WO2016197275A1 - 一种公路系统及其电动车充电方法 - Google Patents
一种公路系统及其电动车充电方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016197275A1 WO2016197275A1 PCT/CN2015/000420 CN2015000420W WO2016197275A1 WO 2016197275 A1 WO2016197275 A1 WO 2016197275A1 CN 2015000420 W CN2015000420 W CN 2015000420W WO 2016197275 A1 WO2016197275 A1 WO 2016197275A1
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- electric vehicle
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- charging station
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 8
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009440 infrastructure construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/20—Systems characterised by their energy storage means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a road system and a charging method thereof for electric vehicles, in particular to a road system with solar power generation and a charging station thereof.
- a solar cell is a device that converts solar energy directly into electrical energy due to the photovoltaic effect. It is a semiconductor photodiode. When the sun shines on the photodiode, the photodiode turns the solar light into electrical energy. Current. When many batteries are connected in series or in parallel, they can become a square of solar cells with relatively large output power.
- the existing solar panels include crystalline silicon panels and thin film solar cells, among which the photoelectric conversion efficiency of single crystal silicon solar cells is about 15%, and the highest is 24%, and each square meter can be To generate 200w of electricity; amorphous silicon solar cells are new thin film solar cells that appeared in 1976. The process is greatly simplified, the silicon material consumes less, and the power consumption is lower.
- the solar energy received on Earth every day can fully meet the daily power demand of 1 billion electric vehicles around the world.
- the key is to find innovative ways to build enough solar power plants in a limited space, and at the same time with charging stations.
- the distance is relatively close and will not be far from the human settlement.
- a specific scheme of a road system and an electric vehicle charging method thereof a bracket is arranged on two sides or above the road, and a plurality of solar panels are installed on the bracket, and the solar panels and the control system thereof and the energy storage device constitute a power generation system. Power is supplied to the nearest charging station, which charges the battery of the electric vehicle, and the further solar power generation system uses the lithium battery pack of the electric vehicle as the energy storage device, and the charging station includes at least two sets of charging piles, each charging pile Operators, interfaces, and communication interfaces are configured.
- the electric vehicle charging method of the present invention is that when the electric vehicle user drives the electric vehicle to the charging station, the charging station staff unloads the user's lithium battery pack, and installs the pre-charged lithium battery in the user's electric vehicle.
- the unloaded battery pack is connected to a charging post interface, the battery pack being incorporated into a power storage system of the charging station, which is charged by the power of the solar power generation system.
- the solar panels above and on both sides provide certain protection for the road surface, reducing the damage to the road surface caused by sun, rain and snow, and reducing maintenance costs.
- the establishment of solar charging stations provides power protection for the popularization of electric vehicles in the future, and eliminates automobile exhaust pollution caused by fuel vehicles.
- the secondary pollution caused by Lai Petrochemical's energy and electricity charging has realized all clean energy and green transportation; excess electricity can be sold to nearby cities or villages, at least to meet the power needs of all street lamps.
- the present invention is a truly green sustainable green transportation system. In line with the future direction of human development.
- Embodiment 1 At the interval of the road, preferably, every 100 kilometers, an electric vehicle charging station is selected.
- the charging station is equipped with a certain number of charging piles, concentrators, battery management system/BMS, and charging management service platform. .
- the control circuit of the electric vehicle charging pile is mainly completed by the embedded ARM processor.
- the user can self-swipe the card for user authentication, balance inquiry, billing inquiry and the like, and can also provide a voice output interface to realize voice interaction.
- the charging management centrally manages the basic data involved in the system. There are three main functions: charging management, charging operation, and comprehensive inquiry. It is preferable to equip at least 5 charging piles to charge 10 different types of electric vehicles at the same time.
- the existing street lamp bracket is used as the main frame, and the solar panels, each of which is 3 square meters, are installed south to form a solar power generation side.
- the solar power transmission line is directly connected to the street lamp power supply, and the battery of the charging station connected to the transmission bus bar is preferably a lithium battery, and its specification model is completely matched with the lithium battery of the existing electric vehicle, and is used as an energy storage device of the charging station. .
- the electric vehicle When the user is on the road, once the battery power is found to be insufficient, the electric vehicle will be exercised to the charging station.
- the charging station staff will unload the user's lithium battery and replace it with a lithium battery that is fully charged beforehand. This process only needs to be performed. In a few minutes, it is almost the same as the current car refueling time; it avoids the user waiting for a long time.
- the unloaded battery is connected to the charging post as the power storage system of the charging station. If the battery is fully charged, it is installed on the next electric vehicle of the same type, and its function is to store the electric energy of the solar power system of the road. To provide electricity for street lights or nearby users.
- This recycling reduces the number of first-time use of the energy storage battery of the solar power plant, and utilizes the lithium battery of the electric vehicle user as a supplement, and can also save the construction cost saved to the user, thereby reducing the user charging cost. Further, if the user of the electric vehicle is charged with a sufficient number of lithium batteries, the charging station can return the money for purchasing the battery to the user, so that the utilization rate of the lithium battery of most electric vehicles is greatly improved.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
一种公路系统及其电动车充电方法，其特征是公路两侧或者上方安装了若干个太阳能电池板，这些太阳能电池板构成发电系统，为最近的充电站提供电力，充电站包括若干个充电桩，充电桩自带操作器和通讯接口。将充足电的锂电池，替换用户的电动汽车卸载下的锂电池，这样避免了用户长时间的等待。卸载的电池接入充电桩，并入到充电站的电力储能系统，直到该电池组在充满电时，被安装在下一个同类型的电动汽车上。
Description
本发明涉及一种公路系统及其电动车充电方法，特别是涉及一种具有太阳能发电及其充电站的公路系统。
2010年，全球汽车数量将增到10亿辆。“汽车灾难”已经形成，汽车在不断消耗着地球的资源，消耗的汽油约占全球汽油消费量的1/3。空气污染中的有毒气体，70％出自汽车尾气，主要化学成分是二氧化硫、一氧化硫、氮氧化物、铅等。一些城市地区出现的光化学烟雾，重要原因就是汽车排放的碳氢化合物和氮氧化合物，通过阳光紫外线作用，形成有毒烟雾；自汽车尾气威胁着人类的健康。
电动汽车作为一种发展前景广阔的绿色交通工具，具有零排放、无噪音等明显优势今后的普及速度会异常迅猛，未来的市场前景也是异常巨大的。比亚迪和特斯拉等电动汽车的推出，加速了在世界范围内普及电动汽车的步伐。一个典型的电池组大约有96个电池，用来驱动通用的电动汽车30kw的电动机。电动汽车要替代传统的燃油汽车，除了电池需要技术突破外，主要就是充电站的建设以及充电的电力来源，如果其电力来源依然依靠传统的燃煤电厂，那么电动汽车会带来燃煤过程产生的二次污染，失去了普及电动车的本来意义。还有就是充电站内充电桩数量不足造成充电不便，也是制约电动车发展的主要瓶颈。还有充电桩盈利模式并不清晰，如果收费太低，投资回报周期过长，将影响社会资本对充电桩等基础设施建设的投资热情；而另一方面，如果收费过高，无疑将冲抵新能源汽车的用车成本优势。一个充电桩可同时为两辆汽车充电，从没电到充满的充电时间为6至8小时，漫长的等待也是一个对电动汽车用户的信心的考验。
所以如果要普及全球几亿辆电动汽车，满足其电力需求，需要建立众多的太阳能电站，或者再生能源电站。太阳能电站占用大量的土地资源，一些城市土地紧缺；如果太阳能发电站建造在沙漠等偏远地区，增加了电力传输距离，太阳能发电的输出电压本来就很低380v，电压线损大幅度降低。增加过多的变电设施又会增加成本，得不偿失。
发明内容
太阳能电池是一种由于光生伏特效应而将太阳光能直接转化为电能的器件，是一个半导体光电二极管，当太阳光照到光电二极管上时，光电二极管就会把太阳的光能变成电能，产生电流。当许多个电池串联或并联起来就可以成为有比较大的输出功率的太阳能电池方阵了。现有的太阳能电池板有晶体硅电池板和薄膜太阳能电池等，其中单晶硅太阳能电池的光电转换效率为15％左右，最高的达到24％，每平方米可
以产生200w的电力；非晶硅太阳电池是1976年出现的新型薄膜式太阳电池，工艺过程大大简化，硅材料消耗很少，电耗更低，它的主要优点是在弱光条件也能发电。2013年，美国加州大学洛杉矶分校材料学家Yang Yang报告称，他的团队已经制备出效率为19.3％的钙钛矿/perovskite太阳能电池，预计2020实际光电转换效率完全可以达到15％。
地球上每天接受到的太阳能，完全可以满足全球的10亿辆电动汽车的每天的电力需求，关键是找到创新的方法，如何在有限的空间，建设足够多的太阳能发电站，同时又和充电站的距离比较近，又不会远离人类居住区。目前，许多国家地区，为了解决太阳能电站占地面积大的问题，将其建设在偏远的沙漠地区，由于远离人类居住区，这样无疑增加了电力传输距离，导致其投资大，还有就是，由于交通不便，发电站的维护也不方便。
截止2012年底，全世界公路总长约2200万公里，其中美国最多，约为700万公里；中国公路总里程达423.75万公里，全国等级公路里程360.96万公里。公路运输具有机动灵活、直达门户的特点，是整个交通运输的重要组成部分。这些公路就是太阳能发电站的最好建设基地。按照每块电池板长3米，宽1米计算，就是3平米，日照每天8小时，每平米产生150w电力，太阳能利用率60％。按照30％的公路的上方或者两侧，架设电池板，平均每公里产生的电力是：300米*3*0.15*0.6*8＝648kw；每百公路产生的电力就是648kw*100＝64800kw
按照每百公里建立一个充电站，每个充电站得到的太阳能电力是60000kw，可以每天为2000辆30kw的电动汽车充电。中国的360万公里如果全部安装了太阳能电池板，产生的电力是360万*648kw＝228亿千瓦，可以为近10亿辆电动汽车充电。美国公路产生的太阳能电力将超过400亿千瓦。
一种公路系统及其电动车充电方法的具体方案：在公路两侧或者上方设置了支架，支架上安装了若干个太阳能电池板，这些太阳能电池板和其控制系统以及储能装置构成发电系统，为最近的充电站提供电力，所述的充电站为电动汽车的电池充电，进一步的太阳能发电系统使用电动汽车的锂电池组作为储能装置，充电站包括最少2组充电桩，每个充电桩配置了操作器、接口和通讯接口。本发明的电动车充电方法是，当电动车用户将电动车驾驶到充电站，充电站的工作人员卸载下用户的锂电池组，并将事先充足电的锂电池，安装在用户的电动车内；卸载下的电池组接入充电桩接口，所述的电池组并入到充电站的电力储能系统，由所述的太阳能发电系统的电力为其充电。
本发明产生的技术效果是：
1.充分利用了公路两侧和上方空间，用来占用大量面积的太阳能发电系统提供，降低了占地成本，解决了太阳能发电站大量占用土地或者远离人类群落的弊端
2.上方和两侧的太阳能电池板为公路路面提供了一定的保护，减少了日晒雨雪等对路面的破坏作用，降低了维护费用。
3.太阳能充电站的建立为未来电动汽车的普及提供了电力保障，杜绝燃油汽车而产生的汽车尾气污染，依
赖石化能源电力充电而产生的二次污染，实现了全部的清洁能源和绿色运输；多余电力可以出售给附近的城市或者乡村，至少可以满足全部路灯的电力需求。
综上所述，本发明是真正的绿色可持续发展的绿色交通系统。符合人类未来的发展方向。
下面结合具体实例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1：在公路每间隔一段距离，优选的，每隔100公里处选址建设一个电动汽车充电站，充电站配备一定数量充电桩、集中器、电池管理系统系统/BMS、充电管理服务平台。电动汽车充电桩的控制电路主要由嵌入式ARM处理器完成，用户可自助刷卡进行用户鉴权、余额查询、计费查询等功能，也可提供语音输出接口，实现语音交互。充电管理对系统涉及到的基础数据进行集中式管理，主要有三个功能：充电管理、充电运营、综合查询。优选最少配备5个充电桩，可以同时为10辆不同型号的电动汽车充电。在充电站两侧各10公里之内的公路边上搭建支架，优选的，利用现有的路灯支架作为主框架，将太阳能电池板，每块是3平方米，朝南安装，形成太阳能发电方阵系统，将太阳能的输电线直接连接到路灯供电，并且将输电母线连接的充电站的蓄电池优选锂电池，其规格型号和现有的电动汽车的锂电池完全匹配，作为充电站的储能装置。
当用户在公路行驶过程中，一旦发现电池电力不足，将电动汽车行使到充电站，充电站的工作人员，将用户的汽车锂电池卸载，并用将事先充足电的锂电池替换，这个过程只需要几分钟，和目前的汽车加油的时间几乎是一样的；避免了用户长时间的等待。卸载下的电池接入充电桩作为充电站的电力储能系统，如果这个电池在充满电的情况下，被安装在下一个同类型的电动汽车上，其作用是将公路的太阳能发电系统电能储存起来，为路灯或者附近的用户提供电力。这样循环使用，减少了太阳能电站的储能电池的首次使用数量，利用电动汽车用户的锂电池，作为一个补充，同时可以将节省的建设成本回馈给用户，减低用户充电成本。进一步的，如果电动汽车的用户充锂电池电的次数足够多，充电站可以将其购买电池的钱返还给用户，这样大部分电动汽车的锂电池的利用率大幅度提高。
进一步的，电池板的背面可以投放一些商业广告，获取部分广告收入，渐少公路太阳能发电站的建设成本。
Claims (4)
- 一种公路系统及其电动车充电方法，公路系统包括至少一个充电站，其特征是充电站的公路两侧或者上方设置了支架，支架上安装了若干个太阳能电池板，这些太阳能电池板和其控制系统以及储能装置构成发电系统，为最近的充电站提供电力，所述的充电站为电动汽车的电池充电。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种公路系统及其电动车充电方法，其特征是所述的太阳能发电系统使用电动汽车的锂电池组作为储能装置，所述的锂电池组包括各种型号。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种公路系统及其电动车充电方法，其特征是所述的充电站包括最少2组充电桩，每个充电桩配置了操作器、接口和通讯接口。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种公路系统及其电动车充电方法，其特征是，电动车用户将电动车驾驶到充电站，充电站的工作人员卸载下用户的锂电池组，并将事先充足电的锂电池，安装在用户的电动车内；卸载下的电池组接入充电桩接口，所述的电池组并入到充电站的电力储能系统，由所述的太阳能发电系统的电力为其充电。
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