WO2016201604A1 - 成像装置 - Google Patents

成像装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016201604A1
WO2016201604A1 PCT/CN2015/081462 CN2015081462W WO2016201604A1 WO 2016201604 A1 WO2016201604 A1 WO 2016201604A1 CN 2015081462 W CN2015081462 W CN 2015081462W WO 2016201604 A1 WO2016201604 A1 WO 2016201604A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
imaging
optical lens
concentric spherical
optical
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PCT/CN2015/081462
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李明锁
周拥军
王栋
黄涛
肖冰
沈淑梅
Original Assignee
中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所
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Application filed by 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 filed Critical 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所
Priority to PCT/CN2015/081462 priority Critical patent/WO2016201604A1/zh
Priority to CN201580080962.5A priority patent/CN107850775B/zh
Publication of WO2016201604A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016201604A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wide-angle high-definition imaging, and more particularly to an imaging device and an imaging system mounted on an aircraft or a car.
  • the higher resolution of the optical camera ensures better image fidelity and measurement accuracy for target detection, recognition and tracking.
  • a common method at present is to achieve splicing of sensors.
  • the small single-lens astronomical spacecraft JMAPS the focal plane imaging component is a 2 ⁇ 2 sensor combination, and the overall resolution of the imaging component is 8k ⁇ 8k.
  • the use of multiple cameras and high-resolution images through image stitching is another widely used technique, and has gained more applications in terrestrial imaging systems.
  • the Automatic Real-Time Ground Continuous Surveillance Imaging System (ARGUS-IS) equipped with the aviary on the VT, can monitor the dynamics of any corner of the ground in real time. Due to the symmetry of the incident light, the concentric spherical optical system can ensure a large observation field of view even at a higher resolution.
  • ARGUS-IS Automatic Real-Time Ground Continuous Surveillance Imaging System
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a prior art AWARE system.
  • the concentric spherical portion corresponding to the local field of view 5 images the corresponding object on the image plane 4 .
  • the non-sensing surface of the detector may cause partial field of view after imaging to be missing. Therefore, the secondary image plane is imaged twice on the photosensitive surface of the detector 3 by the relay optical component 2, and the field curvature and field of view missing problems are solved.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an image forming apparatus, an image forming system mounted on an airplane or an automobile, which is compact in structure, small in size, and light in weight.
  • an imaging apparatus comprising: N concentric spherical optical lens groups, each of the optical lens groups imaging the same observation target to form N first optical images, N being greater than 1 a natural number; and M imaging detectors disposed on an imaging side of the concentric spherical optical lens group, each of the imaging detectors acquiring a partial image of a different portion of the first optical image, and the partial image
  • the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal, and M is a natural number greater than one.
  • the present invention also provides an imaging apparatus comprising: N concentric spherical optical lens groups, each of the concentric spherical optical lens groups imaging the same target field to form N first lights Learning images, at least 50% of the images between the N first optical images are identical, N is a natural number greater than 1; and M imaging detectors are disposed on the imaging side of the concentric spherical optical lens group, each And the image detectors acquire partial images of different parts of the first optical image, and the sum of the stitches of the partial images acquired by the M imaging detectors at least comprise the same at least 50% of the first optical images, wherein M is a natural number greater than one.
  • the image forming apparatus of the foregoing further comprising: M image correcting mirrors disposed on an imaging side of the concentric spherical optical lens group, between the concentric spherical optical lens group and the imaging detector, for the first The optical image is subjected to image quality correction, and the image quality corrected first optical image is supplied to the imaging detector.
  • the first optical image formed by the concentric spherical optical lens group is elongated.
  • the aforementioned image forming apparatus further includes: a mechanical mechanism for fixing and protecting the concentric spherical optical lens group, the imaging detector, and the image correcting mirror.
  • the foregoing imaging apparatus further includes: an angle adjustment mechanism that adjusts an angle between the N concentric spherical optical lens groups such that each concentric spherical optical lens group images the same observation target.
  • the image forming apparatus further includes: an image processing system, connected to the M imaging detector signals, receiving an electrical signal converted by the imaging detector, performing image non-uniformity correction, image distortion correction, image stitching, Image storage, image compression and/or image display.
  • an image processing system connected to the M imaging detector signals, receiving an electrical signal converted by the imaging detector, performing image non-uniformity correction, image distortion correction, image stitching, Image storage, image compression and/or image display.
  • the concentric spherical optical lens group includes four flat rows of spherical lenses having the same center of the sphere.
  • the imaging detector is a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) photosensitive element or a charge coupled device (CCD) photosensitive element.
  • CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
  • CCD charge coupled device
  • the imaging detector is a visible light imaging detector, an infrared imaging detector, a low light imaging detector, an ultraviolet imaging detector, a terahertz image detector, or a combination thereof.
  • the present invention further provides an imaging system mounted on an aircraft or a car, comprising: the aforementioned imaging device.
  • the present invention additionally provides a multi-spectral imaging system comprising: the imaging device previously described.
  • an imaging method comprising: a plurality of concentric spherical optical components performing the same field of view imaging on an observation target to obtain a first optical image; and a plurality of image correction mirrors performing an image on the first optical image Quality correction, obtaining a second optical image, wherein the image quality correction comprises field curvature correction; the plurality of imaging detectors acquiring the second optical image and converting the optical signal of the second optical image into an electrical signal; wherein the image correcting mirror
  • the imaging detectors are disposed in pairs on the imaging side of each concentric spherical optical component, the planes of the plurality of concentric spherical optical components are parallel, and the image correcting mirror and the imaging detector disposed on the imaging side of each of the concentric spherical optical components, and the phase An image correcting mirror and an imaging detector disposed on the imaging side of the adjacent concentric spherical optical component are interleaved and complementary Arranged so that the second optical image is a complete
  • the imaging device provided by the present invention has at least the following advantages:
  • the imaging device of the present invention adopts superposition of a plurality of concentric spherical optical lens groups, and does not require secondary imaging of a subsequent relay system, thereby realizing large-field high-resolution imaging, and has a compact structure compared with the existing imaging method. Small size, light weight, easy assembly and adjustment.
  • the concentric spherical optical lens group is relatively fixed at the position of the imaging detector, the subsequent software and hardware processing system is relatively simple, and the multi-spectral imaging can be conveniently realized.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a prior art AWARE system.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic view of a narrow field of view of a first exemplary embodiment of an image forming apparatus of the present invention.
  • 2B is a schematic view of a wide field of view of a first exemplary embodiment of an image forming apparatus of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of the ingestion of an observation target at a narrow field of view angle for a first exemplary embodiment of an imaging device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the superposition of a first optical image of the first exemplary embodiment of the image forming apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a second illustrative embodiment of an imaging device of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a third exemplary embodiment of the image forming apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of the concentric spherical optical lens unit of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the mounting position of the concentric spherical optical lens group, the field curvature correcting mirror and the detector of Figure 6.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the relative positions of the concentric spherical optical lens group, the field curvature correcting mirror and the detector of Figure 6.
  • Figure 10A is a full field of view image observed by the imaging device of Figure 6;
  • Figure 10B is a field of view image observed by the upper portion assembly of the imaging device of Figure 6.
  • Figure 11C is a field of view image observed through the lower portion of the imaging device of Figure 6.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing a fourth exemplary embodiment of the image forming apparatus of the present invention.
  • the invention provides an imaging apparatus comprising: N concentric spherical optical lens groups and M imaging detectors.
  • the concentric spherical optical lens group performs the same field of view imaging on the observation target to form N
  • the first optical image wherein the images of at least 50% of the N first optical images are the same, and N is a natural number greater than 1.
  • the imaging detectors are disposed on an imaging side of the concentric spherical optical lens group, each of the imaging detectors acquiring a partial image of a different portion of the first optical image, and the portion acquired by the M imaging detectors
  • the sum of the stitches of the image comprises at least the same at least 50% of the first optical image, where M is a natural number greater than one.
  • the image between the N first optical images may be at least 60% to 100%
  • FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are respectively a schematic view of a narrow field of view of the first exemplary embodiment of the imaging device of the present invention, a schematic diagram of a wide field of view, and a schematic diagram of acquiring an observation target in a narrow field of view.
  • the imaging apparatus 100 of the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 2A to 4 is illustrated by two concentric spherical optical lens groups 1 and three imaging detectors 3, wherein the field of view of the concentric spherical optical lens group 1 is illustrated. 30° ⁇ 10°, the field of view of the imaging detector 3 is 10° ⁇ 10°
  • the two concentric spherical optical lens groups 1 are disposed adjacent to each other, and the left concentric spherical optical lens group 1 images the observation target S to form a first optical image TL (solid line in FIG. 4), and the first optical image TL is elongated There is a wide section F corresponding to a 30° wide field of view and a narrow section Q corresponding to a 10° direction of a narrow field of view.
  • the right concentric spherical optical lens group 1 images the observation target S to form a first optical image TR, and the first optical image TR (dashed line in FIG. 4) is elongated, and has a wide segment F corresponding to a wide field of view of 30°.
  • the first optical image TL coincides with the first optical image TR, the wide segment F, and the narrow segment Q is partially misaligned, and the misalignment distance is the distance between the two concentric spherical optical lens groups 1.
  • the first optical image TL and the first optical image TR overlap at least 50%. In other embodiments, it may be at least 55%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 83%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%. Coincident, or 100% overlap.
  • Another imaging detector 3 is disposed on the imaging side of the right concentric spherical optical lens group 1, and the right concentric spherical optical lens group 1 is taken to form a partial image of the intermediate 10° portion of the first optical image TR.
  • the sum of the partial image stitches acquired by the three imaging detectors 3 includes the first optical image TL and the first optical image TR coincident portion.
  • the imaging device 100 described in the present invention is particularly suitable for an environment in which the distance from the lens to the observation target is relatively long, for example, a shooting or imaging environment of the earth surface at a height of 15,000 meters, but is not limited thereto.
  • the distance from the lens to the observation target can be more than 30 meters, for example, 300 meters, 500 meters, 700 meters, 1300 meters, 3000 meters, 4000 meters, 8000 meters, 10,000 meters, 15,000 meters, 20,000 meters, 35,000 or 30 meters to 35,000. Rice and so on.
  • the spacing between the concentric spherical optical lens groups 1 is generally within 0.5 m, which is much smaller than the distance H from the lens to the observation target. Concentric spherical optics
  • the field of view of the lens group 1 is approximately viewed as the same field of view.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the imaging device 100 of the present invention.
  • the image forming apparatus 100 of the present embodiment is different from the foregoing first embodiment in that the angle adjusting structure 30 is further adjusted to adjust the angle of the concentric spherical optical lens group 1 such that the first optical formed by each of the concentric spherical optical lens groups 1 is formed.
  • the images are the same, or the same observation target is imaged.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the imaging device 100 of the present invention.
  • the imaging apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes: two concentric spherical optical lens groups 1, six imaging detectors 3, six sets of field curvature correcting mirrors 6 for image quality correction, and a fixing frame 7 for optical component mounting and fixing.
  • the above concentric spherical optical lens group 1 is composed of four spherical mirror systems, and the inner and outer four lenses have eight effective optical surfaces, among which the other six planes except the inner two lenses are six.
  • the spherical surfaces are concentric, and the radius of curvature of the six spherical surfaces may be the same or different;
  • the concentric spherical optical lens group 1 has a flat structure, and the light incident surface R is a partial spherical surface having a wide field of view and a narrow field of view.
  • a field curvature correcting mirror 6 is disposed between the concentric spherical optical lens group 1 and the imaging detector 3 described above.
  • the concentric spherical optical lens group 1 can image the target to obtain an optical image of about 60°*10° field of view, and the field curvature correcting mirror 6 can perform image quality correction, especially field curvature correction, and can correct clear optical images after correction.
  • the photosensitive surface of each imaging detector 3 corresponds to a square field of view of about 10°, and the three sets of field curvature correcting mirrors 6 and the optical axis of the detector 3 are arranged at intervals of 9.5 degrees.
  • the above two concentric spherical optical lens groups 1 are placed in parallel, and the optical axes of the central fields of view are deflected by 9.5 degrees. Since the upper and lower layers of the concentric spherical optical lens group 1 are placed in parallel, and the distance between the two is small relative to the shooting distance, the approximate two can image the same field of view. If the full field of view image is as shown in FIG. 10A, in this case, the optical image acquired by the upper concentric spherical optical lens group 1 is as shown in FIG. 10B, and the optical acquired by the lower concentric spherical optical lens group 1 is obtained. The image is as shown in FIG. 10C, and the image data on the six imaging detectors 3 is processed by subsequent image stitching to obtain a complete image as shown in FIG. 10A.
  • the above-described fixing frame 7 is mainly used for fixing and protecting the concentric spherical optical lens group 1, the field curvature correcting mirror 6, and the imaging detector 3.
  • the image processing system 9 described above mainly comprises a hardware circuit and corresponding processing software.
  • the image processing system 9 receives the image data of the detector 6 for preprocessing, image stitching, compression, display and other image processing.
  • the above-mentioned single detector 3 has a field of view of 10° square field of view, and can realize a field of view of 60°*10° after splicing, and the resolution is up to 3000 meters to the ground of 0.1 meters.
  • the detector 3 can use a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) photosensitive element or a charge coupled device (CCD) photosensitive element.
  • CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
  • CCD charge coupled device
  • Detector 3 also A spectral imaging detector such as a visible light spectrum imaging detector, an infrared spectral imaging detector, a low-light spectral imaging detector, or an ultraviolet spectral imaging detector can be used.
  • the present invention also provides an aircraft or vehicle-mounted imaging system including the aforementioned imaging device 100.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the imaging apparatus 100 of the present invention.
  • the imaging device 100 of the present embodiment includes two sets of visible light concentric spherical optical lens groups 10 and two sets of infrared light concentric spherical optical lens groups 11; visible light concentric spherical optical lens groups 10 are provided with visible field curvature correcting mirrors and visible light imaging detection
  • the infrared light concentric spherical optical lens group 11 is provided with an infrared field curvature correcting mirror and an infrared light imaging detector 13 on the imaging side. Since the two sets of concentric spherical optical lens groups 10 and 11 are placed adjacent to each other, the distance between them is much smaller than the shooting distance.
  • the visible light and the infrared imaging system still approximate the same field of view, and the software and hardware processing system 9 can be conveniently implemented.
  • Multi-spectral imaging of viewing angles compensates for the limited defects of single spectral information.
  • visible light and infrared it can be, but is not limited to, multi-spectral imaging such as ultraviolet light, low light, and terahertz.
  • the imaging device 100 of the present invention uses a plurality of concentric spherical optical lens groups and a plurality of imaging detectors to compensate for the lack of field of view in the non-photosensitive area of the detector edge, thereby having a compact structure, high resolution, large field of view, and field of view. Complete, small system, light weight and so on.

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Abstract

一种成像装置，其包括：N个同心球面光学透镜组（1），每一个光学透镜组（1）对同一观测目标（S）进行成像，形成N个第一光学图像，N为大于1的自然数；以及M个成像探测器（3），设置在同心球面光学透镜组（1）的成像侧，每个成像探测器（3）获取第一光学图像的不同部位的部分图像，并将部分图像的光信号转化为电信号，M为大于1的自然数。这种成像装置，结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻、容易装配调整。

Description

成像装置 技术领域
本发明涉及广角高清成像领域，特别是涉及一种成像装置及搭载于飞机或汽车的成像系统。
背景技术
光学相机较高的分辨率能够保证在目标探测、识别和跟踪时实现较好的图像逼真度和测量精度。为了实现较高的分辨率，目前一种常用方法是实现传感器的拼接。例如，小型单镜头天文测量航天器JMAPS，焦平面成像部件为2×2传感器组合，成像部件的整体分辨率为8k×8k。采用多个相机并通过图像拼接技术实现高分辨率图像是另一个应用较广的技术，在地面成像系统中得到了较多应用。在垂直起降的无人飞机“蜂鸟”上面配备的“自动实时地面持续监控影像系统”(ARGUS-IS)，可以实时监控地面上任何一个角落的动态。同心球面光学系统由于入射光线的对称性，能够在实现较高分辨率的情况下，还能够保证大的观测视场。
图1是现有技术的AWARE系统的光路示意图，如图1所示，由于同心面光学系统的球心对称性，局部视场5对应的同心球面部分将对应的物体成像在一次像面4上。由于一次像面处场曲较大，且探测器相邻摆放时，探测器非感光面会导致成像后的部分视场缺失。因此，采用中继光学组件2将一次像面二次成像在探测器3的光敏面上，同时解决场曲和视场缺失问题。基于同心球面和中继镜的成像系统，由于中继光路的存在，系统体积较大，且由于球面光学系统的对称性要求，所有中继光路的光轴必须过球心，系统装调难度大。
发明内容
有鉴于上述现有技术所存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于，提供一种成像装置、搭载于飞机或汽车的成像系统，使其结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种成像装置，其包括：N个同心球面光学透镜组，每一个该光学透镜组对同一观测目标进行成像，形成N个第一光学图像，N为大于1的自然数；以及M个成像探测器，设置在所述同心球面光学透镜组的成像侧，每个所述成像探测器获取所述第一光学图像的不同部位的部分图像，并将所述部分图像的光信号转化为电信号，M为大于1的自然数。
本发明还提供一种成像装置，其包括：N个同心球面光学透镜组，每一个该同心球面光学透镜组对观测目标进行同一视场成像，形成N个第一光 学图像，所述N个第一光学图像之间至少有50％部位的图像相同，N为大于1的自然数；以及M个成像探测器，设置在所述同心球面光学透镜组的成像侧，每个所述成像探测器获取所述第一光学图像的不同部位的部分图像，所述M个成像探测器获取的部分图像的拼接之和至少包含所述相同的至少50％第一光学图像，其中M为大于1的自然数。
前述的成像装置，其还包括：M个图像校正镜，设置在所述同心球面光学透镜组的成像侧，位于所述同心球面光学透镜组与所述成像探测器之间，对所述第一光学图像进行像质校正，并将像质校正后的第一光学图像提供给成像探测器。
前述的成像装置，其中所述的同心球面光学透镜组形成的第一光学图像为长条形。
前述的成像装置，其还包括：机械机构，用于固定和保护所述同心球面光学透镜组、所述成像探测器及所述图像校正镜。
前述的成像装置，其还包括：角度调整机构，调整所述N个同心球面光学透镜组之间的夹角，以使每个同心球面光学透镜组对同一观测目标成像。
前述的成像装置，其还包括：图像处理系统，与所述的M个成像探测器信号连接，接收所述的成像探测器转化的电信号，进行图像非均匀校正、图像畸变校正、图像拼接、图像存储、图像压缩及/或图像显示。
前述的成像装置，所述同心球面光学透镜组包括四个具有相同球心的扁平行的球面透镜。
前述的成像装置，所述成像探测器为互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)光敏元件或电荷耦合器(CCD)光敏元件。
前述的成像装置，所述成像探测器为可见光成像探测器、红外线成像探测器、微光成像探测器、紫外线成像探测器、太赫兹像探测器或其组合。
本发明另外还提供一种搭载于飞机或汽车的成像系统，其包括：前所述成像装置。
本发明另外还提供一种多光谱成像系统，其包括：前所述成像装置。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种成像方法，包括：多个同心球面光学组件对观测目标进行同一视场成像，得到第一光学图像；多个图像校正镜对第一光学图像进行像质校正，得到第二光学图像，其中，像质校正包括场曲校正；多个成像探测器获取第二光学图像，并将第二光学图像的光信号转化为电信号；其中，图像校正镜与成像探测器成对设置在每个同心球面光学组件的成像侧，多个同心球面光学组件所在平面是平行的，每个同心球面光学组件的成像侧设置的图像校正镜和成像探测器，与相邻的同心球面光学组件的成像侧设置的图像校正镜和成像探测器是交错互补 排列的，以使第二光学图像是完整图像。
本发明与现有技术相比具有明显的优点和有益效果。借由上述技术方案,本发明提供的成像装置，至少具有下列优点：
一、本发明的成像装置，采用多个同心球面光学透镜组的叠加，无需后续中继系统二次成像，实现了大视场高分辨率成像，相比现有的成像方式，具有结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻、容易装配和调整等优点。
二、本发明的成像装置，同心球面光学透镜组于成像探测器位置相对固定，后续软硬件处理系统相对简单，而且可方便地实现多光谱成像。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的AWARE系统的光路示意图。
图2A是本发明成像装置第一示意性实施例的窄视场侧示意图。
图2B是本发明成像装置第一示意性实施例的宽视场侧示意图
图3是本发明成像装置第一示意性实施例的在窄视场角度下摄取观测目标的示意图。
图4是本发明成像装置第一示意性实施例的第一光学图像的重合示意图。
图5是本发明成像装置第二示意性实施例的示意图。
图6是本发明成像装置第三示意性实施例的结构示意图。
图7是图6中同心球面光学透镜组的结构示意图；
图8是图6中同心球面光学透镜组、场曲校正镜和探测器的安装位置示意图。
图9是图6中同心球面光学透镜组、场曲校正镜和探测器的相对位置示意图。
图10A是通过图6所示成像装置观测到的全视场图像；
图10B是通过图6所示成像装置的上部部分组件观测到的视场图像。
图11C是通过图6所示成像装置的下部分组件观测到的视场图像。
图11是本发明成像装置第四示意性实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效,以下结合附图及较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的成像装置、搭载于飞机或汽车的成像系统的具体实施方式、步骤、结构、特征及其功效详细说明。
本发明提出一种成像装置，其包括：N个同心球面光学透镜组和M个成像探测器。该同心球面光学透镜组对观测目标进行同一视场成像，形成N 个第一光学图像，所述的N个第一光学图像之间至少有50％部位的图像相同，N为大于1的自然数。所述成像探测器，设置在所述同心球面光学透镜组的成像侧，每个所述成像探测器获取所述第一光学图像的不同部位的部分图像，所述M个成像探测器获取的部分图像的拼接之和至少包含所述相同的至少50％第一光学图像，其中M为大于1的自然数。所述的N个第一光学图像之间图像相同至少可以是60％～100％
请参阅图2A、图2B、图3及图4所示，分别是本发明成像装置第一示意性实施例的窄视场侧示意图、宽视场侧示意图、窄视场下获取观测目标的示意图、第一光学图像的重合示意图。
为便于说明，图2A至图4中的示意性实施例的成像装置100，以两个同心球面光学透镜组1及三个成像探测器3加以说明，其中，同心球面光学透镜组1的视场为30°×10°，成像探测器3的视场为10°×10°
上述的两个同心球面光学透镜组1相邻设置，左侧同心球面光学透镜组1对观测目标S成像，形成第一光学图像TL(图4实线),第一光学图像TL为长条形，具有对应宽视场30°方向的宽幅段F和对应窄视场10°方向的窄幅段Q。右侧同心球面光学透镜组1对观测目标S成像，形成第一光学图像TR，第一光学图像TR(图4虚线)框为长条形，具有对应宽视场30°方向的宽幅段F和对应窄视场10°方向的窄幅段Q。所述的第一光学图像TL与第一光学图像TR，宽幅段F重合，窄幅段Q有部分错位，错位距离为两个同心球面光学透镜组1之间的间距。本实施例中，第一光学图像TL与第一光学图像TR至少有50％部位重合。其他实施例中，可以是至少55％、60％、70％、75％、80％、83％、85％、87％、90％、95％、96％、97％、98％、99％部位重合，或者100％部位重合。
上述的三个成像探测器3，其中两个成像探测器3设置在左侧同心球面光学透镜组1的成像侧，所述两个成像探测器3获取左侧同心球面光学透镜组1形成第一光学图像TL的宽幅段F左端10°部位的部分图像，右端10°部位的部分图像。另一个成像探测器3设置在右侧同心球面光学透镜组1的成像侧，获取右侧同心球面光学透镜组1形成第一光学图像TR的中间10°部位的部分图像。这三个成像探测器3获取的部分图像拼接之和包含第一光学图像TL和第一光学图像TR重合部分。
本案所述的成像装置100，特别适用于镜头到观察目标的距离较为长的环境，例如在15000米高空中对地球表面的拍摄或摄像环境，但并不以此为限。镜头到观察目标的距离可在30米以上，例如，300米、500米、700米、1300米、3000米、4000米、8000米、10000米、15000米、20000米、35000或者30米至35000米等等。而各同心球面光学透镜组1之间的间距一般在0.5米以内,远小于镜头到观察目标的距离H。因此各同心球面光学 透镜组1的视场近似的看成同一视场。
请参阅图5所示，是本发明成像装置100第二实施例的示意图。本实施例的成像装置100与前述的第一实施例相比，区别在于还包括，角度调整结构30，调整同心球面光学透镜组1的角度，使得各同心球面光学透镜组1形成的第一光学图像相同，或者对相同观测目标成像。
请参阅图6所示，是本发明成像装置100第三实施例的示意图。本实施例的成像装置100，包括：两个同心球面光学透镜组1，六个成像探测器3，用于像质校正的六组场曲校正镜6，用于光学部件安装固定的固定框架7，用于后续图像处理的软硬件系统9以及用于联接探测器与软硬件处理系统的线缆8。
请同时参阅图7所示，上述的同心球面光学透镜组1由四块球面镜系统组成,内外四个透镜有八个有效光学表面，其中除内层两个透镜的两个平面外，其他六个球面同心，该六个球面的曲率半径可以相同也可以不同；同心球面光学透镜组1呈扁平结构，入光面R为具有宽视场向和窄视场向的部分球面。
请同时参阅图8所示，上述的同心球面光学透镜组1和成像探测器3之间设置场曲校正镜6，本实例中有三组场曲校正镜6。同心球面光学透镜组1可以将目标成像获得约60°*10°视场的光学图像，场曲校正镜6可以进行像质校正，尤其是场曲的校正，校正后能够将清晰的光学图像投在成像探测器3的光敏面上。每个成像探测器3的光敏面对应约10°方视场，三组场曲校正镜6和探测器3光轴间隔9.5度排列。
请同时参阅图9所示，上述的两个同心球面光学透镜组1平行摆放，两者中心视场的光轴偏转9.5度。由于上下两层同心球面光学透镜组1平行摆放，且相对拍摄距离而言，两者之间的间距很小，近似的两者可以对同一视场成像。若所拍摄全视场图像如图10A所示，则在这样这种情况下，上层同心球面光学透镜组1获取到的光学图像如图10B所示，下层同心球面光学透镜组1获取到的光学图像则如图10C所示，六个成像探测器3上的图像数据经后续图像拼接处理后即可获得完整的如图10A所示的图像。
上述的固定框架7主要用于同心球面光学透镜组1、场曲校正镜6和成像探测器3的固定和保护。
上述的图像处理系统9，中其主要包含硬件电路和相应的处理软件，该图像处理系统9接收成探测器6的图像数据，进行预处理、图像拼接、压缩、显示及其他图像处理。
上述的单个探测器3视场为10°方视场，经拼接后可以实现60°*10°的视场，分辨率高达3000米对地0.1米。所述的探测器3可以使用互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)光敏元件或电荷耦合器(CCD)光敏元件。探测器3也 可以使用可见光光谱成像探测器、红外线光谱成像探测器、微光光谱成像探测器、紫外线光谱成像探测器等一类光谱成像探测器。
本发明还提供一种飞机或车辆搭载的成像系统，其包括前述的成像装置100。
请参阅图11所示，是本发明成像装置100第四实施例的示意图。本实施例的成像装置100包括，两组可见光同心球面光学透镜组10及两组红外光同心球面光学透镜组11；可见光同心球面光学透镜组10成像侧设置有可见光场曲校正镜和可见光成像探测器12；红外光同心球面光学透镜组11成像侧设置有红外场曲校正镜和红外光成像探测器13。由于，两套同心球面光学透镜组10、11相邻摆放，相互间间距远小于拍摄距离，因此，可见光和红外成像系统依然近似拍摄同一视场，配合软硬件处理系统9可以方便的实现全视角多光谱成像，弥补单一光谱信息有限的缺陷。除可见光和红外以外还可以但不仅限于紫外、微光、太赫兹等多光谱成像。
本发明的成像装置100,使用多个同心球面光学透镜组及多个成像探测器，可以弥补探测器边缘非感光区域的视场缺失，因此具有结构紧凑、分辨率高、视场大、视场完整、系统体积小、重量轻等优点。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然并非用以限定本发明实施的范围，依据本发明的权利要求书及说明内容所作的简单的等效变化与修饰，仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种成像装置，其特征在于,包括：
    N个同心球面光学透镜组，每一个该光学透镜组对同一观测目标进行成像，形成N个第一光学图像，N为大于1的自然数；以及
    M个成像探测器，设置在所述同心球面光学透镜组的成像侧，每个所述成像探测器获取所述第一光学图像的不同部位的部分图像，并将所述部分图像的光信号转化为电信号，M为大于1的自然数。
  2. 一种成像装置，其特征在于其包括：
    N个同心球面光学透镜组，每一个该同心球面光学透镜组对观测目标进行同一视场成像，形成N个第一光学图像，所述N个第一光学图像之间至少有50％部位的图像相同，N为大于1的自然数；以及
    M个成像探测器，设置在所述同心球面光学透镜组的成像侧，每个所述成像探测器获取所述第一光学图像的不同部位的部分图像，所述M个成像探测器获取的部分图像的拼接之和至少包含所述相同的至少50％第一光学图像，其中M为大于1的自然数。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的成像装置，其特征在于，其还包括：
    M个图像校正镜，设置在所述同心球面光学透镜组的成像侧，位于所述同心球面光学透镜组与所述成像探测器之间，对所述第一光学图像进行像质校正，并将像质校正后的第一光学图像提供给成像探测器。
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述的成像装置，其特征在于，其中所述的同心球面光学透镜组形成的第一光学图像为长条形。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的成像装置，其特征在于，其还包括：
    机械机构，用于固定和保护所述同心球面光学透镜组、所述成像探测器及所述图像校正镜。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的成像装置，其特征在于，其还包括：
    角度调整机构，调整所述N个同心球面光学透镜组之间的夹角，以使每个同心球面光学透镜组对同一观测目标成像。
  7. 如权利要求1或2所述的成像装置，其特征在于，其还包括：
    图像处理系统，与所述的M个成像探测器信号连接，接收所述的成像探测器转化的电信号，进行图像非均匀校正、图像畸变校正、图像拼接、图像存储、图像压缩及/或图像显示。
  8. 如权利要求1或2所述的成像装置，其特征在于，所述同心球面光学透镜组包括四个具有相同球心的扁平行的球面透镜。
  9. 如权利要求1或2所述的成像装置，其特征在于，所述成像探测器 为互补金属氧化物半导体光敏元件或电荷耦合器光敏元件。
  10. 如权利要求1或2所述的成像装置，其特征在于，所述成像探测器为可见光成像探测器、红外线成像探测器、微光成像探测器、紫外线成像探测器、太赫兹像探测器或其组合。
  11. 一种搭载于飞机或汽车的成像系统，其特征在于,其包括：如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的成像装置。
  12. 一种多光谱成像系统，其特征在于,其包括：如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的成像装置。
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