WO2017021646A1 - Part for heat engine, heat engine comprising such a part, and method for producing such a part - Google Patents

Part for heat engine, heat engine comprising such a part, and method for producing such a part Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017021646A1
WO2017021646A1 PCT/FR2016/052002 FR2016052002W WO2017021646A1 WO 2017021646 A1 WO2017021646 A1 WO 2017021646A1 FR 2016052002 W FR2016052002 W FR 2016052002W WO 2017021646 A1 WO2017021646 A1 WO 2017021646A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
metal coating
heat engine
manufacturing
engine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2016/052002
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Emile Thomas Di Serio
Guillaume MALHERBE
Original Assignee
Saint Jean Industries
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Jean Industries filed Critical Saint Jean Industries
Publication of WO2017021646A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017021646A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Definitions

  • THERMAL MOTOR PIECE THERMAL MOTOR COMPRISING SUCH A PART
  • THERMAL MOTOR COMPRISING SUCH A PART AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A PART
  • the present invention relates to a heat engine part, in particular a crankcase (also called cylinder block), in particular closed tablature.
  • the engine part may be a cylinder head, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, a camshaft, a piston or a segment.
  • the invention also relates to a heat engine comprising at least one such piece, and a method of manufacturing such a piece.
  • the field of the invention is that of thermal engines, for example for motor vehicles, special machines, industrial or marine equipment.
  • the engine parts such as crankcases and cylinder heads are cast in one piece, using a foundry process.
  • these parts can advantageously be made of aluminum alloy.
  • the friction behavior of aluminum alloys is not always satisfactory.
  • tubular inserts in English
  • tubular inserts aim to ensure the following functions: guiding the pistons in the cylinders, thermal connection between the inside of the cylinders (focus of the explosion) and the rest of the casing, resistance to friction, good lubrication at the interface between the pistons and cylinders.
  • These inserts are for example made of cast iron or hyper-eutectic aluminum alloy (Si> 13%).
  • such inserts increase the cost of manufacture and the weight of the housing.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide engine parts that overcome the above disadvantages.
  • the invention relates to a heat engine part, characterized in that it comprises at least one housing without insert, and a metal coating applied by projection on a surface of the housing.
  • the coating projected in the housing advantageously replaces the insert, which allows a weight saving and improves the compactness of the engine part.
  • the invention also reduces the friction and / or the difference in thermal expansion at the interface between the coating and a movable member in the housing.
  • the invention also relates to a heat engine comprising at least one part as mentioned above.
  • the engine can equip a motor vehicle, a special machine, industrial equipment or marine.
  • the heat engine may comprise several parts as mentioned above, for example both a crankcase, a cylinder head and a connecting rod.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a heat engine part as mentioned above, comprising at least one housing without insert.
  • the method is characterized in that it comprises a step of projecting a metal coating on a surface of the housing.
  • the surface of the housing receiving the metal coating is cylindrical, and the metal coating has a machined cylindrical outer surface.
  • the surface of the housing receiving the metal coating is frustoconical.
  • the engine part is made of aluminum alloy, cast iron or steel.
  • the metal coating is made of alloy or metal matrix composite, added with hardening elements.
  • the hardening elements are chosen from the following: metals, alloys, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides or carbonitrides.
  • the metal coating has the basic element aluminum.
  • the metal coating has a homogeneous composition between its inner surface and its outer surface (unlike a coating comprising different layers of different compositions).
  • the engine part is a crankcase.
  • crankcase has a closed tablature configuration.
  • the engine part is a cylinder head, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, a camshaft, a piston or a segment.
  • the metal coating is projected as a powder on the surface of the housing.
  • the powder is projected at an angle selected between 45 and 90 ° relative to the axis of the housing.
  • the powder is projected at an angle selected between 55 and 85 ° relative to the axis of the housing.
  • the metal coating comprises metal particles.
  • the metal particles have a size of between 1 and 50 microns.
  • the metal coating is projected at a speed between 300 to 1800 meters per second.
  • the metal coating is projected in the solid state on the surface of the housing.
  • the method comprises a preliminary machining step of the housing surface.
  • the method comprises a finishing machining step of the metal coating applied to the surface of the housing.
  • the engine part comprises different housing, and the projection step is to simultaneously project a metal coating on the surface of the different housing.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a heat engine part according to the invention, of the type motor housing, comprising a plurality of coated housing;
  • Figure 2 is a section on the line II-II in Figure 1, showing one of the coated housing
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of detail III in Figure 2, showing the coated housing; and Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3, showing a housing receiving an insert, according to the prior art known.
  • FIG. 1 to 3 a heat engine part according to the invention, specifically a motor housing 1 of a motor vehicle.
  • the casing 1 comprises a central portion 2 including three cylindrical 10, designed to receive the pistons of the engine. These pistons are not shown for simplification purposes.
  • the casing 1 comprises a water chamber 3 which extends around the cylinders 10.
  • the water chamber 3 constitutes a cooling system of the cylinders 10.
  • the housing 1 comprises a tablature 4 for receiving the cylinder head, not shown for simplification purposes.
  • the casing 1 has a configuration closed tablature ("closed deck” in English). In this configuration, the water chamber 3 is mostly closed at the tablature 4.
  • the tablature 4 comprises covering portions 5 at which the water chamber 3 is not open (tablature and closed chamber) ) and openings 6 at which the water chamber 3 is open (tablature and open chamber).
  • This configuration closed tablature is different, on the one hand, an open tablature configuration, for which the water chamber is fully open at the tab and on the other hand , a configuration of semi closed closed tablature, for which the water chamber is mostly open at the tablature.
  • This closed tablature configuration exhibits poorer cooling performance, but reduces cylinder deformations when the engine is in use. Thus, such a closed tablature configuration is very well suited for high performance engines.
  • the casing 1 is made of aluminum alloy.
  • the crankcase 1 can be made of cast iron or steel.
  • the material of the casing 1 depends in particular on the intended application.
  • Each cylinder 10 has a cylindrical surface 12 centered on a central axis X10.
  • a metal coating 20 is formed by projecting against the surface 12 of the cylinder 10.
  • the coating 20 has a cylindrical inner surface 22 conforming to the surface 12 of the cylinder 10, and a cylindrical outer surface 24 intended to receive the movable piston in the cylinder 10.
  • the surface 24 has a diameter D20 centered on the axis X10, which depends on the diameter of the pistons and therefore the dimensions of the engine thermal.
  • the coating 20 has a thickness e20 defined radially to the axis X10.
  • the thickness e20 may be of the order of 500 micrometers.
  • the thickness e20 may be of the order of 50 micrometers to 2 millimeters, preferably 50 to 800 micrometers.
  • the coating 20 is made of alloy or metal matrix composite, added with hardening elements (metals, alloys, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, carbonitrides).
  • the coating 20 is applied over the entire height of the cylinder 10, in a direction parallel to the axis X10.
  • the coating 20 is applied only over part of the height of the cylinder 10.
  • the method of manufacturing the casing 1 comprises successive steps detailed below.
  • the method preferably comprises a preliminary machining step, also called peeling, of machining the surface 12 of each cylinder 10.
  • a preliminary machining step also called peeling
  • the method comprises a step of projecting the metal coating 20 on the surface 12 of the cylinder 10.
  • the coating 20 is projected at high speed in powder form, comprising metal particles (alloys of aluminum, copper, cobalt , nickel, molybdenum, quasi-crystals ).
  • this powder comprises a majority base element (for example aluminum) and hardening elements (metals, alloys, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, carbonitrides).
  • the base element of the coating 20 is aluminum.
  • composition of the powder is carefully chosen according to the intended application and the corresponding specifications.
  • the powder particles may have a size of the order of 1 to 50 micrometers, especially between 25 and 45 micrometers, and be projected at a speed of the order of 300 to 1800 meters per second (Mach 1, 2 or 3), especially between 500 and 1300 meters per second.
  • Such speeds can be achieved by spraying the powder with a supersonic gas stream, including for example air and / or helium.
  • the powder is sprayed cold ("cold spray" in English), that is to say in the solid state and not liquid.
  • Cold spraying makes it possible to preserve the thermo-physical properties of the projected materials, with a rate oxidation very low during the deposition of the coating 20, unlike a hot projection in which the change of solid-liquid state alters the properties of the projected materials.
  • the hot projection does not achieve a level of quality as high as with cold projection.
  • it is sprayed at a temperature of between 20 and 1300 ° C.
  • the coating 20 is perfectly adherent without delamination / delamination on the surface 12.
  • the method finally comprises a finishing machining step of the coating 20, to obtain the final surface 24 and diameter D20, with the desired dimensions.
  • this finishing machining consists of a bore made according to the usual range.
  • the projection step consists in simultaneously projecting a metal coating 20 on the surface 12 of the various cylinders 10.
  • the projection step consists in projecting the powder at an optimized angle, between 45 and 90 °, relative to the axis X10 of the cylinder 10.
  • the projection angle is equal to at 90 °.
  • the projection step consists in projecting the powder at a projection distance of 5 to 90 mm from the surface 12, depending on the dimensions of the surface 12 and the projected materials.
  • FIG. 4 shows a casing 1 comprising a cylinder 10 lined by an insert 30, according to the known state of the art.
  • the insert 30 is generally made of cast iron or hyper-eutectic aluminum alloy (Si> 13%).
  • the insert 30 is attached in the cylinder 10 and has a tubular shape, with a cylindrical inner surface 32 disposed against the surface 12 of the cylinder 10, and a cylindrical outer surface 34 provided to receive the movable piston in the cylinder 10.
  • the insert 30 has a thickness e30 defined between the surfaces 32 and 34, and a diameter D30 defined by the surface 34.
  • the diameters D20 and D30 are identical.
  • the coating 20 can be made with a thickness e20 less than the thickness e30 of the insert 30.
  • the thickness e20 may be of the order of 500 micrometers, while the thickness e30 is of the order of 3 millimeters. More generally, for a diameter D20 or D30 of between 60 and 100 millimeters, the thickness e20 may be between 50 and 800 micrometers, compared with a thickness e30 of between 2 and 4 millimeters.
  • the weight gain per cylinder 10 provided with a coating 20 is 94 to 99% with respect to a cylinder 10 provided with an insert 30 (made of cast iron or aluminum hypersilicon).
  • the intercylinder distance can be reduced from 35 to 80%.
  • the heat transfer coefficient between the surface 24 of the coating 20 and the aluminum casing 1 can be improved by 10 to 30%.
  • the heat flux between the surface 24 and the casing 1 is 5 to 20 times greater.
  • the projection of the coating 20 in the cylinder 10 thus makes it possible to eliminate the insert 30, while guaranteeing the function of guiding the piston in the cylinder 10.
  • the use of the coating 20 makes it possible to improve:
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 relate to a heat engine part 1 of the crankcase type. Nevertheless, the part 1 may be shaped differently from Figures 1 to 3 without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the part 1 may be different from a crankcase without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the part 1 may be a cylinder head, having housings 10 of the camshaft support type and / or valve seat.
  • the part 1 may be a connecting rod, having one or more housing 10 of the bore type, adapted to receive a shaft in pivot connection.
  • the connecting rod may comprise a first bore receiving a crankshaft, and a second bore receiving a shaft integral with a piston.
  • the part 1 can be a crankshaft, a camshaft, a piston or a segment.
  • the part 1 may comprise a housing 10 and a coating 20 having surfaces 12, 22, 24 non-cylindrical, for example frustoconical, or other.
  • the engine part 1 comprises at least one housing 10 without insert, and a metal coating 20 applied by projection on a surface 12 of the housing 10.
  • the engine part 1 can be adapted in terms of cost, functionality and performance.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a part (1) for a heat engine, characterised in that it comprises at least one housing (10) without an insert, and a metal coating (20) sprayed onto a surface (12) of the housing (10). The invention also relates to a heat engine comprising at least such a part (1), and to a method for producing such a part (1).

Description

PIECE DE MOTEUR THERMIQUE, MOTEUR THERMIQUE COMPRENANT UNE TELLE PIECE, ET PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UNE TELLE PIECE  THERMAL MOTOR PIECE, THERMAL MOTOR COMPRISING SUCH A PART, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A PART
La présente invention concerne une pièce de moteur thermique, en particulier un carter moteur (également appelé bloc-cylindres), notamment à tablature fermée. En alternative, la pièce de moteur thermique peut être une culasse, une bielle, un vilebrequin, un arbre à cames, un piston ou un segment. L'invention concerne également un moteur thermique comprenant au moins une telle pièce, ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication d'une telle pièce. The present invention relates to a heat engine part, in particular a crankcase (also called cylinder block), in particular closed tablature. Alternatively, the engine part may be a cylinder head, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, a camshaft, a piston or a segment. The invention also relates to a heat engine comprising at least one such piece, and a method of manufacturing such a piece.
Le domaine de l'invention est celui des moteurs thermiques, par exemple pour véhicules automobiles, machines spéciales, équipements industriels ou marins.  The field of the invention is that of thermal engines, for example for motor vehicles, special machines, industrial or marine equipment.
Classiquement, les pièces de moteur thermique telles que les carters et les culasses sont coulées en une seule pièce, en mettant en œuvre un procédé de fonderie. Afin de réduire leur coût de fabrication et leur poids, ces pièces peuvent avantageusement être réalisées en alliage d'aluminium. Toutefois, le comportement en frottement des alliages d'aluminium n'est pas toujours satisfaisant. Conventionally, the engine parts such as crankcases and cylinder heads are cast in one piece, using a foundry process. In order to reduce their manufacturing cost and their weight, these parts can advantageously be made of aluminum alloy. However, the friction behavior of aluminum alloys is not always satisfactory.
Pour des raisons de tenue thermomécanique et de résistance à la friction, il est ainsi connu d'agencer des inserts tubulaires (« liners » en Anglais) dans les cylindres d'un carter moteur en alliage d'aluminium, avant ou après la coulée. Ces inserts visent à assurer les fonctions suivantes : guidage des pistons dans les cylindres, liaison thermique entre l'intérieur des cylindres (foyer de l'explosion) et le reste du carter, résistance à la friction, bonne lubrification à l'interface entre les pistons et les cylindres. Ces inserts sont par exemple réalisés en fonte ou en alliage d'aluminium hyper-eutectique (Si > 13 %). Cependant, de tels inserts augmentent le coût de fabrication et le poids du carter.  For reasons of thermomechanical behavior and resistance to friction, it is thus known to arrange tubular inserts ("liners" in English) in the cylinders of an aluminum alloy crankcase, before or after casting. These inserts aim to ensure the following functions: guiding the pistons in the cylinders, thermal connection between the inside of the cylinders (focus of the explosion) and the rest of the casing, resistance to friction, good lubrication at the interface between the pistons and cylinders. These inserts are for example made of cast iron or hyper-eutectic aluminum alloy (Si> 13%). However, such inserts increase the cost of manufacture and the weight of the housing.
Dans un contexte de réduction de taille des moteurs (« downsizing » en Anglais), leur géométrie se complexifie et les caractéristiques thermomécaniques imposées par les cahiers des charges atteignent des niveaux importants. La conception de moteurs de plus petites cylindrées, et de puissances égales ou supérieures à la génération précédente, implique une réduction du poids de leurs pièces constitutives, mais également un important travail de compacité. In a context of downsizing, their geometry is becoming more complex and the thermomechanical characteristics imposed by the specifications are reaching important levels. The design of smaller engines, and powers equal to or greater than the previous generation, involves a reduction in the weight of their component parts, but also a significant work of compactness.
Parmi les principaux travaux en cours figure la réduction de l'espace intercylindres, c'est-à-dire l'espace entre deux cylindres voisins. Or, dans le cas des carters moteurs en alliage d'aluminium, l'épaisseur des inserts agencés dans les cylindres limite la réduction de l'espace inter-cylindres. Le but de la présente invention est de proposer des pièces de moteur thermique remédiant aux inconvénients ci-dessus. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une pièce de moteur thermique, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte au moins un logement dépourvu d'insert, et un revêtement métallique appliqué par projection sur une surface du logement. Among the main works in progress is the reduction of the intercylinder space, that is to say the space between two adjacent cylinders. However, in the case of aluminum alloy motor housings, the thickness of the inserts arranged in the cylinders limits the reduction of the inter-cylinder space. The object of the present invention is to provide engine parts that overcome the above disadvantages. To this end, the invention relates to a heat engine part, characterized in that it comprises at least one housing without insert, and a metal coating applied by projection on a surface of the housing.
Ainsi, le revêtement projeté dans le logement remplace avantageusement l'insert, ce qui permet un gain de poids et améliore la compacité de la pièce de moteur thermique. En fonction de l'application visée, l'invention permet également de diminuer les frottements et/ou la différence de dilatation thermique à l'interface entre le revêtement et un organe mobile dans le logement. L'invention a également pour objet un moteur thermique comprenant au moins une pièce telle que mentionnée ci-dessus. A titre d'exemples, le moteur thermique peut équiper un véhicule automobile, une machine spéciale, un équipement industriel ou marin. Dans certains cas, le moteur thermique peut comporter plusieurs pièces telles que mentionnée ci-dessus, par exemple à la fois un carter moteur, une culasse et une bielle. Thus, the coating projected in the housing advantageously replaces the insert, which allows a weight saving and improves the compactness of the engine part. Depending on the intended application, the invention also reduces the friction and / or the difference in thermal expansion at the interface between the coating and a movable member in the housing. The invention also relates to a heat engine comprising at least one part as mentioned above. As examples, the engine can equip a motor vehicle, a special machine, industrial equipment or marine. In some cases, the heat engine may comprise several parts as mentioned above, for example both a crankcase, a cylinder head and a connecting rod.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'une pièce de moteur thermique telle que mentionnée ci-dessus, comprenant au moins un logement dépourvu d'insert. Le procédé est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape de projection d'un revêtement métallique sur une surface du logement. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a heat engine part as mentioned above, comprising at least one housing without insert. The method is characterized in that it comprises a step of projecting a metal coating on a surface of the housing.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses de l'invention, prises isolément ou en combinaison : According to other advantageous features of the invention, taken separately or in combination:
- La surface du logement recevant le revêtement métallique est cylindrique, et le revêtement métallique a une surface externe cylindrique usinée.  - The surface of the housing receiving the metal coating is cylindrical, and the metal coating has a machined cylindrical outer surface.
- La surface du logement recevant le revêtement métallique est tronconique.  - The surface of the housing receiving the metal coating is frustoconical.
- La pièce de moteur thermique est en alliage d'aluminium, en fonte ou en acier. - The engine part is made of aluminum alloy, cast iron or steel.
- Le revêtement métallique est en alliage ou en composite à matrice métallique, additionné d'éléments durcissants. - The metal coating is made of alloy or metal matrix composite, added with hardening elements.
- Les éléments durcissants sont choisis parmi les suivants : métaux, alliages, oxydes, nitrures, borures, carbures ou carbonitrures.  The hardening elements are chosen from the following: metals, alloys, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides or carbonitrides.
- Le revêtement métallique a pour élément de base l'aluminium. - Le revêtement métallique a une composition homogène entre sa surface interne et sa surface externe (à la différence d'un revêtement comprenant différentes couches de compositions différentes). - The metal coating has the basic element aluminum. - The metal coating has a homogeneous composition between its inner surface and its outer surface (unlike a coating comprising different layers of different compositions).
- La pièce de moteur thermique est un carter moteur.  - The engine part is a crankcase.
- Le carter moteur présente une configuration à tablature fermée.  - The crankcase has a closed tablature configuration.
- La pièce de moteur thermique est une culasse, une bielle, un vilebrequin, un arbre à cames, un piston ou un segment.  - The engine part is a cylinder head, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, a camshaft, a piston or a segment.
- Le revêtement métallique est projeté sous forme de poudre sur la surface du logement.  - The metal coating is projected as a powder on the surface of the housing.
- La poudre est projetée selon un angle choisi entre 45 et 90° par rapport à l'axe du logement.  - The powder is projected at an angle selected between 45 and 90 ° relative to the axis of the housing.
- La poudre est projetée selon un angle choisi entre 55 et 85° par rapport à l'axe du logement.  - The powder is projected at an angle selected between 55 and 85 ° relative to the axis of the housing.
- Le revêtement métallique comprend des particules métalliques.  - The metal coating comprises metal particles.
- Les particules métalliques ont une taille comprise entre 1 et 50 micromètres. The metal particles have a size of between 1 and 50 microns.
- Le revêtement métallique est projeté à une vitesse comprise entre 300 à 1800 mètres par seconde. - The metal coating is projected at a speed between 300 to 1800 meters per second.
- Le revêtement métallique est projeté à l'état solide sur la surface du logement. - The metal coating is projected in the solid state on the surface of the housing.
- Avant l'étape de projection, le procédé comprend une étape d'usinage préliminaire de la surface du logement. - Before the projection step, the method comprises a preliminary machining step of the housing surface.
- Après l'étape de projection, le procédé comprend une étape d'usinage de finition du revêtement métallique appliqué sur la surface du logement.  After the projection step, the method comprises a finishing machining step of the metal coating applied to the surface of the housing.
- La pièce de moteur thermique comprend différents logements, et l'étape de projection consiste à projeter simultanément un revêtement métallique sur la surface des différents logements.  - The engine part comprises different housing, and the projection step is to simultaneously project a metal coating on the surface of the different housing.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif et faite en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue en élévation d'une pièce de moteur thermique conforme à l'invention, du type carter moteur, comprenant plusieurs logements revêtus ;  - Figure 1 is an elevational view of a heat engine part according to the invention, of the type motor housing, comprising a plurality of coated housing;
la figure 2 est une coupe selon la ligne ll-ll à la figure 1 , montrant l'un des logements revêtus ;  Figure 2 is a section on the line II-II in Figure 1, showing one of the coated housing;
la figure 3 est une vue à plus grande échelle du détail III à la figure 2, montrant le logement revêtu ; et la figure 4 est une vue analogue à la figure 3, montrant un logement recevant un insert, conformément à l'état de la technique connu. Figure 3 is an enlarged view of detail III in Figure 2, showing the coated housing; and Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3, showing a housing receiving an insert, according to the prior art known.
Sur les figures 1 à 3 est représentée une pièce de moteur thermique conforme à l'invention, plus précisément un carter moteur 1 de véhicule automobile. In Figures 1 to 3 is shown a heat engine part according to the invention, specifically a motor housing 1 of a motor vehicle.
Le carter 1 comprend une partie centrale 2 incluant trois cylindriques 10, prévus pour recevoir les pistons du moteur. Ces pistons ne sont pas représentés dans un but de simplification.  The casing 1 comprises a central portion 2 including three cylindrical 10, designed to receive the pistons of the engine. These pistons are not shown for simplification purposes.
Le carter 1 comprend une chambre d'eau 3 qui s'étend autour des cylindres 10. La chambre d'eau 3 constitue un système de refroidissement des cylindres 10.  The casing 1 comprises a water chamber 3 which extends around the cylinders 10. The water chamber 3 constitutes a cooling system of the cylinders 10.
Le carter 1 comprend une tablature 4 destinée à recevoir la culasse, non représentée dans un but de simplification. Le carter 1 présente une configuration à tablature fermée (« closed deck » en anglais). Dans cette configuration, la chambre d'eau 3 est majoritairement fermée au niveau de la tablature 4. En pratique, la tablature 4 comprend des parties couvrantes 5 au niveau desquelles la chambre d'eau 3 n'est pas débouchante (tablature et chambre fermées) et des ouvertures 6 au niveau desquels la chambre d'eau 3 est débouchante (tablature et chambre ouvertes).  The housing 1 comprises a tablature 4 for receiving the cylinder head, not shown for simplification purposes. The casing 1 has a configuration closed tablature ("closed deck" in English). In this configuration, the water chamber 3 is mostly closed at the tablature 4. In practice, the tablature 4 comprises covering portions 5 at which the water chamber 3 is not open (tablature and closed chamber) ) and openings 6 at which the water chamber 3 is open (tablature and open chamber).
Cette configuration à tablature fermée (closed deck) est différente, d'une part, d'une configuration à tablature ouverte (open deck), pour laquelle la chambre d'eau est entièrement débouchante au niveau de la tablature et, d'autre part, d'une configuration à tablature semi fermée (semi closed deck), pour laquelle la chambre d'eau est majoritairement débouchante au niveau de la tablature.  This configuration closed tablature is different, on the one hand, an open tablature configuration, for which the water chamber is fully open at the tab and on the other hand , a configuration of semi closed closed tablature, for which the water chamber is mostly open at the tablature.
Cette configuration à tablature fermée présente de moins bonnes performances de refroidissement, mais réduit les déformations des cylindres 10 lorsque le moteur est en service. Ainsi, une telle configuration à tablature fermée est très bien adaptée pour les moteurs hautes performances.  This closed tablature configuration exhibits poorer cooling performance, but reduces cylinder deformations when the engine is in use. Thus, such a closed tablature configuration is very well suited for high performance engines.
De préférence, le carter 1 est réalisé en alliage d'aluminium. En alternative, le carter moteur 1 peut être réalisé en fonte ou en acier. Le matériau du carter 1 dépend notamment de l'application visée.  Preferably, the casing 1 is made of aluminum alloy. Alternatively, the crankcase 1 can be made of cast iron or steel. The material of the casing 1 depends in particular on the intended application.
Chaque cylindre 10 comporte une surface cylindrique 12 centrée sur un axe central X10. Un revêtement métallique 20 est formé par projection contre la surface 12 du cylindre 10. Le revêtement 20 présente une surface interne cylindrique 22 épousant la surface 12 du cylindre 10, et une surface externe cylindrique 24 prévue pour recevoir le piston mobile dans le cylindre 10. La surface 24 présente un diamètre D20 centré sur l'axe X10, qui dépend du diamètre des pistons et donc des dimensions du moteur thermique. Entre les surfaces 22 et 24, le revêtement 20 présente une épaisseur e20 définie radialement à l'axe X10. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, pour un diamètre D20 de 80 millimètres, l'épaisseur e20 peut être de l'ordre de 500 micromètres. En alternative, l'épaisseur e20 peut être de l'ordre de 50 micromètres à 2 millimètres, de préférence de 50 à 800 micromètres. Each cylinder 10 has a cylindrical surface 12 centered on a central axis X10. A metal coating 20 is formed by projecting against the surface 12 of the cylinder 10. The coating 20 has a cylindrical inner surface 22 conforming to the surface 12 of the cylinder 10, and a cylindrical outer surface 24 intended to receive the movable piston in the cylinder 10. The surface 24 has a diameter D20 centered on the axis X10, which depends on the diameter of the pistons and therefore the dimensions of the engine thermal. Between the surfaces 22 and 24, the coating 20 has a thickness e20 defined radially to the axis X10. By way of non-limiting example, for a diameter D20 of 80 millimeters, the thickness e20 may be of the order of 500 micrometers. Alternatively, the thickness e20 may be of the order of 50 micrometers to 2 millimeters, preferably 50 to 800 micrometers.
Le revêtement 20 est en alliage ou en composite à matrice métallique, additionné d'éléments durcissants (métaux, alliages, oxydes, nitrures, borures, carbures, carbonitrures).  The coating 20 is made of alloy or metal matrix composite, added with hardening elements (metals, alloys, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, carbonitrides).
De préférence, le revêtement 20 est appliqué sur toute la hauteur du cylindre 10, suivant une direction parallèle à l'axe X10. En alternative, le revêtement 20 est appliqué seulement sur une partie de la hauteur du cylindre 10.  Preferably, the coating 20 is applied over the entire height of the cylinder 10, in a direction parallel to the axis X10. Alternatively, the coating 20 is applied only over part of the height of the cylinder 10.
Selon l'invention, le procédé de fabrication du carter 1 comprend des étapes successives détaillées ci-après. According to the invention, the method of manufacturing the casing 1 comprises successive steps detailed below.
Le procédé comprend de préférence une étape d'usinage préliminaire, également appelée écroûtage, consistant à usiner la surface 12 de chaque cylindre 10. Ainsi, le revêtement 20 formé par projection présentera des dimensions plus proches des dimensions finales souhaitées.  The method preferably comprises a preliminary machining step, also called peeling, of machining the surface 12 of each cylinder 10. Thus, the projection-formed coating 20 will have dimensions closer to the desired final dimensions.
Le procédé comprend une étape de projection du revêtement métallique 20 sur la surface 12 du cylindre 10. De préférence, le revêtement 20 est projeté à grande vitesse sous forme de poudre, comprenant des particules métalliques (alliages d'aluminium, de cuivre, de cobalt, de nickel, de molybdène, de quasi-cristaux ...). Encore de préférence, cette poudre comprend un élément de base majoritaire (par exemple l'aluminium) et des éléments durcissants (métaux, alliages, oxydes, nitrures, borures, carbures, carbonitrures). Encore de préférence, l'élément de base du revêtement 20 est l'aluminium.  The method comprises a step of projecting the metal coating 20 on the surface 12 of the cylinder 10. Preferably, the coating 20 is projected at high speed in powder form, comprising metal particles (alloys of aluminum, copper, cobalt , nickel, molybdenum, quasi-crystals ...). More preferably, this powder comprises a majority base element (for example aluminum) and hardening elements (metals, alloys, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, carbonitrides). Still more preferably, the base element of the coating 20 is aluminum.
La composition de la poudre est minutieusement choisie en fonction de l'application visée et du cahier des charges correspondant.  The composition of the powder is carefully chosen according to the intended application and the corresponding specifications.
A titre d'exemple, les particules de poudre peuvent avoir une taille de l'ordre de 1 à 50 micromètres, notamment entre 25 et 45 micromètres, et être projetées à une vitesse de l'ordre de 300 à 1800 mètres par seconde (Mach 1 , 2 ou 3), notamment entre 500 et 1300 mètres par seconde. De telles vitesses peuvent être atteintes en projetant la poudre avec un flux gazeux supersonique, comprenant par exemple de l'air et/ou de l'hélium.  By way of example, the powder particles may have a size of the order of 1 to 50 micrometers, especially between 25 and 45 micrometers, and be projected at a speed of the order of 300 to 1800 meters per second (Mach 1, 2 or 3), especially between 500 and 1300 meters per second. Such speeds can be achieved by spraying the powder with a supersonic gas stream, including for example air and / or helium.
De préférence également, la poudre est projetée à froid (« cold spray » en anglais), c'est-à-dire à l'état solide et non liquide. La projection à froid permet de conserver les propriétés thermo-physiques des matériaux projetés, avec un taux d'oxydation très faible durant la déposition du revêtement 20, contrairement à une projection à chaud lors de laquelle le changement d'état solide - liquide altère les propriétés des matériaux projetés. Ainsi, la projection à chaud ne permet pas d'atteindre un niveau de qualité aussi élevé qu'avec la projection à froid. En fonction des matériaux constitutifs de la poudre, celle-ci est projetée à froid à une température comprise entre 20 et 1300 °C. Also preferably, the powder is sprayed cold ("cold spray" in English), that is to say in the solid state and not liquid. Cold spraying makes it possible to preserve the thermo-physical properties of the projected materials, with a rate oxidation very low during the deposition of the coating 20, unlike a hot projection in which the change of solid-liquid state alters the properties of the projected materials. Thus, the hot projection does not achieve a level of quality as high as with cold projection. Depending on the constituent materials of the powder, it is sprayed at a temperature of between 20 and 1300 ° C.
Grâce à la petite taille des particules et leur projection à froid à une vitesse supersonique, le revêtement 20 est parfaitement adhérent sans délamination/décollement sur la surface 12.  Due to the small size of the particles and their cold spraying at a supersonic speed, the coating 20 is perfectly adherent without delamination / delamination on the surface 12.
Le procédé comprend enfin une étape d'usinage de finition du revêtement 20, permettant d'obtenir la surface 24 et le diamètre D20 finals, avec les cotes souhaitées. Avantageusement, cet usinage de finition consiste en un alésage réalisé suivant la gamme habituelle. A ce stade, le cylindre 10 pourvu du revêtement 20 est prêt à recevoir le piston.  The method finally comprises a finishing machining step of the coating 20, to obtain the final surface 24 and diameter D20, with the desired dimensions. Advantageously, this finishing machining consists of a bore made according to the usual range. At this stage, the cylinder 10 provided with the coating 20 is ready to receive the piston.
Lorsque le procédé ne comprend pas d'écroûtage de la surface 12, plus de matière doit être enlevée lors de l'usinage de finition pour obtenir les cotes souhaitées. Comme le coût de la matière utilisée pour le revêtement 20 est supérieur au coût de la matière utilisée pour couler le carter 1 , il est donc plus avantageux de réaliser un écroûtage avant de projeter le revêtement 20 dans le cylindre 10.  When the process does not include peeling of the surface 12, more material must be removed during the finishing machining to obtain the desired dimensions. Since the cost of the material used for the coating 20 is greater than the cost of the material used to cast the casing 1, it is therefore more advantageous to perform peeling before the coating 20 is projected into the cylinder 10.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, l'étape de projection consiste à projeter simultanément un revêtement métallique 20 sur la surface 12 des différents cylindres 10. According to a particular embodiment, the projection step consists in simultaneously projecting a metal coating 20 on the surface 12 of the various cylinders 10.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation particulier, l'étape de projection consiste à projeter la poudre selon un angle optimisé, compris entre 45 et 90°, par rapport à l'axe X10 du cylindre 10. Généralement, l'angle de projection est égal à 90°. En alternative, il peut être avantageuse de choisir un angle de projection entre 55 et 85°.  According to another particular embodiment, the projection step consists in projecting the powder at an optimized angle, between 45 and 90 °, relative to the axis X10 of the cylinder 10. Generally, the projection angle is equal to at 90 °. Alternatively, it may be advantageous to choose a projection angle between 55 and 85 °.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation particulier, l'étape de projection consiste à projeter la poudre à une distance de projection de 5 à 90 mm de la surface 12, en fonction des dimensions de la surface 12 et des matériaux projetés.  According to another particular embodiment, the projection step consists in projecting the powder at a projection distance of 5 to 90 mm from the surface 12, depending on the dimensions of the surface 12 and the projected materials.
A ce stade, on remarque que le choix d'un carter 1 à tablature fermée et d'une projection de revêtement 20 à froid dans les cylindres 10 est très avantageux pour fabriquer un moteur hautes performances (vitesse de rotation élevée / température de fonctionnement élevée). La figure 4 montre un carter 1 comportant un cylindre 10 chemisé par un insert 30, conformément à l'état de la technique connu. L'insert 30 est généralement en fonte ou en alliage d'aluminium hyper-eutectique (Si > 13 %). At this stage, it will be noted that the choice of a closed tablecover casing 1 and a cold coating projection 10 in the cylinders 10 is very advantageous for manufacturing a high performance motor (high rotation speed / high operating temperature). ). FIG. 4 shows a casing 1 comprising a cylinder 10 lined by an insert 30, according to the known state of the art. The insert 30 is generally made of cast iron or hyper-eutectic aluminum alloy (Si> 13%).
L'insert 30 est rapporté dans le cylindre 10 et présente une forme tubulaire, avec une surface interne cylindrique 32 disposée contre la surface 12 du cylindre 10, et une surface externe cylindrique 34 prévue pour recevoir le piston mobile dans le cylindre 10. L'insert 30 présente une épaisseur e30 défini entre les surfaces 32 et 34, et un diamètre D30 défini par la surface 34. Sur les figures 3 et 4, les diamètres D20 et D30 sont identiques. En revanche, grâce à la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention, le revêtement 20 peut être réalisé avec une épaisseur e20 inférieure à l'épaisseur e30 de l'insert 30.  The insert 30 is attached in the cylinder 10 and has a tubular shape, with a cylindrical inner surface 32 disposed against the surface 12 of the cylinder 10, and a cylindrical outer surface 34 provided to receive the movable piston in the cylinder 10. The insert 30 has a thickness e30 defined between the surfaces 32 and 34, and a diameter D30 defined by the surface 34. In Figures 3 and 4, the diameters D20 and D30 are identical. On the other hand, thanks to the implementation of the method according to the invention, the coating 20 can be made with a thickness e20 less than the thickness e30 of the insert 30.
A titre d'exemple non limitatif, pour un diamètre D20 ou D30 de 80 millimètres, l'épaisseur e20 peut être de l'ordre de 500 micromètres, tandis que l'épaisseur e30 est de l'ordre de 3 millimètres. Plus généralement, pour un diamètre D20 ou D30 compris entre 60 et 100 millimètres, l'épaisseur e20 peut être comprise entre 50 et 800 micromètres, en comparaison avec une épaisseur e30 comprise entre 2 et 4 millimètres.  By way of nonlimiting example, for a diameter D20 or D30 of 80 millimeters, the thickness e20 may be of the order of 500 micrometers, while the thickness e30 is of the order of 3 millimeters. More generally, for a diameter D20 or D30 of between 60 and 100 millimeters, the thickness e20 may be between 50 and 800 micrometers, compared with a thickness e30 of between 2 and 4 millimeters.
Ainsi, pour une même épaisseur de carter 1 de part et d'autre du cylindre 10, il est possible de réaliser un carter 1 plus compact avec le revêtement 20 qu'avec l'insert 30. Par conséquent, l'utilisation du revêtement 20 en remplacement de l'insert 30 permet un gain de poids et une diminution de l'espace intercylindres. Thus, for the same housing thickness 1 on either side of the cylinder 10, it is possible to make a casing 1 more compact with the coating 20 than with the insert 30. Therefore, the use of the coating 20 replacing the insert 30 allows a weight saving and a decrease of the intercylinder space.
Plus précisément, le gain de poids par cylindre 10 muni d'un revêtement 20 est de 94 à 99% par rapport à un cylindre 10 muni d'un insert 30 (en fonte ou aluminium hypersilicié). De plus, la distance intercylindres peut être réduite de 35 à 80%.  Specifically, the weight gain per cylinder 10 provided with a coating 20 is 94 to 99% with respect to a cylinder 10 provided with an insert 30 (made of cast iron or aluminum hypersilicon). In addition, the intercylinder distance can be reduced from 35 to 80%.
Entre outre, le coefficient de transfert thermique entre la surface 24 du revêtement 20 et le carter 1 en aluminium peut être amélioré de 10 à 30%. Ainsi, le flux thermique entre la surface 24 et le carter 1 est 5 à 20 fois supérieur. En pratique, la projection du revêtement 20 dans le cylindre 10 permet donc de supprimer l'insert 30, tout en garantissant la fonction de guidage du piston dans le cylindre 10.  Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficient between the surface 24 of the coating 20 and the aluminum casing 1 can be improved by 10 to 30%. Thus, the heat flux between the surface 24 and the casing 1 is 5 to 20 times greater. In practice, the projection of the coating 20 in the cylinder 10 thus makes it possible to eliminate the insert 30, while guaranteeing the function of guiding the piston in the cylinder 10.
Egalement, l'utilisation du revêtement 20 permet d'améliorer :  Also, the use of the coating 20 makes it possible to improve:
le pouvoir lubrifiant (réduction des pertes par frottement) à l'interface entre le cylindre 10 et le piston ; les flux thermiques entre le cylindre 10 et le reste du carter 1 , et donc l'homogénéité thermique de l'ensemble du moteur ; the lubricating power (reduction of friction losses) at the interface between the cylinder 10 and the piston; heat flows between the cylinder 10 and the remainder of the casing 1, and therefore the thermal homogeneity of the entire engine;
la fiabilité mécanique et thermique du carter 1 ;  the mechanical and thermal reliability of the casing 1;
la compacité du carter 1 , notamment en diminuant les dimensions des espaces intercylindres ;  the compactness of the casing 1, in particular by reducing the dimensions of the intercylinder spaces;
le poids du carter 1 ;  the weight of the casing 1;
et donc le rendement moteur, grâce aux différentes améliorations susmentionnées. L'exemple décrit ci-dessus en référence aux figures 1 à 3 concerne une pièce de moteur thermique 1 du type carter moteur. Néanmoins, la pièce 1 peut être conformée différemment des figures 1 à 3 sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. En particulier, la pièce 1 peut être différente d'un carter moteur sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.  and therefore the engine efficiency, thanks to the various improvements mentioned above. The example described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 relates to a heat engine part 1 of the crankcase type. Nevertheless, the part 1 may be shaped differently from Figures 1 to 3 without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the part 1 may be different from a crankcase without departing from the scope of the invention.
En variante, la pièce 1 peut être une culasse, comportant des logements 10 du type support d'arbre à came et/ou siège de soupape.  Alternatively, the part 1 may be a cylinder head, having housings 10 of the camshaft support type and / or valve seat.
Selon une autre variante non représentée, la pièce 1 peut être une bielle, comportant un ou plusieurs logements 10 du type alésage, prévu pour recevoir un arbre en liaison pivot. Par exemple, la bielle peut comporter un premier alésage recevant un vilebrequin, et un second alésage recevant un arbre solidaire d'un piston.  According to another variant not shown, the part 1 may be a connecting rod, having one or more housing 10 of the bore type, adapted to receive a shaft in pivot connection. For example, the connecting rod may comprise a first bore receiving a crankshaft, and a second bore receiving a shaft integral with a piston.
Selon une autre variante non représentée, la pièce 1 peut être un vilebrequin, un arbre à cames, un piston ou un segment.  According to another variant not shown, the part 1 can be a crankshaft, a camshaft, a piston or a segment.
Selon une autre variante non représentée, la pièce 1 peut comporter un logement 10 et un revêtement 20 ayant des surfaces 12, 22, 24 non-cylindriques, par exemple tronconiques, ou autres.  According to another variant not shown, the part 1 may comprise a housing 10 and a coating 20 having surfaces 12, 22, 24 non-cylindrical, for example frustoconical, or other.
Quel que soit le mode de réalisation, la pièce de moteur thermique 1 comporte au moins un logement 10 dépourvu d'insert, et un revêtement métallique 20 appliqué par projection sur une surface 12 du logement 10. Whatever the embodiment, the engine part 1 comprises at least one housing 10 without insert, and a metal coating 20 applied by projection on a surface 12 of the housing 10.
En outre, les caractéristiques techniques des différents modes de réalisation et variantes mentionnés ci-dessus peuvent être, en totalité ou pour certaines d'entre elles, combinées entre elles. Ainsi, la pièce de moteur thermique 1 peut être adaptée en termes de coût, de fonctionnalités et de performance. In addition, the technical characteristics of the various embodiments and variants mentioned above may be, in whole or in part, combined with one another. Thus, the engine part 1 can be adapted in terms of cost, functionality and performance.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
Pièce (1 ) de moteur thermique, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte : Part (1) for a heat engine, characterized in that it comprises:
- au moins un logement (10) dépourvu d'insert, et  at least one housing (10) devoid of insert, and
- un revêtement métallique (20) appliqué par projection sur une surface (12) du logement (10).  - a metal coating (20) applied by projection on a surface (12) of the housing (10).
Pièce (1 ) de moteur thermique selon la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que la surface (12) du logement (10) recevant le revêtement métallique (20) est cylindrique, et le revêtement métallique (12) a une surface externe (24) cylindrique usinée. Heat engine part (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the surface (12) of the housing (10) receiving the metal coating (20) is cylindrical, and the metal coating (12) has an outer surface (24) machined cylindrical.
Pièce (1 ) de moteur thermique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la pièce (1 ) est en alliage d'aluminium. Part (1) of the engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the part (1) is made of aluminum alloy.
Pièce (1 ) de moteur thermique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement métallique (20) est en alliage ou composite à matrice métallique, additionné d'éléments durcissants. Part (1) for a heat engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal coating (20) is made of alloy or composite metal matrix, added with hardening elements.
Pièce (1 ) de moteur thermique selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les éléments durcissants sont choisis parmi les suivants : métaux, alliages, oxydes, nitrures, borures, carbures ou carbonitrures. Part (1) of the engine according to claim 4, characterized in that the hardening elements are chosen from the following: metals, alloys, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides or carbonitrides.
Pièce (1 ) de moteur thermique selon l'une des revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement métallique (20) a pour élément de base l'aluminium. Part (1) for a heat engine according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the metal coating (20) has as a base element aluminum.
Pièce (1 ) de moteur thermique selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement métallique (20) a une composition homogène entre sa surface interne (22) et sa surface externe (24). Part (1) for a heat engine according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the metal coating (20) has a homogeneous composition between its inner surface (22) and its outer surface (24).
Pièce (1 ) de moteur thermique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la pièce (1 ) est un carter moteur. Part (1) for a heat engine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the part (1) is a crankcase.
Pièce (1 ) de moteur thermique selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que le carter moteur présente une configuration à tablature fermée. Part (1) of the engine according to claim 8, characterized in that the crankcase has a closed tablature configuration.
10. Pièce (1 ) de moteur thermique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la pièce (1 ) est une culasse, une bielle, un vilebrequin, un arbre à cames, un piston ou un segment. 1 1 . Moteur thermique, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une pièce (1 ) de moteur thermique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10. 10. Part (1) of the engine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the part (1) is a cylinder head, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, a camshaft, a piston or a segment. 1 1. Thermal engine, characterized in that it comprises at least one engine part (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10.
12. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce (1 ) de moteur thermique, comportant au moins un logement (10) dépourvu d'insert, caractérisé en ce que le procédé comprend une étape de projection d'un revêtement métallique (20) sur une surface (12) du logement (10). 12. A method of manufacturing a part (1) of a heat engine, comprising at least one housing (10) without insert, characterized in that the method comprises a step of projecting a metal coating (20) on a surface (12) of the housing (10).
13. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement métallique (20) est projeté sous forme de poudre sur la surface (12) du logement (10). 13. The manufacturing method according to claim 12, characterized in that the metal coating (20) is projected in the form of powder on the surface (12) of the housing (10).
14. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la poudre est projetée selon un angle choisi entre 55 et 85° par rapport à l'axe (X10) du logement (10). 14. The manufacturing method according to claim 13, characterized in that the powder is projected at an angle selected between 55 and 85 ° with respect to the axis (X10) of the housing (10).
15. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications 12 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement métallique (20) est projeté à l'état solide sur la surface (12) du logement (10). 16. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications 12 à 15, caractérisé en ce qu'avant l'étape de projection, le procédé comprend une étape d'usinage préliminaire de la surface (12) du logement (10). 15. Manufacturing method according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the metal coating (20) is projected in the solid state on the surface (12) of the housing (10). 16. The manufacturing method according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that before the projection step, the method comprises a preliminary step of machining the surface (12) of the housing (10).
17. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications 12 à 16, caractérisé en ce qu'après l'étape de projection, le procédé comprend une étape d'usinage de finition du revêtement métallique (20) appliqué sur la surface (12) du logement (10). Manufacturing method according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that after the projecting step, the method comprises a finishing machining step of the metal coating (20) applied to the surface (12). housing (10).
18. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications 12 à 17, caractérisé en ce que la pièce (1 ) de moteur thermique comprend différents logements (10), et en ce que l'étape de projection consiste à projeter simultanément un revêtement métallique (20) sur la surface (12) des différents logements (10). 18. Manufacturing method according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the part (1) of the engine comprises different housings (10), and in that the projection step is to simultaneously project a metal coating (20) on the surface (12) of the different housing (10).
PCT/FR2016/052002 2015-08-03 2016-08-02 Part for heat engine, heat engine comprising such a part, and method for producing such a part WO2017021646A1 (en)

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FR1557496 2015-08-03

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