WO2016198250A1 - Assembly for drawing up water from a structure arranged on the surface of or in an expanse of water, and associated installation and manufacturing method - Google Patents

Assembly for drawing up water from a structure arranged on the surface of or in an expanse of water, and associated installation and manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016198250A1
WO2016198250A1 PCT/EP2016/061350 EP2016061350W WO2016198250A1 WO 2016198250 A1 WO2016198250 A1 WO 2016198250A1 EP 2016061350 W EP2016061350 W EP 2016061350W WO 2016198250 A1 WO2016198250 A1 WO 2016198250A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
assembly
rigid portion
water
spacer
flexible
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/061350
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ange Luppi
Original Assignee
Technip France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technip France filed Critical Technip France
Publication of WO2016198250A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016198250A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/002—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables specially adapted for underwater drilling
    • E21B19/004—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables specially adapted for underwater drilling supporting a riser from a drilling or production platform
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/448—Floating hydrocarbon production vessels, e.g. Floating Production Storage and Offloading vessels [FPSO]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2002/005—Intakes for coolant medium other than sea chests, e.g. for ambient water

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a set of water sampling from a structure disposed on the surface or in a body of water, the assembly comprising:
  • At least one elongate framing member extending along an elevation direction
  • At least one flexible water withdrawal pipe intended to be connected to the structure and extending along the direction of elevation
  • Such a water sampling assembly is intended to be deployed, for example, from an offshore fluid exploitation structure, to allow the supply of water at low temperature in the offshore structure.
  • the liquid transport of natural gas extracted at sea has many advantages in terms of volume and operating flexibility.
  • floating barges including a hydrocarbon processing unit and liquefaction of natural gas are currently exploited.
  • FLNG Floating Liquified Natural Gas
  • Such lines are subject to variable environmental conditions such as the dynamic movements of the offshore structure, underwater currents likely to oscillate these lines over their entire length. Depending on the amplitude and the frequency of repetition of the oscillations, the flexible lines are likely to twist, or even to clash, and thus to be damaged.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a set of deep water sampling from an offshore structure, which is reliable and able to withstand variable environmental conditions.
  • the subject of the invention is an assembly of the abovementioned type, in which the framework element comprises at least a first rigid part intended to be rigidly connected to the structure and at least a second rigid portion hinged to the first rigid portion by at least one hinge member.
  • the assembly according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in any technically possible combination:
  • the frame member comprises at least a third rigid portion and a hinge member connecting the third rigid portion to the second rigid portion, the length of the second rigid portion and the third rigid portion being strictly greater than 10 meters ,
  • the frame element comprises a number of articulation members comprised between one and four,
  • the or each articulation member is chosen from a pivoting joint, a ball joint or a flexible joint,
  • the frame element is made of metal
  • the spacer is fixed axially on a rigid part of the frame element, the flexible pipe being slidably mounted axially in the spacer,
  • the spacer defines at least one passage lumen of the flexible pipe
  • the length of the flexible pipe is substantially identical to the length of the frame element
  • the flexible pipe comprises a plurality of flexible sections mounted end-to-end,
  • the length of at least one section of the flexible pipe is greater than or equal to 1 1 meters
  • the assembly comprises a cluster of flexible pipes mounted jointly on a common frame element.
  • the invention also relates to a fluid exploitation installation comprising:
  • a water sampling assembly as described above, a first rigid portion of the framing member being rigidly connected to the structure, a second rigid portion of the framing member being hinged to the first portion of the framing member; the separation of the structure, the height separating the structure of the second part being advantageously strictly greater than 1 meter.
  • the installation may include the following feature:
  • the structure comprises a fluid treatment unit, in particular a liquefaction plant for natural gas.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a water withdrawal assembly from a structure disposed on the surface or in a body of water, the method comprising:
  • the method according to the invention may furthermore comprise:
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view taken in partial section of a fluid exploitation installation according to the invention, comprising a water sampling assembly provided with flexible pipes and an elongated frame element;
  • FIG. 2 is a view analogous to FIG. 1, the flexible ducts having been removed from this FIG. 2 to highlight the elongate framing element,
  • FIG. 3 is a view of a detail of the water sampling assembly of FIG. 1 illustrating a rigid part of the elongated frame element, sections of flexible pipes and a spacer,
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an articulation member for rigid parts of the frame element of FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a section of flexible pipes of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the relative amplitude of the lateral oscillations of a flexible pipe of FIG. 1 ("clean" modes of vibration or resonance) as a function of the length of the flexible pipe and of meteorological conditions
  • - Figures 7 to 10 are successive views taken in partial section, the fluid operating system of Figure 1 when the flexible pipes are subjected to different modes of oscillation.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 A fluid operating installation 10 is illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • the installation 10 is intended in particular to collect and treat a recovered fluid at the bottom of a body of water 12, more specifically below the seabed.
  • the fluid is advantageously a fluid containing hydrocarbons, such as natural gas.
  • the installation 10 is intended for the treatment and liquefaction of a natural gas recovered at the bottom of the body of water 12, for the purpose of transporting it in liquid form to the ground.
  • the body of water 12 is, for example, a sea, an ocean, a lake or a river.
  • the depth of the water extent 12 to the right of the installation 10 is, for example, between 50 meters (m) and 3000 m and even beyond.
  • the installation 10 comprises a structure 14 disposed on the surface of the water body 12, and advantageously a fluid treatment unit 16 carried by the structure 14.
  • the installation 10 comprises an assembly 18 for taking water under the structure 14, at a depth that can range from 50 m to 3000 m.
  • the structure 14 is a floating structure, such as a barge, or a floating platform.
  • the structure 14 is fixed on the bottom of the body of water 12.
  • the structure 14 comprises a shell 20 carrying the unit 16. It delimits a well 22, also called “moon-pool” in English (translated into French by "central well"), passing through the shell 20 to accommodate the collection set 18.
  • the well 22 is located in a structure located outside the shell 20.
  • Unit 16 is preferably a unit for liquefying natural gas. It comprises at least one utility 24 for receiving cold water from the sampling assembly 18.
  • the utility 24 is, for example, an exchanger.
  • the pickup assembly 18 has at least one elongate frame member 30 extending along an elevation direction Z.
  • the sampling assembly 18 further comprises at least one flexible pipe 32 for sampling water and at least one spacer 34 integral with the frame element 30.
  • the spacer 34 makes it possible to guide laterally in a lateral direction Y, perpendicular to the elevation direction Z, each flexible pipe 32 with respect to the frame member 30.
  • the elongated framing member 30 is adapted to serve as a "skeleton" for supporting all of the flexible lines 32 of the water withdrawal assembly 18.
  • the elongated framing member 30 is located in the middle a cluster of flexible pipes 32 in a plane perpendicular to the elevation direction Z.
  • the elongate frame element 30 comprises at least a first rigid part 41 intended to be rigidly connected to the surface structure 14 and at least a second rigid part 42 articulated on the first part rigid 41 by at least one articulation member 40.
  • the first rigid portion 41 is integral with the structure 14 by the weight of the frame 30, for example, when the frame comprises a flange resting on a support surface of the structure 14. As a variant or in addition, the first rigid portion 41 is bolted to the structure 14, according to calculated dynamic stresses.
  • the frame member 30 comprises a plurality of rigid portions and a plurality of hinge members 40 interconnecting the rigid portions. More specifically, the number of hinge members 40 is understood in the broad sense between 1 and 4. The number of rigid parts is therefore understood in the broad sense between 2 and 5.
  • the frame member 30 comprises two hinge members 40 and three rigid parts: the first rigid portion 41 connected to the structure 14, the second rigid portion 42 articulated on the first rigid part 41 by a first articulation member 40 and a third rigid part 43 articulated on the second part 42 by a second articulation member 40.
  • each rigid portion 42, 43, with the exception of the first rigid portion 41 connected to the structure 14, is strictly greater than 10 m.
  • the rigid parts of the frame member 30 are, for example, metal.
  • the articulation member (s) 40 are, for example, pivot joints, ball joints or flexible joints.
  • FIG. 4 An example of articulation member 40 is illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • a hinge member 40 comprises a first portion 44 intended to receive a first rigid portion and a second portion 46 intended to receive a second rigid portion.
  • the articulation member 40 also comprises a central portion 48 intended to to connect the first rigid portion located in the first portion 44 to the second rigid portion located in the second portion 46.
  • the central portion 48 is able to pivot on itself to articulate one to the other the rigid portions introduced into each of the portions 44, 46.
  • the pivot angle between the first portion 44 and the second portion 46 is for example between 0 ° and 45 °.
  • the flexible pipe 32 for drawing water is intended to be connected to the structure 14.
  • Such a flexible pipe 32 extends along the elevation direction Z, that is to say along the element elongated frame 30.
  • the sampling assembly 18 comprises a cluster of eight flexible pipes 32 mounted together on a frame member 30 which is common to them.
  • the number of flexible pipes 32 is, for example, adapted according to the desired quantity of water to be taken or according to the desired flow rate of water withdrawal.
  • the length of the flexible pipes 32 is substantially identical to the length of the frame member 30.
  • substantially it is advantageously understood to be plus or minus 5% (%).
  • Each flexible pipe 32 is connected in its upper part to the structure 14.
  • each flexible pipe 32 further comprises a plurality of flexible sections 44 mounted end to end.
  • Such flexible sections 44 are, for example, made of a flexible and elastic material such as rubber comprising metal reinforcements in different layers.
  • the length of at least one section 44 is greater than or equal to 1 1 m.
  • each flexible pipe 32 In order to collect the water in the body of water, at least the lower sections of each flexible pipe 32 are formed of a strainer delimiting openings for the passage of water and making it possible to filter the water taken off.
  • lower section of a flexible pipe 32 is meant the section 44 of a flexible pipe 32 intended to be located the deepest in relation to the surface structure 14 when the flexible pipe 32 is connected. to the structure 14.
  • the spacer 34 is adapted to laterally guide, in the lateral direction Y, the flexible pipes 32 relative to the frame member 30.
  • the spacer 34 locally limits the lateral movements of the flexible pipes 32 by preventing them from s'. entangled.
  • the spacer 34 is fixed axially on one of the rigid parts of the frame member 30.
  • the spacer 34 is fixed by welding on the corresponding rigid part.
  • the spacer 34 defines at least one passageway 45 of a flexible pipe 32.
  • the spacer 34 defines a plurality of passage apertures 45, here eight passage lights 45, making it possible to pass the flexible lines 32 of the sampling assembly 18 in the passage lumens 45 of the spacer 34.
  • the flexible pipes 32 are mounted sliding axially and in rotation in the spacer 34. On the other hand, the flexible pipes 32 are maintained at a substantially fixed distance from the frame member 30 in the lateral direction Y by the spacer 34.
  • the number of spacer 34 is equal to three so as to laterally guide the flexible pipes 32 relative to the elongated frame member 30 over the entire length of the flexible pipes 32 and the elongate frame member 30.
  • the number of spacers 34 depends on the length of the flexible pipes 32 and the frame member 30. Such a number also depends on the number of rigid sections 41, 42, 43 of the frame member 30, and this according to the eigen modes of dynamic responses shown in Figure 6.
  • the spacers 34 are made of a rigid material to withstand contact loads exerted by the flexible pipes 32 and the elongated frame member 30.
  • the spacers 34 are made of metal.
  • the assembly 18 comprises at least one flexible pipe 32 for drawing water intended to be connected to the structure 14 and extending along the direction of elevation Z.
  • an operator determines, for example via a calculation unit, information representative of the oscillations of the flexible pipe 32 in the body of water depending on weather conditions. predefined.
  • the predefined weather conditions are, for example, a predefined wave level, the dynamic movements of the offshore structure (induced by the swell) or a speed of underwater currents.
  • the information representative of the oscillations of the flexible pipe 32 is, for example, represented in the form of a graph representing the relative amplitude of the lateral oscillations of the flexible pipe 32 as a function of the length of the flexible pipe 32, as illustrated on FIG. Figure 6.
  • each of the curves 50, 52, 54, 56 corresponds to a mode of oscillation of the flexible pipe 32 for predefined meteorological conditions.
  • a mode of oscillation is also called "eigen mode of vibration” or "eigen mode of resonance”.
  • a mode of oscillation of the flexible pipe 32 corresponds to oscillations of the flexible pipe 32 repeated periodically over the entire length of the flexible pipe 32. The number of periods is therefore a function of the length of the flexible pipe 32.
  • the first periods of the modes will be 45 seconds (s) for the curve 50, 13 s for the curve 52, 5 s for curve 54 and 2.6 s for curve 56.
  • the manufacturing method then comprises calculating, as a function of the determined representative information, the number of rigid portions of the framing member 30, the length of each rigid portion of the framing member 30, the number of articulation members 40 of the frame member 30 and / or the position of the spacer (s) 34.
  • the length of the rigid portions of the framing member 30 and the number of hinge members 40 are, for example, determined according to the period of the oscillations so that the framing member 30 tangentially follows the oscillations of the flexible pipe 32.
  • the elongated frame element 30 comprises as many articulation members 40 as extrema number of lateral oscillations along the entire length of the flexible pipe 32.
  • the position of the spacers 34 is chosen so as to maintain a substantially constant distance between the flexible pipes 32 and the elongated frame member 30 over the entire length of the flexible pipe 32 while allowing the bending of the element
  • the spacers 30 are, for example, arranged at the maximum lateral oscillations determined for the flexible pipe 32 to limit the amplitude of these maximum oscillations.
  • the curve 50 of the graph of FIG. 6 comprises only one extremum of lateral oscillations along the entire length of the flexible pipe 32.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the choice, as a function of this curve 50, of the characteristics of the rigid parts and hinge members 40 of the frame member 30, as well as the position of the struts 34 so that the flexible pipes 32 oscillate without damage of the assembly 18.
  • the frame member 30 comprises two rigid parts and a hinge member 40.
  • the hinge member 40 is located near the connection of the frame member 30 with the structure 14 so as to minimize the risk of rupture of the frame member 30 at this location.
  • the curve 52, respectively 54, respectively 56, of the graph of FIG. 6 is used to select the elements of the sampling device 18 of FIG. 8, respectively 9 and 10, respectively.
  • the method then comprises mounting the flexible pipe 32.
  • the method also comprises assembling, according to the calculated characteristics of the rigid parts and the articulation members 40, at least a first rigid portion 41 intended to be rigidly connected to the structure 14 with at least a second rigid portion 42 articulated on the first part 41 by at least one articulation member 40.
  • This thus makes it possible to obtain an elongated frame element 30 extending along a direction of elevation Z.
  • the element 30 comprises a number of rigid parts greater than two, the rigid parts are assembled end to end by means of several hinge members 40.
  • the manufacturing method comprises attaching at least one spacer 34 to the frame member 30 at a previously calculated position.
  • the fixing of the spacer 30 is made by welding, for example.
  • Each flexible pipe 32 is then introduced into a passage lumen 45 of the spacer 34 so as to laterally guide each flexible pipe 32 relative to the framing element 30.
  • the sampling assembly 18 is put in place in the structure 14 disposed on the surface or in a body of water. Then, water is drawn through the strainers of the lower sections of the flexible pipes 32 to the structure 14.
  • the sampling assembly 18 anticipates the possible movements of the flexible pipes 32 according to predetermined variable meteorological conditions.
  • the elongate framing element 30 follows the oscillations of the flexible pipes 32 thanks to the presence of the articulation members 40 placed at the deformation nodes of the pipes thus avoiding a break or embrittlement of the elongated framing member 30 and therefore of the sampling set 18.
  • the spacers 34 maintain a substantially constant distance between the flexible pipes 32 and the frame member 30 and thus prevent the flexible pipes 32 do not overlap and come to damage.
  • the sampling assembly 18 is solid and reliable since the presence of the frame member 30 makes it possible to limit the lateral movements of the flexible pipes 32, limiting the risks of entanglements and collisions of these flexible pipes 32, as well as the constraints applying to flexible pipes 32.
  • the fluid treatment unit 16 is a unit for converting thermal energy of the seas ("Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion" or "OTEC").
  • OTEC Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
  • the water pumped into the water sampling line 26 is intended to cool a working fluid in an energy conversion cycle, this fluid being directly from the water pumped on the surface and / or an intermediate fluid heated by water pumped on the surface.

Abstract

Assembly (18) for drawing up water from a structure (14) arranged at the surface or in an expanse of water (12), the assembly (18) comprises: - at least one elongate framework element (30) extending in a direction of elevation (Z), - at least one flexible pipe (32) for drawing up water and intended to be connected to the structure (14) and extending in the direction of elevation (Z), and - at least one spacer (34) secured to the framework element (30), the spacer (34) laterally guiding the flexible pipe (32) with respect to the framework element (30), characterized in that the framework element (30) comprises at least a first rigid part (41) intended to be connected rigidly to the structure (14) and at least a second rigid part (42) articulated to the first rigid part (41) by at least one first articulation member (40), the framework element (30) comprising at least a third rigid part (43) and at least a second articulation member (40) connecting the third rigid part (43) to the second rigid part (42).

Description

Ensemble de prélèvement d'eau à partir d'une structure disposée à la surface ou dans une étendue d'eau, installation et procédé de fabrication associés  Set of water sampling from a structure arranged on the surface or in a body of water, installation and associated manufacturing process
La présente invention concerne un ensemble de prélèvement d'eau à partir d'une structure disposée à la surface ou dans une étendue d'eau, l'ensemble comprenant :  The present invention relates to a set of water sampling from a structure disposed on the surface or in a body of water, the assembly comprising:
- au moins un élément allongé d'ossature s'étendant le long d'une direction d'élévation,  at least one elongate framing member extending along an elevation direction,
- au moins une conduite flexible de prélèvement d'eau destinée à être raccordée à la structure et s'étendant le long de la direction d'élévation, et  at least one flexible water withdrawal pipe intended to be connected to the structure and extending along the direction of elevation, and
- au moins une entretoise solidaire de l'élément d'ossature, l'entretoise guidant latéralement la conduite flexible par rapport à l'élément d'ossature.  - At least one spacer integral with the frame member, the spacer laterally guiding the flexible pipe relative to the frame member.
Un tel ensemble de prélèvement d'eau est destiné à être déployé, par exemple, à partir d'une structure offshore d'exploitation de fluide, pour permettre la fourniture d'eau à basse température dans la structure offshore.  Such a water sampling assembly is intended to be deployed, for example, from an offshore fluid exploitation structure, to allow the supply of water at low temperature in the offshore structure.
Le transport sous forme liquide du gaz naturel extrait en mer présente de nombreux avantages en termes de volume et de flexibilité d'exploitation. A cet effet, des barges flottantes comprenant une unité de traitement des hydrocarbures et de liquéfaction du gaz naturel sont actuellement exploitées.  The liquid transport of natural gas extracted at sea has many advantages in terms of volume and operating flexibility. For this purpose, floating barges including a hydrocarbon processing unit and liquefaction of natural gas are currently exploited.
Ces structures offshores sont dénommées FLNG (acronyme anglais de « Floating Liquified Natural Gaz » pour usine de liquéfaction de gaz naturel flottante).  These offshore structures are called FLNG (acronym for "Floating Liquified Natural Gas" for Floating Natural Gas Liquefaction Plant).
La liquéfaction du gaz naturel requiert une énergie thermique de refroidissement importante. En mer, une source de froid significative est obtenue en prélevant de l'eau en profondeur, par exemple, à quelques centaines de mètres sous la structure offshore.  The liquefaction of natural gas requires a significant cooling thermal energy. At sea, a significant source of cold is obtained by taking water at depth, for example, a few hundred meters under the offshore structure.
Pour assurer un tel prélèvement, il est connu de déployer, à partir de la structure offshore, des lignes tubulaires de prélèvement d'eau qui plongent verticalement jusqu'à la profondeur adéquate pour prélever de l'eau à la température souhaitée.  To ensure such a sampling, it is known to deploy, from the offshore structure, tubular water withdrawal lines which dive vertically to the appropriate depth to collect water at the desired temperature.
De telles lignes sont soumises à des conditions environnementales variables telles que les mouvements dynamiques de la structure offshore, des courants sous-marins susceptibles de faire osciller ces lignes sur toute leur longueur. Selon l'amplitude et la fréquence de répétition des oscillations, les lignes flexibles sont susceptibles de se tordre, voire de s'entrechoquer, et donc de s'endommager.  Such lines are subject to variable environmental conditions such as the dynamic movements of the offshore structure, underwater currents likely to oscillate these lines over their entire length. Depending on the amplitude and the frequency of repetition of the oscillations, the flexible lines are likely to twist, or even to clash, and thus to be damaged.
De ce fait, un but de l'invention est de fournir un ensemble de prélèvement d'eau en profondeur à partir d'une structure offshore, qui soit fiable et capable de résister à des conditions environnementales variables.  Therefore, an object of the invention is to provide a set of deep water sampling from an offshore structure, which is reliable and able to withstand variable environmental conditions.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un ensemble du type précité, dans lequel l'élément d'ossature comprend au moins une première partie rigide destinée à être raccordée rigidement à la structure et au moins une deuxième partie rigide articulée sur la première partie rigide par au moins un organe d'articulation. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is an assembly of the abovementioned type, in which the framework element comprises at least a first rigid part intended to be rigidly connected to the structure and at least a second rigid portion hinged to the first rigid portion by at least one hinge member.
L'ensemble selon l'invention peut comprend l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prise(s) isolément ou suivant toute combinaison techniquement possible :  The assembly according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in any technically possible combination:
- l'élément d'ossature comprend au moins une troisième partie rigide et un organe d'articulation raccordant la troisième partie rigide à la deuxième partie rigide, la longueur de la deuxième partie rigide et de la troisième partie rigide étant strictement supérieure à 10 mètres,  - The frame member comprises at least a third rigid portion and a hinge member connecting the third rigid portion to the second rigid portion, the length of the second rigid portion and the third rigid portion being strictly greater than 10 meters ,
- l'élément d'ossature comprend un nombre d'organes d'articulation compris entre un et quatre,  the frame element comprises a number of articulation members comprised between one and four,
- le ou chaque organe d'articulation est choisi parmi un joint pivotant, un joint à bille ou un joint flexible,  the or each articulation member is chosen from a pivoting joint, a ball joint or a flexible joint,
- l'élément d'ossature est en métal,  the frame element is made of metal,
- l'entretoise est fixée axialement sur une partie rigide de l'élément d'ossature, la conduite flexible étant montée coulissante axialement dans l'entretoise,  the spacer is fixed axially on a rigid part of the frame element, the flexible pipe being slidably mounted axially in the spacer,
- l'entretoise définit au moins une lumière de passage de la conduite flexible, the spacer defines at least one passage lumen of the flexible pipe,
- la longueur de la conduite flexible est sensiblement identique à la longueur de l'élément d'ossature, the length of the flexible pipe is substantially identical to the length of the frame element,
- la conduite flexible comprend une pluralité de tronçons flexibles montés bout à bout,  the flexible pipe comprises a plurality of flexible sections mounted end-to-end,
- la longueur d'au moins un tronçon de la conduite flexible est supérieure ou égale à 1 1 mètres,  - the length of at least one section of the flexible pipe is greater than or equal to 1 1 meters,
- l'ensemble comprend une grappe de conduites flexibles montées conjointement sur un élément d'ossature commun.  the assembly comprises a cluster of flexible pipes mounted jointly on a common frame element.
L'invention a également pour objet une installation d'exploitation de fluide comprenant :  The invention also relates to a fluid exploitation installation comprising:
- une structure de surface, et  - a surface structure, and
- un ensemble de prélèvement d'eau tel que décrit précédemment, une première partie rigide de l'élément d'ossature étant raccordée rigidement à la structure, une deuxième partie rigide de l'élément d'ossature étant articulée sur la première partie à l'écart de la structure, la hauteur séparant la structure de la deuxième partie étant avantageusement strictement supérieure à 1 mètre.  a water sampling assembly as described above, a first rigid portion of the framing member being rigidly connected to the structure, a second rigid portion of the framing member being hinged to the first portion of the framing member; the separation of the structure, the height separating the structure of the second part being advantageously strictly greater than 1 meter.
L'installation peut comprendre la caractéristique suivante :  The installation may include the following feature:
- la structure comprend une unité de traitement de fluide notamment une usine de liquéfaction de gaz naturel. L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un ensemble de prélèvement d'eau à partir d'une structure disposée à la surface ou dans une étendue d'eau, le procédé comprenant : the structure comprises a fluid treatment unit, in particular a liquefaction plant for natural gas. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a water withdrawal assembly from a structure disposed on the surface or in a body of water, the method comprising:
- le montage d'au moins une conduite flexible de prélèvement d'eau destinée à être raccordée à la structure et s'étendant le long de la direction d'élévation,  the mounting of at least one flexible water sampling pipe intended to be connected to the structure and extending along the direction of elevation,
- l'assemblage d'au moins une première partie rigide destinée à être raccordée rigidement à la structure avec au moins une deuxième partie rigide articulée sur la première partie par au moins un organe d'articulation pour obtenir un élément allongé d'ossature s'étendant le long de la direction d'élévation,  - The assembly of at least a first rigid portion intended to be rigidly connected to the structure with at least a second rigid portion articulated on the first part by at least one hinge member to obtain an elongated frame member s' extending along the direction of elevation,
- la fixation d'une entretoise à l'élément d'ossature, et  - Fixing a spacer to the frame element, and
- le guidage latéral, par l'entretoise, de la conduite flexible par rapport à l'élément d'ossature.  - The lateral guidance, by the spacer, of the flexible pipe relative to the frame member.
Le procédé selon l'invention peut comprendre en outre :  The method according to the invention may furthermore comprise:
- la détermination d'une information représentative des oscillations de la conduite flexible dans l'étendue d'eau en fonction de conditions météorologiques prédéfinies, et the determination of information representative of the oscillations of the flexible pipe in the body of water according to predefined meteorological conditions, and
- le calcul de la longueur des parties rigides de l'élément d'ossature, du nombre d'organes d'articulation et/ou de la position de la ou des entretoises en fonction de l'information représentative. - The calculation of the length of the rigid parts of the frame member, the number of hinge members and / or the position of the spacer or spacer according to the representative information.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple, et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :  The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example, and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique prise en coupe partielle, d'une installation d'exploitation de fluide selon l'invention, comprenant un ensemble de prélèvement d'eau doté de conduites flexibles et d'un élément allongé d'ossature,  FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view taken in partial section of a fluid exploitation installation according to the invention, comprising a water sampling assembly provided with flexible pipes and an elongated frame element;
- la figure 2 est une vue analogue à la figure 1 , les conduites flexibles ayant été supprimées de cette figure 2 pour mettre en évidence l'élément allongé d'ossature,  FIG. 2 is a view analogous to FIG. 1, the flexible ducts having been removed from this FIG. 2 to highlight the elongate framing element,
- la figure 3 est une vue d'un détail de l'ensemble de prélèvement d'eau de la figure 1 illustrant une partie rigide de l'élément allongé d'ossature, des tronçons des conduites flexibles et une entretoise,  FIG. 3 is a view of a detail of the water sampling assembly of FIG. 1 illustrating a rigid part of the elongated frame element, sections of flexible pipes and a spacer,
- la figure 4 est une vue schématique d'un organe d'articulation de parties rigides de l'élément d'ossature de la figure 2,  FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an articulation member for rigid parts of the frame element of FIG. 2,
- la figure 5 est une vue schématique d'un tronçon de conduites flexibles de la figure 1 ,  FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a section of flexible pipes of FIG. 1,
- la figure 6 est un graphique illustrant l'amplitude relative des oscillations latérales d'une conduite flexible de la figure 1 (modes « propres » de vibration ou de résonance) en fonction de la longueur de la conduite flexible et de conditions météorologiques, et - les figures 7 à 10 sont des vues successives prises en coupe partielle, de l'installation d'exploitation de fluide de la figure 1 lorsque les conduites flexibles sont soumises à différents modes d'oscillations. FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the relative amplitude of the lateral oscillations of a flexible pipe of FIG. 1 ("clean" modes of vibration or resonance) as a function of the length of the flexible pipe and of meteorological conditions, and - Figures 7 to 10 are successive views taken in partial section, the fluid operating system of Figure 1 when the flexible pipes are subjected to different modes of oscillation.
Une installation 10 d'exploitation de fluide est illustrée par les figures 1 à 5.  A fluid operating installation 10 is illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5.
L'installation 10 est destinée notamment à collecter et à traiter un fluide récupéré au fond d'une étendue d'eau 12, plus spécifiquement en dessous des fonds marins. Le fluide est avantageusement un fluide contenant des hydrocarbures, tel que du gaz naturel.  The installation 10 is intended in particular to collect and treat a recovered fluid at the bottom of a body of water 12, more specifically below the seabed. The fluid is advantageously a fluid containing hydrocarbons, such as natural gas.
En particulier, l'installation 10 est destinée au traitement et à la liquéfaction d'un gaz naturel récupéré au fond de l'étendue d'eau 12, en vue de son transport sous forme liquide jusqu'à terre.  In particular, the installation 10 is intended for the treatment and liquefaction of a natural gas recovered at the bottom of the body of water 12, for the purpose of transporting it in liquid form to the ground.
L'étendue d'eau 12 est, par exemple, une mer, un océan, un lac ou une rivière. La profondeur de l'étendue d'eau 12 au droit de l'installation 10 est, par exemple, comprise entre 50 mètres (m) et 3000 m et même au-delà.  The body of water 12 is, for example, a sea, an ocean, a lake or a river. The depth of the water extent 12 to the right of the installation 10 is, for example, between 50 meters (m) and 3000 m and even beyond.
Comme illustré par les figures 1 et 2, l'installation 10 comporte une structure 14 disposée à la surface de l'étendue d'eau 12, et avantageusement une unité 16 de traitement de fluide, portée par la structure 14.  As illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 2, the installation 10 comprises a structure 14 disposed on the surface of the water body 12, and advantageously a fluid treatment unit 16 carried by the structure 14.
Selon l'invention, l'installation 10 comporte un ensemble 18 de prélèvement d'eau sous la structure 14, à une profondeur pouvant aller de 50 m à 3000 m.  According to the invention, the installation 10 comprises an assembly 18 for taking water under the structure 14, at a depth that can range from 50 m to 3000 m.
Dans cet exemple, la structure 14 est une structure flottante, telle qu'une barge, ou une plateforme flottante. En variante, la structure 14 est fixée sur le fond de l'étendue d'eau 12.  In this example, the structure 14 is a floating structure, such as a barge, or a floating platform. Alternatively, the structure 14 is fixed on the bottom of the body of water 12.
La structure 14 comporte une coque 20 portant l'unité 16. Elle délimite un puits 22, aussi appelé « moon-pool » en anglais (traduit en français par « puits central »), traversant la coque 20 pour accommoder l'ensemble de prélèvement 18.  The structure 14 comprises a shell 20 carrying the unit 16. It delimits a well 22, also called "moon-pool" in English (translated into French by "central well"), passing through the shell 20 to accommodate the collection set 18.
En variante, le puits 22 est situé dans une structure située à l'extérieur de la coque 20.  In a variant, the well 22 is located in a structure located outside the shell 20.
L'unité 16 est de préférence une unité de liquéfaction du gaz naturel. Elle comprend au moins une utilité 24 destinée à recevoir de l'eau froide provenant de l'ensemble de prélèvement 18. L'utilité 24 est, par exemple, un échangeur.  Unit 16 is preferably a unit for liquefying natural gas. It comprises at least one utility 24 for receiving cold water from the sampling assembly 18. The utility 24 is, for example, an exchanger.
L'ensemble de prélèvement 18 comporte au moins un élément allongé d'ossature 30 s'étendant le long d'une direction d'élévation Z.  The pickup assembly 18 has at least one elongate frame member 30 extending along an elevation direction Z.
L'ensemble de prélèvement 18 comporte, en outre, au moins une conduite flexible 32 de prélèvement d'eau et au moins une entretoise 34 solidaire de l'élément d'ossature 30. L'entretoise 34 permet de guider latéralement dans une direction latérale Y, perpendiculaire à la direction d'élévation Z, chaque conduite flexible 32 par rapport à l'élément d'ossature 30. The sampling assembly 18 further comprises at least one flexible pipe 32 for sampling water and at least one spacer 34 integral with the frame element 30. The spacer 34 makes it possible to guide laterally in a lateral direction Y, perpendicular to the elevation direction Z, each flexible pipe 32 with respect to the frame member 30.
L'élément allongé d'ossature 30 est propre à servir de « squelette » pour soutenir l'ensemble des conduites flexibles 32 de l'ensemble de prélèvement d'eau 18. Avantageusement, l'élément allongé d'ossature 30 est localisé au milieu d'une grappe de conduites flexibles 32 dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction d'élévation Z.  The elongated framing member 30 is adapted to serve as a "skeleton" for supporting all of the flexible lines 32 of the water withdrawal assembly 18. Advantageously, the elongated framing member 30 is located in the middle a cluster of flexible pipes 32 in a plane perpendicular to the elevation direction Z.
Dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 2, l'élément allongé d'ossature 30 comprend au moins une première partie rigide 41 destinée à être raccordée rigidement à la structure de surface 14 et au moins une deuxième partie rigide 42 articulée sur la première partie rigide 41 par au moins un organe d'articulation 40.  In the example illustrated in FIG. 2, the elongate frame element 30 comprises at least a first rigid part 41 intended to be rigidly connected to the surface structure 14 and at least a second rigid part 42 articulated on the first part rigid 41 by at least one articulation member 40.
La première partie rigide 41 est solidaire de la structure 14 par le poids de l'ossature 30, par exemple, lorsque l'ossature comprend une bride en appui sur une surface de support de la structure 14. En variante ou en complément, la première partie rigide 41 est boulonnée à la structure 14, selon des sollicitations dynamiques calculées.  The first rigid portion 41 is integral with the structure 14 by the weight of the frame 30, for example, when the frame comprises a flange resting on a support surface of the structure 14. As a variant or in addition, the first rigid portion 41 is bolted to the structure 14, according to calculated dynamic stresses.
Lorsque la première partie rigide 41 est raccordée à la structure 14, la hauteur h1 When the first rigid portion 41 is connected to the structure 14, the height h1
(visible sur la figure 2) séparant la structure 14 de la deuxième partie rigide 42 directement articulée sur la première partie rigide 41 au moyen d'un organe d'articulation 40 est avantageusement strictement supérieure à 1 m. (Visible in Figure 2) separating the structure 14 of the second rigid portion 42 directly hinged to the first rigid portion 41 by means of a hinge member 40 is preferably strictly greater than 1 m.
Avantageusement, l'élément d'ossature 30 comprend une pluralité de parties rigides et une pluralité d'organes d'articulation 40 raccordant entre elles les parties rigides. Plus précisément, le nombre d'organes d'articulation 40 est compris au sens large entre 1 et 4. Le nombre de parties rigides est donc compris au sens large entre 2 et 5.  Advantageously, the frame member 30 comprises a plurality of rigid portions and a plurality of hinge members 40 interconnecting the rigid portions. More specifically, the number of hinge members 40 is understood in the broad sense between 1 and 4. The number of rigid parts is therefore understood in the broad sense between 2 and 5.
Dans l'exemple illustré sur les figures 1 à 5, l'élément d'ossature 30 comprend deux organes d'articulation 40 et trois parties rigides : la première partie rigide 41 raccordée à la structure 14, la deuxième partie rigide 42 articulée sur la première partie rigide 41 par un premier organe d'articulation 40 et une troisième partie rigide 43 articulée sur la deuxième partie 42 par un deuxième organe d'articulation 40.  In the example illustrated in Figures 1 to 5, the frame member 30 comprises two hinge members 40 and three rigid parts: the first rigid portion 41 connected to the structure 14, the second rigid portion 42 articulated on the first rigid part 41 by a first articulation member 40 and a third rigid part 43 articulated on the second part 42 by a second articulation member 40.
La longueur de chaque partie rigide 42, 43, à l'exception de la première partie rigide 41 raccordée à la structure 14, est strictement supérieure à 10 m.  The length of each rigid portion 42, 43, with the exception of the first rigid portion 41 connected to the structure 14, is strictly greater than 10 m.
Les parties rigides de l'élément d'ossature 30 sont, par exemple, en métal.  The rigid parts of the frame member 30 are, for example, metal.
Le ou les organes d'articulation 40 sont, par exemple, des joints pivotants, des joints à bille ou des joints flexibles.  The articulation member (s) 40 are, for example, pivot joints, ball joints or flexible joints.
Un exemple d'organe d'articulation 40 est illustré sur la figure 4. Un tel organe d'articulation 40 comprend une première portion 44 destinée à recevoir une première partie rigide et une deuxième portion 46 destinée à recevoir une deuxième partie rigide. En outre, l'organe d'articulation 40 comprend également une portion centrale 48 destinée à raccorder la première partie rigide située dans la première portion 44 à la deuxième partie rigide située dans la deuxième portion 46. Pour cela, la partie centrale 48 est propre à pivoter sur elle-même permettant d'articuler l'une à l'autre les parties rigides introduites dans chacune des portions 44, 46. An example of articulation member 40 is illustrated in FIG. 4. Such a hinge member 40 comprises a first portion 44 intended to receive a first rigid portion and a second portion 46 intended to receive a second rigid portion. In addition, the articulation member 40 also comprises a central portion 48 intended to to connect the first rigid portion located in the first portion 44 to the second rigid portion located in the second portion 46. For this, the central portion 48 is able to pivot on itself to articulate one to the other the rigid portions introduced into each of the portions 44, 46.
L'angle de pivotement entre la première portion 44 et la deuxième portion 46 est par exemple compris entre 0° et 45°.  The pivot angle between the first portion 44 and the second portion 46 is for example between 0 ° and 45 °.
La conduite flexible 32 de prélèvement d'eau est destinée à être raccordée à la structure 14. Une telle conduite flexible 32 s'étend le long de la direction d'élévation Z, c'est-à-dire le long de l'élément allongé d'ossature 30.  The flexible pipe 32 for drawing water is intended to be connected to the structure 14. Such a flexible pipe 32 extends along the elevation direction Z, that is to say along the element elongated frame 30.
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 1 à 5, l'ensemble de prélèvement 18 comprend une grappe de huit conduites flexibles 32 montées conjointement sur un élément d'ossature 30 qui leur est commun. Le nombre de conduites flexibles 32 est, par exemple, adapté en fonction de la quantité souhaitée d'eau à prélever ou en fonction du débit souhaité de prélèvement d'eau.  In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 5, the sampling assembly 18 comprises a cluster of eight flexible pipes 32 mounted together on a frame member 30 which is common to them. The number of flexible pipes 32 is, for example, adapted according to the desired quantity of water to be taken or according to the desired flow rate of water withdrawal.
La longueur des conduites flexibles 32 est sensiblement identique à la longueur de l'élément d'ossature 30. Par le terme « sensiblement », il est entendu avantageusement égal à plus ou moins 5 pourcents (%).  The length of the flexible pipes 32 is substantially identical to the length of the frame member 30. By the term "substantially", it is advantageously understood to be plus or minus 5% (%).
Chaque conduite flexible 32 est raccordée dans sa partie supérieure à la structure 14.  Each flexible pipe 32 is connected in its upper part to the structure 14.
Dans cet exemple, chaque conduite flexible 32 comprend, en outre, une pluralité de tronçons 44 flexibles et montés bout à bout.  In this example, each flexible pipe 32 further comprises a plurality of flexible sections 44 mounted end to end.
Un exemple de tronçon flexible 44 est illustré sur la figure 5. De tels tronçons flexibles 44 sont, par exemple, réalisés dans un matériau souple et élastique tel que du caoutchouc comprenant des armatures métalliques en différentes couches.  An example of a flexible section 44 is illustrated in FIG. 5. Such flexible sections 44 are, for example, made of a flexible and elastic material such as rubber comprising metal reinforcements in different layers.
La longueur d'au moins un tronçon 44 est supérieure ou égale à 1 1 m.  The length of at least one section 44 is greater than or equal to 1 1 m.
Afin de prélever l'eau dans l'étendue d'eau, au moins les tronçons inférieurs de chaque conduite flexible 32 sont formés d'une crépine délimitant des ouvertures de passage d'eau et permettant de filtrer l'eau prélevée. Par l'expression « tronçon inférieur d'une conduite flexible 32 », il est entendu le tronçon 44 d'une conduite flexible 32 destiné à être situé le plus en profondeur par rapport à la structure de surface 14 lorsque la conduite flexible 32 est raccordée à la structure 14.  In order to collect the water in the body of water, at least the lower sections of each flexible pipe 32 are formed of a strainer delimiting openings for the passage of water and making it possible to filter the water taken off. By the term "lower section of a flexible pipe 32" is meant the section 44 of a flexible pipe 32 intended to be located the deepest in relation to the surface structure 14 when the flexible pipe 32 is connected. to the structure 14.
L'entretoise 34 est propre à guider latéralement, dans la direction latérale Y, les conduites flexibles 32 par rapport à l'élément d'ossature 30. L'entretoise 34 limite localement les mouvements latéraux des conduites flexibles 32 en les empêchant de s'enchevêtrer. Pour cela, l'entretoise 34 est fixée axialement sur l'une des parties rigides de l'élément d'ossature 30. Par exemple, l'entretoise 34 est fixée par soudure sur la partie rigide correspondante. The spacer 34 is adapted to laterally guide, in the lateral direction Y, the flexible pipes 32 relative to the frame member 30. The spacer 34 locally limits the lateral movements of the flexible pipes 32 by preventing them from s'. entangled. For this, the spacer 34 is fixed axially on one of the rigid parts of the frame member 30. For example, the spacer 34 is fixed by welding on the corresponding rigid part.
L'entretoise 34 délimite au moins une lumière de passage 45 d'une conduite flexible 32. Dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 3, l'entretoise 34 définit plusieurs lumières de passage 45, ici huit lumières de passage 45, permettant de faire passer les conduites flexibles 32 de l'ensemble de prélèvement 18 dans les lumières de passage 45 de l'entretoise 34.  The spacer 34 defines at least one passageway 45 of a flexible pipe 32. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, the spacer 34 defines a plurality of passage apertures 45, here eight passage lights 45, making it possible to pass the flexible lines 32 of the sampling assembly 18 in the passage lumens 45 of the spacer 34.
Les conduites flexibles 32 sont montées coulissantes axialement et en rotation dans l'entretoise 34. En revanche, les conduites flexibles 32 sont maintenues à une distance sensiblement fixe de l'élément d'ossature 30 dans la direction latérale Y par l'entretoise 34.  The flexible pipes 32 are mounted sliding axially and in rotation in the spacer 34. On the other hand, the flexible pipes 32 are maintained at a substantially fixed distance from the frame member 30 in the lateral direction Y by the spacer 34.
Dans l'exemple illustré sur les figures 1 et 2, le nombre d'entretoise 34 est égal à trois de sorte à guider latéralement les conduites flexibles 32 par rapport à l'élément allongé d'ossature 30 sur toute la longueur des conduites flexibles 32 et de l'élément allongé d'ossature 30.  In the example illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the number of spacer 34 is equal to three so as to laterally guide the flexible pipes 32 relative to the elongated frame member 30 over the entire length of the flexible pipes 32 and the elongate frame member 30.
Le nombre d'entretoises 34 dépend de la longueur des conduites flexibles 32 et de l'élément d'ossature 30. Un tel nombre dépend également du nombre de tronçons rigides 41 , 42, 43 de l'élément d'ossature 30, et ceci en fonction des modes propres de réponses dynamiques illustrées par la figure 6.  The number of spacers 34 depends on the length of the flexible pipes 32 and the frame member 30. Such a number also depends on the number of rigid sections 41, 42, 43 of the frame member 30, and this according to the eigen modes of dynamic responses shown in Figure 6.
Les entretoises 34 sont réalisées dans un matériau rigide permettant de résister à des charges de contact exercées par les conduites flexibles 32 et par l'élément allongé d'ossature 30. Par exemple, les entretoises 34 sont réalisées en métal.  The spacers 34 are made of a rigid material to withstand contact loads exerted by the flexible pipes 32 and the elongated frame member 30. For example, the spacers 34 are made of metal.
Le procédé de fabrication d'un ensemble 18 de prélèvement de fluide à partir d'une structure 14 disposée à la surface ou dans une étendue d'eau 12 va maintenant être décrit.  The method of manufacturing a fluid sampling assembly 18 from a structure 14 disposed on the surface or in a body of water 12 will now be described.
Comme indiqué précédemment, l'ensemble 18 comprend au moins une conduite flexible 32 de prélèvement d'eau destinée à être raccordée à la structure 14 et s'étendant le long de la direction d'élévation Z.  As indicated above, the assembly 18 comprises at least one flexible pipe 32 for drawing water intended to be connected to the structure 14 and extending along the direction of elevation Z.
Initialement, en fonction de la longueur de la conduite flexible 32 devant être montée, un opérateur détermine, par exemple via une unité de calcul, une information représentative des oscillations de la conduite flexible 32 dans l'étendue d'eau en fonction de conditions météorologiques prédéfinies. Les conditions météorologiques prédéfinies sont, par exemple, un niveau de houle prédéfini, les mouvements dynamiques de la structure offshore (induites par la houle) ou une vitesse de courants sous-marins. L'information représentative des oscillations de la conduite flexible 32 est, par exemple, représentée sous forme d'un graphique représentant l'amplitude relative des oscillations latérales de la conduite flexible 32 en fonction de la longueur de la conduite flexible 32, comme illustré sur la figure 6. Initially, depending on the length of the flexible pipe 32 to be mounted, an operator determines, for example via a calculation unit, information representative of the oscillations of the flexible pipe 32 in the body of water depending on weather conditions. predefined. The predefined weather conditions are, for example, a predefined wave level, the dynamic movements of the offshore structure (induced by the swell) or a speed of underwater currents. The information representative of the oscillations of the flexible pipe 32 is, for example, represented in the form of a graph representing the relative amplitude of the lateral oscillations of the flexible pipe 32 as a function of the length of the flexible pipe 32, as illustrated on FIG. Figure 6.
En particulier, sur le graphique de la figure 6, chacune des courbes 50, 52, 54, 56 correspond à un mode d'oscillation de la conduite flexible 32 pour des conditions météorologiques prédéfinies. Un tel mode d'oscillations est aussi appelé « mode propre de vibration » ou « mode propre de résonance ». Un mode d'oscillation de la conduite flexible 32 correspond à des oscillations de la conduite flexible 32 répétées périodiquement sur toute la longueur de la conduite flexible 32. Le nombre de périodes est donc fonction de la longueur de la conduite flexible 32.  In particular, in the graph of FIG. 6, each of the curves 50, 52, 54, 56 corresponds to a mode of oscillation of the flexible pipe 32 for predefined meteorological conditions. Such a mode of oscillation is also called "eigen mode of vibration" or "eigen mode of resonance". A mode of oscillation of the flexible pipe 32 corresponds to oscillations of the flexible pipe 32 repeated periodically over the entire length of the flexible pipe 32. The number of periods is therefore a function of the length of the flexible pipe 32.
Typiquement, pour une conduite flexible 32 s'étendant sur une longueur de 225 m dans une étendue d'eau, les premières périodes des modes seront de 45 secondes (s) pour la courbe 50, de 13 s pour la courbe 52, de 5 s pour la courbe 54 et de 2,6 s pour la courbe 56.  Typically, for a flexible pipe 32 extending over a length of 225 m in a body of water, the first periods of the modes will be 45 seconds (s) for the curve 50, 13 s for the curve 52, 5 s for curve 54 and 2.6 s for curve 56.
Le procédé de fabrication comprend, ensuite, le calcul, en fonction de l'information représentative déterminée, du nombre de parties rigides de l'élément d'ossature 30, de la longueur de chaque partie rigide de l'élément d'ossature 30, du nombre d'organes d'articulation 40 de l'élément d'ossature 30 et/ou de la position de la ou des entretoises 34.  The manufacturing method then comprises calculating, as a function of the determined representative information, the number of rigid portions of the framing member 30, the length of each rigid portion of the framing member 30, the number of articulation members 40 of the frame member 30 and / or the position of the spacer (s) 34.
La longueur des parties rigides de l'élément d'ossature 30 et le nombre d'organes d'articulation 40 sont, par exemple, déterminés en fonction de la période des oscillations de sorte que l'élément d'ossature 30 suive de manière tangente les oscillations de la conduite flexible 32.  The length of the rigid portions of the framing member 30 and the number of hinge members 40 are, for example, determined according to the period of the oscillations so that the framing member 30 tangentially follows the oscillations of the flexible pipe 32.
Avantageusement, l'élément allongé d'ossature 30 comprend autant d'organes d'articulation 40 que de nombre d'extrema des oscillations latérales sur toute la longueur de la conduite flexible 32.  Advantageously, the elongated frame element 30 comprises as many articulation members 40 as extrema number of lateral oscillations along the entire length of the flexible pipe 32.
Préférentiellement, la position des entretoises 34 est choisie de sorte à maintenir une distance sensiblement constante entre les conduites flexibles 32 et l'élément allongé d'ossature 30 sur toute la longueur de la conduite flexible 32 tout en permettant la flexion de l'élément d'ossature 30 là où sont disposés les organes d'articulation 40. Les entretoises 34 sont, par exemple, disposées au niveau des oscillations latérales maximales déterminées pour la conduite flexible 32 permettant de limiter l'amplitude de ces oscillations maximales.  Preferably, the position of the spacers 34 is chosen so as to maintain a substantially constant distance between the flexible pipes 32 and the elongated frame member 30 over the entire length of the flexible pipe 32 while allowing the bending of the element The spacers 30 are, for example, arranged at the maximum lateral oscillations determined for the flexible pipe 32 to limit the amplitude of these maximum oscillations.
Par exemple, la courbe 50 du graphique de la figure 6 comprend un seul extremum d'oscillations latérales sur toute la longueur de la conduite flexible 32. La figure 7 illustre le choix, en fonction de cette courbe 50, des caractéristiques des parties rigides et des organes d'articulation 40 de l'élément d'ossature 30, ainsi que la position des entretoises 34 pour que les conduites flexibles 32 oscillent sans endommagement de l'ensemble 18. Ainsi, sur cette figure 7, l'élément d'ossature 30 comprend deux parties rigides et un organe d'articulation 40. Avantageusement, lorsque l'élément d'ossature 30 comprend un seul organe d'articulation 40, l'organe d'articulation 40 est situé proche du raccordement de l'élément d'ossature 30 avec la structure 14 de sorte à minimiser les risques de rupture de l'élément d'ossature 30 à cet endroit. For example, the curve 50 of the graph of FIG. 6 comprises only one extremum of lateral oscillations along the entire length of the flexible pipe 32. FIG. 7 illustrates the choice, as a function of this curve 50, of the characteristics of the rigid parts and hinge members 40 of the frame member 30, as well as the position of the struts 34 so that the flexible pipes 32 oscillate without damage of the assembly 18. Thus, in this Figure 7, the frame member 30 comprises two rigid parts and a hinge member 40. Advantageously, when the frame member 30 comprises a single hinge member 40 , the hinge member 40 is located near the connection of the frame member 30 with the structure 14 so as to minimize the risk of rupture of the frame member 30 at this location.
De même, la courbe 52, respectivement 54, respectivement 56, du graphique de la figure 6 est utilisée pour choisir les éléments du dispositif de prélèvement 18 de la figure 8, respectivement 9, respectivement 10.  Similarly, the curve 52, respectively 54, respectively 56, of the graph of FIG. 6 is used to select the elements of the sampling device 18 of FIG. 8, respectively 9 and 10, respectively.
Le procédé comprend alors le montage de la conduite flexible 32.  The method then comprises mounting the flexible pipe 32.
Le procédé comprend également l'assemblage, en fonction des caractéristiques calculées des parties rigides et des organes d'articulation 40, d'au moins une première partie rigide 41 destinée à être raccordée rigidement à la structure 14 avec au moins une deuxième partie rigide 42 articulée sur la première partie 41 par au moins un organe d'articulation 40. Cela permet ainsi d'obtenir un élément allongé d'ossature 30 s'étendant le long d'une direction d'élévation Z. Lorsque l'élément 30 comprend un nombre de parties rigides supérieures à deux, les parties rigides sont assemblées bout à bout au moyen de plusieurs organes d'articulation 40.  The method also comprises assembling, according to the calculated characteristics of the rigid parts and the articulation members 40, at least a first rigid portion 41 intended to be rigidly connected to the structure 14 with at least a second rigid portion 42 articulated on the first part 41 by at least one articulation member 40. This thus makes it possible to obtain an elongated frame element 30 extending along a direction of elevation Z. When the element 30 comprises a number of rigid parts greater than two, the rigid parts are assembled end to end by means of several hinge members 40.
Puis, le procédé de fabrication comprend la fixation d'au moins une entretoise 34 à l'élément d'ossature 30 à une position calculée précédemment. La fixation de l'entretoise 30 est réalisée par soudure par exemple.  Then, the manufacturing method comprises attaching at least one spacer 34 to the frame member 30 at a previously calculated position. The fixing of the spacer 30 is made by welding, for example.
Chaque conduite flexible 32 est ensuite introduite dans une lumière de passage 45 de l'entretoise 34 de sorte à guider latéralement chaque conduite flexible 32 par rapport à l'élément d'ossature 30.  Each flexible pipe 32 is then introduced into a passage lumen 45 of the spacer 34 so as to laterally guide each flexible pipe 32 relative to the framing element 30.
En fonctionnement, l'ensemble de prélèvement 18 est mis en place dans la structure 14 disposée à la surface ou dans une étendue d'eau. Puis, de l'eau est prélevée au travers des crépines des tronçons inférieurs des conduites flexibles 32 jusqu'à la structure 14.  In operation, the sampling assembly 18 is put in place in the structure 14 disposed on the surface or in a body of water. Then, water is drawn through the strainers of the lower sections of the flexible pipes 32 to the structure 14.
Ainsi, l'ensemble de prélèvement 18 anticipe les mouvements éventuels des conduites flexibles 32 en fonction de conditions météorologiques variables prédéterminées. L'élément allongé d'ossature 30 suit les oscillations des conduites flexibles 32 grâce à la présence des organes d'articulation 40 placés aux nœuds de déformation des conduites évitant ainsi une rupture ou une fragilisation de l'élément allongé d'ossature 30 et donc de l'ensemble de prélèvement 18. Les entretoises 34 permettent de conserver une distance sensiblement constante entre les conduites flexibles 32 et l'élément d'ossature 30 et d'éviter ainsi que les conduites flexibles 32 ne se chevauchent et ne viennent s'endommager. Thus, the sampling assembly 18 anticipates the possible movements of the flexible pipes 32 according to predetermined variable meteorological conditions. The elongate framing element 30 follows the oscillations of the flexible pipes 32 thanks to the presence of the articulation members 40 placed at the deformation nodes of the pipes thus avoiding a break or embrittlement of the elongated framing member 30 and therefore of the sampling set 18. The spacers 34 maintain a substantially constant distance between the flexible pipes 32 and the frame member 30 and thus prevent the flexible pipes 32 do not overlap and come to damage.
L'ensemble de prélèvement 18 est solide et fiable puisque la présence de l'élément d'ossature 30 permet de limiter les mouvements latéraux des conduites flexibles 32, limitant les risques d'enchevêtrements et de collisions de ces conduites flexibles 32, ainsi que les contraintes s'appliquant sur les conduites flexibles 32.  The sampling assembly 18 is solid and reliable since the presence of the frame member 30 makes it possible to limit the lateral movements of the flexible pipes 32, limiting the risks of entanglements and collisions of these flexible pipes 32, as well as the constraints applying to flexible pipes 32.
Dans une variante, l'unité de traitement de fluide 16 est une unité de conversion d'énergie thermique des mers (« Océan thermal energy conversion » ou « OTEC » en anglais). L'eau pompée dans la ligne de prélèvement d'eau 26 est destinée à refroidir un fluide de travail dans un cycle de conversion d'énergie, ce fluide étant directement de l'eau pompée en surface ou/et un fluide intermédiaire réchauffé par de l'eau pompée en surface.  In a variant, the fluid treatment unit 16 is a unit for converting thermal energy of the seas ("Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion" or "OTEC"). The water pumped into the water sampling line 26 is intended to cool a working fluid in an energy conversion cycle, this fluid being directly from the water pumped on the surface and / or an intermediate fluid heated by water pumped on the surface.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. - Ensemble (18) de prélèvement d'eau à partir d'une structure (14) disposée à la surface ou dans une étendue d'eau (12), l'ensemble (18) comprenant : 1. - Set (18) for taking water from a structure (14) disposed on the surface or in a body of water (12), the assembly (18) comprising:
- au moins un élément allongé d'ossature (30) s'étendant le long d'une direction d'élévation (Z),  at least one elongate framing member (30) extending along an elevation direction (Z),
- au moins une conduite flexible (32) de prélèvement d'eau destinée à être raccordée à la structure (14) et s'étendant le long de la direction d'élévation (Z), et  at least one flexible water withdrawal pipe (32) intended to be connected to the structure (14) and extending along the elevation direction (Z), and
- au moins une entretoise (34) solidaire de l'élément d'ossature (30), l'entretoise (34) guidant latéralement la conduite flexible (32) par rapport à l'élément d'ossature (30),  - at least one spacer (34) integral with the frame member (30), the spacer (34) laterally guiding the flexible pipe (32) relative to the frame member (30),
caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'ossature (30) comprend au moins une première partie rigide (41 ) destinée à être raccordée rigidement à la structure (14) et au moins une deuxième partie rigide (42) articulée sur la première partie rigide (41 ) par au moins un premier organe d'articulation (40), l'élément d'ossature (30) comprenant au moins une troisième partie rigide (43) et au moins un deuxième organe d'articulation (40) raccordant la troisième partie rigide (43) à la deuxième partie rigide (42).  characterized in that the framing member (30) comprises at least a first rigid portion (41) to be rigidly connected to the structure (14) and at least a second rigid portion (42) hinged to the first rigid portion (41) by at least a first hinge member (40), the frame member (30) comprising at least a third rigid portion (43) and at least one second hinge member (40) connecting the third rigid portion (43) to the second rigid portion (42).
2. - Ensemble (18) selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel, la longueur de la deuxième partie rigide (42) et de la troisième partie rigide (43) est strictement supérieure à 10 mètres. 2. - Assembly (18) according to claim 1, wherein, the length of the second rigid portion (42) and the third rigid portion (43) is strictly greater than 10 meters.
3. - Ensemble (18) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel l'élément d'ossature (30) comprend un nombre d'organes d'articulation (40) strictement supérieur à deux, avantageusement égal à trois ou quatre. 3. - assembly (18) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the frame member (30) comprises a number of hinge members (40) strictly greater than two, preferably equal to three or four.
4. - Ensemble (18) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le ou chaque organe d'articulation (40) est choisi parmi un joint pivotant, un joint à bille ou un joint flexible. 4. - The assembly (18) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the or each hinge member (40) is selected from a pivot joint, a ball joint or a flexible joint.
5. - Ensemble (18) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément d'ossature (30) est en métal. An assembly (18) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the framing member (30) is of metal.
6. - Ensemble (18) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'entretoise (34) est fixée axialement sur une partie rigide (41 , 42, 43) de l'élément d'ossature (30), la conduite flexible (32) étant montée coulissante axialement dans l'entretoise (34). 6. - assembly (18) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spacer (34) is fixed axially on a rigid portion (41, 42, 43) of the element frame (30), the flexible pipe (32) being slidably mounted axially in the spacer (34).
7. - Ensemble (18) selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'entretoise (34) définit au moins une lumière de passage (45) de la conduite flexible (32). 7. - assembly (18) according to claim 6, wherein the spacer (34) defines at least one passage lumen (45) of the flexible pipe (32).
8. - Ensemble (18) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la longueur de la conduite flexible (32) est sensiblement identique à la longueur de l'élément d'ossature (30). The assembly (18) of any preceding claim, wherein the length of the flexible pipe (32) is substantially the same as the length of the framing member (30).
9. - Ensemble (18) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la conduite flexible (32) comprend une pluralité de tronçons flexibles (44) montés bout à bout. An assembly (18) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flexible conduit (32) comprises a plurality of flexible sections (44) mounted end to end.
10.- Ensemble (18) selon la revendication 9, dans lequel la longueur d'au moins un tronçon (44) de la conduite flexible (32) est supérieure ou égale à 11 mètres. 10. An assembly (18) according to claim 9, wherein the length of at least one section (44) of the flexible pipe (32) is greater than or equal to 11 meters.
11. - Ensemble (18) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'ensemble (18) comprend une grappe de conduites flexibles (32) montées conjointement sur un élément d'ossature (30) commun. An assembly (18) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the assembly (18) comprises a cluster of flexible conduits (32) mounted together on a common framing member (30).
12. - Installation d'exploitation de fluide comprenant : 12. - Fluid operation installation comprising:
- une structure de surface (14), et  a surface structure (14), and
- un ensemble (18) de prélèvement d'eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 1 1 , une première partie rigide (41 ) de l'élément d'ossature (30) étant raccordée rigidement à la structure (14), une deuxième partie rigide (42) de l'élément d'ossature (30) étant articulée sur la première partie (41 ) à l'écart de la structure (14), la hauteur (h1 ) séparant la structure (14) de la deuxième partie (42) étant avantageusement strictement supérieure à 1 mètre.  - a water sampling assembly (18) according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1, a first rigid portion (41) of the frame member (30) being rigidly connected to the structure (14), a second rigid portion (42) of the frame member (30) being articulated on the first portion (41) away from the structure (14), the height (h1) separating the structure (14) from the second part (42) being advantageously strictly greater than 1 meter.
13. - Installation selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle la structure (14) comprend une unité (16) de traitement de fluide notamment une usine de liquéfaction de gaz naturel. 13. - Installation according to claim 12, wherein the structure (14) comprises a unit (16) for fluid treatment including a liquefaction plant natural gas.
14. - Procédé de fabrication d'un ensemble (18) de prélèvement d'eau à partir d'une structure (14) disposée à la surface ou dans une étendue d'eau (12), le procédé comprenant : - le montage d'au moins une conduite flexible (32) de prélèvement d'eau destinée à être raccordée à la structure (14) et s'étendant le long de la direction d'élévation (Z),14. - A method of manufacturing an assembly (18) for taking water from a structure (14) disposed on the surface or in a body of water (12), the method comprising: the mounting of at least one flexible water sampling pipe (32) intended to be connected to the structure (14) and extending along the elevation direction (Z),
- l'assemblage d'au moins une première partie rigide (41 ) destinée à être raccordée rigidement à la structure (14) avec au moins une deuxième partie rigide (42) articulée sur la première partie (41 ) par au moins un premier organe d'articulation (40), et l'assemblage d'au moins une troisième partie rigide (43), un deuxième organe d'articulation (40) raccordant la troisième partie rigide (43) à la deuxième partie rigide (42) pour obtenir un élément allongé d'ossature (30) s'étendant le long de la direction d'élévation (Z), - The assembly of at least a first rigid portion (41) intended to be rigidly connected to the structure (14) with at least a second rigid portion (42) articulated on the first portion (41) by at least a first member hinge (40), and assembling at least one third rigid portion (43), a second hinge member (40) connecting the third rigid portion (43) to the second rigid portion (42) to obtain an elongate framing member (30) extending along the elevation direction (Z),
- la fixation d'une entretoise (34) à l'élément d'ossature (30), et  - fixing a spacer (34) to the frame member (30), and
- le guidage latéral, par l'entretoise (34), de la conduite flexible (32) par rapport à l'élément d'ossature (30).  - The lateral guidance, by the spacer (34), of the flexible pipe (32) relative to the frame member (30).
15.- Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 14, comprenant en outre : 15. The manufacturing method according to claim 14, further comprising:
- la détermination d'une information représentative des oscillations de la conduite flexible (32) dans l'étendue d'eau en fonction de conditions météorologiques prédéfinies, et  determining information representative of the oscillations of the flexible pipe (32) in the body of water according to predefined meteorological conditions, and
- le calcul de la longueur des parties rigides (41 , 42, 43) de l'élément d'ossature (30), du nombre d'organes d'articulation (40) et/ou de la position de la ou des entretoises (34) en fonction de l'information représentative.  - calculating the length of the rigid parts (41, 42, 43) of the framing member (30), the number of hinge members (40) and / or the position of the spacer (s) ( 34) according to the representative information.
PCT/EP2016/061350 2015-06-11 2016-05-19 Assembly for drawing up water from a structure arranged on the surface of or in an expanse of water, and associated installation and manufacturing method WO2016198250A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1555322 2015-06-11
FR1555322A FR3037343B1 (en) 2015-06-11 2015-06-11 WATER COLLECTION ASSEMBLY FROM A SURFACE OR WATER EXTENDED STRUCTURE, INSTALLATION AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

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FR3037343A1 (en) 2016-12-16

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