WO2017024937A1 - 一种3d物体的打印方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种3d物体的打印方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017024937A1
WO2017024937A1 PCT/CN2016/091685 CN2016091685W WO2017024937A1 WO 2017024937 A1 WO2017024937 A1 WO 2017024937A1 CN 2016091685 W CN2016091685 W CN 2016091685W WO 2017024937 A1 WO2017024937 A1 WO 2017024937A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
printing
layer
data
print data
print
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PCT/CN2016/091685
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈晓坤
蒋韦
陈伟
周毅
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珠海赛纳打印科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP16834561.9A priority Critical patent/EP3300877A4/en
Publication of WO2017024937A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017024937A1/zh
Priority to US15/882,690 priority patent/US10682817B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F15/00—Screen printers
    • B41F15/08—Machines
    • B41F15/0881—Machines for printing on polyhedral articles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/40—Picture signal circuits
    • H04N1/405—Halftoning, i.e. converting the picture signal of a continuous-tone original into a corresponding signal showing only two levels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rapid prototyping technology of a 3D object, in particular to a technique for manufacturing a 3D object by layer by layer using an inkjet print head, in particular, a printing method and system for a 3D object.
  • Rapid prototyping technology also known as rapid prototyping technology, is based on the principle of discrete/stacking under computer control.
  • the physical shape of an object is transformed into a three-dimensional digital stereo model by modeling software or a three-dimensional scanner, and the model is used to generate STL files.
  • the layer software discretizes the model in the Z-axis to form a series of thin slices of the same thickness or different thickness, and then uses fused deposition technology (FDM technology), stereolithography (SLA technology), selective laser sintering technology (SLS technology). Or stacking molding technology (LOM technology), etc., this series of sheets is processed layer by layer, and finally post-processed to obtain 3D images.
  • FDM technology fused deposition technology
  • SLA technology stereolithography
  • SLS technology selective laser sintering technology
  • LOM technology stacking molding technology
  • MJP technology multi-jet stereo printing technology
  • the liquid in the nozzle chamber is excited by digital signals (forming materials and / or system)
  • the material is formed into droplets in an instant, and is ejected from the nozzle at a certain speed and frequency.
  • the layer is solidified layer by layer according to the specified path, and finally a 3D image is obtained.
  • the MJP does not require an expensive laser system, so the equipment is inexpensive and runs. And maintenance costs are also very low; compared to FDM technology, MJP technology can work at lower temperatures; and MJP technology also has simple operation, fast forming speed, suitable materials, and high precision of molded parts.
  • MJP technology is one of the hotspots of rapid prototyping technology research.
  • Objects made with MJP technology can be divided into two categories from surface color: one is a monochrome object, and the other is a colored object (containing at least two colors).
  • a monochrome object a monochrome object
  • the other is a colored object (containing at least two colors).
  • the existing 3D object printing method on the market is: manually coloring different regions of the model file, and then layering the model that has been colored by layering software, and the data information generated after the layering processing is sent.
  • the printer driver controller driven by the driver The controller controls the print head to eject ink along a predetermined path, and after solidification, superimposes layer by layer to finally print out colored objects.
  • the drawback of the prior art is that it still stays at the technical level of module selection and coloring. At this time, it is necessary to manually determine that a certain module needs to add a certain color, manual selection is time-consuming and laborious, and the color transition performance is poor, and different people distinguish color. Different degrees may eventually result in a difference between the printed object and the actual desired color of the object.
  • a method of printing a 3D object comprising the steps of:
  • the layer image data D M based on the target object to obtain print data P MN , the D M being composed of a value set X MN of N M pixel points, where M represents the number of layers of the layer image, and N represents the pixel point Number
  • step b when the print data P MN is 0, the print data P MN is corrected to obtain corrected print data P MN ', and is used when the corrected print data P MN ' is recognized.
  • the first printed material is printed.
  • the corrected print data P MN ' is associated with a print start command, and when the corrected print data P MN ' is recognized, the first print material is used for printing.
  • the layer image data D M is obtained by hierarchically unitizing the target object as a whole.
  • the layer image data D M is subjected to halftone conversion to obtain the print data P MN .
  • the layer image data D M is 8-bit data, and the corresponding X MN value is between 0 and 255.
  • the print data P MN is obtained as follows:
  • A2 setting a threshold S, comparing the pseudo-value set X MN ' with the threshold S, if the x MN ' is smaller than the S, then the converted p MN is 0, if the x MN ' is greater than the S Then, the converted p MN is 1, and the corresponding print data P MN is composed of a series of p MNs .
  • the print data P MN is obtained as follows:
  • the set of values X MN 255 obtained by dividing the set of values corresponding to the dummy X MN', the order of the set of values X MN 'according to the relationship between the N adjacent pixels in the image layer M fiction In turn consisting of x M1 ', x M2 ', x M3 '...x MN ';
  • steps a3' and a4' are repeated until x MN is all converted to p MN , and the corresponding formed print data P MN is composed of a series of p MNs .
  • S is any one of the following values:
  • the print data P MN is obtained as follows:
  • the value set X MN ' is composed of x M1 ', x M2 ', x M3 ', x M4 '...x MN ' in turn;
  • the threshold set S Mg ' is composed of s M1 ', s M2 ', s M3 ', s M4 '...s Mg ' in turn, where 0 ⁇ g ⁇ N;
  • A3 based on the sequence of the threshold set S Mg ', compare N values of the pseudo-value set X MN 'M layer image with the g thresholds of the threshold set S Mg ' one by one, if If x MN ' is smaller than the s Mg ' then p MN is 0, if the x MN ' is larger than the s Mg ' then p MN is 1, and the corresponding print data P MN is composed of a series of p MNs .
  • the threshold set S Mg ' ranges from any value between 0.4 and 0.65.
  • the layer image data D M is 16-bit data, and the corresponding X MN value is between 0 and 65535.
  • the first printed material is one of the following materials:
  • step b printing is performed using the second printing material when the P MN is 1.
  • the second printed material is one of the following materials:
  • the first printed material and the second printed material are one of the following materials:
  • each of the layer-by-layer printing results is solidified and then superimposed.
  • each of the layer-by-layer printing results is cured after being flattened, and then superimposed.
  • a data processor, a process controller, and a printhead are characterized by:
  • the data processor layer D M of the target object image data converted from the printing data P MN, and the print data as the data P MN 0 is corrected to obtain corrected printing data P MN ';
  • the process controller controls the print head to perform layer-by-layer print overlay based on the print data P MN and the corrected print data P MN ' to form a 3D object, wherein the first print material is used for printing based on the corrected print data P MN '
  • the print data P MN is printed using the second print material.
  • a flattering device is also included for flattening each of said layer-by-layer prints.
  • a curing device is further included for curing each of the layer-by-layer printing results.
  • the invention adopts a layer-by-layer printing method, and performs hierarchical layer processing on the whole object to obtain layer image data D M , and performs halftone conversion on the layer image data D M to obtain print data P MN , when P MN is 0.
  • Printing with the first printing material, printing with the second printing material when P MN is 1, and printing the 3D object using the printing method of the present invention is more layered, especially when printing a color 3D object. Rich color and natural transition between different colors, at the same time, the method of the invention has simple process, high degree of automation and easy product realization.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a method of printing a 3D object, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a method of converting layer image data D M to obtain print data P MN according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of a method of converting layer image data D M to obtain print data P MN according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of a method of converting layer image data D M to obtain print data P MN , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a method of printing a 3D object, in particular, including the following steps, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention:
  • step S101 the layer D M based on the target image data converted from the print object data P MN, the N M D M by the pixel points set of values X MN composition.
  • D M is composed of image data of M layer, including d 1 , d 2 , d 3 ... d M
  • N M represents the number of pixels included in the target object
  • X MN is the value of each pixel.
  • the composition includes x 11 , x 12 , x 21 , x 22 ...
  • P MN is composed of the value of each pixel corresponding to the converted print data value, including p 11 , p 12 , p 21 , p 22 ...p MN , specifically, M represents the number of layers of the layer image, and N represents the number of pixels
  • the layer image data D M is data obtained by hierarchically processing the target object, and the layer image data D M corresponds to a numerical value set of values of N M pixel points in the target object. MN .
  • the value of the N M pixel points includes data of two aspects: one is a spatial coordinate value of a section where the N M pixel points are located, and the other is a color value defined by the N M pixel points based on a slice plane.
  • the spatial coordinate value is obtained by layering the target object, which is defined by setting an coordinate axis in one direction or a plurality of directions.
  • the color value is color data that can be based on a CMY color mode, or color data based on a CMYK color mode, or color data based on other color modes, which is defined based on a 2D printing technique.
  • the print data P MN is converted based on the layer image data D M , and those skilled in the art understand that the conversion method has been extensively studied in the field of 2D printing, from 2D printed images. Based on the theory of data conversion, the purpose of image data conversion in 2D printing is to achieve image acquisition, transmission, and reproduction with as little loss as possible. In 3D printing technology, if image data is simply from a specific layer. Starting from the conversion, the basic principle is similar to the principle in 2D printing, but when performing layer image data conversion in 3D printing, it is also necessary to simultaneously consider the data of the layer image data in the 3D spatial range, that is, the spatial coordinate value information. To reproduce the target object more perfectly.
  • step S102 is performed to perform layer-by-layer printing based on the print data P MN .
  • the print head drive control data are binary, and then the converted The value corresponding to the print data P MN is 0 or 1.
  • the print head does not perform the printing action, and the printing action is performed only when the print data P MN is 1.
  • the present invention what is finally required to be realized is a 3D object, and if the printed material is not ejected when the print data P MN is 0, the pixel at the position is printed by subsequent pixels. The material is filled, which will eventually affect the shape of the entire 3D object.
  • the converted print data P MN needs to be further processed so that each pixel is printed, that is, regardless of the print data P MN is 0. Or 1, both control the printhead to eject the printed material. More specifically, since the normal print head drive control data is binary, the print command accepted by the print head is actually 0 or 1, and the print operation is not performed when the print command 0 is executed, that is, the print head does not control printing. The nozzle ejects the printing material, and when the printing instruction is 1, the printing operation is performed, that is, the printing head controls the printing nozzle to eject the printing material, and the process of further processing the printing data P MN is to set the value to 0. The P MN is converted so that the print head recognizes the value of 0 as the print data P MN as the print command 1.
  • step S102 when the print data P MN is 0, step S103 is performed, printing is performed using the first printing material, and when the print data P MN is 1, step S104 is performed, using The second printing material is printed, that is, the printing head is controlled to eject different printing materials according to the difference in the value of the printing data P MN , and the specific process is actually a process of converting the printing data P MN into different printing instructions.
  • the first printed material is a transparent material or a white material or an approximately white material
  • the second printed material is a combination of a cyan material, a magenta material, and a yellow material.
  • the second printing material when printing using the second printing material, which color is selected for printing, it is determined by combining the primary colors of the cut surface of the pixel to be printed, for example, the primary color of the cut surface of the pixel to be printed is cyan.
  • the printing is performed using a cyan material, and more specifically, the determination of the primary color of the cut surface is described in the previous step, and will not be described herein.
  • the second printing material may also be combined with any two of a cyan material, a magenta material, and a yellow material, and may also be added with other color materials, which needs to be determined according to the color mode after the halftone conversion.
  • the colors of the first printed material and the second printed material can be variously combined.
  • the first printing material and the second printing material are preferably a photocurable material or a temperature curing material.
  • the printing data P MN is further processed by correcting the print data P MN to obtain corrected print data P MN '.
  • the normal print head drive control data is binary
  • the print command accepted by the print head is actually 0 or 1
  • the correction process is to pass the print data P MN value to 0.
  • the correction print data P MN ' is obtained as a value of 1, so that the print head can recognize and execute the printing action. More specifically, as long as the print head recognizes the corrected print data P MN ', the first print material is used for printing.
  • the print data P MN is data based on a CMY color mode
  • the print data P MN is transmitted to the print head through four transmission channels, among the four transmission channels Three channels are used for transmitting data of the CMY color mode, and the remaining one of the transmission channels is for transmitting the corrected print data P MN '
  • the controller of the print head respectively identifies the print data P MN and the corrected print data P MN ', and then start printing using the second printing material or the first printing material.
  • a dedicated data channel is respectively set for the print data P MN and the corrected print data P MN ', and respectively match the data channels of one controller, that is, four controllers respectively correspond to the CMY color mode.
  • the three kinds of data and the corrected print data P MN ', the process of identifying the print data P MN and the corrected print data P MN ' at this time may be omitted, generating the print data P MN and the corrected print data P MN 'Start printing.
  • the corrected print data P MN ' is also associated with a print start command and printed using the first print material when the corrected print data P MN ' is identified. It is understood by those skilled in the art that, preferably, the present modification is applied to a printing process including a plurality of print heads, and in the specific correction process, not only the value of the print data P MN is corrected, but also each correction is obtained.
  • the corrected print data P MN ' is associated with print start commands of different print heads to achieve multi-head print and increase print speed.
  • step S105 is performed to superimpose the layer-by-layer printing result in step S102 to form a 3D object.
  • this step is a molding step, and the steps S102 to S104 involve printing of a specific layer, and the target object shares the M layer, and the M layer is completely obtained through steps S102 to S104. And printing layer by layer, and superimposing to form the 3D object.
  • the superposition described in this step is not a final step, but is performed along with the steps S102 to S104, that is, the steps S102 to S104 complete a layer of printing results. That is, a layer is superimposed, and the process of superposition is a cumulative process.
  • each of the layer-by-layer printing results formed in steps S102 to S104 is first cured and then superimposed, so that the dimensional stability of the 3D object can be further improved, and each of the layer-by-layer printing results is prevented from being mutually Penetration occurred.
  • each of the layer-by-layer printing results is cured after being flattened and then superimposed. This variation can further improve the dimensional stability of the 3D object, and the formed 3D object is more beautiful. .
  • the layer image data D M is obtained by hierarchically unitizing the entire target object. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the present embodiment performs hierarchical unit processing on the whole object, so that the perfect reproduction of the target object can be achieved, and the shape and color of the target object can be well continuous. Sexually, in particular, when the target object has a see-through effect, printing is preferably performed by the present embodiment. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the specific process of the hierarchical unit is divided into two parts.
  • the first part is to layer the whole object to obtain a plurality of cut surfaces, and obtain the spatial coordinate values of the cut surface; the second part is Each slice is processed in units, the number of pixels in each cell is determined, and the color value of each pixel is determined according to the color of the cell.
  • the layered processing for the first part is generally implemented by a hierarchical processing algorithm based on group sorting and edge-to-edge intersection, and the basic idea is: performing overall grouping sorting according to geometric continuity of the STL model, and establishing a hierarchical relationship The matrix then performs the edge-to-edge tracking and intersection of the triangular patches in the relation matrix, and finally generates the contour profile data.
  • the first step is to perform grouping sorting.
  • the second step is to cross the edge and obtain the contour data of the cut surface.
  • the specific process is usually as follows: a series of edges and a set of parallel planes are known, and the intersection of each side with the set of planes is obtained, and will be in the same All intersections of the layers are arranged in the order of their connection relationship to form a closed profile of each layer.
  • the layering step is usually implemented using layered software.
  • the number of specific layers needs to be determined according to the spatial resolution of the final 3D object. When the spatial resolution is higher, the number of layers is larger. When the spatial resolution is smaller, the number of layers is smaller.
  • the number of pixel points of each unit is determined, specifically, it is determined by combining the resolution required for each layer of the slice, and the resolution is high, the number of pixels is large, and the resolution is high. The rate is low and the number of pixels is low.
  • a specific slice is divided into a plurality of cells, each of which is a rectangular pixel lattice composed of pixel points, for example, three primary colors of CMY (ie, cyan, magenta, and yellow), for example, first
  • the cut surface is divided into planes of three primary colors, and the unit is divided in the plane of each primary color.
  • Each unit formed is a rectangular pixel lattice composed of pixels of a specific primary color.
  • CMYK cyan, magenta, yellow, and black
  • first a specific slice is divided into planes of four primary colors, and unit division is performed in the plane of each primary color, and each segment is formed.
  • a unit is a rectangular pixel lattice composed of pixels of a specific primary color.
  • the second is to determine the color value of each pixel, which has been described in the previous embodiment, and will not be described here.
  • the print data P MN in the step S102 is obtained by halftone conversion of the layer image data D M .
  • the present embodiment performs halftone conversion on the color values defined by the N M pixel points based on the slice plane. Specifically, the process of halftone conversion actually converts the value of a specific pixel point into corresponding print data. More specifically, those skilled in the art understand that in 3D printing, not only the planar color resolution of a particular slice but also the spatial color resolution of the entire target object is considered when performing halftone conversion, because the resulting 3D is formed.
  • the object is formed by a superposition of a plurality of layered faces, the color resolution of each slice being superimposed on each other and ultimately affecting the spatial color resolution of the 3D object.
  • the color resolution standard may be uniform or inconsistent, which requires consideration of the spatial color complexity of the 3D object.
  • the color resolution of the cut surface of the central portion of the 3D object may be lower, and the color resolution of the cut surface near the surface portion of the 3D object may be higher; for example, the color of the cut surface away from the transparent portion of the 3D object
  • the resolution can be lower, and the color resolution of the cut surface near the transparent portion of the 3D object can be higher.
  • the layer image data D M is 8-bit data as an example.
  • the layer image data D M is 8-bit data
  • its corresponding X MN value is between 0 and 255.
  • the print data P MN is obtained as follows:
  • Step S201 is performed to divide the value set X MN by 255 to obtain a corresponding pseudo-value set X MN ', and the pseudo-value set X MN ' is between 0 and 1, specifically, those skilled in the art understand
  • the value set X MN is composed of values of N M pixel points, including x 11 , x 12 , x 21 , x 22 ...
  • the pseudo-value set X MN ' corresponds to the value set X
  • the MN is formed, that is, the pseudo-value set X MN ' is composed of a pseudo-value of N M pixel points, that is, the pseudo-value set X MN ' consists of x 11 ', x 12 ', x 21 ', x 22 '...x MN 'composed.
  • step S202 is performed to set a threshold S. If the x MN ' is smaller than the S, the converted p MN is 0, and if the x MN ' is greater than the S, the converted p MN is 1.
  • the corresponding print data P MN is composed of a series of p MNs .
  • the threshold S is a value between 0.4 and 0.65. Specifically, the S values are 0.4, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65. .
  • the print data P MN is obtained as follows:
  • Step S301 the value set X MN is divided by 255 to obtain the corresponding pseudo-value set X MN ', and the pseudo-value set X MN ' according to the adjacent relationship of N pixel points of the M-layer image
  • the order is in turn composed of x M1 ', x M2 ', x M3 '...x MN '.
  • the adjacent relationship is preferably an adjacent relationship of N pixel points in the same slice layer, for example, the pseudo-value set X 1N ' of the first layer image is represented by x 11 ' , x 12 ', x 13 '...x 1N ', the pseudo-value set X 2N ' of the second layer image is composed of x 21 ', x 22 ', x 23 '...x 2N ', and so on.
  • step S302 is performed to compare the threshold S with the x M1 ', if the M M1 ' is smaller than the S, p M1 is 0, and if the x M1 ' is greater than the S, p M1 is 1 .
  • step S302 is a basic step of the embodiment, and can also be said to be a starting point step, and the following steps are all performed on the basis of step S302.
  • the position of the pseudo-value x M1 ' corresponding to the step S302 is randomly generated, or may be specified, but in any case, as long as the pseudo-value x M1 ' is generated,
  • the adjacent unprocessed pixel points are processed centering on the pixel position corresponding to the pseudo-value x M1 ', that is, the pseudo-values of the corresponding pixel points are sequentially processed in this order.
  • the positions of the pixels corresponding to the subsequent other pseudo-values are not randomly generated, but are in a certain sequence, adjacent to each other.
  • the relationship is generated as a reference, and finally a sequence of pixel points is formed, and the pseudo-value sequence corresponding to the sequence of pixel points is x M2 ', x M3 ', x M4 '...x MN '.
  • the position of the subsequent pixel is sequentially generated to the right and below.
  • step S303 is performed to calculate x MN ' minus the difference E MN of p MN , and calculate the sum of x M(N+1) ' and the E MN to obtain x M(N+1) ".
  • step S303 is actually a process of error processing, which is also the place where the second embodiment is distinguished by the present embodiment. The purpose of this is to easily cause errors and perform error processing in the process of performing halftone conversion.
  • the color reproduction degree of the converted print data P MN can be made high.
  • the step is performed on the basis of the step S302, and the difference E MN is according to the pixel point in the step S302.
  • the sequence is sequentially spread, that is, the error of the adjacent points is accepted from the beginning of the x M2 ', for example, the difference E M1 is x M1 ' is subtracted from p M1 , and the x M2 'accepts the x M1 '
  • the error is obtained by adding x M2 ' to the E M1 to obtain x M2 ", and treating the x M2 " as the processing object, and the same principle sequentially makes x M3 ', x M4 '...x MN ' Accept the error of the adjacent proposed value.
  • step S304 is performed to compare the x M(N+1) ′′ with the threshold S, and if the x M(N+1) ′′ is smaller than the S, p M(N+1) is 0, If the x M(N+1) ” is larger than the S, p M(N+1) is 1. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, step S303 and step S304 are performed cyclically, and the number of cycles is according to N.
  • the print data P MN is obtained as follows:
  • Step S401 is executed to divide the value set X MN by 255 to obtain a corresponding pseudo-value set X MN ', and the pseudo-value set X MN ' is composed of a series of x MN '.
  • step S402 the pseudo-value set X MN ' is sorted corresponding to N pixel points of the M layer image, and the pseudo-value set X MN ' is sequentially composed of x M1 ', x M2 ', x M3 ', x M4 '...x MN 'composed.
  • the ordering manner is preferably based on N pixel points in the same slice layer, for example, the pseudo-value set of the first layer image X 1N ' is sorted by x 11 ', x 12 ', x 13 '...x 1N ', the pseudo-value set of the 2nd layer image X 2N ' is composed of x 21 ', x 22 ', x 23 '...x 2N ', and so on.
  • the sorting may be performed on the basis of the pixel point set of a single unit, or may be sorted based on the pixel point set of the plurality of units.
  • the specific sorting method is variable, and it can be sorted randomly or in a certain sequence.
  • step S403 is performed to set g thresholds and sort to form a threshold set S Mg ', and those skilled in the art understand that the threshold set S Mg ' is set for comparison with the pseudo-value set X MN '
  • the threshold set S Mg ' includes g thresholds, that is, the threshold set S Mg ' is composed of s M1 ', s M2 ', s M3 ', s M4 '...s Mg ' in turn, specifically, g represents The number of thresholds included in the threshold set S Mg ', the value of g may be equal to the number N of pixel points in the step S402, or may be smaller than the number N of pixel points in the step S402.
  • Step S404 N x M layer image numerical values to set the threshold value S Mg 'as a reference sequence, the set value of the dummy X MN' of MN 'with the threshold value set S Mg' threshold values of g a one-to-one comparison, if the x MN ' is smaller than the s Mg ', p MN is 0, and if the x MN ' is greater than the s Mg ', p MN is 1, corresponding to the formed print data P MN It consists of a series of p MNs .
  • this step is also a process of error processing, which is also the difference between the second embodiment in the embodiment, that is, the pseudo-value set X MN ' is not only compared with a fixed threshold S, but A threshold set S Mg ' is compared so that comparative diversification can be achieved by artificially reducing the error by setting the threshold set S Mg '.
  • the purpose of this is the same as that of the third embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
  • the sequence of the threshold set S Mg ' that is, in the order of s M1 ', s M2 ', s M3 ', s M4 '...s Mg '
  • the data is compared with the corresponding x M1 ', x M2 ', x M3 ', x M4 '...x MN ', and the value of the p MN is obtained.
  • the comparison is still performed according to the sequence of the threshold set S Mg ', except that since g is smaller than N, a comparison process cannot obtain the M layer image of the pseudo-value set X MN '
  • the N values are all compared.
  • the cycle comparison is performed based on the sequence of the threshold set S Mg ', that is, the multiple comparison process is included. Specifically, the first comparison process is completed first, and s M1 ' is compared. s M2 ', s M3 ', s M4 '...s Mg 'and x M1 ', x M2 ', x M3 ', x M4 '...x Mg '; if 2*g ⁇ N, start the second comparison process , compare s M1 ', s M2 ', s M3 ', s M4 '...s Mg ' and x M(g+1) ', x M(g+2) ', x M(g+3) ', x M(g+4) '...x MN ; if the 2*g>N, continue the third comparison process, compare s M1 ', s M2 ', s M3 ', s M4 '
  • N can be greater than several times g, so in the actual application process, it may also include the fifth comparison process, the sixth comparison process, and the like, and the comparison manners are all similar. Let me repeat. More specifically, preferably, the threshold set S Mg ' ranges from any value between 0.4 and 0.65.
  • the layer image data D M can also be 16-bit data, and the corresponding X N value is between 0 and 65535.
  • the specific implementation process and the embodiment are described.
  • the third embodiment is similar to the fourth embodiment and will not be described again.
  • a system for printing a 3D object comprising a data processor, a process controller and a print head, the data processor converting layer image data D M of the target object to obtain print data P MN , P MN and the data in the print data 0 is corrected to obtain corrected printing data P MN ', the D M N M pixel points by the set of values X MN composition.
  • the data processor generally includes a central processing unit, a main memory, an input-output interface, and a component for processing data and executing instructions according to the steps specified by the program.
  • the general working process is: central processing.
  • the layer image data D M in the main memory is read through the input interface, and the layer image data D M is converted according to a specific program, and the converted print data P MN and the corrected print data P MN ' are obtained through the output interface.
  • Output is
  • the process controller generally includes a central processing unit, a main memory, and an input-output interface for converting specific data into execution operation instructions and storing them in the main memory, and the operation instructions can be read out during operation.
  • the control signal is distributed to each part for execution.
  • the central processing unit receives the print data P MN and the corrected print data P MN ′ through an input interface, and generates a specific print instruction according to the print data P MN and the corrected print data P MN ′ to be stored in the main a memory, wherein a print instruction for printing using the first print material is generated according to the corrected print data P MN ', a print command for printing using the second print material is generated according to the print data P MN , and finally the print command is converted into a control signal Outputted to the printhead through an output interface, the printhead performs layer-by-layer print overlay according to the control signal to form a 3D object.
  • the process controller does not convert the print command into a control signal, but directly outputs the generated print command to the print head through an output interface, at which time the print head will receive the print head.
  • the print command matches the built-in instructions of the print head itself, and if the match is successful, the print operation is performed, and if the match fails, the print action is not performed.
  • the system further includes a flattering device and a curing device,
  • the flattering device is for flattening each of the layer-by-layer printing results, preferably the flattering device is composed of a transmission device and a functional device, which may be a flat roller or a scraper,
  • the transmission can be a robotic arm.
  • the curing device is configured to cure each of the layer-by-layer printing products, and the curing device may be a heat curing device or a light curing device according to different materials of the first printing material and the second printing material. Device.

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Abstract

一种3D物体的打印方法及系统，其中，3D物体的打印方法包括以下步骤： a、基于目标物体的层图像数据D M进行转换得到打印数据P MN，D M由N M个像素点的数值集X MN组成，其中M表示层图像的层数，N表示像素点的个数； b、基于打印数据P MN进行逐层打印，其中，当P MN为0时使用第一打印材料进行打印； c、将步骤b中的逐层打印成果叠加形成3D物体。这种打印方法打印出的3D物体更有层次感，同时方法过程简单，自动化程度高，产品易于实现。

Description

一种3D物体的打印方法及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及3D物体的快速成型技术，尤其涉及采用喷墨打印头进行逐层加式制造3D物体的技术，特别是一种3D物体的打印方法及系统。
背景技术
快速成型技术又称快速原型制造技术，是在计算机控制下基于离散/堆积的原理，将物体的物理形状通过造型软件或三维扫描仪转化为三维数字立体模型，并用该模型生成STL文件，用分层软件将此模型在Z轴离散，形成一系列具有相同厚度或不同厚度的薄片，然后利用熔融沉积技术(FDM技术)、立体光刻技术(SLA技术)、选择性激光烧结技术(SLS技术)或叠层成型技术(LOM技术)等将这一系列的薄片逐层加工堆积起来，最后经过后处理得到3D图像。
相较于传统的SLA、SLS和LOM技术，多喷立体打印技术(MJP技术)是根据喷墨打印机的工作原理，在数字信号的激励下使喷嘴腔室中的液体(成型材料和/或制成材料)在瞬间形成液滴，并以一定的速度和频率从喷嘴中喷出，按指定路径逐层固化成型，最终得到3D图像，使用MJP不需要昂贵的激光系统，因此设备价格便宜，运行和维护成本也很低；相较于FDM技术，使用MJP技术可以在更低的温度下工作；而且MJP技术还具有操作简单、成型速度快、适用的材料种类多、成型件的精度高，可在办公环境下使用等优点，因此MJP技术是目前快速成型技术研究的热点之一。
应用MJP技术制造的物体从表面颜色可以分为两类：一类是单色物体，另一类为彩色物体(至少包含两种颜色)。随着人们对物质文化需求的增长，人们已不仅仅满足于视觉上的单一，他们希望充分利用MJP技术的优势来制造出个性化设计的任何丰富多彩的物体。
目前市场上现有的3D物体的打印方法为：通过人工将模型文件不同区域进行上色，接着通过分层软件对已经上好色的模型进行分层处理，分层处理后生成的数据信息被发送到打印机驱动控制器，由驱动控 制器控制打印头沿着预定的路径喷墨，固化后进行逐层叠加，最终打印出彩色物体。
现有技术的缺陷在于还停留在模块选择上色的技术层面，此时需要人工确定某个模块需要添加某种颜色，人工选择费时费力，且颜色过渡表现力差，而且不同人对颜色的辨别程度不同，最终可能导致所打印的物体与实际需要的物体颜色存在差异。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷，根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种3D物体的打印方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a、基于目标物体的层图像数据DM进行转换得到打印数据PMN，所述DM由NM个像素点的数值集XMN组成，其中M表示层图像的层数，N表示像素点的个数；
b、基于所述打印数据PMN进行逐层打印，其中，当PMN为0时使用第一打印材料进行打印；
c、将所述步骤b中的逐层打印成果叠加形成3D物体。
优选地，在步骤b中，当所述打印数据PMN为0时，对所述打印数据PMN进行补正得到补正打印数据PMN＇，当识别到所述补正打印数据PMN＇时即使用第一打印材料进行打印。
优选地，在所述步骤b中，将所述补正打印数据PMN＇与打印启动指令建立关联，并当识别到所述补正打印数据PMN＇时即使用第一打印材料进行打印。
优选地，通过对目标物体整体进行分层分单元处理得到所述层图像数据DM。
优选地，在所述步骤a中，将所述层图像数据DM进行半色调转换得到所述打印数据PMN。
优选地，所述层图像数据DM是8位制数据，其对应的XMN数值在0～255之间。
优选地，所述打印数据PMN通过如下方式获得：
a1、将所述数值集XMN除以255得到对应的拟制数值集XMN＇， 则所述拟制数值集XMN＇在0～1之间，所述拟制数值集XMN＇由x11＇、x12＇、x21＇、x22＇…xMN＇组成；
a2、设定阈值S，比较拟制数值集XMN＇与所述阈值S，若所述xMN＇小于所述S则转换后的pMN为0，若所述xMN＇大于所述S则转换后的pMN为1，对应形成的所述打印数据PMN由一系列pMN组成。
优选地，所述打印数据PMN通过如下方式获得：
a1＇、将所述数值集XMN除以255得到对应的所述拟制数值集XMN＇，所述拟制数值集XMN＇根据M层图像的N个像素点的相邻关系的次序依次由xM1＇、xM2＇、xM3＇…xMN＇组成；
a2＇、比较所述阈值S与所述xM1＇，若所述xM1＇小于所述S则pM1为0，若所述xM1＇大于所述S则pM1为1；
a3＇、计算xMN＇减去pMN的差值EMN，计算xM(N+1)＇与所述EMN的和得出xM(N+1)″；
a4＇、比较所述xM(N+1)″与所述阈值S，若所述xM(N+1)″小于所述S则pM(N+1)为0，若所述xM(N+1)″大于所述S则pM(N+1)为1；
a5＇、重复步骤a3＇和a4＇，直至将xMN全部转换为pMN，对应形成的所述打印数据PMN由一系列pMN组成。
优选地，S为如下数值中的任一个：
0.4；
0.5；
0.55；
0.6；或者
0.65。
优选地，所述打印数据PMN通过如下方式获得：
a1″、将所述数值集XMN除以255得到对应的拟制数值集XMN＇，所述拟制数值集XMN＇对应M层图像的N个像素点进行排序，则所述拟制数值集XMN＇依次由xM1＇、xM2＇、xM3＇、xM4＇…xMN＇组成；
a2″、设定g个阈值并排序形成阈值集SMg＇，则所述阈值集SMg＇依次由sM1＇、sM2＇、sM3＇、sM4＇…sMg＇组成，其中0＜g≤N；
a3″、以所述阈值集SMg＇的序列为基准，将拟制数值集XMN＇ M层图像的N个数值与所述阈值集SMg＇的g个阈值一一对应比较，若所述xMN＇小于所述sMg＇则pMN为0，若所述xMN＇大于所述sMg＇则pMN为1，对应形成的所述打印数据PMN由一系列pMN组成。
优选地，所述阈值集SMg＇的取值范围是0.4～0.65之间的任何数值。
优选地，所述层图像数据DM是16位制数据，其对应的XMN数值在0～65535之间。
优选地，所述第一打印材料是以下材料的一种：
透明材料；
白色材料；或者
近似白色的材料。
优选地，在所述步骤b中，当所述PMN为1时使用第二打印材料进行打印。
优选地，所述第二打印材料是以下材料的一种：
青色材料、品红色材料和黄色材料的组合；或者
青色材料、品红色材料和黄色材料中的任两种组合。
优选地，所述第一打印材料和第二打印材料为以下材料的一种：
光固化材料；或者
温度固化材料。
优选地，所述步骤c中，每个所述逐层打印成果固化后再进行叠加。
优选地，所述步骤c中，每个所述逐层打印成果较平后先进行固化，然后再叠加。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供一种用于打印3D物体的系统，包
括数据处理器、过程控制器和打印头，其特征在于：
数据处理器将目标物体的层图像数据DM进行转换得到打印数据PMN，且将打印数据PMN中为0的数据进行补正得到补正打印数据PMN＇；
过程控制器基于所述打印数据PMN和补正打印数据PMN＇控制打印头进行逐层打印叠加形成3D物体，其中，基于所述补正打印数据PMN＇使用第一打印材料进行打印，基于所述打印数据PMN使用第二打印材料进行打印。
优选地，还包括较平装置，其用于对每个所述逐层打印成果进行较平。
优选地，还包括固化装置，用于对每个所述逐层打印成果进行固化。
本发明采用逐层打印的方法，将目标物体整体进行分层分单元处理后得到层图像数据DM，并将层图像数据DM进行半色调转换得到打印数据PMN，当PMN为0时使用第一打印材料打印，PMN为1时使用第二打印材料打印，使用本发明的所涉及的打印方法打印出的3D物体更有层次感，尤其是在打印彩色3D物体时，还能够呈现丰富的颜色以及不同颜色间的自然过渡，同时本发明方法过程简单，自动化程度高，产品易于实现。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1示出根据本发明的一个具体实施方式的，一种3D物体的打印方法的流程图；
图2示出根据本发明的一个实施例的，对层图像数据DM进行转换得到打印数据PMN的方法的流程图；
图3示出根据本发明的一个实施例的，对层图像数据DM进行转换得到打印数据PMN的方法的流程图；以及
图4示出根据本发明的一个实施例的，对层图像数据DM进行转换得到打印数据PMN的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的一个具体实施方式的，一种3D物体的打印方法的流程图，具体地，包括以下步骤：
执行步骤S101，基于目标物体的层图像数据DM进行转换得到打印数据PMN，所述DM由NM个像素点的数值集XMN组成。本领域技术人员理解，其中DM由M层的图像数据组成，包括d1、d2、d3…dM，NM表示目标物体包括的像素点数量，XMN由每个像素点的数值组成，包括 x11、x12、x21、x22…xMN，PMN由每个像素点的数值对应转换后得出的打印数据值组成，包括p11、p12、p21、p22…pMN，具体地，M表示层图像的层数，N表示像素点的个数
进一步地，所述层图像数据DM是将目标物体进行分层分单元处理得到的数据，所述层图像数据DM对应所述目标物体中的NM个像素点的数值构成的数值集XMN。所述NM个像素点的数值包括两个方面的数据：一是所述NM个像素点所在切面的空间坐标值，二是所述NM个像素点基于所在切面定义的色彩值。具体地，所述空间坐标值是通过对所述目标物体进行分层得到，其通过向一个方向或者多个方向设置坐标轴进行定义。所述色彩值是可以基于CMY色彩模式的色彩数据，也可以是基于CMYK色彩模式的色彩数据，还可以是基于其他色彩模式的色彩数据，其定义方式基于2D打印的技术。
进一步地，所述打印数据PMN是在所述层图像数据DM的基础上进行转换得到的，本领域技术人员理解，转换的方法在2D打印领域已经有了众多的研究，从2D打印图像数据转换的理论出发，在2D打印中进行图像数据转换的目的就是以尽可能小的损失实现图像的获取、传递、复现等，而在3D打印技术中，如果单纯从某一具体层图像数据的转换出发，其基本原理同2D打印中的原理是相似的，但是3D打印进行层图像数据转换时，还需要同时考虑所述层图像数据在3D空间范围中的数据，即空间坐标值信息，以更加完美的复现目标物体。
进一步地，执行步骤S102，基于所述打印数据PMN进行逐层打印，本领域技术人员理解，在实际的应用中，大多数的打印头驱动控制数据都是二进制的，则经过转换得到的所述打印数据PMN相对应的值为0或者1。具体地，在现有的打印过程中，当所述打印数据PMN为0时，打印头并不执行打印动作，只有当所述打印数据PMN为1时，才执行打印动作。更为具体地，在本发明中，最终需要实现的是一个3D物体，如果当所述打印数据PMN为0时不喷射打印材料，则在该位置的像素点会被后续其他像素点的打印材料所填充，最终会影响到整个3D物体的形状，因此需要对转换后得到的打印数据PMN作进一步的处理，以使每个像素点都被打印，即无论所述打印数据PMN是0或者1，都控制打印 头喷射打印材料。更为具体地，由于通常的打印头驱动控制数据是二进制的，因此打印头所接受的打印指令实际上也是0或者1，当打印指令0时不执行打印动作，即所述打印头不控制打印喷嘴喷出打印材料，当打印指令是1时执行打印动作，即所述打印头控制打印喷嘴喷出打印材料，而对所述打印数据PMN作进一步的处理的过程就是将数值为0打印数据PMN转换，使得打印头将数值为0打印数据PMN识别为打印指令1。
进一步地，在执行步骤S102的基础上，当所述打印数据PMN为0时，执行步骤S103，使用第一打印材料进行打印，当所述打印数据PMN为1时，执行步骤S104，使用第二打印材料进行打印，即根据所述打印数据PMN数值的不同控制打印头喷射不同的打印材料，其具体的过程实际上就是将所述打印数据PMN转换为不同的打印指令的过程。在一个实施例中，所述第一打印材料是透明材料或者白色材料或者近似白色的材料，而所述第二打印材料是青色材料、品红色材料和黄色材料的组合。具体地，当使用第二打印材料打印时，具体选择哪种颜色进行打印，需要结合待打印像素点所在的切面的基色而确定，例如所述待打印像素点所在的切面的基色为青色，则使用青色材料打印，更为具体地，所在的切面的基色的确定在前面步骤中已有叙述，在此不再赘述。作为一种变化，所述第二打印材料还可以青色材料、品红色材料和黄色材料中的任两种组合，还可以加入其他颜色的材料，这需要根据半色调转换后的色彩模式确定。本领域技术人员理解，所述第一打印材料和第二打印材料的颜色可以有多种变化的组合。进一步地，所述第一打印材料和第二打印材料优选地为光固化材料或者温度固化材料。
在一个实施例中，对所述打印数据PMN进行进一步处理的方法为，对所述打印数据PMN进行补正得到补正打印数据PMN＇。具体地，由于通常的打印头驱动控制数据都是二进制的，因此打印头所接受的打印指令实际上也是0或者1，而补正的过程就是将当所述打印数据PMN数值为0时，经过补正后得到所述补正打印数据PMN＇数值为1，以使所述打印头能够识别并执行打印动作。更为具体地，只要所述打印头识别到所述补正打印数据PMN＇即使用第一打印材料进行打印。在一个具体地实施例中，例如所述打印数据PMN是基于CMY色彩模式的数据，则所 述打印数据PMN通过四个传输通道传送到所述打印头，所述四个传输通道中的三个通道用于传输CMY色彩模式的数据，剩余的一个传输通道用于传输所述补正打印数据PMN＇，打印头的控制器分别识别所述打印数据PMN以及所述补正打印数据PMN＇，进而开始使用所述第二打印材料或者第一打印材料打印。作为一种变化，分别为所述打印数据PMN以及所述补正打印数据PMN＇设置专用的数据通道，并且分别匹配对接一个控制器的数据通道，即有四个控制器分别对应CMY色彩模式的三种数据以及所述补正打印数据PMN＇，此时识别所述打印数据PMN以及所述补正打印数据PMN＇的过程可以省略，生成所述打印数据PMN以及所述补正打印数据PMN＇即开始打印。
在一个变化例中，还将所述补正打印数据PMN＇与打印启动指令建立关联，并当识别到所述补正打印数据PMN＇时即使用第一打印材料进行打印。本领域技术人员理解，优选地，本变化例中应用于包括多个打印头的打印过程，在具体的补正过程中，不仅对所述打印数据PMN的数值进行补正，还将每次补正得到所述补正打印数据PMN＇与不同打印头的打印启动指令关联，以实现多打印头打印，提高打印速度。
进一步地，执行步骤S105，将所述步骤S102中的逐层打印成果叠加形成3D物体。本领域技术人员理解，本步骤是成型步骤，所述步骤S102至步骤S104涉及的是某一具体层的打印，而所述目标物体共有M层，通过步骤S102至步骤S104将所述M层全部并且逐层打印，并叠加形成所述3D物体。更为具体地，本步骤所述的叠加，并非是一个最后才执行的步骤，而是伴随着所述步骤S102至步骤S104而执行的步骤，即所述步骤S102至步骤S104完成一层打印成果即叠加一层，这种叠加的过程是一个累积型的过程。优选地所述步骤S102至步骤S104形成的每个所述逐层打印成果先固化后再进行叠加，这样可以进一步提高所述3D物体的尺寸稳定性，防止各个所述逐层打印成果彼此之间发生渗透现象。作为一种变化，每个所述逐层打印成果较平后先进行固化，然后再叠加，此变化例能够进一步地提高所述3D物体的尺寸稳定性，同时形成的所述3D物体会更加美观。
作为本发明的第一实施例，通过对目标物体整体进行分层分单元处 理得到所述层图像数据DM。本领域技术人员理解，本实施例是对目标物体的整体进行分层分单元处理，这样最能够实现所述目标物体的完美复现，无论是目标物体的形状、颜色都能够实现很好的连续性，特别地，当所述目标物体是具有透视效果时，优选地通过本实施例进行打印。本领域技术人员理解，所述分层分单元具体的过程分为两个部分，第一部分是对目标物体整体进行分层处理得到多个切面，得到所在切面的空间坐标值；第二部分是在每个切面进行分单元处理，确定每个单元的像素点数量，并根据该单元的色彩确定每个像素点的色彩值。
进一步地，对于所述第一部分的分层处理通常采用基于分组排序和对边求交的分层处理算法实现，其基本思想是：根据STL模型的几何连续性进行整体分组排序，建立分层关系矩阵，然后对关系矩阵中的三角面片分别进行对边追踪求交，最终生成切面轮廓数据，具体地，通过以下方式实现：第一步进行分组排序。本领域技术人员理解，快速成形加工的分层厚度与STL模型中三角形面片的尺寸比较起来一般都非常小，一个三角形面片往往与多个相邻分层平面相交。由于STL模型的几何连续性，使得与分层平面相交的三角形面片也是连续排列的，所以除少数分层平面外，与相邻分层平面相交的三角形面片集合是连续的，即与相邻两个分层面相交的面片集合是基本不变的。第二步进行对边求交，获取切面轮廓数据，具体的过程通常是这样的：已知一系列边和一组相互平行的切平面，求各边与这组平面的交点，并将处于同一层的所有交点按照它们之间的连接关系顺序排列，形成各层封闭切面轮廓。在实际的操作过程中，分层步骤通常使用分层软件来实现。具体分层的数量需要根据最终3D物体的空间分辨率确定，当空间分辨率越高，则分层的数量越多，当空间分辨率越小，则分层数量越小。
进一步地，对于所述第二部分的分单元处理，首先是确定每个单元的像素点数量，具体地需要结合每层切面所需要的分辨率而确定，分辨率高则像素点数量多，分辨率低则像素点数量低。更为具体地，是将特定切面分割为多个单元，每个单元就是由像素点构成的矩形像素点阵，例如以CMY(即青色、品红色、黄色)三种基色为例，首先将特定切面分成三种基色的平面，在每种基色的平面中再进行单元分割，分割后 的形成的每个单元就是由特定基色的像素点组成矩形像素点阵。又例如以CMYK(即青色、品红色、黄色、黑色)四种基色为例，首先将特定切面分成四种基色的平面，在每种基色的平面中再进行单元分割，分割后的形成的每个单元就是由特定基色的像素点组成矩形像素点阵。其次是确定每个像素点的色彩值，这在前面具体实施方式部分已有叙述，在此不再赘述。
作为本发明的第二实施例，所述步骤S102中所述打印数据PMN，是将所述层图像数据DM进行半色调转换得到的。本领域技术人员理解，本实施例是对所述NM个像素点基于所在切面定义的色彩值进行半色调转换。具体地，所述半色调转化的过程实际上就是将特定像素点的数值转换为相应的打印数据。更为具体地，本领域技术人员理解，在3D打印中，进行半色调转换时不仅要考虑特定切面的平面色彩分辨率，同时还要考虑整个目标物体的空间色彩分辨率，因为最终形成的3D物体是由很多层切面叠加形成，每层切面的色彩分辨率会彼此叠加并最终影响到所述3D物体的空间色彩分辨率。具体地，每层切面进行半色调转换时，其色彩分辨率标准可以是一致的，也可以是不一致，这需要考虑到所述3D物体的空间色彩复杂程度。例如在所述3D物体中心部分的切面的色彩分辨率可以较低，而靠近所述3D物体表层部分的切面的色彩分辨率可以较高；又例如在远离所述3D物体透明部分的切面的色彩分辨率可以较低，而在靠近所述3D物体透明部分的切面的色彩分辨率可以较高。
在一个实施例中，以所述层图像数据DM是8位制数据为例进行说明。本领域技术人员理解，当所述层图像数据DM是8位制数据时，其对应的XMN数值在0～255之间。如图2所示，所述打印数据PMN通过如下方式获得：
执行步骤S201，将所述数值集XMN除以255得到对应的拟制数值集XMN＇，则所述拟制数值集XMN＇在0～1之间，具体地，本领域技术人员理解，所述数值集XMN由NM个像素点的数值组成，包括x11、x12、x21、x22…xMN，而所述拟制数值集XMN＇是对应所述数值集XMN形成，即所述拟制数值集XMN＇是由NM个像素点的拟制数值组成，即 所述拟制数值集XMN＇由x11＇、x12＇、x21＇、x22＇…xMN＇组成。
进一步地，执行步骤S202，设定阈值S，若所述xMN＇小于所述S则转换后的pMN为0，若所述xMN＇大于所述S则转换后的pMN为1，对应形成的所述打印数据PMN由一系列pMN组成，优选地，所述阈值S为0.4～0.65之间的数值，具体地，所述S取值为0.4、0.5、0.55、0.6、0.65。
作为本发明的第三实施例，如图3所示，所述打印数据PMN通过如下方式获得：
执行步骤S301，将所述数值集XMN除以255得到对应的所述拟制数值集XMN＇，所述拟制数值集XMN＇根据M层图像的N个像素点的相邻关系的次序依次由xM1＇、xM2＇、xM3＇…xMN＇组成。具体地，本领域技术人员理解，所述相邻关系优选地为处于同一切面层的N个像素点的相邻关系，例如第1层图像的拟制数值集X1N＇则由x11＇、x12＇、x13＇…x1N＇组成，第2层图像的拟制数值集X2N＇则由x21＇、x22＇、x23＇…x2N＇组成，以此类推。
进一步地，执行步骤S302，比较所述阈值S与所述xM1＇，若所述xM1＇小于所述S则pM1为0，若所述xM1＇大于所述S则pM1为1。本领域技术人员理解，步骤S302是本实施例的一个基础步骤，也可以说是一个起点步骤，以下的步骤都是在步骤S302的基础上进行的。在实际的应用过程中，有可能所述步骤S302对应的拟制数值xM1＇的位置是随机产生的，也可以是指定产生，但无论如何，只要产生所述拟制数值xM1＇，就以所述拟制数值xM1＇所对应的像素点位置为中心，对相邻的未处理的像素点进行处理，即按照此顺序依次对相应的像素点的拟制数值进行处理。具体地，只要当所述拟制数值xM1＇对应的像素点的位置产生，则后续的其他拟制数值对应的像素点的位置则并不是随机产生的，而是以一定序列，以相邻关系为基准产生，最终形成一个像素点序列，所述像素点序列对应的拟制数值序列即为xM2＇、xM3＇、xM4＇…xMN＇。例如所述xM1＇对应的像素点的位置产生后，向右方和下方依次产生后续像素点的位置。
进一步地，执行步骤S303，计算xMN＇减去pMN的差值EMN，计算 xM(N+1)＇与所述EMN的和得出xM(N+1)″。本领域技术人员理解，步骤S303实际上是一个误差处理的过程，这也是本实施例区别第二实施例的所在，这样做的目的在于，在进行半色调转换的过程中，容易出现误差，执行误差处理能够使转换后的所述打印数据PMN色彩还原度高。具体地，本步骤是在所述步骤S302的基础上进行的，所述差值EMN会根据所述步骤S302中的像素点的序列顺序进行扩散，即从所述xM2＇开始会接受相邻点的误差，例如所述差值EM1是xM1＇减去pM1得出，所述xM2＇接受所述xM1＇的误差的方式就是通过将xM2＇与所述EM1相加得出xM2″，并将所述xM2″作为处理对象，同样的原理依次使xM3＇、xM4＇…xMN＇接受相邻拟制数值的误差。
进一步地，执行步骤S304，比较所述xM(N+1)″与所述阈值S，若所述xM(N+1)″小于所述S则pM(N+1)为0，若所述xM(N+1)″大于所述S则pM(N+1)为1。具体地，如图3所示，步骤S303以及步骤S304是循环进行的，循环的次数根据N的数值而定，直至将xMN＇全部转换为pMN，即x11＇转换为p11，x12＇转换为p12，x21＇转换为p21，x22＇转换为p22，…直至xMN＇转换为pMN，对应形成的所述打印数据PMN由一系列pMN组成。
作为本发明的第四实施例，如图4所示，所述打印数据PMN通过如下方式获得：
执行步骤S401，将所述数值集XMN除以255得到对应的拟制数值集XMN＇，则所述拟制数值集XMN＇由一系列xMN＇组成。
进一步地，执行步骤S402，所述拟制数值集XMN＇对应M层图像的N个像素点进行排序，则所述拟制数值集XMN＇依次由xM1＇、xM2＇、xM3＇、xM4＇…xMN＇组成。具体地，本领域技术人员理解，所述排序方式优选地以处于同一切面层的N个像素点为基础，例如第1层图像的拟制数值集X1N＇排序后由x11＇、x12＇、x13＇…x1N＇组成，第2层图像的拟制数值集X2N＇则由x21＇、x22＇、x23＇…x2N＇组成，以此类推。具体地，在每个切面层中，可以单个单元的像素点集合为基础进行排序，也可以多个单元的像素点集合为基础进行排序。具体的排序方式是多变的，可以是随机排序，也可以是以一定的序列进行排序。
进一步地，执行步骤S403，设定g个阈值并排序形成阈值集SMg＇，本领域技术人员理解，设定所述阈值集SMg＇是为了与所述拟制数值集XMN＇进行比较，所述阈值集SMg＇包括g个阈值，即所述阈值集SMg＇依次由sM1＇、sM2＇、sM3＇、sM4＇…sMg＇组成，具体地，g表示所述阈值集SMg＇包括的阈值的数量，g的数值可以等于所述步骤S402中像素点的数量N，也可以小于所述步骤S402中像素点的数量N。
执行步骤S404，以所述阈值集SMg＇的序列为基准，将所述拟制数值集XMN＇的M层图像的N个数值xMN＇与所述阈值集SMg＇的g个阈值一一对应比较，若所述xMN＇小于所述sMg＇则pMN为0，若所述xMN＇大于所述sMg＇则pMN为1，对应形成的所述打印数据PMN由一系列pMN组成。具体地，本步骤也是一个误差处理的过程，这也是本实施例区别第二实施例的所在，即所述拟制数值集XMN＇并不是仅仅与一个固定的阈值S进行比较，而是与一个阈值集SMg＇进行比较，这样能够实现比较的多元化，通过设定阈值集SMg＇人为的减少误差。这样做的目的与所述实施例三的目的相同，在此不再赘述。根据所述步骤S403中的描述，当g等于N时，则按照所述阈值集SMg＇的序列，即按照sM1＇、sM2＇、sM3＇、sM4＇…sMg＇的顺序依次与对应的xM1＇、xM2＇、xM3＇、xM4＇…xMN＇进行一一比较，进而得出所述pMN的值。当g小于N时，仍然按照所述阈值集SMg＇的序列进行一一比较，不同的是，由于g小于N，一个比较过程并不能将所述拟制数值集XMN＇的M层图像的N个数值全部比较完毕，此时需要以所述阈值集SMg＇的序列为基准进行循环比较，即包括多次比较过程，具体地，首先完成第一次比较过程，比较sM1＇、sM2＇、sM3＇、sM4＇…sMg＇和xM1＇、xM2＇、xM3＇、xM4＇…xMg＇；若2*g＜N，再开始第二次比较过程，比较sM1＇、sM2＇、sM3＇、sM4＇…sMg＇和xM(g+1)＇、xM(g+2)＇、xM(g+3)＇、xM(g+4)＇…xMN；若所述2*g＞N，则继续第三次比较过程，比较sM1＇、sM2＇、sM3＇、sM4＇…xMg＇和xM(g+1)＇、xM(g+2)＇、xM(g+3)＇、xM(g+4)＇…xM(2*g)；然后再进行第四次比较过程，将剩余的拟制数值xMN＇按照相似的方法一一比较完毕。本领域技术人员理解，N可以大于g的数倍，因此在实际的应用过程中，还可能包括第五次比较过程、第六次比较过程等等，其比 较方式都是相似的，在此不再赘述。更为具体地，优选地，所述阈值集SMg＇的取值范围是0.4～0.65之间的任何数值。
进一步地，在实施例三和实施例四中，所述层图像数据DM还可以16位制数据，则其对应的XN数值在0～65535之间，具体的实施过程与所述实施例三和实施例四是相似的，在此不再赘述。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供一种用于打印3D物体的系统，包括数据处理器、过程控制器和打印头，数据处理器将目标物体的层图像数据DM进行转换得到打印数据PMN，且将打印数据PMN中为0的数据进行补正得到补正打印数据PMN＇，所述DM由NM个像素点的数值集XMN组成。本领域技术人员理解，所述数据处理器通常包括中央处理器，主存储器，输入-输出接口，其用于处理数据，并按照程序规定的步骤执行指令的部件，一般的工作过程为，中央处理器通过输入接口读取主存储器中的层图像数据DM，并根据特定程序对层图像数据DM进行转换，转换后得到的所述打印数据PMN以及补正打印数据PMN＇并通过输出接口输出。
进一步地，所述过程控制器通常包括中央处理器，主存储器，输入-输出接口，其用于将特定数据转换为执行操作指令并存储在主存储器中，运行时能够读出所述操作指令形成控制信号分给各部分执行。一般的工作过程为，中央处理器通过输入接口接收所述打印数据PMN以及补正打印数据PMN＇，并根据所述打印数据PMN和补正打印数据PMN＇产生特定的打印指令存储在主存储器中，其中，根据补正打印数据PMN＇产生使用第一打印材料进行打印的打印指令，根据打印数据PMN产生使用第二打印材料进行打印的打印指令，最后再将打印指令转换为控制信号通过输出接口输出到所述打印头，所述打印头根据所述控制信号进行逐层打印叠加形成3D物体。在另一个变化例中，所述过程控制器并不将打印指令转换为控制信号，而是直接将产生的打印指令通过输出接口输出到所述打印头，此时所述打印头将接收的所述打印指令与打印头自身的内置指令进行匹配，如果匹配成功则执行打印动作，如果匹配失败则不执行打印动作。
在一个优选地实施例中，所述系统还包括较平装置以及固化装置， 所述较平装置其用于对每个所述逐层打印成果进行较平，优选地所述较平装置由传动装置和功能装置组成，所述功能装置可以是较平辊或者刮刀，所述传动装置可以是机械臂。所述固化装置用于对每个所述逐层打印成果进行固化，根据所述第一打印材料和第二打印材料的材质的不同，所述固化装置可以是热固化装置，也可以是光固化装置。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种3D物体的打印方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    a、基于目标物体的层图像数据DM进行转换得到打印数据PMN，所述DM由NM个像素点的数值集XMN组成，其中M表示层图像的层数，N表示像素点的个数；
    b、基于所述打印数据PMN进行逐层打印，其中，当所述打印数据PMN为0时使用第一打印材料进行打印；
    c、将所述步骤b中的逐层打印成果叠加形成3D物体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的打印方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤b中，当所述打印数据PMN为0时，对所述打印数据PMN进行补正得到补正打印数据PMN＇，当识别到所述补正打印数据PMN＇时即使用第一打印材料进行打印。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的打印方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤b中，将所述补正打印数据PMN＇与打印启动指令建立关联，并当识别到所述补正打印数据PMN＇时即使用第一打印材料进行打印。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的打印方法，其特征在于，通过对所述目标物体整体进行分层分单元处理得到所述层图像数据DM。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的打印方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤a中，将所述层图像数据DM进行半色调转换得到所述打印数据PMN。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的打印方法，其特征在于，所述层图像数据DM是8位制数据，其对应的XMN数值在0～255之间。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的打印方法，其特征在于，所述打印数据PMN通过如下方式获得：
    a1、将所述数值集XMN除以255得到对应的拟制数值集XMN＇，则所述拟制数值集XMN＇在0～1之间，所述拟制数值集XMN＇由x11＇、x12＇、x21＇、x22＇…xMN＇组成；
    a2、设定阈值S，比较所述拟制数值集XMN＇与所述阈值S，若所述xMN＇小于所述S则转换后的pMN为0，若所述xMN＇大于所述S则转换后的pMN为1，对应形成的所述打印数据PMN由一系列pMN组成。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的打印方法，其特征在于，所述打印数据 PMN通过如下方式获得：
    a1＇、将所述数值集XMN除以255得到对应的所述拟制数值集XMN＇，所述拟制数值集XMN＇根据M层图像的N个像素点的相邻关系的次序依次由xM1＇、xM2＇、xM3＇…xMN＇组成；
    a2＇、比较所述阈值S与所述xM1＇，若所述xM1＇小于所述S则pM1为0，若所述xM1＇大于所述S则pM1为1；
    a3＇、计算xMN＇减去pMN的差值EMN，计算xM(N+1)＇与所述EMN的和得出xM(N+1)＇＇；
    a4＇、比较所述xM(N+1)＇＇与所述阈值S，若所述xM(N+1)＇＇小于所述S则pM(N+1)为0，若所述xM(N+1)＇＇大于所述S则pM(N+1)为1；
    a5＇、重复步骤a3＇和a4＇，直至将xMN＇全部转换为pMN，对应形成的所述打印数据PMN由一系列pMN组成。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的打印方法，其特征在于，S为如下数值中的任一个：
    0.4；
    0.5；
    0.55；
    0.6；或者
    0.65。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的打印方法，其特征在于，所述打印数据PMN通过如下方式获得：
    a1＇＇、将所述数值集XMN除以255得到对应的拟制数值集XMN＇，所述拟制数值集XMN＇对应M层图像的N个像素点进行排序，则所述拟制数值集XMN＇依次由xM1＇、xM2＇、xM3＇、xM4＇…xMN＇组成；
    a2＇＇、设定g个阈值并排序形成阈值集SMg＇，则所述阈值集SMg＇依次由sM1＇、sM2＇、sM3＇、sM4＇…sMg＇组成，其中0＜g≤N；
    a3＇＇、以所述阈值集SMg＇的序列为基准，将所述拟制数值集XMN＇的M层图像的N个数值xMN＇与所述阈值集SMg＇的g个阈值sMg＇一一对应比较，若所述xMN＇小于所述sMg＇则pMN为0，若所述xMN＇大于所述sMg＇则pMN为1，对应形成的所述打印数据PMN由一系列pMN组 成。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的打印方法，其特征在于，所述阈值集SMg＇的取值范围是0.4～0.65之间的任何数值。
  12. 根据权利要求5所述的打印方法，其特征在于，所述层图像数据DM是16位制数据，其对应的所述数值集XMN在0～65535之间。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的打印方法，其特征在于，当所述打印数据PMN为1时使用第二打印材料进行打印。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的打印方法，其特征在于，所述第一打印材料是以下材料的一种：
    透明材料；
    白色材料；或者
    近似白色的材料。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的打印方法，其特征在于，所述第二打印材料是以下材料的一种：
    青色材料、品红色材料和黄色材料的组合；或者
    青色材料、品红色材料和黄色材料中的任两种组合。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的打印方法，其特征在于，所述第一打印材料和第二打印材料为以下材料的一种：
    光固化材料；或者
    温度固化材料。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的打印方法，其特征在于，所述步骤c中，每个所述逐层打印成果固化后再进行叠加。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的打印方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤c中，每个所述逐层打印成果较平后先进行固化，然后再叠加。
  19. 一种用于打印3D物体的系统，包括数据处理器、过程控制器和打印头，其特征在于：
    数据处理器将目标物体的层图像数据DM进行转换得到打印数据PMN，且将打印数据PMN中为0的数据进行补正得到补正打印数据PMN＇；
    过程控制器基于所述打印数据PMN和补正打印数据PMN＇控制打印头进行逐层打印叠加形成3D物体，其中，基于所述补正打印数据PMN＇ 使用第一打印材料进行打印，基于所述打印数据PMN使用第二打印材料进行打印。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括较平装置，其用于对每个所述逐层打印成果进行较平。
  21. 根据权利要求19或20中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括固化装置，用于对每个所述逐层打印成果进行固化。
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