WO2017020655A1 - 一种用于启动重整制氢装置的启动系统 - Google Patents

一种用于启动重整制氢装置的启动系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017020655A1
WO2017020655A1 PCT/CN2016/085781 CN2016085781W WO2017020655A1 WO 2017020655 A1 WO2017020655 A1 WO 2017020655A1 CN 2016085781 W CN2016085781 W CN 2016085781W WO 2017020655 A1 WO2017020655 A1 WO 2017020655A1
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Prior art keywords
hydrogen production
starting
methanol water
cover body
flame
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PCT/CN2016/085781
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
向华
李文霞
马进
蔡荣
雷建林
杨伟涛
梁万广
马永锋
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广东合即得能源科技有限公司
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Priority to CA2958506A priority Critical patent/CA2958506C/en
Publication of WO2017020655A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017020655A1/zh
Priority to US15/446,000 priority patent/US10105676B2/en

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    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
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    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
    • C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
    • C01B3/16—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
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    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00115—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles
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    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00193—Sensing a parameter
    • B01J2219/00195—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system
    • B01J2219/00202—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system at the reactor outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J2219/00211—Control algorithm comparing a sensed parameter with a pre-set value
    • B01J2219/00213—Fixed parameter value
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    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00222—Control algorithm taking actions
    • B01J2219/00225—Control algorithm taking actions stopping the system or generating an alarm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
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    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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    • C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
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    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
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    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
    • C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1217—Alcohols
    • C01B2203/1223—Methanol
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    • C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
    • C01B2203/1628—Controlling the pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of methanol water reforming hydrogen production equipment, and more particularly to a starting system for starting a reforming hydrogen production unit.
  • Hydrogen is one of the most ideal energy sources in the 21st century. When burning the same weight of coal, gasoline and hydrogen, hydrogen produces the most energy, and its combustion products are water, no ash and waste gas. It does not pollute the environment; while coal and oil combustion mainly produces 0 0 2 and 50 2 , which can produce greenhouse effect and acid rain, respectively. The reserves of coal and oil are limited, and hydrogen is mainly stored in water. The only product after combustion is water, which can continuously produce hydrogen and never run out. Hydrogen is widely distributed, and water is the large "warehouse" of hydrogen, which contains 11 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 of hydrogen. About 1.5% of the hydrogen in the soil; hydrogen, coal, natural gas, animals and plants, etc. contain hydrogen.
  • the main body of hydrogen exists in the form of compound water, and about 70% of the earth's surface is covered by water, and the amount of water stored is large. Therefore, hydrogen can be said to be an "inexhaustible and inexhaustible" source of energy. If hydrogen can be produced in a suitable way, then hydrogen will also be a relatively inexpensive energy source.
  • a mixed gas of 1 2 and 0 2 is prepared by a methanol steam reforming technique, and then separated by a palladium membrane separator to obtain 11 2 and (: 0 2 , respectively .
  • this patent discloses a methanol water hydrogen production system, a reforming chamber of methanol and steam reformer, at a pressure of l-5M Pa at a temperature of 350-409 ° C Under the condition of the catalyst, under the action of the catalyst, the methanol cracking reaction and the carbon monoxide shift reaction are carried out to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide, which is a multi-component, multi-reaction gas-solid catalytic reaction system.
  • reaction equation is as follows: (l) CH 3 OH ⁇ CO+2H 2 ; (2)H 2 0+CO ⁇ C0 2 +H 2 ; (3)CH 3 OH+H 2 0 ⁇ CO 2 +3H 2 , reforming reaction generated!1 2 and 03 2 , H 2 CO 2 is separated by a palladium membrane separator in a separation chamber to obtain high purity hydrogen.
  • the catalytic reaction of methanol water is completed in a reforming hydrogen production unit of a methanol water hydrogen production unit, and the reforming hydrogen production unit includes a reformer housing and a combustion chamber and a reforming chamber located in the reforming hydrogen production unit housing.
  • a temperature of 350-409 ° C is required in the reforming chamber, and a temperature of 405-570 ° C is required in the combustion chamber, and the reforming hydrogen production unit can work normally.
  • the startup of the reforming hydrogen production unit is completed by the starting device.
  • the cold start It usually takes a long time, usually more than 5 hours, and the hot start requires a lot of energy to make the reforming room and other devices at a high temperature.
  • the invention patent discloses a reformer for a methanol water hydrogen production system.
  • One end of the reformer is equipped with a starting device, the starting device includes a cup holder, and the cup holder is provided with a raw material input pipe, a heating gasification pipe, and an ignition device.
  • the raw material input pipe is connected to the heating gasification pipe, and the raw material is output from the end of the heating gasification pipe after entering the heating gasification pipe through the raw material input pipe; the position of the ignition device and the heating gas Corresponding to the end of the chemical pipeline, for igniting the raw material outputted in the heating gasification pipeline, the raw material is ignited by the ignition device, and the heated gasification pipeline can be heated to vaporize the raw material in the heating gasification pipeline. And quickly increase the burning intensity, and then the degree of heating of the reformer.
  • the starter typically activates the reformer (ie, the reforming hydrogen plant) within 5 minutes, eliminating the need for an electric heating unit.
  • the starting device also has the following drawbacks: First, the ignition success rate of the ignition device is difficult to guarantee, since the methanol water raw material is output from the end of the heating gasification pipe, usually in the form of dripping, during the dropping process, methanol Water often fails to contact the ignition device and often fails to ignite and needs to be re-ignited. Second, because the diameter of the cup holder is small, and the cup holder cannot open the vent hole, the methanol water burning area of the starting device is small and the flame is not large enough; 3. The methanol water in the heated gasification pipeline is still difficult to gasify at a relatively high flow rate. Therefore, only the methanol water raw material with a lower flow rate can be supplied to the starter device, further affecting the combustion intensity of the methanol water feedstock, and increasing The starter of the reformer.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a starting device capable of quickly starting a reforming hydrogen production apparatus with a high ignition success rate, a methanol water combustion area, and a large combustion flame in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a starting system for starting a reforming hydrogen production device, the reforming hydrogen production device and the starting system using methanol water as a raw material, including a liquid inlet riser a flame plate, an upper cover body and an igniter, wherein the flame plate and the upper cover body are disposed on the liquid inlet riser from bottom to top; the middle portion of the upper cover body is provided with a small hole communicating with the liquid inlet riser, methanol
  • the water raw material can flow upward from the liquid inlet riser to the small hole, emerge from the small hole, and spread along the upper side of the upper cover body until it flows into the fire.
  • a flame disk the ignition position of the igniter corresponds to an upper side of the upper cover.
  • a lower cover body is further disposed between the flame disk and the upper cover body, and the lower cover body is mounted on the liquid inlet riser, and the lower cover body prevents the methanol water material in the flame disk from splashing outward Shoot.
  • the outer circumference of the flame disk is provided with a plurality of vent holes arranged evenly so that outside air enters the flame disk and the reforming hydrogen generator through the vent holes. Further, the vent hole of the flame disk is a spiral vent hole.
  • the air inlet device is disposed below the flame tray, and the air inlet device includes an air inlet passage and a blower, and the air blower fan sends the outside air into the air inlet passage, and then enters the flame tray and the reforming hydrogen production device. Inside.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the flame disk and the upper cover body of the present invention are disposed on the liquid inlet riser from bottom to top; the middle portion of the upper cover body is provided with a small hole communicating with the liquid inlet riser, methanol water
  • the raw material can flow upward from the liquid inlet riser to the small hole, emerge from the small hole, and spread along the upper side of the upper cover body until it flows into the flame disk, and the ignition position and the upper portion of the igniter
  • the upper side of the cover body corresponds to each other. Therefore, on the one hand, it is much easier to ignite the methanol water raw material scattered on the upper cover body than the ignition mode of the methanol water raw material in the prior art in which the igniter is ignited.
  • the success rate of the igniter is high; on the other hand, since the flame disk usually has a large area, the flame disk is also easy to open the vent hole, so that the methanol water burning area of the starting device is large, and the flame is relatively large; After that, since the methanol water raw material emerges from the small hole and spreads along the upper side of the upper cover body until it flows into the flame disk, it can be used in the entire flow of the methanol water raw material.
  • the combustion is exothermic, and it is not necessary to first vaporize by heating the gasification pipeline, so that the methanol water raw material with a higher flow rate can be supplied to the starting device, which greatly improves the combustion intensity and the startup time of the reforming hydrogen production device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of a methanol water reforming hydrogen generator (with the body casing removed).
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a dispersion structure of a methanol water reforming hydrogen generator (with the body casing removed).
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a methanol water reforming hydrogen generator (with the body casing removed). 4 is a schematic rear structural view of a methanol water reforming hydrogen generator (with the body casing removed). [0016] FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the top surface structure of a methanol water reforming hydrogen generator (with the body casing removed).
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a wireless connection between a wireless signal transmitting and receiving device and a mobile control device.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the installation structure of an electric control system and a gas control system.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of charging and discharging of a rechargeable battery, a first power module, and a second power module.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view showing a hydrogen production system, a methanol water inlet system, and a heat exchange system.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a methanol water inlet system.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the front structure of a hydrogen production system.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing a dispersion structure of a hydrogen production system.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the bottom structure of a hydrogen production system.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 13 .
  • FIG. 15 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A in FIG. 14.
  • 16 is a schematic perspective view of a heat exchange system.
  • 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 16.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic front view of the starting system.
  • 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 18.
  • 20 is a schematic top view of the starting device.
  • 21 is a schematic perspective view of a gas control system.
  • the starting system for starting the reforming hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention is applied to a methanol water reforming hydrogen generator.
  • the electronic control system includes a control main board 1, a power supply device 2, and a power output port 3, wherein the control mainboard controls the methanol water inlet system, the hydrogen production system, and the power generation system;
  • the power supply device 2 includes a rechargeable battery 201.
  • the start button 11 is pressed, and the rechargeable battery 201 supplies power to the methanol water reforming hydrogen generator itself, specifically, the rechargeable battery Battery 201 Mainly for controlling the main board 1, the transfer pump 402, the start-in solenoid valve 403, the hydrogen-injecting electromagnetic wide 405 and the starting device 6; after the methanol water reforming hydrogen generator is started, the rechargeable battery 201 is stopped
  • the methanol water reforming hydrogen generator itself supplies power, except for the safety electromagnetic port 102; the power output port 3 is used for the power generation system to output power outward; the power output port 3 includes a current sensor 301, a DC contactor 302, and an aviation joint 303, the battery sensor 301 is electrically connected to the control main board 1, and the aviation joint 303 outputs 48V direct current to the outside.
  • the aviation joint 303 outputs 48V direct current to the outside.
  • other specific values of direct current can be outputted as needed.
  • the methanol water inlet system includes an inlet manifold 401, a transfer pump 402, a start inlet solenoid valve 403, a start inlet manifold 404, a hydrogen inlet solenoid valve 405, and a system
  • the hydrogen inlet pipe 406 during the start of the methanol water reforming hydrogen generator, the start inlet solenoid valve 403 is opened, the hydrogen infusion solenoid valve 405 is closed, and the methanol water raw material is sequentially passed through the liquid inlet manifold 401 and the transfer pump 402.
  • the starting device 6 is supplied to the hydrogen production system; during the hydrogen production process of the methanol water reforming hydrogen generator, the hydrogen infusion solenoid valve 405 is opened, and the liquid inlet electromagnetic valve is activated.
  • the valve 404 is closed, and the methanol water raw material is sequentially supplied to the reforming hydrogen generator 5 of the hydrogen production system through the liquid inlet manifold 401, the transfer pump 402, the hydrogen production liquid inlet solenoid valve 405 and the hydrogen production liquid inlet pipe 406;
  • the hydrogen production system includes a reforming hydrogen production unit 5 and an activation device 6, and the reforming hydrogen production unit 5 includes a heat insulation housing 504, which is inside the heat insulation housing 504.
  • a reforming chamber 501, a separation chamber 502, and a combustion chamber 503 are provided.
  • the reforming chamber 501 is used for a reforming hydrogen reaction of methanol and water to produce a mixed gas mainly composed of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and the reforming chamber 501 is provided.
  • a catalyst is provided, and methanol and water vapor are passed through the catalyst in a reforming chamber 501 under a pressure of 1-5 M Pa.
  • a methanol cracking reaction and a carbon monoxide shift reaction are generated to generate hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide, which is a Multi-component, multi-reaction gas-solid catalytic reaction system, the reaction equation is: (l) CH 3 OH ⁇ CO+2H 2 , (2)H 2 0+CO ⁇ CO 2 +H 2 , (3)CH 3 OH +H z O ⁇ CO 2 +3H 2 , a high-temperature mixed gas mainly composed of carbon dioxide and hydrogen; the separation chamber 502 is for separating hydrogen gas from the mixed gas, and the hydrogen gas may be externally outputted or supplied to the fuel cell 7
  • the combustion chamber 503 is used for partially produced hydrogen to be combusted in the combustion chamber 503 Providing heat for the operation of the reforming hydrogen generator 5; the starting device 6 is used for starting the methanol water reforming hydrogen generator, and supplying heat to the starting process of the reforming hydrogen generating device 5 by the fuel methanol water raw material;
  • a reforming hydrogen production unit 5 a
  • a power generation system comprising a fuel cell 7, which is used for electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the air to generate electrical energy, at the anode of the fuel cell 7: 2H 2 ⁇ 4H ++4e -, H 2 splits into two protons And two electrons, protons pass through the proton exchange membrane (PEM), electrons pass through the anode plate, through the external load, and into the cathode bipolar plate, at the cathode of the fuel cell 7: 0 2 +4e - +4H + ⁇ 2H 2 0
  • the protons, electrons, and 02 recombine to form H 2 0; the generated electrical energy is output through the power output port 6, and the generated electrical energy is also used to charge the rechargeable battery 201.
  • the fuel cell is provided with two fans 701 on one side and an air filter 702 on the other side. Under the driving of the two fans 701, outside air enters the interior of the fuel cell from the air filter 702, and then from the two The fan 701 is discharged. The outside air enters the fuel cell 7 to cool the fuel cell 7 on the one hand and oxygen to the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell 7 on the other hand.
  • the electronic control system is further provided with a wireless signal transmitting and receiving device 8
  • the wireless signal transmitting and receiving device 8 includes a signal converter 801 and an antenna 802, and the antenna S02 is mounted on the signal conversion.
  • the signal converter 801 is electrically connected to the control board 1 .
  • a mobile control device 804 is further provided, and the mobile control device 804 and the wireless signal transmitting and receiving device 8 are wirelessly connected by a WIFI method, and the mobile control device 804 is provided with a display module for displaying data parameters and setting hydrogen production by methanol water reforming.
  • the mobile control device 804 is preferably a smartphone or tablet.
  • the methanol water reforming hydrogen generator can be wirelessly set and monitored by the external movement control device 804 by setting the wireless signal transmitting and receiving device 8.
  • the power supply device 2 further includes a first power module 202 and a second power module 203.
  • the rechargeable battery 201 supplies power to the methanol water reforming hydrogen generator itself through the first power module 202; in the hydrogen production and power generation process of the methanol water reforming hydrogen generator, the power generating system passes the second power module 203 to the rechargeable battery 201 charging, automatically stop charging after full charge.
  • the rechargeable battery 201 is preferably a lithium ion battery.
  • the methanol water reforming hydrogen generator further includes a heat exchange system 9, which includes a coaxial double-layer heat exchange tube 901 and a room temperature liquid inlet 902. , high temperature liquid outlet 903, high temperature gas
  • the inner pipe of the double heat exchange tube 901 is a gas pipe 9011, and the outer pipe is a liquid pipe 9012; at one end of the double heat exchange pipe 901, the gas pipe 9011 and the high temperature gas
  • the inlet 904 is in communication with the liquid conduit 9012 in communication with the high temperature liquid outlet 904; at the other end of the double layer heat exchange tube 901, the gas conduit 9011 is in communication with the cryogenic gas outlet 905, and the liquid conduit 9012 is in communication with the ambient temperature liquid inlet 902;
  • the methanol water raw material in the hydrogen production liquid inlet pipe 406 enters the liquid pipe 9012 from the normal temperature liquid inlet 902,
  • the gas pipe 9011, the methanol water raw material in the liquid pipe 9012 exchanges heat with the hydrogen gas in the gas pipe 9011, the temperature of the methanol water raw material rises, and is output from the high temperature liquid outlet 903 to the reforming hydrogen producing device 5, and the hydrogen temperature is lowered from the low temperature.
  • the gas outlet 905 is externally output or output to the fuel cell 7.
  • the hydrogen gas can be cooled to a lower temperature before entering the fuel cell 7, and the fuel cell 7 is not damaged.
  • the methanol water raw material entering the reforming hydrogen production device 5 is exchanged.
  • the heater is heated to reduce the combustion heating strength in the reforming hydrogen generator 5, and the utilization efficiency of the methanol water raw material is greatly improved.
  • the starting device 6 of the hydrogen production system includes a liquid inlet riser 601, a flame disk 602, an upper cover body 603 and an igniter 604, the flame
  • the disk 602 and the upper cover 603 are disposed on the riser 601 from bottom to top.
  • the middle of the upper cover 603 is provided with a small hole 6031 communicating with the riser 601.
  • the methanol water raw material can flow upward from the liquid inlet riser 601.
  • the small hole 6031 emerges from the small hole 6031 and diffuses around the upper side of the upper cover 603 until it flows into the flame disk 602; the ignition position of the igniter 604 and the upper cover 603 The sides correspond.
  • a lower cover body 605 is further disposed between the flame disk 602 and the upper cover body 603, and the lower cover body 605 prevents the methanol water raw material in the flame disk 602 from being outwardly sputtered.
  • the outer periphery of the flame disk 602 is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes 6021 for the outside air to enter the flame disk 602 and the combustion chamber 503 in the reforming hydrogen generator 5 through the ventilation holes 6021.
  • the ventilation holes 602 of the flame disk 602 1 is a spiral venting groove 6021, which can increase the flame burning intensity, so that the flame rises spirally, and the spiral flame is more uniform and noiseless.
  • the starting device 6 adopts a combination of the combination of the flame disk 602 and the upper cover body 603, the methanol water raw material can be scattered laterally on the upper cover body 603, and after the ignition, the methanol water raw material can be quickly on the upper side of the upper cover body 603.
  • the large area burns, and the unburned methanol water raw material falls into the flame disk 602 to further rapidly burn in a large area, thereby rapidly providing the starting heat required for the reforming hydrogen production device through the cooperation of the upper cover 603 and the flame plate 602.
  • the flame disk 602 is provided with an air inlet device 12, and the air inlet device 12 includes an air inlet passage 121 and a blower 122.
  • the air blower 122 connects the outside air. After the air fan enters the air inlet passage 121, it enters the flame tray 602 and the combustion chamber 503 in the reforming hydrogen generator 5.
  • the methanol water reforming hydrogen generator further includes a gas control system 10, and the gas control system 10 is disposed on a conveying pipe that supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell 7.
  • the gas control system 10 includes a safety air control tube 101, a safety solenoid valve 102, and a safety air pressure sensor 103.
  • the safety solenoid valve 102 and the safety air pressure sensor 103 are mounted on the safety air control tube 101.
  • the safety control air tube 101 has The safety solenoid valve 102 cooperates with the air leakage hole. When the safety air pressure sensor 101 senses that the hydrogen gas pressure is higher than the warning air pressure, the safety safety valve 102 opens the air leakage hole to discharge the hydrogen gas.
  • the control main board 1 controls an alarm (not shown) to alarm; the safety solenoid valve 102 is powered by the rechargeable battery 201, which ensures that the safety solenoid valve 102 is electrically supplied at all times.
  • the safety solenoid valve 102 can reclose the vent hole on the safety air control tube 101. Since the gas control system 10 is provided, the problem that the hydrogen gas pressure caused by the abnormality of the system is excessively high and the equipment such as the fuel cell 7 is destroyed is avoided. Further, the gas control system 10 further includes a basic electromagnetic valve 104 for opening and closing the hydrogen delivery channel in a normal state, and a basic air pressure sensor 105 for sensing a normal state. Under the hydrogen pressure.
  • the present invention is an activation device capable of quickly starting a reforming hydrogen production apparatus, which has a high ignition success rate, a methanol water combustion area, and a large combustion flame. Therefore, it has industrial applicability.

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Abstract

一种用于启动重整制氢装置(5)的启动系统(6)，该重整制氢装置(5)及启动系统(6)采用甲醇水作为原料，该启动系统(6)包括进液立管(601)、火焰盘(602)、上盖体(603)及点火器(604)，火焰盘(602)及上盖体(603)从下至上设置于进液立管(601)上；上盖体(603)中部开有与进液立管(601)相连通的小孔(6031)，甲醇水原料可从进液立管(601)往上流向小孔(6031)，再从小孔(6031)中冒出，并沿着上盖体(603)的上侧面，向四周散开，直至流入火焰盘(602)；点火器(604)的点火位置与上盖体(603)的上侧面相对应。该启动系统(6)点火成功率高、甲醇水燃烧面积和燃烧火焰大，能够迅速启动重整制氢装置(5)。

Description

发明名称：一种用于启动重整制氢装置的启动系统
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及甲醇水重整制氢设备技术领域， 特别涉及一种用于启动重整制氢装 置的启动系统。
背景技术
[0002] 氢， 是一种 21世纪最理想的能源之一， 在燃烧相同重量的煤、 汽油和氢气的情 况下， 氢气产生的能量最多， 而且它燃烧的产物是水， 没有灰渣和废气， 不会 污染环境； 而煤和石油燃烧生成的主要是0 0 2和50 2， 可分别产生温室效应和酸 雨。 煤和石油的储量是有限的， 而氢主要存于水中， 燃烧后唯一的产物也是水 , 可源源不断地产生氢气， 永远不会用完。 氢的分布很广泛， 水就是氢的大 "仓 库"， 其中含有 11<¾的氢。 泥土里约有 1.5%的氢； 石油、 煤炭、 天然气、 动植物 体内等都含有氢。 氢的主体是以化合物水的形式存在的， 而地球表面约 70%为水 所覆盖， 储水量很大， 因此可以说， 氢是"取之不尽、 用之不竭"的能源。 如果能 用合适的方法制取氢， 那么氢也将是一种价格相当便宜的能源。
[0003] 目前， 利用甲醇水蒸气重整技术制取 !1 2与 0 2的混合气体， 再经钯膜分离器分 离， 可分别得到 11 2和(：0 2。 参照中国发明申请 201310340475.0 (申请人： 上海合 既得动氢机器有限公司） ， 该专利公开了一种甲醇水制氢系统， 甲醇与水蒸气 重整器的重整室内， 在 350-409°C温度下 l-5M Pa的压力条件下通过催化剂， 在催 化剂的作用下， 发生甲醇裂解反应和一氧化碳的变换反应， 生成氢气和二氧化 碳， 这是一个多组份、 多反应的气固催化反应系统。 反应方程如下： （l)CH 3OH →CO+2H 2; (2)H 20+CO→C0 2+H 2; (3)CH 3OH+H 20→CO 2+3H 2, 重整反应生 成的 !1 2和03 2， 再经过分离室的钯膜分离器将 H 2 C0 2分离， 得到高纯氢气。
[0004] 甲醇水的催化反应在甲醇水制氢设备的重整制氢装置中完成， 重整制氢装置包 括重整器壳体及位于重整制氢装置壳体内的燃烧室和重整室， 一般地， 重整室 中需要 350-409°C的温度， 而燃烧室中需要 405-570°C的温度， 重整制氢装置才能 正常工作。 重整制氢装置的启动是通过启动装置完成的， 在现有技术中， 冷启 动通常需要很长时间， 一般在 5小时以上， 而热启动需要耗费大量能源， 才能使 重整室等装置处于高温状态。
[0005] 有鉴于此， 本创作者于 2014年 11月 7日申请了一项发明专禾 l」CN201410621689.X
, 该发明专利公开了一种甲醇水制氢系统的重整器， 重整器一端安装有启动装 置， 该启动装置包括杯座， 杯座上安装有原料输入管道、 加热气化管道、 点火 装置及温度探测装置； 所述原料输入管道与加热气化管道相连通， 所述原料经 原料输入管道进入加热气化管道后， 从加热气化管道的末端输出； 所述点火装 置的位置与加热气化管道的末端相对应， 用于对加热气化管道中输出的原料进 行点火， 所述原料经点火装置点火后燃烧， 可对加热气化管道进行加热， 使加 热气化管道中的原料气化而迅速加大燃烧强度， 进而为重整器加热度。 该启动 装置通常在 5分钟内即可启动重整器 （即重整制氢装置） ， 无需使用到电加热装 置。 然而， 该启动装置还存在以下缺陷： 其一、 点火装置点火成功率难以保障 , 由于甲醇水原料是从加热气化管道的末端输出， 通常是以滴落的方式输出， 滴落过程中， 甲醇水经常接触不到点火装置而经常点火失败， 需要重新点火； 其二、 由于杯座的直径较小， 且杯座无法开设通风孔， 使得启动装置的甲醇水 燃烧面积小， 火焰不够大； 其三、 加热气化管道中的甲醇水原料在流速较快的 情况下， 仍然难以气化， 因而， 只能向启动装置输送流速较低的甲醇水原料， 进一步影响甲醇水原料燃烧强度， 增加了重整器的启动吋间。
技术问题
[0006] 本发明要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术中的不足， 提供一种点火成功率 高、 甲醇水燃烧面积和燃烧火焰大， 能够迅速启动重整制氢装置的启动装置。 问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0007] 为解决上述技术问题， 本发明的技术方案是： 一种用于启动重整制氢装置的启 动系统， 该重整制氢装置及启动系统采用甲醇水作为原料， 包括进液立管、 火 焰盘、 上盖体及点火器， 所述火焰盘及上盖体从下至上设置于进液立管上； 所 述上盖体中部开有与进液立管相连通的小孔， 甲醇水原料可从进液立管往上流 向小孔， 再从小孔中冒出， 并沿着上盖体的上侧面， 向四周散开， 直至流入火 焰盘； 所述点火器的点火位置与上盖体的上侧面相对应。
[0008] 作为对本发明的进一步阐述：
[0009] 所述火焰盘与上盖体之间还设有下盖体， 所述下盖体安装于进液立管上， 所述 下盖体可防止火焰盘中的甲醇水原料向外溅射。
[0010] 所述火焰盘的外周设置有均匀排布的若干通风孔， 以便外界空气通过通风孔进 入火焰盘及重整制氢装置内。 进一步， 所述火焰盘的通风孔为螺旋形的通风孔 槽。
[0011] 所述火焰盘的下方设有进风装置， 所述进风装置包括进风通道和鼓风机， 所述 鼓风机将外界空气扇入进风通道后， 再进入火焰盘及重整制氢装置内。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0012] 本发明的有益效果是： 本发明火焰盘及上盖体从下至上设置于进液立管上； 所 述上盖体中部开有与进液立管相连通的小孔， 甲醇水原料可从进液立管往上流 向小孔， 再从小孔中冒出， 并沿着上盖体的上侧面， 向四周散开， 直至流入火 焰盘， 所述点火器的点火位置与上盖体的上侧面相对应， 因此， 一方面， 相比 于现有技术中点火器点燃滴落的甲醇水原料的点火方式， 点燃在上盖体上散开 的甲醇水原料要容易得多， 因而使得点火器成功率高； 另一方面， 由于火焰盘 通常的面积较大， 火焰盘也容易开设通风孔， 使得启动装置的甲醇水燃烧面积 在， 火焰也比较大； 再一方面， 点火成功之后， 由于甲醇水原料是从小孔中冒 出， 并沿着上盖体的上侧面， 向四周散开， 直至流入火焰盘， 因此， 在甲醇水 原料的整个流动过程中， 均能燃烧放热， 无需先通过加热气化管道进行气化， 从而能向启动装置输送流速较高的甲醇水原料， 大大提高了燃烧强度和重整制 氢装置的启动吋间。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0013] 图 1为甲醇水重整制氢发电机 （移除了机体外壳） 的立体结构示意图。
[0014] 图 2为甲醇水重整制氢发电机 （移除了机体外壳） 的分散结构示意图。
[0015] 图 3为甲醇水重整制氢发电机 （移除了机体外壳） 的正面结构示意图。 [0016] 图 4为甲醇水重整制氢发电机 （移除了机体外壳） 的后面结构示意图。
[0017] 图 5为甲醇水重整制氢发电机 （移除了机体外壳） 的顶面结构示意图。
[0018] 图 6为无线信号发送接收装置与移动控制装置的无线连接示意图。
[0019] 图 7为电控系统与控气系统的安装结构示意图。
[0020] 图 8为可充电电池与第一电源模块及第二电源模块的充放电示意图。
[0021] 图 9为制氢系统、 甲醇水进液系统及换热系统的立体结构示意图。
[0022] 图 10为甲醇水进液系统的立体结构示意图。
[0023] 图 11为制氢系统的正面结构示意图。
[0024] 图 12为制氢系统的分散结构示意图。
[0025] 图 13为制氢系统的底部结构示意图。
[0026] 图 14为沿图 13中 A-A线的剖视图。
[0027] 图 15为图 14中 A部分局部放大图。
[0028] 图 16为换热系统的立体结构示意图。
[0029] 图 17为图 16中沿 B-B线的剖视图。
[0030] 图 18为启动系统的正面结构示意图。
[0031] 图 19为图 18中沿 C-C线的剖视图。
[0032] 图 20为启动装置的顶部结构示意图。
[0033] 图 21为控气系统的立体结构示意图。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0034] 下面结合附图对本发明的结构原理和工作原理作进一步详细说明。
[0035] 本发明用于启动重整制氢装置的启动系统应用于一种甲醇水重整制氢发电机。
[0036] 如图 1-图 5所示， 一种甲醇水重整制氢发电机， 包括电控系统、 甲醇水进液系 统、 制氢系统及发电系统， 其中：
[0037] 电控系统， 结合参考图 6-图 8 , 包括控制主板 1、 供电装置 2及电力输出端口 3 , 所述控制主板控制甲醇水进液系统、 制氢系统及发电系统工作； 所述供电装置 2 包括可充电电池 201 , 在甲醇水重整制氢发电机启动过程中， 按下启动按钮 11， 该可充电电池 201为甲醇水重整制氢发电机自身供电， 具体地， 可充电电池 201 主要为控制主板 1、 输送泵 402、 启动进液电磁阀 403、 制氢进液电磁阔 405和启 动装置 6供电； 在甲醇水重整制氢发电机启动之后， 该可充电电池 201则停止为 甲醇水重整制氢发电机自身供电， 安全电磁闺 102除外； 所述电力输出端口 3用 于发电系统向外输出电力； 所述电力输出端口 3包括电流传感器 301、 直流接触 器 302和航空接头 303， 所述电池传感器 301与控制主板 1电性连接， 所述航空接 头 303向外输出 48V直流电， 当然， 也可以依据需要， 向外输出其他特定数值的 直流电。
[0038] 甲醇水进液系统 4, 结合参考图 9-图 10, 包括进液总管 401、 输送泵 402、 启动 进液电磁阀 403、 启动进液分管 404、 制氢进液电磁阀 405及制氢进液分管 406; 在甲醇水重整制氢发电机启动过程中， 启动进液电磁阀 403打开， 制氢进液电磁 阀 405关闭， 甲醇水原料依次经进液总管 401、 输送泵 402、 启动进液电磁阀 403 及启动进液分管 404后， 供应给制氢系统的启动装置 6 ; 在甲醇水重整制氢发电 机制氢过程中， 制氢进液电磁阀 405打开， 启动进液电磁阀 404关闭， 甲醇水原 料依次经进液总管 401、 输送泵 402、 制氢进液电磁阀 405及制氢进液分管 406后 , 供应给制氢系统的重整制氢装置 5 ;
[0039] 制氢系统， 结合参考图 9、 图 11-图 15， 包括重整制氢装置 5及启动装置 6 , 所述 重整制氢装置 5包括保温壳体 504， 在保温壳体 504内设有重整室 501、 分离室 502 及燃烧室 503， 所述重整室 501用于甲醇和水发生重整制氢反应制得以二氧化碳 和氢气为主的混合气体， 所述重整室 501内设有催化剂， 甲醇和水蒸汽在重整室 501内， 1-5M Pa的压力条件下通过催化剂， 在催化剂的作用下， 发生甲醇裂解 反应和一氧化碳的变换反应， 生成氢气和二氧化碳， 这是一个多组份、 多反应 的气固催化反应系统， 反应方程为： （l)CH 3OH→CO+2H 2、 (2)H 20+CO→CO 2 +H 2、 (3)CH 3OH+H zO→CO 2+3H 2， 制得以二氧化碳和氢气为主的高温混合气 体； 所述分离室 502用于从混合气体中分离出氢气， 该氢气可向外输出或供应给 燃料电池 7， 所述燃烧室 503用于部分制得的氢气在燃烧室 503中燃烧， 为重整制 氢装置 5的运行提供热量； 所述启动装置 6用于甲醇水重整制氢发电机启动过程 中， 通过燃料甲醇水原料为重整制氢装置 5的启动过程提供热量； 此外， 在重整 制氢装置 5内， 还设有加热汽化盘管 505， 甲醇和水原料在进入重整室 501之前， 先通过加热汽化盘管 505进行汽化处理；
[0040] 发电系统， 包括燃料电池 7， 其用于氢气及空气中的氧气发生电化学反应产生 电能， 在燃料电池 7的阳极： 2H 2→4H ++4e -， H 2分裂成两个质子和两个电子， 质子穿过质子交换膜 （PEM) , 电子通过阳极板， 通过外部负载， 并进入阴极 双极板， 在燃料电池 7的阴极： 0 2+4e - +4H +→2H 20， 质子、 电子和 0 2重新结合 以形成 H 20; 产生的电能通过所述电力输出端口 6输出， 产生的电能还用于可充 电电池 201充电。 所述燃料电池的一侧设有两个风机 701， 另一侧设有空气过滤 网 702, 在两个风机 701的驱动下， 外界空气从空气过滤网 702进入燃料电池内部 , 随后再从两个风机 701处排出。 外界空气在进入燃料电池 7的过程中， 一方面 为燃料电池 7降温， 另一方面， 为燃料电池 7的电化学反应提供氧气。
[0041] 如图 1-图 7所示， 所述电控系统还设有无线信号发送接收装置 8， 该无线信号发 送接收装置 8包括信号转换器 801和天线 802, 该天线 S02安装于信号转换器 801上 , 该信号转换器 801与控制主板 1电性连接。 进一步， 还包括移动控制装置 804， 该移动控制装置 804与无线信号发送接收装置 8通过 WIFI方式达成无线连接， 所 述移动控制装置 804设有显示数据参数的显示模块和设置甲醇水重整制氢发电机 工作程序的控制模块。 所述移动控制装置 804优选为智能手机或平板电脑。 通过 设置无线信号发送接收装置 8， 使甲醇水重整制氢发电机能通过外部移动控制装 置 804进行无线设置和监控。
[0042] 如图 1-图 3、 图 8所示， 所述供电装置 2还包括第一电源模块 202和第二电源模块 203， 在甲醇水重整制氢发电机启动过程中， 所述可充电电池 201通过第一电源 模块 202为甲醇水重整制氢发电机自身供电； 在甲醇水重整制氢发电机制氢及发 电过程中， 所述发电系统通过第二电源模块 203对可充电电池 201充电， 充满电 后自动停止充电。 所述可充电电池 201优选为锂离子电池。 通过设置供电装置 2 , 实现了启动过程中， 不需要外接电源供电， 通过可充电电池即可为甲醇水重 整制氢发电机自身供电， 等燃料电池工作后， 再反过来为可充电电池充电， 为 下一次开机启动做好准备。
[0043] 如图 16-图 17所示， 所述甲醇水重整制氢发电机还包括换热系统 9， 该换热系统 9包括同轴心的双层换热管 901、 常温液体入口 902、 高温液体出口 903、 高温气 体入口 904及低温气体出口 905; 所述双层换热管 901的内层管道为气体管道 9011 , 外层管道为液体管道 9012; 在双层换热管 901的一端， 气体管道 9011与高温气 体入口 904相连通， 液体管道 9012与高温液体出口 904相连通； 在双层换热管 901 的另一端， 气体管道 9011与低温气体出口 905相连通， 液体管道 9012与常温液体 入口 902相连通； 在甲醇水重整制氢发电机制氢过程中， 所述制氢进液分管 406 中的甲醇水原料从常温液体入口 902进入液体管道 9012 , 所述制氢系统制得的氢 气从高温气体入口 904进入气体管道 9011 , 液体管道 9012中的甲醇水原料与气体 管道 9011中的氢气进行换热， 甲醇水原料温度升高， 从高温液体出口 903输出至 重整制氢装置 5， 氢气温度降低， 从低温气体出口 905向外输出或输出至燃料电 池 7。 通过设置换热系统， 使氢气在进入燃料电池 7之前能降温至较低的温度， 不会对燃料电池 7造成损害， 与此同吋， 进入重整制氢装置 5的甲醇水原料在换 热器中得到加热， 从而降低重整制氢装置 5内的燃烧加热强度， 大幅提高了甲醇 水原料的利用效率。
如图 12、 图 14、 图 15、 图 18-图 20所示， 所述制氢系统的启动装置 6包括进液立 管 601、 火焰盘 602、 上盖体 603及点火器 604， 所述火焰盘 602及上盖体 603从下 至上设置于立管 601上； 所述上盖体 603中部开有与立管 601相连通的小孔 6031 , 甲醇水原料可从进液立管 601往上流向小孔 6031， 再从小孔 6031中冒出， 并沿着 上盖体 603的上侧面， 向四周散幵， 直至流入火焰盘 602; 所述点火器 604的点火 位置与上盖体 603的上侧面相对应。 进一步， 所述火焰盘 602与上盖体 603之间还 设有下盖体 605， 该下盖体 605可防止火焰盘 602中的甲醇水原料向外溅射。 所述 火焰盘 602的外周设置有若干通风孔 6021 , 以便外界空气通过通风孔 6021进入火 焰盘 602及重整制氢装置 5内的燃烧室 503， 优选地， 所述火焰盘 602的通风孔 602 1为螺旋形的通风孔槽 6021， 这样能加大火焰燃烧强度， 使火焰呈螺旋状上升， 且螺旋式火焰更均匀， 无噪音。 由于启动装置 6采用了火焰盘 602和上盖体 603组 合的结合， 甲醇水原料能在上盖体 603上侧向四周散开， 点火之后， 甲醇水原料 能够在上盖体 603上侧迅速地大面积燃烧， 而未燃烧的甲醇水原料则掉入火焰盘 602中进一步迅速大面积燃烧， 从而通过上盖体 603和火焰盘 602的配合， 迅速提 供重整制氢装置所需要的启动热量， 使制氢系统启动速度非常快， 通常在 3分钟 之内即可启动。
[0045] 如图 1、 图 9、 图 11-图 14所示， 所述火焰盘 602的正方设有进风装置 12， 该进风 装置 12包括进风通道 121和鼓风机 122, 鼓风机 122将外界空气扇入进风通道 121 后， 再进入火焰盘 602及重整制氢装置 5内的燃烧室 503。
[0046] 如图 2、 图 7、 图 21所示， 所述甲醇水重整制氢发电机还包括控气系统 10， 所述 控气系统 10设置于向燃料电池 7输送氢气的输送管道上； 所述控气系统 10包括安 全控气管 101、 安全电磁阀 102及安全气压传感器 103， 所述安全电磁阀 102及安 全气压传感器 103安装于安全控气管 101上； 所述安全控气管 101具有与安全电磁 阀 102相配合的泄气孔， 氢气在通过安全控气管 101过程中， 若安全气压传感器 1 03感应到氢气气压高于警戒气压， 则控制安全电磁阀 102打开泄气孔， 向外排出 氢气， 此时， 控制主板 1控制报警器 （图中未示出） 报警； 该安全电磁阀 102由 可充电电池 201供电， 这样能保证在任何时候下安全电磁阀 102均有电供应。 当 系统排出问题后， 安全电磁阀 102可重新关闭安全控气管 101上的泄气孔。 由于 设置了控气系统 10, 从而避免了系统异常造成的氢气气压过高而破坏燃料电池 7 等设备的问题。 进一步， 所述控气系统 10还包括基本电磁闽 104及基本气压传感 器 105 , 所述基本电磁阀 104用于正常状态下的打开和关闭氢气输送通道， 所述 基本气压传感器 105用于感应正常状态下的氢气压力。
[0047] 以上所述， 仅是本发明较佳实施方式， 凡是依据本发明的技术方案对以上的实 施方式所作的任何细微修改、 等同变化与修饰， 均属于本发明技术方案的范围 内。
工业实用性
[0048] 本发明为一种能够迅速启动重整制氢装置的启动装置， 该启动装置点火成功率 高、 甲醇水燃烧面积和燃烧火焰大。 因此， 具有工业实用性。

Claims

一种用于启动重整制氢装置的启动系统， 该重整制氢装置及启动系统 釆用甲醇水作为原料， 其特征在于： 包括进液立管、 火焰盘、 上盖体 及点火器， 所述火焰盘及上盖体从下至上设置于进液立管上； 所述上 盖体中部开有与进液立管相连通的小孔， 甲醇水原料可从进液立管往 上流向小孔， 再从小孔中冒出， 并沿着上盖体的上侧面， 向四周散开 , 直至流入火焰盘； 所述点火器的点火位置与上盖体的上侧面相对应 根据权利要求 1所述的用于启动甲醇水重整制氢装置的启动系统， 其 特征在于： 所述火焰盘与上盖体之间还设有下盖体， 所述下盖体安装 于进液立管上， 所述下盖体可防止火焰盘中的甲醇水原料向外溅射。 根据权利要求 1所述的用于启动甲醇水重整制氢装置的启动系统， 其 特征在于： 所述火焰盘的外周设置有均匀排布的若干通风孔， 以便外 界空气通过通风孔进入火焰盘及重整制氢装置内。
根据权利要求 3所述的用于启动甲醇水重整制氢装置的启动系统， 其 特征在于： 所述火焰盘的通风孔为螺旋形的通风孔槽。
根据权利要求 1-4中任意一项所述的用于启动甲醇水重整制氢装置的 启动系统， 其特征在于： 所述火焰盘的下方设有进风装置， 所述进风 装置包括进风通道和鼓风机， 所述鼓风机将外界空气扇入进风通道后 , 再进入火焰盘及重整制氢装置内。
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