WO2017007284A1 - Procédé et appareil permettant d'obtenir une image de vaisseau sanguin dynamique basés sur une technique de projection - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil permettant d'obtenir une image de vaisseau sanguin dynamique basés sur une technique de projection Download PDF

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WO2017007284A1
WO2017007284A1 PCT/KR2016/007458 KR2016007458W WO2017007284A1 WO 2017007284 A1 WO2017007284 A1 WO 2017007284A1 KR 2016007458 W KR2016007458 W KR 2016007458W WO 2017007284 A1 WO2017007284 A1 WO 2017007284A1
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image data
dynamic
data
blood vessel
background image
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PCT/KR2016/007458
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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박재석
박수형
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성균관대학교산학협력단
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Publication of WO2017007284A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017007284A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves  involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging

Definitions

  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for acquiring a dynamic vascular image based on a projection technique, and more particularly, to robust from blood vessel damage in a subtracted image due to the movement of a subject, and to obtain a dynamic vascular image acquisition time.
  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for acquiring fast dynamic blood vessel images based on a projection technique capable of rapidly improving time resolution and at the same time achieving high accuracy.
  • a device for processing magnetic resonance imaging is a device for acquiring tomographic images of a specific part of a patient by using resonance phenomena according to the supply of electromagnetic energy, and radiation compared to imaging devices such as X-rays or CT It is widely used because there is no exposure and a tomographic image can be obtained relatively easily.
  • a method of generating a magnetic resonance image is applied to a subject photographing a magnetic resonance image by applying a high frequency RF signal a plurality of times to excite the spin of the atomic nucleus in the subject.
  • various signals such as free induced attenuation signal (FID) and spin echo are generated in the magnetic resonance image processing device, and the magnetic resonance image is generated by selectively acquiring these signals.
  • FID free induced attenuation signal
  • Angiography through such MRI has also been developed.
  • Angiography refers to a procedure for examining vascular diseases by observing blood vessels through an image obtained by injecting a drug called a contrast agent into the body of a subject.
  • a contrast agent a drug called a contrast agent into the body of a subject.
  • conventional angiography described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013-0119990 (name of the invention: SYSTEM FOR ORDERING FREQUENCY DOMAIN COMPONENTS REPRESENTING MR IMAGE DATA)
  • the reference data obtained before the contrast agent is injected is obtained, and the resolution is increased.
  • data about low and high frequencies may be repeatedly obtained alternately, dynamic data after injection of a contrast agent, and subtraction between reference data and dynamic data may be performed to obtain dynamic blood vessel images.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and does not adopt the conventional method of subtracting reference data from dynamic data, and does not adopt the conventional technique, and the dynamic blood vessel image from which the background image is removed by projecting the entire image data onto the background image data. It is aimed to provide accurate and high resolution dynamic blood vessel images at high speed by removing the noise amplification in the subtraction process and removing unnecessary data due to patient movement.
  • the present invention is to solve the problem of the lack of data due to the existing under-sampling method by combining the current frame data with the high frequency data of the surrounding frame data to obtain accurate data quickly.
  • a method for obtaining a dynamic blood vessel image based on a projection technique performed by the magnetic resonance image processing apparatus includes (a) the magnetic resonance image processing apparatus. Acquiring a plurality of frame data by sampling a signal received from a coil, and acquiring whole image data of a subject based on the plurality of frame data; (b) static background image data regarding a static background image of blood vessels before contrast medium is injected into blood vessels of the subject, and dynamic background image data about dynamic background image of blood vessels after the contrast agent is injected into blood vessels of the subject.
  • an apparatus for obtaining a dynamic blood vessel image based on a projection technique may include: a memory in which a program is stored to perform a method for obtaining a dynamic blood vessel image based on a projection technique; And a processor for executing the program, wherein the processor acquires a plurality of frame data by sampling a signal received from a coil of the magnetic resonance image processing apparatus according to the execution of the program. Acquiring full image data of the subject based on the data, and before the contrast agent is injected into the blood vessel of the subject, the static background image data of the static background image of the blood vessel and the contrast agent are injected into the blood vessel of the subject.
  • Dynamic background image data of a dynamic background image of a blood vessel is separated from the whole image data, and the dynamic background image of the blood vessel in which the contrast agent flows is based on the whole image data from which the static background image data and the dynamic background image data are separated.
  • the present invention provides a projection technique-based dynamic blood vessel image acquisition device and method for projecting dynamic data obtained after a contrast agent is injected into three-dimensional data obtained before the contrast agent is injected into a subject.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an apparatus for obtaining a dynamic blood vessel image based on a projection technique according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the internal configuration of the signal processing unit of the dynamic blood vessel image acquisition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3A is an image illustrating spatial information when frame data is obtained through sampling by Jittered Golden-Angle Radial-like Acquisition, which is one of various conventional sampling methods.
  • 3B is an image illustrating spatial information when frame data is reconstructed through data sharing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of obtaining a dynamic blood vessel image based on a projection technique according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 'unit' includes a unit realized by hardware, a unit realized by software, and a unit realized by both.
  • one unit may be realized using two or more pieces of hardware, and two or more units may be realized by one piece of hardware.
  • ' ⁇ ' is not limited to software or hardware, and ' ⁇ ' may be configured to be in an addressable storage medium or may be configured to reproduce one or more processors.
  • ' ⁇ ' means components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components, and task components, and processes, functions, properties, procedures, and the like. Subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuits, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables.
  • the functionality provided within the components and the 'parts' may be combined into a smaller number of components and the 'parts' or further separated into additional components and the 'parts'.
  • the components and ' ⁇ ' may be implemented to play one or more CPUs in the device or secure multimedia card.
  • the dynamic blood vessel image acquisition device 10 may refer to a magnetic resonance image processing device.
  • the apparatus for acquiring dynamic blood vessel image 10 includes a magnetic resonance apparatus 100, a signal transceiver 200, a signal processor 300, an image output unit 400, a controller 500, and a user interface 600.
  • the magnetic resonance apparatus 100 includes a shield having a cylindrical structure surrounding a subject to be photographed, a main magnet provided in the shield, a gradient coil, an RF coil, and the like.
  • Main magnets, gradient coils, RF coils, etc. generate a magnetic field for inducing magnetic resonance signals from atomic nuclei in the human body.
  • the gradient coil generates a gradient magnetic field that changes in a constant gradient with respect to a plurality of directions, for example, the x, y and z directions, respectively, in proportion to the distance from the reference position in the static field generated by the main magnet. do.
  • the reference position may be the origin of the three-dimensional coordinate system when representing the space in which the static magnetic field generated by the main magnet exists in the three-dimensional coordinate system.
  • each of the magnetic resonance signals received through the RF coil has location information in three-dimensional space.
  • the gradient coil may be composed of an X gradient coil for generating a gradient magnetic field changing in the x direction, a Y gradient coil for generating a gradient magnetic field changing in the y direction, and a Z gradient coil for generating a gradient magnetic field changing in the z direction.
  • the RF coil outputs an electromagnetic signal having a radio frequency corresponding to this kind of nuclear nucleus in order to transition the nucleus from the low energy state to the high energy state.
  • the RF coil receives an electromagnetic wave signal radiated from atomic nuclei inside the subject, and the received electromagnetic wave signal is called a free induction decay (FID) signal or an echo signal.
  • FID free induction decay
  • the length of the interval from the time of applying the electromagnetic signal to the subject that is, from the time of generating the electromagnetic signal to the time of receiving the electromagnetic signal from the subject, is called echo time (TE),
  • TE echo time
  • TR repetition time
  • the signal transmitter / receiver 200 generates an AC signal whose frequency varies with a predetermined slope with respect to each of the x, y, and z directions according to a control signal input from the controller 500, and outputs the alternating current signal to the gradient coil.
  • an AC signal having a pulse train is generated according to the control signal input from the control unit 500 and output to the RF coil.
  • the signal transceiver 200 receives a magnetic resonance signal received through the RF coil.
  • the magnetic resonance signal received as described above is transmitted to the signal processor 300, and the signal processor 300 generates a magnetic resonance image by using the same.
  • the signal processor 300 obtains a dynamic blood vessel image based on information obtained through the spin echo signal and the gradient echo signal.
  • the signal processor 300 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention does not use a subtraction method between reference data before contrast agent injection and dynamic data after contrast agent injection, and acquires a dynamic blood vessel image based on a projection technique to move a subject (ie, a patient). However, it is characterized by removing noise and unnecessary data due to the conventional method. This will be described in detail later.
  • the image output unit 400 outputs the dynamic blood vessel image acquired through the signal processor 300 through a display.
  • the controller 500 controls the operations of the magnetic resonance apparatus 100, the signal transceiver 200, the signal processor 300, and the image output unit 400 according to a command input from a user through the user interface 600. do.
  • the signal transceiver 200 controls the gradient coil and the RF coil to output an AC signal, or the magnetic resonance signal received through the RF coil is transmitted to the signal processor 300 through the signal transceiver 200. Control to be delivered.
  • the user interface 600 receives a command from the user and transmits the command to the controller 500.
  • the user interface 600 may be implemented as a graphic user interface program and an input device, such as a keyboard and a mouse, but is not limited thereto.
  • the signal processor 300 may be configured to include a memory in which a program for obtaining a dynamic blood vessel image based on a projection technique and a processor for executing the program.
  • the processor may perform various functions through sub-modules according to the execution of a program stored in a memory.
  • the sub-modules may include full image data acquisition unit 310, background image data separation unit 320, and dynamic vascular image data acquisition unit. 330, the full image data updater 340, and the dynamic vascular image configurer 350.
  • the entire image data acquisition unit 310 receives a magnetic resonance signal from the RF coil, before the contrast agent is injected into the subject, and obtains the entire image data based on this.
  • the whole image data refers to dynamic image data acquired during the entire time of examining the subject, and includes both the dynamic image data before and after the contrast agent is injected into the subject.
  • the entire image data acquisition unit 310 obtains a plurality of frame data along a time axis by sampling a magnetic resonance signal.
  • the sampling method may be any number of methods, but any method may be adopted, and is not limited to any one method.
  • frame data may be randomly acquired along the spatial domain through variable density random undersampling or golden angle jitter radial sampling, and the like, and frame data may be randomly obtained in the direction of the time domain.
  • each frame data is obtained in each three-dimensional Cartesian space, and is obtained for each time a subject is photographed, and thus, the entire plurality of frame data has a characteristic of four-dimensional data.
  • the entire image data acquisition unit 310 may acquire the entire image data by converting the entire frame data into data on the image domain.
  • undersampling may be performed in the Cartesian space, but may be performed in any k-space, such as radial or helical.
  • the entire image data may be expressed as a matrix as shown in Equation (1).
  • x (r, t) means frame data obtained at r position and t time.
  • the whole image data acquisition unit 310 may reconstruct each frame data by sharing high frequency data between adjacent frame data in time.
  • the reason for undersampling in the process of acquiring frame data is that when the number of acquired data is too large, the data acquisition time is increased and the resolution of the data on the time axis is decreased.
  • frame data is obtained based on a small number of data by undersampling, it is difficult to derive a high resolution image in space. In order to solve this problem, each frame data may be reconstructed through data sharing.
  • high frequency data over a preset frequency range is extracted from neighboring frame data acquired at an adjacent time, based on current frame data acquired at the current time.
  • the present frame data can be reconstructed by combining the extracted high frequency data with the entire low frequency and high frequency data of the current frame data on the assumption that the high frequency data of each frame data is almost similar to the high frequency data of the adjacent frame data of adjacent time. have. In this manner, data sharing may be performed for each frame data to reconstruct each frame data.
  • the data obtained through the simple undersampling method according to the prior art lacks the number of data as much empty space is noticeable.
  • FIG. 3B it can be seen that the data is formed in such a way that the empty space is hardly noticeable.
  • the background image data separator 320 may separate the background image data from the entire image data by projecting the entire image data into a unique space related to the background image.
  • the background image data is composed of the static background image data and the dynamic background image data.
  • the static background image means the background image of the blood vessel in the static state before the contrast agent is injected into the body of the subject
  • the dynamic background image is the contrast agent. Refers to a blood vessel background image which is dynamically moved by the subject's movement among the images obtained after being injected into the body of the subject.
  • the entire image data may be defined as in Equation 2.
  • X denotes a matrix of all image data represented by Equation 1
  • L denotes a matrix of static background image data
  • SM denotes a matrix of dynamic background image data
  • SD denotes a matrix of dynamic blood vessel image data.
  • the matrix means N, and noise means noise.
  • the background image data separator 320 detects the static background projection matrix and the dynamic background projection matrix to project the entire image data into the first eigenspace for the static background image and the second eigenspace for the dynamic background image.
  • the first and second eigenspaces are virtual spaces defined from frame data before the contrast agent enters the subject among a plurality of three-dimensional frame data collected to acquire the entire image data.
  • each projection matrix may be referred to as a parameter for projecting each unique space.
  • the background image data separator 320 may obtain a static background projection matrix by applying a principal component analysis to data before the contrast agent is injected into the subject.
  • the background image data separator 320 obtains an average value of the data before the contrast medium used to obtain the static background projection matrix, subtracts the average value from each data, and analyzes the principal components of the subtracted data.
  • the dynamic background projection matrix can be obtained by applying the technique.
  • the background image data separator 320 separates the static background image data and the dynamic background image data from the whole image data by applying the static background projection matrix and the dynamic background projection matrix to the entire image data.
  • the static background image data and the dynamic background image data may be separated through Equation 3.
  • PB means a static background projection matrix
  • PM means a dynamic background projection matrix
  • S is a sparse component in which the static background image data matrix (L) is removed from the whole image data matrix (X).
  • the static background image data can be extracted by performing a calculation by applying the static background projection matrix as a parameter to the entire image data. Subsequently, when the dynamic background projection matrix is applied to a matrix obtained by subtracting the static background image data from the whole image data, the dynamic background image data may be extracted. In this case, when the dynamic background image data is separated from the entire image data, unnecessary data due to the movement of the subject may be removed.
  • the dynamic vascular image data acquisition unit 330 may acquire dynamic vascular image data from the remaining data from which the background image data is separated from the entire image data.
  • the dynamic blood vessel image data may be obtained by removing noise from the remaining data through sparse space or restoring the remaining data by using a compression sensing image technique.
  • the whole image data updating unit 340 linearly combines the acquired static background image data, the dynamic background image data, and the dynamic blood vessel image data to update the whole image data. Specifically, the static background image data, the dynamic background image data, and the dynamic blood vessel image data are combined based on Equation 2.
  • Equation 2 is expressed based on Equation 3
  • Equation 4 the entire image data to be updated is represented by Equation 4 and Equation 4.
  • the operation of the background image data separator 320, the dynamic blood vessel image data acquirer 330, and the whole image data update unit 340 may be repeatedly performed. Can be.
  • the iterative process may be performed until the relative distance between the dynamic vascular image of the previous step and the dynamic vascular image of the current step converges to a predetermined distance or less.
  • the iterative process may be performed until the relative distance between the vector value of the dynamic vascular image data of the current stage and the vector value of the dynamic vascular image data of the previous stage becomes less than or equal to a preset value.
  • the dynamic blood vessel imaging unit 350 may construct a dynamic blood vessel image from the finally determined dynamic blood vessel image data.
  • the generated dynamic blood vessel image may be output to the image output unit 400 and provided to the user.
  • Dynamic vascular image acquisition method according to an embodiment of the present invention is operated by the processor of the signal processing unit 300 of the dynamic vascular image acquisition apparatus 10 described above, even if omitted below replaced with the above description Do it.
  • the dynamic blood vessel image acquisition apparatus 10 obtains a plurality of frame data by sampling a signal received from a coil (S410).
  • Each frame data is data obtained in three-dimensional Cartesian or arbitrary k-space, and has four-dimensional information since it is acquired along the time axis.
  • the dynamic blood vessel image acquisition apparatus 10 may selectively reconstruct each frame data through a method of reconstructing current frame data through sharing between current and neighboring frame data (S420). This data sharing can improve temporal and spatial resolution.
  • the dynamic blood vessel image acquisition apparatus 10 may acquire the entire image data based on the frame data (S430).
  • the dynamic blood vessel image acquisition apparatus 10 projects the entire image data into a unique space representing the background image, and separates the background image data from the entire image data (S440). Specifically, the static background image data and the dynamic background image data may be separated from the entire image data by projecting the entire image data into the first and second eigenspaces constituting the 3D image that is the basis of frame data acquisition.
  • the dynamic vascular image acquisition apparatus 10 obtains dynamic vascular image data from the remaining total image data (S450).
  • the apparatus for acquiring dynamic blood vessel images may update the entire image data based on the static background image data, the dynamic background image data, and the dynamic blood vessel image data (S460).
  • the dynamic blood vessel image acquisition apparatus 10 may construct a dynamic blood vessel image based on the finally determined dynamic blood vessel image data, and transmit the dynamic blood vessel image to the image output unit 400 (S480).
  • Projection-based dynamic blood vessel image acquisition device and method is to project the dynamic data obtained after the contrast agent is injected to the three-dimensional data obtained before the contrast agent is injected into the subject body
  • the static background of the subject and the dynamic background due to the movement of the subject may be removed at the same time, so that only a blood vessel image through which the contrast agent flows may be obtained.
  • the subtraction method according to the prior art can be omitted, thereby eliminating unnecessary data artifacts or noise amplification caused by the movement of the subject.
  • spatial and temporal resolution of the dynamic blood vessel image can be increased, and structural blurring of blood vessels can be suppressed.
  • Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media.
  • Computer readable media may include both computer storage media and communication media.
  • Computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data.
  • Communication media typically includes computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave, or other transmission mechanism, and includes any information delivery media.

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Abstract

Un mode de réalisation de la présente invention concerne un procédé permettant d'obtenir une image de vaisseau sanguin dynamique, basé sur une technique de projection, mis en œuvre par un appareil de traitement d'une image de résonance magnétique, qui comprend les étapes consistant à : (a) obtenir des données sur une pluralité de trames par échantillonnage de signaux reçus depuis une bobine dans l'appareil de traitement d'une image de résonance magnétique, et obtenir des données d'image d'un sujet à examiner basées sur les données sur la pluralité de trames ; (b) séparer, à partir des données d'image entière, des données sur une image d'arrière-plan statique des vaisseaux sanguins avant injection d'un agent de contraste dans les vaisseaux sanguins du sujet à examiner, et des données sur une image d'arrière-plan statique de vaisseaux sanguins après injection de l'agent de contraste dans les vaisseaux sanguins du sujet à examiner ; (c) obtenir des données d'image de vaisseau sanguin dynamique relatives à une image de vaisseaux sanguins dans lequel l'agent de contraste s'est écoulé, basées sur les données d'image entière à partir desquelles les données sur l'image d'arrière-plan statique et les données sur l'image d'arrière-plan dynamique ont été séparées ; et (d) composer une image de vaisseau sanguin dynamique basée sur les données sur l'image de vaisseau sanguin dynamique.
PCT/KR2016/007458 2015-07-09 2016-07-08 Procédé et appareil permettant d'obtenir une image de vaisseau sanguin dynamique basés sur une technique de projection WO2017007284A1 (fr)

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