cylinder, and the cable guide/double roller cable cutter passing through the reset cable above the weight is omitted, and the guide wire passing through the cable is passed.
  • the cable/double roller cable clamp is installed on the outer side of the bottom of the slider; the weight can also be replaced by a tension spring, and the other end of the tension spring is fixed at the bottom of the slider;
  • the ninth type, wearing anchor type the frame of the rope control mechanism is constrained in the rotation direction (for example, the means may be: the top of the rack is fixed with the bottom of the wave generator floating body, and the floating body is anchored by multi-point mooring Under the premise of not being able to rotate, the anti-wrap mechanism can be used, and the gravity anchor is suspended in the water.
  • the anchors are directly connected: the gravity The two sides of the anchor are respectively connected to one end of two ropes which are suspended from the upper fork, and the other ends of the two ropes are respectively connected with a float at a certain distance on the sea surface, the two floats are anchored; : a cable is wound from a groove pulley, the gravity anchor tip is fixed to the pulley frame of the pulley, and the two ends of the cable are respectively connected to two floats separated by a certain distance on the sea surface, Two floats are anchored;
  • a cable guide/double roller cable clamp is installed at upper and lower inlets of the vertical through hole of the anchor, and the reset cable passes through the cable clamp/double roller cable clamp;
  • the tenth type, the ⁇ -shaped guide rod type under the premise that the frame of the rope control mechanism is restrained in the rotation direction (the anti-rotation method is seen in the hanging anchor type), it can be applied to the anti-wrap mechanism, specifically: the mining
  • the lower half of the cable can be replaced by a ⁇ -shaped guide rod, that is, the energy cable is first connected to the right-angle inflection point of the ⁇ -shaped guide rod, and then the bottom end of the long rod portion of the ⁇ -shaped guide rod is connected by a pair of lock rings hooked to each other.
  • the reset cable passes through a cable guide/double roller cable clamp mounted on the outer end of the short rod portion of the ⁇ -shaped guide rod, and the counterweight is provided with a vertical guide hole, ⁇ -shaped guide
  • the long rod portion of the rod passes through a fairlead mounted at the upper and lower inlet and outlet of the counterweight vertical guide hole;
  • the long rod portion of the ⁇ -shaped guide rod has a rectangular cross section, and the four sides of the long rod portion and the guide on the counterweight
  • the four rollers of the cable are closely attached one by one; the weight of the weight is more important than the wet weight of the energy cable + ⁇ -shaped guide bar;
  • control rope mechanism frame is a semi-closed housing having a bottom end opening, the main shaft of the rope control mechanism and its bearing & seat, the electric control actuator, and the rotating member of the linear rotary motion conversion mechanism are all mounted on the control In the lumen of the rope mechanism;
  • Section VI For the rope control mechanism using the friction wheel + rope, the rope is one, and the friction wheel can be two in series to form the friction wheel set, specifically: the friction wheel is connected with the gear shaft, the friction wheel, the gear, The shaft and its bearing & seat form a friction wheel gear unit, and the shaft is mounted on the frame of the rope control device through the bearing & seat.
  • the two identical friction wheel gear unit axes are parallel, aligned, end face aligned and sequentially installed.
  • the gears of the two friction wheel gear units mesh, but each friction wheel is smaller in size than the gear, so the friction wheels do not interfere with each other; the gear of one of the friction wheel sets and the rotor shaft of the electric control In turn, the ropes are sequentially wound around the friction wheel of each friction wheel gear unit.
  • the so-called winding means that the rope is in the forward direction, and the direction around the first friction wheel is opposite to that of the second friction wheel. ;
  • the same two or more friction gear units are installed according to the above rules, the gears of the friction gear unit are meshed in series, and the rope is still one, and the friction wheel of each friction gear unit is bypassed according to the meshing order.
  • the entire friction wheel set still has only one shaft of the friction gear unit connected to the rotor shaft of the electric control unit.
  • the shaft of the electric actuator rotor is connected to the shaft of the first friction wheel gear unit from the side of the reset cable.
  • the gravity anchor can adopt two kinds of suspension schemes: direct connection/pulley suspension.
  • the direct connection suspension anchor structure is: one buoy on each side of the floating body of the wave generator, each buoy is a cable, and the two cables are The other end is connected to the gravity anchor;
  • the pulley anchor structure is: a buoy is placed on each side of the floating body of the wave generator, and two ends of one cable are respectively attached to the two buoys, and the middle of the cable is near the gravity anchor and surrounds one a pulley, the bottom end of the pulley frame of the pulley is connected with the gravity anchor, and the energy cable from the upper side to be connected with the gravity anchor is connected to the top of the pulley frame; and the cable and the pulley for the suspended gravity anchor
  • the connection can also be replaced by the following three derived connections:
  • the gravity anchor is a cube, and the four vertices of the top surface of the gravity anchor are respectively mounted with a top pulley (the pulley above the gravity anchor), so that there are two fixed pulleys on each of the two opposite sides of the gravity anchor top surface, each The top pulley of the opposite side rolls on a ropeway, and the two ropeways are combined on the left side of the gravity anchor and are wound around a pulley.
  • the pulley frame of the pulley is connected with the cable for hanging the gravity anchor on the left side.
  • the two ropeways are also joined together on the right side of the gravity anchor, and are wound around another pulley, and the pulley frame of the pulley is connected with the cable for hanging the gravity anchor on the right side;
  • the gravity anchor is a cube, and a fairlead is installed on each of the front and rear sides of the gravity anchor, and two guiding pulleys are installed on the two vertical edges of the right side of the gravity anchor, and the cables of the suspended gravity anchor are sequentially worn. After the guide, the guide pulley of the right rear edge, the guide pulley of the right front edge, the front guide, the two fairleads and the two guide pulleys are equal to the top surface;
  • the gravity anchor is a cube.
  • the two hard straight rods are parallel and the end faces are aligned.
  • the gravity anchors are respectively spaced apart by a certain distance and two transverse through holes.
  • the left and right ends of the two rigid straight rods are respectively confined to the left and right steel frames, and both sides are fixed.
  • the suspension cables are respectively connected to the steel frames on both sides by a V-shaped rope, that is, the two vertices of the V-shaped rope are connected to both ends of the steel frame, and the bottom end of the V-shaped rope is connected with the suspension cable;
  • the floating body of the wave generator and the buoy are connected by a rope;
  • the floating bodies of the plurality of wave generators are arranged in a row, a buoy is placed between each wave generator floating body and the first end of the queue, and the floating body and the buoy are connected by a rope.
  • the first and last buoys are each an anchor chain, and the other end of the anchor chain extends to the outside of the queue and is finally connected to an anchor;
  • a buoy connecting the buoy of the wave generator and the rope of the floating body is heavy;
  • the wave generator floating body is connected to the rope by a V-shaped rope, that is, the two top ends of the V-shaped rope are respectively connected with the bottom end of the floating body top end, and the bottom end of the V-shaped rope is connected with the rope;
  • the floating body and the buoy in the array also lead to the anchor chain in the direction of the vertical queue, and the bottom end of the anchor chain is connected to the anchor;
  • a hoist/winch that can be manually or electronically controlled is mounted on the buoy/float to receive or release the rope/anchor chain according to the sea wave condition;
  • the air supply system is also included; the frame of the rope control mechanism is a fully enclosed casing or a semi-closed casing with only the bottom end opening, the main shaft of the rope control mechanism and its bearing & seat, electronic control
  • the brake and the linear rotation conversion mechanism are all installed in the inner cavity of the rope control mechanism, and the air supply system includes an electric air pump, a gas pipe, a water immersion sensor, a single chip control module and an auxiliary power source, and the electric air pump is installed in an air environment on the floating body of the sea surface, One end of the root gas pipe is connected to the air pump exhaust port, the other end is inserted into the cavity of the rope control mechanism, and a water immersion sensor is installed in the cavity.
  • the water immersion sensor sends information to the single chip control module through the signal line, and the single chip control module performs the electric air pump Switch control, if the gas will return after the electric air pump is stopped, the gas pipe is connected to the air pipe through the quasi-check valve at the air outlet of the electric air pump.
  • the overrunning clutch/torque limiter may be inserted into the power transmission path of the rotary member of the linear rotary motion conversion mechanism to the electric control actuator, specifically: the rotary member of the linear rotary motion conversion mechanism Coupling with one end of the overrunning clutch/torque limiter, or interlocking with the end of the overrunning clutch/torque limiter via the chain/gear/belt drive mechanism, the other end of the overrunning clutch/torque limiter and the electric control a rotor shaft joint; the electric control stator is fixed on the frame; when the electric control actuator is in a braking state, the rotatable direction of the rotating member of the linear rotation conversion mechanism should be the torque generated by the reset cable pulling force The same direction;
  • the rope control device includes an electric module as a control rope and an actuator, and the actuator is also called a control rope mechanism.
  • the control rope circuit includes a sensor for monitoring the end of the work stroke of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder, an MCU control module, an auxiliary power supply, and a wire.
  • the single-chip microcomputer control module acquires the signal of the end of the piston work force by the end of stroke sensor, and then controls the electric control device in the control rope mechanism.
  • the end of travel sensor can also be installed. At the stop block at the top of the column, a signal is sent to the MCU control module as the annular float approaches the top end.
  • Double-floating force-reset WEC so that the reset of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder no longer needs the pressure reset of the low-pressure accumulator, which can directly suck the oil from the open fuel tank, eliminating the oil replenishment system and reducing the system complexity.
  • the spring-vibration system composed of the spring + weight in the present invention can make the energy-carrying cable receive a larger pulling force at the time of the trough, and reduce the bending and wave-high utilization loss.
  • the rope control mechanism of the present invention uses the counterweight to collect the rope, has a long service life, high reliability, large rope collecting force, and does not have problems such as fatigue and small rope gathering force like a spring.
  • the anti-wrap mechanism avoids the direct winding of the energy cable and the reset cable.
  • the friction wheel set is used as the linear rotary motion conversion mechanism, and the rope is only wrapped once, which avoids the problem that the width of the rope is too wide in the axial direction when the reel is used, and the multi-friction wheel set can greatly enhance the working tension of the single rope, and at the same time Allowing the rope to work at a smaller bend radius reduces the torque output to the electric controller and reduces costs.
  • the anchoring scheme allows the gravity anchor to hang in the water and get rid of the water depth restriction (if the water depth is too deep, the length of the energy cable is too long, the elastic deformation becomes large, and the partial wave height will be used on the elongated rope. Instead of doing work, the gravity anchor can always be under the floating body, so that the energy harvesting cable is nearly vertical, avoiding the problem of sea current affecting the collection and power generation.
  • the frame of the rope control mechanism adopts a semi-closed housing having only a bottom opening, and the energy cable/reset cable can be accessed from below, and the air can be stored therein, thereby easily solving the control rope. Waterproofing of internal parts of the mechanism.
  • the air supply system of the invention further improves the waterproof support capability.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of a rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder wave generator (pressure difference reset type, ring sprocket, ⁇ -shaped guide rod)
  • Figure 2 Structure diagram of the double rope guiding rope control mechanism (reel, air pump injection)
  • FIG. 1A Structure diagram of U-ring suspension control rope device
  • FIG. 2B Block diagram of the balanced double-energy cable
  • Figure 3 Structure diagram of the electric control actuator (electromagnet, spring, brake master cylinder, drum brake)
  • Figure 4 Structure diagram of single recovery cable double reset cable anti-wrap + reel control rope mechanism
  • FIG. 5 Schematic diagram of double catenary bar anti-wrap structure
  • Figure 6 Side view of single catenary anti-wrap + friction wheel set control rope mechanism
  • Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the double rope guiding type anti-wrap mechanism + friction wheel group control rope mechanism (V-shaped rope up and down connection)
  • FIG 8 Ribbon + friction wheel control rope mechanism (V-shaped rope up and down connection)
  • Figure 12 Sectional view of differential pressure-reset wave energy acquisition system (equipment bay + buoyancy chamber) (cylinder top)
  • Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the use of buoys on both sides of a row of multi-wave generators
  • Figure 14 WEC diagram of a list of application anchoring schemes (side-side side pull-proof, anti-wrap)
  • Figure 16 Structure diagram of a combination of a V-shaped rope and a hanging anchor
  • Double float weight reset B type WEC (hydraulic system is mainly installed on the annular floating body)
  • 1-floating body steel casing; 2-hydraulic cylinder; 3-piston rod; 4-high pressure accumulator; 5-oil filter; 6-hydraulic motor; 7-generator; 8-low pressure accumulator; End of the work stroke: the sensor that senses the piston to the end of the stroke, can be the Hall sensor / inductive proximity sensor that senses metal proximity; 10 - Telescopic tube: bellows-shaped telescopic tube, made of rubber material; 11- Conduit: Four-roller type fairlead, two pairs of mutually parallel axes, end-aligned, but gapped rollers, stacked vertically on each other on a bracket, through which the guide passes from each pair of cylinders.
  • 79-Control rope device 80-ring floating body: hollow shell with short round tube shape, rectangular shape of rotation; 81-column; 82-guide roller: fixed caster, guiding the movement direction.
  • 83- ⁇ bracket steel ⁇ shape, or the same three-legged frame as OPT's Powerbuoy, that is, each vertex of the flat-shaped Y-shaped beam protrudes downwards to form a 3-leg structure bracket;
  • 84-scratching Sexual/universal connection It can be a chain/rope, or a pair of lock rings that hook each other. It can also be a ball joint; a connection method that allows the two parts connected to each other to have a certain angular change.
  • 85-tubular rain cover erected tubular, open at the bottom end, closed at the top, consolidated with the bottom of the ⁇ bracket/three-legged beam, placed on the column; 86-rail; 87-round cake end cover; 88- Steel frame; 89-pad; 91-knot: the limit solid on the rope, the knot contour is larger than the gap of the pulley frame and cannot pass.
  • the rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder wave generator of the present invention comprises a wave energy collection conversion system (ie WEC), a rope control device, a gravity anchor, the WEC is located on the water surface, and the gravity anchor is connected through the rope control device below; the rope control device
  • the utility model comprises two relative motion controllable components, which are respectively a frame and an elongated member. When the upper elongated member is below, the top of the frame serves as a connection point with the WEC, and the bottom end of the elongated member serves as a connection with the gravity anchor.
  • the frame acts as a connection point with the gravity anchor
  • the top end of the elongate member serves as a connection point with the WEC
  • the rope control device is equivalent to providing an adjustable distance from the gravity anchor.
  • the WEC uses the relative motion between the floating body and the underwater reference point to generate electricity.
  • WEC floating body differential pressure reduction type WEC
  • WEC double floating body weight reduction type WEC
  • Section II Single float differential pressure reset type WEC, the upper part of Fig. 1 is a typical single floating body differential pressure reset type WEC.
  • the floating body of the figure is a combination of the buoyancy chamber 67 and the equipment compartment 74 (explained later).
  • the structure of the floating body ie, the equipment compartment 74
  • the body, the center runs through a vertical pipe, and removes the casing part in the straight pipe to form a fully enclosed casing with a through hole at the center.
  • the equipment bay 74 is a fully sealed hollow shell with a cylindrical shape and a through hole at the axis.
  • the lower end of the through hole of the equipment compartment 74 (the cable guide is installed through the vertical pipe 71, of course, the vertical pipe 71 can also be omitted).
  • the fairlead 11 is mounted, and the three legs of a tripod 68 are provided. (only two are drawn) fixed on the top surface of the floating body, the top end of the tripod 68 is directly above the through hole, and the top end of the tripod is connected to the top end of the cylinder of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2 through the chain 22, the single action
  • the rope 24 connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 2 passes through the center hole of the floating body and the cable guide 11, and is finally connected to the frame 13 of the rope control device; the generator and the hydraulic system except the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2 All within the equipment bay 74;
  • the scheme of this figure is reset by differential pressure.
  • the pressure of high-pressure accumulator >> low-pressure accumulator pressure > atmospheric pressure.
  • the rope 24 generates a downward pulling force to the piston rod 3
  • the high pressure hydraulic oil extruded by the piston passes through the queuing check valve (the hydraulic cylinder has a rod cavity). The position is only allowed to), the oil filter, the high-pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor is driven to rotate to drive the generator to generate electricity, and then enter the low-pressure accumulator.
  • the highlight of this design is that the hydraulic cylinder 2 is placed above the exterior of the float.
  • the piston rod shank of the hydraulic cylinder 2 is consolidated with the bottom of the bowl of the oil bowl 78 facing upward, in order to protect the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder from the corrosion of the salt water in the outside, a telescopic tube 10 is sleeved on the piston rod, and the telescopic tube is stretched.
  • the lower port of the tube 10 is butted against the outer edge of the oil bowl 78.
  • the upper port of the telescopic tube 10 is sleeved on the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder 2 and is connected and sealed to the side thereof, so that a cavity is formed inside the telescopic tube 10, called a corrugated cavity.
  • One nozzle of one air tube 39 is connected to the upper part of the bellows chamber in the telescopic tube, and the other tube port is facing downward.
  • the function of the air pipe 39 is to let the corrugated cavity communicate with the atmosphere to maintain internal and external balance, while the hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic cylinder can flow downward, and the oil bowl 78 at the bottom collects the leaked hydraulic oil.
  • the drain hoses 35 of the hydraulic cylinder 2 are respectively taken out from the upper part of the rodless cavity of the cylinder block and the oil bowl 78, and then merged into All the way, the equipment compartment top cover 69 is drilled into the equipment compartment and finally enters the open fuel tank 72.
  • the charge pump 73 draws hydraulic oil from the open fuel tank 72 and injects it into the closed hydraulic circulation line.
  • the charge pump 73 is driven by a motor, and the MCU (ie, the single chip microcomputer) obtains the height information of the hydraulic oil from the liquid level sensor in the open fuel tank, and controls the start and stop of the motor.
  • the MCU ie, the single chip microcomputer
  • Fig. 14 also includes the same single floating body differential pressure reset type WEC as in this figure.
  • the buoyancy chamber 67 can be an annular floating body (this figure is a circular body with a rectangular cross section), and the buoyancy chamber 67 can be connected to the equipment bay 74 in two ways:
  • FIG. 12 One is embedded (Fig. 12), that is, the inner hole of the buoyancy chamber 67 is slightly larger than the outer contour of the equipment compartment 74, and the equipment compartment 74 is embedded in the inner hole of the buoyancy chamber 67, and the two can be connected by bolts, or A limit flange 102 is provided at the bottom of the equipment compartment top cover 69 or the inner hole of the buoyancy chamber 67 to prevent the equipment compartment 74 from falling relative to the buoyancy chamber 67, or: the inner surface of the annular bore of the buoyancy chamber or the equipment compartment The outer side is a thick and thin tapered surface, and the equipment compartment is wedged into the inner hole of the buoyancy chamber;
  • the other type is superimposed (not shown), that is, the inner hole of the buoyancy bellows is smaller than the outer contour of the equipment compartment, and the bottom surface of the equipment compartment 74 is fixed to the top surface of the buoyancy chamber 67, and the bottom of the equipment compartment is guided.
  • the cable is changed to be installed at the outlet below the inner hole of the buoyancy bellows; the bottom end of the piston rod of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder is successively from the center hole of the equipment compartment, the inner hole of the buoyancy collar, and the guide installed at the bottom of the buoyancy bilge After passing through the cable, it extends downward and is finally connected to the rope control device;
  • the reason why the floating body is designed as two separable parts of the equipment compartment and the buoyancy compartment is mainly for the convenience of maintenance.
  • the bottom surface of the buoyancy chamber 67 is simply connected with the rope support frame 13 by the rope 44, and the connection between the rope 24 and the rope control mechanism frame 13 is separated from the hook 70 by the rope.
  • the crane can hook the equipment compartment to the deck by hooking the loop on the top of the tripod 75.
  • the rope control mechanism 13 is suspended by the rope 44 in the water without sinking.
  • the ropes 44 are preferably the same two, and their points are bilaterally symmetrical.
  • Section III Another rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder WEC is a double-floating force-reset type WEC, which is divided into type A and type B.
  • the structure of the double-floating body force reduction type A (Fig. 18) is: a hollow column 81 (cylindrical), Vertically placed, the bottom end of the top opening is closed, an annular floating body 80 is sleeved on the column 81, and a certain gap exists between the inner wall of the annular floating body 80 and the side of the column 81.
  • the top surface of the annular floating body 80 is fixed with a ⁇ bracket 83/ (or the three-legged frame), the center line of the ⁇ bracket 83/three leg frame coincides with the axis of the column 81, the center of the piston rod handle of the erected single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2 and the bottom of the beam of the ⁇ bracket 83 (or the three-legged frame) / Universal connection 84, the end of the cylinder of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2 and the bottom surface of the column cavity flexible / universal connection 84, the hydraulic system circulation route is (arrow direction beside the pipeline): open fuel tank 72, access order
  • the generator, the rod-shaped cavity of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder, the quasi-out check valve, the accumulator, the hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor drive the generator to generate electricity;
  • the bottom end of the column 81 can be consolidated with a cylindrical/ellipsoidal underwater buoyancy chamber 52 to increase the buoyancy, and the center lines of the columns coincide.
  • the column 81, or the bottom end of the underwater buoyancy chamber 52 is consolidated with the top end of a vertical rod/vertical tube 71, and the centerlines of the two are coincident;
  • Column 81 + underwater buoyancy chamber 52 (if any) + vertical rod / vertical tube 71 (if any) is a unit that is consolidated together and is defined as the column overall. The bottom end of the column is connected to the upper connection point of the rope control device.
  • the hydraulic system is mounted in the column 81 or in the underwater buoyancy chamber 52 (most of the figures herein, the hydraulic system surrounded by a rounded rectangular dotted frame is marked with an arrow). However, if the hydraulic cylinder 2 is inverted, the hydraulic system is installed in the annular floating body 80 (see FIG. 19), and the hydraulic pipe from the hydraulic cylinder 2 oil port is extended to the top of the ⁇ bracket 83 against the hydraulic cylinder 2 cylinder. It then extends to one side, then down the ⁇ bracket 83 on one side, and finally into the cavity of the annular float 80.
  • the rope control device below it will react. For example, if the wave rises, the annular floating body 80 has risen to reach the stroke limit, and the rope control device releases the rope (see the following for the control of the rope control device). At this time, the column 81 floats up (according to the design, the overall net buoyancy of the column is greater than The downward pulling force of the rope collecting member of the rope control mechanism is because the annular floating body 80 is slowly rising following the wave surface, and the column is generally floated upward by the water, so the annular floating body 80 is oriented relative to the column. The lower movement, so that the hydraulic cylinder 2 is subjected to compression reset, and then the rope control device locks the rope again.
  • the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 2 is reset by the gravity of the annular floating body 80, it is called the double-floating force-reset type WEC.
  • the double floating body mechanism (excluding the hydraulic system) of this case is almost the same as the PowerBuoy of OPT.
  • the right structures of Figs. 10, 11, and 14 are also the same.
  • two upper and lower guide rollers 82 may be mounted on the inner ring wall of the annular floating body 80, and the guide rollers 82 of each layer are uniformly distributed in three or more, so that when the annular floating body 80 moves up and down, The guide roller 82 can roll up and down the column 81 to guide the annular floating body 80 to move up and down.
  • a rail manner can also be adopted. As shown in FIG. 19, the upper and lower ends of the vertical two rails 86 are fixed by the steel frame 88 and the column 81, and the two rails respectively pass through two vertical holes on the annular floating body 80.
  • a low friction coefficient material such as polytetrafluoroethylene is coated on the surface of the guide rail 86 and the inner wall of the vertical hole of the annular floating body 80.
  • the cylinder end of the hydraulic cylinder 2 is connected to the bottom of the chamber of the column 81 through the chain 22 (or two locking rings hooked to each other).
  • the chain 22 or two locking rings hooked to each other.
  • two blocks 89 are fixed in the cavity of the column 81.
  • the height of the block 89 is slightly smaller than the bottom end of the cylinder block 2 and the bottom of the column 81, because the chain 22 can be pulled but can not be pressed, if it is pressed, the hydraulic cylinder 2 may be biased to one side, and the hydraulic pressure The cylinder 2 also moves up and down, resulting in a loss of wave height utilization, and after the spacer 89 is employed, when the hydraulic cylinder 2 is pressed downward, the spacer 89 can withstand the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder 2. Similarly, the spacer 89 can also be applied to other places in the present specification that have flexible connections and are under stress conditions.
  • the up and down movement of the annular floating body 80 should be a limited position mechanism.
  • the hydraulic cylinder itself can also be limited.
  • the limit block should be specially set (see the limit block 106 installed on the column 81 in FIG. 11).
  • the top of the underwater buoyancy chamber 52 or the ⁇ bracket 83 can be used as the lower limit limit block.
  • the upper limit of the stroke of the annular floating body 80 may be a flange 102 at the top end of the column 81.
  • the upper and lower steel arms 88 of the guide rail 86 can serve as the upper and lower limit blocks of the annular floating body 80.
  • the second type of double-floating force reset type B WEC is illustrated in Fig. 19, which is mostly the same as the structure of type A, except that the pulley weight mechanism is added.
  • the overall column + control rope mechanism 79 may not necessarily maintain sufficient net buoyancy or even a specific gravity greater than water.
  • the pulley frame of the pulley 56 is connected to the bottom surface of the annular floating body 80.
  • One end of the rope 76 is connected to a weight 51, and the other end extends upward. After the pulley 56 is bypassed, it extends downward and finally is attached to the column 81 ( In the figure, only one side of the pulley 56 + rope 76 is drawn.
  • the rope 76 provides sufficient upward pulling force to the column as a whole so that the column overall + control device 79 does not sink, even if the column overall + control device 79 has a specific gravity greater than water. In this way, the overall column can neither be up (the rope device locks the length of the rope, can not be elongated), and can not sink, so the column as a whole becomes a stable relative motion reference point.
  • the annular floating body 52 fluctuates with the waves, and moves up and down with respect to the column 81.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 2 is stretched or retracted by the ⁇ bracket 83, and the wave energy collecting work is the same as the double floating weight force reset type A WEC.
  • the wet weight of the weight 51 acts on the rope 76, which creates a downward force against the fixed pulley 56, causing the annular floating body 80 to generally descend relative to the column, allowing the hydraulic cylinder to be reset.
  • the annular floating body 80 When the wave surface of the big wave falls, the annular floating body 80 first falls to the lowest point of the stroke, and the resetting stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 2 ends. If the water surface continues to descend, the annular floating body 80 cannot continue to descend relative to the column as a whole due to the limitation of the position.
  • the annular floating body 80+ column overall + control rope mechanism frame + weight block 51 can be simplified as an object, the water surface is lowered, then the object is subjected to buoyancy and will have to fall, and the rope control device is in charge. The rope is taken up by the rope member.
  • the weight 51 is annular and is sleeved on the vertical rod 53, and the inner side of the ring of the weight 51 maintains a gap with the side of the vertical rod 53, and a rope is attached to each side of the weight 51.
  • 76 (only one set is drawn in the figure, which is actually two sets of left and right symmetry), the other ends of the two ropes 76 extend upward, and then extend downwardly around a pulley 56 above them, and finally connect under the column 81.
  • the pulley frame of the two pulleys 56 is connected to the bottom surface of the annular floating body 80, and the two connection points are symmetric with respect to the axis of the column 81; further preferably: the upper and lower layers of the guide roller are installed in the ring of the weight 51 In the group, more than three guide rollers are distributed on each layer, and the purpose is to make the weight 51 use the vertical rod 53 as a guide rail to avoid unconstrained swaying of the weight 51.
  • Section IV For the above-mentioned double-floating force-reset type WEC and single-float differential pressure-reset type WEC, it is preferable to further include a tension spring weight mechanism, specifically: for double floating body & gravity reset type B WEC, insertion between weight and rope The tension spring, that is, the weight is connected to one end of the tension spring, and the other end of the tension spring is connected to one end of the rope.
  • a tension spring weight mechanism specifically: for double floating body & gravity reset type B WEC, insertion between weight and rope
  • the tension spring that is, the weight is connected to one end of the tension spring, and the other end of the tension spring is connected to one end of the rope.
  • the structure is: one end of a tension spring 33 is connected with a weight 51, and the other end of the tension spring 33 is connected with a rope 76, the rope 76 The other end extends upwardly around a pulley 56 and then extends downward, and finally is attached to the upright 81.
  • the pulley frame of the pulley 56 is connected to the bottom surface of the annular floating body 80;
  • the structure is: one end of a rope 76 is attached to the frame 13 of the rope control device, and the other end of the rope 76 extends upwardly around a pulley 56 and then extends downward.
  • the rear end is attached to one end of the tension spring 33, and the other end of the tension spring 33 is connected to a weight 51, and the pulley frame of the pulley 56 is connected to the bottom surface of the floating body 1;
  • the wet weight of the weight 51 causes the tension spring 33 to have an original elongation, and the inertia of the weight 51 and the tension spring 33 constitute an oscillating system, and in the case of setting certain parameters, The following vibration effect is achieved: in the latter half of the wave drop (if the water point is clockwise, the second half of the drop is from 3 to 6), the floating body (for the double-floating force-reset type WEC is a circular floating body) with the wave The deceleration is lowered, because the pulling force of the tension spring 33 against the weight 51 is determined by the amount of elongation thereof, and the change of the elongation is determined by the falling motion of the weight 51 with respect to the floating body.
  • the weight 51 is relative to the rope 76.
  • the downward movement, so the pulling force of the tension spring 33 continues to increase after 3 o'clock, and the velocity of the floating body in the vertical direction approaches 0 when the trough is reached, and the inertia of the weight 51 causes the tension spring 33 to be pulled beyond its original elongation.
  • the tension of the tension spring 33 is very large, and the tension of the rope 76 is also very large. This tension is changed by the pulley 56, and a large pulling force is generated to the rope control mechanism, thereby contributing to reducing the flexibility of the cable of the rope control mechanism. Deformation, reducing the loss of wave height utilization.
  • the floating body begins to decelerate after 9 o'clock, and the length of the tension spring 33 is shortened, the weight 51 continues to rise relative to the rope 76, and the distance between the weight 51 and the rope is reduced.
  • the upward pulling force of the tension spring 33 against the weight 51 is continuously reduced.
  • the elongation of the tension spring 33 is smaller than the original elongation, and the tension of the tension spring 33 is small or even 0, which brings about the floating body.
  • the advantage is that you don't have to share part of the buoyancy to lift the block 51, you can have more buoyancy to do the work.
  • the weight 51 should have a restraining mechanism to guide its movement.
  • the weight 51 can be made into a ring shape, placed in the lower part of the column, and the ring is added. Two layers of guide rollers, each layer of more than 3 uniform.
  • a floating tube 71 is added to the bottom of the floating body, and the weight 51 is formed in an annular sleeve on the vertical tube 71;
  • Two upper and lower guide rollers 82 are mounted on the inner wall of the ring, and the guide rollers of each layer are evenly distributed over three.
  • the weight 51 moves up and down with the upright 81/standpipe 71 as a guide rail.
  • the equipment compartment 74 may be subjected to various tilting movements with the standpipe 71.
  • the pulley 56 is mounted on the vertical The upper portion of the tube 71 is at the hole, and the vertical tube shaft section of the hole is perpendicular to the axis of the pulley 56.
  • the pulley 56 is half exposed outside the vertical tube, half is in the vertical tube, and one end of the tension spring 33 is connected to the weight 51.
  • the other end is connected with the rope 76, and the other end of the rope 76 is wound upwards around the hole pulley 56, and then enters the vertical pipe 71 and extends downwards, passing through the respective fairleads 11 at the bottom end of the vertical pipe 71 (all the cable guides herein)
  • the 11/dual roller fairleaders 20 are all non-multi-rope shared) and then extended downwards and finally connected to the control rope mechanism frame 13.
  • the weight 51 can also adopt another constraint mechanism. As shown in FIG. 9, the left and right weights 51 are respectively installed with upper and lower two slip rings 77, and each side of the slip ring 77 passes through a rope 76, each of which One end of the rope 76 is connected to the frame 13 of the rope control mechanism, and the other end extends upward, and after passing around the respective pulleys 56, it is extended downwardly to the one end of the same tension spring 33, and the other end of the tension spring 33 is connected to the weight 51.
  • the pulley frame of the two pulleys 56 is connected to the bottom surface of the floating body. The weight 51 is prevented from swinging and rotating by the two tensioned ropes 76.
  • the weight 51 is mounted on the slide rail 86.
  • the bottom end of the slide rail 86 is connected to the flexible/universal connection 84 of the rope control mechanism, and the top end of the slide rail 86 is connected to one end of the rope 76.
  • the other end of the roller 63 is wound upward and then extends downward to connect one end of a tension spring 33, and the other end of the tension spring 33 is connected to the weight 51.
  • the pulley frame of the pulley 56 is connected to the bottom surface of the floating body 1 in a flexible/universal connection 84.
  • the slide rail 86 is a restraining mechanism that moves as the guide weight 51.
  • the two restraining mechanisms of Fig. 9 can also be applied to the double-floating force-reset type WEC.
  • Section V The above mainly talks about the WEC part of the rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder.
  • the operating mechanism, the control cable electrical module is the control part, and the actuator is also called the control rope mechanism, which is the mechanical part of the rope control device, including the linear rotary motion conversion and the auxiliary mechanism, the anti-wrap mechanism, the electric control actuator, and the control rope of this section.
  • the rack of the mechanism is connected to the WEC above it, which is different from CN 103104408 A.
  • the main shaft of the linear rotary motion conversion mechanism is mounted on the frame through a bearing & a seat; three kinds of linear rotary motion conversion and an auxiliary mechanism are respectively;
  • One roller chain 93 is connected at one end to the weight 18 as a rope collecting member, and the other end is wound upwards around the roller sprocket 92 and then enters the straight cylinder 63 to continue to extend.
  • one end of a chain 22 is connected to the gravity anchor 17 of the rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder wave generator (the chain 22 is connected by a ⁇ -shaped guide rod) Gravity anchor), the other end passes up through the fairlead 11 installed at the bottom end of the frame 13 of the rope control mechanism, bypasses the ring sprocket 29, and then passes down through the other end of the bottom of the control rope mechanism frame. After the fairlead 11, continue to extend downward, and finally connected to a weight 18 as a rope collecting member;
  • the ring sprocket + chain can also be replaced by a friction wheel + rope, see Fig. 6, one end of the rope 24 is connected to the gravity anchor 17 of the rope controlled hydraulic cylinder wave power generation system, and the other end is upwardly mounted through the control rope mechanism frame 13 After the bottom end of the fairlead 11, the friction wheel 48 is bypassed (the figure is a plurality of friction wheels, which are first regarded as a friction wheel), and then passed down to the other end of the bottom of the control mechanism frame 13 After the fairlead 11, continue to extend downward, and finally connected to a counterweight 18;
  • the third type main and secondary reel type, as shown in FIG. 4, specifically: the main reel 23 and the sub reel 37 are connected by the main shaft 41 (or interlocked by a gear/chain transmission mechanism), and one end of the main rope 21 is fixed. And wound on the main reel 23, the other end of the main rope 21 passes down through a cable guide 11 installed at the bottom end of the rope control frame 13, and then continues downward, and finally connected to the rope of the rope control cylinder
  • a cable guide 11 installed at the bottom end of the rope control frame 13
  • the other end of the secondary cable 43 passes through another cable guide 11 mounted at the bottom end of the rope control mechanism frame.
  • the rope collecting member can also be replaced with a tension spring (see FIG. 11), and the tension spring 33 The other end is fixed to the frame 13, and the cable guide through which the secondary cable passes can be omitted;
  • the rotating members (roller sprocket/friction wheel/ring sprocket/main reel) of the above three linear rotary motion conversion mechanisms are connected to the rotor shaft of the electric control unit 16 via the main shaft 41.
  • Rotating member of the linear rotary conversion mechanism: the main reel 23 can also be linked with the rotor of the electric control unit 16 mounted on the frame 13 via a chain 25 (see FIG. 2) or a gear, or a V-belt transmission mechanism.
  • the stator of the electric control unit 16 is fixed to the frame 13.
  • the rope 24 / the chain 22 / the main rope 21 between the rotating member of the linear rotary conversion mechanism and the gravity anchor 17 of the rope controlled hydraulic cylinder wave generator is defined as a energy cable, which is mentioned above, and An elongate member with controllable relative movement between the frames; and a cord 24/chain 22/secondary cable 43 between the linear rotary conversion mechanism rotating member and the counterweight 18 is defined as a reset cable;
  • the cord control electrical module of the rope control device energizes/de-energizes the electric actuator 16 of the actuator so that it is in the brake/release state.
  • the rotor of the electric control device 16 When in the braking state, the rotor of the electric control device 16 is locked and cannot be rotated, and the rotating member of the linear rotation conversion mechanism connected or linked with the shaft cannot rotate, so the energy-using cable 30 cannot move linearly with respect to the frame 13
  • the length of the energy cable between the rope mechanism frame 13 and the gravity anchor 17 is fixed, and the height of the rope control frame 13 is stabilized.
  • the WEC sea surface floating body can use the frame 13 as a relative motion reference point to collect and convert. Wave energy.
  • the electric control actuator 16 When the electric control actuator 16 is in the released state, its rotor can be rotated, and the linear rotation motion of its shaft or linkage is turned The rotating member of the changing mechanism can also be rotated. At this time, the energy collecting cable can be moved relative to the frame 13, and the pulling force of the rope collecting member (weight 18/tension spring 33) is generated by the resetting cable on the main shaft 41 and the energy collecting cable. The tension generated by the pulling force is opposite. The two are like tug-of-war. The strong side is turned to the other side. When the floating body of WEC rises with the frame of the rope control mechanism, the picking force of the cable takes the upper hand, so that the energy cable is elongated. The reset cable is shortened.
  • the control cable electrical module locks the electric control device 16
  • the height between the rope control mechanism frame 13 and the gravity anchor 17 is higher than the previous one, and the reference point of the control rope mechanism frame is reached. a new height; when the floating body of the WEC is dropped with the rope control mechanism frame, the distance between the rope control mechanism frame 13 and the gravity anchor 17 is shortened, and the energy extraction cable force disappears, and the force of the rope collecting member at this time The rotating member of the lower linear rotation conversion mechanism rotates accordingly, thereby tightening the energy supply cable. If the control cable electrical module locks the electric control actuator 16 at this time, the distance between the rope control mechanism frame 13 and the gravity anchor 17 is fixed. And shorter than before. The above is the working principle of the streamlined rope control mechanism.
  • the entangled anti-wrap mechanism mainly includes:
  • the catenary can also be replaced by a length of rope with a heavy weight in the middle of the rope;
  • the side-by-side pulley side pull type side mark, that is, the buoy near the WEC floating body.
  • a buoy C is added at a certain distance around the floating body of the rope-controlled wave generator B (the buoy C belongs to the anchor array, and other buoys around the buoyant B can also be selected as the side marker), and the buoy B and the buoy C are tied.
  • the mooring system is anchored somewhere, with one end of a string 76 attached to the counterweight 18 and the other end extending below the buoy C, extending downwardly about a pulley 56, and finally connecting a weight 51, which is coupled to a pulley 51.
  • the pulley frame is connected to the bottom surface of the buoy C through the second rope 49; the weight 18 can also be omitted, and the reset cable 50 is directly connected to the rope 76, and the weight 51 is used as a weight for collecting the rope;
  • the fourth type the submarine pulley side pull type: one end of the rope is connected to the counterweight, the other end extends downward to one side, then extends upwards around a pulley, and finally connects to an underwater float, the pulley pulley frame Connecting another anchor base through the second rope; or omitting the weight, that is, the reset cable from the floating body is directly connected to one end of the rope, and the other end of the rope extends downward to one side, and then after a pulley Finally, an underwater float is connected, and the pulley pulley frame is connected to the other anchor base through the second rope;
  • the counterweight 18 has a component in the horizontal direction such that the counterweight 18 is always offset from the side to avoid intertwining of the reset cable and the energy cable.
  • the rope 79 (or the catenary 22) of the side pull weight 18 may not be directly connected to the weight 18 but connected to the weight 18 by the hard straight rod 61 (see FIG. 14), that is, the rope 76 ( Or the catenary 22) is connected to one end of the hard straight rod 61, and the other end of the hard straight rod 61 is connected to the weight 18 in a flexible/universal manner; the advantage of this is that the weight 18 is even if it swings to the left side of the energy cable 30, as long as it is stiff
  • the right end of the rod 61 is also on the right side of the energy cable 30, so that the weight 18 still cannot rotate around the energy cable 30 because the hard straight rod 61 cannot be bent.
  • the addition of the hard straight rod 61 further enhances the tamper resistance, and the flexible universal joint 84 allows the hard straight rod 61 to follow the angle of the rope 76 to avoid bending moments on the weight 18.
  • the fifth type is a single-recovery double-recovering cable type, as shown in Fig. 4:
  • the linear rotary conversion mechanism is mainly a secondary reel type, and includes a main reel 23, two coaxial and identical sub-reel 37,
  • the main rope 21 passes through a vertical through hole in the weight 18;
  • the weight is a cylindrical or cuboidal or bilaterally symmetric solid, and the through hole passes through the geometric center and the center of mass of the weight; the two secondary ropes are respectively attached to the left and right sides of the weight;
  • a fairlead/dual roller cable clamp 20 is mounted at the upper and lower inlets of the through hole, the main rope passing through the fairlead/double roller cable cutter 20 to reduce friction.
  • the rope control mechanism has two sets of the same coaxial main drum 23 (or ring sprocket/friction wheel) with a certain axial distance and the supporting energy cable. 21, the two energy-harvesting cables 21 continue to extend downward after passing through the respective corresponding fairlead 11/double-roller fairleades mounted at the bottom end of the frame 13, respectively, from the counterweights 18 at a distance of two Pass through the vertical holes and finally connect to the gravity anchor 17;
  • the upper and lower entrances and exits of the vertical holes on the counterweight are provided with double roller guides 20 (or fairleads) for guiding the ropes in and out to reduce the rope friction;
  • Fig. 2 may cause the tension of the two energy-harvesting cables 21 to be inconsistent because the rope-controlling mechanism frame 13 may be tilted and tilted in the sea. So in order to solve this problem, it is preferred to introduce a tensioning mechanism with three designs:
  • Design 1 Adopt the pulley method, as shown in Fig. 2B, that is, the two energy-generating cables 21 which are to be connected downwardly from the rope control mechanism and which are to be connected with the gravity anchor 17 are instead merged and wound around the gravity anchor 17 Passing through a pulley 56, the pulley frame of the pulley 56 is connected to the gravity anchor 17 through a rope, and the pulley 56 makes the tension of the two energy-harvesting cables 21 always the same;
  • Design 2 As shown in Fig. 2A, the connection between the WEC and the rope control mechanism adopts a U-ring 14 manner, the front side of the rope control mechanism frame 13 is fixed with one end of a short shaft 64, and the rear side is also fixed with another short shaft.
  • One end, two short-axis coaxial lines, the two short shafts are respectively inserted into two holes of a U-shaped ring 14, the outer side of the middle portion of the U-shaped ring 14 is connected with the WEC; the short-axis axis and two The position of the two fairleads 11 through which the root cable 21 passes is perpendicular to the line and coincides with the midpoint of the line;
  • Design 3 As shown in FIG. 7, the two energy-generating cables 30 are not connected to the gravity anchor 17 first, and then respectively connected to the two ends of a hard straight rod 61, and the hard straight rod 61 is connected to the gravity anchor through the V-shaped rope 55. 17, that is, the two top ends of the V-shaped rope 55 are respectively connected to the two ends of the hard straight rod 61, the bottom end of the V-shaped rope 55 and the gravity anchor 17 flexible / universal joint 84;
  • a U-ring/single rope/V-shaped rope connection can be adopted;
  • the U-ring connection is the connection mode of the design 2
  • the single rope connection (Fig. 2) is: one end of the cable
  • the WEC is connected, and the other end is connected to a tying point on the top end of the rope control mechanism frame 13, and the tying point is to be at the center line FF' of the two energy cables (the two energy cables 21 define a plane, There is a straight line in the plane which is parallel and equal in distance between the two, which is the intersection of the center line FF') and the top of the frame of the rope control mechanism;
  • the V-shaped rope connection mode that is, the plane of the V-shaped rope 55 above the rope control mechanism frame 13 is first parallel to the two straightened energy-generating cables 30, and then the bottom end of the V-shaped rope 55 is placed at the bottom. On the extension line of the center line FF', then the top ends of the V-shaped rope are connected to the top of the rope control mechanism frame 13;
  • the above U-ring/single rope/V-shaped rope connection method is adopted, because the bottom end of the V-shaped rope 55 is a flexible/universal connection, so no matter how the rope support frame moves, the WEC control rope
  • the force action point of the mechanism and the force action point of the gravity anchor to the control rope mechanism are all on the center line FF', and the distance between the two energy-generating cables 30 and the action point is equal, so the tension of the two energy-using cables 30 is necessarily equal.
  • the plane of the V-shaped rope 55 and the plane of the two parallel energy-generating cables can be at any angle, and FIG. 7 is a coincident relationship.
  • the linear rotary motion conversion mechanism in the figure is the friction wheel 48 and the mining If the cable 30 can be cabled, there may be cases where the lengths of the two energy cables 30 are different. At this time, it can be seen that pulling the cable with a longer length is less stressed and pulling out a shorter energy. The cable is subjected to a large force, so that the sliding force is shorter and more sliding friction occurs, so that the length of the cable is longer and the length is the same, that is, the solution has the function of automatically adjusting the length of the two energy cables.
  • the seventh type the double catenary block type, see Fig. 5: one side of each side of the weight 18 connected to the reset cable 50 is an anchor chain 22, and the two anchor chains are separated from the sides to the sides, each anchor The other end of the chain 22 is respectively connected with a gravity anchor 17 / grab anchor 46; (the anchor chain 22 can also be replaced by an anchor cable, but should be heavy in the middle of the anchor cable); the weight 18 can also be omitted, so that the reset cable 50 is directly connected with two anchor chains 22 (or anchor cables) to form an inverted Y-shaped structure;
  • This solution utilizes the collision between the suspended anchor chain 22 and the energy-carrying cable 30 to prevent the weight 18 from rotating around the energy-harvesting cable 30, thereby preventing the energy-harvesting cable from being entangled with the resetting cable, obviously no matter the weight 18 How to exercise, the energy cable 30 has been on the side of the connection of the two anchor chains 22, but in order to prevent the mining cable 30 from being worn, the lower half of the energy cable 30 can be replaced with a hard straight rod 61, a hard straight rod 61 bottom The end is connected to the gravity anchor 17 in a flexible/universal connection 84 to allow the hard straight rod 61 to tilt freely.
  • the eighth type, straight-tube type (no picture): the frame of the rope control mechanism is a semi-closed case with an opening only on the bottom surface, the bottom surface of the case is connected with a vertical slide tube, and the bottom end of the slide tube is closed and connected with the control rope.
  • the housing of the mechanism is merged into a cavity, the weight is kept in clearance with the inner wall of the sliding cylinder, the cable guide through which the reset cable passes above the counterweight is omitted, and the cable guide through which the energy cable passes is replaced at the bottom of the sliding cylinder.
  • the sliding cylinder limits the reset cable + weight in it, avoiding the mutual entanglement between the reset cable and the energy cable, and installing the cable guide through which the energy cable passes, outside the bottom end of the slider. Friction winding of the energy cable and the slide tube is also avoided.
  • the ninth type wearing a hanging anchor type, see Fig. 14: the hanging anchor below the floating body D, that is, the gravity anchor 17, is suspended by the two ropes 57 in the water; the aforementioned resetting cable 50 runs vertically from the gravity anchor 17 After passing through the hole, continue to extend downward to connect the weight 18; similarly, the reset cable 50 under the WEC floating body B can also adopt a similar anti-wrap mechanism, but the pulley frame of the pulley 56 is required to be consolidated with the gravity anchor 17, and the control should be controlled.
  • the rope mechanism frame 13 is restrained (for example, the rope control mechanism can be consolidated with the double float weight reduction type WEC column, and the column is anchored by the multi-point mooring system) to prevent it from rotating.
  • the cable guide 11/double roller cable clamp is installed at the upper and lower inlets of the through hole, and the reset cable 50 is passed through the cable guide/double roller cable clamp; this can reduce the damage of the reset cable 50. friction.
  • Tenth, ⁇ -shaped guide rod type As shown in Fig. 1, the lower half of the energy-consuming cable (chain 22) is replaced by a ⁇ -shaped guide rod 19, that is, the right-hand corner of the tang-shaped guide rod 19 is connected first.
  • the bottom end of the long rod portion of the ⁇ -shaped guide rod 19 is connected to the gravity anchor 17 by a pair of lock rings 84 hooked to each other, and the reset cable (the chain 22 between the rope control frame 13 and the weight 18) is mounted from
  • the outer end of the short rod of the ⁇ -shaped guide rod passes through the cable guide 11/double roller guide clamp, and the counterweight 18 is provided with a vertical through hole, and the long rod portion of the ⁇ -shaped guide rod is installed from the vertical passage
  • the fairlead 11 at the upper and lower entrances and exits of the hole passes through;
  • the long rod portion of the ⁇ -shaped guide rod 19 has a rectangular cross section, and the four sides of the long rod portion are respectively tightly coupled with the four rollers of the fairlead 11 on the weight 18 paste;
  • the long rod portion of the ⁇ -shaped guide rod 19 serves as a guide rail for the up and down movement of the weight 18, and the cable on the weight 18
  • the device 11 corresponds to a guided roller so that the weight 18 does not rotate relative to the ⁇ -shaped guide bar 19. Since the connection between the ⁇ -shaped guide bar 19 and the gravity anchor 17 is a pair of lock rings (one is fixed to the bottom end of the ⁇ -shaped guide bar and the other is fixed with gravity), the ⁇ -shaped guide bar cannot be rotated at a large angle. Therefore, as long as the rope control frame 13 is restrained from the rotation angle (see the ninth anti-wrap mechanism for the limited rotation method), the energy cable and the reset cable above the ⁇ -shaped guide bar are not entangled with each other.
  • the anti-wrap mechanism of this section can also be applied to other anti-winding occasions between sea ropes, such as the traction rope 3 in Fig. 1 of Fig. 6, Fig7, 2C, CN101344063A in US20130200626, and the energy recovery cable and reset cable in the application number 201610523880X. .
  • the friction wheel can be more than two to form the friction wheel set, as shown in Fig. 7, the friction wheel is two, which is drawn from the front view.
  • the friction wheel set (Fig. 6 is the axial viewing angle, but the friction wheel is five).
  • the friction wheel 48 is axially coupled to the gear 47.
  • the friction wheel 48, the gear 47, the shaft 41 and its bearing & seat 54 constitute a friction wheel gear unit, and the shaft 41 passes through the bearing & seat 54.
  • the same five friction gear units are installed according to the above parallel, same direction, and end face alignment rules, and the gears of the friction gear unit are serially engaged (like the connection of the train compartment), that is, ABCDE, a rope
  • the friction wheels of each of the friction gear units are bypassed in the engagement sequence, and the shaft 41 of the entire friction wheel set, which still has only one friction gear unit, is coupled to the rotor shaft of the electric control unit.
  • the first friction wheel gear unit on the side of the return cable is axially coupled to the electric control unit 16.
  • the advantage is that when the electric control device 16 is locked, the floating body of the WEC fluctuates with the waves, so the energy collecting cable 24 is subjected to a large and small pulling force pulse, and each time the floating body rises and works, the pulling force of the energy collecting cable 24 increases, and the elongation Some (although the rope 24 can be UHMWPE, the modulus of rigidity is large, but there is still a small amount of elongation), and each time the float falls, the cable 24 is stressed, so it is retracted.
  • the friction wheel set + rope mechanism of this section can also be applied to other sling ropes that need to be controlled.
  • the electric control unit connected to the friction wheel set can be replaced with a manual brake mechanism.
  • Section VII In addition, for the gravity anchor of the rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder wave generator, a hanging anchor scheme may be adopted, and a hanging anchor is a gravity anchor suspended in water. See FIG. 13 and FIG. Directly connected/pulley suspension type, the direct connection suspension anchor structure is: see Figure 13 floating body D, Figure 14 floating body D, each side of which is placed with a buoy C, E, each buoy is a cable 57, The other ends of the two cables 57 are connected to the gravity anchor 17 of the WEC;
  • Pulley anchor structure see the floating bodies B and F in Fig. 13 and the floating body B in Fig. 14, and a buoy 59 is placed on each side of the floating body.
  • Two ends of a cable 57 are respectively attached to the two buoys 59.
  • the middle of the cable 57 bypasses a pulley 56 near the gravity anchor 17, and the bottom end of the pulley frame of the pulley 56 is connected to the top surface of the gravity anchor 17 of the WEC.
  • the energy cable 30 from the top to be connected to the gravity anchor 17 is connected to the top of the pulley frame;
  • connection of the suspension cable 57 to the gravity anchor by the pulley it may be replaced by the following three types of longitudinal displacement (longitudinal, that is, the plane along which the cables 57 on both sides are located, the horizontal direction is perpendicular to the plane of the cables 57 on both sides).
  • Anchoring scheme :
  • the gravity anchor is a cubic shape.
  • the four vertices of the top surface of the gravity anchor are respectively mounted with a top pulley (the pulley above the gravity anchor), so that there are two fixed pulleys on each of the two opposite sides of the gravity anchor top surface.
  • the two top pulleys of the opposite sides are each rolled on a ropeway, and the two ropeways are combined on the left side of the gravity anchor and wound around a pulley.
  • the pulley frame of the pulley is connected with the cable for hanging the gravity anchor on the left side.
  • the same two ropeways are also joined together on the right side of the gravity anchor, and around the other pulley, the pulley frame of the pulley is connected with the cable for hanging the gravity anchor on the right side.
  • the side pulleys 56 evenly distribute the tension suspension cables 57 to the ropeways 44 on both sides, and the ropeways 44 on both sides provide an upward pulling force on the pulleys that are mounted on both sides of the gravity anchor, thereby placing the gravity anchors 17 Suspended in water.
  • the gravity anchor 17 is a cube, and a fairlead 11 is mounted on each of the front and rear sides of the gravity anchor 17, and two guide pulleys 56 are mounted on the right vertical edges of the gravity anchor, the cable 57 sequentially passes through the rear cable guide 11, the guide pulley of the right rear edge, the guide pulley of the right front edge, and the front cable guide 11, and the two fairleads and the two guide pulleys are equidistant from the top surface.
  • the suspension cable 57 is equivalent to being bypassed from the side of the gravity anchor 17, but the force application point is on the fairlead 11 on both sides.
  • the gravity anchor is in the shape of a cube.
  • the two rigid straight rods are parallel and the end faces are aligned through the transverse through holes of the opposite sides of the gravity anchor.
  • the two rigid straight rods are respectively fixed with the steel frame and suspended on both sides.
  • the sling cables are respectively connected to the steel frames on both sides by a V-shaped rope, that is, the two vertices of the V-shaped rope are connected to both ends of the steel frame, and the bottom end of the V-shaped rope is connected with the suspension cable.
  • the suspension cables on both sides provide an upward pulling force to the two hard straight rods, and the hard straight rods give the lifting force of the gravity anchor upwards, similar to lifting the sedan chair.
  • the gravity anchor can slide left and right with the hard straight rod 1 as a guide rail.
  • the wetness of the gravity anchor is greater than the upward pulling force when the WEC is doing work, and the maximum buoyancy of the buoy can be greater than the gravity anchor wet weight.
  • the gravity anchor 17 is suspended in the water by the buoys 59 on both sides, and its up and down movement depends on the buoys 59 on both sides.
  • the buoys 59 on both sides are often more than ten meters away from the floating body 1, and the wave force is different from the floating body 1. Therefore, the gravity anchor 17 is completely different from the movement of the floating body 1, exhibiting a new motion, and the rope-controlled wave generator can utilize the change in the distance between the floating body 1 and the gravity anchor 17 to generate electricity.
  • the buoy 59 should be made flat, so that the change in the draught depth of the buoy 59 caused by the change in the pulling force of the cable 57 is small, so that the up and down movement of the gravity anchor 17 can be reduced, and the wave height utilization loss can be reduced.
  • the gravity anchor 17 is directly connected to the cable 57 on both sides, so that it cannot be longitudinally displaced.
  • the floating body 1 gives a horizontal horizontal component to the gravity anchor below.
  • This component makes the gravity anchor move laterally with the floating body 1 (because the cable 57 on both sides of the gravity anchor 17 is in the lateral direction There is no constraint.
  • the resultant force of the cables 57 on both sides of the gravity anchor 17 will have a gradually increasing reset horizontal force, and finally the horizontal component of the gravity anchor 17 that the floating body 1 can give.
  • the horizontal component of the gravity anchor 17 is offset by the cable 57 on both sides of the gravity anchor 17, and the gravity anchor 17 no longer follows the floating body 1 to continue to traverse, so the gravity anchor 17 has a certain limit range for the lateral following of the floating body 1.
  • the gravity anchor 17 can move longitudinally with the cable 57 as the strop, thereby making the gravity anchor 17 It can always be under the floating body 1, and the pulley anchoring scheme has the ability to resist the sea current in both the horizontal and vertical directions. However, the longitudinal movement also has a range.
  • the gravity anchor 17 is longitudinally moved to a certain side, the pulling force of the cable 57 on both sides of the pulley The resultant force will form a resetting force that causes the gravity to return to the center of the cable, and is getting larger and larger. Until the last gravity anchor can't keep up with the floating body 1, the energy cable is deflected.
  • the floating bodies of the plurality of wave generators are arranged in a row, and a buoy is placed between each floating body and the first and the last of the queue, and the floating body and the buoy are connected by a rope, and the buoys of the first and the last are each an anchor.
  • Chain 58, the other end of the chain 58 extends outwardly of the queue and is finally attached to an anchor 46. All buoys 59 and floats 1 are connected in series to form a whole, which is easy to anchor and manage.
  • the two sides of the floating body 1 are pulled by the adjacent buoys 59 through the side of the rope 44, so that they can be mutually pulled and coordinated with the buoy 59 to avoid horizontal collision and distance, so as to avoid the gravity anchor under the floating body 1. Longitudinal movement to the limit.
  • the weight 51 is attached to the middle of the rope connecting the floating body and the buoy to provide an energy storage buffer, and the weight 51 can also be replaced with a tension spring 33. Preventing the floating body and the buoy from suddenly straightening when working at sea produces a huge impact. When the floating body is close to the buoy, the point at the heavy block sinks. The rope 44 is close to the buoy, and it is most easy to connect with other ropes under the water. The cable 57 is in contact and a float 60 can be attached to the cord 44 adjacent the buoy to lift the cord 44 of the section.
  • the wave generator floating body 1 and the buoy 59 in the array may also lead the anchor chain 58 in the direction of the vertical queue to enhance the resistance to lateral sea current impact, as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 15 is a top view, three rows of the same wave generator + buoy queue as described above, placed horizontally in parallel, the four-pointed star is the anchor 46, the black square is the weight 51, the circle is the buoy 59, and the hexagon is the WEC floating body. 1, and each connection between them is a rope 44.
  • the floating body 1 therein not only the lateral sides are flexibly anchored, but also the floating body 1 of the other queues in the longitudinal direction, and the floating body/buoy is also anchored by the side anchors 46 on both sides of the entire array. Therefore, the entire queue is also anchored in both the horizontal and vertical directions, enhancing the ability to resist sea currents.
  • the buoy 59/float 1 can be installed manually or electronically (for example, the PLC receives the command by wireless or according to the wave condition data sent by the marine wave height meter) to control the hoist/winch 107 to The wave condition collects or releases the rope 44 such that the distance between the buoy 59 and the floating body 1 increases or decreases.
  • the hoist/winch 107 is installed only on the buoy 59 of the team leader.
  • the purpose of adjusting the distance between the buoys 1 of the entire row of buoys 59 can be achieved.
  • the side effect is that the pulling force of the rope 44 between the buoy 59 and the floating body 1 is increased or decreased, but it is possible if it is within an allowable range.
  • the anchoring scheme in this section is also applicable to other types of wave energy generators that use the relative motion between the floating body and the gravity anchor below it to generate electricity, such as a floating rope sheave wave generator.
  • Section VIII For the various rope control mechanisms mentioned in this specification, it is also possible to add a gas supply system; as shown in Fig. 2, the structure is: the frame 13 of the rope control mechanism is a semi-closed casing having only a bottom end opening ( It can also be a nearly fully enclosed housing, the sealing ring 26 is considered to be nearly sealed, but it does not dare to ensure that no water is supplied.)
  • the spindle 41 of the rope control mechanism and its bearing & seat 54, the electric control unit 16, and the linear rotation conversion mechanism They are all installed in the inner cavity of the rope control mechanism.
  • the air supply system includes an electric air pump 38, a gas pipe 39, a water immersion sensor 40, a single chip control module and an auxiliary power source.
  • the electric air pump 38 is installed in an air environment on the floating body of the sea, and a gas pipe is provided. 39 is connected to the air pump exhaust port at one end, and the other end is inserted into the cavity of the control rope mechanism, and a water immersion sensor 40 is installed in the control In the cavity of the rope mechanism, the water immersion sensor 40 sends information to the single chip control module through the signal line, and the single chip control module performs switching control on the air pump 38. If the electric air pump 38 is the kind that the gas will flow backward after the shutdown, the air pump 38 is also needed.
  • the outlet is connected to the gas pipe 39 through a quasi-check valve to prevent backflow of gas.
  • the water immersion sensor 40 sends a signal to the MCU of the single-chip microcomputer, and the MCU turns on the power switch of the air pump 38.
  • the air pump 38 starts to work, extracts air from the atmosphere, and injects it into the inner cavity of the control rope mechanism through the air pipe 39.
  • the air is continuously injected, the internal water is discharged, and the water immersion sensor detects that the water is discharged at this time, so that the information is sent to the MCU, the MCU cuts off the power switch of the air pump 38, and the air pump 38 stops working.
  • the control rope electrical module includes the sensor 9 for monitoring the completion of the work stroke of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder. , MCU control module and auxiliary power supply (not shown), wire (dashed line), the MCU control module obtains the signal of the end of the piston work stroke through the end of stroke sensor, and then switches the power supply of the electric control device in the control rope mechanism ( Figure 11 For the double-floating force-reset type wave energy acquisition conversion system, as shown in FIG. 11, the end-of-stroke sensor 9 may also be mounted at a limit block at the top end of the column 81, and a signal is sent to the MCU when the ring-shaped floating body 80 is near the top end. Module.
  • a basic function of the rope control device is:
  • Algorithm 1 The first task of the rope control device is to protect the hydraulic cylinder and the floating body. If the end of the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder is not encountered during the WEC working process, the end of the stroke sensor will not signal, if the end of the stroke is encountered, the stroke When the end sensor sends a signal to the MCU, the MCU immediately issues a control command to the rope control mechanism to generate a rope releasing action, thereby preventing the hydraulic cylinder piston from striking the cylinder body and causing damage.
  • the MCU can use its own delay/time program to re-issue the control of the rope after a period of time (such as 5 seconds, or 10 seconds or 20 seconds) (the WEC float may be at the peak, also It may be in the trough and may also be on the way to rise/fall.
  • a period of time such as 5 seconds, or 10 seconds or 20 seconds
  • the WEC float may be at the peak, also It may be in the trough and may also be on the way to rise/fall.
  • the WEC float works with a new relative reference point.
  • this new braking point of the rope control mechanism is not good.
  • the MCU can combine the power generation of the WEC in the program, and try multiple times (ie, let the rope control mechanism loosen again, and then lock it again after a while) to find a better braking point.
  • Algorithm 2 The work bottom protection program continues to be used, except that the delay time is smaller, such as 1 s, and then a probe 103 is added to the end of the induction cylinder reset stroke.
  • This probe 103 can be installed at the end of the cylinder block (Fig. 2 19), and for the double-floating force-reset type WEC, it can also be mounted on the column 81 (Fig. 18).
  • the MCU uses the reset end probe 103 to determine that the WEC float has changed from falling to rising.
  • the method is: when the piston has been reset to the end point and remains at the end point, the reset end probe 103 will signal the MCU (previously the rope control mechanism) In the braking state, the MCU will consider the floating body in the falling phase (because the electric control is locked, if it is rising, then the reset end probe 103 may not always issue the reset end signal), and the MCU ⁇ applies a square to the electric control unit 16.
  • Wave pulse control so that it is sometimes released when braking, similar to the ABS anti-lock brake on the car, if the WEC float is in the process of descent, then the rope control machine
  • the structure will use the loose intermittent time to collect the rope, and if the WEC floating body suddenly turns up, then the WEC hydraulic cylinder will be pulled during the gap time of the electric control brake, so that the piston leaves the end point and resets the end of the probe.
  • the MCU learns this and stops transmitting the square wave control pulse.
  • Section X Various rope control mechanisms using the linear rotation conversion mechanism mentioned in the present specification can insert the overrunning clutch 15/torque limiter 45 into the power transmission path from the rotary member of the linear rotation conversion mechanism to the electric control actuator Specifically, the rotating member of the linear rotation conversion mechanism (for example, the main reel 23 in FIG. 4 or the friction wheel 48 in FIG. 7) and one end of the overrunning clutch 15/torque limiter 45 (see FIG.
  • the addition of the overrunning clutch 15 makes the control rope mechanism have one more function: in the state where the electric control actuator 16 is braked, the control rope mechanism has the function of only collecting the rope and not releasing the rope, and the meaning is: control
  • the rope electrical module can handle the working condition of the WEC floating body falling process without resetting the probe 103 at the end of the stroke. In the WEC floating body falling process, the WEC maintains the upward pulling force at the beginning, and the pulling force is greater than the pulling force of the rope collecting member, so the rope control mechanism can neither release the rope nor take the rope, and the WEC first resets.
  • the WEC hydraulic cylinder 2 After the WEC hydraulic cylinder 2 is reset to the end point, if the WEC continues to fall, the pulling force of the WEC on the energy-carrying cable is greatly reduced. At this time, under the action of the force of the rope-receiving member and the one-way transmission of the overrunning clutch, the rope is controlled. The mechanism starts to collect the rope. Here, it is not necessary to perform square wave pulse control on the electric control unit 16 as above. When the WEC floating body suddenly changes from falling to rising, the one-way transmission performance of the overrunning clutch 15 immediately acts to stop the rope control mechanism. The rope is released, so that the WEC quickly enters the collection work state. For the MCU, the algorithm executed is similar to Algorithm 1. When the hydraulic cylinder is finished, the probe sends a signal to the MCU, and the MCU opens the control mechanism and then locks again at intervals (the interval can be shortened, for example, 1 second).
  • the torque limiter 45 functions to prevent excessive torque and damage other components.
  • the wire 12 of the rope control device of Figure 1 can be used as the core of the rope 24, but should have some redundancy to ensure that the wire 12 is unstressed when the rope 24 is pulled. This design is intended to protect the wire 12 while avoiding the wire 12 and The ropes 24 are entangled with each other
  • Fig. 2 The water immersion sensor 40 should be installed near the entrance of the control rope frame 13, and the intrusion of water is sensed at the same time.
  • the chain drive mechanism 25 and the electric control unit 16 are mounted in the compartment of the semi-closed housing 13, and the main shaft 41 is inserted into the compartment from the rotary seal ring 26 at the hole in the partition wall, and the sprocket shaft of the chain transmission mechanism 25. even.
  • the advantage of the compartment is that it better protects the device that is afraid of water and salt.
  • the rotating seal 26 prevents the salty moisture in the semi-opening cavity from intruding into the compartment.
  • the same compartment design can also be applied to other rope control mechanisms in this specification (see other figures).
  • the spring 104 is retracted under the action of the spring 104, and the drum brake enters the released state; otherwise, the electromagnet 31 is de-energized, and the armature 32 is moved to the right by the tension spring 33 to drive the brake master cylinder 34 to push the hydraulic oil, and the hydraulic oil passes through the hydraulic pipe. 35, pushing the driven master cylinder 36 against the tension of the second tension spring 104, also driving the brake shoe 105 to open, the drum brake enters the braking state.
  • Section A-A shows a top view of the counterweight 18.
  • the weight 18 is a homogeneous (density uniform) cement block/iron block, and the origin O point of the XY coordinate axis is the center of the geometry and the center of mass.
  • the two vertical holes through which the energy cable 30 passes are on the x-axis with respect to the Y-axis Symmetrically, the points of the resetting cable 50 are also on the X-axis and are symmetric about the Y-axis.
  • the cylindrical counterweight 18 ensures that the current impact force in any direction, the force application point of the resultant force is at the O point, thereby avoiding the generation of torque.
  • Figure 8 The double rope 30 of Figure 7 is replaced with a webbing 66, also with the upper and lower V-shaped ropes 55 designed to ensure equal tension across the width of the webbing.
  • the Y-shaped connection can also be applied to other WEC floating bodies in the present specification, including single floating body pressure. Differential reset type WEC (see floats B, D in Fig. 14).
  • cross-sectional view A-A of this figure is a top weight 18.
  • the figure shows that the guide roller 82 is mounted on the side of the counterweight 18 to prevent the weight 18 from rubbing against the inner wall of the straight cylinder 63.
  • the gravity anchor 17 in this figure is a hanging anchor, and to prevent the cable 57 from being pressed against the side of the groove of the pulley 56 in the lateral movement (vertical paper), near the sides of the winding pulley 56 of the cable 57,
  • Each pair of roller chocks 20 (or fairleads) are mounted such that lateral swinging of the cables 57 will first apply pressure to the dual roller chocks 20 such that the pulleys 56 are deflected by a certain angle following the cables 57.
  • the flexible/universal connection 84 is adopted between the pulley 56 and the gravity anchor 17, so that the inertia of the gravity anchor 17 can be prevented from hindering the deflection of the pulley 56.
  • the design can also be applied to other pulley cranes.
  • Anchor scheme Anchor scheme.
  • the SSR is a solid state relay with fast response speed and long life.
  • the MCU indirectly controls the power supply to the electric control unit by controlling the SSR. This design is also applicable to the control electrical modules of all the rope control devices.
  • FIG 14 The E-buoy is flexibly connected to the pulley frame of a pulley 56.
  • a cable 57 is bypassed from the pulley 56.
  • the two ends of the cable 57 respectively suspend the gravity anchors 17 on both sides of the pulley 56 (the left side is not drawn ).
  • a knot 91 is attached to the cable 57 on both sides of the pulley 56. This is also a way of connecting the buoy to the cable 57 for suspension, as long as the two knots 91 are in close proximity to the pulley 56, the effect is almost the same as the direct connection of the buoy to the cable 57. Therefore, the buoys mentioned in the claims in this specification are connected to the cable, and this is also included.
  • the pulley frame 62 has three tie points on the outer edge of the pulley frame 62, serving as three eye plates, respectively connecting the ropes in three directions.
  • Figure 16 shows the structure of how the V-rope is connected to the pulley anchor.
  • the bottom end of the V-shaped rope 55 is coupled to the top end of the pulley frame 62 by a chain 22, and the bottom end of the pulley frame 62 is coupled to the anchor 17 by a flexible/universal connection 84.
  • the outer edge of the groove of the pulley 56 is circumscribed with a pressure roller 65, and the shaft of the pressure roller 65 is mounted on the pulley frame 62 through the bearing & seat, and the cable 57 is clamped to the pulley 56 by the pressure roller 65. In the groove.
  • All the floating body and rope control housing mentioned in this manual can be made of steel/glass fiber reinforced plastic.
  • the float can be made of high-density plastic foam.
  • All ropes/cables/cord can be made of high strength and high modulus.
  • Ropes such as ultra high molecular weight polyethylene ropes.
  • All the bearings mentioned in this manual (including the cable guide / double roller fairlead, the bearing in the guide roller) can be made of copper-based graphite self-lubricating bearing / ceramic bearing.
  • the optional means of anti-corrosion is: with FRP / Polyurea covers the steel casing, or painted on the outside, while gravity anchors, counterweights, and heavy blocks can be made of cement blocks/iron blocks.

Abstract

一种绳控液压缸波浪发电机，包括波浪能吸收转换部分、控绳装置（79）、重力锚（17）。波浪能吸收转换部分包括浮体（1）和液压系统。液压系统的液压油循环路线为单作用液压缸（2）、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器/开式油箱（72）、滤油器、准入单向阀。单作用液压缸（2）缸体连接在浮体（1）上。单作用液压缸（2）的活塞杆（3）底端通过绳索或锁链（24）连接到浮体（1）下方的控绳装置（79）执行机构的机架（13）顶端。控绳装置（79）控制的绳索（21）向下延伸连接到重力锚（17）上。该绳控液压缸波浪发电机能够适用于波浪较大的情况，收绳效果好。

Description

绳控液压缸波浪发电机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种波浪发电系统，属于波浪发电领域。
背景技术
CN 103104408 A为最接近本发明的现有技术，其列出的控绳装置存在许多问题，如弹簧疲劳、收绳力量小，而其配重收绳方式，如安装在锚基上则因执行机构离地面距离近，配重运动行程受限，而如果悬在水中则存在拉力不平衡、执行机构偏斜、绳子缠绕、防水等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种绳控液压缸波浪发电机，它能够实现让行程有限的液压缸适用于大波浪，适应潮汐变化，收绳效果好，波高利用率高。
本发明的技术方案：
节I：一种绳控液压缸波浪发电机：包括波浪能采集转换系统(Wave Engergy Converter，后面简称WEC)、控绳装置、重力锚，波浪能采集转换系统位于水面，控绳装置包括了两个相对运动可控的构件，分别是控绳机构的机架和细长构件，所述机架在上、细长构件在下的时候，机架顶端作为与波浪能采集转换系统的连接点，而细长构件底端作为与重力锚的连接点，而当机架在下细长构件在上的时候，则机架作为与重力锚的连接点，而细长构件的顶端作为与波浪能采集转换系统的连接点。
波浪能采集转换系统有两种，单浮体&压差复位型和双浮体重力复位型。
节II：单浮体&压差复位型WEC，包括浮体和液压系统；
浮体的结构可以理解为：一封闭壳体，中心贯穿一竖直的直管，然后去除直管管内的壳体部分，从而形成一个中心有贯穿孔的全封闭壳体；
所述浮体的贯穿孔下出口处安装有导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳，一个三脚架的三个底脚固定在浮体顶面上，该三脚架的顶端处在所述贯穿孔的正上方，该三脚架顶端与一单作用液压缸缸体顶端挠性/万向连接，该单作用液压缸的活塞杆柄所连接的绳索先后从浮体中心通孔、安装在浮体底面的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳中穿过，最后连接到控绳装置上；发电机以及除单作用液压缸外的液压系统均在浮体腔内；液压系统的液压管路循环路线是单作用液压缸有杆腔、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀；
优选的：在所述液压管活塞杆上套一伸缩管，该伸缩管一端与所述活塞杆柄密封对接，另一端与所述液压缸缸体侧面对接，但伸缩管上部应有缝隙与外界相通，所述液压缸的泄油管一路从液压缸无杆腔的顶部引出，一路从伸缩管的底端的腔内引出，两路合为一路向下延伸，然后从设备舱顶盖钻入设备舱内，最后进入所述开式油箱；
优选的：在上述基础上增加一个浮力舱，而上述浮体作为设备舱；浮力舱为一环状浮体；浮力舱与设备舱的连接方式可以有两种：
一种是嵌入式，即：浮力舱环内孔稍大于与设备舱外轮廓，设备舱嵌入浮力舱的环内孔中，浮力舱与设备舱可通过螺栓连接在一起，也可以在设备舱顶盖或浮力舱环内孔底部设限位凸缘，或者是：浮力舱的环内孔的内表面或设备舱的外侧面为上粗下细的锥面，设备舱楔 入浮力舱的环内孔内；
另一种是叠加式，即：浮力舱环内孔要小于设备舱外轮廓，所述设备舱的底面固定到所述浮力舱顶面上，此种情况所述设备舱底面的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳，改到安装在所述浮力舱环内孔下出口处；所述单作用液压缸的活塞杆底端的绳索先后从设备舱中心孔、浮力舱环内孔、安装在浮力舱底端的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳中穿过后连接控绳装置；
节III：双浮体&重力复位型WEC，分为A型和B型两种，双浮体&重力复位A型WEC包括立柱总体、环状浮体、П支架/三腿架、液压系统：
立柱总体可以是以下四种形式：
1)一竖直放置的空心立柱，为圆柱体或多边形柱体外形，顶端开口底端封闭；
2)所述空心立柱底面与一水下浮力舱顶面固结后形成的整体，水下浮力舱为圆柱体或椭球体外形的中空壳体或泡沫塑料；
3)所述立柱底面与一竖直杆/竖直管的顶面固结后形成的整体；
4)所述立柱底面与一所述水下浮力舱顶面固结，所述水下浮力舱的底面与一竖直杆/竖直管的顶面固结后，三者形成的整体；
立柱总体竖直插在水中排开水的重量要大于其自身重量，即立柱总体能漂浮在水中；
优选的：立柱与水下浮力舱、竖直管、竖直杆，三者竖直方向上的中心线对齐；
一环状浮体套在所述立柱上，且环内壁与所述立柱侧面存有一定间隙，环状浮体顶面固定着竖立着П支架/三腿架，П支架/三腿架的中心与立柱总体轴线重合，一竖立单作用液压缸的活塞杆柄与П支架/三腿架横梁底面中心连接，单作用液压缸的缸体末端与立柱腔内底面连接，液压系统的油路循环路线是：开式油箱、准入单向阀、所述单作用液压缸的有杆腔、准出单向阀、蓄能器、液压马达，液压马达带动发电机发电；
双浮体&重力复位B型的具体结构是：一立柱总体，竖直放置，顶端开口底端封闭，一环状浮体套在立柱上，且环内壁与立柱侧面存有一定间隙，环状浮体顶面固定着竖立的П支架/三腿架，П支架/三腿架的中心与立柱轴心重合，一单作用液压缸的活塞杆与П支架/三腿架顶梁底面中心连接，单作用液压缸的缸体另一端与立柱腔内底面连接，液压系统管路循环路线是：开式油箱、准入单向阀、所述单作用液压缸的有杆腔、准出单向阀、蓄能器、液压马达，液压马达带动发电机发电；立柱总体不必具有漂浮性；
一滑轮的滑轮架与浮体底面连接，一根绳子一端连接一重块，另一端向上延伸，绕过所述滑轮后又向下延伸，最后系在立柱总体上；
优选的：所述重块为环状，套在所述立柱总体下部，且重块的环内侧与立柱总体侧面存有间隙，重块两侧各系一根绳子，该两根绳子的另一端向上延伸，然后分别绕其上方的一滑轮后向下延伸，最后连接在立柱总体上，所述两个滑轮的滑轮架与所述环状浮体底面连接，且两连接点关于立柱轴线对称；
节IV：对于前述的WEC：还包括拉簧重块机构，具体为：
对于双浮体&重力复位型WEC，其结构是：一拉簧的一端与一重块连接，拉簧另一端连接绳子，该绳子另一端向上延伸绕过一滑轮后再向下延伸，最后系到所述立柱上，所述滑轮的滑轮架与环状浮体底面连接；
优选的：所述重块为环状，套在所述立柱总体下部，且重块环内侧与立柱总体侧面存有间隙；
对于单浮体&压差复位型WEC，具体结构为：一绳子一端连接控绳装置的连接点，该绳 子另一端向上延伸绕过一滑轮后再向下延伸后系在拉簧一端，该拉簧另一端与一重块连接，所述滑轮的滑轮架与浮体底面连接；
优选的：浮体底部与一竖管顶端固结，所述导缆器/双滚轮导缆器安装在竖立管底端出口处，所述滑轮安装在所述竖管上部的一开孔处，且该滑轮轴线垂直与所述孔所位于的竖管轴截面，所述滑轮一半露在竖管外，一半在竖管内，所述拉簧一端连接重块，另一端连接所述绳子，所述绳子另一端向上绕过孔处的滑轮后，进入竖管内又向下延伸，通过竖管底端的另一导缆器后，再向下延伸最后连接到控绳上，重块为环状，套在所述竖管上，且重块的环内侧与所述竖管外壁存有间隙；
节V：控绳装置包括控绳电气模块和控绳机构，其中控绳机构包括机架、直线旋转运动转换及附属机构、防缠机构、电控制动器，所述执行机构的机架顶端与上方的波浪能采集转换系统连接：所述直线旋转转换机构的旋转构件通过主轴与电控制动器的转子轴连，也可通过链式/齿轮/皮带传动机构与所述电控制动器的转子联动；所述电控制动器的定子固定在机架上，所述直线旋转运动转换机构旋转构件的主轴通过轴承&座安装在所述机架上；所述直线旋转运动转换及其附属机构有3种分别为；
第一种，滚链轮+滚子链型控绳机构为：机架底端固定一竖直的直筒，一配重在直筒内并与直筒内壁有一定间隙，一根滚子链一端该配重，另一端向上绕过所述滚链轮后再向下延伸，进入直筒连接一根绳索的一端，该绳索的另一端穿过所述配重上的竖直通孔后继续向下延伸，穿过安装在所述直筒底端入口处的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳后，继续向下系在所述重力锚上；
第二种，环链轮+环链，或摩擦轮+绳索型：一锁链一端连接所述重力锚，另一端向上穿过安装在控绳机构的机架底端的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳后，继续向上延伸，绕过环链轮后，再向下穿过安装在机架底端的另一个导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳后，继续向下延伸，最后连接一配重；
所述环链轮+锁链也可替换为摩擦轮+绳索，一绳索一端连接所述重力锚，另一端向上穿过安装在控绳机构机架底端的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳后，再绕过摩擦轮后，再向下穿过安装在控绳机构机架底端的另一个导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳后，继续向下延伸，最后连接一配重；
第三种：主副卷筒+主副绳缆型，具体为：主卷筒与副卷筒通过齿轮/链式传动机构联动或通过主轴轴连，主绳缆的一端固定并缠绕在主卷筒上，该主绳缆的另一端向下穿过一安装在控绳机构机架底端的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳后继续向下延伸，最后连接到绳控液压缸波浪发电机的重力锚上，副绳缆的一端固定并缠绕在副卷筒上，该副绳缆的另一端穿过安装在控绳机构机架底端的另一个导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳后连接一作为收绳构件的配重，主绳缆与副绳缆的拉力在主轴上产生的扭矩方向相反；收绳构件也可替换为拉簧，拉簧另一端固定在机架上；
上述直线旋转运动转换机构的旋转构件与所述重力锚之间的绳索/环链/主绳缆，定义为采能索，而该旋转构件与所述配重之间的绳索/环链/副绳缆，定义为复位索；
对于前述的采用环链轮+环链型、摩擦轮+绳索型、以及采用配重作为收绳构件的主副卷筒型直线旋转运动转换机构的控绳机构，还需增加防止采能索与复位索互相缠绕的防缠机构，防缠机构有以下几种：
第一种，单悬链侧拉式：一根悬锚链一端系在所述配重上，另一端向下向一侧延伸，最后连接到一另一锚基上，该悬链也可替换为一段绳子，绳子中间系重块；
第二种，锚链侧拉式：一根绳子一端连接配重，另一端向一侧延伸一段距离后又绕过一滑轮后向下延伸，最后连接一重块；所述滑轮的滑轮架与用于锚定本波浪发电机浮体或附近 其他浮体的系泊系统的其中一根锚链的中段某处挠性/万向连接；也可以省掉所述配重，这样复位索末端直接和所述绳子一端连接，让重块作为收绳用的配重；
第三种，旁标侧拉式：在绳控波浪发电机浮体周围一定距离处增加一浮标，所述浮体及浮标被系泊系统锚定在某处，一根绳子一端系在所述配重上，另一端延伸到浮标下方，绕过一滑轮后向下延伸，最后连接一重块，所述滑轮的滑轮架通过第二绳子连接浮标底面；也可以省掉上述配重，而让复位索末端直接和所述绳子连接，让重块作为收绳用的配重；
第四种，潜标侧拉式：一根绳子一端连接所述配重，另一端向下向一侧延伸，然后绕过一滑轮后向上延伸，最后连接一水下浮子，所述滑轮的滑轮架与另一锚基顶端挠性/万向连接；或者省掉所述配重，即从浮体下来的复位索末端直接与一根绳子一端连接，该绳子另一端向下向一侧延伸，然后绕过一滑轮后又连接一浮子，滑轮滑轮架与另一锚基顶端挠性/万向连接；优选的：对以上四种含配重的防缠机构，侧拉配重的绳子/悬链可不直接连接到配重而是通过硬直杆连接配重，即绳子/悬链末端与硬直杆一端连接，硬直杆另一端与配重挠性/万向连接；
第五种，单采能索双复位索式：所述直线旋转运动转换机构为：一个主卷筒左右两侧各有一套同样的副卷筒+副绳缆，三者共轴，两根副绳缆下端系在配重的左右两侧，而主绳缆则从配重上的竖直通孔中穿过，配重为圆柱形或立方形或左右对称的固体，且所述贯穿孔经过配重的几何中心和质心，两根副绳缆要分别系在配重的左右两侧；贯穿孔的上下两个入口处安装导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳，主绳缆从导缆钳/双滚轮导缆钳中穿过；
第六种，多绳导向式：控绳机构有两套相同的共轴的间隔一定轴向距离的环链轮/摩擦轮/主卷筒以及所配套的采能索，两根采能索在穿过机架底端的各自的导缆器/双滚轮导缆器后继续向下延伸，分别从所述配重上的相隔一定距离的两竖直通孔中穿过，最后连接到重力锚上；
优选的：配重上的竖直孔的上下出入口处安装有引导绳索进入的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳；优选的：还包括拉力调配机构，有3种设计：
设计1：采用滑轮方式，即：由控绳机构向下延伸的原本要连接重力锚的两根采能索，改为在靠近重力锚上方处合为一股并绕过一滑轮，该滑轮的滑轮架所述重力锚挠性/万向连接；
设计2：所述波浪能采集转换系统与控绳机构的连接采用U形环方式，即：控绳机构机架左侧固结一短轴的一端，右侧也固结另一短轴的一端，两个短轴同轴线，所述两个短轴分别插入一U形环的两个孔中，U形环的中段外侧与所述波浪能采集转换系统连接；所述短轴轴线与两根采能索所穿过的两个导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳的位置连线垂直，且与该连线中点重合；
设计3：所述两根采能索先不连接所述重力锚，改为先分别连接一硬直杆的两端，该硬直杆再通过V形绳索连接重力锚，即：V形绳索的两个顶端分别与硬直杆的两端连接，V形绳索的底端与重力锚挠性/万向连接；
所述波浪能采集转换系统与控绳机构机架的连接采用U形环/单绳/V形绳索连接方式；U形环连接即设计2的连接方式，单绳连接即：一根缆绳一端连接所述WEC，另一端连接到控绳机构机架顶端上的系点，且该系点要在两根采能索的中心线与控绳机构顶端的交点上；V形绳索连接方式即：V形绳索所在平面要先与两被拉直的采能索平行，然后将V形绳索的底端放到所述中心线的延长线上，然后V形绳索的两顶端连接到控绳机构机架顶端；该V形绳索底端与WEC连接；优选的：V形绳索所在平面与两采能索所在平面重合；
第七种,双悬链挡杆式：复位索所连接的配重的两侧各系一根锚链，两根锚链向两侧向下叉分开，每根锚链的另一端分别连接一锚基；锚链也可替换为锚缆，但应在锚缆中间系重块； 也可省掉配重，这样复位索与两根锚链/锚缆直接连接组成倒Y字结构；优选的：采能索下半段可替换为硬直杆，该硬直杆底端与所述重力锚挠性/万向连接；
第八种，直筒导向式：控绳机构的机架为一个只有在底面有开口的半封闭壳体，壳体底面连接一竖立直筒，直筒底端封闭，顶端开口并与控绳机构的壳体合并为一个腔，所述配重处在直筒内，与直筒内壁存有间隙，配重上方的复位索穿过的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳省掉，而采能索穿过的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳改为安装在滑筒底部外侧面；配重也可替换为拉簧，拉簧的另一端固定在滑筒内的底部；
第九种，穿吊锚式：在控绳机构机架在自转方向上被约束(比如采取手段可以是：机架顶端与波浪发电机浮体底部固结，而浮体又被多点系泊锚定而无法自转)的前提下，可采用本防缠机构，吊锚即被悬吊在水中的所述重力锚，有两种，直连吊锚和滑轮吊锚，直连吊锚：所述重力锚两侧分别与悬吊它的、向上叉分开的两根绳子的一端连接，所述两根绳子的另一端各自连接海面上间隔一定距离的一浮子，该两浮子被锚定；滑轮吊锚：一根缆绳从一凹槽滑轮绕过，所述重力锚顶端与所述滑轮的滑轮架固结，所述缆绳的两端分别连接到海面上的分隔开一定距离的两个浮子上，两个浮子被锚定；
所述复位索从上述吊锚上的竖直通孔中穿过后，继续向下延伸连接配重；
优选的：在所述吊锚竖直通孔的上下两个入口处安装导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳，所述复位索从该导缆钳/双滚轮导缆钳中穿过；
第十种，Г形导向杆式：在控绳机构机架在自转方向上被约束的前提下(防转方法见穿吊锚式)，可应用于本防缠机构，具体为：所述采能索下半段用Г形导向杆代替，即采能索先连接到Г形导向杆的直角拐点处，然后Г形导向杆的长杆部分的底端通过互相勾住的一对锁环连接到所述重力锚上，所述复位索从安装在Г形导向杆的短杆部分外端的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳中穿过，配重上设有竖直导向孔，Г形导向杆的长杆部分从安装在配重竖直导向孔的上下出入口处的导缆器中穿过；Г形导向杆的长杆部分为矩形截面，长杆部分四个侧面与配重上的导缆器的四滚轮一一紧贴；所述配重湿重要大于采能索+Г形导向杆的湿重；
优选的：本节，控绳机构机架为一只有底端开口的半封闭壳体，控绳机构的主轴及其轴承&座、电控制动器、直线旋转运动转换机构的旋转构件均安装在控绳机构的内腔中；
节VI：对于采用摩擦轮+绳索的控绳机构，绳索为一根，而摩擦轮可以为串联的两个，以组成摩擦轮组，具体为：摩擦轮与齿轮轴连，摩擦轮、齿轮、轴及其轴承&座构成一个摩擦轮齿轮单元，轴通过轴承&座安装在控绳装置的机架上，2个同样的摩擦轮齿轮单元轴线平行、同向、端面对齐且依次紧挨的安装在机架上，两个摩擦轮齿轮单元的齿轮啮合，但每个摩擦轮大小要小于齿轮，所以摩擦轮之间并不干涉；摩擦轮组的其中一个单元的齿轮与电控制动器的转子轴连，所述绳索依次蜿蜒绕过每个摩擦轮齿轮单元的摩擦轮，所谓蜿蜒绕过是指：绳索在前行中，绕第一个摩擦轮与绕第二个摩擦轮的方向相反；
优选的：同样的2个以上摩擦齿轮单元，均按照上述规则安装，摩擦齿轮单元的齿轮串序啮合，所述绳索仍为一根，依啮合次序蜿蜒绕过每个摩擦齿轮单元的摩擦轮，整个摩擦轮组仍只有一个摩擦齿轮单元的轴与电控制动器的转子轴连。
优选的：与电控制动器转子轴连的是：从复位索侧数，第一个摩擦轮齿轮单元的轴。
节VII：重力锚可采用直连/滑轮两种被悬吊方案，直连吊锚结构是：波浪发电机的浮体两侧各置一浮标，每个浮标各系一根缆绳，这两根缆绳的另一端连接到所述重力锚上；
滑轮吊锚结构是：波浪发电机的浮体两侧各置一个浮标，一根缆绳的两端分别系在这两个浮标上，这根缆绳的中部靠近所述重力锚的上方处，并绕一滑轮，该滑轮的滑轮架底端与所述重力锚连接，从上方下来的本来要连接重力锚的采能索，改为连接到所述滑轮架顶端；而对于悬吊重力锚的缆绳与滑轮的连接，也可替换为以下三种衍生连接方式：
1)：重力锚是立方体，重力锚顶面的四个顶点分别安装一个顶滑轮(重力锚上方的滑轮)，这样重力锚顶面上的两个对边上各有两个定滑轮，每个对边的顶滑轮在一根索道上滚动，两根索道在重力锚左侧合为一股，并绕一滑轮，该滑轮的滑轮架与左侧用于悬吊该重力锚的缆绳连接，同样两根索道在重力锚右侧也是合为一股，并绕另一滑轮，该滑轮的滑轮架与右侧的用于悬吊重力锚的缆绳连接；
2)：重力锚为立方体，在重力锚的前后两侧面上部各安装一导缆器，并在重力锚的右侧两竖直棱边上安装两个导向滑轮，悬吊重力锚的缆绳依次穿过后导缆器、右后棱边的导向滑轮、右前棱边的导向滑轮、前导缆器，两导缆器及两导向滑轮与顶面距离相等；
3)：重力锚为立方体，两根硬直杆平行、端面对齐的分别穿过重力锚上间隔一定距离且两横向通孔，两硬直杆左右两端分别与左右两个钢架固结，两侧的悬吊缆绳分别通过V形绳索与两侧钢架连接，即V形绳索的两顶点连接钢架两端，V形绳索的底端连接悬吊缆绳；
对于上述直连、滑轮吊锚、衍生滑轮吊锚方案，优选的：所述波浪发电机的浮体与浮标之间用一根绳子连接；
优选的：当多个波浪发电机在一起运行时，多个波浪发电机的浮体排成一列，每个波浪发电机浮体之间以及队列首尾均放置一个浮标，浮体与浮标之间用绳子连接，首尾的浮标各系一根锚链，该锚链的另一端向队列外侧延伸最后连接到一锚上；
优选的：连接前述波浪发电机的浮标与所述浮体的所述绳子中间系有重块；
优选的：所述波浪发电机浮体通过V形绳索与绳子连接，即，V形绳索的两个顶端分别与浮体顶端底端连接，V形绳索的底端与绳子连接；
优选的：所述阵列中的浮体、浮标，也向垂直队列的方向上引出锚链，锚链底端连接锚；
优选的：在所述浮标/浮体上安装可人工或电子自动化控制的卷扬机/绞车，以根据海上波况收进或放出绳子/锚链；
节VIII：对于控绳机构，还包括补气系统；控绳机构的机架为一全封闭壳体或只有底端开口的半封闭壳体，控绳机构的主轴及其轴承&座、电控制动器、直线旋转转换机构均安装在控绳机构的内腔中，补气系统包括电动气泵、气管、水浸传感器、单片机控制模块及辅助电源，电动气泵安装在海面浮体上的空气环境中，一根气管一端连接气泵排气口，另一端伸入控绳机构的腔内，一水浸传感器安装在腔内，该水浸传感器通过信号线发信息给单片机控制模块，单片机控制模块对电动气泵进行开关控制，如电动气泵停机后气体会回流，则在电动气泵的出气口通过准出单向阀接所述气管。
节IX：对于控绳机构，可将超越离合器/扭矩限制器插入到由直线旋转运动转换机构的旋转构件到电控制动器的动力传递路线中，具体为：所述直线旋转运动转换机构的旋转构件与超越离合器/扭矩限制器的一端轴连，或通过链式/齿轮/皮带传动机构与超越离合器/扭矩限制器的这一端联动，超越离合器/扭矩限制器的另一端与所述电控制动器的转子轴连；所述电控制动器定子固定在机架上；当所述电控制动器处于制动状态时，直线旋转转换机构的旋转构件的可转动方向，应与复位索拉力对其产生的力矩方向相同；
节X：控绳装置包括作为控绳电气模块、执行机构，执行机构也叫控绳机构，控绳电路包括所述单作用液压缸的监测做功行程结束的传感器、MCU控制模块及辅助电源、导线，单片机控制模块通过行程结束传感器获取活塞做功行程结束的信号，然后对控绳机构中的电控制动器进行控制，对于双浮体&重力复位型波浪能采集转换系统，行程结束传感器也可以为安装在立柱顶端的限位块处，在所述环形浮体接近顶端时发出信号给MCU控制模块。
本发明具有以下优点：
1)单浮体压差复位方案，液压缸置于浮体之上的设计，使得液压缸的泄油能够在重力作用下流入开式油箱，降低了污染海水的风险，而设备舱是全封闭壳体，杜绝海水进入设备舱内这一隐患。而浮体采用设备舱+浮力舱这种可分离结构，使得维护更加方便。
2)双浮体重力复位型WEC，使得单作用液压缸的复位不再需要低压蓄能器提供压力复位，可直接从开式油箱中吸油，省掉了补油系统，减少了系统复杂性。
3)本发明中的弹簧+重块组成的弹簧振子系统，可以使得在波谷的时候，采能索受到更大的拉力，减少弯曲和波高利用损失。
4)控绳机构机架与WEC连接的方案，使得浮体与控绳机架的距离短且基本稳定，使得控绳装置的导线可以短，提高了可靠性。同时因为控绳装置离水面距离近，方便维护。
5)本发明中的控绳机构利用配重收绳，寿命长、可靠性高、收绳力度大，不会像弹簧那样存在疲劳、收绳力量小等问题。而防缠机构则避免了采能索与复位索直接的缠绕现象。而采用环链轮+锁链(摩擦轮+绳索)作为直线旋转运动转换机构，因为不变径(卷筒的往往要变径)，采能索拉力等于配重，结构简单，体积小，收绳力量大。
6)采用摩擦轮组作为直线旋转运动转换机构，绳索只缠一次，避免了采用卷筒时轴线方向上排绳宽度过宽问题，同时多摩擦轮组能够大大增强单根绳索的工作拉力，同时让绳缆得以在更小弯曲半径下工作，可以减小输出给电动控制器的扭矩，降低成本。
7)吊锚方案，使得重力锚可以悬在水中，摆脱了水深的制约(如果水深太深，采能索长度过长，则其弹性形变很大，将会导致部分波高用在拉长绳索上而不是做功)，还可让重力锚一直处于浮体下方，使采能索近乎竖直，避免了海流影响采集发电的问题。
8)本发明中，控绳机构的机架采用只有底端开口的半封闭壳体，采能索/复位索又可以从下方出入，而空气还可以储存其中，从而很简便的解决了控绳机构内部零件的防水问题。本发明中的补气系统，又进一步提高了防水保障能力。
附图说明
图1：绳控液压缸波浪发电机示意图(压差复位式、环链轮、Г形导向杆)
图2：双绳导向式控绳机构结构图(卷筒、气泵注气)
图2A：U形环悬吊控绳装置结构图
图2B：滑轮均衡双采能索的结构图
图3：电控制动器结构图(电磁铁、弹簧、制动主缸、鼓式制动器)
图4：单采能索双复位索防缠+卷筒式控绳机构结构图
图5：双悬链挡杆式防缠结构示意图
图6：单悬链防缠+摩擦轮组式控绳机构侧视图
图7：双绳导向式防缠机构+摩擦轮组式控绳机构示意图(V形绳索上下连接)
图8：织带+摩擦轮式控绳机构(V形绳索上下连接)
图9：滚链轮式控绳机构+压差复位WEC
图10：滚链轮式控绳机构+双浮体重力复位型WEC
图11：拉簧收绳控绳机构+双浮体重力复位型WEC+吊锚
图12：压差复位式波浪能采集系统(设备舱+浮力舱)剖面图(液压缸上置)
图13：一列多波浪发电机工作时采用两侧浮标吊锚示意图
图14：一列应用吊锚方案的WEC示意图(旁标侧拉防缠、穿吊锚防缠)
图15：多列应用吊锚的WEC方案
图16：V形绳索与吊锚组合的结构图
图17：悬吊缆绳侧绕吊锚结构图
图18：摩擦轮组控绳机构+双浮体重力复位A型WEC
图19：双浮体重力复位B型WEC(液压系统主要安装在环状浮体上)
1-浮体：钢制外壳；2-液压缸；3-活塞杆；4-高压蓄能器；5-滤油器；6-液压马达；7-发电机；8-低压蓄能器；9-做功行程结束探头：感应活塞到达行程结束位置的传感器，可为霍尔传感器/感应金属接近的电感式接近开关；10-伸缩管：波纹管形状的可以伸缩的管，橡胶材料制成；11-导缆器：四滚柱式导缆器，两对相互轴线平行、端面对齐，但有间隙的辊子，互相垂直叠放安装在一支架上，被导向物从每对圆柱体间隙通过。12-导线；13-控绳机构的外壳：也是控绳机构的机架。14-U形环：形状与去掉了销子的起重吊装用的U形环一样，两端有同轴线的孔；15-超越离合器；16-电控制动器：可以用电来控制的制动器，旋转式，包括有一个转子、一个定子，定子安装在机架上；电控制动器分为直接控制或间接控制，直接控制的有：电磁离合器、电磁制动器，而对于汽车上ABS防抱死系统中，ECU通过控制电磁阀来控制盘式刹车器，则是间接控制的电控制动器；17-重力锚；18-配重：比重大于水，其重力作为收绳动力；19-Г形导向杆：Г形，钢制，长杆部分为矩形截面；20-双滚轮导缆钳：轴线平行、端面对齐、且轮缘紧挨安装的两个凹槽滑轮，绳索被夹在两滑轮之间，滑轮抗轴向力强，且双滚轮的轮缘应紧贴，以防绳索从侧面逃脱，与导缆器可互换；21-主绳缆；22-锁链；23-主卷筒；24-绳索；25-链式传动；26-密封圈；旋转用密封圈；27-活塞；28-压链轮：通过弹簧力压着链条，在配重失重时可维持链条的拉力；29-环链轮；30-采能索；31-电磁铁；32-衔铁；33-拉簧；34-制动主缸；35-液压管；36-鼓式制动器的从动缸；37-副卷筒；38-电动气泵；39-气管；40-水浸传感器；41-主轴；42-副轴；43-副绳缆；44-第三绳子；45-扭矩过载保护器：提供扭矩过载保护，一旦过载则脱离或失效，可以是延时可恢复型、手动恢复型和不可恢复需置换型；46-抓地锚；47-齿轮；48-摩擦轮：通过键与其主轴固结，类似V带轮车有凹槽，但凹槽底部为半圆形，凹槽表面覆盖聚氨酯或橡胶的材料，以增强摩擦和耐磨性，绳索绕在凹槽里，49-第二绳子；50-复位索51-重块：比重大于水；52-水下浮力舱；53-竖直杆；增大绳索拉力点的力臂，，当竖直杆倾斜时，可增大纠正力矩，减少浮体摇摆。54-轴承&座：轴承及其所配套的轴承座；55-V形绳索；56-滑轮；57-缆绳；58-锚链；59-浮标；60-浮子；61-硬直杆：笔直的硬质杆；62-滑轮架；63-直筒：笔直的管；64-短轴；65-压辊：可自由转动的圆柱体；66-织带；67-浮力舱：短圆管外形的空心壳体，旋转剖面是矩形，内部也可以充填泡沫，比重小于水，以提供浮力；68-三脚架；三根钢杆一端固接在一起，它们的另一端均等叉分开，类似相机的三脚架；69-设备舱上盖；70-吊钩；71-竖管：竖立的圆管或方管；72-开式油箱；73-补油泵；74、设备舱：短圆管外形的空心壳体，旋转剖面是矩形，全密封，内部可安装设备；75-吊环；76-绳子；77-导向滑环：环状，绳索从中穿过，引导绳索运动；78-盛油碗；碗形，钢制或塑料制。79-控绳装置；80-环状浮体：短圆管外形的空心壳体，旋转剖面是矩形；81-立柱；82-导向滚轮：固定脚轮，起引导运动方向作用。83-П支架：钢制П形状，或为与OPT公司的Powerbuoy一样的三腿架，即平放的Y形横梁的每个顶点向下伸出腿，形成3腿结构的支架；84-挠性/万向连接：可以是锁链/绳，或互相勾住的一对锁环， 也可以为球铰；允许互相连接的两部件有一定的角度变化的连接方式。85-筒形防雨罩：竖立的管状，底端开口，顶端封闭，与П支架/三腿架横梁底面固结，套在立柱上；86-导轨；87-圆饼状端盖；88-钢架；89-垫块；91-绳结：绳子上系的限位固体，绳结轮廓大于滑轮架的间隙而无法通过。92-滚链轮；93-滚子链；102-凸缘：凸起的边缘，限位用；103-复位结束探头：用于监测复位行程到终点的接近开关或传感器。104-第二拉簧；105-刹车蹄；106-限位块；107-卷扬机；
具体实施方式
下面结合附图来进一步进行说明。
节I：本发明的绳控液压缸波浪发电机，包括波浪能采集转换系统(即WEC)、控绳装置、重力锚，WEC位于水面，通过其下方的控绳装置连接重力锚；控绳装置包括两个相对运动可控的构件，分别是机架和细长构件，机架在上细长构件在下时，机架顶端作为与WEC的连接点，细长构件底端作为与重力锚的连接点，而当机架在下细长构件在上时，机架作为与重力锚的连接点，细长构件顶端作为与WEC的连接点，控绳装置相当于提供一个相对于重力锚距离可调的基准点，WEC利用浮体与水下的这个基准点间的相对运动来做功发电。
本WEC有两大类，一是单浮体压差复位型WEC，另一种是双浮体重力复位型WEC。
节II：单浮体压差复位型WEC，图1上部分是典型的单浮体压差复位型WEC。
看图12，是一种新型的单浮体压差复位型WEC。本图的浮体是浮力舱67与设备舱74的组合(后有解释)，姑且先只把设备舱74作为浮体不考虑浮力舱67，浮体(即设备舱74)的结构可以是：一封闭壳体，中心贯穿一竖直管，去除直管管内的壳体部分后形成一个中心有贯穿孔的全封闭壳体，本图设备舱74为圆柱形外形、轴线有贯穿孔的全密封中空壳体；所述设备舱74的贯穿孔下出口处(图中是通过竖立管71安装导缆器，当然也可省掉竖立管71)安装有导缆器11，一个三脚架68的三个底脚(只画了2个)固定在浮体顶面上，该三脚架68的顶端处在所述贯穿孔的正上方，该三脚架顶端通过锁链22连接一单作用液压缸2的缸体顶端，该单作用液压缸2的活塞杆柄所连接的绳索24先后从浮体中心孔、导缆器11中穿过，最后连接到控绳装置机架13上；发电机及除单作用液压缸2外的液压系统均在设备舱74内；
本图方案是利用压差复位的，工作时，高压蓄能器压强>>低压蓄能器压强>大气压。在浮体随波浪上升时，浮体相对于控绳机构13向上运动，绳索24对活塞杆3产生向下拉力，活塞挤出的高压液压油先后通过准出单向阀(站在液压缸有杆腔立场只准出)、滤油器、高压蓄能器，推动液压马达旋转带动发电机发电，然后又进入低压蓄能器中。在浮体随波浪下降时，低压蓄能器压强减去大气压的压差将会在活塞上产生向上拉力，使得活塞复位，同时液压油也会从低压蓄能器中、经准入单向阀(对液压缸有杆腔来讲只准入)，进入液压缸2的有杆腔内。如此循环(箭头表示液压油流动方向)，关于更详细原理可参看CN 103104408A。
此设计的亮点在于将液压缸2置于浮体外部上方。液压缸2的活塞杆柄部与一碗口朝上的盛油碗78的碗底固结，为保护液压缸活塞杆免受外界含盐水气腐蚀，在活塞杆上套一伸缩管10，伸缩管10的下端口与盛油碗78外缘对接密封，伸缩管10上端口套在液压缸2缸体上并与其侧面连接并密封，这样伸缩管10内部就形成了一个腔，叫波纹腔，一气管39一个管口与伸缩管内的波纹腔上部接通，另一管口朝下。气管39的作用是让波纹腔与大气相通，保持内外平衡，同时让液压缸泄出的液压油能够向下流动，底部的盛油碗78将泄漏的液压油收集起来。液压缸2的泄油软管35分别从缸体无杆腔内上部和盛油碗78内引出，然后合为 一路，从设备舱顶盖69钻入设备舱腔内，最后进入开式油箱72，补油泵73从开式油箱72中抽取液压油注入到上述闭式液压循环管路中。补油泵73是电机驱动的，MCU(即单片机)从开式油箱内的液位传感器中获取液压油的高度信息，对所述电机启停进行控制。另外波纹管在空气中，即使撕裂，也不会有海水进入波纹腔内，也不会有油流到大海里，设备舱74底部完全密封，上部也仅连接了一根泄油管且其管口高悬，保证了安全可靠性。
另外图14左也包含了与本图一样的单浮体压差复位型WEC。
现在来解释一下由设备舱与浮力舱组合成的浮体结构。
在上面设备舱74的基础上，增加浮力舱67，浮力舱67可为一环状浮体(本图为矩形截面的圆环体)，浮力舱67与设备舱74的连接方式可以有两种：
一种是嵌入式(图12)，即：浮力舱67环内孔稍大于设备舱74外轮廓，设备舱74嵌入浮力舱67的环内孔中，二者可通过螺栓连接在一起，也可以在设备舱顶盖69或浮力舱67环内孔的底部设限位凸缘102，以阻止设备舱74相对于浮力舱67下落，或者是：浮力舱的环内孔的内表面或设备舱的外侧面为上粗下细的锥面，设备舱楔入浮力舱的环内孔内；
另一种是叠加式(无图)，即：所述浮力舱环内孔要小于所述设备舱外轮廓，设备舱74的底面固定到浮力舱67顶面上，所述设备舱底面的导缆器，改到安装在所述浮力舱环内孔下出口处；所述单作用液压缸的活塞杆底端的绳索先后从设备舱中心孔、浮力舱环内孔、安装在浮力舱底端的导缆器中穿过后，向下延伸最后连接到控绳装置；
之所以将浮体设计成设备舱与浮力舱两个可分离的部分，主要是为了方便维护。当需要维护设备舱时，只需用绳子44将浮力舱67底面与控绳机架13连接起来，将绳索24下方与控绳机构机架13的连接件：吊环75与吊钩70分离，船上的吊机勾住三脚架75顶端的挂环，就可将设备舱吊到甲板上。而控绳机构13则被绳子44吊在水中而不会下沉。为避免环状浮体67倾斜，绳子44最好是同样的两根，且它们的系点都左右对称。
节III：另一种绳控液压缸WEC是双浮体重力复位型WEC，分为A型和B型，双浮体重力复位A型(图18)的结构是：一空心立柱81(圆柱形)，竖直放置，顶端开口底端封闭，一环状浮体80套在立柱81上，且环状浮体80内壁与立柱81侧面存有一定间隙，环状浮体80顶面固定着竖立着П支架83/(或三腿架)，П支架83/三腿架的中心线与立柱81轴线重合，一竖立的单作用液压缸2的活塞杆柄与П支架83(或三腿架)横梁底面中心挠性/万向连接84，单作用液压缸2的缸体末端与立柱腔内底面挠性/万向连接84，液压系统循环路线是(管路旁的箭头方向)：开式油箱72、准入单向阀、所述单作用液压缸的有杆腔、准出单向阀、蓄能器、液压马达，液压马达带动发电机发电；
优选的：如果立柱81直径太小浮力不足，则立柱81的底端可固结一圆柱形/椭球形的水下浮力舱52，以增大浮力，二者中心线重合。
优选的：立柱81，或水下浮力舱52(如果有)底端与一竖直杆/竖直管71的顶端固结，且二者中心线重合；
立柱81+水下浮力舱52(如果有)+竖直杆/竖直管71(如果有)，是一个固结在一起的整体，定义为立柱总体。立柱总体的底端连接控绳装置的上连接点。
液压系统安装在立柱81内或水下浮力舱52内(本文大部分附图，用圆角矩形虚线框包围的液压系统其所在位置用箭头标出)。但如果将液压缸2倒置，液压系统则安装在环状浮体80内(见图19)，由液压缸2油口出来的液压管贴着液压缸2缸体向上延伸到П支架83顶梁， 然后向一侧延伸，然后顺着一侧的П支架83向下，最后又钻入环状浮体80腔内。
原理：如图18，在小浪下，控绳装置79处于制动的情况下，环状浮体80的上下运动未达到上下行程终点，当波浪下落时，环状浮体80的部分重力通过П支架83、液压缸2会施加到立柱81上(环状浮体80的部分重力还是依靠其所受浮力)，此时立柱总体+控绳机构79应具有足够的净浮力，以保证立柱81不会被环状浮体80压着下降，这样环状浮体80相对于立柱总体下落，因为液压缸2活塞杆柄和缸体末端分别连接着П支架83和立柱81底部，所以液压缸2被压缩，从而从开式油箱72中，经准入单向阀抽取液压油。当波浪上升时，环状浮体80通过П支架83、液压缸2对立柱总体施加一个向上的拉力，因为控绳装置79锁定了控绳机架13与重力锚17间的绳索长度，立柱81不能向上运动，所以环状浮体80相对于立柱总体上升，此时液压缸2受拉从而挤出高压液压油，该高压液压油先后经过准出单向阀、蓄能器稳压后驱动液压马达旋转，流到开式油箱72。液压马达带动发电机旋转发电。
但如果波浪的幅度超出了上述工况，其下方的控绳装置会做出反应。比如波浪上升，环状浮体80已经上升到达行程极限，控绳装置会释放绳索(关于控绳装置请看后文分解)，此时立柱81上浮(按照设计，立柱总体所受净浮力要大于由控绳机构的收绳构件对其所产生的向下拉力)，因为环状浮体80是跟随波面缓慢上升，而立柱总体是由水下快速上浮，所以环状浮体80就相对于立柱总体作向下运动，于是液压缸2受到压缩复位，然后控绳装置再锁定绳索。而在波浪下落时，首先是环状浮体80落到工作行程最低点，液压缸2得以压缩复位。然后如果水面继续下降，则环状浮体80+立柱总体+控绳机构79的整体所受的净浮力将变小(环状浮体80的吃水线的下降，导致所受浮力大大减少)，整个WEC将不得不下落，此时控绳装置在收绳构件作用下收绳。
因为是靠环状浮体80的重力来驱动液压缸2的活塞复位的，所以叫双浮体重力复位型WEC，本案的双浮体机构(不包括液压系统)与OPT公司的PowerBuoy几乎一样。另外图10、11、14右也是这样的结构。
优选的：为减少摩擦，可在环状浮体80内环壁上安装上下两层导向滚轮82，每层的导向滚轮82都是呈3个以上均布，这样当环状浮体80上下运动时，导向滚轮82可在立柱81上下滚动，引导环状浮体80上下运动。另外也可以采用导轨方式，见图19，竖直的两导轨86的上下两端通过钢架88与立柱81固结，该两根导轨分别穿过环状浮体80上的两个竖直孔，导轨86表面及环状浮体80的竖直孔内壁上涂覆低摩擦系数材料例如聚四氟乙烯。
另外图18中，液压缸2的缸体末端通过锁链22(或互相勾住的两个锁环)与立柱81腔内底部连接，在锁链22两侧，有两垫块89固定在立柱81腔内底部，垫块89高度略小于液压缸缸体2底端与立柱81腔内底部间隙，因为锁链22可以拉但不可以压，如果其受压，则液压缸2可能会偏向一边，而且液压缸2还会上下移动，导致波高利用损失，而在采用了垫块89后，当液压缸2向下压的时候，垫块89能够顶住液压缸2缸体。同理，垫块89也可应用到本说明书中其他有挠性连接、而又存在受压工况的地方。
另外环状浮体80的上下运动应该有限位机构，当然液压缸本身也可有限位作用，在环状浮体80上升/下降到一定程度活塞会撞击缸体，但这对液压缸是不好的，所以应专门设置限位块(见图11中，安装在立柱81上的限位块106)，对于图18来说，水下浮力舱52顶部或П支架83可以作为行程下限限位块，而环状浮体80的行程上限限位可以是在立柱81顶端加凸缘102。而对于图19，导轨86的上下两个钢臂88可作为环状浮体80的上下限位块。
第二种双浮体重力复位B型WEC，以图19做说明，与A型的结构大部分一样，所不同的是：增加了滑轮重块机构。立柱总体+控绳机构79的整体可以不必保持足够净浮力，甚至比重大于水。具体为：滑轮56的滑轮架与环状浮体80底面连接，一根绳子76一端连接一重块51，另一端向上延伸，绕过所述滑轮56后又向下延伸，最后系在立柱81上(图中只画了单侧的滑轮56+绳子76，实际应为2组滑轮&绳子，且关于立柱轴线对称，且滑轮固定点应避免在滑轨86所在的立柱轴截面内，以免与滑轨86干涉，图中就是干涉了)。控绳装置79的其中一个可控相对运动构件的顶端与立柱总体的底端连接。
原理：如图19，小浪下，控绳装置79处于制动状态，立柱总体的与重力锚17之间的绳索长度是固定的。环状浮体80的上下运动没有到达上下运动行程的终点。此时，重块51的湿重(本说明书，湿重＝水中的物体所受重力减去它所受到的浮力)对绳子76施加向下拉力，该拉力沿着绳子76，经过定滑轮56后改为向上拉立柱81。只要重块51的湿重足够大，就可以保证：绳子76对立柱总体提供足够的向上拉力使得立柱总体+控绳装置79不下沉，即使立柱总体+控绳装置79比重大于水。这样立柱总体既不能向上(控绳装置锁定了绳索长度，不能拉长)，又不能下沉，所以立柱总体就成为一个稳定的相对运动参考点。
环状浮体52随浪起伏，其相对于立柱81上下运动，通过П支架83带动液压缸2拉伸或缩回，波浪能采集做功与双浮体重力复位A型WEC是一样的。但在波浪下降阶段，重块51的湿重作用于绳子76，绳子76对定滑轮56产生向下的力，使得环状浮体80相对于立柱总体下降，使得液压缸得以复位。
再来说一下大浪情况下的环状浮体80超出工作行程的情况。当波面上升，环状浮体80到达行程最高点，此时控绳装置启动，释放绳索(关于控绳装置，请看后文分解)，立柱总体得以释放，此时立柱总体上升(因为按照设计，重块51的湿重拉力对立柱总体产生的向上拉力，要大于控绳装置的收绳构件18对立柱总体产生的向下拉力)，因为环状浮体80跟随波面缓慢上浮，而立柱总体由水下快速上浮，所以环状浮体80相对于立柱总体作向下运动，所以液压缸2得以被压缩复位。过了一会，控绳装置再次进入制动状态。
而当大浪的波面下落时，先是环状浮体80下落到行程最低点，液压缸2复位行程结束，如果水面继续下降，由于限位的作用，环状浮体80不能相对于立柱总体继续下降，做力学分析时，环状浮体80+立柱总体+控绳机构机架+重块51可以简化为一个对象，水面下降，则该对象所受浮力下降，将不得不下落，此时控绳装置在收绳构件作用下收绳。
优选的：见图19，所述重块51为环状，套在竖直杆53上，且重块51的环内侧与竖直杆53侧面保持间隙，重块51两侧各系一根绳子76(图中只画一套，实际为左右对称的两套)，该两根绳子76的另一端向上延伸，然后分别绕其上方的一滑轮56后向下延伸，最后连接在立柱81下方的竖直杆53上，所述两个滑轮56的滑轮架与所述环状浮体80底面的连接，两连接点关于立柱81轴线对称；进一步优选的：重块51环内安装上下两层导向滚轮组，每层3个以上导向滚轮均布，设计目的是：让重块51以竖直杆53作为导轨，避免重块51无约束的乱摆。
节IV：对于上面双浮体重力复位型WEC、单浮体压差复位型WEC，优选的：还包括拉簧重块机构，具体为：对于双浮体&重力复位B型WEC，重块与绳子间插入拉簧，即重块与拉簧一端连接，拉簧另一端与绳子的一端连接。而对于双浮体&重力复位A型WEC，见图10，其结构是：一拉簧33的一端与一重块51连接，拉簧33另一端连接绳子76，该绳子76 另一端向上延伸绕过一滑轮56后再向下延伸，最后系到所述立柱81上，所述滑轮56的滑轮架与环状浮体80底面连接；
对于单浮体压差复位型WEC，见图9左侧，结构为：一绳子76一端系在控绳装置的机架13上，该绳子76另一端向上延伸绕过一滑轮56后再向下延伸后系在拉簧33一端，拉簧33另一端与一重块51连接，所述滑轮56的滑轮架与浮体1底面连接；
原理：首先在静止状态下，重块51的湿重会导致拉簧33有一个原始伸长量，重块51的惯性与拉簧33构成一个振荡系统，在设好一定参数的情况下，可以达到下面振动效果：在波浪下落的后半期(假如水质点是顺时针运动，则下落后半期是从3点到6点)阶段，浮体(对于双浮体重力复位型WEC是环状浮体)随波浪减速下降，因拉簧33对重块51的拉力由其伸长量决定，而伸长量的改变由重块51相对于浮体的下落运动决定，在3点钟，重块51相对于绳子76向下运动，所以3点以后拉簧33的拉力继续增大，到波谷时，浮体竖直方向上速度接近0，而重块51的惯性导致拉簧33被拉的超过其原始伸长量，从而导致拉簧33拉力非常大，绳子76拉力也非常大，这个拉力经过滑轮56变向，对控绳机构产生非常大的向上拉力，从而有助于减少控绳机构的采能索的挠性形变，减少波高利用损失。而在浮体随波浪上升的后半期减速阶段，9点后浮体开始减速上升，由于拉簧33的长度缩短滞后，重块51相对于绳子76继续上升，重块51与绳子之间的距离缩小，拉簧33对重块51的向上拉力不断缩小，在接近12点时，拉簧33的伸长量小于原始伸长量，拉簧33拉力很小甚至是0，这对于浮体来说，带来的好处是：不必分担部分浮力来提重块51，可以有更多的浮力用来做功。
对于以上拉簧重块机构，重块51应有约束机构来引导它的运动，对于双浮体重力复位型WEC，可以把重块51做成环状，套在立柱总体的下段，环内加上下两层导向滚轮，每层3个以上均布。例如图10、18、19；而对于单浮体压差复位型WEC，见图12，浮体底部加一个竖管71，重块51做成环状套在竖管71上；同样上述重块51的环内壁上安装上下两层导向滚轮82，每层的导向滚轮3个以上均布。重块51以立柱81/竖立管71作为导轨上下运动。
对图12来说，因为浮体与控绳机构是靠绳索24连接的，设备舱74带着竖管71可能做各种倾斜运动，为避免擦到绳子76，增加以下设计：滑轮56安装在竖管71上部的孔处，且所述孔所位于的竖管轴截面与所述滑轮56轴线垂直，所述滑轮56一半露在竖管外，一半在竖管内，拉簧33一端连接重块51，另一端连接绳子76，绳子76另一端向上绕过孔处滑轮56后，进入竖管71内又向下延伸，通过竖管71底端的各自的导缆器11(本文中所有的导缆器11/双滚轮导缆器20都是不可多绳共用)后，再向下延伸最后连接到控绳机构机架13上。
另外重块51也可采用别的约束机构，见图9，左侧重块51左右两侧各安装上下两个滑环77，每侧的滑环77中各穿过一根绳子76，每根绳子76的一端连接控绳机构机架13，另一端向上延伸，绕过各自的滑轮56后，再向下延伸连接到同一拉簧33的一端，该拉簧33另一端连接重块51。两滑轮56的滑轮架与浮体底面连接。重块51是通过两根拉紧的绳子76来阻止重块51乱摆和旋转。再看右侧重块51，重块51安装在滑轨86上，滑轨86的底端与控绳机构挠性/万向连接84，滑轨86的顶端与绳子76的一端连接，绳子76的另一端向上绕过滑轮56后再向下延伸，连接一拉簧33的一端，拉簧33的另一端连接重块51。滑轮56的滑轮架与浮体1底面挠性/万向连接84。滑轨86是作为引导重块51运动的约束机构。当然图9的两种约束机构也可应用于双浮体重力复位型WEC。
节V：以上主要讲了绳控液压缸的WEC部分，下面讲控绳装置，包括控绳电气模块和执 行机构，控绳电气模块是控制部分，而执行机构也叫控绳机构，是控绳装置的机械部分，包括直线旋转运动转换及附属机构、防缠机构、电控制动器，本节的控绳机构的机架，都是与其上方的WEC连接，这是与CN 103104408 A不同的地方。
所述直线旋转运动转换机构的主轴通过轴承&座安装在所述机架上；直线旋转运动转换及附属机构有3种分别为；
第一种，滚链轮+滚链型，见图9、10，控绳机构结构为：控绳机构的机架13底端与一竖直的直筒63顶端固结，一配重18在直筒63内并与直筒63内壁有一定间隙，一根滚子链93一端连接作为收绳构件的配重18，另一端向上绕过滚链轮92后再向下进入直筒63继续延伸，连接一根绳索24的一端，该绳索24的另一端穿过所述配重18上的竖直贯穿孔后继续向下延伸，然后继续向下穿过安装在所述直筒63底端入口处的导缆器11后，继续向下系在绳控液压缸波浪发电机的重力锚17上；
第二种，环链轮+环链，或摩擦轮+绳索型：见图1，一锁链22一端连接绳控液压缸波浪发电机的重力锚17(图中锁链22是通过Г形导向杆连接重力锚)，另一端向上穿过安装在控绳机构的机架13底端的导缆器11后，绕过环链轮29后，再向下穿过安装在控绳机构机架底端的另一个导缆器11后，继续向下延伸，最后连接一作为收绳构件的配重18；
所述环链轮+锁链也可以替换为摩擦轮+绳索，见图6，一绳索24一端连接绳控液压缸波浪发电系统的重力锚17，另一端向上穿过安装在控绳机构机架13底端的导缆器11后，再绕过摩擦轮48(本图是多个摩擦轮，姑且先视为一个摩擦轮)后，再向下穿过安装在控绳机构机架13底端的另一个导缆器11后，继续向下延伸，最后连接一配重18；
第三种：主副卷筒型，见图4，具体为：主卷筒23与副卷筒37通过主轴41轴连(或通过齿轮/链式传动机构联动)，主绳缆21的一端固定并缠绕在主卷筒23上，该主绳缆21的另一端向下穿过一安装在控绳机构机架13底端的导缆器11后继续向下延伸，最后连接到绳控液压缸波浪发电机的重力锚17上，副绳缆43的一端固定并缠绕在副卷筒37上，该副绳缆43的另一端穿过安装在控绳机构机架底端的另一个导缆器11后连接一作为收绳构件的配重18，主绳缆21与副绳缆43的拉力在主轴41上产生的扭矩方向相反；收绳构件也可替换为拉簧(见图11)，拉簧33的另一端固定在机架13上，此时可省掉副绳缆所穿过的导缆器；
在上述提到的每个图中可见，上述三种直线旋转运动转换机构的旋转构件(滚链轮/摩擦轮/环链轮/主卷筒)通过主轴41与电控制动器16的转子轴连，直线旋转转换机构的旋转构件：主卷筒23也可通过链式25(见图2)或齿轮，或V带传动机构，与安装在所述机架13上的电控制动器16的转子联动，所述电控制动器16的定子固定在机架13上。所述直线旋转转换机构的旋转构件与绳控液压缸波浪发电机的重力锚17之间的绳索24/环链22/主绳缆21，定义为采能索，它就是前面提到的，与机架之间相对运动可控的细长构件；而直线旋转转换机构旋转构件与所述配重18之间的绳索24/环链22/副绳缆43，定义为复位索；
原理：控绳装置的控绳电气模块对执行机构的电控制动器16进行通电/断电，从而使其处于制动/松开状态。当处于制动状态时，电控制动器16的转子被锁定无法转动，与其轴连或联动的直线旋转转换机构的旋转构件也无法转动，所以采能索30就无法相对机架13直线运动，控绳机构机架13与重力锚17之间的采能索长度就固定下来，控绳机构机架13的高度就稳定下来，WEC的海面浮体可以以机架13作为相对运动参考点，来采集转换波浪能。
当电控制动器16处于松开状态时，其转子可以旋转，与其轴连或联动的直线旋转运动转 换机构的旋转构件也可以旋转，此时采能索可以相对机架13运动，收绳构件(配重18/拉簧33)的拉力经复位索在主轴41上产生的力矩与采能索上拉力产生的力矩相反，二者好比拔河，那边强就向那边转，当WEC的浮体带着控绳机构机架一起上升时，采能索拉力占上风，这样采能索被拉长，而复位索变短，此时如果控绳电气模块锁定电控制动器16，则控绳机构机架13与重力锚17之间的高度比先前的高，控绳机构机架这个参考点就到达了一个新的高度；而当WEC的浮体带着控绳机构机架下落时，控绳机构机架13与重力锚17之间距离缩短，采能索拉力消失，此时在收绳构件的作用力下直线旋转转换机构的旋转构件随之转动，从而收紧采能索，如果此时控绳电气模块锁定电控制动器16的话，则控绳机构机架13与重力锚17之间的距离固定下来并比之前缩短。以上就是精简型控绳机构的工作原理。
对于环链轮+环链型、摩擦轮+绳索型、以及采用配重作为收绳构件的主副卷筒型直线旋转运动转换机构的控绳机构，还需增加防止采能索与复位索互相缠绕的防缠机构，主要有：
第一种，单悬链侧拉式，见图6，一根悬锚链22一端系在所述配重18上，另一端向下向一侧延伸，最后连接到一抓地锚46上，该悬链也可替换为一段绳子，绳子中间系重块；
第二种，锚链滑轮侧拉式，见图13，WEC的浮体D的下方：一根绳子76一端连接配重18，另一端斜向下延伸一段距离后又绕一滑轮56后向下延伸，最后连接一重块51；所述滑轮56的滑轮架与用于锚定本WEC浮体(也可是其他浮标)的系泊系统的其中一根锚链58的中段某处挠性连接；也可省掉所述配重18，这样复位索50直接和绳子76一端连接，让重块51作为收绳用的配重；
第三种，旁标滑轮侧拉式：旁标，即WEC浮体附近的浮标。见图14，在绳控波浪发电机浮体B周围一定距离处增加一浮标C(浮标C属于吊锚阵列，也可以选浮体B周围其他浮标作为旁标)，所述浮体B及浮标C被系泊系统锚定在某处，一根绳子76一端系在所述配重18上，另一端延伸到浮标C下方，绕过一滑轮56后向下延伸，最后连接一重块51，所述滑轮56的滑轮架通过第二绳索49连接浮标C底面；也可以省掉上述配重18，而让复位索50直接和所述绳子76连接，让重块51作为收绳用的配重；
第四种，潜标滑轮侧拉式：一根绳子一端连接所述配重，另一端向下向一侧延伸，然后绕一滑轮后向上延伸，最后连接一水下浮子，所述滑轮滑轮架通过第二绳子连接另一锚基；或者省掉所述配重，即从浮体下来的复位索直接与一根绳子一端连接，该绳子另一端向下向一侧延伸，然后绕一滑轮后，最后连接一水下浮子，滑轮滑轮架通过第二绳子连接另一锚基；
以上四种采用重块51/水下浮子对配重18提供侧拉力的防双绳缠绕机构，其机理是：重块51/悬链22的湿重重力在绳子76上产生一个拉力，该拉力对配重18在水平方向上有一个分力，使得配重18向该侧始终偏离，从而避免复位索与采能索的互相缠绕。
优选的：对于以上四种，侧拉配重18的绳子79(或悬链22)，可不直接连接到配重18而是通过硬直杆61(见图14)连接配重18，即绳子76(或悬链22)与硬直杆61一端连接，硬直杆61另一端与配重18挠性/万向连接；这样做的好处是：配重18即使摇摆到了采能索30的左侧，只要硬直杆61的右端还在采能索30的右侧，那么配重18依然不能围绕采能索30旋转，因为硬直杆61是不能弯折的。硬直杆61的加入使得防缠能力进一步提高，挠性万向连接84使得硬直杆61可以跟随绳子76改变角度，以免在配重18上产生弯矩。
第五种，单采能索双复位索式，见图4：所述直线旋转转换机构为主副卷筒型，包括一个主卷筒23，两个共轴的且一样的副卷筒37，主绳缆21从配重18上的竖直贯穿孔中穿过；配 重为圆柱形或立方形或左右对称固体，且所述贯穿孔经过配重的几何中心和质心；两根副绳缆要分别系在配重的左右两侧；
原理：因为竖直孔穿过配重18的几何中心，所以海流的冲击力不会产生转矩，同样因为竖直孔穿过配重18的质心，主绳缆21晃动时配重的惯性力也不会产生转矩，万一配重18发生转动，那么两根副绳缆43将会互相缠绕，但在配重18的重力向下作用下会自行解开。
优选的：贯穿孔的上下两个入口处安装导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳20，主绳缆从导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳20中穿过；以减少摩擦。
第六种，多绳导向式：见图2，控绳机构有两套相同的共轴的间隔一定轴向距离的主卷筒23(或环链轮/摩擦轮)及所配套的采能索21，两根采能索21在穿过安装在机架13底端的各自对应的导缆器11/双滚轮导缆器后，继续向下延伸，分别从配重18上的相隔一定距离的两个竖直孔中穿过，最后连接到重力锚17上；
原理：这是利用两根被拉紧的采能索21作为轨道，引导配重18上下运动。当配重18自转时，两根弯曲的采能索21会对配重18施加一个反向力矩，阻止配重18旋转。
优选的：配重上的竖直孔的上下出入口处安装有引导绳索进出的双滚轮导缆钳20(或导缆器)，以减少绳索摩擦；
但图2这种设计可能会导致两根采能索21的拉力不一致，因为控绳机构机架13在大海中可能摇摆倾斜。所以为解决这个问题，优选的：引入拉力调配机构，有3种设计：
设计1：采用滑轮方式，见图2B，即：由控绳机构向下延伸的原本要连接重力锚17的两根采能索21，改为在靠近重力锚17上方处合为一股并绕过一滑轮56，该滑轮56的滑轮架再通过一根绳子连接重力锚17，滑轮56使得两根采能索21拉力始终一样；
设计2：见图2A，所述WEC与控绳机构的连接采用U形环14方式，控绳机构机架13的前侧固结一短轴64的一端，后侧也固结另一短轴的一端，两个短轴同轴线，所述两个短轴分别插入一U形环14的两个孔中，U形环14的中段外侧与所述WEC连接；所述短轴轴线与两根采能索21所穿过的两导缆器11的位置连线垂直，且与该连线中点重合；
原理：当WEC的浮体斜着拉U形环时，U形环绕短轴64顺时针或逆时针旋转，控绳机架13不随之旋转，两采能索21与短轴64的垂直距离相等，根据力学分析可知，此时两采能索21的拉力是相等的。而当WEC浮体前后摇摆时，因为这个方向上两根采能索21是对齐的，所以受力是一样的。
设计3：见图7，所述两根采能索30先不连接所述重力锚17，改为先分别连接一硬直杆61的两端，该硬直杆61再通过V形绳索55连接重力锚17，即：V形绳索55的两个顶端分别与硬直杆61的两端连接，V形绳索55的底端与重力锚17挠性/万向连接84；
而对于WEC与控绳机构机架的连接可采用U形环/单绳/V形绳索连接方式；U形环连接即设计2的连接方式，单绳连接(图2)即：一根缆绳一端连接所述WEC，另一端连接到控绳机构机架13顶端上的系点，且该系点要在两根采能索的中心线FF’(两根采能索21确定了一个平面，在这平面内有一根直线位于二者之间与二者平行且距离相等，这个就是中心线FF’)与控绳机构机架顶端的交点上；
V形绳索连接方式，即图7：控绳机构机架13上方的V形绳索55所在平面要先与两被拉直的采能索30平行，然后将V形绳索55的底端放到所述中心线FF’的延长线上，然后V形绳索的两顶端连接到控绳机构机架13顶端；
根据力学分析可知，采用了上述U形环/单绳/V形绳索连接方式，因为V形绳索55的底端是挠性/万向连接，所以无论控绳机架如何运动，WEC对控绳机构的力作用点以及重力锚对控绳机构的力作用点均在中心线FF’上，两根采能索30与该作用点的距离相等，所以两根采能索30所受拉力必然是相等的。
对于上部采用V形绳索的方案，V形绳索55所在平面与两平行采能索所在平面，可呈任何角度，而图7为重合关系，图中的直线旋转运动转换机构是摩擦轮48与采能索30，有可能出现两根采能索30拉出长度不等的情况，此时分析可知，拉出长度较长的那根采能索30受力较小，拉出较短的采能索受力较大，从而使得拉出较短的出现更多滑动摩擦，从而赶上拉出较长的，使得它们长度一致，也就是说此方案具备了自动调节两采能索长度的功能。
第七种,双悬链挡杆式，见图5：复位索50所连接的配重18的两侧各系一根锚链22，两根锚链向两侧向下叉分开，每根锚链22的另一端分别连接一重力锚17/抓地锚46；(锚链22也可替换为锚缆，但应在锚缆中间系重块)；也可省掉配重18，这样复位索50与两根锚链22(或锚缆)直接连接组成倒Y字结构；
原理：本方案是利用被悬吊的锚链22与采能索30之间的碰撞来阻止配重18围绕采能索30旋转，从而防止采能索与复位索互相缠绕，显然无论配重18怎么运动，采能索30一直在两根锚链22组成的连线的一侧，但为防止采能索30被磨损，采能索30下半段可以换成硬直杆61，硬直杆61底端与重力锚17挠性/万向连接84，以让硬直杆61能自由倾斜。
第八种，直筒导向式(无图)：控绳机构的机架为一个只有在底面有开口的半封闭壳体，壳体底面连接一竖直滑筒，滑筒底端封闭并与控绳机构的壳体合并为一个腔，配重与滑筒内壁保持间隙，配重上方的复位索穿过的导缆器省掉，而采能索穿过的导缆器改为安装在滑筒底部外侧；很显然，滑筒将复位索+配重限制在其内，避免了复位索与采能索的互相缠绕，同时把采能索所穿过的导缆器安装在滑筒底端外侧，也避免了采能索与滑筒的摩擦缠绕。
第九种，穿吊锚式，见图14：浮体D下面的吊锚即重力锚17，被两根绳缆57悬吊在水中；前述复位索50从所述重力锚17上的竖直贯穿孔中穿过后，继续向下延伸连接配重18；同样WEC浮体B下方的复位索50也可以采用类似防缠机构，但要求滑轮56的滑轮架要与重力锚17固结，另外要把控绳机构机架13约束住(例如：可以将控绳机构与双浮体重力复位型WEC的立柱固结，立柱被多点系泊系统锚定)不让其自转。
原理：因为吊锚17的两侧缆绳57会在重力锚自转时产生一个复位力矩来抑制它自转，所以重力锚17是不自转的，这样对于复位索50来说，其上端被控绳机构机架底部的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳约束，而下端又被重力锚的竖直贯穿孔约束，是不能绕着采能索30缠绕的。
优选的是，贯穿孔的上下两个入口处安装导缆器11/双滚轮导缆钳，复位索50从导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳中穿过；这样可以减少复位索50所受的摩擦。
第十种，Г形导向杆式：见图1，所述采能索(锁链22)下半段用Г形导向杆19代替，即采能索先连接到Г形导向杆19的直角拐点，Г形导向杆19的长杆部分底端通过互相勾住的一对锁环84连接所述重力锚17，所述复位索(控绳机架13与配重18间的锁链22)从安装在Г形导向杆的短杆外端的导缆器11/双滚轮导缆钳中穿过，配重18上设有竖直通孔，Г形导向杆的长杆部分从安装在所述竖直通孔的上下出入口处的导缆器11中穿过；Г形导向杆19的长杆部分为矩形截面，长杆部分四个侧面分别与配重18上的导缆器11的四滚轮一一紧贴；
原理：Г形导向杆19的长杆部分，充当了配重18的上下运动的导轨，配重18上的导缆 器11相当于导向的滚轮，这样配重18就不会相对于Г形导向杆19旋转了。因为Г形导向杆19与重力锚17之间的连接是一对锁环(一个与Г形导向杆底端固结，另一个与重力锚固结)，所以Г形导向杆不能做大角度旋转，因此只要控绳机构机架13被限制住旋转角度(可采用的限制自转方法见第九种防缠机构)，则Г形导向杆上方的采能索与复位索就不会互相缠绕。
本节的防缠机构也可应用于海上其他相近绳索间防缠场合，如US20130200626中的Fig6、Fig7、2C，CN101344063A的图1中的牵引绳3，申请号201610523880X中的采能索与复位索。
节VI：对于摩擦轮+绳索作为直线旋转运动转换机构的的控绳机构，所述摩擦轮可以为两个以上，以组成摩擦轮组，见图7，摩擦轮为2个，是从前视角画摩擦轮组的(图6是轴线视角，但摩擦轮为5个)。首先对最后的两个进行叙述，具体为：摩擦轮48与齿轮47轴连，摩擦轮48、齿轮47、轴41及其轴承&座54构成一个摩擦轮齿轮单元，轴41通过轴承&座54安装在控绳装置的机架13上，两个同样的摩擦轮齿轮单元轴线平行、同向、端面对齐且依次紧挨的安装在机架13上，两个摩擦轮齿轮单元的齿轮47啮合，但每个摩擦轮48大小要小于齿轮47，所以摩擦轮48之间并不干涉；摩擦轮组的其中一个单元的齿轮与(图中是通过超越离合器15)电控制动器16的转子轴连，绳索依次蜿蜒绕过每个摩擦轮齿轮单元的摩擦轮，所谓蜿蜒绕过是指：绳索在前行中，绕第一个摩擦轮与绕第二个摩擦轮的方向相反；
优选的：同样的5个摩擦齿轮单元，均按照上述平行、同向、且端面对齐规则安装，且摩擦齿轮单元的齿轮采用串序啮合(类同列车车厢的连接)，即A-B-C-D-E，一根绳索24依该啮合次序蜿蜒绕过每个摩擦齿轮单元的摩擦轮，整个摩擦轮组仍只有一个摩擦齿轮单元的轴41与电控制动器的转子轴连。
原理：当电控制动器16处于制动状态时，与其轴连的主轴41不能旋转，该轴41上的齿轮47也不能旋转，而与该齿轮47啮合的或间接啮合的齿轮47都不能旋转，所以所有摩擦轮都不能旋转，当绳索24拉动时，整列的每一个摩擦轮48都会对绳索24产生摩擦力，从而可以让这根绳索产生更大的摩擦力，与绳索在一个柱子上绕多圈效果一样。当电控制动器16处于松开状态时，与其轴连的主轴41可以旋转，同样可以推导出所有齿轮47、摩擦轮48都可以旋转，绳索24就可以带动整列摩擦轮48运动了。
优选的：见图6，在复位索一侧的第一个摩擦轮齿轮单元与电控制动器16轴连。好处在于：在电控制动器16锁定时，WEC的浮体随浪起伏，所以采能索24要承受时大时小的拉力脉冲，每一次浮体上升做功时，采能索24拉力增大，伸长一些(尽管绳索24可采用UHMWPE，刚性模量大，但仍有微小伸长量)，而在每一次浮体下落时，采能索24受力很小，所以又回缩一些。而因为所有齿轮间的啮合传动都是有间隙的，在绳索24第一次拉力高峰时，会通过摩擦力将所有摩擦轮转到一个位置，以后的每次受拉高峰，都是ABCD摩擦轮的微旋转来配合绳索24的微伸长，从而避免绳索在摩擦轮上的滑动摩擦，保护绳索24免受磨损。
本节的摩擦轮组+绳索机构也可应用于其他需要控制的拴绳索的场合，摩擦轮组所联接的电控制动器可以换成手动的制动机构。
节VII：另外对于绳控液压缸波浪发电机的重力锚，可以采用吊锚方案，吊锚(hanged anchor)即被悬吊在水中的重力锚，见图13、图14，重力锚17可采用直连/滑轮两种被悬吊方案，直连吊锚结构是：见图13浮体D、图14浮体D，其两侧各置一个浮标C、E，每个浮标各系一根缆绳57，这两根缆绳57的另一端连接到该WEC的重力锚17上；
滑轮吊锚结构：见图13中的浮体B、F和图14中的浮体B，浮体两侧各置一个浮标59， 一根缆绳57的两端分别系在这两个浮标59上，这根缆绳57的中部绕过一个靠近重力锚17的滑轮56，滑轮56的滑轮架底端与WEC的重力锚17顶面连接，从上方下来的本来要连接重力锚17的采能索30，改为连接到所述滑轮架顶端；
另外，关于悬吊缆绳57通过滑轮与重力锚的连接，还可以是替换成以下三种可纵移(纵向即沿两侧缆绳57所在的平面，横向即垂直于两侧缆绳57所在平面)衍生吊锚方案：
1)：重力锚是立方体外形，重力锚顶面的四个顶点分别安装一个顶滑轮(重力锚上方的滑轮)，这样重力锚顶面上的两个对边上各有两个定滑轮，每个对边的两顶滑轮各自在一根索道上滚动，两根索道在重力锚左侧合为一股，并绕一滑轮，该滑轮的滑轮架与左侧用于悬吊重力锚的缆绳连接，同样两根索道在重力锚右侧也是合为一股，并绕另一滑轮，该滑轮的滑轮架与右侧的用于悬吊重力锚的缆绳连接。
原理：两侧滑轮56将拉力悬吊缆绳57平均分配到两边的索道44上，两边的索道44对其所穿过的、安装在重力锚两边的滑轮提供了向上的拉力，从而将重力锚17悬吊在水中。
2)：见图17，重力锚17为立方体，在重力锚17前后两侧面上部各安装一导缆器11，并在重力锚的右侧两竖直棱边上安装两个导向滑轮56，缆绳57依次穿过后导缆器11、右后棱边的导向滑轮、右前棱边的导向滑轮、前导缆器11，两导缆器及两导向滑轮与顶面距离相等。
原理：悬吊缆绳57相当于从重力锚17一侧绕过，但力作用点是在两侧的导缆器11上。
3)：重力锚为立方体外形，两根硬直杆平行、端面对齐的分别穿过重力锚两个相对边的贯穿横向通孔，两根硬直杆两端分别与钢架固结，两侧的悬吊缆绳分别通过V形绳索与两侧钢架连接，即V形绳索的两个顶点连接钢架两端，V形绳索的底端连接悬吊缆绳。
原理：两侧的悬吊缆绳对两根硬直杆提供了向上的拉力，硬直杆则给与重力锚向上的托举力，类似抬轿子。而重力锚可以以硬直杆1做导轨左右滑动。
对于上述直连、滑轮两种吊锚方案，重力锚的湿重要大于WEC做功时向上的拉力，浮标的最大可提供浮力要大于重力锚湿重。
原理：见图14，重力锚17被两侧浮标59悬吊在水中，其上下运动取决于两侧浮标59，两侧浮标59相距浮体1往往十米以上，受波浪力情况与浮体1不一样，所以重力锚17与浮体1的运动是完全不同，表现出一种新的运动，而绳控波浪发电机可以利用浮体1与重力锚17的距离变化来发电。当采能索30的拉力很小、甚至为0时，重力锚的几乎全部湿重都由浮标承担，而在采能索30的拉力很大时，重力锚17的部分湿重由浮体1承担，缆绳57拉力变小。所以浮标59应做成扁平状，这样绳缆57的拉力变化引起的浮标59吃水深度变化小，从而可以减少重力锚17的上下运动幅度，减少波高利用损失。
我们都知道，如果重力锚17固定在海底，海流会引起浮体1偏离重力锚17正上方太远，而导致的浮体1的采能索30倾斜太大，影响利用波浪来发电，而吊锚方案解决了这个问题。
对于直连吊锚方式，如果浮体1沿纵向方向移动，因重力锚17与两侧缆绳57是直接连接所以无法纵移。在浮体1作横向运动时，浮体1给与下面的重力锚以横向的水平分力，这个分力使得重力锚可随浮体1做横向移动(因为重力锚17两侧的缆绳57对横向方向上是没有约束的)，随着缆绳57的横移，重力锚17两侧缆绳57的合力就会出现一个逐渐增大的复位水平力，最后浮体1所能给与的重力锚17的水平分力与重力锚17两侧缆绳57对重力锚17的水平分力抵消，重力锚17不再跟随浮体1继续横移，所以重力锚17对浮体1的横向跟随是有一定的极限范围的。
而对于“滑轮吊锚的方案，在浮体1斜向上拉重力锚17时，会产生一个水平分力，因为有滑轮56，重力锚17可以以缆绳57作为滑索纵向移动，从而使得重力锚17可以一直在浮体1下方，滑轮吊锚方案，具备了横纵两方向上的对抗海流能力。但纵移也是有范围的，在重力锚17向某侧纵移时，滑轮两侧缆绳57的拉力合力会形成使得重力锚回到缆绳中央的复位力，且越来越大，到最后重力锚跟不上浮体1了，采能索出现偏斜。
优选的：见图13、14，多个波浪发电机的浮体排成一列，每个浮体之间以及队列首尾均放置一个浮标，浮体与浮标之间用绳子连接，首尾的浮标各系一根锚链58，该锚链58的另一端向队列外侧延伸最后连接到一锚46上。所有的浮标59、浮体1都被串联起来成为一个整体，易于锚定和管理。而且浮体1两侧受到相邻浮标59通过绳子44的侧拉，使其与浮标59之间能够互相牵扯、协同横纵移动，避免互相撞击和距离太远，从而避免浮体1下方的重力锚横纵运动到极限。
优选的：在连接浮体与浮标的绳子中间系上重块51，以提供蓄能缓冲，重块51也可以替换为拉簧33。防止浮体与浮标在海上工作时突然拉直产生巨大冲击力，当浮体与浮标靠近的时候，重块处的系点下沉，这根绳子44的靠近浮标处，最容易与水下的其他绳缆57发生接触，可以在靠近浮标处的这根绳子44上系一浮子60，以托起此段的绳子44。
优选的：阵列中的波浪发电机浮体1、浮标59，也可以向垂直队列的方向上引出锚链58，以增强抗横向海流冲击能力，如图13。
优选的：图15为俯视图，三列同样的上述的波浪发电机+浮标队列，横着平行布放，四角星是锚46，黑方块是重块51，圆圈是浮标59，六边形是WEC浮体1，而之间的每个连线是绳子44。解释：对于其中的浮体1，不但横向上两侧受到柔性锚定，在纵向上也与其他队列的浮体1连接，而在整个阵列的两侧，浮体/浮标也被侧面的锚46锚定，所以整个队列也在横纵方向上都受到了锚定，增强了抗海流能力。
因为重力锚17的运动取决于两侧浮标59，所以适当调整浮标59与浮体1距离，可以使得两侧浮标59与浮体1在波浪里的运动相位差是180°，从而可增大浮体1与重力锚17之间的相对运动行程。所以优选的：见图14，在浮标59/浮体1上安装可人工或电子自动化(如：PLC通过无线接收指令或根据海上波高仪发来的波况数据)控制卷扬机/绞车107，以根据海上波况收进或放出绳子44，使得浮标59与浮体1距离增大或缩小。还需注意的是：当浮体1与浮标59间的绳子44缩短或增长时，整个队列也会缩短或增长，而对于图13来说，只在队首的浮标59上安装卷扬机/绞车107，以调节系泊链58的长度，就可以达到调整整列浮标59浮体1之间距离的目的。但由此带来的副作用是浮标59与浮体1之间绳子44的拉力增大或缩小，但如果在可允许的范围内，是可以这样做的。
本节的吊锚方案，也适用于其他类型的“利用浮体与其下方重力锚之间的相对运动来发电”的波浪能发电机，比如浮体绳轮波浪发电机。
节VIII：对于关于本说明书提到的各种控绳机构，还可以增加补气系统；拿图2做说明，结构为：控绳机构的机架13为只有底端开口的半封闭壳体(也可以是近全封闭壳体，密封圈26处算作近乎密封，但也不敢确保不进水)，控绳机构的主轴41及其轴承&座54、电控制动器16、直线旋转转换机构均安装在控绳机构的内腔中，补气系统包括电动气泵38、气管39、水浸传感器40、单片机控制模块及辅助电源，电动气泵38安装在海面浮体上的空气环境中，一根气管39一端连接气泵排气口，另一端伸入控绳机构的腔内，一水浸传感器40安装在控 绳机构的腔内，该水浸传感器40通过信号线发信息给单片机控制模块，单片机控制模块对气泵38进行开关控制，如果电动气泵38是在停机后气体会倒流的那种，还需要气泵38出口通过准出单向阀接所述气管39，以防气体倒流。
原理：一旦进水，则水浸传感器40发信号给单片机MCU，MCU则打开气泵38电源开关，气泵38开始工作，从大气中抽取空气，通过气管39注入控绳机构的内腔中，随着空气的不断注入，内部的水会被排出，水浸传感器这时检测到水排出了，于是发信息给MCU，MCU断掉气泵38的电源开关，气泵38停止工作。
节IX：这里说一下控绳装置的电气控制部分，见图1、11、12(其余图未画电气控制部分)，控绳电气模块包括所述单作用液压缸的监测做功行程结束的传感器9、MCU控制模块及辅助电源(未画)、导线(虚线)，单片机控制模块通过行程结束传感器获取活塞做功行程结束的信号，然后对控绳机构中的电控制动器的供电进行开关控制(图11)，对于双浮体重力复位型波浪能采集转换系统，如图11，行程结束传感器9也可以为安装在立柱81顶端的限位块处，在所述环形浮体80接近顶端时发出信号给MCU控制模块。
控绳装置的一个基本功能就是：
1)在其采能索/所受拉力小于收绳构件产生的拉力的时候，它会收进采能索；对应于WEC下落，控绳装置收绳。
2)在绳索所受拉力大的时候，它会锁定采能索。对应于WEC的浮体上升做功，控绳装置处于制动状态。
3)当收到释放信号的时候，它会放出一段绳索。对应于液压缸的活塞做功行程结束。
控绳装置的控绳策略可有3种：
算法1：控绳装置的首要任务是保护液压缸、浮体，在WEC工作过程中如果没有遇到液压缸做功行程结束情况，则行程结束传感器不发信号，如果遇到做功行程结束情况，则行程结束传感器发出信号给MCU，MCU则立即对控绳机构发出控制指令，产生放绳动作，从而避免液压缸活塞撞击缸体导致损坏。然后，MCU可利用自身的延时/计时程序，在间隔一段时间(比如5秒、或10秒或20秒)后再次对控绳机构再发出制动控制(此时WEC浮体可能在波峰，也可能在波谷也可能在上升/下降途中)，以上为做功触底保护程序，这样控绳机构的采能索就重新固定下来，WEC浮体就以一个新的相对参考点来工作。当然有可能控绳机构的这个新的制动点并不好，比如：有时调节后的采能索长度过长导致WEC浮体在下落过程后半阶段采能索会打弯，导致波高利用损失。不过，MCU可以在程序里结合WEC的发电功率，多次尝试(即再次让控绳机构松开，然后隔一段时间再次锁定)以找到一个较好的制动点。
算法2：做功触底保护程序继续使用，只是延时时间小一些，比如1s，然后增加一个感应液压缸复位行程终了的探头103，这个探头103可以安装在液压缸缸体的末端(图2、19)，而对双浮体重力复位型WEC来说，也可安装在立柱81上(图18)。MCU利用复位结束探头103，可以判明WEC浮体从下降改为上升，方法是：当活塞已经复位到终点并一直驻留在终点的时候，复位结束探头103会发信号给MCU，(此前控绳机构处于制动状态)，MCU会认为浮体在下落阶段(因为电控制动器是锁定的，如果是上升，那么复位结束探头103不可能一直发出复位终点信号)，MCU遂对电控制动器16施加一个方波脉冲控制，令其时而松开时而制动，类似于汽车上的ABS防抱死刹车，如果此时WEC浮体在下降过程中，那么控绳机 构会利用松开的间歇时间收绳，而如果WEC浮体突然转为上升，那么在电控制动器制动的间隙时间内，WEC的液压缸将会受拉，从而使得活塞离开终点、复位结束探头103将不再发出复位终点信号时，此时MCU获悉这一点，并停止发送方波控制脉冲。
节X：本说明书中提到的各种用到直线旋转转换机构的控绳机构，都可将超越离合器15/扭矩限制器45插入到由直线旋转转换机构旋转构件到电控制动器的动力传递路线中，具体为：所述直线旋转转换机构的旋转构件(例如图4中的主卷筒23，或图7中的摩擦轮48)与超越离合器15/扭矩限制器45(见图18)的一端轴连，或通过链式/齿轮/皮带传动机构与超越离合器15/扭矩限制器45的这一端联动，超越离合器15/扭矩限制器45的另一端与电控制动器16的旋转构件轴连；所述电控制动器16定子固定在机架上；当所述电控制动器16制动时，所述旋转构件的可转动方向，应与复位索拉力产生的力矩方向相同；
原理：超越离合器的15的加入，使得控绳机构多了一个功能即：在电控制动器16制动的状态下，控绳机构具有了只能收绳不能放绳的功能，其意义在于：控绳电气模块不需复位行程终了探头103，就可处理WEC浮体下落过程中的工况。在WEC浮体下落过程中，初期因为WEC保持着向上拉力，这个拉力大于收绳构件的拉力，所以控绳机构既不能放绳又不能收绳，WEC先行复位。等WEC的液压缸2复位到终点后，如WEC继续下落，那么WEC对采能索的拉力大大降低，这时在收绳构件的作用力以及超越离合器的单向传动性的作用下，控绳机构开始收绳，这里不需要像上面那样对电控制动器16进行方波脉冲控制，而在WEC浮体由下落突然转为上升时，超越离合器15的单向传动性能立即发挥作用，制止控绳机构放绳，从而使得WEC迅速进入采集做功状态。对于MCU来讲，其执行的算法与算法1类似，当液压缸做功行程结束探头发出信号给MCU，MCU打开控绳机构，然后间隔一段时间再次锁定(间隔时间可缩短，比如1秒)。
而扭矩限制器45的作用是防止扭矩过大而损坏其他构件。
关于说明书附图的补充说明：
图1控绳装置的导线12可以作为绳索24的芯，但应有一定冗余，以保证绳索24受拉时，导线12不受力，此设计目的在于：保护导线12，同时避免导线12与绳索24互相缠绕。
图2：水浸传感器40应安装在控绳机架13的入口处附近，以及时的感应到水的侵入。链式传动机构25、电控制动器16安装在半封闭壳体13的隔间内，主轴41从隔间壁上的孔处的旋转密封圈26插入隔间内，与链式传动机构25的链轮轴连。隔间的好处是更好的保护怕水怕湿怕盐的器件，旋转密封圈26可以避免半开放内腔中的含盐潮气侵入隔间腔内。同样隔间的设计也可应用于本说明书中的其他控绳机构(见其他图)。
图3，原理：绳控液压缸波浪发电机在大海里运行时，大部分时间控绳机构是处于制动状态的，而开锁状态所占的时间段很小，所以为节能应是通电松开，断电制动。本图能够达到这一目的，而且还引入了液压传动来增大力量。电磁铁31通电吸合衔铁32，向左拉动制动主缸34的活塞，经过液压管35，从鼓式制动器的从动缸36中抽取液压油，鼓式制动器的刹车蹄105在第二拉簧104作用下缩回，鼓式制动器进入松开状态；反之，电磁铁31断电，衔铁32在拉簧33作用下右移，带动制动主缸34推压液压油，液压油经液压管35，推动从动主缸36克服第二拉簧的拉力104张开，也带动了刹车蹄105张开，鼓式制动器进入制动状态。
图7：剖面图A-A展示了配重18的俯视图，配重18为均质(密度均匀)的水泥块/铁块，XY坐标轴的原点O点为几何体中心、质心。采能索30所穿过的两竖直孔在x轴上关于Y轴 对称，复位索50的系点也在X轴上并关于Y轴对称。设计用意：配重18在水中运动，配重18的惯性力的力作用点是O，按照本图设计的系点、孔位，不产生转矩，另外配重18还要受到海流冲击力，圆柱形的配重18可以保证无论哪个方向上的海流冲击力，其合力的力作用点都在O点，从而避免产生转矩。
图8：用织带66替换了图7中的双绳30，同样也是采用了上下V形绳索55设计，以确保织带宽度上的拉力的相等。
图10：为了抑制双浮体重力复位型WEC的摇摆，系泊浮体的绳子44，采用了Y形连接，Y的两个顶点一个连接环状浮体80，另一个连接立柱81底端，双浮体的左侧右侧均采用Y形连接(当然前后方向上也可采用)，当双浮体顺时针方向旋转，左侧Y绳索上股拉力增大，下股拉力减小，而右侧Y绳索是上股拉力减小，下股拉力增大，左右侧合力形成一个逆时针力矩，阻止双浮体继续顺时针旋转，当然这种Y形连接也可应用于本说明书中的其他WEC浮体，包括单浮体压差复位型WEC(见图14中的浮体B、D)。
另外，本图剖面图A-A，是俯视配重18。图中展示了，配重18侧面安装了导向滚轮82，以避免配重18与直筒63内壁摩擦。
图11：本图中的重力锚17是吊锚，为防止缆绳57在横向运动(垂直纸面)时与滑轮56凹槽的侧面挤压，在缆绳57的缠入滑轮56两侧附近处，各安装一双滚轮导缆钳20(或导缆器)，这样缆绳57横向摆动将会首先对双滚轮导缆钳20施加压力，使得滑轮56跟随缆绳57偏转一定角度。因为重力锚质量大惯性大，所以滑轮56与重力锚17之间采用挠性/万向连接84，可避免重力锚17的惯性对滑轮56的偏转构成阻碍，本设计也可应用于其他滑轮吊锚方案中。
SSR是固态继电器，反应速度快，寿命长，MCU通过控制SSR，间接控制电源对电控制动器的供电，本设计也适用于所有控绳装置的控制电气模块。
图14：E浮标下与一滑轮56的滑轮架挠性连接，一缆绳57从该滑轮56上绕过，缆绳57的两端分别悬吊滑轮56两侧的重力锚17(右侧的未画)。为了防止缆绳57在滑轮56上运动，在滑轮56附近两侧的缆绳57上系一绳结91。这也是浮标与悬吊用的缆绳57的一种连接方式，只要两绳结91与滑轮56很近，效果与浮标与缆绳57直接连接是几乎一样。因此，本说明书中的权利要求里所提到的浮标与缆绳连接，也包括这种。
浮标C下面通过第二绳索49与滑轮架62连接，滑轮架62上外缘上有三个系点，充当三眼板，分别连接三个方向上的绳子。
图16：展示了V形绳索如何与滑轮吊锚连接的结构。V形绳索55的底端通过锁链22连接滑轮架62的顶端，滑轮架62的底端通过挠性/万向连接84连接吊锚17。为了防止缆绳57脱离滑轮56，滑轮56凹槽的外缘下方与一压辊65外切，压辊65的轴通过轴承&座安装在滑轮架62上，缆绳57被压辊65夹在滑轮56的凹槽里。
本说明书提到的所有浮体、控绳机构外壳，都可以是钢制/玻璃钢壳体，浮子可采用高密度塑料泡沫材料制作，所有的绳子/缆绳/绳缆可以采用高强度、高模量的绳索，比如超高分子量聚乙烯绳索。本说明书提到的所有轴承(包括导缆器/双滚轮导缆器、导向滚轮内的轴承)，都可以采用铜基石墨自润滑轴承/陶瓷轴承.防腐方面可选的手段为：用玻璃钢/聚脲覆盖钢制壳体，或外表喷漆，而重力锚、配重、重块可以用水泥块/铁块来做。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种绳控液压缸波浪发电机，其特征在于：包括波浪能采集转换系统、控绳装置、重力锚，波浪能采集转换系统位于水面，控绳装置包括了两个相对运动可控的构件，分别是控绳机构的机架和细长构件，所述机架在上、细长构件在下的时候，机架顶端作为与波浪能采集转换系统的连接点，而细长构件底端作为与重力锚的连接点，而当机架在下细长构件在上的时候，则机架作为与重力锚的连接点，而细长构件的顶端作为与波浪能采集转换系统的连接点。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种绳控液压缸波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述波浪能采集转换系统为单浮体&压差复位型，包括浮体和液压系统；
    浮体的结构可以理解为：一封闭壳体，中心贯穿一竖直的直管，然后去除直管管内的壳体部分，从而形成一个中心有贯穿孔的全封闭壳体；
    所述浮体的贯穿孔下出口处安装有导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳，一个三脚架的三个底脚固定在浮体顶面上，该三脚架的顶端处在所述贯穿孔的正上方，该三脚架顶端与一单作用液压缸缸体的顶端挠性/万向连接，该单作用液压缸的活塞杆底端所连接的绳索先后从浮体中心孔、安装在浮体底面的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳中穿过，最后连接到控绳装置上；发电机以及除单作用液压缸外的液压系统均在浮体腔内；液压系统的液压管路循环路线是单作用液压缸有杆腔、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀；
    优选的：在所述液压管活塞杆上套一伸缩管，该伸缩管一端与所述活塞杆柄密封对接，另一端与所述液压缸缸体侧面对接，但伸缩管上部应有缝隙与外界相通，所述液压缸的泄油管一路从液压缸无杆腔的顶部引出，一路从伸缩管的底端的腔内引出，两路合为一路向下延伸，然后从设备舱顶盖钻入设备舱内，最后进入所述开式油箱；
    优选的：上述浮体作为设备舱，增加一个浮力舱，浮力舱为一环状浮体；
    浮力舱与设备舱的连接方式可以有两种：
    一种是嵌入式，即：浮力舱环内孔稍大于与设备舱外轮廓，设备舱嵌入浮力舱的环内孔中，浮力舱与设备舱可通过螺栓连接在一起，也可以在设备舱顶盖或浮力舱环内孔底部设限位凸缘，或者是：浮力舱的环内孔的内表面或设备舱的外侧面为上粗下细的锥面，设备舱楔入浮力舱的环内孔内；
    另一种是叠加式，即：浮力舱环内孔要小于设备舱外轮廓，所述设备舱的底面固定到所述浮力舱顶面上，另外所述设备舱底面的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳，要改到安装在所述浮力舱环内孔下出口处；所述单作用液压缸的活塞杆底端的绳索先后从设备舱中心孔、浮力舱环内孔、安装在浮力舱底端的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳中穿过后连接控绳装置；
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种绳控液压缸波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述波浪能采集转换系统为双浮体&重力复位型，分为A型和B型两种，双浮体&重力复位A型包括立柱总体、环状浮体、П支架/三腿架、液压系统：立柱总体可以是以下四种形式：
    1)一竖直放置的空心立柱，为圆柱体或多边形柱体外形，顶端开口底端封闭；
    2)所述空心立柱底面与一水下浮力舱顶面固结后形成的整体，水下浮力舱为圆柱体或椭球体外形的中空壳体或泡沫塑料；
    3)所述立柱底面与一竖直杆/竖直管的顶面固结后形成的整体；
    4)所述立柱底面与一所述水下浮力舱顶面固结，所述水下浮力舱的底面与一竖直杆/竖直管的顶面固结后三者形成的整体；
    立柱总体竖直插在水中排开水的重量要大于其自身重量，即立柱总体能漂浮在水中；
    对于立柱总体，优选的：立柱与水下浮力舱、竖直管、竖直杆，它们的竖直方向上的中心线重合；
    一环状浮体套在所述立柱上，且环状浮体环内壁与所述立柱侧面存有一定间隙，环状浮体顶面固定着竖立的П支架/三腿架，П支架/三腿架的中心线与立柱总体轴线重合，一竖立单作用液压缸的活塞杆柄与П支架/三腿架横梁底面中心连接，单作用液压缸的缸体末端与立柱腔内底面连接，液压系统的油路循环路线是：开式油箱、准入单向阀、所述单作用液压缸的有杆腔、准出单向阀、蓄能器、液压马达，液压马达带动发电机发电；
    双浮体&重力复位B型的具体结构是：一立柱总体，竖直放置，顶端开口底端封闭，一环状浮体套在立柱上，且环状浮体环内壁与立柱侧面存有一定间隙，环状浮体顶面固定着竖立的П支架/三腿架，П支架/三腿架的中心线与立柱轴心重合，一单作用液压缸的活塞杆与П支架/三腿架顶梁底面中心连接，单作用液压缸的缸体另一端与立柱腔内底面连接，液压系统管路循环路线是：开式油箱、准入单向阀、所述单作用液压缸的有杆腔、准出单向阀、蓄能器、液压马达，液压马达带动发电机发电；立柱总体不必具有漂浮性；
    一滑轮的滑轮架与环状浮体底面连接，一根绳子一端连接一重块，另一端向上延伸，绕过所述滑轮后又向下延伸，最后系在立柱总体上；
    优选的：所述重块为环状，套在所述立柱总体下部，且重块的环内侧与立柱总体侧面存有间隙，重块两侧各系一根绳子，该两根绳子的另一端向上延伸，然后分别绕其上方的一滑轮后向下延伸，最后连接在立柱总体上，所述两个滑轮的滑轮架与所述环状浮体底面连接，且两连接点关于立柱轴线对称；
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的一种绳控液压缸波浪发电机，其特征在于：还包括拉簧重块机构，具体为：
    对于双浮体&重力复位型波浪能采集转换系统，其结构是：一拉簧的一端与一重块连接，拉簧另一端连接绳子，该绳子另一端向上延伸绕过一滑轮后再向下延伸，最后系到所述立柱总体上，所述滑轮的滑轮架与环状浮体底面连接；优选的：所述重块为环状，套在所述立柱总体下部，且重块的环内侧与立柱总体侧面存有间隙；
    对于单浮体&压差复位型波浪能采集转换系统，结构为：一绳子一端连接控绳装置的连接点，该绳子另一端向上延伸绕过一滑轮后再向下延伸后系在一拉簧一端，该拉簧另一端与一重块连接，所述滑轮的滑轮架与浮体底面连接；
    优选的：所述浮体底部与一竖管顶端固结，所述导缆器/双滚轮导缆器安装在竖立管底端出口处，所述滑轮安装在所述竖管上部的一开孔处，且该滑轮轴线垂直与所述孔所位于的竖管轴截面，所述滑轮一半露在竖管外，一半在竖管内，所述拉簧一端连接重块，另一端连接所述绳子，所述绳子另一端向上绕过孔处的滑轮后，进入竖管内又向下延伸，通过竖管底端的另一导缆器后，再向下延伸最后连接到控绳装置上，重块为环状，套在所述竖管上，且重块的环内侧与所述竖管外壁存有间隙；
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种绳控液压缸波浪发电机，其特征在于：控绳装置包括控绳电气模块和控绳机构，其中控绳机构包括机架、直线旋转运动转换及附属机构、防缠机构、电控制动器，所述控绳机构的机架顶端与上方的波浪能采集转换系统连接：所述直线旋转转换机构的旋转构件通过主轴与电控制动器的转子轴连，也可通过链式/齿轮/皮带传动 机构与所述电控制动器的转子联动；所述电控制动器的定子固定在机架上，所述直线旋转运动转换机构的旋转构件的主轴通过轴承&座安装在所述机架上；所述直线旋转运动转换及其附属机构有3种，分别为；
    第一种，滚链轮+滚链型，结构为：控绳机构的机架底端固定一竖直的直筒，一配重在直筒内并与直筒内壁有一定间隙，一根滚子链一端连接该配重，另一端向上绕过所述滚链轮后再向下延伸，进入直筒连接一根绳索的一端，该绳索的另一端穿过所述配重上的竖直通孔后继续向下延伸，穿过安装在所述直筒底端入口处的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳后继续向下，最后系在所述重力锚上；
    第二种，环链轮+环链，或摩擦轮+绳索型：一锁链一端连接所述重力锚，另一端向上穿过安装在控绳机构机架底端的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳后，绕过环链轮后，再向下穿过安装在控绳机构机架底端的另一个导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳后，继续向下延伸，最后连接一作为收绳构件的配重；
    所述环链轮+锁链也可以替换为摩擦轮+绳索，一绳索一端连接所述重力锚，另一端向上穿过安装在控绳机构机架底端的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳后，再绕过摩擦轮后再向下延伸，穿过安装在控绳机构机架底端的另一个导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳后，继续向下延伸，最后连接一配重；
    第三种：主副卷筒+主副绳缆型，具体结构为：主卷筒与副卷筒通过齿轮/链式传动机构联动或通过主轴轴连，主绳缆的一端固定并缠绕在主卷筒上，该主绳缆的另一端向下穿过一安装在控绳机构机架底端的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳后继续向下延伸，最后连接到所述重力锚上，副绳缆的一端固定并缠绕在副卷筒上，该副绳缆的另一端穿过安装在控绳机构机架底端的另一个导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳后连接一作为收绳构件的配重，主绳缆与副绳缆的拉力在主轴上产生的扭矩方向相反；收绳构件也可替换为拉簧，拉簧的另一端固定在机架上；
    上述直线旋转运动转换机构的旋转构件与绳控液压缸波浪发电机的重力锚之间的绳索/环链/主绳缆，定义为采能索；而直线旋转运动转换机构的旋转构件与所述配重之间的绳索/环链/副绳缆，定义为复位索；
    对于前述的采用环链轮+环链型、摩擦轮+绳索型、以及采用配重作为收绳构件的主副卷筒型直线旋转运动转换机构的控绳机构，还需增加防止采能索与复位索互相缠绕的防缠机构，防缠机构有以下几种：
    第一种，单悬链侧拉式：一根悬锚链一端系在所述配重上，另一端向下向一侧延伸，最后连接到一另一锚基上，该悬链也可替换为一段绳子，绳子中间系重块；
    第二种，锚链侧拉式：一根绳子一端连接配重，另一端向一侧延伸一段距离，又绕过一滑轮后向下延伸，最后连接一重块；所述滑轮的滑轮架与用于锚定本波浪发电机浮体或附近其他浮体的系泊系统的其中一根锚链的中段某处挠性/万向连接；也可以省掉所述配重，这样复位索末端直接和所述绳子一端连接，让重块作为收绳用的配重；
    第三种，旁标侧拉式：在绳控波浪发电机浮体周围一定距离处增加一浮标，所述浮体及浮标被系泊系统锚定在某处，一根绳子一端系在所述配重上，另一端延伸到浮标下方，绕过一滑轮后向下延伸，最后连接一重块，所述滑轮的滑轮架通过第二绳子连接浮标底面；也可以省掉上述配重，而让复位索末端直接和所述绳子连接，让重块作为收绳配重；
    第四种，潜标侧拉式：一根绳子一端连接所述配重，另一端向下向一侧延伸，然后绕过一滑轮后向上延伸，最后连接一水下浮子，所述滑轮的滑轮架与另一锚基顶端挠性/万向连接；或者是省掉所述配重，即从浮体下来的复位索末端直接与一根绳子一端连接，该绳子另一端向下向一侧延伸，然后绕过一滑轮向上延伸，最后连接一水下浮子，滑轮的滑轮架与另一锚基顶端挠性/万向连接；
    优选的：对于以上四种含有配重的防缠机构，侧拉配重的绳子/悬链，可不直接连接到配重而是通过硬直杆连接配重，即绳子/悬链的末端与硬直杆一端连接，硬直杆另一端与配重挠性/万向连接；
    第五种，单采能索双复位索式：所述直线旋转运动转换机构为：一个主卷筒左右两侧各有一套同样的副卷筒+副绳缆，此三卷筒共轴，两根副绳缆下端系在所述配重的左右两侧，而主绳缆则从配重上的竖直通孔中穿过，配重为圆柱形或立方形或左右对称的固体，且所述贯穿孔经过配重的几何中心和质心，两根副绳缆要分别系在配重的左右两侧；贯穿孔的上下两个入口处安装导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳，主绳缆从导缆钳/双滚轮导缆钳中穿过；
    第六种，多绳导向式：控绳机构有两套相同的共轴的间隔一定轴向距离的环链轮/摩擦轮/主卷筒以及所配套的采能索，两根采能索在穿过安装在机架底端的各自对应的导缆器/双滚轮导缆器后，继续向下延伸，分别从所述配重上的相隔一定距离的两个竖直通孔中穿过，最后连接到重力锚上；
    优选的：配重上的竖直孔的上下出入口处安装有引导绳索进入的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳；
    优选的：还包括拉力调配机构，有3种设计：
    设计1：由控绳机构向下延伸的原本要连接重力锚的两根采能索，改为在靠近重力锚上方处合为一股并绕过一滑轮，该滑轮的滑轮架与所述重力锚挠性/万向连接；
    设计2：所述波浪能采集转换系统与控绳机构的连接采用U形环，即：控绳机构机架的左侧固结一短轴的一端，右侧也固结另一短轴的一端，两短轴同轴线，两短轴分别插入一U形环的两孔中，U形环的中段外侧与波浪能采集转换系统连接；所述短轴轴线与两根采能索所穿过的两导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳的位置连线垂直，且与该连线中点重合；
    设计3：所述两根采能索先不连接到所述重力锚，改为先分别连接一硬直杆的两端，该硬直杆再通过V形绳索连接重力锚，即：V形绳索的两个顶端分别与硬直杆的两端连接，V形绳索的底端与重力锚挠性/万向连接；
    所述波浪能采集转换系统与控绳机构机架的连接采用U形环/单绳/V形绳索连接方式；U形环连接即设计2的连接方式，单绳连接即：一根缆绳一端连接所述波浪能采集转换系统，另一端连接到控绳机构机架顶端上的系点，且该系点要在两根采能索的中心线与控绳机构顶端的交点上；V形绳索连接方式即：V形绳索所在平面要先与两被拉直的采能索平行，然后将V形绳索的底端放到所述中心线的延长线上，然后V形绳索的两顶端连接到控绳机构机架顶端；该V形绳索底端与波浪能采集转换系统连接；优选的：V形绳索所在平面与两采能索所在平面重合；
    第七种,双悬链挡杆式：复位索所连接的配重的两侧各系一根锚链，两根锚链向两侧向下叉分开，每根锚链的另一端分别连接一锚基；锚链也可替换为锚缆，但应在锚缆中间系重块；也可省掉所述配重，这样复位索与两根锚链/锚缆直接连接组成倒Y字结构；优选的：采能索下半段可替换为硬直杆，该硬直杆底端与所述重力锚挠性/万向连接；
    第八种，直筒导向式：控绳机构的机架为一个只有在底面有开口的半封闭壳体，壳体底面连接一竖立直筒，直筒底端封闭，顶端开口并与控绳机构的壳体合并为一个腔，所述配重处在直筒内，与直筒内壁存有间隙，配重上方的复位索穿过的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳省掉，而采能索穿过的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳改为安装在滑筒底部外侧面；配重也可替换为拉簧，拉簧的另一端固定在滑筒内的底部；
    第九种，穿吊锚式：在控绳机构机架的自转被约束的前提下，可采用本防缠机构，吊锚即被悬吊在水中的所述重力锚，有两种，直连吊锚和滑轮吊锚，直连吊锚结构为：所述重力锚两侧分别与悬吊它的、向上叉分开的两根绳子的一端连接，所述两根绳子的另一端各自连接海面上间隔一定距离的一浮子，该两浮子被锚定；滑轮吊锚的结构为：一根缆绳从一凹槽滑轮绕过，所述重力锚顶端与所述滑轮的滑轮架要求固结，所述缆绳的两端分别连接到海面上的分隔开一定距离的两个浮子上，两个浮子被锚定；
    所述复位索从上述吊锚上的竖直通孔中穿过后，继续向下延伸连接配重；
    优选的：在所述吊锚竖直通孔的上下入口处安装导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳，所述复位索从该导缆钳/双滚轮导缆钳中穿过；
    第十种，Г形导向杆式：在控绳机构机架的自转被约束的前提下，可采用本防缠机构，具体为：所述采能索下半段用Г形导向杆代替，即采能索先连接到Г形导向杆的直角拐点处，然后Г形导向杆的长杆部分的底端通过互相勾住的一对锁环连接到所述重力锚上，所述复位索从安装在Г形导向杆的短杆部分外端的导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳中穿过，所述配重上设有竖直导向孔，Г形导向杆的长杆部分从安装在所述竖直导向孔的上下出入口处的导缆器中穿过；Г形导向杆的长杆部分为矩形截面，长杆部分四个侧面与所述导缆器的四滚轮一一紧贴；所述配重湿重要大于采能索+Г形导向杆的湿重；
    优选的：对于上述各种控绳机构，控绳机构机架为一只有底端开口的半封闭壳体，控绳机构的主轴及其轴承&座、电控制动器、直线旋转运动转换机构的旋转构件均安装在控绳机构的内腔中；
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种绳控液压缸波浪发电机，其特征在于：对于采用摩擦轮+绳索的控绳机构，绳索为一根，而摩擦轮可以为串联的两个，以组成摩擦轮组，具体为：摩擦轮与齿轮轴连，摩擦轮、齿轮、轴及其轴承&座构成一个摩擦轮齿轮单元，轴通过轴承&座安装在控绳装置的机架上，两个同样的摩擦轮齿轮单元轴线平行、同向、端面对齐且依次紧挨的安装在机架上，两个摩擦轮齿轮单元的齿轮啮合，但摩擦轮大小要小于齿轮，所以摩擦轮之间并不干涉；摩擦轮组的其中一个单元的齿轮与电控制动器的转子轴连，所述绳索依次蜿蜒绕过每个摩擦轮齿轮单元的摩擦轮，所谓蜿蜒绕过是指：绳索在前行中，绕第一个摩擦轮与绕第二个摩擦轮的方向相反；
    优选的：同样的2个以上摩擦齿轮单元，均按照上述规则安装，摩擦轮齿轮单元的齿轮串序啮合，所述绳索仍为一根，依啮合次序蜿蜒绕过每个摩擦轮齿轮单元的摩擦轮，整个摩擦轮组仍只有一个摩擦轮齿轮单元的轴与电控制动器的转子轴连；
    优选的：与电控制动器转子轴连的是：从复位索一侧数，第一个摩擦轮齿轮单元的轴。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种绳控液压缸波浪发电机，其特征在于：重力锚采用直连/滑轮两种被悬吊方案，直连吊锚结构是：波浪发电机的浮体两侧各置一个浮标，每个浮标各系一根缆绳，这两根缆绳的另一端连接到该波浪发电机的重力锚上；
    滑轮吊锚结构是：波浪发电机的浮体两侧各置一个浮标，一根缆绳的两端分别系在这两个浮标上，这根缆绳的中部靠近所述重力锚的上方处，并绕一滑轮，该滑轮的滑轮架底端与所述重力锚连接；对于所述缆绳与滑轮的连接方式，也可替换为以下三种：
    1)：重力锚是立方体，重力锚顶面的四个顶点分别安装一个顶滑轮，这样重力锚顶面上的两个对边上各有两个定滑轮，每个对边的顶滑轮在一根索道上滚动，两根索道在重力锚左侧合为一股，并绕一滑轮，该滑轮的滑轮架与左侧用于悬吊该重力锚的缆绳连接，同样两根索道在重力锚右侧也是合为一股，并绕另一滑轮，该滑轮的滑轮架与右侧的用于悬吊该重力锚的缆绳连接；
    2)：重力锚为立方体，在重力锚的前后两侧面上部各安装一导缆器，并在重力锚的右侧两竖直棱边上安装两个导向滑轮，悬吊重力锚的缆绳依次穿过后导缆器、右后棱边的导向滑轮、右前棱边的导向滑轮、前导缆器，两导缆器及两导向滑轮与顶面距离相等；
    3)：重力锚为立方体外形，两根硬直杆平行、端面对齐的分别穿过重力锚上间隔一定距离且互相平行的两个横向通孔，硬直杆侧面与横向通孔内壁存有间隙，两根硬直杆左右两端分别与左右两钢架固结，两侧的悬吊缆绳分别通过V形绳索与两侧钢架连接，即V形绳索的两个顶点连接钢架两端，V形绳索的底端连接悬吊缆绳；
    对于上述各种吊锚方案，优选的：所述波浪发电机浮体与浮标之间用一根绳子连接；
    优选的：当多个波浪发电机在一起运行时，多个波浪发电机的浮体排成一列，每个波浪发电机浮体之间以及队列首尾均放置一个浮标，浮体与浮标之间用绳子连接，首尾的浮标各系一根锚链，该锚链的另一端向队列外侧延伸最后连接到一锚上；
    优选的：连接所述波浪发电机浮体与所述浮标的绳子中间系有重块；
    优选的：所述波浪发电机浮体通过V形绳索与绳子连接，即，V形绳索的两个顶端分别与浮体顶端底端连接，V形绳索的底端与所述绳子连接；
    优选的：所述阵列中的浮体、浮标，也向垂直队列的方向上引出锚链，锚链底端连接锚；
    优选的：在所述浮标/浮体上安装可人工或电子控制的卷扬机/绞车，以根据波况收进或放出绳子/锚链；
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的一种绳控液压缸波浪发电机，其特征在于：将超越离合器/扭矩限制器插入到由直线旋转运动转换机构的旋转构件到电控制动器的动力传递路线中，具体为：所述直线旋转运动转换机构的旋转构件与超越离合器/扭矩限制器的一端轴连，或通过链式/齿轮/皮带传动机构与该超越离合器/扭矩限制器的这一端联动，该超越离合器/扭矩限制器的另一端与所述电控制动器的转子轴连；所述电控制动器定子固定在机架上；当所述电控制动器处于制动状态时，直线旋转转换机构的旋转构件的可转动方向，应与复位索拉力对其产生的力矩方向相同；
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的一种绳控液压缸波浪发电机，其特征在于：还包括补气系统；控绳机构机架为一全封闭或只有底端开口的半封闭壳体，控绳机构的主轴及其轴承&座、电控制动器、直线旋转转换机构均安装在所述机架内腔中，补气系统包括电动气泵、气管、水浸传感器、单片机控制模块及辅助电源，电动气泵安装在海面浮体的空气环境中，一气管一端连接该气泵排气口，另一端钻入控绳机构腔内，一水浸传感器安装在该腔内，该水浸传感器通过信号线发信息给MCU控制模块，MCU控制模块对所述电动气泵进行开关控制，如该气泵停机后气体会回流，则气泵出气口通过准出单向阀连接所述气管。
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