WO2016195229A1 - Ship - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2016195229A1
WO2016195229A1 PCT/KR2016/003541 KR2016003541W WO2016195229A1 WO 2016195229 A1 WO2016195229 A1 WO 2016195229A1 KR 2016003541 W KR2016003541 W KR 2016003541W WO 2016195229 A1 WO2016195229 A1 WO 2016195229A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
valve
boil
heat exchanger
compressor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2016/003541
Other languages
French (fr)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
신현준
최동규
문영식
안수경
장현민
손재욱
이준채
Original Assignee
대우조선해양 주식회사
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020150135999A external-priority patent/KR101599407B1/en
Application filed by 대우조선해양 주식회사 filed Critical 대우조선해양 주식회사
Priority to SG11201709996SA priority Critical patent/SG11201709996SA/en
Priority to RU2017145879A priority patent/RU2703368C2/en
Priority to CN201680045324.4A priority patent/CN107848607B/en
Priority to EP16803584.8A priority patent/EP3305644B1/en
Priority to US15/579,581 priority patent/US10661874B2/en
Priority to JP2016556019A priority patent/JP6285565B2/en
Publication of WO2016195229A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016195229A1/en
Priority to PH12017502173A priority patent/PH12017502173A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0287—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers characterised by the transition from liquid to gaseous phase ; Injection in liquid phase; Cooling and low temperature storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B63J2099/001—Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse
    • B63J2099/003—Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse of cargo oil or fuel, or of boil-off gases, e.g. for propulsive purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0185—Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0358—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling by expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F17C2265/017—Purifying the fluid by separating different phases of a same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/72—Processing device is used off-shore, e.g. on a platform or floating on a ship or barge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ship, and more particularly, to a ship including a system for re-liquefying the remaining boil-off gas used as the fuel of the engine in the boil-off gas generated inside the storage tank.
  • Liquefied gas liquefied gas at low temperature has the advantage that the storage and transport efficiency can be improved because the volume is very small compared to the gas.
  • liquefied gas, including liquefied natural gas can remove or reduce air pollutants during the liquefaction process, it can be seen as an environmentally friendly fuel with less emissions of air pollutants during combustion.
  • Liquefied natural gas is a colorless and transparent liquid obtained by liquefying natural gas containing methane as a main component at about -162 °C, and has a volume of about 1/600 compared with natural gas. Therefore, when liquefied and transported natural gas can be transported very efficiently.
  • the liquefaction temperature of natural gas is a cryogenic temperature of -162 °C
  • liquefied natural gas is easily evaporated because it is sensitive to temperature changes.
  • the storage tank storing the liquefied natural gas is insulated.
  • the natural gas is continuously vaporized in the storage tank during the transport of the liquefied natural gas.
  • -Off Gas, BOG occurs.
  • BOG -Off Gas
  • Boil-off gas is a kind of loss and is an important problem in transportation efficiency.
  • the internal pressure of the tank may be excessively increased, and there is also a risk that the tank may be damaged. Accordingly, various methods for treating the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank have been studied.
  • a method of re-liquefying the boil-off gas to return to the storage tank, and returning the boil-off gas to the fuel of a ship engine The method used as an energy source of a consumer is used.
  • a refrigeration cycle using a separate refrigerant is used to re-liquefy the boil-off gas by exchanging the boil-off gas with the refrigerant, and a method of re-liquefying the boil-off gas itself as a refrigerant without a separate refrigerant.
  • PRS Partial Re-liquefaction System
  • DFDE is composed of four strokes and adopts the Otto Cycle, which injects natural gas with a relatively low pressure of 6.5 bar into the combustion air inlet and compresses the piston as it rises.
  • the ME-GI engine is composed of two strokes and employs a diesel cycle that directly injects high pressure natural gas near 300 bar into the combustion chamber near the top dead center of the piston. Recently, there is a growing interest in ME-GI engines with better fuel efficiency and propulsion efficiency.
  • a ship including a storage tank for storing liquefied gas, it is installed downstream of the storage tank, compressed by the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank as a refrigerant
  • An boil-off gas heat exchanger for cooling by boil-off heat of the boil-off gas (hereinafter referred to as 'first fluid');
  • a compressor installed downstream of the boil-off heat exchanger to compress a portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank;
  • a spare compressor installed downstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger in parallel with the compressor to compress another portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank;
  • a refrigerant heat exchanger for further cooling the first fluid cooled by the evaporative gas heat exchanger;
  • a refrigerant pressure reducing device which is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger (hereinafter, the fluid sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger is referred to as a 'second fluid'), and expands the second fluid cooled by the refrigerant heat
  • first fluid comprises: an evaporated gas compressed by the compressor; And a stream in which the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor are joined.
  • the second fluid may be any one of: an evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor; And a stream in which the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor are joined. Any one of the vessels is provided.
  • the vessel may further include a gas-liquid separator for separating the partially liquefied liquefied gas and the evaporated gas remaining in the gaseous state through the boil-off gas heat exchanger, the refrigerant heat exchanger and the first decompression device,
  • the liquefied gas separated by the gas-liquid separator may be sent to the storage tank, and the boil-off gas separated by the gas-liquid separator may be sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger.
  • the first fluid branches into two streams upstream of the fuel source, with a portion passing sequentially through the boil-off gas heat exchanger, the refrigerant heat exchanger, and the first depressurization device, and some or all of which may be reliquefied, Some may be sent to the fuel demand.
  • the second fluid used as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger is again sent to the spare compressor, whereby the spare compressor and the refrigerant heat exchange
  • a refrigerant cycle of a closed loop connecting the refrigerant pressure reducing device to the refrigerant heat exchanger may be formed.
  • the second fluid used as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger after being compressed by the redundant compressor and passed through the refrigerant heat exchanger and the refrigerant pressure reducing device passes through the evaporative gas heat exchanger after being discharged from the storage tank. It can be combined with the boil-off gas.
  • the vessel may further include a valve installed on a line for communicating the first fluid and the second fluid, wherein the valve is evaporated by the extra compressor and the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor. It can be opened and closed to join or separate gases.
  • the refrigerant reducing device may be an expander, and the fluid immediately before passing through the refrigerant reducing device and the fluid immediately after passing may be gaseous.
  • the boil-off gas treatment system including a storage tank for storing liquefied gas, after compressing a portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank by a compressor A first supply line for sending to fuel demand; A second supply line branched from the first supply line to compress another portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank by an extra compressor; A return line branched from the first supply line to reliquefy the compressed boil-off gas through an boil-off gas heat exchanger, a refrigerant heat exchanger, and a first pressure reducing device; A recirculation line passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger and the refrigerant pressure reducing device and sending the cooled boil-off gas back to the refrigerant heat exchanger for use as a refrigerant, and then joining the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank; A first additional line connecting between the refrigerant reducing device and the recirculation line downstream of the refrigerant heat exchanger
  • the heat exchanger cools the evaporated gas supplied along the return line
  • the refrigerant heat exchanger comprises: an evaporated gas supplied along the recirculation line using the evaporated gas passed through the refrigerant reducing device as a refrigerant; And an evaporation gas supplied along the return line.
  • the vessel's boil-off gas treatment system includes: a first valve installed on the first supply line upstream of the compressor; A second valve installed on the first supply line downstream of the compressor; A third valve installed on the second supply line upstream of the redundant compressor; A fourth valve installed on the second supply line downstream of the redundant compressor; A fifth valve installed on the return line upstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger; A sixth valve installed in the recirculation line upstream of the refrigerant pressure reducing device and the refrigerant heat exchanger; A ninth valve installed in the recirculation line downstream of the refrigerant reducing device and the refrigerant heat exchanger; A tenth valve installed on the first additional line; A twelfth valve installed on the second additional line; A thirteenth valve installed on the third additional line; A fourteenth valve installed on the fourth additional line; And a fifteenth valve installed on the fifth additional line.
  • the boil-off gas treatment system of the vessel may further include an eleventh valve installed on the first supply line upstream of the fuel demand and downstream of the second supply line.
  • the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the tenth valve are opened, and the fourth valve, the ninth valve, the twelfth valve, and the first valve are opened.
  • the thirteenth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve operate the system in the closed state, and close the third valve when the boil-off gas is supplied to the spare compressor, so that the boil-off gas is supplied to the spare compressor, the sixth valve,
  • a closed loop refrigerant cycle may be formed to circulate the refrigerant heat exchanger, the refrigerant pressure reducing device, the refrigerant heat exchanger, and the tenth valve.
  • the first valve, the second valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the tenth valve are closed, and the third valve and the fourth valve are opened, and from the storage tank.
  • the boil-off gas passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger may be supplied to the fuel demand via the third valve, the spare compressor, and the fourth valve.
  • the first valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the twelfth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve are opened, and the second valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the fifth valve are opened.
  • the ninth valve, the tenth valve, and the thirteenth valve drive the system in a closed state, and when the boil-off gas is supplied to the compressor, close the first valve so that the boil-off gas is placed on the compressor, the fourteenth valve, the A closed loop refrigerant cycle circulating through the refrigerant heat exchanger, the refrigerant pressure reducing device, the refrigerant heat exchanger, and the twelfth valve may be formed.
  • the third valve, the fourth valve, the twelfth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve are closed, and the first valve and the second valve are opened to open the storage tank.
  • the boil-off gas passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger may be supplied to the fuel demand via the first valve, the compressor, and the second valve.
  • the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, the ninth valve, and the thirteenth valve are opened, and the fourth valve, the tenth valve, and the fifth valve are opened.
  • the twelve valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve are closed to operate by combining the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the spare compressor.
  • the third valve is closed by closing the first valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the ninth valve, and having passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger after being discharged from the storage tank.
  • the valve may be supplied to the fuel demand via the spare compressor, the thirteenth valve, and the second valve.
  • the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the ninth valve are opened, and the fourth valve, the tenth valve, the twelfth valve, and the ninth valve are opened.
  • the thirteenth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve may be closed to separate and operate the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the spare compressor.
  • the first valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the ninth valve are closed, the thirteenth valve is opened, and discharged from the storage tank to pass through the evaporative gas heat exchanger.
  • the boil-off gas may be supplied to the fuel demand via the third valve, the spare compressor, the thirteenth valve, and the second valve.
  • the compressor downstream line and the extra compressor downstream line may be connected so that the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor may be combined with the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor.
  • the present invention can increase the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction since the evaporated gas is decompressed after the additional cooling process by the refrigerant heat exchanger.
  • it is economical to re-liquefy most or all of the remaining boil-off gas without using a refrigeration cycle using a separate refrigerant.
  • the re-liquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction are increased by using the spare compressor that is already installed, it contributes to securing the space on board and further reduces the cost of installing the compressor.
  • not only the boil-off gas compressed by the spare compressor but also the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor can be used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger, thereby increasing the flow rate of the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger. It is possible to further increase the liquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a conventional partial reliquefaction system.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a system for treating boil-off gas in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing a system for treating the boil-off gas in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph schematically showing the phase change of methane with temperature and pressure.
  • the vessel of the present invention can be applied to various applications, such as a vessel equipped with an engine using natural gas as a fuel, and a vessel including a liquefied gas storage tank.
  • a vessel equipped with an engine using natural gas as a fuel and a vessel including a liquefied gas storage tank.
  • the following examples may be modified in many different forms, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
  • the system for the treatment of boil-off gas to be described later of the present invention includes all kinds of vessels and offshore structures, that is, liquefied natural gas carriers, liquefied ethane gas carriers, equipped with storage tanks capable of storing low temperature liquid cargo or liquefied gas, It can be applied to ships such as LNG RV, as well as offshore structures such as LNG FPSO, LNG FSRU.
  • LNG RV liquefied natural gas carriers
  • LNG FPSO liquefied ethane gas carriers
  • the fluid in each line of the present invention may be in any one of a liquid state, a gas-liquid mixed state, a gas state, and a supercritical fluid state, depending on the operating conditions of the system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a conventional partial reliquefaction system.
  • the boil-off gas generated and discharged from the storage tank for storing the liquid cargo is transferred along the pipe and compressed in the boil-off gas compression unit 10.
  • the storage tank (T) has a sealing and insulation barrier to store liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas in a cryogenic state, but it cannot completely block the heat transmitted from the outside, and the liquefied gas evaporates continuously in the tank.
  • the internal pressure of the tank may be increased, and to prevent excessive increase in the tank pressure due to the boil-off gas, and to discharge the boil-off gas inside the storage tank to maintain an appropriate level of internal pressure, the boil-off gas compression unit 10 may be used. Supply.
  • the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank and compressed in the boil-off gas compression unit 10 is called a first stream
  • the first stream of compressed boil-off gas is divided into a second stream and a third stream
  • the second stream is liquefied. It is configured to return to the storage tank (T), and the third stream can be configured to supply to a gas fuel consumer such as a propulsion engine or a power generation engine on board.
  • the boil-off gas compression unit 10 may compress the boil-off gas to the supply pressure of the fuel consumer, and the second stream may branch through all or part of the boil-off gas compression unit as necessary.
  • all of the compressed boil-off gas may be supplied to the third stream, or all of the compressed boil-off gas may be supplied to the second stream to return the compressed boil-off gas to the storage tank.
  • Gas fuel consumption sources include high pressure gas injection engines (eg, ME-GI engines developed by MDT) and low pressure gas injection engines (eg, Wartsila's Generation X-Dual Fuel engine). ), DF Generator, gas turbine, DFDE and the like.
  • the heat exchanger 20 is installed to liquefy the second stream of compressed boil-off gas, and the boil-off gas generated from the storage tank is used as a cold heat source of the compressed boil-off gas.
  • the compressed boil-off gas, ie, the second stream, which has risen in temperature during the compression in the boil-off gas compression unit while passing through the heat exchanger 20 is cooled, and the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank and introduced into the heat exchanger 20 is heated. And is supplied to the boil-off gas compression unit 10.
  • the second stream of compressed boil-off gas may be supplied with cold heat from the boil-off gas before being compressed to at least partially liquefy.
  • the heat exchanger heat-exchanges the low-temperature evaporated gas immediately after being discharged from the storage tank and the high-pressure evaporated gas compressed by the evaporated gas compression unit to liquefy the high-pressure evaporated gas.
  • the boil-off gas of the second stream passing through the heat exchanger 20 is further cooled while being decompressed while passing through expansion means 30 such as an expansion valve or expander, and is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 40.
  • expansion means 30 such as an expansion valve or expander
  • the liquefied boil-off gas is separated from the gas and the liquid component in the gas-liquid separator, and the liquid component, that is, the liquefied natural gas, is returned to the storage tank, and the gas component, that is, the boil-off gas, is discharged from the storage tank so as to exchange the heat exchanger 20 and the boil-off gas.
  • the evaporation gas flow supplied to the compression unit 10 is joined to the evaporation gas flow, or supplied to the heat exchanger 20 and used as a cold heat source for heat-exchanging the high-pressure evaporation gas compressed by the evaporation gas compression unit 10. May be Of course, it may be sent to a gas combustion unit (GCU) or the like for combustion, or may be sent to a gas consumer (including a gas engine) for consumption.
  • GCU gas combustion unit
  • Another expansion means 50 may be further installed to further depressurize the gas separated in the gas-liquid separator before joining the boil-off gas stream.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system of the present embodiment is characterized in that the refrigerant circulation section 300a for receiving the boil off gas generated from the low temperature liquid cargo stored in the storage tank to circulate the boil off gas to the refrigerant .
  • a refrigerant supply line for supplying the boil-off gas from the storage tank to the refrigerant circulation unit 300a
  • the valve supply line is provided with a valve 400a, a sufficient amount of evaporation gas to circulate the refrigerant circulation unit
  • the refrigerant circulation unit 300a is operated in a closed loop (closed loop).
  • a compressor 100a for compressing the boil-off gas generated from the low temperature liquid cargo of the storage tank T is provided.
  • the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank is introduced into the compressor 100a along the boil-off gas supply line BLa.
  • the storage tank T of the present embodiments may be made of an independent type tank in which the load of liquid cargo is not directly applied to the insulation layer, or a membrane type tank in which the load of cargo is directly applied to the insulation layer. Can be.
  • independent tank type tanks it is also possible to use a pressure vessel designed to withstand pressures of 2 barg or more.
  • the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor may be supplied as a fuel to a fuel demand including a propulsion engine and a power generation engine of a ship or offshore structure.
  • a fuel demand including a propulsion engine and a power generation engine of a ship or offshore structure.
  • the fuel consumption can consume the entire amount of boil-off gas, there may be no boil-off gas to be reliquefied.
  • the gaseous fuel consumption is low or absent, such as when the ship is anchored, the entire amount of the boil-off gas may be supplied to the reliquefaction line RLa.
  • the compressed boil-off gas is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 200a along the boil-off gas reliquefaction line RLa, and the boil-off gas heat exchanger 200a is the boil-off gas reliquefaction line RLa and the boil-off gas supply line BLa. It is provided over, and heat exchanges the boil-off gas to be introduced into the compressor (100a) and the boil-off gas compressed through at least a portion of the compressor.
  • the boil-off gas whose temperature is increased in the compression process is cooled by heat exchange with the low-temperature boil-off gas generated in the storage tank and introduced into the compressor 100a.
  • a refrigerant heat exchanger 500a is provided downstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger 200a, and the boil-off gas heat-exchanged in the boil-off gas heat exchanger after compression is further cooled through heat exchange with the boil-off gas circulating in the refrigerant circulation unit 300a. .
  • the refrigerant circulation unit 300a is configured to reduce the refrigerant compressor 310a for compressing the evaporated gas supplied from the storage tank, the cooler 320a for cooling the evaporated gas compressed by the refrigerant compressor, and reduce the evaporated gas cooled in the cooler. It further comprises a refrigerant pressure reducing device (330a) for additional cooling.
  • the refrigerant decompression device 330a may be an expansion valve or an expander that adiabatically expands and cools the boil-off gas.
  • the evaporated gas cooled through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 330a is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 500a as a refrigerant along the refrigerant circulation line CCLa, and is supplied from the refrigerant heat exchanger 500a through the evaporation gas heat exchanger 200a.
  • the boil-off gas is cooled through heat exchange with the boil-off gas.
  • the evaporated gas of the refrigerant circulation line CCLa passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 500a is circulated to the refrigerant compressor 310a to circulate through the refrigerant circulation line while undergoing the above-described compression and cooling process.
  • the boil-off gas of the boil-off gas reliquefaction line RLa cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 500a is reduced in pressure through the first pressure reducing device 600a.
  • the first pressure reducing device 600a may be an expansion valve such as a Joule-Thomson valve or an expander.
  • the pressurized boil-off gas is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 700a downstream of the first decompression device 600a and gas-liquid separated, and the liquid separated from the gas-liquid separator 700a, that is, liquefied natural gas, is supplied to the storage tank T. Restored.
  • the gas separated from the gas-liquid separator 700a ie, the boil-off gas
  • It may be used as a cold heat source that joins the gas stream or is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 200a to heat-exchange the boil-off gas under high pressure compressed by the compressor 100a.
  • it may be sent to a gas combustion unit (GCU) for combustion, or may be sent to a fuel demand (including a gas engine) for consumption.
  • GCU gas combustion unit
  • FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present embodiment cools the evaporated gas to be introduced into the refrigerant reducing device 330b from the cooler 320b in the refrigerant circulation unit 300b by heat exchange with the evaporated gas decompressed in the refrigerant reducing device 330b. After supplying to the refrigerant pressure reducing device (330b) is configured.
  • the evaporation gas downstream of the refrigerant decompression device is lower in temperature than the evaporation gas upstream of the refrigerant decompression device.
  • the boil-off gas upstream of the refrigerant reducing device 330b may be supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 500b (part A of FIG. 3). If necessary, a separate heat exchanger may be further configured to exchange heat with the boil-off gas upstream and downstream of the refrigerant pressure reducing device.
  • the system of the embodiments may re-liquefy and store the evaporated gas generated from the storage tank liquid cargo, thereby increasing the transport rate of the liquid cargo.
  • the gas compression unit GCU
  • GCU gas combustion unit
  • FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a system for treating boil-off gas in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the evaporation gas heat exchanger 110 is installed downstream of the storage tank (T); A compressor 120 and a spare compressor 122 installed downstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 to compress the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T; A cooler 130 for lowering the temperature of the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120; An extra cooler 132 for lowering the temperature of the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122; A first valve 191 installed upstream of the compressor 120; A second valve 192 installed downstream of the cooler 130; A third valve 193 installed upstream of the spare compressor 122; A fourth valve 194 installed downstream of the extra cooler 132; A refrigerant heat exchanger (140) for further cooling the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110); A refrigerant pressure reducing device (160) which expands the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger (140) and sends it back to the refrigerant heat exchanger (140); And a first pressure reducing
  • the boil-off gas naturally generated in the storage tank T and then discharged is supplied to the fuel demand 180 along the first supply line L1.
  • the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is installed in the first supply line (L1) to recover cold heat from the boil-off gas immediately after being discharged from the storage tank (T).
  • the vessel of the present embodiment may further include an eleventh valve 203 installed upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 to control the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas sent to the fuel demand unit 180.
  • the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 receives the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T, and uses the boil-off gas to cool the boil-off gas supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3.
  • a fifth valve 195 may be installed on the return line L3 to control the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas.
  • the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 compress the boil-off gas passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
  • the compressor 120 is installed on the first supply line L1
  • the spare compressor 122 is installed on the second supply line L2.
  • the second supply line L2 branches from the first supply line L1 upstream of the compressor 120 and is connected to the first supply line L1 downstream of the compressor 120.
  • the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may be installed in parallel, and may be a compressor having the same performance.
  • an additional compressor 122 and an extra cooler 132 are additionally installed in a ship in preparation for a failure of the compressor 120 and the cooler 130.
  • the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132 are not used in the usual case in which the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is not broken.
  • the third valve 193 upstream of the spare compressor 122 and the fourth valve 194 downstream of the spare cooler 132 are closed.
  • the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is broken and the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is broken, the third valve upstream of the spare compressor 122 may be supplied to the boil-off gas through the compressor 120 and the cooler 130.
  • the fourth valve 194 downstream of the 193 and the extra cooler 132 is opened, and the first valve 191 upstream of the compressor 120 and the second valve 192 downstream of the cooler 130 are closed to remove the boil-off gas. Is passed through the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132 to be supplied to the fuel demand (180).
  • the present invention is to increase the re-liquefaction efficiency and the amount of re-liquefaction of the boil-off gas by using the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132, which has not been used in the prior art, by the extra compressor 122
  • the compressed boil-off gas is sent to the fuel demand unit 180, and the other portion is used as a refrigerant to further cool the boil-off gas in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
  • the methane is in a supercritical fluid state at a temperature of about ⁇ 80 ° C. or more and a pressure of about 55 bar or more. That is, in the case of methane, the critical point is about -80 °C, 55bar state.
  • the supercritical fluid state is a third state different from the liquid state or the gas state.
  • the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 or the extra compressor 122 may be in a gaseous state or a supercritical fluid state depending on the degree of compression.
  • the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 through the return line L3 is in a gaseous state
  • the boil-off gas passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the temperature is lowered to become a mixed state of liquid and gas.
  • the temperature may be lowered while passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 to become a “high pressure liquid state”.
  • the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 has a lower temperature while passing through the coolant heat exchanger 140.
  • the boil-off gas passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is a mixed state of liquid and gas.
  • the evaporated gas passes through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the temperature is lowered so that the proportion of the liquid becomes a mixed state or becomes a liquid state.
  • the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 The temperature will be lower as it passes through.
  • the boil-off gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is a "high-pressure liquid state"
  • the boil-off gas passes through the first decompression device 150 to lower the pressure to become a liquid state or a mixed state of liquid and gas. do.
  • the boil-off gas is lowered to the same degree (P in FIG. 7) by the first decompression device 150, the temperature is lower than that in the case where the temperature is lowered (X ⁇ X ′ in FIG. 7). It can be seen that when the pressure is reduced in the state (Y ⁇ Y ′ in FIG. 7), the proportion of the liquid becomes a higher mixed state. In addition, it can be seen that if the temperature can be further lowered, theoretically, 100% reliquefaction of the boil-off gas (Z ⁇ Z ′ in FIG. 7) is possible. Therefore, if the boil-off gas is further cooled by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 before passing through the first pressure reducing device 150, the re-liquefaction efficiency and the amount of re-liquefaction may be increased.
  • the present embodiment compares the refrigerant cycles 300a and 300b for additionally cooling the boil-off gas in the first and second embodiments to form a closed loop.
  • the difference is that it consists of a loop.
  • the refrigerant circulation parts 300a and 300b are configured as closed loops, and the boil-off gas compressed by the refrigerant compressors 310a and 310b is transferred from the refrigerant heat exchangers 500a and 500b to the refrigerant. It is used only, and cannot be sent to fuel demand or undergo reliquefaction.
  • the refrigerant cycle is configured as an open loop, and after the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 joins the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120, a part of the boil-off boiled gas is fueled. It is sent to the customer (180), the other part is used as the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 refrigerant along the recirculation line (L5), the other part is subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3).
  • the recirculation line L5 is a line branching from the first supply line L1 downstream of the compressor 120 and connected to the first supply line L1 upstream of the compressor 120.
  • a sixth valve 196 may be installed to control the flow rate and opening / closing of the boil-off gas.
  • the present embodiment in which the refrigerant cycle is configured as an open loop is, in comparison with the first and second embodiments in which the refrigerant cycle is configured as a closed loop, in that the downstream line of the compressor 120 and the downstream line of the spare compressor 122 are connected.
  • the second supply line (L2) downstream of the extra compressor 122 is connected to the first supply line (L1) downstream of the compressor 120, the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 Is combined with the compressed boil-off gas by the compressor 120 and then sent to the refrigerant heat-exchanger 140, the fuel demand 180, or the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
  • This embodiment includes all other variants in which the downstream line of the compressor 120 and the downstream line of the spare compressor 122 are connected.
  • the demand amount in the fuel demand unit 180 increases, such as an increase in the operating speed of the ship, it is compressed by the spare compressor 122 as well as the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120.
  • the evaporated gas can also be sent to the fuel demand (180).
  • the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 are designed to have a capacity of approximately 1.2 times the amount required by the fuel demand 180, so that the excess compressor 122 exceeds the capacity of the compressor 120.
  • the boil-off gas compressed by is also required to be sent to the fuel demand unit 180, it hardly occurs. Rather, it is not possible to consume all of the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T in the fuel demand unit 180, and the amount of the evaporated gas to be reliquefied increases. More frequent
  • the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 can be used as a refrigerant for heat exchange in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
  • the evaporated gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line (L3) can be cooled to a lower temperature using more refrigerant, and the overall reliquefaction efficiency and reliquefaction Volume can be increased, and theoretically 100% reliquefaction is also possible.
  • the compressor 120, the cooler 130, the spare compressor 122, and the spare cooler 132 are all operated, and the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 fails, the reliquefaction efficiency and reliquefaction are also opened. Abandoning the amount, the first valve 191 and the second valve 192 are closed to operate the system only with the boil-off gas passed through the spare compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132.
  • the compressor 120 and the cooler 130 plays a main role
  • the spare compressor 122 and the spare cooler 132 play a secondary role
  • the compressor 120 and the spare compressor ( 122), the cooler 130 and the extra cooler 132 have the same role and are provided with two or more compressors and coolers having the same role in one ship, so that in case one fails, it can be replaced with other equipment. In that sense, it satisfies the concept of redundancy. The same applies to the following.
  • the amount of the boil-off gas to be reliquefied is very small. With or without. Therefore, when the vessel is operating at high speed, only one of the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122 may be driven.
  • the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may compress the boil-off gas to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180, the fuel demand 180 may be an engine, a generator, or the like driven by the fuel.
  • the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may compress the boil-off gas to a pressure of approximately 10 to 100 bar.
  • the compressor 120 and the extra compressor 122 may compress the boil-off gas to a pressure of approximately 150 bar to 400 bar when the fuel demand 180 is a ME-GI engine, and the fuel demand 180 is DFDE.
  • the boil-off gas may be compressed to a pressure of approximately 6.5 bar, and when the fuel demand unit 180 is an X-DF engine, the boil-off gas may be compressed to a pressure of approximately 16 bar.
  • the fuel demand unit 180 may include various types of engines.
  • the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may include an X-DF engine. It is possible to compress the boil-off gas to the required pressure and install a decompression device upstream of the DFDE to lower the part of the boil-off boiled gas up to the pressure required by the X-DF engine to the pressure required by the DFDE before supplying it to the DFDE. .
  • the pressure of the boil-off gas is reduced by the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122. Compresses the boil-off gas so as to exceed the pressure required by the 180, and installs a decompression device upstream of the fuel demand 180, the pressure of the boil-off gas compressed to exceed the pressure required by the fuel demand 180, the fuel demand After the pressure is lowered to 180, the fuel may be supplied to the fuel demand 180.
  • the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may each be a multistage compressor.
  • one compressor 120 or 122 is used to compress the boil-off gas to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180, but when the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 are a multistage compressor, evaporation is performed.
  • the gas may be compressed several times by the plurality of compression cylinders up to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180.
  • a plurality of compression cylinders may be installed in series in the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122, and a plurality of coolers may be disposed downstream of the plurality of compression cylinders. Each can be installed.
  • the cooler 130 of the present embodiment is installed downstream of the compressor 120 to cool the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 and rises not only in pressure but also in temperature, and the spare cooler 132 of the present embodiment has a spare compressor. (122) It is provided downstream to cool the boil-off gas which is compressed by the extra compressor 122 to raise not only the pressure but also the temperature.
  • the cooler 130 and the extra cooler 132 may cool the boil-off gas through heat exchange with seawater, fresh water or air introduced from the outside.
  • the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 of the present embodiment further cools the boil-off gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3 after being cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant of the present embodiment.
  • the pressure reducing device 160 expands the boil-off gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 and sends the same to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again.
  • the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 expands the evaporated gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3 after passing through the evaporation gas heat exchanger 110 by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160.
  • the evaporated gas is heat-exchanged with a refrigerant and further cooled.
  • the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 of the present embodiment may be various means for lowering the pressure of the fluid, and the state of the fluid immediately before passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and the state of the fluid immediately after the passage are dependent on the operating conditions of the system. It may vary. However, when the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is an expander, in order to prevent physical damage of the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the fluid immediately before passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and the fluid immediately after passing are maintained in the gas phase. It is preferable to be. The same applies to the following.
  • the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant for heat exchange in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may include boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 and boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122.
  • a part of the combined evaporated gas is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5 to heat exchange the evaporated gas passed through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 with the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant is supplied to the pressure reducing device 160.
  • the boil-off gas supplied from the first supply line (L1) to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recycle line (L5) is first cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger (140) and further added by the refrigerant pressure reducing device (160). After cooling, it is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 to be used as a refrigerant.
  • the flow of the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 is combined with the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and then supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5.
  • the evaporated gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line (L3); both are heat exchanged by using the evaporated gas passed through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 as a refrigerant Is cooled.
  • the first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment is installed on the return line L3 to expand the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the coolant heat exchanger 140.
  • the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 joins the boil-off gas compressed by the spare compressor 122, and then partially branches, and the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger along the return line L3. 140 and the first decompression device 150 are partially or all reliquefied.
  • the first pressure reducing device 150 includes all means capable of expanding and cooling the boil-off gas and may be an expansion valve such as a Joule-Thomson valve or an expander.
  • the gas-liquid separator 170 is installed on the return line (L3) downstream of the first decompression device 150 and separates the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the first decompression device 150 into a gas and a liquid. It may include.
  • the liquid or gaseous gas in the gas-liquid mixed state passing through the first decompression device 150 is directly sent to the storage tank (T).
  • the boil-off gas passing through the first decompression device 150 is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170 to separate the gas phase and the liquid phase.
  • the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is returned to the storage tank T along the return line L3, and the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is separated from the gas-liquid separator 170 by the evaporative gas heat exchanger ( 110 is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the gas discharge line L4 extending upstream of the first supply line L1.
  • the vessel of the present embodiment includes a gas-liquid separator 170
  • the seventh valve (197) for controlling the flow rate of the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the storage tank (T);
  • an eighth valve 198 that controls the flow rate of the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
  • the first to eighth valves and the eleventh valves of the present exemplary embodiment 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, and 203 may be manually adjusted by a person directly determining a system operating situation. It may be automatically adjusted to open and close by a preset value.
  • the main flow of the boil-off gas is defined to easily explain the operation of the apparatus for boil-off gas reliquefaction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the evaporation gas generated in the storage tank T and the gas discharged from the gas-liquid separator 170 are supplied to the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110 in the first flow 100 and the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110 in the compressor ( 120 is supplied to the spare compressor 122 and then discharged from the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122 and supplied to the fuel demand 180, the second flow 102, the compressor 120 and the spare compressor ( 122) flow downstream from the second stream 102 and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 from the second stream 102 downstream from the third stream 104, the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122;
  • the flow branched to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is defined as the fourth flow 106 and the flow supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 from the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 as the fifth flow 108.
  • the first flow 100 passes through
  • the gaseous boil-off gas generated in the storage tank T storing the liquid liquefied gas is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
  • the gaseous evaporated gas generated in the storage tank (T) meets the gaseous evaporated gas discharged from the gas-liquid separator 170 after a predetermined time after the system operation to form the first flow (100). do.
  • the boil-off gas supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is the first flow 100.
  • the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 recovers the cold heat of the first flow 100 to cool other boil-off gas. That is, the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 recovers the cold heat of the first flow 100 and is supplied back to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 in the second flow 102, that is, the fourth flow. The recovered cold heat is transferred to 106.
  • boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 heat exchange occurs between the first flow 100 and the fourth flow 106, so that the first flow 100 is heated and the fourth flow 106 is cooled.
  • the heated first flow 100 becomes the second flow 102 and the cooled fourth flow 106 becomes the fifth flow 108.
  • the second stream 102 discharged from the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is supplied to the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122, and compressed by the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122.
  • the second stream 102 in which the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the boil-off gas compressed in the spare compressor 122, is combined, is part of the third flow 104 as a refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
  • the other part is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 as a fourth flow 106 and cooled, and the other part is supplied to the fuel demand 180.
  • the third flow 104 supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is discharged from the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, expanded in the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and then supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again.
  • the third flow 104 which is primarily supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, is expanded by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and then the third flow 104 is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again.
  • the third stream 104 which has passed through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, joins the second stream 102 discharged from the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, thereby providing a compressor 120 or a spare. It is supplied to the compressor 122.
  • the fifth flow 108 supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is cooled by heat exchange with the third flow 104 passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and then expands while passing through the first pressure reducing device 150. do.
  • the fifth flow 108 through the first pressure reducing device 150 is in a gas-liquid mixture, in which gas and liquid are mixed.
  • the fifth stream 108 in the gas-liquid mixture is directly sent to the storage tank T or separated into gas and liquid while passing through the gas-liquid separator 170.
  • the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is supplied to the storage tank T, and the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 to repeat the above processes.
  • FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the ship of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 5 further includes a ninth valve 201, a tenth valve 202 and a first additional line L6 as compared to the ship of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4.
  • the refrigerant cycle may be operated as a closed loop as in the first and second embodiments, and the refrigerant cycle may be operated as an open loop as in the third embodiment. Differences exist in that they will be described below. Detailed descriptions of the same members as those of the ship of the third embodiment are omitted.
  • the vessel of the present embodiment like the third embodiment, has a boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, a first valve 191, a compressor 120, a cooler 130, and a second valve 192.
  • the storage tank T of the present embodiment stores the liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas and liquefied ethane gas inside, and discharges the boil-off gas to the outside when the internal pressure is higher than the predetermined pressure.
  • the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
  • the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 of the present embodiment uses the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T as a refrigerant and goes to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3. Cool the sent boil-off gas. That is, the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 recovers the cold heat of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and transfers the collected cold heat to the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3.
  • a fifth valve 195 may be installed on the return line L3 to control the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas.
  • the compressor 120 of the present embodiment is installed on the first supply line L1 to compress the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T, and the extra compressor 122 of the present embodiment , Like the third embodiment, is installed in parallel with the compressor 120 on the second supply line (L2) to compress the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank (T).
  • Compressor 120 and spare compressor 122 may be a compressor of the same performance, each may be a multi-stage compressor.
  • the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 of this embodiment can compress the boil-off gas to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180 as in the third embodiment.
  • some of the high pressures are compressed after compressing the boil-off gas in accordance with a required pressure of an engine requiring higher pressure (hereinafter, referred to as a 'high pressure engine'). It can be supplied to the engine, and the other part can be supplied to the low pressure engine after being depressurized by a pressure reducing device installed upstream of the engine requiring a lower pressure (hereinafter referred to as a 'low pressure engine').
  • the boil-off gas is supplied to the fuel demand unit 180 by the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122. Pressure to a pressure higher than the pressure required, and a pressure reducing device is installed upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 to lower the pressure of the boil-off gas compressed to high pressure to the pressure required by the fuel demand unit 180, and then to the fuel demand unit 180. You can also supply.
  • the vessel of this embodiment further includes an eleventh valve 203 which is provided upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 and regulates the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas sent to the fuel demand unit 180. Can be.
  • the vessel of this embodiment uses the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 as a refrigerant for additionally cooling the evaporated gas in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, so that the reliquefaction efficiency and reliquefaction amount Can increase.
  • the cooler 130 of the present embodiment is installed downstream of the compressor 120 to cool the evaporated gas passing through the compressor 120 and the temperature as well as the pressure
  • the extra cooler of the present embodiment 132, like the third embodiment, is installed downstream of the extra compressor 122 to cool the evaporated gas that has passed through the extra compressor 122 and has risen in temperature as well as pressure.
  • Refrigerant heat exchanger 140 of the present embodiment is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3), and the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) Cool additionally.
  • the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T is further cooled not only in the evaporation gas heat exchanger 110 but also in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, so that the temperature is lower. Since it can be supplied to the first decompression device 150, the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction are increased.
  • the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 expands the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 and sends it to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 in the same manner as in the third embodiment.
  • the first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment is installed on the return line L3 to supply the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. Inflate.
  • the first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment includes all means capable of expanding and cooling the boil-off gas, and may be an expansion valve such as a Joule-Thomson valve or an expander.
  • the vessel of the present embodiment is installed on the return line L3 downstream of the first pressure reducing device 150 and separates the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the first pressure reducing device 150 into gas and liquid.
  • Gas-liquid separator 170 may be included.
  • the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170
  • the liquid or gaseous-mixed evaporated gas that has passed through the first decompression device 150 is directly sent to the storage tank T.
  • the vessel of the present embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170
  • the boil-off gas passing through the first pressure reducing device 150 is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170 to separate the gas phase and the liquid phase.
  • the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is returned to the storage tank T along the return line L3, and the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is separated from the gas-liquid separator 170 by the evaporative gas heat exchanger ( 110 is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the gas discharge line L4 extending upstream of the first supply line L1.
  • the vessel of the present embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170, like the third embodiment, the seventh valve (197) for controlling the flow rate of the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the storage tank (T) ); And an eighth valve 198 that controls the flow rate of the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
  • the ship of this embodiment unlike the third embodiment, the first additional line (L6) for connecting between the recirculation line (L5) and the second supply line (L2); A ninth valve 201 installed on the recirculation line L5; And a tenth valve 202 installed on the first additional line L6.
  • the ship of the present embodiment unlike the third embodiment, which selectively includes the sixth valve, the recirculation line (L5) through which the boil-off gas branched from the first supply line (L1) is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger (140). And a sixth valve 196 that controls the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas.
  • One side of the first additional line (L6) of the present embodiment after the expansion by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and sends the evaporated gas passed through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 to the first supply line (L1), recirculation line ( It is connected on the L5, the other side is connected on the second supply line (L2) between the third valve (193) and the spare compressor (122).
  • the ninth valve 201 of the present embodiment has a point where the recirculation line L5 meets the first supply line L1 upstream of the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122, and the recirculation line L5 is first added. Between the point where it meets the line L6, it is installed on the recirculation line L5.
  • the ship of the present embodiment the second compressor line (L2) downstream of the extra compressor 122 is connected to the recirculation line (L5) rather than the first supply line (L1).
  • the first to eleventh valves 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 201, 202, and 203 of the present embodiment may be manually adjusted by a person directly determining a system operating situation. It may be automatically adjusted to open and close by a preset value.
  • a feature that is different from the third embodiment of the ship of this embodiment is that the refrigerant cycle can be operated not only in the open loop but also in the closed loop, so that the reliquefaction system can be used more flexibly according to the operating conditions of the ship.
  • the method of operating the refrigerant cycle in the closed loop and the method of operating in the open loop through the valve adjustment will be described.
  • the third valve 193 is closed to supply the boil-off gas to the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler.
  • the fourth valve 194 the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the tenth valve 202.
  • the storage tank including the storage tank of the present embodiment may further include a pipe for introducing nitrogen gas into the refrigerant cycle of the closed loop.
  • the refrigerant cycle When the refrigerant cycle is operated as a closed loop, only the boil-off gas circulating in the closed loop is used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the boil-off gas passing through the compressor 120 is not introduced into the refrigerant cycle and the fuel demand ( 180 or the reliquefaction process is performed along the return line (L3). Therefore, regardless of the amount of reliquefaction and the amount of boil-off gas required by the fuel demand unit 180, the boil-off gas of a constant flow rate is circulated to the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
  • the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank (T) passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) and is compressed by the compressor (120) and cooled by the cooler (130), a part is sent to the fuel demand (180), The other part is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3).
  • the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 is heat-exchanged with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and then cooled, and further cooled by heat-exchange in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
  • the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is expanded by the first pressure reducing device 150 to re-liquefy some or all of the boil-off gas.
  • some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170.
  • the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
  • the boil-off gas circulating through the refrigerant cycle is compressed by the extra compressor 122 and cooled by the extra cooler 132 and then sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5.
  • the evaporated gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, cooled, and then sent to the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160. Inflated and cooled by car.
  • the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, and passes through the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110, and then evaporates supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3. gas; And a boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5. After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the spare compressor 122 again and repeats the above-described series of processes.
  • the first valve 191, the second valve 192, and the tenth valve 202 may be The third valve 193 and the sixth valve 196 are opened, and the boil-off gas passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T is connected to the third valve 193 and the spare compressor.
  • the fuel is supplied to the fuel demand 180 through the 122, the extra cooler 132, the fourth valve 194, and the sixth valve 196.
  • the ninth valve 201 may be opened to operate the system.
  • the first valve 191, the second valve 192, the third valve 193, the fourth valve 194, the sixth valve 196 and The ninth valve 201 is opened and the tenth valve 202 is closed.
  • the boil-off gas circulating through the refrigerant cycle and the boil-off gas sent to the fuel demand 180 or undergoing reliquefaction along the return line L3 are separated.
  • the refrigerant cycle is operated as an open loop, the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 are combined to be used as a refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 or to be fueled. It is sent to the customer 180, or undergoes a reliquefaction process along the return line (L3).
  • the flow rate of the refrigerant sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may be flexibly adjusted in consideration of the amount of reliquefaction and the amount of boil-off gas at the fuel demand 180.
  • the amount of boil-off gas in the fuel demand unit 180 is small, increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may increase the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction.
  • the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then branches into two streams, partly to the first supply line L1, and the other part to the second supply line L2. Is sent to.
  • the boil-off gas sent to the first supply line L1 passes through the first valve 191, the compressor 120, the cooler 130, and the second valve 192, and then a part thereof passes through the sixth valve 196. It is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the other part again branches into two flows. One stream of the boil-off gas branched into two streams is sent to the fuel demand unit 180, and the other is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3).
  • the boil-off gas sent to the second supply line L2 passes through the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, the extra cooler 132, and the fourth valve 194, and a part thereof is a refrigerant heat exchanger 140. ), The other part is sent to the first supply line (L1) and branches into two flows. One stream of the boil-off gas branched into two streams is sent to the fuel demand unit 180, and the other stream is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3.
  • the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 have been described separately, but the evaporated gas and the extra compressor 122 compressed by the compressor 120 are described.
  • the compressed boil-off gas is not separately flowed, but rather joined and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the fuel demand 180, or the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
  • the line L3 the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 are mixed and flow.
  • the evaporated gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5 is first heat exchanged and cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and is secondly expanded and cooled by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and then again the refrigerant.
  • the heat exchanger 140 is supplied. After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3.
  • the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5, and then is first cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the refrigerant pressure reducing device ( It is the boil-off gas cooled by secondary by 160.
  • the boil-off gas sent from the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5 cools the boil-off gas passed through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 as a refrigerant. .
  • the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the first supply line L1 through the ninth valve 201 and discharged from the storage tank T. After the evaporated gas heat exchanger 110 is joined with the evaporated gas, the above-described series of processes are repeated.
  • the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 is first cooled in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and secondly cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, followed by a first pressure reducing device ( 150) to re-liquefy some or all of it.
  • the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170.
  • the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
  • the first valve 191, the second valve 192, and the ninth valve 201 are replaced. Closed, the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, the extra cooler 132, the fourth valve 194 And a sixth valve 196 to be supplied to the fuel demand 180.
  • the ninth valve 201 may be opened to operate the system.
  • the liquefied gas stored in the storage tank (T) is liquefied natural gas
  • the fuel demand 180 is an X-DF engine
  • a gas-liquid separator (170) For example, the temperature and pressure of the fluid at each point are described as follows.
  • the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and the boil-off gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 are combined to be supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the boil-off gas at the point A is approximately -120 ° C and 1.060 bara.
  • the boil-off gas at point B after the boil-off gas of approximately -120 ° C. and 1.060 bara is heat-exchanged in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 with the boil-off gas of about 43 ° C. and 20 bara is approximately 3 ° C., 0.96 may be bara.
  • the boil-off gas having a temperature of approximately 3 ° C. and 0.96 bara has joined the boil-off gas having approximately 20 ° C. and 0.96 bara passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 after passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160.
  • the boil-off gas may be 0.96 bara at approximately 15 ° C.
  • the boil-off gas approximately 15 ° C., 0.96 bara, is branched into two, one stream is compressed by the compressor 120 and then cooled by the cooler 130, and the other stream is compressed by the spare compressor 122 and then the extra cooler. Cooled by 132, the evaporation gas at point D, which is the flow of the flow through the compressor 120 and the cooler 130 and the flow through the spare compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132 are combined.
  • the boil-off gas at point H may be approximately 43 ° C., 20 bara.
  • the boil-off gas at point E after the boil-off gas of approximately 43 ° C. and 20 bara is heat-exchanged in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 with the boil-off gas of approximately ⁇ 120 ° C. and 1.060 bara may be approximately ⁇ 110 ° C. and 20 bara.
  • the evaporation gas at point F may be about ⁇ 153 ° C. and 20 bara.
  • the boil-off gas at point G after being expanded by the first pressure reducing device 150 may be ⁇ 157 ° C. and 2.1 bara.
  • the boil-off gas at point I after the boil-off gas having approximately 43 ° C. and 20 bara is first cooled by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may be about ⁇ 73 ° C. and 20 bara, and the evaporation of about ⁇ 73 ° C. and 20 bara.
  • the boil-off gas at point J after the gas is secondarily cooled by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 may be approximately -154 ° C and 1.56 bara, and the boil-off gas at approximately -154 ° C and 1.56 bara is the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
  • the evaporated gas at point K, after being used as a refrigerant in), may be approximately 20 ° C. and 0.96 bara.
  • the vessel of the present embodiment operates the refrigerant cycle in an open loop
  • the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 is used only as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140
  • the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 is
  • the spare compressor 122 and the compressor 120 are independently provided so as to be sent to the fuel demand 180 or to undergo a reliquefaction process along the return line L3 and not to be used as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. It can also be operated.
  • the refrigerant cycle of the open loop for independently operating the spare compressor 122 and the compressor 120 is referred to as an 'independent open loop'.
  • the refrigerant cycle is operated in an independent open loop, there is an advantage in that the operation of the system is easier than in the open loop.
  • the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then branches into two streams, partly to the first supply line L1, and partly to the second supply line L2. Is sent.
  • the boil-off gas sent to the first supply line L1 passes through the first valve 191, the compressor 120, the cooler 130, and the second valve 192, and a part of the boil-off gas is sent to the fuel demand 180. , The other part is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3).
  • the boil-off gas sent to the second supply line L2 passes through the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, the extra cooler 132, and the fourth valve 194, and then cools the refrigerant along the recycle line L5. Sent to heat exchanger 140.
  • the boil-off gas which is compressed by the extra compressor 122 and sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5, is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 and cooled, and is then cooled to the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160. After the second expansion by the cooling to be supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, the boil-off gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 through the return line (L3); And a boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5.
  • the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the first supply line L1 through the ninth valve 201 and discharged from the storage tank T. After the evaporated gas heat exchanger 110 is joined with the evaporated gas, the above-described process is repeated.
  • the boil-off gas which is compressed by the compressor 120 and then sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3, is first cooled in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and then cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. After cooling by the car, the first pressure reducing device 150 is expanded to re-liquefy a part or all of the liquid.
  • the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170.
  • the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
  • the first valve 191, the second valve 192, and the ninth valve 201 are damaged. 6, the first valve 196 is opened, and the boil-off gas passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T is connected to the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, and the extra cooler. 132, the fourth valve 194 and the sixth valve 196 are supplied to the fuel demand 180.
  • the ninth valve 201 may be opened to operate the system.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing a system for treating the boil-off gas in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the ship of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 6 has a twelfth valve 301, a thirteenth valve 302, a fourteenth valve 303, and a fifteenth valve (compared with the ship of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 5). There is a difference in that 304, the second additional line L7, the third additional line L8, the fourth additional line L9, and the fifth additional line L10 are further added. Explain mainly. Detailed description of the same members as those of the ship of the fourth embodiment is omitted.
  • the vessel of the present embodiment like the fourth embodiment, has a boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, a first valve 191, a compressor 120, a cooler 130, and a second valve 192.
  • the storage tank T of the present embodiment stores the liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas and liquefied ethane gas inside, and discharges the boil-off gas to the outside when the internal pressure is higher than the predetermined pressure.
  • the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
  • the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 uses the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T as a refrigerant to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3. Cool the sent boil-off gas.
  • the compressor 120 of the present embodiment is installed on the first supply line L1 to compress the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T, and the extra compressor 122 of the present embodiment , Like the fourth embodiment, is installed in parallel with the compressor 120 on the second supply line (L2) to compress the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank (T).
  • Compressor 120 and spare compressor 122 may be a compressor of the same performance, each may be a multi-stage compressor.
  • the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 of this embodiment can compress the boil-off gas to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180 as in the fourth embodiment.
  • the fuel demand unit 180 includes several types of engines, after compressing the boil-off gas in accordance with the required pressure of the high pressure engine, part of the fuel supply unit 180 is supplied to the high pressure engine, and the other part is a pressure reducing device installed upstream of the low pressure engine Can be supplied to a low pressure engine.
  • the fuel demand 180 is supplied to the boil-off gas by the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122.
  • a pressure reducing device is installed upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 to lower the pressure of the boil-off gas compressed to high pressure to the pressure required by the fuel demand unit 180, and then supply the fuel to the fuel unit unit 180. It may be.
  • the vessel of the present embodiment further includes an eleventh valve 203 which is provided upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 and controls the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas sent to the fuel demand unit 180. Can be.
  • the vessel of the present embodiment uses the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 as a refrigerant for additionally cooling the evaporated gas in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, so that the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction are increased. Can increase.
  • the cooler 130 of the present embodiment is installed downstream of the compressor 120 to cool the evaporated gas that has passed through the compressor 120 and has risen in pressure as well as in temperature.
  • 132 is installed downstream of the extra compressor 122 to cool the evaporated gas that has passed through the extra compressor 122 and has risen in temperature as well as pressure.
  • Refrigerant heat exchanger 140 of the present embodiment is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3), and the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) Cool additionally.
  • the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T is further cooled not only in the evaporation gas heat exchanger 110 but also in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, so that the temperature is lowered. Since it can be supplied to the first decompression device 150, the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction are increased.
  • the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 expands the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 and sends it to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 in the same manner as the fourth embodiment.
  • the first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment is installed on the return line L3 to supply the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. Inflate.
  • the first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment includes all means capable of expanding and cooling the boil-off gas, and may be an expansion valve such as a Joule-Thomson valve or an expander.
  • the vessel of this embodiment is installed on the return line L3 downstream of the first pressure reducing device 150 and separates the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the first pressure reducing device 150 into gas and liquid.
  • Gas-liquid separator 170 may be included.
  • the vessel of the present embodiment when the vessel of the present embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, the liquid or gaseous-mixed evaporated gas that has passed through the first pressure reducing device 150 is directly sent to the storage tank T.
  • the vessel of the present embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170, the boil-off gas passing through the first pressure reducing device 150 is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170 to separate the gas phase and the liquid phase.
  • the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is returned to the storage tank T along the return line L3, and the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is separated from the gas-liquid separator 170 by the evaporative gas heat exchanger ( 110 is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the gas discharge line L4 extending upstream of the first supply line L1.
  • the vessel of the present embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170, like the fourth embodiment, the seventh valve (197) for controlling the flow rate of the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the storage tank (T) ); And an eighth valve 198 that controls the flow rate of the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
  • the vessel of the present embodiment like the fourth embodiment, has a first additional line connecting the sixth valve 196, the recirculation line L5 and the second supply line L2 installed on the recirculation line L5. (L6); A ninth valve 201 installed on the recirculation line L5; And a tenth valve 202 installed on the first additional line L6.
  • first additional line L6 of the present embodiment similar to the fourth embodiment, one side of the first additional line L6 expands by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and passes the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 in the first supply line ( It is connected to the recirculation line L5, which is sent to L1, and the other side is connected to the second supply line L2 between the third valve 193 and the spare compressor 122.
  • the second supply line L2 downstream of the redundant compressor 122 is connected to the first supply line L1 and the upstream of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
  • Recirculation line (L5) is connected to the second supply line (L2).
  • the ship of the present embodiment has a first additional line L6 upstream of the tenth valve 202 and a first supply line between the first valve 191 and the compressor 120.
  • Third additional line connecting the second supply line L2 between the extra cooler 132 and the fourth valve 194 and the first supply line L1 between the cooler 130 and the second valve 192.
  • a fourth additional line L9 connecting the first supply line L1 between the cooler 130 and the second valve 192 and the recirculation line L5 downstream of the sixth valve 196;
  • a fifth additional line L10 connecting the second supply line L2 between the extra cooler 132 and the fourth valve 194 and downstream of the fifth valve 195 of the return line L3.
  • the ship of this embodiment includes a fifth valve 195 installed on the return line L3; A twelfth valve 301 installed on the second additional line L7, a thirteenth valve 302 installed on the third additional line L8, and a fourteenth valve installed on the fourth additional line L9. 303, and a fifteenth valve 304 installed on the fifth additional line L10.
  • the first to fifteenth valves 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 201, 202, 203, 301, 302, 303, and 304 of the present embodiment directly determine a system operation situation. It may be adjusted manually or may be automatically adjusted to open and close by a preset value.
  • the refrigerant cycle of the ship of this embodiment can be operated as a closed loop, an open loop or an independent open loop.
  • the refrigerant cycle is closed loop, open loop or independent open loop. It explains how to operate.
  • the tenth valve 202 are opened, the fourth valve 194, the ninth valve 201, the twelfth valve 301, the thirteenth valve 302, the fourteenth valve 303, and the fifteenth valve. 304 drives the system in the closed state.
  • the third valve 193 is closed to supply the boil-off gas to the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler.
  • the sixth valve 196, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the tenth valve 202 To form.
  • the nitrogen gas may be used as the refrigerant circulating in the closed loop, and may further include a pipe for introducing the nitrogen gas into the refrigerant cycle of the closed loop.
  • the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank (T) passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) and is compressed by the compressor (120) and cooled by the cooler (130), a part is sent to the fuel demand (180), The other part is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3).
  • the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 is heat-exchanged with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and then cooled, and further cooled by heat-exchange in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
  • the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is expanded by the first pressure reducing device 150 to re-liquefy some or all of the boil-off gas.
  • some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170.
  • the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
  • the boil-off gas circulating through the refrigerant cycle is compressed by the extra compressor 122 and cooled by the extra cooler 132 and then sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5.
  • the evaporated gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, cooled, and then sent to the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160. Inflated and cooled by car.
  • the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, and passes through the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110, and then evaporates supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3. gas; And a boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5. After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the spare compressor 122 again and repeats the above-described series of processes.
  • the first valve 191, the second valve 192, the fifth valve 195, The sixth valve 196 and the tenth valve 202 are closed, and the third valve 193 and the fourth valve 194 are opened to discharge the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T.
  • the boil-off gas passed through the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, the extra cooler 132, and the fourth valve 194 are supplied to the fuel demand 180.
  • the fifteenth valve 304 is opened to evaporate. Part of the gas may be subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3).
  • the sixth valve 196 and the ninth valve 201 may be opened, or sixth valve 196 and tenth valve 202 may be opened to operate the system.
  • the vessel of this embodiment uses the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 as a refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 while the refrigerant cycle is operated as a closed loop, and uses the evaporated gas compressed by the spare compressor 122. It may be supplied to the fuel demand 180 or to undergo a reliquefaction process (hereinafter referred to as a 'second closed loop').
  • the compressor 120 and the cooler 130, the spare compressor 122 and the spare cooler 132 are merely described separately for convenience of description and play the same role, and play the same role in one ship. Redundancy concept is satisfied in that more than two compressors and coolers are provided. Therefore, the compressor 120, the cooler 130, the spare compressor 122, and the spare cooler 132 may be operated in different roles.
  • valve 302 drives the system in the closed state.
  • the first valve 191 When the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 after being discharged from the storage tank T is supplied to the recirculation line L5, the first valve 191 is closed so that the boil-off gas is compressed by the compressor 120 and the cooler 130.
  • a closed loop refrigerant cycle is circulated through the fourteenth valve 303, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the twelfth valve 301.
  • the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, passes through the third valve 193, is compressed by the spare compressor 122, and is cooled by the spare cooler 132. After that, a part is sent to the fuel demand 180 through the fourth valve 194 and the other part is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 through the fifteenth valve 304. .
  • the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is cooled by heat exchange with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T, and then further cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
  • the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is expanded by the first pressure reducing device 150 to re-liquefy some or all of the boil-off gas.
  • some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170.
  • the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
  • the boil-off gas circulating through the refrigerant cycle is compressed by the compressor 120 and cooled by the cooler 130 and then passed through the fourteenth valve 303 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
  • the evaporated gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, cooled, and then sent to the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 to expand secondly. And cooled.
  • the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, and passes through the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110, and then evaporates supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3.
  • the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 flows along the recycle line L5 and branches to the first additional line L6, and then again to the second additional line. It branches to L7 and is sent to the 1st supply line L1 through 12th valve 301.
  • the boil-off gas sent to the first supply line L1 is sent to the compressor 120 again and repeats the above-described series of processes.
  • the spare compressor 122 or the spare cooler 132 fails while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated as the second closed loop, the third valve 193, the fourth valve 194, and the twelfth valve
  • the 301, the 14th valve 303, and the 15th valve 304 are closed, the first valve 191 and the second valve 192 are opened, and after being discharged from the storage tank T, the evaporative gas heat exchanger.
  • the boil-off gas passing through the 110 is supplied to the fuel demand 180 through the first valve 191, the compressor 120, the cooler 130, and the second valve 192.
  • the spare compressor 122 or the spare cooler 132 is broken while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operating in the second closed loop, it is necessary to re-liquefy a part of the boil-off gas.
  • a part of the boil-off gas may be subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3).
  • the ninth valve 201 and the fourteenth valve ( 303 may be opened, or the twelfth valve 301 and the fourteenth valve 303 may be opened to operate the system.
  • the flow rate of the refrigerant sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 can be flexibly adjusted in consideration of the amount of reliquefaction and the amount of boil-off gas required by the fuel demand 180.
  • the amount of boil-off gas in the fuel demand unit 180 is small, increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may increase the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction. That is, when the refrigerant cycle is operated in an open loop, the evaporation gas having a flow rate exceeding the capacity of the redundant compressor 122 may be supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
  • the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then branches into two streams, some of which are passed through the first valve 191 to the compressor 120, and some of It is sent to the spare compressor 122 via the three valve (193).
  • the boil-off gas sent to the compressor 120 is compressed by the compressor 120 and cooled by the cooler 130, and then some passes through the thirteenth valve 302 and the sixth valve 196 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. ), The other part is passed through the second valve 192 to the fuel demand 180, the other part is passed to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 through the fifth valve (195).
  • the boil-off gas sent to the spare compressor 122 is compressed by the spare compressor 122 and cooled by the spare cooler 132, and then a part of the boil-off gas is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 through the sixth valve 196.
  • the remaining part branches into two after passing the thirteenth valve 302.
  • one of the two branched flows is supplied to the fuel demand 180 through the second valve 192 and the remaining flows. Is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) via the fifth valve (195).
  • the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the evaporated gas separated by the extra compressor 122 are separated and described, but the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 is described. And the boil-off gas separated by the extra compressor 122 are combined to be sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the fuel demand 180, and the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
  • the boil-off gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 through the sixth valve 196 is first heat-exchanged and cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and is secondly expanded and cooled by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and then again. It is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger (140). After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3. Boil off gas; And a boil-off gas supplied from the compressor 120 or the extra compressor 122 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 after passing through the sixth valve 196.
  • the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the first supply line L1 through the ninth valve 201 and discharged from the storage tank T. After the evaporated gas heat exchanger 110 is joined with the evaporated gas, the above-described series of processes are repeated.
  • the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 is first cooled in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and secondly cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, followed by a first pressure reducing device ( 150) to re-liquefy some or all of it.
  • the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170.
  • the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
  • the first valve 191, the fifth valve 195, the sixth valve 196, And a third valve 193, a spare compressor 122, and a spare cooler 132 by closing the ninth valve 201 and passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T. ), The thirteenth valve 302, and the second valve 192 to be supplied to the fuel demand 180.
  • the fifth valve 195 is opened. Part of the boil-off gas may be subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3).
  • the ninth valve 201 and the fourteenth valve 303 may be opened, or the tenth valve 202 and the fourteenth valve 303 may be opened to operate the system.
  • the first valve 191, the second valve 192, the third valve 193, the fifth valve 195, the sixth valve 196 And the ninth valve 201 are opened, and the fourth valve 194, the tenth valve 202, the twelfth valve 301, the thirteenth valve 302, the fourteenth valve 303, and the fifteenth valve ( 304) close.
  • the fourth valve 194 the tenth valve 202, the twelfth valve 301, the thirteenth valve 302, the fourteenth valve 303, and the fifteenth valve ( 304) close.
  • the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then branches into two flows, part of which is passed through the first valve 191 to the compressor 120, and the other part of the boil-off gas. It is sent to the spare compressor 122 via the three valve (193).
  • the boil-off gas sent to the compressor 120 is compressed by the compressor 120 and cooled by the cooler 130, and then some are passed through the second valve 192 to the fuel demand 180, and others are
  • the fifth valve 195 is passed to the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110).
  • the boil-off gas sent to the spare compressor 122 is compressed by the spare compressor 122 and cooled by the spare cooler 132, and then passed to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 through the sixth valve 196.
  • the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and then passed through the sixth valve 196 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 to be cooled, and the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is provided. After the second expansion by the cooling to be supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, the evaporated gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line (L3); And a boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and then passed through the sixth valve 196 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
  • the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the first supply line L1 through the ninth valve 201 and discharged from the storage tank T. After the evaporated gas heat exchanger 110 is joined with the evaporated gas, the above-described process is repeated.
  • the boil-off gas which is compressed by the compressor 120 and then sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3, is first cooled in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and then cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. After cooling by the car, the first pressure reducing device 150 is expanded to re-liquefy a part or all of the liquid.
  • the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170.
  • the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
  • the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 When the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is broken while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated in an independent open loop, the first valve 191, the fifth valve 195, and the sixth valve 196 are broken down. And the ninth valve 201, the thirteenth valve 302, the evaporated gas passing through the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T, the third valve 193, The spare compressor 122, the spare cooler 132, the thirteenth valve 302, and the second valve 192 are supplied to the fuel demand 180.
  • the fifth valve 195 is opened if it is necessary to reliquefy a part of the boil-off gas. , Part of the boil-off gas may be subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3).
  • the sixth valve 196 and the ninth valve 201 may be opened, or sixth valve 196 and tenth valve 202 may be opened to operate the system.

Abstract

Disclosed is a ship comprising a storage tank for storing a liquefied gas. A ship comprises: a boil-off gas heat exchanger which is provided downstream of a storage tank and is for heat exchanging a compressed boil-off gas (hereafter referred to as "a first fluid") by means of a boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank as a refrigerant, thereby cooling same; a compressor which is provided downstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger and is for compressing a part of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank; an extra compressor which is provided downstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger and parallel with the compressor and is for compressing the other part of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank; a refrigerant heat exchanger which is for additionally cooling the first fluid which has been cooled by means of the boil-off gas heat exchanger; a refrigerant decompressing device which is for expanding a second fluid, which has been sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger (a fluid sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger hereafter being referred to as "a second fluid") and cooled by means of the refrigerant heat exchanger, and then sending same back to the refrigerant heat exchanger; and a first decompressing device which is for expanding the first fluid that has been cooled by means of the boil-off gas heat exchanger and refrigerant heat exchanger, wherein the refrigerant heat exchanger heat exchanges and cools both the first fluid and second fluid by means of the boil-off gas, which has passed the refrigerant decompressing device, as a refrigerant, wherein the first fluid is either the boil-off gas which has been compressed by means of the compressor or a confluent flow of the boil-off gas compressed by means of the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by means of the extra compressor, and the second fluid is either the boil-off gas which has been compressed by means of the extra compressor or a confluent flow of the boil-off gas compressed by means of the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by means of the extra compressor.

Description

선박Ship
본 발명은 선박에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 저장탱크 내부에서 생성되는 증발가스 중 엔진의 연료로 사용되고 남은 증발가스를 재액화시키는 시스템을 포함하는 선박에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a ship, and more particularly, to a ship including a system for re-liquefying the remaining boil-off gas used as the fuel of the engine in the boil-off gas generated inside the storage tank.
근래, 액화천연가스(Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG) 등의 액화가스의 소비량이 전 세계적으로 급증하고 있는 추세이다. 가스를 저온에서 액화시킨 액화가스는 가스에 비해 부피가 매우 작아지므로 저장 및 이송 효율을 높일 수 있는 장점이 있다. 또한, 액화천연가스를 비롯한 액화가스는 액화공정 중에 대기오염 물질을 제거하거나 줄일 수 있어, 연소시 대기오염 물질 배출이 적은 친환경 연료로도 볼 수 있다. Recently, the consumption of liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas (Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG) is increasing worldwide. Liquefied gas liquefied gas at low temperature has the advantage that the storage and transport efficiency can be improved because the volume is very small compared to the gas. In addition, liquefied gas, including liquefied natural gas can remove or reduce air pollutants during the liquefaction process, it can be seen as an environmentally friendly fuel with less emissions of air pollutants during combustion.
액화천연가스는 메탄(methane)을 주성분으로 하는 천연가스를 약 -162℃로 냉각해서 액화시킴으로써 얻을 수 있는 무색투명한 액체로서, 천연가스와 비교해 약 1/600 정도의 부피를 가진다. 따라서, 천연가스를 액화시켜 이송할 경우 매우 효율적으로 이송할 수 있게 된다.Liquefied natural gas is a colorless and transparent liquid obtained by liquefying natural gas containing methane as a main component at about -162 ℃, and has a volume of about 1/600 compared with natural gas. Therefore, when liquefied and transported natural gas can be transported very efficiently.
그러나 천연가스의 액화 온도는 상압 -162 ℃의 극저온이므로, 액화천연가스는 온도변화에 민감하여 쉽게 증발된다. 이로 인해 액화천연가스를 저장하는 저장탱크에는 단열처리를 하지만, 외부의 열이 저장탱크에 지속적으로 전달되므로 액화천연가스 수송과정에서 저장탱크 내에서는 지속적으로 액화천연가스가 자연 기화되면서 증발가스(Boil-Off Gas, BOG)가 발생한다. 이는 에탄 등 다른 저온 액화가스의 경우에도 마찬가지이다.However, since the liquefaction temperature of natural gas is a cryogenic temperature of -162 ℃, liquefied natural gas is easily evaporated because it is sensitive to temperature changes. As a result, the storage tank storing the liquefied natural gas is insulated. However, since the external heat is continuously transferred to the storage tank, the natural gas is continuously vaporized in the storage tank during the transport of the liquefied natural gas. -Off Gas, BOG) occurs. The same applies to other low temperature liquefied gases such as ethane.
증발가스는 일종의 손실로서 수송효율에 있어서 중요한 문제이다. 또한, 저장탱크 내에 증발가스가 축적되면 탱크 내압이 과도하게 상승할 수 있어, 심하면 탱크가 파손될 위험도 있다. 따라서, 저장탱크 내에서 발생하는 증발가스를 처리하기 위한 다양한 방법이 연구되는데, 최근에는 증발가스의 처리를 위해, 증발가스를 재액화하여 저장탱크로 복귀시키는 방법, 증발가스를 선박의 엔진 등 연료소비처의 에너지원으로 사용하는 방법 등이 사용되고 있다.Boil-off gas is a kind of loss and is an important problem in transportation efficiency. In addition, when boil-off gas is accumulated in the storage tank, the internal pressure of the tank may be excessively increased, and there is also a risk that the tank may be damaged. Accordingly, various methods for treating the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank have been studied. In recent years, for the treatment of the boil-off gas, a method of re-liquefying the boil-off gas to return to the storage tank, and returning the boil-off gas to the fuel of a ship engine The method used as an energy source of a consumer is used.
증발가스를 재액화하기 위한 방법으로는 별도의 냉매를 이용한 냉동 사이클을 구비하여 증발가스를 냉매와 열교환하여 재액화하는 방법, 및 별도의 냉매가 없이 증발가스 자체를 냉매로 하여 재액화하는 방법 등이 있다. 특히, 후자의 방법을 채용한 시스템을 부분 재액화 시스템(Partial Re-liquefaction System, PRS)이라고 한다.As a method for reliquefaction of the boil-off gas, a refrigeration cycle using a separate refrigerant is used to re-liquefy the boil-off gas by exchanging the boil-off gas with the refrigerant, and a method of re-liquefying the boil-off gas itself as a refrigerant without a separate refrigerant. There is this. In particular, a system employing the latter method is called a Partial Re-liquefaction System (PRS).
한편, 일반적으로 선박에 사용되는 엔진 중 천연가스를 연료로 사용할 수 있는 엔진으로 DFDE 및 ME-GI 엔진 등의 가스연료엔진이 있다.On the other hand, among the engines generally used in ships as a fuel that can use natural gas as a fuel gas engine such as DFDE and ME-GI engine.
DFDE은, 4행정으로 구성되며, 비교적 저압인 6.5bar 정도의 압력을 가지는 천연가스를 연소공기 입구에 주입하여, 피스톤이 올라가면서 압축을 시키는 오토 사이클(Otto Cycle)을 채택하고 있다.DFDE is composed of four strokes and adopts the Otto Cycle, which injects natural gas with a relatively low pressure of 6.5 bar into the combustion air inlet and compresses the piston as it rises.
ME-GI 엔진은, 2행정으로 구성되며, 300bar 부근의 고압 천연가스를 피스톤의 상사점 부근에서 연소실에 직접 분사하는 디젤 사이클(Diesel Cycle)을 채택하고 있다. 최근에는 연료 효율 및 추진 효율이 더 좋은 ME-GI 엔진에 대한 관심이 커지고 있는 추세이다.The ME-GI engine is composed of two strokes and employs a diesel cycle that directly injects high pressure natural gas near 300 bar into the combustion chamber near the top dead center of the piston. Recently, there is a growing interest in ME-GI engines with better fuel efficiency and propulsion efficiency.
본 발명은 기존의 부분 재액화 시스템에 비해 향상된 증발가스 재액화 성능을 발휘할 수 있는 시스템을 포함하는 선박을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.It is an object of the present invention to provide a vessel comprising a system capable of exhibiting improved boil-off gas reliquefaction performance as compared to existing partial reliquefaction systems.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 일 측면에 따르면, 액화가스를 저장하는 저장탱크를 포함하는 선박에 있어서, 상기 저장탱크 하류에 설치되어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출되는 증발가스를 냉매로 하여 압축된 증발가스(이하, ‘제1 유체’라고 한다.)를 열교환시켜 냉각시키는 증발가스 열교환기; 상기 증발가스 열교환기 하류에 설치되어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스의 일부를 압축시키는 압축기; 상기 증발가스 열교환기 하류에 상기 압축기와 병렬로 설치되어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스의 다른 일부를 압축시키는 여분압축기; 상기 증발가스 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 상기 제1 유체를 추가적으로 냉각시키는 냉매열교환기; 상기 냉매열교환기로 보내져(이하, 냉매열교환기로 보내지는 유체를 ‘제2 유체’라고 한다.), 상기 냉매열교환기에 의해 냉각된 상기 제2 유체를, 팽창시킨 후 다시 상기 냉매열교환기로 보내는 냉매감압장치; 및 상기 증발가스 열교환기 및 상기 냉매열교환기에 의해 냉각된 상기 제1 유체를 팽창시키는 제1 감압장치;를 포함하고, 상기 냉매열교환기는, 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과한 증발가스를 냉매로 하여, 상기 제1 유체와 상기 제2 유체를 둘 다 열교환시켜 냉각시키며, 상기 제1 유체는, 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스; 및 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 합류된 흐름; 중 어느 하나이고, 상기 제2 유체는, 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스; 및 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 합류된 흐름; 중 어느 하나인, 선박이 제공된다.According to an aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object, in a ship including a storage tank for storing liquefied gas, it is installed downstream of the storage tank, compressed by the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank as a refrigerant An boil-off gas heat exchanger for cooling by boil-off heat of the boil-off gas (hereinafter referred to as 'first fluid'); A compressor installed downstream of the boil-off heat exchanger to compress a portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank; A spare compressor installed downstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger in parallel with the compressor to compress another portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank; A refrigerant heat exchanger for further cooling the first fluid cooled by the evaporative gas heat exchanger; A refrigerant pressure reducing device which is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger (hereinafter, the fluid sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger is referred to as a 'second fluid'), and expands the second fluid cooled by the refrigerant heat exchanger and then returns to the refrigerant heat exchanger. ; And a first pressure reducing device for expanding the first fluid cooled by the evaporative gas heat exchanger and the refrigerant heat exchanger, wherein the refrigerant heat exchanger uses the evaporated gas passed through the refrigerant reducing device as a refrigerant, Heat-exchanging both the first fluid and the second fluid, wherein the first fluid comprises: an evaporated gas compressed by the compressor; And a stream in which the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor are joined. The second fluid may be any one of: an evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor; And a stream in which the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor are joined. Any one of the vessels is provided.
상기 선박은, 상기 증발가스 열교환기, 상기 냉매열교환기 및 상기 제1 감압장치를 통과하며 일부 재액화된 액화가스와, 기체상태로 남아있는 증발가스를 분리하는 기액분리기를 더 포함할 수 있고, 상기 기액분리기에 의해 분리된 액화가스는 상기 저장탱크로 보내질 수 있고, 상기 기액분리기에 의해 분리된 증발가스는 상기 증발가스 열교환기로 보내질 수 있다.The vessel may further include a gas-liquid separator for separating the partially liquefied liquefied gas and the evaporated gas remaining in the gaseous state through the boil-off gas heat exchanger, the refrigerant heat exchanger and the first decompression device, The liquefied gas separated by the gas-liquid separator may be sent to the storage tank, and the boil-off gas separated by the gas-liquid separator may be sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger.
상기 제1 유체는 연료수요처 상류에서 두 흐름으로 분기하여, 일부는 상기 증발가스 열교환기, 상기 냉매열교환기, 및 상기 제1 감압장치를 순차적으로 통과하며 일부 또는 전부가 재액화될 수 있고, 다른 일부는 상기 연료수요처로 보내질 수 있다.The first fluid branches into two streams upstream of the fuel source, with a portion passing sequentially through the boil-off gas heat exchanger, the refrigerant heat exchanger, and the first depressurization device, and some or all of which may be reliquefied, Some may be sent to the fuel demand.
상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축되어 상기 냉매열교환기 및 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과한 후, 상기 냉매열교환기의 냉매로 사용된 상기 제2 유체는, 다시 상기 여분압축기로 보내져, 상기 여분압축기, 상기 냉매열교환기, 상기 냉매감압장치, 다시 상기 냉매열교환기를 연결하는 폐루프의 냉매사이클을 형성할 수 있다.After being compressed by the spare compressor and passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger and the refrigerant pressure reducing device, the second fluid used as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger is again sent to the spare compressor, whereby the spare compressor and the refrigerant heat exchange For example, a refrigerant cycle of a closed loop connecting the refrigerant pressure reducing device to the refrigerant heat exchanger may be formed.
상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축되어 상기 냉매열교환기 및 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과한 후, 상기 냉매열교환기의 냉매로 사용된 상기 제2 유체는, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스와 합류될 수 있다.The second fluid used as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger after being compressed by the redundant compressor and passed through the refrigerant heat exchanger and the refrigerant pressure reducing device passes through the evaporative gas heat exchanger after being discharged from the storage tank. It can be combined with the boil-off gas.
상기 선박은, 상기 제1 유체와 상기 제2 유체를 연통시키는 라인 상에 설치되는 밸브를 더 포함할 수 있고, 상기 밸브는, 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스를 합류 또는 분리시키도록 개폐될 수 있다.The vessel may further include a valve installed on a line for communicating the first fluid and the second fluid, wherein the valve is evaporated by the extra compressor and the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor. It can be opened and closed to join or separate gases.
상기 냉매감압장치는 팽창기일 수 있고, 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과하기 직전의 유체 및 통과한 직후의 유체는 기체상일 수 있다.The refrigerant reducing device may be an expander, and the fluid immediately before passing through the refrigerant reducing device and the fluid immediately after passing may be gaseous.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 다른 측면에 따르면, 액화가스를 저장하는 저장탱크를 포함하는 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템에 있어서, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출되는 증발가스의 일부를 압축기에 의해 압축시킨 후 연료수요처로 보내는 제1 공급라인; 상기 제1 공급라인으로부터 분기되어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출되는 증발가스의 다른 일부를 여분압축기에 의해 압축시키는 제2 공급라인; 상기 제1 공급라인으로부터 분기되어, 압축된 증발가스를 증발가스 열교환기, 냉매열교환기, 및 제1 감압장치를 통과시켜 재액화시키는 복귀라인; 상기 냉매열교환기 및 냉매감압장치를 통과하며 냉각된 증발가스를 다시 상기 냉매열교환기로 보내 냉매로 사용하도록 한 후, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스와 합류시키는 재순환라인; 상기 냉매감압장치 및 상기 냉매열교환기 하류의 재순환라인과, 상기 여분압축기 상류의 제2 공급라인 사이를 연결하는 제1 추가라인; 상기 제1 추가라인과, 상기 압축기 상류의 제1 공급라인을 연결하는 제2 추가라인; 상기 압축기 하류의 제1 공급라인과, 상기 여분압축기 하류의 상기 제2 공급라인을 연결하는 제3 추가라인; 상기 압축기 하류의 제1 공급라인과, 상기 냉매열교환기 및 상기 냉매감압장치 상류의 재순환라인을 연결하는 제4 추가라인; 및 상기 여분압축기 하류의 제2 공급라인과, 상기 증발가스 열교환기 상류의 복귀라인을 연결하는 제5 추가라인;을 포함하고, 상기 증발가스 열교환기는, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스를 냉매로 하여, 상기 복귀라인을 따라 공급되는 증발가스를 열교환시켜 냉각시키고, 상기 냉매열교환기는, 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과한 증발가스를 냉매로 하여, 상기 재순환라인을 따라 공급되는 증발가스; 및 상기 복귀라인을 따라 공급되는 증발가스;를 둘 다 열교환시켜 냉각시키는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템이 제공된다.According to another aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object, in the boil-off gas treatment system including a storage tank for storing liquefied gas, after compressing a portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank by a compressor A first supply line for sending to fuel demand; A second supply line branched from the first supply line to compress another portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank by an extra compressor; A return line branched from the first supply line to reliquefy the compressed boil-off gas through an boil-off gas heat exchanger, a refrigerant heat exchanger, and a first pressure reducing device; A recirculation line passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger and the refrigerant pressure reducing device and sending the cooled boil-off gas back to the refrigerant heat exchanger for use as a refrigerant, and then joining the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank; A first additional line connecting between the refrigerant reducing device and the recirculation line downstream of the refrigerant heat exchanger and a second supply line upstream of the redundant compressor; A second additional line connecting the first additional line and a first supply line upstream of the compressor; A third additional line connecting the first supply line downstream of the compressor and the second supply line downstream of the redundant compressor; A fourth additional line connecting the first supply line downstream of the compressor and the recirculation line upstream of the refrigerant heat exchanger and the refrigerant pressure reducing device; And a fifth additional line connecting a second supply line downstream of the redundant compressor and a return line upstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger, wherein the boil-off gas heat exchanger uses the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank as a refrigerant. The heat exchanger cools the evaporated gas supplied along the return line, and the refrigerant heat exchanger comprises: an evaporated gas supplied along the recirculation line using the evaporated gas passed through the refrigerant reducing device as a refrigerant; And an evaporation gas supplied along the return line.
상기 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템은, 상기 압축기 상류의 상기 제1 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제1 밸브; 상기 압축기 하류의 상기 제1 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제2 밸브; 상기 여분압축기 상류의 상기 제2 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제3 밸브; 상기 여분압축기 하류의 상기 제2 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제4 밸브; 상기 증발가스 열교환기 상류의 상기 복귀라인 상에 설치되는 제5 밸브; 상기 냉매감압장치 및 상기 냉매열교환기 상류의 상기 재순환라인에 설치되는 제6 밸브; 상기 냉매감압장치 및 상기 냉매열교환기 하류의 상기 재순환라인에 설치되는 제9 밸브; 상기 제1 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제10 밸브; 상기 제2 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제12 밸브; 상기 제3 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제13 밸브; 상기 제4 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제14 밸브; 및 상기 제5 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제15 밸브;를 더 포함할 수 있다.The vessel's boil-off gas treatment system includes: a first valve installed on the first supply line upstream of the compressor; A second valve installed on the first supply line downstream of the compressor; A third valve installed on the second supply line upstream of the redundant compressor; A fourth valve installed on the second supply line downstream of the redundant compressor; A fifth valve installed on the return line upstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger; A sixth valve installed in the recirculation line upstream of the refrigerant pressure reducing device and the refrigerant heat exchanger; A ninth valve installed in the recirculation line downstream of the refrigerant reducing device and the refrigerant heat exchanger; A tenth valve installed on the first additional line; A twelfth valve installed on the second additional line; A thirteenth valve installed on the third additional line; A fourteenth valve installed on the fourth additional line; And a fifteenth valve installed on the fifth additional line.
상기 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템은, 상기 연료수요처 상류 및 상기 제2 공급라인 하류의 상기 제1 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제11 밸브를 더 포함할 수 있다.The boil-off gas treatment system of the vessel may further include an eleventh valve installed on the first supply line upstream of the fuel demand and downstream of the second supply line.
상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제10 밸브는 열고, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제9 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제13 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 닫은 상태에서 시스템을 구동시키고, 증발가스가 상기 여분압축기로 공급되면 상기 제3 밸브를 닫아, 증발가스가 상기 여분압축기, 상기 제6 밸브, 상기 냉매열교환기, 상기 냉매감압장치, 다시 상기 냉매열교환기, 및 상기 제10 밸브를 순환하는, 폐루프의 냉매 사이클을 형성시킬 수 있다.The first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the tenth valve are opened, and the fourth valve, the ninth valve, the twelfth valve, and the first valve are opened. The thirteenth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve operate the system in the closed state, and close the third valve when the boil-off gas is supplied to the spare compressor, so that the boil-off gas is supplied to the spare compressor, the sixth valve, A closed loop refrigerant cycle may be formed to circulate the refrigerant heat exchanger, the refrigerant pressure reducing device, the refrigerant heat exchanger, and the tenth valve.
상기 압축기가 고장난 경우, 상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제10 밸브는 닫고, 상기 제3 밸브 및 상기 제4 밸브는 열어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스가, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 여분압축기, 및 상기 제4 밸브를 거쳐 연료수요처로 공급될 수 있다.When the compressor is broken, the first valve, the second valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the tenth valve are closed, and the third valve and the fourth valve are opened, and from the storage tank. After being discharged, the boil-off gas passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger may be supplied to the fuel demand via the third valve, the spare compressor, and the fourth valve.
상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 열고, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 상기 제9 밸브, 상기 제10 밸브, 및 상기 제13 밸브는 닫은 상태에서 시스템을 구동시키고, 증발가스가 상기 압축기로 공급되면, 상기 제1 밸브를 닫아, 증발가스가 상기 압축기, 상기 제14 밸브, 상기 냉매열교환기, 상기 냉매감압장치, 다시 상기 냉매열교환기, 및 상기 제12 밸브를 순환하는, 폐루프의 냉매 사이클을 형성시킬 수 있다.The first valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the twelfth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve are opened, and the second valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the fifth valve are opened. The ninth valve, the tenth valve, and the thirteenth valve drive the system in a closed state, and when the boil-off gas is supplied to the compressor, close the first valve so that the boil-off gas is placed on the compressor, the fourteenth valve, the A closed loop refrigerant cycle circulating through the refrigerant heat exchanger, the refrigerant pressure reducing device, the refrigerant heat exchanger, and the twelfth valve may be formed.
상기 여분압축기가 고장난 경우, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 닫고, 상기 제1 밸브 및 상기 제2 밸브는 열어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스가, 상기 제1 밸브, 상기 압축기, 및 상기 제2 밸브를 거쳐 연료수요처로 공급될 수 있다.When the spare compressor is broken, the third valve, the fourth valve, the twelfth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve are closed, and the first valve and the second valve are opened to open the storage tank. After being discharged from the gas, the boil-off gas passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger may be supplied to the fuel demand via the first valve, the compressor, and the second valve.
상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 상기 제9 밸브, 및 상기 제13 밸브는 열고, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제10 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 닫아, 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 합류되어 운용될 수 있다.The first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, the ninth valve, and the thirteenth valve are opened, and the fourth valve, the tenth valve, and the fifth valve are opened. The twelve valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve are closed to operate by combining the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the spare compressor.
상기 압축기가 고장난 경우, 상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제9 밸브를 닫아, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스가, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 여분압축기, 상기 제13 밸브, 및 상기 제2 밸브를 거쳐 연료수요처로 공급될 수 있다.When the compressor fails, the third valve is closed by closing the first valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the ninth valve, and having passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger after being discharged from the storage tank. The valve may be supplied to the fuel demand via the spare compressor, the thirteenth valve, and the second valve.
상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제9 밸브는 열고, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제10 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제13 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 닫아, 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 분리되어 운용될 수 있다.The first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the ninth valve are opened, and the fourth valve, the tenth valve, the twelfth valve, and the ninth valve are opened. The thirteenth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve may be closed to separate and operate the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the spare compressor.
상기 압축기가 고장난 경우, 상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제9 밸브를 닫고, 상기 제13 밸브를 열어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스가, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 여분압축기, 상기 제13 밸브, 및 상기 제2 밸브를 거쳐 연료수요처로 공급될 수 있다.When the compressor is broken, the first valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the ninth valve are closed, the thirteenth valve is opened, and discharged from the storage tank to pass through the evaporative gas heat exchanger. The boil-off gas may be supplied to the fuel demand via the third valve, the spare compressor, the thirteenth valve, and the second valve.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 또 다른 측면에 따르면, 액화가스 저장탱크로부터 배출되는 증발가스를 둘로 분기시켜, 상기 분기된 두 흐름의 증발가스를 압축기 또는 여분압축기에 의해 압축시키고, 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스 및 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스 중 적어도 하나 이상을, 연료수요처로 보내거나, 재액화시켜 상기 저장탱크로 복귀시키거나(이하, ‘복귀 증발가스’라고 한다.), 재순환시키고(이하, ‘재순환 증발가스’라고 한다.), 상기 복귀 증발가스는, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스와 열교환되어 냉각된 후, 상기 재순환 증발가스와 열교환되어 추가적으로 냉각되고, 상기 재순환 증발가스는, 냉각 및 팽창된 후 상기 복귀 증발가스와 열교환되는, 방법이 제공된다.According to another aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object, by dividing the boil-off gas discharged from the liquefied gas storage tank in two, to compress the diverged two streams of the boil-off gas by a compressor or a spare compressor, At least one of the boil-off gas compressed by the boil-off gas and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor, is returned to the storage tank or reliquefied to return to the storage tank (hereinafter referred to as 'return boil-off gas'), Recycle (hereinafter referred to as 'recycled evaporation gas'), and the returned evaporated gas is cooled by heat exchange with the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank, then heat exchanged with the recycle evaporated gas, and further cooled, and recycle recycle evaporation. A gas is provided wherein the gas is cooled and expanded and then heat exchanged with the return boil off gas.
상기 압축기 하류 라인과 상기 여분압축기 하류 라인이 연결되어, 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스는, 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 합류될 수 있다.The compressor downstream line and the extra compressor downstream line may be connected so that the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor may be combined with the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor.
본 발명은, 기존의 부분 재액화 시스템(PRS)에 비하여, 증발가스가 냉매 열교환기에 의한 추가적인 냉각 과정을 거친 후 감압되므로, 재액화 효율 및 재액화량을 증가시킬 수 있다. 특히, 별도의 냉매를 이용하는 냉동 사이클을 사용하지 않고도, 남는 증발가스의 대부분 또는 전부의 재액화가 가능하여 경제적이다.Compared with the conventional partial reliquefaction system (PRS), the present invention can increase the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction since the evaporated gas is decompressed after the additional cooling process by the refrigerant heat exchanger. In particular, it is economical to re-liquefy most or all of the remaining boil-off gas without using a refrigeration cycle using a separate refrigerant.
또한, 본 발명에 따르면, 증발가스의 배출량, 선박의 운항 속도에 따른 엔진 부하 등에 따라 냉매 유량 및 냉열 공급의 유동적인 제어가 가능하다.In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to control the flow rate of the refrigerant and the cooling heat supply in accordance with the discharge of the boil-off gas, the engine load according to the operating speed of the vessel.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 기존에 이미 설치되어 있던 여분의 압축기를 이용하여 재액화 효율 및 재액화량을 높이므로, 선내 공간 확보에 기여하고, 추가로 압축기를 설치하는데 드는 비용을 절감할 수 있다. 특히, 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스뿐만 아니라 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스도 냉매 열교환기에서 냉매로 사용할 수 있게 되어, 냉매 열교환기에서 냉매로 사용하는 증발가스의 유량을 증가시킬 수 있으므로, 재액화 효율 및 재액화량을 더욱 증가시킬 수 있다.According to one embodiment of the present invention, since the re-liquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction are increased by using the spare compressor that is already installed, it contributes to securing the space on board and further reduces the cost of installing the compressor. Can be. In particular, not only the boil-off gas compressed by the spare compressor but also the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor can be used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger, thereby increasing the flow rate of the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger. It is possible to further increase the liquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction.
도 1은 종래의 부분 재액화 시스템을 개략적으로 나타낸 구성도이다.1 is a schematic view showing a conventional partial reliquefaction system.
도 2는 본 발명의 제1 실시예에 따른 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템을 개략적으로 나타낸 구성도이다.Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
도 3은 본 발명의 제2 실시예에 따른 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템을 개략적으로 나타낸 구성도이다.3 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
도 4는 본 발명의 제3 실시예에 따른 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템을 개략적으로 나타낸 구성도이다.4 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a system for treating boil-off gas in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
도 5는 본 발명의 제4 실시예에 따른 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템을 개략적으로 나타낸 구성도이다.5 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
도 6은 본 발명의 제5 실시예에 따른 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템을 개략적으로 나타낸 구성도이다.Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing a system for treating the boil-off gas in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
도 7은 온도 및 압력에 따른 메탄의 상변화를 개략적으로 나타낸 그래프이다.7 is a graph schematically showing the phase change of methane with temperature and pressure.
이하 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 대한 구성 및 작용을 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다. 본 발명의 선박은, 천연가스를 연료로 사용하는 엔진을 탑재한 선박 및 액화가스 저장탱크를 포함하는 선박 등에 다양하게 응용되어 적용될 수 있다. 또한, 하기 실시예는 여러 가지 다른 형태로 변형될 수 있으며, 본 발명의 범위가 하기 실시예에 한정되는 것은 아니다.Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The vessel of the present invention can be applied to various applications, such as a vessel equipped with an engine using natural gas as a fuel, and a vessel including a liquefied gas storage tank. In addition, the following examples may be modified in many different forms, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
본 발명의 후술할 증발가스 처리를 위한 시스템들은 저온 액체화물 또는 액화가스를 저장할 수 있는 저장탱크가 설치된 모든 종류의 선박과 해상 구조물, 즉 액화천연가스 운반선, 액화에탄가스(Liquefied Ethane Gas) 운반선, LNG RV와 같은 선박을 비롯하여, LNG FPSO, LNG FSRU와 같은 해상 구조물에 적용될 수 있다. 다만 후술하는 실시예들에서는 설명의 편의상 대표적인 저온 액체화물인 액화천연가스를 예로 들어 설명한다.The system for the treatment of boil-off gas to be described later of the present invention includes all kinds of vessels and offshore structures, that is, liquefied natural gas carriers, liquefied ethane gas carriers, equipped with storage tanks capable of storing low temperature liquid cargo or liquefied gas, It can be applied to ships such as LNG RV, as well as offshore structures such as LNG FPSO, LNG FSRU. However, embodiments described later will be described by taking liquefied natural gas as a representative low temperature liquid cargo for the convenience of description.
또한, 본 발명의 각 라인에서의 유체는, 시스템의 운용 조건에 따라, 액체 상태, 기액 혼합 상태, 기체 상태, 초임계유체 상태 중 어느 하나의 상태일 수 있다.In addition, the fluid in each line of the present invention may be in any one of a liquid state, a gas-liquid mixed state, a gas state, and a supercritical fluid state, depending on the operating conditions of the system.
도 1은 종래의 부분 재액화 시스템을 개략적으로 나타낸 구성도이다.1 is a schematic view showing a conventional partial reliquefaction system.
도 1을 참조하면, 종래의 부분 재액화 시스템에서, 액체화물을 저장하는 저장탱크에서 발생하여 배출되는 증발가스는, 배관을 따라 이송되어 증발가스 압축부(10)에서 압축된다.Referring to FIG. 1, in the conventional partial reliquefaction system, the boil-off gas generated and discharged from the storage tank for storing the liquid cargo is transferred along the pipe and compressed in the boil-off gas compression unit 10.
저장탱크(T)는 액화천연가스 등의 액화가스를 극저온 상태로 저장할 수 있도록 밀봉 및 단열 방벽을 갖추고 있지만, 외부로부터 전달되는 열을 완벽하게 차단할 수는 없고, 탱크 내에서는 액화가스의 증발이 지속적으로 이루어지며 탱크 내압이 상승할 수 있는데, 이러한 증발가스에 의한 탱크 압력의 과도한 상승을 막고, 적정한 수준의 내압을 유지하기 위해 저장탱크 내부의 증발가스를 배출시켜, 증발가스 압축부(10)로 공급한다.The storage tank (T) has a sealing and insulation barrier to store liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas in a cryogenic state, but it cannot completely block the heat transmitted from the outside, and the liquefied gas evaporates continuously in the tank. The internal pressure of the tank may be increased, and to prevent excessive increase in the tank pressure due to the boil-off gas, and to discharge the boil-off gas inside the storage tank to maintain an appropriate level of internal pressure, the boil-off gas compression unit 10 may be used. Supply.
저장탱크로부터 배출되어 증발가스 압축부(10)에서 압축된 증발가스를 제1 스트림이라 할 때, 압축된 증발가스의 제1 스트림을 제2 스트림과 제3 스트림으로 나누어, 제2 스트림은 액화시켜 저장탱크(T)로 복귀시키도록 구성하고, 제3 스트림은 선내의 추진용 엔진이나 발전용 엔진과 같은 가스 연료 소비처로 공급하도록 구성할 수 있다. 이 경우 증발가스 압축부(10)에서는 연료 소비처의 공급 압력까지 증발가스를 압축할 수 있고, 제2 스트림은 필요에 따라 증발가스 압축부의 전부 또는 일부를 거쳐 분기시킬 수 있다. 연료 소비처의 연료 필요량에 따라 제3 스트림으로 압축된 증발가스 전부를 공급할 수도 있고, 제2 스트림으로 전량을 공급하여 압축된 증발가스 전부를 저장탱크로 복귀시킬 수도 있다. 가스 연료 소비처로는 고압가스분사엔진(예를 들어, MDT사가 개발한 ME-GI 엔진 등) 및 저압가스분사엔진(예를 들어, Wartsila社의 X-DF 엔진(Generation X-Dual Fuel engine) 등)을 비롯하여, DF Generator, 가스 터빈, DFDE 등을 예로 들 수 있다. When the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank and compressed in the boil-off gas compression unit 10 is called a first stream, the first stream of compressed boil-off gas is divided into a second stream and a third stream, and the second stream is liquefied. It is configured to return to the storage tank (T), and the third stream can be configured to supply to a gas fuel consumer such as a propulsion engine or a power generation engine on board. In this case, the boil-off gas compression unit 10 may compress the boil-off gas to the supply pressure of the fuel consumer, and the second stream may branch through all or part of the boil-off gas compression unit as necessary. Depending on the fuel consumption of the fuel consumer, all of the compressed boil-off gas may be supplied to the third stream, or all of the compressed boil-off gas may be supplied to the second stream to return the compressed boil-off gas to the storage tank. Gas fuel consumption sources include high pressure gas injection engines (eg, ME-GI engines developed by MDT) and low pressure gas injection engines (eg, Wartsila's Generation X-Dual Fuel engine). ), DF Generator, gas turbine, DFDE and the like.
이때, 압축된 증발가스의 제2 스트림을 액화시킬 수 있도록 열교환기(20)를 설치하는데, 저장탱크에서 발생하는 증발가스를 압축된 증발가스의 냉열 공급원으로 이용한다. 열교환기(20)를 거치면서 증발가스 압축부에서의 압축과정에서 온도가 상승한 압축된 증발가스, 즉 제2 스트림은 냉각되고, 저장탱크에서 발생하여 열교환기(20)로 도입된 증발가스는 가열되어 증발가스 압축부(10)로 공급된다. At this time, the heat exchanger 20 is installed to liquefy the second stream of compressed boil-off gas, and the boil-off gas generated from the storage tank is used as a cold heat source of the compressed boil-off gas. The compressed boil-off gas, ie, the second stream, which has risen in temperature during the compression in the boil-off gas compression unit while passing through the heat exchanger 20 is cooled, and the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank and introduced into the heat exchanger 20 is heated. And is supplied to the boil-off gas compression unit 10.
압축되기 전 증발가스의 유량이 제2 스트림의 유량보다 많기 때문에, 압축된 증발가스의 제2 스트림은 압축되기 전의 증발가스로부터 냉열을 공급받아 적어도 일부가 액화될 수 있다. 이와 같이 열교환기에서는 저장탱크로부터 배출된 직후의 저온 증발가스와 증발가스 압축부에서 압축된 고압 상태의 증발가스를 열교환시켜 고압 증발가스를 액화시킨다.Since the flow rate of the boil-off gas before being compressed is greater than the flow rate of the second stream, the second stream of compressed boil-off gas may be supplied with cold heat from the boil-off gas before being compressed to at least partially liquefy. As described above, the heat exchanger heat-exchanges the low-temperature evaporated gas immediately after being discharged from the storage tank and the high-pressure evaporated gas compressed by the evaporated gas compression unit to liquefy the high-pressure evaporated gas.
열교환기(20)를 거친 제2 스트림의 증발가스는 팽창밸브 또는 팽창기와 같은 팽창수단(30)을 통과하면서 감압되면서 추가로 냉각되어, 기액분리기(40)에 공급된다. 액화된 증발가스는 기액분리기에서 기체와 액체 성분이 분리되어, 액체성분, 즉 액화천연가스는 저장탱크로 복귀되고, 기체성분, 즉 증발가스는 저장탱크로부터 배출되어 열교환기(20) 및 증발가스 압축부(10)로 공급되는 증발가스 흐름에 증발가스 흐름에 합류되거나, 다시 열교환기(20)로 공급되어 증발가스 압축부(10)에서 압축된 고압 상태의 증발가스를 열교환시키는 냉열 공급원으로 활용될 수도 있다. 물론, 가스연소장치(Gas Combustion Unit; GCU) 등으로 보내 연소시키거나, 가스 소모처(가스엔진 포함)에 보내 소모시킬 수도 있다. 증발가스 흐름에 합류되기 전 기액분리기에서 분리된 기체를 추가로 감압시키기 위한 또 다른 팽창수단(50)이 더 설치될 수 있다.The boil-off gas of the second stream passing through the heat exchanger 20 is further cooled while being decompressed while passing through expansion means 30 such as an expansion valve or expander, and is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 40. The liquefied boil-off gas is separated from the gas and the liquid component in the gas-liquid separator, and the liquid component, that is, the liquefied natural gas, is returned to the storage tank, and the gas component, that is, the boil-off gas, is discharged from the storage tank so as to exchange the heat exchanger 20 and the boil-off gas. The evaporation gas flow supplied to the compression unit 10 is joined to the evaporation gas flow, or supplied to the heat exchanger 20 and used as a cold heat source for heat-exchanging the high-pressure evaporation gas compressed by the evaporation gas compression unit 10. May be Of course, it may be sent to a gas combustion unit (GCU) or the like for combustion, or may be sent to a gas consumer (including a gas engine) for consumption. Another expansion means 50 may be further installed to further depressurize the gas separated in the gas-liquid separator before joining the boil-off gas stream.
도 2는 본 발명의 제1 실시예에 따른 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템을 개략적으로 나타낸 구성도이다.Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
도 2를 참조하면, 본 실시예의 시스템은, 저장탱크에 저장된 저온 액체화물로부터 발생하는 증발가스(Boil Off Gas)를 공급받아 증발가스를 냉매로 순환시키는 냉매순환부(300a)를 구성한 것이 특징이다. 2, the system of the present embodiment is characterized in that the refrigerant circulation section 300a for receiving the boil off gas generated from the low temperature liquid cargo stored in the storage tank to circulate the boil off gas to the refrigerant .
이를 위해 저장탱크로부터 냉매순환부(300a)로 증발가스를 공급하는 냉매공급라인(CSLa)을 포함하며, 냉매공급라인에는 밸브(400a)가 마련되어, 냉매순환부를 순환할 수 있는 충분한 양의 증발가스가 공급되면 냉매공급라인(CSLa)을 차단하여, 냉매순환부(300a)는 폐루프(closed loop)로 운용된다. To this end, it comprises a refrigerant supply line (CSLa) for supplying the boil-off gas from the storage tank to the refrigerant circulation unit 300a, the valve supply line is provided with a valve 400a, a sufficient amount of evaporation gas to circulate the refrigerant circulation unit When is supplied to block the refrigerant supply line (CSLa), the refrigerant circulation unit 300a is operated in a closed loop (closed loop).
전술한 기본 실시예에서와 마찬가지로 본 제1 확장 실시예에서도 저장탱크(T)의 저온 액체화물로부터 발생하는 증발가스를 압축하는 압축기(100a)가 마련된다. 저장탱크에서 발생한 증발가스는 증발가스공급라인(BLa)을 따라 압축기(100a)로 도입된다. As in the above-described basic embodiment, in the first expanded embodiment, a compressor 100a for compressing the boil-off gas generated from the low temperature liquid cargo of the storage tank T is provided. The boil-off gas generated in the storage tank is introduced into the compressor 100a along the boil-off gas supply line BLa.
본 실시예들의 저장탱크(T)는 액체화물의 하중이 단열층에 직접 가해지지 않는 독립탱크형(Independent Type) 탱크, 또는 화물의 하중이 단열층에 직접 가해지는 멤브레인형(Membrane Type) 탱크로 만들어질 수 있다. 독립탱크형 탱크인 경우에는, 2 barg 이상의 압력에 견디도록 설계된 압력용기로 사용하는 것도 가능하다.The storage tank T of the present embodiments may be made of an independent type tank in which the load of liquid cargo is not directly applied to the insulation layer, or a membrane type tank in which the load of cargo is directly applied to the insulation layer. Can be. In the case of independent tank type tanks, it is also possible to use a pressure vessel designed to withstand pressures of 2 barg or more.
한편, 본 실시예들에서는 증발가스의 재액화를 위한 라인만을 도시하였으나, 압축기에서 압축된 증발가스는 선박 또는 해상 구조물의 추진용 엔진 및 발전용 엔진을 포함하는 연료수요처에 연료로 공급될 수 있고, 연료 소모량이 증발가스 전량을 소비할 수 있을 때에는 재액화되는 증발가스가 없을 수도 있다. 선박이 정박하고 있는 때와 같이 가스 연료의 소모량이 적거나 없는 경우에는, 증발가스의 전량을 재액화라인(RLa)으로 공급할 수도 있다. Meanwhile, although only lines for reliquefying the boil-off gas are shown in the present embodiments, the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor may be supplied as a fuel to a fuel demand including a propulsion engine and a power generation engine of a ship or offshore structure. For example, when the fuel consumption can consume the entire amount of boil-off gas, there may be no boil-off gas to be reliquefied. When the gaseous fuel consumption is low or absent, such as when the ship is anchored, the entire amount of the boil-off gas may be supplied to the reliquefaction line RLa.
압축된 증발가스는 증발가스 재액화라인(RLa)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(200a)로 공급되는데, 증발가스 열교환기(200a)는 증발가스 재액화라인(RLa)과 증발가스공급라인(BLa)에 걸쳐 마련되어, 압축기(100a)로 도입될 증발가스와 압축기의 적어도 일부를 거쳐 압축된 증발가스를 열교환시킨다. 압축과정에서 온도가 높아진 증발가스는, 저장탱크에서 발생하여 압축기(100a)로 도입될 저온 증발가스와 열교환을 통해 냉각된다. The compressed boil-off gas is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 200a along the boil-off gas reliquefaction line RLa, and the boil-off gas heat exchanger 200a is the boil-off gas reliquefaction line RLa and the boil-off gas supply line BLa. It is provided over, and heat exchanges the boil-off gas to be introduced into the compressor (100a) and the boil-off gas compressed through at least a portion of the compressor. The boil-off gas whose temperature is increased in the compression process is cooled by heat exchange with the low-temperature boil-off gas generated in the storage tank and introduced into the compressor 100a.
증발가스 열교환기(200a)의 하류에는 냉매열교환기(500a)가 마련되어, 압축 후 증발가스 열교환기에서 열교환된 증발가스는 냉매순환부(300a)를 순환하는 증발가스와 열교환을 통해 추가로 냉각된다. A refrigerant heat exchanger 500a is provided downstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger 200a, and the boil-off gas heat-exchanged in the boil-off gas heat exchanger after compression is further cooled through heat exchange with the boil-off gas circulating in the refrigerant circulation unit 300a. .
냉매순환부(300a)는, 저장탱크로부터 공급되는 증발가스를 압축하는 냉매압축기(310a)와, 냉매압축기에서 압축된 증발가스를 냉각하는 냉각기(320a)와, 냉각기에서 냉각된 증발가스를 감압시켜 추가냉각하는 냉매감압장치(330a)를 포함한다. 냉매감압장치(330a)는 증발가스를 단열팽창시켜 냉각하는 팽창밸브 또는 팽창기일 수 있다. The refrigerant circulation unit 300a is configured to reduce the refrigerant compressor 310a for compressing the evaporated gas supplied from the storage tank, the cooler 320a for cooling the evaporated gas compressed by the refrigerant compressor, and reduce the evaporated gas cooled in the cooler. It further comprises a refrigerant pressure reducing device (330a) for additional cooling. The refrigerant decompression device 330a may be an expansion valve or an expander that adiabatically expands and cools the boil-off gas.
냉매감압장치(330a)를 거쳐 냉각된 증발가스는 냉매순환라인(CCLa)을 따라 냉매로서 냉매열교환기(500a)로 공급되어 냉매열교환기(500a)에서, 증발가스 열교환기(200a)를 거쳐 공급된 증발가스와 열교환을 통해 증발가스를 냉각시키게 된다. 냉매열교환기(500a)를 거친 냉매순환라인(CCLa)의 증발가스는 냉매압축기(310a)로 순환되어, 전술한 압축 및 냉각과정을 거치면서 냉매순환라인을 순환하게 된다.The evaporated gas cooled through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 330a is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 500a as a refrigerant along the refrigerant circulation line CCLa, and is supplied from the refrigerant heat exchanger 500a through the evaporation gas heat exchanger 200a. The boil-off gas is cooled through heat exchange with the boil-off gas. The evaporated gas of the refrigerant circulation line CCLa passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 500a is circulated to the refrigerant compressor 310a to circulate through the refrigerant circulation line while undergoing the above-described compression and cooling process.
한편, 냉매열교환기(500a)에서 냉각된 증발가스 재액화라인(RLa)의 증발가스는 제1 감압장치(600a)를 거쳐 감압된다. 제1 감압장치(600a)는 줄-톰슨(Joule-Thomson) 밸브 등의 팽창밸브, 또는 팽창기일 수 있다.On the other hand, the boil-off gas of the boil-off gas reliquefaction line RLa cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 500a is reduced in pressure through the first pressure reducing device 600a. The first pressure reducing device 600a may be an expansion valve such as a Joule-Thomson valve or an expander.
갑압된 증발가스는 제1 감압장치(600a)의 하류의 기액분리기(700a)로 공급되어 기액분리되고, 기액분리기(700a)에서 분리된 액체, 즉 액화천연가스는 저장탱크(T)로 공급되어 재저장된다. The pressurized boil-off gas is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 700a downstream of the first decompression device 600a and gas-liquid separated, and the liquid separated from the gas-liquid separator 700a, that is, liquefied natural gas, is supplied to the storage tank T. Restored.
기액분리기(700a)에서 분리된 기체, 즉 증발가스는 제2 감압장치(800a)를 거쳐 추가로 감압되고, 저장탱크(T)로부터 증발가스 열교환기(200a)로 도입될 증발가스의 흐름에 증발가스 흐름에 합류되거나, 다시 증발가스 열교환기(200a)로 공급되어 압축기(100a)에서 압축된 고압 상태의 증발가스를 열교환시키는 냉열 공급원으로 활용될 수도 있다. 물론, 가스연소장치(Gas Combustion Unit; GCU) 등으로 보내 연소시키거나, 연료수요처(가스엔진 포함)에 보내 소모시킬 수도 있다.The gas separated from the gas-liquid separator 700a, ie, the boil-off gas, is further decompressed through the second decompression device 800a, and evaporates to the flow of the boil-off gas to be introduced into the boil-off gas heat exchanger 200a from the storage tank T. It may be used as a cold heat source that joins the gas stream or is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 200a to heat-exchange the boil-off gas under high pressure compressed by the compressor 100a. Of course, it may be sent to a gas combustion unit (GCU) for combustion, or may be sent to a fuel demand (including a gas engine) for consumption.
도 3은 본 발명의 제2 실시예에 따른 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템을 개략적으로 나타낸 구성도이다.3 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
도 3을 참조하면, 본 실시예는 냉매순환부(300b)에서 냉각기(320b)로부터 냉매감압장치(330b)로 도입될 증발가스를, 냉매감압장치(330b)에서 감압된 증발가스와 열교환으로 냉각시킨 후에 냉매감압장치(330b)로 공급하도록 구성한 것이다. Referring to FIG. 3, the present embodiment cools the evaporated gas to be introduced into the refrigerant reducing device 330b from the cooler 320b in the refrigerant circulation unit 300b by heat exchange with the evaporated gas decompressed in the refrigerant reducing device 330b. After supplying to the refrigerant pressure reducing device (330b) is configured.
냉매감압장치(330b)를 거쳐 감압되면서 증발가스는 냉각되므로, 냉매감압장치 하류의 증발가스는 냉매감압장치 상류의 증발가스보다 온도가 낮고, 본 실시예는 이러한 점을 고려하여, 냉매감압장치 상류의 증발가스를 하류의 증발가스와 열교환시켜 냉각한 후 감압장치로 도입시킨다. 이를 위해 도 3에 도시된 바와 같이 냉매열교환기(500b)로 냉매감압장치(330b) 상류의 증발가스를 공급할 수 있다(도 3의 A부분). 필요에 따라 냉매감압장치 상류와 하류의 증발가스가 열교환할 수 있는 별도의 열교환 장치를 추가로 구성할 수도 있다. Since the evaporated gas is cooled while being decompressed via the refrigerant decompression device 330b, the evaporation gas downstream of the refrigerant decompression device is lower in temperature than the evaporation gas upstream of the refrigerant decompression device. The boil-off gas of heat exchanged with the downstream boil-off gas, cooled, and introduced into a decompression device. To this end, as shown in FIG. 3, the boil-off gas upstream of the refrigerant reducing device 330b may be supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 500b (part A of FIG. 3). If necessary, a separate heat exchanger may be further configured to exchange heat with the boil-off gas upstream and downstream of the refrigerant pressure reducing device.
이상에서 살펴본 바와 같이, 본 실시예들의 시스템은 저장탱크 액체화물에서 발생하는 증발가스를 재액화하여 저장할 수 있으므로, 액체화물의 수송률을 높일 수 있다. 특히 선내 가스 소비처의 연료 소모량이 적은 경우에도 저장탱크의 압력 상승을 막기 위해 가스연소장치(Gas Combustion Unit; GCU) 등에서 연소시켜 낭비하는 화물의 양을 줄이거나 없앨 수 있어, 에너지가 낭비되는 것을 막을 수 있다. As described above, the system of the embodiments may re-liquefy and store the evaporated gas generated from the storage tank liquid cargo, thereby increasing the transport rate of the liquid cargo. In particular, even if the fuel consumption of onboard gas consumption is low, the gas compression unit (GCU) can reduce or eliminate the amount of waste by burning it in a gas combustion unit (GCU) to prevent the pressure rise. Can be.
또한, 증발가스를 냉매로 순환시켜, 증발가스의 재액화를 위한 냉열원으로 활용함으로써 별도의 냉매 사이클을 구성하지 않고도 증발가스를 효과적으로 재액화시킬 수 있으며, 별도의 냉매를 공급할 필요가 없으므로, 선내 공간 확보에 기여하고 경제적이다. 또한, 냉매 사이클에서 냉매가 부족하면 저장탱크로부터 보충할 수 있어 원활한 냉매 보충이 이루어질 수 있고, 냉매 사이클의 운용이 효과적으로 이루어질 수 있다. In addition, by circulating the boil-off gas into the refrigerant, as a cooling heat source for the re-liquefaction of the boil-off gas can be effectively re-liquefied the boil-off gas without configuring a separate refrigerant cycle, it is not necessary to supply a separate refrigerant, It contributes to space and is economical. In addition, when the refrigerant is insufficient in the refrigerant cycle can be replenished from the storage tank can be smoothly replenishment, the operation of the refrigerant cycle can be made effectively.
이와 같이 증발가스 자체의 냉열을 다단계로 이용하여 증발가스를 재액화할 수 있어, 선내 증발가스 처리를 위한 시스템 구성을 간소화할 수 있고, 복잡한 증발가스 처리를 위한 장치의 설치 및 운용에 소요되는 비용을 절감할 수 있다.In this way, it is possible to re-liquefy the boil-off gas by using the cold heat of the boil-off gas itself in multiple stages, simplifying the system configuration for boil-off gas treatment on board, and the cost of installing and operating a device for complex boil-off gas treatment. Can reduce the cost.
도 4는 본 발명의 제3 실시예에 따른 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템을 개략적으로 나타낸 구성도이다.4 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a system for treating boil-off gas in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
도 4를 참조하면, 본 실시예의 선박은, 저장탱크(T) 하류에 설치되는 증발가스 열교환기(110); 증발가스 열교환기(110) 하류에 설치되어, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스를 압축시키는 압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122); 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스의 온도를 낮추는 냉각기(130); 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스의 온도를 낮추는 여분냉각기(132); 압축기(120) 상류에 설치되는 제1 밸브(191); 냉각기(130) 하류에 설치되는 제2 밸브(192); 여분압축기(122) 상류에 설치되는 제3 밸브(193); 여분냉각기(132) 하류에 설치되는 제4 밸브(194); 증발가스 열교환기(110)에 의해 냉각된 증발가스를 추가적으로 냉각시키는 냉매열교환기(140); 냉매열교환기(140)를 통과한 증발가스를 팽창시킨 후 다시 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내는 냉매감압장치(160); 및 냉매열교환기(140)에 의해 추가적으로 냉각된 증발가스를 팽창시키는 제1 감압장치(150);를 포함한다.Referring to Figure 4, the ship of this embodiment, the evaporation gas heat exchanger 110 is installed downstream of the storage tank (T); A compressor 120 and a spare compressor 122 installed downstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 to compress the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T; A cooler 130 for lowering the temperature of the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120; An extra cooler 132 for lowering the temperature of the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122; A first valve 191 installed upstream of the compressor 120; A second valve 192 installed downstream of the cooler 130; A third valve 193 installed upstream of the spare compressor 122; A fourth valve 194 installed downstream of the extra cooler 132; A refrigerant heat exchanger (140) for further cooling the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110); A refrigerant pressure reducing device (160) which expands the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger (140) and sends it back to the refrigerant heat exchanger (140); And a first pressure reducing device 150 for expanding the boil-off gas further cooled by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
저장탱크(T)에서 자연적으로 발생된 후 배출된 증발가스는, 제1 공급라인(L1)을 따라 연료수요처(180)에 공급된다. 증발가스 열교환기(110)는 제1 공급라인(L1)에 설치되어 저장탱크(T)에서 배출된 직후의 증발가스로부터 냉열을 회수한다. 본 실시예의 선박은, 연료수요처(180) 상류에 설치되어, 연료수요처(180)로 보내지는 증발가스의 유량 및 개폐를 조절하는 제11 밸브(203)를 더 포함할 수 있다.The boil-off gas naturally generated in the storage tank T and then discharged is supplied to the fuel demand 180 along the first supply line L1. The boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is installed in the first supply line (L1) to recover cold heat from the boil-off gas immediately after being discharged from the storage tank (T). The vessel of the present embodiment may further include an eleventh valve 203 installed upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 to control the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas sent to the fuel demand unit 180.
증발가스 열교환기(110)는, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출되는 증발가스를 공급받아, 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 공급되는 증발가스를 냉각시키는 냉매로 사용한다. 복귀라인(L3) 상에는 증발가스의 유량 및 개폐를 조절하는 제5 밸브(195)가 설치될 수 있다.The boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 receives the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T, and uses the boil-off gas to cool the boil-off gas supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3. A fifth valve 195 may be installed on the return line L3 to control the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas.
압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122)는 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 증발가스를 압축시킨다. 압축기(120)는 제1 공급라인(L1) 상에 설치되며, 여분압축기(122)는, 제2 공급라인(L2) 상에 설치된다. 제2 공급라인(L2)은, 압축기(120) 상류의 제1 공급라인(L1)으로부터 분기하여 압축기(120) 하류의 제1 공급라인(L1)에 연결된다. 또한, 압축기(120)와 여분압축기(122)는 병렬로 설치되며, 동일한 성능의 압축기일 수 있다.The compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 compress the boil-off gas passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110. The compressor 120 is installed on the first supply line L1, and the spare compressor 122 is installed on the second supply line L2. The second supply line L2 branches from the first supply line L1 upstream of the compressor 120 and is connected to the first supply line L1 downstream of the compressor 120. In addition, the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may be installed in parallel, and may be a compressor having the same performance.
일반적으로 선박에는, 압축기(120) 및 냉각기(130)가 고장나는 경우에 대비하여 여분압축기(122) 및 여분냉각기(132)를 추가적으로 설치한다. 종래에는, 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장나지 않은 평상시에는, 여분압축기(122) 및 여분냉각기(132)를 사용하지 않았다.In general, an additional compressor 122 and an extra cooler 132 are additionally installed in a ship in preparation for a failure of the compressor 120 and the cooler 130. Conventionally, the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132 are not used in the usual case in which the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is not broken.
즉, 종래에는, 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장나지 않은 평상시에는, 여분압축기(122) 상류의 제3 밸브(193)와 여분냉각기(132) 하류의 제4 밸브(194)를 닫아, 증발가스가 압축기(120) 및 냉각기(130)를 통과하여 연료수요처(180)로 공급되도록 하였고, 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장난 경우에는, 여분압축기(122) 상류의 제3 밸브(193)와 여분냉각기(132) 하류의 제4 밸브(194)는 열고, 압축기(120) 상류의 제1 밸브(191)와 냉각기(130) 하류의 제2 밸브(192)는 닫아, 증발가스가 여분압축기(122) 및 여분냉각기(132)를 통과하여 연료수요처(180)로 공급되도록 하였다.That is, conventionally, when the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is not broken, the third valve 193 upstream of the spare compressor 122 and the fourth valve 194 downstream of the spare cooler 132 are closed. When the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is broken and the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is broken, the third valve upstream of the spare compressor 122 may be supplied to the boil-off gas through the compressor 120 and the cooler 130. The fourth valve 194 downstream of the 193 and the extra cooler 132 is opened, and the first valve 191 upstream of the compressor 120 and the second valve 192 downstream of the cooler 130 are closed to remove the boil-off gas. Is passed through the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132 to be supplied to the fuel demand (180).
본 발명은, 종래에 선박에 설치되어 있음에도 사용되지 않던 여분압축기(122) 및 여분냉각기(132)를 사용하여 증발가스의 재액화 효율 및 재액화량을 높이기 위한 것으로서, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를, 일부는 연료수요처(180)로 보내고, 다른 일부는 냉매열교환기(140)에서 증발가스를 추가적으로 냉각시키는 냉매로 사용한다.The present invention is to increase the re-liquefaction efficiency and the amount of re-liquefaction of the boil-off gas by using the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132, which has not been used in the prior art, by the extra compressor 122 The compressed boil-off gas is sent to the fuel demand unit 180, and the other portion is used as a refrigerant to further cool the boil-off gas in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
도 7은 온도 및 압력에 따른 메탄의 상변화를 개략적으로 나타낸 그래프이다. 도 7을 참조하면, 메탄은 대략 -80℃ 이상의 온도 및 대략 55bar 이상의 압력 조건이 되면 초임계유체 상태가 된다. 즉, 메탄의 경우, 대략 -80℃, 55bar 상태가 임계점이 된다. 초임계유체 상태는, 액체 상태나 기체상태와는 다른 제3의 상태이다. 7 is a graph schematically showing the phase change of methane with temperature and pressure. Referring to FIG. 7, the methane is in a supercritical fluid state at a temperature of about −80 ° C. or more and a pressure of about 55 bar or more. That is, in the case of methane, the critical point is about -80 ℃, 55bar state. The supercritical fluid state is a third state different from the liquid state or the gas state.
한편, 임계점 이상의 압력에서 임계점보다 낮은 온도를 갖게 되면 일반적인 액체 상태와는 다른, 밀도가 높은 초임계유체 상태와 유사한 상태가 될 수도 있는데, 임계점이상의 압력 및 임계점 이하의 온도를 가지는 증발가스의 상태를, 이하, "고압액체상태"라고 한다.On the other hand, having a temperature lower than the critical point at a pressure above the critical point may result in a state similar to a dense supercritical fluid state, which is different from a general liquid state. Hereafter, it is called "high pressure liquid state."
압축기(120) 또는 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스는 압축된 정도에 따라 기체상태일 수도 있고, 초임계유체 상태일 수도 있다.The boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 or the extra compressor 122 may be in a gaseous state or a supercritical fluid state depending on the degree of compression.
복귀라인(L3)를 통해 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내지는 증발가스가 기체상태인 경우에는, 증발가스는 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과하면서 온도가 낮아져 액체와 기체의 혼합상태가 될 수 있고, 초임계유체 상태인 경우에는, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과하면서 온도가 낮아져 "고압액체상태"가 될 수 있다.When the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 through the return line L3 is in a gaseous state, the boil-off gas passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the temperature is lowered to become a mixed state of liquid and gas. In the case of a supercritical fluid state, the temperature may be lowered while passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 to become a “high pressure liquid state”.
증발가스 열교환기(110)에 의해 냉각된 증발가스는, 냉매열교환기(140)를 통과하면서 온도가 더 낮아지게 되는데, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 증발가스가 액체와 기체의 혼합상태인 경우에는, 증발가스는 냉매열교환기(140)를 통과하면서 온도가 더 낮아져 액체의 비율이 더 높은 혼합상태가 되거나 액체상태가 되고, "고압액체상태"인 경우에는, 냉매열교환기(140)를 통과하면서 온도가 더 낮아지게 된다.The boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 has a lower temperature while passing through the coolant heat exchanger 140. The boil-off gas passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is a mixed state of liquid and gas. In this case, the evaporated gas passes through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the temperature is lowered so that the proportion of the liquid becomes a mixed state or becomes a liquid state. In the case of the "high pressure liquid state", the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 The temperature will be lower as it passes through.
또한, 냉매열교환기(140)를 통과한 증발가스가 "고압액체상태"인 경우에도, 증발가스는 제1 감압장치(150)를 통과하면서 압력이 낮아져 액체상태가 되거나 액체와 기체의 혼합상태가 된다.In addition, even when the boil-off gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is a "high-pressure liquid state", the boil-off gas passes through the first decompression device 150 to lower the pressure to become a liquid state or a mixed state of liquid and gas. do.
증발가스가 제1 감압장치(150)에 의해 압력이 같은 정도(도 7의 P)로 낮아진다고 하더라도, 온도가 더 높은 상태에서 감암되는 경우(도 7의 X→X')보다 온도가 더 낮은 상태에서 감압된 경우(도 7의 Y→Y')에 액체의 비율이 더 높은 혼합상태가 되는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한, 온도를 더 낮출 수 있다면 이론적으로 증발가스를 100% 재액화 시킬 수 있음(도 7의 Z→Z')을 알 수 있다. 따라서, 제1 감압장치(150)를 통과하기 전에 냉매열교환기(140)에 의해 증발가스를 한 번 더 냉각시키면 재액화 효율 및 재액화량이 높아질 수 있다.Although the boil-off gas is lowered to the same degree (P in FIG. 7) by the first decompression device 150, the temperature is lower than that in the case where the temperature is lowered (X → X ′ in FIG. 7). It can be seen that when the pressure is reduced in the state (Y → Y ′ in FIG. 7), the proportion of the liquid becomes a higher mixed state. In addition, it can be seen that if the temperature can be further lowered, theoretically, 100% reliquefaction of the boil-off gas (Z → Z ′ in FIG. 7) is possible. Therefore, if the boil-off gas is further cooled by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 before passing through the first pressure reducing device 150, the re-liquefaction efficiency and the amount of re-liquefaction may be increased.
다시 도 4를 참조하면, 본 실시예는, 제1 실시예 및 제2 실시예에서 증발가스를 추가적으로 냉각시키기 위한 냉매순환부(300a, 300b)을 폐루프로 구성한 것과 비교하여, 냉매 사이클을 개루프로 구성하였다는 차이점이 있다.Referring to FIG. 4 again, the present embodiment compares the refrigerant cycles 300a and 300b for additionally cooling the boil-off gas in the first and second embodiments to form a closed loop. The difference is that it consists of a loop.
제1 실시예 및 제2 실시예에서는 냉매순환부(300a, 300b)를 폐루프로 구성하여, 냉매압축기(310a, 310b)에 의해 압축된 증발가스는 냉매열교환기(500a, 500b)에서 냉매로 사용될 뿐, 연료수요처로 보내지거나, 재액화 과정을 거칠 수는 없다.In the first and second embodiments, the refrigerant circulation parts 300a and 300b are configured as closed loops, and the boil-off gas compressed by the refrigerant compressors 310a and 310b is transferred from the refrigerant heat exchangers 500a and 500b to the refrigerant. It is used only, and cannot be sent to fuel demand or undergo reliquefaction.
반면, 본 실시예에서는 냉매 사이클을 개루프로 구성하여, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 합류된 후, 합류된 증발가스의 일부는 연료수요처(180)로 보내지고, 다른 일부는 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140) 냉매로 사용되고, 나머지 일부는 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 재액화 과정을 거치게 된다.On the other hand, in this embodiment, the refrigerant cycle is configured as an open loop, and after the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 joins the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120, a part of the boil-off boiled gas is fueled. It is sent to the customer (180), the other part is used as the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 refrigerant along the recirculation line (L5), the other part is subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3).
재순환라인(L5)은, 압축기(120) 하류의 제1 공급라인(L1)으로부터 분기하여 압축기(120) 상류의 제1 공급라인(L1)에 연결되는 라인이다. 제1 공급라인(L1)으로부터 분기된 증발가스가 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내지는 재순환라인(L5) 상에는, 증발가스의 유량 및 개폐를 조절하는 제6 밸브(196)가 설치될 수 있다.The recirculation line L5 is a line branching from the first supply line L1 downstream of the compressor 120 and connected to the first supply line L1 upstream of the compressor 120. On the recirculation line L5 through which the boil-off gas branched from the first supply line L1 is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, a sixth valve 196 may be installed to control the flow rate and opening / closing of the boil-off gas.
냉매 사이클을 개루프로 구성한 본 실시예는, 냉매 사이클을 폐루프로 구성한 제1 실시예 및 제2 실시예에 비하여, 압축기(120) 하류 라인과 여분압축기(122) 하류 라인이 연결된다는 점에서 큰 차이점이 있다. 즉, 본 실시예는, 여분압축기(122) 하류의 제2 공급라인(L2)이 압축기(120) 하류의 제1 공급라인(L1)과 연결되어, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 합류된 후, 냉매 열교환기(140), 연료수요처(180), 또는 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진다. 본 실시예는, 압축기(120) 하류 라인과 여분압축기(122) 하류 라인이 연결되는 다른 변형예를 모두 포함한다.The present embodiment in which the refrigerant cycle is configured as an open loop is, in comparison with the first and second embodiments in which the refrigerant cycle is configured as a closed loop, in that the downstream line of the compressor 120 and the downstream line of the spare compressor 122 are connected. There is a big difference. That is, in this embodiment, the second supply line (L2) downstream of the extra compressor 122 is connected to the first supply line (L1) downstream of the compressor 120, the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 Is combined with the compressed boil-off gas by the compressor 120 and then sent to the refrigerant heat-exchanger 140, the fuel demand 180, or the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110. This embodiment includes all other variants in which the downstream line of the compressor 120 and the downstream line of the spare compressor 122 are connected.
따라서, 본 실시예에 의하면, 선박의 운항 속도가 증가하는 등 연료수요처(180)에서의 요구량이 증가하는 경우에는, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스뿐만 아니라 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스도 연료수요처(180)로 보낼 수 있다.Therefore, according to the present embodiment, when the demand amount in the fuel demand unit 180 increases, such as an increase in the operating speed of the ship, it is compressed by the spare compressor 122 as well as the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120. The evaporated gas can also be sent to the fuel demand (180).
그러나 일반적으로, 압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122)는 연료수요처(180)에서 요구되는 양의 대략 1.2배 정도의 용량을 가지도록 설계하므로, 압축기(120)의 용량을 초과하여 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스도 연료수요처(180)로 보내야 하는 경우는 거의 발생하지 않는다. 오히려 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스를 연료수요처(180)에서 모두 소비하지 못하고 재액화하여야 할 증발가스가 증가하여, 많은 양의 증발가스를 재액화시키기 위해 많은 양의 냉매가 필요한 경우가 더 빈번하다.In general, however, the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 are designed to have a capacity of approximately 1.2 times the amount required by the fuel demand 180, so that the excess compressor 122 exceeds the capacity of the compressor 120. In the case where the boil-off gas compressed by) is also required to be sent to the fuel demand unit 180, it hardly occurs. Rather, it is not possible to consume all of the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T in the fuel demand unit 180, and the amount of the evaporated gas to be reliquefied increases. More frequent
본 실시예에 의하면, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스뿐만 아니라, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스도 냉매열교환기(140)에서의 열교환의 냉매로 사용할 수 있으므로, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급되는 증발가스를, 더 많은 냉매를 이용하여 더 낮은 온도로 냉각시킬 수 있고, 전반적인 재액화 효율 및 재액화량을 증가시킬 수 있으며, 이론적으로는 100% 재액화도 가능하다.According to the present embodiment, not only the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 but also the boil-off gas compressed by the spare compressor 122 can be used as a refrigerant for heat exchange in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. After passing through the 110, the evaporated gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line (L3) can be cooled to a lower temperature using more refrigerant, and the overall reliquefaction efficiency and reliquefaction Volume can be increased, and theoretically 100% reliquefaction is also possible.
일반적으로 선박에 설치되는 압축기(120, 122)의 용량을 결정할 때에는, 연료수요처(180)에 증발가스를 공급하기 위해 필요한 용량과, 연료수요처(180)에서 모두 소비하지 못하고 남은 증발가스를 재액화시키기 위해 필요한 용량을 모두 감안하게 되는데, 본 실시예에 의하면 여분압축기(122)를 사용하여 재액화량을 증가시킬 수 있으므로, 재액화에 필요한 용량을 감소시킬 수 있어, 작은 용량의 압축기(120, 122)를 설치할 수 있게 된다. 압축기의 용량을 감소시키면, 장비 설치 비용과 운용 비용을 모두 절감할 수 있는 장점이 있다.In general, when determining the capacity of the compressor (120, 122) installed in the vessel, the capacity required to supply the boil-off gas to the fuel demand (180), and the remaining boil-off gas not consumed by the fuel demand (180) to liquefy Considering all the capacity required to make, according to the present embodiment, since the amount of reliquefaction can be increased by using the extra compressor 122, the capacity required for reliquefaction can be reduced, so that the compressor 120 having a small capacity can be reduced. 122) can be installed. Reducing the capacity of the compressor has the advantage of reducing both equipment installation and operating costs.
본 실시예에서는, 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장나지 않은 평상시에도, 제1 밸브(191) 및 제2 밸브(192)뿐만 아니라, 제3 밸브(193) 및 제4 밸브(194)도 열어, 압축기(120), 냉각기(130), 여분압축기(122), 및 여분냉각기(132)를 모두 가동시키고, 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장난 경우에는, 재액화 효율 및 재액화량을 높이는 것을 포기하고, 제1 밸브(191) 및 제2 밸브(192)를 닫아, 여분압축기(122) 및 여분냉각기(132)를 통과한 증발가스만으로 시스템을 운용한다.In this embodiment, not only the first valve 191 and the second valve 192 but also the third valve 193 and the fourth valve 194 even when the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is not broken. When the compressor 120, the cooler 130, the spare compressor 122, and the spare cooler 132 are all operated, and the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 fails, the reliquefaction efficiency and reliquefaction are also opened. Abandoning the amount, the first valve 191 and the second valve 192 are closed to operate the system only with the boil-off gas passed through the spare compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132.
설명의 편의를 위하여, 압축기(120) 및 냉각기(130)가 주된 역할을 하고, 여분압축기(122)와 여분냉각기(132)가 보조적인 역할을 하는 것으로 설명하였으나, 압축기(120)와 여분압축기(122), 냉각기(130)와 여분냉각기(132)는 동일한 역할을 하며, 하나의 선박에 같은 역할을 하는 압축기 및 냉각기를 두 대 이상 구비하여, 어느 하나가 고장나는 경우에 다른 장비로 대체할 수 있다는 점에서 리던던시(Redundancy) 개념을 만족시키는 것이다. 이하, 동일하다.For convenience of description, it has been described that the compressor 120 and the cooler 130 plays a main role, and the spare compressor 122 and the spare cooler 132 play a secondary role, but the compressor 120 and the spare compressor ( 122), the cooler 130 and the extra cooler 132 have the same role and are provided with two or more compressors and coolers having the same role in one ship, so that in case one fails, it can be replaced with other equipment. In that sense, it satisfies the concept of redundancy. The same applies to the following.
따라서, 여분압축기(122) 또는 여분냉각기(132)가 고장나는 경우에도, 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장나는 경우와 마찬가지로, 재액화 효율 및 재액화량을 높이는 것을 포기하고, 제3 밸브(193) 및 제4 밸브(194)를 닫아, 압축기(120) 및 냉각기(130)를 통과한 증발가스만으로 시스템을 운용한다.Therefore, even when the extra compressor 122 or the extra cooler 132 fails, similarly to the case where the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 fails, the re-liquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction are increased, and the third The valve 193 and the fourth valve 194 are closed to operate the system with only the boil-off gas passed through the compressor 120 and the cooler 130.
한편, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출되는 증발가스의 대부분 또는 전부가 연료수요처(180)의 연료로 사용될 수 있을 정도의 빠른 속도로 선박이 운항되는 경우에는, 재액화할 증발가스의 양이 매우 적거나 없게 된다. 따라서, 선박이 빠른 속도로 운항되는 경우에는 압축기(120) 또는 여분압축기(122) 중 어느 하나만 구동시킬 수도 있다.On the other hand, when the ship is operated at a speed such that most or all of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T can be used as fuel for the fuel demand unit 180, the amount of the boil-off gas to be reliquefied is very small. With or without. Therefore, when the vessel is operating at high speed, only one of the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122 may be driven.
압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122)는 연료수요처(180)가 요구하는 압력으로 증발가스를 압축시킬 수 있는데, 연료수요처(180)는 증발가스를 연료로 구동되는 엔진, 발전기 등일 수 있다. 일례로 연료수요처(180)가 선박 추진용 엔진인 경우, 압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122)는, 증발가스를 대략 10 내지 100 bar의 압력으로 압축시킬 수 있다.The compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may compress the boil-off gas to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180, the fuel demand 180 may be an engine, a generator, or the like driven by the fuel. For example, when the fuel demand unit 180 is a marine propulsion engine, the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may compress the boil-off gas to a pressure of approximately 10 to 100 bar.
또한, 압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122)는, 연료수요처(180)가 ME-GI 엔진인 경우, 증발가스를 대략 150bar 내지 400bar의 압력으로 압축시킬 수 있고, 연료수요처(180)가 DFDE인 경우, 증발가스를 대략 6.5bar의 압력으로 압축시킬 수 있으며, 연료수요처(180)가 X-DF 엔진인 경우, 증발가스를 대략 16bar의 압력으로 압축시킬 수 있다.In addition, the compressor 120 and the extra compressor 122 may compress the boil-off gas to a pressure of approximately 150 bar to 400 bar when the fuel demand 180 is a ME-GI engine, and the fuel demand 180 is DFDE. In this case, the boil-off gas may be compressed to a pressure of approximately 6.5 bar, and when the fuel demand unit 180 is an X-DF engine, the boil-off gas may be compressed to a pressure of approximately 16 bar.
연료수요처(180)는 여러 종류의 엔진을 포함할 수도 있는데, 일례로 연료수요처(180)가 X-DF 엔진 및 DFDE을 포함하는 경우, 압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122)는 X-DF 엔진이 요구하는 압력까지 증발가스를 압축시키고, DFDE의 상류에는 감압장치를 설치하여, X-DF 엔진이 요구하는 압력까지 압축된 증발가스의 일부를 DFDE가 요구하는 압력까지 낮춘 후에 DFDE로 공급할 수도 있다.The fuel demand unit 180 may include various types of engines. For example, when the fuel demand unit 180 includes an X-DF engine and a DFDE, the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may include an X-DF engine. It is possible to compress the boil-off gas to the required pressure and install a decompression device upstream of the DFDE to lower the part of the boil-off boiled gas up to the pressure required by the X-DF engine to the pressure required by the DFDE before supplying it to the DFDE. .
그 밖에도, 증발가스 열교환기(110) 및 냉매열교환기(140)에서의 재액화 효율 및 재액화량을 높이기 위하여, 압축기(120) 또는 여분압축기(122)에 의해, 증발가스의 압력이 연료수요처(180)가 요구하는 압력을 초과하도록 증발가스를 압축시키고, 연료수요처(180) 상류에는 감압장치를 설치하여, 연료수요처(180)가 요구하는 압력을 초과하도록 압축된 증발가스의 압력을 연료수요처(180)가 요구하는 압력까지 낮춘 후에 연료수요처(180)로 공급할 수도 있다.In addition, in order to increase the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the pressure of the boil-off gas is reduced by the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122. Compresses the boil-off gas so as to exceed the pressure required by the 180, and installs a decompression device upstream of the fuel demand 180, the pressure of the boil-off gas compressed to exceed the pressure required by the fuel demand 180, the fuel demand After the pressure is lowered to 180, the fuel may be supplied to the fuel demand 180.
한편, 압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122)는 각각 다단압축기일 수 있다. 도 4에는 하나의 압축기(120 또는 122)에 의해 증발가스를 연료수요처(180)에서 요구하는 압력까지 압축하는 것으로 도시되어 있으나, 압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122)가 다단압축기인 경우, 증발가스는 복수개의 압축실린더에 의해 연료수요처(180)에서 요구하는 압력까지 여러 번 압축될 수 있다.Meanwhile, the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may each be a multistage compressor. In FIG. 4, one compressor 120 or 122 is used to compress the boil-off gas to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180, but when the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 are a multistage compressor, evaporation is performed. The gas may be compressed several times by the plurality of compression cylinders up to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180.
압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122)가 다단압축기일 경우, 압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122) 내부에는 복수개의 압축실린더가 직렬로 설치될 수 있고, 복수개의 압축실린더 하류에는 복수개의 냉각기가 각각 설치될 수 있다.When the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 are multi-stage compressors, a plurality of compression cylinders may be installed in series in the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122, and a plurality of coolers may be disposed downstream of the plurality of compression cylinders. Each can be installed.
본 실시예의 냉각기(130)는, 압축기(120) 하류에 설치되어, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축되어 압력뿐만 아니라 온도도 올라간 증발가스를 냉각시키고, 본 실시예의 여분냉각기(132)는, 여분압축기(122) 하류에 설치되어, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축되어 압력뿐만 아니라 온도도 올라간 증발가스를 냉각시킨다. 냉각기(130) 및 여분냉각기(132)는 외부로부터 유입된 해수, 청수 또는 공기와의 열교환을 통해 증발가스를 냉각시킬 수 있다.The cooler 130 of the present embodiment is installed downstream of the compressor 120 to cool the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 and rises not only in pressure but also in temperature, and the spare cooler 132 of the present embodiment has a spare compressor. (122) It is provided downstream to cool the boil-off gas which is compressed by the extra compressor 122 to raise not only the pressure but also the temperature. The cooler 130 and the extra cooler 132 may cool the boil-off gas through heat exchange with seawater, fresh water or air introduced from the outside.
본 실시예의 냉매열교환기(140)는, 증발가스 열교환기(110)에 의해 냉각된 후 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스를 추가적으로 냉각시키고, 본 실시예의 냉매감압장치(160)는, 냉매열교환기(140)를 통과한 증발가스를 팽창시킨 후 다시 냉매열교환기(140)로 보낸다.The refrigerant heat exchanger 140 of the present embodiment further cools the boil-off gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3 after being cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant of the present embodiment. The pressure reducing device 160 expands the boil-off gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 and sends the same to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again.
즉, 냉매열교환기(140)는, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급되는 증발가스를, 냉매감압장치(160)에 의해 팽창된 증발가스를 냉매로 열교환시켜, 추가적으로 냉각시킨다.That is, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 expands the evaporated gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3 after passing through the evaporation gas heat exchanger 110 by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160. The evaporated gas is heat-exchanged with a refrigerant and further cooled.
본 실시예의 냉매감압장치(160)는 유체의 압력을 낮추기 위한 다양한 수단일 수 있고, 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과하기 직전의 유체의 상태 및 통과한 직후의 유체의 상태는 시스템의 운용 조건에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 단, 냉매감압장치(160)가 팽창기인 경우, 냉매감압장치(160)의 물리적 손상을 방지하기 위하여, 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과하기 직전의 유체 및 통과한 직후의 유체는 기체상으로 유지되는 것이 바람직하다. 이하, 동일하다.The refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 of the present embodiment may be various means for lowering the pressure of the fluid, and the state of the fluid immediately before passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and the state of the fluid immediately after the passage are dependent on the operating conditions of the system. It may vary. However, when the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is an expander, in order to prevent physical damage of the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the fluid immediately before passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and the fluid immediately after passing are maintained in the gas phase. It is preferable to be. The same applies to the following.
냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 후 냉매열교환기(140)에서 열교환의 냉매로 사용되는 증발가스는, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 합류된 후, 합류된 증발가스의 일부가 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급되어, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 증발가스를 냉매로 열교환되어 냉각된 후 냉매감압장치(160)로 공급된 것이다.After passing through the refrigerant decompression device 160, the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant for heat exchange in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may include boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 and boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122. After joining, a part of the combined evaporated gas is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5 to heat exchange the evaporated gas passed through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 with the refrigerant. After cooling, the refrigerant is supplied to the pressure reducing device 160.
또한, 제1 공급라인(L1)으로부터 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급되는 증발가스는, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 1차로 냉각되고 냉매감압장치(160)에 의해 추가적으로 냉각된 후 다시 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내져 냉매로 사용되는 것이다.In addition, the boil-off gas supplied from the first supply line (L1) to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recycle line (L5) is first cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger (140) and further added by the refrigerant pressure reducing device (160). After cooling, it is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 to be used as a refrigerant.
즉, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 합류된 후 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급되는 흐름;과, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급되는 증발가스;는 둘 다, 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 증발가스를 냉매로 하여, 열교환되어 냉각된다.That is, the flow of the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 is combined with the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and then supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5. After passing through the heat exchanger 110, the evaporated gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line (L3); both are heat exchanged by using the evaporated gas passed through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 as a refrigerant Is cooled.
본 실시예의 제1 감압장치(150)는, 복귀라인(L3) 상에 설치되어, 증발가스 열교환기(110) 및 냉매열교환기(140)에 의해 냉각된 증발가스를 팽창시킨다. 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스는, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 합류된 후 일부 분기하여, 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110), 냉매열교환기(140) 및 제1 감압장치(150)를 통과하며 일부 또는 전부가 재액화된다.The first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment is installed on the return line L3 to expand the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the coolant heat exchanger 140. The boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 joins the boil-off gas compressed by the spare compressor 122, and then partially branches, and the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger along the return line L3. 140 and the first decompression device 150 are partially or all reliquefied.
제1 감압장치(150)는, 증발가스를 팽창시켜 냉각시킬 수 있는 모든 수단을 포함하며, 줄-톰슨(Joule-Thomson) 밸브 등의 팽창밸브, 또는 팽창기일 수 있다.The first pressure reducing device 150 includes all means capable of expanding and cooling the boil-off gas and may be an expansion valve such as a Joule-Thomson valve or an expander.
본 실시예의 선박은, 제1 감압장치(150) 하류의 복귀라인(L3) 상에 설치되며 제1 감압장치(150)으로부터 배출되는 기액 혼합물을 기체와 액체로 분리하는, 기액분리기(170)를 포함할 수 있다.The vessel of the present embodiment, the gas-liquid separator 170 is installed on the return line (L3) downstream of the first decompression device 150 and separates the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the first decompression device 150 into a gas and a liquid. It may include.
본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하지 않는 경우, 제1 감압장치(150)를 통과한 액체 또는 기액혼합 상태의 증발가스는 바로 저장탱크(T)로 보내진다.When the vessel of the present embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, the liquid or gaseous gas in the gas-liquid mixed state passing through the first decompression device 150 is directly sent to the storage tank (T).
본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하는 경우, 제1 감압장치(150)를 통과한 증발가스는 기액분리기(170)로 보내져, 기체상과 액체상이 분리된다. 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 액체는 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 저장탱크(T)로 복귀하고, 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 기체는, 기액분리기(170)로부터 증발가스 열교환기(110) 상류의 제1 공급라인(L1)까지 연장되는 기체배출라인(L4)을 따라, 증발가스 열교환기(110)으로 공급된다.When the vessel of the present embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170, the boil-off gas passing through the first decompression device 150 is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170 to separate the gas phase and the liquid phase. The liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is returned to the storage tank T along the return line L3, and the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is separated from the gas-liquid separator 170 by the evaporative gas heat exchanger ( 110 is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the gas discharge line L4 extending upstream of the first supply line L1.
본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하는 경우, 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리되어 저장탱크(T)로 보내지는 액체의 유량을 조절하는 제7 밸브(197); 및 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리되어 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내지는 기체의 유량을 조절하는 제8 밸브(198);를 더 포함할 수 있다.When the vessel of the present embodiment includes a gas-liquid separator 170, the seventh valve (197) for controlling the flow rate of the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the storage tank (T); And an eighth valve 198 that controls the flow rate of the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
본 실시예의 제1 내지 제8 밸브, 및 제11 밸브는(191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 203)는, 시스템 운용 상황을 사람이 직접 판단하여 수동으로 조절될 수도 있고, 미리 설정된 값에 의해 개폐되도록 자동으로 조절될 수도 있다.The first to eighth valves and the eleventh valves of the present exemplary embodiment 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, and 203 may be manually adjusted by a person directly determining a system operating situation. It may be automatically adjusted to open and close by a preset value.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 증발가스 재액화를 위한 장치의 작용을 용이하게 설명하기 위해 증발가스의 주요 흐름을 정의한다. 저장탱크(T)에서 발생하는 증발가스와 기액분리기(170)에서 배출되는 기체가 증발가스 열교환기(110)으로 공급되는 흐름을 제1 흐름(100), 증발가스 열교환기(110)에서 압축기(120) 또는 여분압축기(122)로 공급된 후에 압축기(120) 또는 여분압축기(122)로부터 배출되어 연료수요처(180)로 공급되는 흐름을 제2 흐름(102), 압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122) 하류에서 제2 흐름(102)으로부터 분기하여 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급되는 흐름을 제3 흐름(104), 압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122) 하류에서 제2 흐름(102)으로부터 분기하여 증발가스 열교환기(110)으로 공급되는 흐름을 제4 흐름(106), 증발가스 열교환기(110)으로부터 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급되는 흐름을 제5 흐름(108)으로 정의한다. 제1 흐름(100)은 증발가스 열교환기(110)을 통과하면서 제2 흐름(102)이 되고, 제4 흐름(106)은 증발가스 열교환기(110)을 통과하면서 제5 흐름(108)이 된다.The main flow of the boil-off gas is defined to easily explain the operation of the apparatus for boil-off gas reliquefaction according to an embodiment of the present invention. The evaporation gas generated in the storage tank T and the gas discharged from the gas-liquid separator 170 are supplied to the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110 in the first flow 100 and the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110 in the compressor ( 120 is supplied to the spare compressor 122 and then discharged from the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122 and supplied to the fuel demand 180, the second flow 102, the compressor 120 and the spare compressor ( 122) flow downstream from the second stream 102 and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 from the second stream 102 downstream from the third stream 104, the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122; The flow branched to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is defined as the fourth flow 106 and the flow supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 from the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 as the fifth flow 108. The first flow 100 passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and becomes the second flow 102, and the fourth flow 106 passes through the boil-off heat exchanger 110 and the fifth flow 108 passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110. do.
이하, 도 4를 참조하여 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 증발가스 재액화를 위한 장치의 작용을 설명한다. (천연가스가 적합하다는 것, X-DF에 적합하다는 것, X-DF 및 천연가스인 경우 온도와 압력, (ME-GI+천연가스), (DF+천연가스), (X-DF+에탄)인 경우 중요 지점에서의 온도와 압력)Hereinafter, with reference to Figure 4 describes the operation of the apparatus for re-liquefaction of the boil-off gas according to an embodiment of the present invention. (Natural gas is suitable, X-DF is suitable, X-DF and natural gas temperature and pressure, (ME-GI + natural gas), (DF + natural gas), (X-DF + ethane) Temperature and pressure at critical points)
액체 상태의 액화가스를 저장하는 저장탱크(T)에서 생성되는 기체상태의 증발가스는 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 공급된다. 이때, 저장탱크(T)에서 생성되는 기체 상태의 증발가스는, 시스템 작동 후 일정 시간이 경과한 후 기액분리기(170)에서 배출되는 기체 상태의 증발가스와 만나 제1 흐름(100)을 형성하게 된다. 궁극적으로 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 공급되는 증발가스는 제1 흐름(100)이다.The gaseous boil-off gas generated in the storage tank T storing the liquid liquefied gas is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110. At this time, the gaseous evaporated gas generated in the storage tank (T) meets the gaseous evaporated gas discharged from the gas-liquid separator 170 after a predetermined time after the system operation to form the first flow (100). do. Ultimately, the boil-off gas supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is the first flow 100.
증발가스 열교환기(110)는 제1 흐름(100)이 가지고 있는 냉열을 회수하여 다른 증발가스를 냉각시키는 역할을 한다. 즉, 증발가스 열교환기(110)는, 제1 흐름(100)이 갖고 있는 냉열을 회수하여, 제2 흐름(102) 중 증발가스 열교환기(110)으로 다시 공급되는 흐름, 즉, 제4 흐름(106)에 회수한 냉열을 전달한다.The boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 recovers the cold heat of the first flow 100 to cool other boil-off gas. That is, the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 recovers the cold heat of the first flow 100 and is supplied back to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 in the second flow 102, that is, the fourth flow. The recovered cold heat is transferred to 106.
따라서, 증발가스 열교환기(110)에서는 제1 흐름(100)과 제4 흐름(106) 간의 열교환이 일어나게 되어, 제1 흐름(100)은 가열되고 제4 흐름(106)은 냉각된다. 가열된 제1 흐름(100)은 제2 흐름(102)이 되고, 냉각된 제4 흐름(106)은 제5 흐름(108)이 된다.Accordingly, in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, heat exchange occurs between the first flow 100 and the fourth flow 106, so that the first flow 100 is heated and the fourth flow 106 is cooled. The heated first flow 100 becomes the second flow 102 and the cooled fourth flow 106 becomes the fifth flow 108.
증발가스 열교환기(110)에서 배출되는 제2 흐름(102)은, 압축기(120) 또는 여분압축기(122)로 공급되어, 압축기(120) 또는 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된다.The second stream 102 discharged from the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is supplied to the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122, and compressed by the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122.
압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 여분압축기(122)에서 압축된 증발가스가 합류된 제2 흐름(102)은, 일부는 제3 흐름(104)으로서 냉매열교환기(140)에 냉매로 공급되고, 다른 일부는 제4 흐름(106)으로서 증발가스 열교환기(110)에 공급되어 냉각되고, 나머지 일부는 연료수요처(180)에 공급된다.The second stream 102, in which the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the boil-off gas compressed in the spare compressor 122, is combined, is part of the third flow 104 as a refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. The other part is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 as a fourth flow 106 and cooled, and the other part is supplied to the fuel demand 180.
냉매열교환기(140)로 공급되는 제3 흐름(104)은, 냉매열교환기(140)로부터 배출되고 냉매감압장치(160)에서 팽창된 후 다시 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된다. 이 때, 1차로 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 제3 흐름(104)은, 냉매감압장치(160)에서 팽창된 후, 다시 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급되는 제3 흐름(104)과 열교환되어 냉각된다. 냉매감압장치(160) 및 냉매열교환기(140)를 통과한 제3 흐름(104)은, 증발가스 열교환기(110)로부터 배출되는 제2 흐름(102)과 합류하여, 압축기(120) 또는 여분압축기(122)로 공급된다.The third flow 104 supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is discharged from the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, expanded in the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and then supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again. At this time, the third flow 104, which is primarily supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, is expanded by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and then the third flow 104 is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again. Heat exchange to cool. The third stream 104, which has passed through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, joins the second stream 102 discharged from the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, thereby providing a compressor 120 or a spare. It is supplied to the compressor 122.
증발가스 열교환기(110)에서 제1 흐름(100)과 열교환하여 냉각된 제4 흐름(106)은, 제5 흐름(108)이 되어 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된다. 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 제5 흐름(108)은, 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 제3 흐름(104)과 열교환되어 냉각된 후, 제1 감압장치(150)을 통과하며 팽창된다. 제1 감압장치(150)을 통과한 제5 흐름(108)은 기체와 액체가 혼합된, 기액 혼합물 상태가 된다.The fourth stream 106 cooled by heat-exchanging with the first stream 100 in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 becomes the fifth stream 108 and is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. The fifth flow 108 supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is cooled by heat exchange with the third flow 104 passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and then expands while passing through the first pressure reducing device 150. do. The fifth flow 108 through the first pressure reducing device 150 is in a gas-liquid mixture, in which gas and liquid are mixed.
기액 혼합물 상태의 제5 흐름(108)은, 바로 저장탱크(T)로 보내지거나, 기액분리기(170)를 통과하면서 기체와 액체로 분리된다. 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 액체는 저장탱크(T)로 공급되며, 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 기체는 다시 증발가스 열교환기(110)으로 공급되어 상기 과정들을 반복하게 된다.The fifth stream 108 in the gas-liquid mixture is directly sent to the storage tank T or separated into gas and liquid while passing through the gas-liquid separator 170. The liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is supplied to the storage tank T, and the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 to repeat the above processes.
도 5는 본 발명의 제4 실시예에 따른 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템을 개략적으로 나타낸 구성도이다.5 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
도 5에 도시된 제4 실시예의 선박은, 도 4에 도시된 제3 실시예의 선박에 비해, 제9 밸브(201), 제10 밸브(202) 및 제1 추가라인(L6)을 더 포함하고, 증발가스가 흐르는 일부 라인을 수정하여, 제1 실시예 및 제2 실시예와 같이 냉매 사이클을 폐루프로 운용할 수도 있고, 제3 실시예와 같이 냉매 사이클을 개루프로 운용할 수도 있도록 구성하였다는 점에서 차이점이 존재하며, 이하에서는 차이점을 위주로 설명한다. 전술한 제3 실시예의 선박과 동일한 부재에 대하여는 자세한 설명은 생략한다.The ship of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 5 further includes a ninth valve 201, a tenth valve 202 and a first additional line L6 as compared to the ship of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4. By modifying some lines through which the boil-off gas flows, the refrigerant cycle may be operated as a closed loop as in the first and second embodiments, and the refrigerant cycle may be operated as an open loop as in the third embodiment. Differences exist in that they will be described below. Detailed descriptions of the same members as those of the ship of the third embodiment are omitted.
도 5를 참조하면, 본 실시예의 선박은, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 증발가스 열교환기(110), 제1 밸브(191), 압축기(120), 냉각기(130), 제2 밸브(192), 제3 밸브(193), 여분압축기(122), 여분냉각기(132), 제4 밸브(194), 냉매열교환기(140), 냉매감압장치(160), 및 제1 감압장치(150)를 포함한다.Referring to FIG. 5, the vessel of the present embodiment, like the third embodiment, has a boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, a first valve 191, a compressor 120, a cooler 130, and a second valve 192. , The third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, the spare cooler 132, the fourth valve 194, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and the first pressure reducing device 150. Include.
본 실시예의 저장탱크(T)는, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 내부에 액화천연가스, 액화에탄가스 등의 액화가스를 저장하며, 내부 압력이 일정 압력 이상이 되면 증발가스를 외부로 배출시킨다. 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출되는 증발가스는 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진다.As in the third embodiment, the storage tank T of the present embodiment stores the liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas and liquefied ethane gas inside, and discharges the boil-off gas to the outside when the internal pressure is higher than the predetermined pressure. The boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
본 실시예의 증발가스 열교환기(110)는, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스를 냉매로 사용하여, 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진 증발가스를 냉각시킨다. 즉, 증발가스 열교환기(110)는, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스의 냉열을 회수하여, 회수한 냉열을 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진 증발가스에 공급한다. 복귀라인(L3) 상에는 증발가스의 유량 및 개폐를 조절하는 제5 밸브(195)가 설치될 수 있다.As in the third embodiment, the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 of the present embodiment uses the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T as a refrigerant and goes to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3. Cool the sent boil-off gas. That is, the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 recovers the cold heat of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and transfers the collected cold heat to the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3. Supply. A fifth valve 195 may be installed on the return line L3 to control the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas.
본 실시예의 압축기(120)는, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 제1 공급라인(L1) 상에 설치되어 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스를 압축시키고, 본 실시예의 여분압축기(122)는, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 제2 공급라인(L2) 상에 압축기(120)와 병렬로 설치되어 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스를 압축시킨다. 압축기(120)와 여분압축기(122)는, 동일한 성능의 압축기일 수 있고, 각각 다단압축기일 수 있다.The compressor 120 of the present embodiment, like the third embodiment, is installed on the first supply line L1 to compress the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T, and the extra compressor 122 of the present embodiment , Like the third embodiment, is installed in parallel with the compressor 120 on the second supply line (L2) to compress the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank (T). Compressor 120 and spare compressor 122 may be a compressor of the same performance, each may be a multi-stage compressor.
본 실시예의 압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122)는, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 연료수요처(180)가 요구하는 압력으로 증발가스를 압축시킬 수 있다. 또한, 연료수요처(180)가 여러 종류의 엔진을 포함하는 경우에는, 더 높은 압력을 요구하는 엔진(이하, '고압 엔진'이라고 함.)의 요구 압력에 맞추어 증발가스를 압축한 후 일부는 고압 엔진으로 공급하고, 다른 일부는 더 낮은 압력을 요구하는 엔진(이하, '저압 엔진'이라고 함.) 상류에 설치된 감압장치에 의해 감압시킨 후 저압 엔진으로 공급할 수 있다. 그 밖에도, 증발가스 열교환기(110) 및 냉매열교환기(140)에서의 재액화 효율 및 재액화량을 높이기 위하여, 증발가스를 압축기(120) 또는 여분압축기(122)에 의해 연료수요처(180)가 요구하는 압력 이상의 고압으로 압축시키고, 연료수요처(180) 상류에는 감압장치를 설치하여, 고압으로 압축된 증발가스의 압력을 연료수요처(180)가 요구하는 압력까지 낮춘 후에 연료수요처(180)로 공급할 수도 있다.The compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 of this embodiment can compress the boil-off gas to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180 as in the third embodiment. In addition, when the fuel demand unit 180 includes several types of engines, some of the high pressures are compressed after compressing the boil-off gas in accordance with a required pressure of an engine requiring higher pressure (hereinafter, referred to as a 'high pressure engine'). It can be supplied to the engine, and the other part can be supplied to the low pressure engine after being depressurized by a pressure reducing device installed upstream of the engine requiring a lower pressure (hereinafter referred to as a 'low pressure engine'). In addition, in order to increase the re-liquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the boil-off gas is supplied to the fuel demand unit 180 by the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122. Pressure to a pressure higher than the pressure required, and a pressure reducing device is installed upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 to lower the pressure of the boil-off gas compressed to high pressure to the pressure required by the fuel demand unit 180, and then to the fuel demand unit 180. You can also supply.
본 실시예의 선박은, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 연료수요처(180) 상류에 설치되어, 연료수요처(180)로 보내지는 증발가스의 유량 및 개폐를 조절하는 제11 밸브(203)를 더 포함할 수 있다.The vessel of this embodiment, like the third embodiment, further includes an eleventh valve 203 which is provided upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 and regulates the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas sent to the fuel demand unit 180. Can be.
본 실시예의 선박은, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를 냉매열교환기(140)에서 증발가스를 추가적으로 냉각시키는 냉매로 사용하므로, 재액화 효율 및 재액화량을 높일 수 있다.The vessel of this embodiment, like the third embodiment, uses the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 as a refrigerant for additionally cooling the evaporated gas in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, so that the reliquefaction efficiency and reliquefaction amount Can increase.
본 실시예의 냉각기(130)는, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 압축기(120) 하류에 설치되어, 압축기(120)를 통과하며 압력뿐만 아니라 온도도 올라간 증발가스를 냉각시키며, 본 실시예의 여분냉각기(132)는, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 여분압축기(122) 하류에 설치되어, 여분압축기(122)를 통과하며 압력뿐만 아니라 온도도 올라간 증발가스를 냉각시킨다.The cooler 130 of the present embodiment, like the third embodiment, is installed downstream of the compressor 120 to cool the evaporated gas passing through the compressor 120 and the temperature as well as the pressure, and the extra cooler of the present embodiment ( 132, like the third embodiment, is installed downstream of the extra compressor 122 to cool the evaporated gas that has passed through the extra compressor 122 and has risen in temperature as well as pressure.
본 실시예의 냉매열교환기(140)는, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 공급되어, 증발가스 열교환기(110)에 의해 냉각된 증발가스를 추가적으로 냉각시킨다. Refrigerant heat exchanger 140 of the present embodiment, like the third embodiment, is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3), and the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) Cool additionally.
본 실시예에 의하면, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스가 증발가스 열교환기(110)뿐만 아니라 냉매열교환기(140)에서도 추가적으로 냉각되어, 더 온도가 낮은 상태로 제1 감압장치(150)로 공급될 수 있으므로, 재액화 효율 및 재액화량이 높아지게 된다.According to this embodiment, as in the third embodiment, the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T is further cooled not only in the evaporation gas heat exchanger 110 but also in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, so that the temperature is lower. Since it can be supplied to the first decompression device 150, the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction are increased.
본 실시예의 냉매감압장치(160)는, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 냉매열교환기(140)를 통과한 증발가스를 팽창시킨 후 다시 냉매열교환기(140)로 보낸다.The refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 according to the present embodiment expands the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 and sends it to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 in the same manner as in the third embodiment.
본 실시예의 제1 감압장치(150)는, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 복귀라인(L3) 상에 설치되어, 증발가스 열교환기(110) 및 냉매열교환기(140)에 의해 냉각된 증발가스를 팽창시킨다. 본 실시예의 제1 감압장치(150)는, 증발가스를 팽창시켜 냉각시킬 수 있는 모든 수단을 포함하며, 줄-톰슨(Joule-Thomson) 밸브 등의 팽창밸브, 또는 팽창기일 수 있다.The first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment, like the third embodiment, is installed on the return line L3 to supply the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. Inflate. The first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment includes all means capable of expanding and cooling the boil-off gas, and may be an expansion valve such as a Joule-Thomson valve or an expander.
본 실시예의 선박은, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 제1 감압장치(150) 하류의 복귀라인(L3) 상에 설치되며 제1 감압장치(150)으로부터 배출되는 기액 혼합물을 기체와 액체로 분리하는, 기액분리기(170)를 포함할 수 있다.The vessel of the present embodiment, like the third embodiment, is installed on the return line L3 downstream of the first pressure reducing device 150 and separates the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the first pressure reducing device 150 into gas and liquid. , Gas-liquid separator 170 may be included.
제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하지 않는 경우에는 제1 감압장치(150)를 통과한 액체 또는 기액혼합 상태의 증발가스는 바로 저장탱크(T)로 보내지고, 본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하는 경우에는 제1 감압장치(150)를 통과한 증발가스는 기액분리기(170)로 보내져, 기체상과 액체상이 분리된다. 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 액체는 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 저장탱크(T)로 복귀하고, 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 기체는, 기액분리기(170)로부터 증발가스 열교환기(110) 상류의 제1 공급라인(L1)까지 연장되는 기체배출라인(L4)을 따라, 증발가스 열교환기(110)으로 공급된다.As in the third embodiment, when the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, the liquid or gaseous-mixed evaporated gas that has passed through the first decompression device 150 is directly sent to the storage tank T. When the vessel of the present embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170, the boil-off gas passing through the first pressure reducing device 150 is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170 to separate the gas phase and the liquid phase. The liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is returned to the storage tank T along the return line L3, and the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is separated from the gas-liquid separator 170 by the evaporative gas heat exchanger ( 110 is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the gas discharge line L4 extending upstream of the first supply line L1.
본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하는 경우, 제3 실시예와 마찬가지로, 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리되어 저장탱크(T)로 보내지는 액체의 유량을 조절하는 제7 밸브(197); 및 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리되어 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내지는 기체의 유량을 조절하는 제8 밸브(198);를 더 포함할 수 있다.When the vessel of the present embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170, like the third embodiment, the seventh valve (197) for controlling the flow rate of the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the storage tank (T) ); And an eighth valve 198 that controls the flow rate of the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
단, 본 실시예의 선박은, 제3 실시예와는 달리, 재순환라인(L5)과 제2 공급라인(L2) 사이를 연결하는 제1 추가라인(L6); 재순환라인(L5) 상에 설치되는 제9 밸브(201); 및 제1 추가라인(L6) 상에 설치되는 제10 밸브(202);를 더 포함한다. 또한, 본 실시예의 선박은, 제6 밸브를 선택적으로 포함하는 제3 실시예와는 달리, 제1 공급라인(L1)으로부터 분기된 증발가스가 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내지는 재순환라인(L5) 상에 설치되어, 증발가스의 유량 및 개폐를 조절하는 제6 밸브(196)를 필수적으로 포함한다.However, the ship of this embodiment, unlike the third embodiment, the first additional line (L6) for connecting between the recirculation line (L5) and the second supply line (L2); A ninth valve 201 installed on the recirculation line L5; And a tenth valve 202 installed on the first additional line L6. In addition, the ship of the present embodiment, unlike the third embodiment, which selectively includes the sixth valve, the recirculation line (L5) through which the boil-off gas branched from the first supply line (L1) is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger (140). And a sixth valve 196 that controls the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas.
본 실시예의 제1 추가라인(L6)의 일측은, 냉매감압장치(160)에 의해 팽창된 후 냉매열교환기(140)를 통과한 증발가스를 제1 공급라인(L1)으로 보내는, 재순환라인(L5) 상에 연결되고, 타측은, 제3 밸브(193)와 여분압축기(122) 사이의 제2 공급라인(L2) 상에 연결된다.One side of the first additional line (L6) of the present embodiment, after the expansion by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and sends the evaporated gas passed through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 to the first supply line (L1), recirculation line ( It is connected on the L5, the other side is connected on the second supply line (L2) between the third valve (193) and the spare compressor (122).
본 실시예의 제9 밸브(201)는, 재순환라인(L5)이 압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122) 상류의 제1 공급라인(L1)과 만나는 지점과, 재순환라인(L5)이 제1 추가라인(L6)과 만나는 지점 사이의, 재순환라인(L5) 상에 설치된다.The ninth valve 201 of the present embodiment has a point where the recirculation line L5 meets the first supply line L1 upstream of the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122, and the recirculation line L5 is first added. Between the point where it meets the line L6, it is installed on the recirculation line L5.
또한, 본 실시예의 선박은, 제3 실시예와는 달리, 여분압축기(122) 하류 쪽 제2 공급라인(L2)이 제1 공급라인(L1)이 아닌 재순환라인(L5)과 연결된다.In addition, unlike the third embodiment, the ship of the present embodiment, the second compressor line (L2) downstream of the extra compressor 122 is connected to the recirculation line (L5) rather than the first supply line (L1).
본 실시예의 제1 내지 제11 밸브(191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 201, 202, 203)는, 시스템 운용 상황을 사람이 직접 판단하여 수동으로 조절될 수도 있고, 미리 설정된 값에 의해 개폐되도록 자동으로 조절될 수도 있다.The first to eleventh valves 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 201, 202, and 203 of the present embodiment may be manually adjusted by a person directly determining a system operating situation. It may be automatically adjusted to open and close by a preset value.
본 실시예의 선박의 제3 실시예와 차별되는 특징은, 냉매 사이클을 개루프뿐만 아니라 폐루프로도 운용할 수 있도록 하여, 선박의 운항 조건에 따라 재액화 시스템을 더 유연하게 사용하기 위함이며, 이하, 밸브 조절을 통해, 냉매 사이클을 폐루프로 운용하는 방법 및 개루프로 운용하는 방법을 설명한다.A feature that is different from the third embodiment of the ship of this embodiment is that the refrigerant cycle can be operated not only in the open loop but also in the closed loop, so that the reliquefaction system can be used more flexibly according to the operating conditions of the ship. Hereinafter, the method of operating the refrigerant cycle in the closed loop and the method of operating in the open loop through the valve adjustment will be described.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클을 폐루프로 운용하기 위해서, 일단, 제1 밸브(191), 제2 밸브(192), 제3 밸브(193), 제4 밸브(194), 및 제10 밸브(202)는 열고, 제6 밸브(196) 및 제9 밸브(201)는 닫은 상태에서 시스템을 구동시킨다.In order to operate the refrigerant cycle of the ship of this embodiment as a closed loop, once, the first valve 191, the second valve 192, the third valve 193, the fourth valve 194, and the tenth valve ( 202 opens, and the sixth valve 196 and the ninth valve 201 drive the system in a closed state.
저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 후 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 재순환라인(L5)으로 공급되면, 제3 밸브(193)를 닫아, 증발가스가 여분압축기(122), 여분냉각기(132), 제4 밸브(194), 냉매열교환기(140), 냉매감압장치(160), 다시 냉매열교환기(140), 및 제10 밸브(202)를 순환하는, 폐루프의 냉매 사이클을 형성시킨다.When the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 after being discharged from the storage tank T is supplied to the recirculation line L5, the third valve 193 is closed to supply the boil-off gas to the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler. 132, the fourth valve 194, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the tenth valve 202. To form.
냉매 사이클을 폐루프로 구성하는 경우에는, 질소가스를 폐루프를 순환하는 냉매로 사용할 수도 있다. 이 경우, 본 실시예의 저장탱크를 포함하는 저장탱크는, 질소가스를 폐루프의 냉매 사이클 내로 도입시키는 배관을 더 포함할 수 있다.When the refrigerant cycle is configured as a closed loop, nitrogen gas may be used as the refrigerant circulating in the closed loop. In this case, the storage tank including the storage tank of the present embodiment may further include a pipe for introducing nitrogen gas into the refrigerant cycle of the closed loop.
냉매 사이클이 폐루프로 운용되는 경우, 폐루프를 순환하는 증발가스만이 냉매열교환기(140)에서의 냉매로 사용되며, 압축기(120)를 통과한 증발가스는 냉매 사이클로 도입되지 못하고 연료수요처(180)로 공급되거나, 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 재액화 과정을 거치게 된다. 따라서, 재액화량이나, 연료수요처(180)에서 요구하는 증발가스량에 무관하게 일정한 유량의 증발가스가 냉매열교환기(140)의 냉매로 순환된다.When the refrigerant cycle is operated as a closed loop, only the boil-off gas circulating in the closed loop is used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the boil-off gas passing through the compressor 120 is not introduced into the refrigerant cycle and the fuel demand ( 180 or the reliquefaction process is performed along the return line (L3). Therefore, regardless of the amount of reliquefaction and the amount of boil-off gas required by the fuel demand unit 180, the boil-off gas of a constant flow rate is circulated to the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 폐루프로 운용되는 경우의 증발가스의 흐름을 설명하면 다음과 같다.Referring to the flow of the boil-off gas when the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated in a closed loop as follows.
저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스는 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 압축기(120)에 의해 압축되고 냉각기(130)에 의해 냉각된 후 일부는 연료수요처(180)로 보내지고, 나머지 일부는 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진다. 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진 증발가스는, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스와 열교환되어 냉각된 후, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 열교환되어 추가적으로 냉각된다.After the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank (T) passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) and is compressed by the compressor (120) and cooled by the cooler (130), a part is sent to the fuel demand (180), The other part is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3). The boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 is heat-exchanged with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and then cooled, and further cooled by heat-exchange in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
증발가스 열교환기(110) 및 냉매열교환기(140)에 의해 냉각된 증발가스는 제1 감압장치(150)에 의해 팽창되어 일부 또는 전부가 재액화된다. 본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하지 않는 경우에는, 일부 또는 전부 재액화된 증발가스는 바로 저장탱크(T)로 보내지고, 본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하는 경우에는, 일부 또는 전부 재액화된 증발가스는 기액분리기(170)로 보내진다. 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 기체는, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출되는 증발가스와 합류되어 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내지고, 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 액체는 저장탱크(T)로 보내진다.The boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is expanded by the first pressure reducing device 150 to re-liquefy some or all of the boil-off gas. When the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170. The gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
한편, 냉매 사이클을 순환하는 증발가스는, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축되고 여분냉각기(132)에 의해 냉각된 후 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내진다. 여분압축기(122) 및 여분냉각기(132)를 통과한 후 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내진 증발가스는, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 1차로 열교환되어 냉각된 후 냉매감압장치(160)로 보내져 2차로 팽창되어 냉각된다. 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 증발가스는 다시 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내져, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스; 및 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 후 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스;를 냉각시키는 냉매로 사용된다. 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 후 냉매열교환기(140)에서 냉매로 사용된 증발가스는, 다시 여분압축기(122)로 보내져 상술한 일련의 과정을 반복한다.Meanwhile, the boil-off gas circulating through the refrigerant cycle is compressed by the extra compressor 122 and cooled by the extra cooler 132 and then sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5. After passing through the spare compressor 122 and the spare cooler 132, the evaporated gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, cooled, and then sent to the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160. Inflated and cooled by car. The evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, and passes through the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110, and then evaporates supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3. gas; And a boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5. After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the spare compressor 122 again and repeats the above-described series of processes.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 폐루프로 운용되는 도중, 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장나게 되면, 제1 밸브(191), 제2 밸브(192) 및 제10 밸브(202)는 닫고, 제3 밸브(193) 및 제6 밸브(196)는 열어, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 후 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 증발가스가, 제3 밸브(193), 여분압축기(122), 여분냉각기(132), 제4 밸브(194) 및 제6 밸브(196)를 거쳐 연료수요처(180)로 공급되도록 한다. 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를, 냉매열교환기(140)의 냉매로 사용할 필요가 있는 경우에는, 제9 밸브(201)를 열고 시스템을 운용할 수도 있다.If the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 fails while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated in a closed loop, the first valve 191, the second valve 192, and the tenth valve 202 may be The third valve 193 and the sixth valve 196 are opened, and the boil-off gas passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T is connected to the third valve 193 and the spare compressor. The fuel is supplied to the fuel demand 180 through the 122, the extra cooler 132, the fourth valve 194, and the sixth valve 196. When it is necessary to use the evaporated gas compressed by the spare compressor 122 as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the ninth valve 201 may be opened to operate the system.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클을 개루프로 운용하기 위해서, 제1 밸브(191), 제2 밸브(192), 제3 밸브(193), 제4 밸브(194), 제6 밸브(196) 및 제9 밸브(201)는 열고, 제10 밸브(202)는 닫는다.In order to operate the refrigerant cycle of the ship of this embodiment as an open loop, the first valve 191, the second valve 192, the third valve 193, the fourth valve 194, the sixth valve 196 and The ninth valve 201 is opened and the tenth valve 202 is closed.
냉매 사이클을 폐루프로 운용하면, 냉매 사이클을 순환하는 증발가스와, 연료수요처(180)로 보내지거나 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 재액화 과정을 거치는 증발가스가 분리된다. 반면, 냉매 사이클을 개루프로 운용하면, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 합류되어, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 냉매로 사용되거나, 연료수요처(180)로 보내지거나, 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 재액화 과정을 거치게 된다.When the refrigerant cycle is operated as a closed loop, the boil-off gas circulating through the refrigerant cycle and the boil-off gas sent to the fuel demand 180 or undergoing reliquefaction along the return line L3 are separated. On the other hand, when the refrigerant cycle is operated as an open loop, the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 are combined to be used as a refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 or to be fueled. It is sent to the customer 180, or undergoes a reliquefaction process along the return line (L3).
따라서, 냉매 사이클을 개루프로 운용하면, 재액화량 및 연료수요처(180)에서의 증발가스 요구량을 고려하여, 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내는 냉매의 유량을 유동적으로 조절할 수 있다. 특히, 연료수요처(180)에서의 증발가스 요구량이 적은 경우, 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내는 냉매의 유량을 증가시키면 재액화 효율 및 재액화량을 높일 수 있다.Therefore, when the refrigerant cycle is operated in an open loop, the flow rate of the refrigerant sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may be flexibly adjusted in consideration of the amount of reliquefaction and the amount of boil-off gas at the fuel demand 180. In particular, when the amount of boil-off gas in the fuel demand unit 180 is small, increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may increase the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction.
즉, 냉매 사이클이 폐루프로 운용되는 경우에는 여분압축기(122)의 용량 이상의 증발가스를 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급할 수는 없으나, 냉매 사이클이 개루프로 운용되는 경우에는 여분압축기(122)의 용량을 초과하는 유량의 증발가스를 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급할 수 있다.That is, when the refrigerant cycle is operated in a closed loop, it is not possible to supply the evaporation gas having a capacity greater than that of the spare compressor 122 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. However, when the refrigerant cycle is operated in an open loop, the extra compressor 122 is operated. Evaporative gas at a flow rate exceeding the capacity of the refrigerant may be supplied to the heat exchanger (140).
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 개루프로 운용되는 경우의 증발가스의 흐름을 설명하면 다음과 같다.Referring to the flow of the boil-off gas when the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated in an open loop as follows.
저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스는, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 두 흐름으로 분기하여 일부는 제1 공급라인(L1)으로 보내지고 나머지 일부는 제2 공급라인(L2)으로 보내진다.The boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then branches into two streams, partly to the first supply line L1, and the other part to the second supply line L2. Is sent to.
제1 공급라인(L1)으로 보내진 증발가스는, 제1 밸브(191), 압축기(120), 냉각기(130) 및 제2 밸브(192) 통과한 후, 일부는 제6 밸브(196)를 지나 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내지고, 다른 일부는 다시 두 흐름으로 분기한다. 두 흐름으로 분기한 증발가스 중 한 흐름은 연료수요처(180)로 보내지고, 나머지는 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진다.The boil-off gas sent to the first supply line L1 passes through the first valve 191, the compressor 120, the cooler 130, and the second valve 192, and then a part thereof passes through the sixth valve 196. It is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the other part again branches into two flows. One stream of the boil-off gas branched into two streams is sent to the fuel demand unit 180, and the other is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3).
제2 공급라인(L2)으로 보내진 증발가스는, 제3 밸브(193), 여분압축기(122), 여분냉각기(132) 및 제4 밸브(194)를 통과한 후, 일부는 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내지고, 다른 일부는 제1 공급라인(L1)으로 보내진 후 두 흐름으로 분기한다. 두 흐름으로 분기한 증발가스 중 한 흐름은 연료수요처(180)로 보내지고, 나머지 흐름은 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진다.The boil-off gas sent to the second supply line L2 passes through the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, the extra cooler 132, and the fourth valve 194, and a part thereof is a refrigerant heat exchanger 140. ), The other part is sent to the first supply line (L1) and branches into two flows. One stream of the boil-off gas branched into two streams is sent to the fuel demand unit 180, and the other stream is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3.
설명의 편의를 위해, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를 분리하여 설명하였으나, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스 및 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스는, 각각 분리되어 흐르는 것이 아니라, 합류되어 냉매열교환기(140), 연료수요처(180) 또는 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 공급되는 것이다. 즉, 냉매열교환기(140)로 증발가스를 보내는 재순환라인(L5), 연료수요처(180)로 증발가스를 보내는 제1 공급라인(L1), 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 증발가스를 보내는 복귀라인(L3)에는, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 혼합되어 흐른다.For convenience of description, the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 have been described separately, but the evaporated gas and the extra compressor 122 compressed by the compressor 120 are described. The compressed boil-off gas is not separately flowed, but rather joined and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the fuel demand 180, or the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110. That is, the recirculation line (L5) for sending the boil-off gas to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the first supply line (L1) for sending the boil-off gas to the fuel demand 180, the return to send the boil-off gas to the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) In the line L3, the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 are mixed and flow.
재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내진 증발가스는, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 1차로 열교환되어 냉각되고, 냉매감압장치(160)에 의해 2차로 팽창되어 냉각된 후 다시 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된다. 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 후 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스는, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스와, 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 합류된 흐름을, 둘 다 냉각시키는 냉매로 사용된다.The evaporated gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5 is first heat exchanged and cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and is secondly expanded and cooled by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and then again the refrigerant. The heat exchanger 140 is supplied. After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3. A flow in which the boil-off gas and the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 are supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5. It is used as a refrigerant to cool everything.
즉, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 냉매로 사용되는 증발가스는, 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 후, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 1차로 냉각되고 냉매감압장치(160)에 의해 2차로 냉각된 증발가스이다. 또한, 압축기(120) 또는 여분압축기(122)로부터 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내진 증발가스는, 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 증발가스를 냉매로 1차로 냉각된다.That is, the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5, and then is first cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the refrigerant pressure reducing device ( It is the boil-off gas cooled by secondary by 160. In addition, the boil-off gas sent from the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5 cools the boil-off gas passed through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 as a refrigerant. .
냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 후 냉매열교환기(140)에서 냉매로 사용된 증발가스는, 제9 밸브(201)를 지나 제1 공급라인(L1)으로 보내져, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 후 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 지난 증발가스와 합류되어, 상술한 일련의 과정을 반복한다.After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the first supply line L1 through the ninth valve 201 and discharged from the storage tank T. After the evaporated gas heat exchanger 110 is joined with the evaporated gas, the above-described series of processes are repeated.
복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진 증발가스는, 증발가스 열교환기(110)에서 1차로 냉각되고, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 2차로 냉각된 후 제1 감압장치(150)에 의해 팽창되어 일부 또는 전부가 재액화된다.The boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 is first cooled in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and secondly cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, followed by a first pressure reducing device ( 150) to re-liquefy some or all of it.
본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하지 않는 경우에는, 일부 또는 전부 재액화된 증발가스는 바로 저장탱크(T)로 보내지고, 본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하는 경우에는, 일부 또는 전부 재액화된 증발가스는 기액분리기(170)로 보내진다. 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 기체는, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출되는 증발가스와 합류되어 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내지고, 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 액체는 저장탱크(T)로 보내진다.When the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170. The gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 개루프로 운용되는 도중, 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장나게 되면, 제1 밸브(191), 제2 밸브(192) 및 제9 밸브(201)를 닫아, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 후 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 증발가스가, 제3 밸브(193), 여분압축기(122), 여분냉각기(132), 제4 밸브(194) 및 제6 밸브(196)를 거쳐 연료수요처(180)로 공급되도록 한다. 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를, 냉매열교환기(140)의 냉매로 사용할 필요가 있는 경우에는, 제9 밸브(201)를 열고 시스템을 운용할 수도 있다.If the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 fails while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operating in an open loop, the first valve 191, the second valve 192, and the ninth valve 201 are replaced. Closed, the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, the extra cooler 132, the fourth valve 194 And a sixth valve 196 to be supplied to the fuel demand 180. When it is necessary to use the evaporated gas compressed by the spare compressor 122 as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the ninth valve 201 may be opened to operate the system.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 개루프로 운용되고, 저장탱크(T)에 저장된 액화가스가 액화천연가스이며, 연료수요처(180)가 X-DF 엔진이고, 기액분리기(170)를 포함하는 경우, 각 지점에서의 유체의 온도 및 압력을 예로 들어 설명하면 다음과 같다.When the refrigerant cycle of the ship of this embodiment is operated in an open loop, the liquefied gas stored in the storage tank (T) is liquefied natural gas, the fuel demand 180 is an X-DF engine, and includes a gas-liquid separator (170) For example, the temperature and pressure of the fluid at each point are described as follows.
저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스와 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 증발가스가 합류되어 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 공급되는 A지점에서의 증발가스는, 대략 -120℃, 1.060bara일 수 있고, 대략 -120℃, 1.060bara인 증발가스가, 대략 43℃, 20bara의 증발가스와 증발가스 열교환기(110)에서 열교환되고 난 후인 B지점에서의 증발가스는, 대략 3℃, 0.96bara일 수 있다.The boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and the boil-off gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 are combined to be supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the boil-off gas at the point A is approximately -120 ° C and 1.060 bara. The boil-off gas at point B after the boil-off gas of approximately -120 ° C. and 1.060 bara is heat-exchanged in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 with the boil-off gas of about 43 ° C. and 20 bara is approximately 3 ° C., 0.96 may be bara.
또한, 대략 3℃, 0.96bara인 증발가스가, 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 후 냉매열교환기(140)를 통과한 대략 20℃, 0.96bara인 증발가스와 합류되고 난 후인 C지점에서의 증발가스는, 대략 15℃, 0.96bara일 수 있다.In addition, at the point C after the boil-off gas having a temperature of approximately 3 ° C. and 0.96 bara has joined the boil-off gas having approximately 20 ° C. and 0.96 bara passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 after passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160. The boil-off gas may be 0.96 bara at approximately 15 ° C.
대략 15℃, 0.96bara인 증발가스는 둘로 분기되어, 한 흐름은 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 후 냉각기(130)에 의해 냉각되고, 다른 흐름은 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 후 여분냉각기(132)에 의해 냉각되는데, 압축기(120) 및 냉각기(130)를 통과한 흐름과 여분압축기(122) 및 여분냉각기(132)를 통과한 흐름이 합류된 흐름인, D지점에서의 증발가스와 H지점에서의 증발가스는, 대략 43℃, 20bara일 수 있다.The boil-off gas, approximately 15 ° C., 0.96 bara, is branched into two, one stream is compressed by the compressor 120 and then cooled by the cooler 130, and the other stream is compressed by the spare compressor 122 and then the extra cooler. Cooled by 132, the evaporation gas at point D, which is the flow of the flow through the compressor 120 and the cooler 130 and the flow through the spare compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132 are combined. The boil-off gas at point H may be approximately 43 ° C., 20 bara.
대략 43℃, 20bara인 증발가스가, 대략 -120℃, 1.060bara인 증발가스와 증발가스 열교환기(110)에서 열교환되고 난 후인 E지점에서의 증발가스는, 대략 -110℃, 20bara일 수 있고, 대략 -110℃, 20bara인 증발가스가 냉매열교환기(140)에서 냉각되고 난 후인 F지점에서의 증발가스는, 대략 -153℃, 20bara일 수 있으며, 대략 -153℃, 20bara의 증발가스가 제1 감압장치(150)에 의해 팽창되고 난 후인 G지점에서의 증발가스는, -157℃, 2.1bara일 수 있다.The boil-off gas at point E after the boil-off gas of approximately 43 ° C. and 20 bara is heat-exchanged in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 with the boil-off gas of approximately −120 ° C. and 1.060 bara may be approximately −110 ° C. and 20 bara. After the evaporation gas having a temperature of about −110 ° C. and 20 bara is cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the evaporation gas at point F may be about −153 ° C. and 20 bara. The boil-off gas at point G after being expanded by the first pressure reducing device 150 may be −157 ° C. and 2.1 bara.
한편, 대략 43℃, 20bara인 증발가스가 냉매열교환기(140)에 의해 1차로 냉각된 후인 I지점에서의 증발가스는, 대략 -73℃, 20bara일 수 있고, 대략 -73℃, 20bara의 증발가스가 냉매감압장치(160)에 의해 2차로 냉각된 후인 J지점에서의 증발가스는, 대략 -154℃, 1.56bara일 수 있으며, 대략 -154℃, 1.56bara의 증발가스가 냉매열교환기(140)에서 냉매로 사용되고 난 후인 K지점에서의 증발가스는, 대략 20℃, 0.96bara일 수 있다.Meanwhile, the boil-off gas at point I after the boil-off gas having approximately 43 ° C. and 20 bara is first cooled by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may be about −73 ° C. and 20 bara, and the evaporation of about −73 ° C. and 20 bara. The boil-off gas at point J after the gas is secondarily cooled by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 may be approximately -154 ° C and 1.56 bara, and the boil-off gas at approximately -154 ° C and 1.56 bara is the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. The evaporated gas at point K, after being used as a refrigerant in), may be approximately 20 ° C. and 0.96 bara.
본 실시예의 선박은, 냉매 사이클을 개루프로 운용하면서도, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스는 냉매열교환기(140)의 냉매로만 사용하고, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스는, 연료수요처(180)로 보내거나 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 재액화 과정을 거치게 하고, 냉매열교환기(140)의 냉매로는 사용하지 않도록, 여분압축기(122)와 압축기(120)를 독립적으로 운용할 수도 있다. 이하, 여분압축기(122)와 압축기(120)를 독립적으로 운용하는 개루프의 냉매 사이클을 '독립 개루프'라고 한다.While the vessel of the present embodiment operates the refrigerant cycle in an open loop, the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 is used only as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 is In addition, the spare compressor 122 and the compressor 120 are independently provided so as to be sent to the fuel demand 180 or to undergo a reliquefaction process along the return line L3 and not to be used as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. It can also be operated. Hereinafter, the refrigerant cycle of the open loop for independently operating the spare compressor 122 and the compressor 120 is referred to as an 'independent open loop'.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클을 독립 개루프로 운용하기 위해서, 제1 밸브(191), 제2 밸브(192), 제3 밸브(193), 제4 밸브(194) 및 제9 밸브(201)는 열고, 제6 밸브(196) 및 제10 밸브(202)는 닫는다. 냉매 사이클을 독립 개루프로 운용하면, 개루프로 운용할 때에 비하여 시스템의 운전이 용이해 진다는 장점이 있다.In order to operate the refrigerant cycle of the ship of this embodiment as an independent open loop, the first valve 191, the second valve 192, the third valve 193, the fourth valve 194 and the ninth valve 201. Opens, and the sixth valve 196 and the tenth valve 202 are closed. When the refrigerant cycle is operated in an independent open loop, there is an advantage in that the operation of the system is easier than in the open loop.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 독립 개루프로 운용되는 경우의 증발가스의 흐름을 설명하면 다음과 같다.Referring to the flow of the boil-off gas when the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated in an independent open loop as follows.
저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스는 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 두 흐름으로 분기하여 일부는 제1 공급라인(L1)으로 보내지고 나머지 일부는 제2 공급라인(L2)으로 보내진다. 제1 공급라인(L1)으로 보내진 증발가스는, 제1 밸브(191), 압축기(120), 냉각기(130) 및 제2 밸브(192)를 통과한 후 일부는 연료수요처(180)로 보내지고, 다른 일부는 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진다. 제2 공급라인(L2)으로 보내진 증발가스는, 제3 밸브(193), 여분압축기(122), 여분냉각기(132) 및 제4 밸브(194)를 통과한 후 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내진다.The boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then branches into two streams, partly to the first supply line L1, and partly to the second supply line L2. Is sent. The boil-off gas sent to the first supply line L1 passes through the first valve 191, the compressor 120, the cooler 130, and the second valve 192, and a part of the boil-off gas is sent to the fuel demand 180. , The other part is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3). The boil-off gas sent to the second supply line L2 passes through the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, the extra cooler 132, and the fourth valve 194, and then cools the refrigerant along the recycle line L5. Sent to heat exchanger 140.
여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 후 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내진 증발가스는, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 1차로 열교환되어 냉각되고, 냉매감압장치(160)에 의해 2차로 팽창되어 냉각된 후 다시 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급되어, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 복귀라인(L3)을 통해 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스; 및 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 후 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스;를 냉각시키는 냉매로 사용된다.The boil-off gas, which is compressed by the extra compressor 122 and sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5, is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 and cooled, and is then cooled to the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160. After the second expansion by the cooling to be supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, the boil-off gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 through the return line (L3); And a boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5.
냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 후 냉매열교환기(140)에서 냉매로 사용된 증발가스는, 제9 밸브(201)를 지나 제1 공급라인(L1)으로 보내져, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 후 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 지난 증발가스와 합류되어, 상술한 일련을 과정을 반복한다.After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the first supply line L1 through the ninth valve 201 and discharged from the storage tank T. After the evaporated gas heat exchanger 110 is joined with the evaporated gas, the above-described process is repeated.
압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 후 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진 증발가스는, 증발가스 열교환기(110)에서 1차로 냉각되고, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 2차로 냉각된 후 제1 감압장치(150)에 의해 팽창되어 일부 또는 전부가 재액화된다.The boil-off gas, which is compressed by the compressor 120 and then sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3, is first cooled in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and then cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. After cooling by the car, the first pressure reducing device 150 is expanded to re-liquefy a part or all of the liquid.
본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하지 않는 경우에는, 일부 또는 전부 재액화된 증발가스는 바로 저장탱크(T)로 보내지고, 본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하는 경우에는, 일부 또는 전부 재액화된 증발가스는 기액분리기(170)로 보내진다. 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 기체는, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출되는 증발가스와 합류되어 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내지고, 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 액체는 저장탱크(T)로 보내진다.When the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170. The gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 독립 개루프로 운용되는 도중, 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장나게 되면, 제1 밸브(191), 제2 밸브(192) 및 제9 밸브(201)를 닫고, 제6 밸브(196)를 열어, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 후 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 증발가스가, 제3 밸브(193), 여분압축기(122), 여분냉각기(132), 제4 밸브(194) 및 제6 밸브(196)를 거쳐 연료수요처(180)로 공급되도록 한다. 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를, 냉매열교환기(140)의 냉매로 사용할 필요가 있는 경우에는, 제9 밸브(201)를 열고 시스템을 운용할 수도 있다.When the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 fails while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated in the independent open loop, the first valve 191, the second valve 192, and the ninth valve 201 are damaged. 6, the first valve 196 is opened, and the boil-off gas passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T is connected to the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, and the extra cooler. 132, the fourth valve 194 and the sixth valve 196 are supplied to the fuel demand 180. When it is necessary to use the evaporated gas compressed by the spare compressor 122 as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the ninth valve 201 may be opened to operate the system.
도 6은 본 발명의 제5 실시예에 따른 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템을 개략적으로 나타낸 구성도이다.Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing a system for treating the boil-off gas in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
도 6에 도시된 제5 실시예의 선박은, 도 5에 도시된 제4 실시예의 선박에 비해, 제12 밸브(301), 제13 밸브(302), 제14 밸브(303), 제15 밸브(304), 제2 추가라인(L7), 제3 추가라인(L8), 제4 추가라인(L9) 및 제5 추가라인(L10)을 더 추가하였다는 점에서 차이점이 존재하며, 이하에서는 차이점을 위주로 설명한다. 전술한 제4 실시예의 선박과 동일한 부재에 대하여는 자세한 설명은 생략한다.The ship of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 6 has a twelfth valve 301, a thirteenth valve 302, a fourteenth valve 303, and a fifteenth valve (compared with the ship of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 5). There is a difference in that 304, the second additional line L7, the third additional line L8, the fourth additional line L9, and the fifth additional line L10 are further added. Explain mainly. Detailed description of the same members as those of the ship of the fourth embodiment is omitted.
도 6을 참조하면, 본 실시예의 선박은, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 증발가스 열교환기(110), 제1 밸브(191), 압축기(120), 냉각기(130), 제2 밸브(192), 제3 밸브(193), 여분압축기(122), 여분냉각기(132), 제4 밸브(194), 냉매열교환기(140), 냉매감압장치(160), 및 제1 감압장치(150)를 포함한다.Referring to FIG. 6, the vessel of the present embodiment, like the fourth embodiment, has a boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, a first valve 191, a compressor 120, a cooler 130, and a second valve 192. , The third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, the spare cooler 132, the fourth valve 194, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and the first pressure reducing device 150. Include.
본 실시예의 저장탱크(T)는, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 내부에 액화천연가스, 액화에탄가스 등의 액화가스를 저장하며, 내부 압력이 일정 압력 이상이 되면 증발가스를 외부로 배출시킨다. 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출되는 증발가스는 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진다.As in the fourth embodiment, the storage tank T of the present embodiment stores the liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas and liquefied ethane gas inside, and discharges the boil-off gas to the outside when the internal pressure is higher than the predetermined pressure. The boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
본 실시예의 증발가스 열교환기(110)는, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스를 냉매로 사용하여, 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진 증발가스를 냉각시킨다.As in the fourth embodiment, the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 according to the present embodiment uses the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T as a refrigerant to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3. Cool the sent boil-off gas.
본 실시예의 압축기(120)는, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 제1 공급라인(L1) 상에 설치되어 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스를 압축시키고, 본 실시예의 여분압축기(122)는, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 제2 공급라인(L2) 상에 압축기(120)와 병렬로 설치되어 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스를 압축시킨다. 압축기(120)와 여분압축기(122)는, 동일한 성능의 압축기일 수 있고, 각각 다단압축기일 수 있다.The compressor 120 of the present embodiment, like the fourth embodiment, is installed on the first supply line L1 to compress the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T, and the extra compressor 122 of the present embodiment , Like the fourth embodiment, is installed in parallel with the compressor 120 on the second supply line (L2) to compress the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank (T). Compressor 120 and spare compressor 122 may be a compressor of the same performance, each may be a multi-stage compressor.
본 실시예의 압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122)는, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 연료수요처(180)가 요구하는 압력으로 증발가스를 압축시킬 수 있다. 또한, 연료수요처(180)가 여러 종류의 엔진을 포함하는 경우에는, 고압 엔진의 요구 압력에 맞추어 증발가스를 압축한 후, 일부는 고압 엔진으로 공급하고, 다른 일부는 저압 엔진 상류에 설치된 감압장치에 의해 감압시킨 후 저압 엔진으로 공급할 수 있다. 그 밖에도, 증발가스 열교환기(110) 및 냉매열교환기(140)에서의 재액화 효율 및 재액화량을 위하여, 증발가스를 압축기(120) 또는 여분압축기(122)에 의해 연료수요처(180)가 요구하는 압력 이상의 고압으로 압축시키고, 연료수요처(180) 상류에는 감압장치를 설치하여, 고압으로 압축된 증발가스의 압력을 연료수요처(180)가 요구하는 압력까지 낮춘 후에 연료수요처(180)로 공급할 수도 있다.The compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 of this embodiment can compress the boil-off gas to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180 as in the fourth embodiment. In addition, in the case where the fuel demand unit 180 includes several types of engines, after compressing the boil-off gas in accordance with the required pressure of the high pressure engine, part of the fuel supply unit 180 is supplied to the high pressure engine, and the other part is a pressure reducing device installed upstream of the low pressure engine Can be supplied to a low pressure engine. In addition, in order to reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the fuel demand 180 is supplied to the boil-off gas by the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122. It is compressed to a high pressure higher than the required pressure, and a pressure reducing device is installed upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 to lower the pressure of the boil-off gas compressed to high pressure to the pressure required by the fuel demand unit 180, and then supply the fuel to the fuel unit unit 180. It may be.
본 실시예의 선박은, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 연료수요처(180) 상류에 설치되어, 연료수요처(180)로 보내지는 증발가스의 유량 및 개폐를 조절하는 제11 밸브(203)를 더 포함할 수 있다.The vessel of the present embodiment, like the fourth embodiment, further includes an eleventh valve 203 which is provided upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 and controls the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas sent to the fuel demand unit 180. Can be.
본 실시예의 선박은, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를 냉매열교환기(140)에서 증발가스를 추가적으로 냉각시키는 냉매로 사용하므로, 재액화 효율 및 재액화량을 높일 수 있다.As in the fourth embodiment, the vessel of the present embodiment uses the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 as a refrigerant for additionally cooling the evaporated gas in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, so that the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction are increased. Can increase.
본 실시예의 냉각기(130)는, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 압축기(120) 하류에 설치되어, 압축기(120)를 통과하며 압력뿐만 아니라 온도도 올라간 증발가스를 냉각시키며, 본 실시예의 여분냉각기(132)는, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 여분압축기(122) 하류에 설치되어, 여분압축기(122)를 통과하며 압력뿐만 아니라 온도도 올라간 증발가스를 냉각시킨다.The cooler 130 of the present embodiment, like the fourth embodiment, is installed downstream of the compressor 120 to cool the evaporated gas that has passed through the compressor 120 and has risen in pressure as well as in temperature. 132, like the fourth embodiment, is installed downstream of the extra compressor 122 to cool the evaporated gas that has passed through the extra compressor 122 and has risen in temperature as well as pressure.
본 실시예의 냉매열교환기(140)는, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 공급되어, 증발가스 열교환기(110)에 의해 냉각된 증발가스를 추가적으로 냉각시킨다. Refrigerant heat exchanger 140 of the present embodiment, like the fourth embodiment, is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3), and the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) Cool additionally.
본 실시예에 의하면, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스가 증발가스 열교환기(110)뿐만 아니라 냉매열교환기(140)에서도 추가적으로 냉각되어, 더 온도가 낮은 상태로 제1 감압장치(150)로 공급될 수 있으므로, 재액화 효율 및 재액화량이 높아지게 된다.According to the present embodiment, as in the fourth embodiment, the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T is further cooled not only in the evaporation gas heat exchanger 110 but also in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, so that the temperature is lowered. Since it can be supplied to the first decompression device 150, the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction are increased.
본 실시예의 냉매감압장치(160)는, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 냉매열교환기(140)를 통과한 증발가스를 팽창시킨 후 다시 냉매열교환기(140)로 보낸다.The refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 according to the present embodiment expands the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 and sends it to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 in the same manner as the fourth embodiment.
본 실시예의 제1 감압장치(150)는, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 복귀라인(L3) 상에 설치되어, 증발가스 열교환기(110) 및 냉매열교환기(140)에 의해 냉각된 증발가스를 팽창시킨다. 본 실시예의 제1 감압장치(150)는, 증발가스를 팽창시켜 냉각시킬 수 있는 모든 수단을 포함하며, 줄-톰슨(Joule-Thomson) 밸브 등의 팽창밸브, 또는 팽창기일 수 있다.The first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment, like the fourth embodiment, is installed on the return line L3 to supply the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. Inflate. The first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment includes all means capable of expanding and cooling the boil-off gas, and may be an expansion valve such as a Joule-Thomson valve or an expander.
본 실시예의 선박은, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 제1 감압장치(150) 하류의 복귀라인(L3) 상에 설치되며 제1 감압장치(150)으로부터 배출되는 기액 혼합물을 기체와 액체로 분리하는, 기액분리기(170)를 포함할 수 있다.The vessel of this embodiment, like the fourth embodiment, is installed on the return line L3 downstream of the first pressure reducing device 150 and separates the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the first pressure reducing device 150 into gas and liquid. , Gas-liquid separator 170 may be included.
제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하지 않는 경우에는 제1 감압장치(150)를 통과한 액체 또는 기액혼합 상태의 증발가스는 바로 저장탱크(T)로 보내지고, 본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하는 경우에는 제1 감압장치(150)를 통과한 증발가스는 기액분리기(170)로 보내져, 기체상과 액체상이 분리된다. 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 액체는 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 저장탱크(T)로 복귀하고, 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 기체는, 기액분리기(170)로부터 증발가스 열교환기(110) 상류의 제1 공급라인(L1)까지 연장되는 기체배출라인(L4)을 따라, 증발가스 열교환기(110)으로 공급된다.As in the fourth embodiment, when the vessel of the present embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, the liquid or gaseous-mixed evaporated gas that has passed through the first pressure reducing device 150 is directly sent to the storage tank T. When the vessel of the present embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170, the boil-off gas passing through the first pressure reducing device 150 is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170 to separate the gas phase and the liquid phase. The liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is returned to the storage tank T along the return line L3, and the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is separated from the gas-liquid separator 170 by the evaporative gas heat exchanger ( 110 is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the gas discharge line L4 extending upstream of the first supply line L1.
본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하는 경우, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리되어 저장탱크(T)로 보내지는 액체의 유량을 조절하는 제7 밸브(197); 및 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리되어 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내지는 기체의 유량을 조절하는 제8 밸브(198);를 더 포함할 수 있다.When the vessel of the present embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170, like the fourth embodiment, the seventh valve (197) for controlling the flow rate of the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the storage tank (T) ); And an eighth valve 198 that controls the flow rate of the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
본 실시예의 선박은, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 재순환 라인(L5) 상에 설치되는 제6 밸브(196), 재순환라인(L5)과 제2 공급라인(L2) 사이를 연결하는 제1 추가라인(L6); 재순환라인(L5) 상에 설치되는 제9 밸브(201); 및 제1 추가라인(L6) 상에 설치되는 제10 밸브(202);를 더 포함한다. The vessel of the present embodiment, like the fourth embodiment, has a first additional line connecting the sixth valve 196, the recirculation line L5 and the second supply line L2 installed on the recirculation line L5. (L6); A ninth valve 201 installed on the recirculation line L5; And a tenth valve 202 installed on the first additional line L6.
본 실시예의 제1 추가라인(L6)은, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 일측은, 냉매감압장치(160)에 의해 팽창된 후 냉매열교환기(140)를 통과한 증발가스를 제1 공급라인(L1)으로 보내는, 재순환라인(L5) 상에 연결되고, 타측은, 제3 밸브(193)와 여분압축기(122) 사이의 제2 공급라인(L2) 상에 연결된다.In the first additional line L6 of the present embodiment, similar to the fourth embodiment, one side of the first additional line L6 expands by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and passes the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 in the first supply line ( It is connected to the recirculation line L5, which is sent to L1, and the other side is connected to the second supply line L2 between the third valve 193 and the spare compressor 122.
본 실시예의 제9 밸브(201)는, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 재순환라인(L5)이 압축기(120) 및 여분압축기(122) 상류의 제1 공급라인(L1)과 만나는 지점과, 재순환라인(L5)이 제1 추가라인(L6)과 만나는 지점 사이의, 재순환라인(L5) 상에 설치된다.In the ninth valve 201 of this embodiment, as in the fourth embodiment, the point where the recirculation line L5 meets the first supply line L1 upstream of the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122, and the recirculation line Between the points where L5 meets the first additional line L6, it is installed on the recirculation line L5.
단, 본 실시예의 선박은, 제4 실시예와는 달리, 여분압축기(122) 하류 쪽 제2 공급라인(L2)이 제1 공급라인(L1)과 연결되고, 냉매열교환기(140) 상류 쪽 재순환라인(L5)이 제2 공급라인(L2)과 연결된다.However, in the ship of the present embodiment, unlike the fourth embodiment, the second supply line L2 downstream of the redundant compressor 122 is connected to the first supply line L1 and the upstream of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. Recirculation line (L5) is connected to the second supply line (L2).
또한, 본 실시예의 선박은, 제4 실시예와는 달리, 제10 밸브(202) 상류의 제1 추가라인(L6)과, 제1 밸브(191)와 압축기(120) 사이의 제1 공급라인(L1)을 연결하는 제2 추가라인(L7); 여분냉각기(132)와 제4 밸브(194) 사이의 제2 공급라인(L2)과, 냉각기(130)와 제2 밸브(192) 사이의 제1 공급라인(L1)를 연결하는 제3 추가라인(L8); 냉각기(130)와 제2 밸브(192) 사이의 제1 공급라인(L1)과, 제6 밸브(196) 하류의 재순환라인(L5)을 연결하는 제4 추가라인(L9); 및 여분냉각기(132)와 제4 밸브(194) 사이의 제2 공급라인(L2)과, 복귀라인(L3)의 제5 밸브(195) 하류를 연결하는 제5 추가라인(L10);을 더 포함한다.Also, unlike the fourth embodiment, the ship of the present embodiment, unlike the fourth embodiment, has a first additional line L6 upstream of the tenth valve 202 and a first supply line between the first valve 191 and the compressor 120. A second additional line L7 connecting L1; Third additional line connecting the second supply line L2 between the extra cooler 132 and the fourth valve 194 and the first supply line L1 between the cooler 130 and the second valve 192. (L8); A fourth additional line L9 connecting the first supply line L1 between the cooler 130 and the second valve 192 and the recirculation line L5 downstream of the sixth valve 196; And a fifth additional line L10 connecting the second supply line L2 between the extra cooler 132 and the fourth valve 194 and downstream of the fifth valve 195 of the return line L3. Include.
그 밖에도, 본 실시예의 선박은, 복귀라인(L3) 상에 설치되는 제5 밸브(195); 제2 추가라인(L7) 상에 설치되는 제12 밸브(301), 제3 추가라인(L8) 상에 설치되는 제13 밸브(302), 제4 추가라인(L9) 상에 설치되는 제14 밸브(303), 및 제5 추가라인(L10) 상에 설치되는 제15 밸브(304)를 더 포함한다.In addition, the ship of this embodiment includes a fifth valve 195 installed on the return line L3; A twelfth valve 301 installed on the second additional line L7, a thirteenth valve 302 installed on the third additional line L8, and a fourteenth valve installed on the fourth additional line L9. 303, and a fifteenth valve 304 installed on the fifth additional line L10.
본 실시예의 제1 내지 제15 밸브(191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 201, 202, 203, 301, 302, 303, 304)는, 시스템 운용 상황을 사람이 직접 판단하여 수동으로 조절될 수도 있고, 미리 설정된 값에 의해 개폐되도록 자동으로 조절될 수도 있다.The first to fifteenth valves 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 201, 202, 203, 301, 302, 303, and 304 of the present embodiment directly determine a system operation situation. It may be adjusted manually or may be automatically adjusted to open and close by a preset value.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클은, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 폐루프, 개루프 또는 독립 개루프로 운용될 수 있으며, 이하, 밸브 조절을 통해, 냉매 사이클을 폐루프, 개루프 또는 독립 개루프로 운용하는 방법을 설명한다.The refrigerant cycle of the ship of this embodiment, like the fourth embodiment, can be operated as a closed loop, an open loop or an independent open loop. Hereinafter, through the valve adjustment, the refrigerant cycle is closed loop, open loop or independent open loop. It explains how to operate.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클을 폐루프로 운용하기 위해서는, 일단, 제1 밸브(191), 제2 밸브(192), 제3 밸브(193), 제5 밸브(195), 제6 밸브(196) 및 제10 밸브(202)는 열고, 제4 밸브(194), 제9 밸브(201), 제12 밸브(301), 제13 밸브(302), 제14 밸브(303), 및 제15 밸브(304)는 닫은 상태에서 시스템을 구동시킨다.In order to operate the refrigerant cycle of the ship of this embodiment as a closed loop, first, the first valve 191, the second valve 192, the third valve 193, the fifth valve 195, and the sixth valve 196. ) And the tenth valve 202 are opened, the fourth valve 194, the ninth valve 201, the twelfth valve 301, the thirteenth valve 302, the fourteenth valve 303, and the fifteenth valve. 304 drives the system in the closed state.
저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 후 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 재순환라인(L5)으로 공급되면, 제3 밸브(193)를 닫아, 증발가스가 여분압축기(122), 여분냉각기(132), 제6 밸브(196), 냉매열교환기(140), 냉매감압장치(160), 다시 냉매열교환기(140), 및 제10 밸브(202)를 순환하는, 폐루프의 냉매 사이클을 형성시킨다.When the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 after being discharged from the storage tank T is supplied to the recirculation line L5, the third valve 193 is closed to supply the boil-off gas to the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler. 132, the sixth valve 196, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the tenth valve 202. To form.
냉매 사이클을 폐루프로 구성하는 경우, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 질소가스를 폐루프를 순환하는 냉매로 사용할 수 있고, 질소가스를 폐루프의 냉매 사이클 내로 도입시키는 배관을 더 포함할 수 있다.When the refrigerant cycle is configured as a closed loop, similarly to the fourth embodiment, the nitrogen gas may be used as the refrigerant circulating in the closed loop, and may further include a pipe for introducing the nitrogen gas into the refrigerant cycle of the closed loop.
냉매 사이클이 폐루프로 운용되는 경우, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 재액화량이나 연료수요처(180)에서 요구하는 증발가스량에 무관하게 일정한 유량의 증발가스가 냉매열교환기(140)의 냉매로 순환된다.When the refrigerant cycle is operated in a closed loop, similarly to the fourth embodiment, a constant flow rate of the evaporated gas is circulated to the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 regardless of the amount of reliquefaction or the amount of evaporated gas required by the fuel demand 180. do.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 폐루프로 운용되는 경우의 증발가스의 흐름을 설명하면 다음과 같다.Referring to the flow of the boil-off gas when the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated in a closed loop as follows.
저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스는 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 압축기(120)에 의해 압축되고 냉각기(130)에 의해 냉각된 후 일부는 연료수요처(180)로 보내지고, 나머지 일부는 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진다. 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진 증발가스는, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스와 열교환되어 냉각된 후, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 열교환되어 추가적으로 냉각된다.After the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank (T) passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) and is compressed by the compressor (120) and cooled by the cooler (130), a part is sent to the fuel demand (180), The other part is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3). The boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 is heat-exchanged with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and then cooled, and further cooled by heat-exchange in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
증발가스 열교환기(110) 및 냉매열교환기(140)에 의해 냉각된 증발가스는 제1 감압장치(150)에 의해 팽창되어 일부 또는 전부가 재액화된다. 본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하지 않는 경우에는, 일부 또는 전부 재액화된 증발가스는 바로 저장탱크(T)로 보내지고, 본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하는 경우에는, 일부 또는 전부 재액화된 증발가스는 기액분리기(170)로 보내진다. 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 기체는, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출되는 증발가스와 합류되어 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내지고, 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 액체는 저장탱크(T)로 보내진다.The boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is expanded by the first pressure reducing device 150 to re-liquefy some or all of the boil-off gas. When the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170. The gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
한편, 냉매 사이클을 순환하는 증발가스는, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축되고 여분냉각기(132)에 의해 냉각된 후 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내진다. 여분압축기(122) 및 여분냉각기(132)를 통과한 후 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내진 증발가스는, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 1차로 열교환되어 냉각된 후 냉매감압장치(160)로 보내져 2차로 팽창되어 냉각된다. 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 증발가스는 다시 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내져, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스; 및 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 후 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스;를 냉각시키는 냉매로 사용된다. 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 후 냉매열교환기(140)에서 냉매로 사용된 증발가스는, 다시 여분압축기(122)로 보내져 상술한 일련의 과정을 반복한다.Meanwhile, the boil-off gas circulating through the refrigerant cycle is compressed by the extra compressor 122 and cooled by the extra cooler 132 and then sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5. After passing through the spare compressor 122 and the spare cooler 132, the evaporated gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, cooled, and then sent to the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160. Inflated and cooled by car. The evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, and passes through the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110, and then evaporates supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3. gas; And a boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5. After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the spare compressor 122 again and repeats the above-described series of processes.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 폐루프로 운용되는 도중, 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장나게 되면, 제1 밸브(191), 제2 밸브(192), 제5 밸브(195), 제6 밸브(196), 및 제10 밸브(202)는 닫고, 제3 밸브(193) 및 제4 밸브(194)는 열어, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 후 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 증발가스가, 제3 밸브(193), 여분압축기(122), 여분냉각기(132), 및 제4 밸브(194)를 거쳐 연료수요처(180)로 공급되도록 한다.If the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 breaks down while the refrigerant cycle of the ship is operating in the closed loop, the first valve 191, the second valve 192, the fifth valve 195, The sixth valve 196 and the tenth valve 202 are closed, and the third valve 193 and the fourth valve 194 are opened to discharge the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T. The boil-off gas passed through the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, the extra cooler 132, and the fourth valve 194 are supplied to the fuel demand 180.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 폐루프로 운용되는 도중 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장난 경우에도, 증발가스의 일부를 재액화할 필요가 있으면, 제15 밸브(304)를 열어, 증발가스의 일부가 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 재액화 과정을 거치도록 할 수 있다. 또한, 증발가스의 일부를 재액화하면서, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를, 냉매열교환기(140)의 냉매로 사용할 필요가 있는 경우에는, 제6 밸브(196) 및 제9 밸브(201)를 열거나, 제6 밸브(196) 및 제10 밸브(202)를 열고 시스템을 운용할 수도 있다.Even when the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 fails while the refrigerant cycle of the ship is operating in a closed loop, if it is necessary to reliquefy a part of the boil-off gas, the fifteenth valve 304 is opened to evaporate. Part of the gas may be subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3). In addition, when it is necessary to use the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 while re-liquefying a part of the evaporated gas, the sixth valve 196 and the ninth valve 201 may be opened, or sixth valve 196 and tenth valve 202 may be opened to operate the system.
본 실시예의 선박은, 냉매 사이클이 폐루프로 운용되면서도 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를 냉매열교환기(140)에서의 냉매로 사용하고, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를 연료수요처(180)로 공급하거나 재액화 과정을 거치도록 할 수도 있다(이하, '제2 폐루프'라고 한다.).The vessel of this embodiment uses the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 as a refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 while the refrigerant cycle is operated as a closed loop, and uses the evaporated gas compressed by the spare compressor 122. It may be supplied to the fuel demand 180 or to undergo a reliquefaction process (hereinafter referred to as a 'second closed loop').
상술한 바와 같이, 압축기(120)와 냉각기(130), 여분압축기(122)와 여분냉각기(132)는 설명의 편의를 위해 구분하여 설명한 것일 뿐 동일한 역할을 하며, 하나의 선박에 같은 역할을 하는 압축기 및 냉각기를 두 대 이상 구비하였다는 점에서 리던던시(Redundancy) 개념을 만족시키는 것이다. 따라서, 압축기(120)와 냉각기(130), 여분압축기(122)와 여분냉각기(132)는 역할을 바꾸어 운용될 수도 있다.As described above, the compressor 120 and the cooler 130, the spare compressor 122 and the spare cooler 132 are merely described separately for convenience of description and play the same role, and play the same role in one ship. Redundancy concept is satisfied in that more than two compressors and coolers are provided. Therefore, the compressor 120, the cooler 130, the spare compressor 122, and the spare cooler 132 may be operated in different roles.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클을 제2 폐루프로 운용하기 위해서, 일단, 제1 밸브(191), 제3 밸브(193), 제4 밸브(194), 제12 밸브(301), 제14 밸브(303) 및 제15 밸브(304)는 열고, 제2 밸브(192), 제5 밸브(195), 제6 밸브(196), 제9 밸브(201), 제10 밸브(202), 및 제13 밸브(302)는 닫은 상태에서 시스템을 구동시킨다.In order to operate the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment as the second closed loop, first, the first valve 191, the third valve 193, the fourth valve 194, the twelfth valve 301, and the fourteenth valve 303 and the fifteenth valve 304 are opened, and the second valve 192, the fifth valve 195, the sixth valve 196, the ninth valve 201, the tenth valve 202, and the tenth valve 202 are opened. 13 valve 302 drives the system in the closed state.
저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 후 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 재순환라인(L5)으로 공급되면, 제1 밸브(191)를 닫아, 증발가스가 압축기(120), 냉각기(130), 제14 밸브(303), 냉매열교환기(140), 냉매감압장치(160), 다시 냉매열교환기(140), 및 제12 밸브(301)를 순환하는, 폐루프의 냉매 사이클을 형성시킨다.When the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 after being discharged from the storage tank T is supplied to the recirculation line L5, the first valve 191 is closed so that the boil-off gas is compressed by the compressor 120 and the cooler 130. A closed loop refrigerant cycle is circulated through the fourteenth valve 303, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the twelfth valve 301.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 제2 폐루프로 운용되는 경우의 증발가스의 흐름을 설명하면 다음과 같다.Referring to the flow of the boil-off gas when the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated in the second closed loop as follows.
저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스는, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후, 제3 밸브(193)를 지나, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축되고 여분냉각기(132)에 의해 냉각된 후, 일부는 제4 밸브(194)를 지나 연료수요처(180)로 보내지고, 나머지 일부는 제15 밸브(304)를 지나 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진다. 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진 증발가스는, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스와 열교환되어 냉각된 후, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 추가적으로 냉각된다.The boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, passes through the third valve 193, is compressed by the spare compressor 122, and is cooled by the spare cooler 132. After that, a part is sent to the fuel demand 180 through the fourth valve 194 and the other part is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 through the fifteenth valve 304. . The boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is cooled by heat exchange with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T, and then further cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
증발가스 열교환기(110) 및 냉매열교환기(140)에 의해 냉각된 증발가스는 제1 감압장치(150)에 의해 팽창되어 일부 또는 전부가 재액화된다. 본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하지 않는 경우에는, 일부 또는 전부 재액화된 증발가스는 바로 저장탱크(T)로 보내지고, 본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하는 경우에는, 일부 또는 전부 재액화된 증발가스는 기액분리기(170)로 보내진다. 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 기체는, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출되는 증발가스와 합류되어 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내지고, 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 액체는 저장탱크(T)로 보내진다.The boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is expanded by the first pressure reducing device 150 to re-liquefy some or all of the boil-off gas. When the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170. The gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
한편, 냉매 사이클을 순환하는 증발가스는, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축되고 냉각기(130)에 의해 냉각된 후 제14 밸브(303)를 지나 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내진다. 압축기(120) 및 냉각기(130)를 통과한 후 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내진 증발가스는, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 1차로 열교환되어 냉각된 후 냉매감압장치(160)로 보내져 2차로 팽창되어 냉각된다. 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 증발가스는 다시 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내져, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스; 및 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 후 제14 밸브(303)를 지나 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스;를 냉각시키는 냉매로 사용된다. 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 후 냉매열교환기(140)에서 냉매로 사용된 증발가스는, 재순환라인(L5)을 따라 흐르다가 제1 추가라인(L6)으로 분기한 후 다시 제2 추가라인(L7)으로 분기하여, 제12 밸브(301)를 지나 제1 공급라인(L1)으로 보내진다. 제1 공급라인(L1)으로 보내진 증발가스는, 다시 압축기(120)로 보내져 상술한 일련의 과정을 반복한다.On the other hand, the boil-off gas circulating through the refrigerant cycle is compressed by the compressor 120 and cooled by the cooler 130 and then passed through the fourteenth valve 303 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. After passing through the compressor 120 and the cooler 130, the evaporated gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, cooled, and then sent to the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 to expand secondly. And cooled. The evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, and passes through the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110, and then evaporates supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3. gas; And a boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 and then passed through the fourteenth valve 303 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 flows along the recycle line L5 and branches to the first additional line L6, and then again to the second additional line. It branches to L7 and is sent to the 1st supply line L1 through 12th valve 301. The boil-off gas sent to the first supply line L1 is sent to the compressor 120 again and repeats the above-described series of processes.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 제2 폐루프로 운용되는 도중, 여분압축기(122) 또는 여분냉각기(132)가 고장나게 되면, 제3 밸브(193), 제4 밸브(194), 제12 밸브(301), 제14 밸브(303), 및 제15 밸브(304)는 닫고, 제1 밸브(191) 및 제2 밸브(192)는 열어, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 후 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 증발가스가, 제1 밸브(191), 압축기(120), 냉각기(130), 및 제2 밸브(192)를 거쳐 연료수요처(180)로 공급되도록 한다. When the spare compressor 122 or the spare cooler 132 fails while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated as the second closed loop, the third valve 193, the fourth valve 194, and the twelfth valve The 301, the 14th valve 303, and the 15th valve 304 are closed, the first valve 191 and the second valve 192 are opened, and after being discharged from the storage tank T, the evaporative gas heat exchanger. The boil-off gas passing through the 110 is supplied to the fuel demand 180 through the first valve 191, the compressor 120, the cooler 130, and the second valve 192.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 제2 폐루프로 운용되는 도중, 여분압축기(122) 또는 여분냉각기(132)가 고장난 경우에도, 증발가스의 일부를 재액화할 필요가 있으면, 제5 밸브(195)를 열어, 증발가스의 일부가 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 재액화 과정을 거치도록 할 수 있다. 또한, 증발가스의 일부를 재액화하면서, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를, 냉매열교환기(140)의 냉매로 사용할 필요가 있는 경우에는, 제9 밸브(201) 및 제14 밸브(303)를 열거나, 제12 밸브(301) 및 제14 밸브(303)를 열고 시스템을 운용할 수도 있다.If the spare compressor 122 or the spare cooler 132 is broken while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operating in the second closed loop, it is necessary to re-liquefy a part of the boil-off gas. ), A part of the boil-off gas may be subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3). In addition, when it is necessary to use the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 while re-liquefying a part of the evaporated gas, the ninth valve 201 and the fourteenth valve ( 303 may be opened, or the twelfth valve 301 and the fourteenth valve 303 may be opened to operate the system.
한편, 본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클을 개루프로 운용하기 위해서는, 제1 밸브(191), 제2 밸브(192), 제3 밸브(193), 제5 밸브(195), 제6 밸브(196), 제9 밸브(201), 및 제13 밸브(302)는 열고, 제4 밸브(194), 제10 밸브(202), 제12 밸브(301), 제14 밸브(303) 및 제15 밸브(304)는 닫는다.On the other hand, in order to operate the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment in an open loop, the first valve 191, the second valve 192, the third valve 193, the fifth valve 195, the sixth valve 196 ), The ninth valve 201, and the thirteenth valve 302 are opened, and the fourth valve 194, the tenth valve 202, the twelfth valve 301, the fourteenth valve 303, and the fifteenth valve 304 closes.
냉매 사이클을 개루프로 운용하면, 제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 재액화량 및 연료수요처(180)에서의 증발가스 요구량을 고려하여, 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내는 냉매의 유량을 유동적으로 조절할 수 있고, 특히, 연료수요처(180)에서의 증발가스 요구량이 적은 경우, 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내는 냉매의 유량을 증가시키면 재액화 효율 및 재액화량을 높일 수 있다. 즉, 냉매 사이클이 개루프로 운용되는 경우에는 여분압축기(122)의 용량을 초과하는 유량의 증발가스를 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급할 수 있다.When the refrigerant cycle is operated in an open loop, as in the fourth embodiment, the flow rate of the refrigerant sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 can be flexibly adjusted in consideration of the amount of reliquefaction and the amount of boil-off gas required by the fuel demand 180. In particular, when the amount of boil-off gas in the fuel demand unit 180 is small, increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may increase the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction. That is, when the refrigerant cycle is operated in an open loop, the evaporation gas having a flow rate exceeding the capacity of the redundant compressor 122 may be supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 개루프로 운용되는 경우의 증발가스의 흐름을 설명하면 다음과 같다.Referring to the flow of the boil-off gas when the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated in an open loop as follows.
저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스는, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 두 흐름으로 분기하여 일부는 제1 밸브(191)를 지나 압축기(120)로 보내지고, 나머지 일부는 제3 밸브(193)를 지나 여분압축기(122)로 보내진다.The boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then branches into two streams, some of which are passed through the first valve 191 to the compressor 120, and some of It is sent to the spare compressor 122 via the three valve (193).
압축기(120)로 보내진 증발가스는, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축되고 냉각기(130)에 의해 냉각된 후, 일부는 제13 밸브(302) 및 제6 밸브(196)를 지나 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내지고, 다른 일부는 제2 밸브(192)를 지나 연료수요처(180)로 보내지며, 나머지 일부는 제5 밸브(195)를 지나 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진다.The boil-off gas sent to the compressor 120 is compressed by the compressor 120 and cooled by the cooler 130, and then some passes through the thirteenth valve 302 and the sixth valve 196 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. ), The other part is passed through the second valve 192 to the fuel demand 180, the other part is passed to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 through the fifth valve (195).
여분압축기(122)로 보내진 증발가스는, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축되고 여분냉각기(132)에 의해 냉각된 후, 일부는 제6 밸브(196)를 지나 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내지고, 나머지 일부는 제13 밸브(302)를 지난 후 둘로 분기된다.The boil-off gas sent to the spare compressor 122 is compressed by the spare compressor 122 and cooled by the spare cooler 132, and then a part of the boil-off gas is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 through the sixth valve 196. The remaining part branches into two after passing the thirteenth valve 302.
여분압축기(122), 여분냉각기(132) 및 제13 밸브(302)를 통과한 후 둘로 분기된 흐름 중 한 흐름은, 제2 밸브(192)를 지나 연료수요처(180)로 공급되고, 나머지 흐름은 제5 밸브(195)를 지나 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진다.After passing the spare compressor 122, the spare cooler 132, and the thirteenth valve 302, one of the two branched flows is supplied to the fuel demand 180 through the second valve 192 and the remaining flows. Is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) via the fifth valve (195).
제4 실시예와 마찬가지로, 설명의 편의를 위해 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 여분압축기(122)에 의해 분리된 증발가스를 분리하여 설명하였으나, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 여분압축기(122)에 의해 분리된 증발가스는 합류되어, 냉매열교환기(140), 연료수요처(180), 및 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진다.As in the fourth embodiment, for convenience of explanation, the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the evaporated gas separated by the extra compressor 122 are separated and described, but the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 is described. And the boil-off gas separated by the extra compressor 122 are combined to be sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the fuel demand 180, and the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
제6 밸브(196)를 지나 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내진 증발가스는, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 1차로 열교환되어 냉각되고, 냉매감압장치(160)에 의해 2차로 팽창되어 냉각된 후 다시 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된다. 냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 후 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스는, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스; 및 압축기(120) 또는 여분압축기(122)로부터 제6 밸브(196)를 지나 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스;를 냉각시키는 냉매로 사용된다.The boil-off gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 through the sixth valve 196 is first heat-exchanged and cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and is secondly expanded and cooled by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and then again. It is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger (140). After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3. Boil off gas; And a boil-off gas supplied from the compressor 120 or the extra compressor 122 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 after passing through the sixth valve 196.
냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 후 냉매열교환기(140)에서 냉매로 사용된 증발가스는, 제9 밸브(201)를 지나 제1 공급라인(L1)으로 보내져, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 후 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 지난 증발가스와 합류되어, 상술한 일련의 과정을 반복한다.After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the first supply line L1 through the ninth valve 201 and discharged from the storage tank T. After the evaporated gas heat exchanger 110 is joined with the evaporated gas, the above-described series of processes are repeated.
복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진 증발가스는, 증발가스 열교환기(110)에서 1차로 냉각되고, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 2차로 냉각된 후 제1 감압장치(150)에 의해 팽창되어 일부 또는 전부가 재액화된다.The boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 is first cooled in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and secondly cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, followed by a first pressure reducing device ( 150) to re-liquefy some or all of it.
본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하지 않는 경우에는, 일부 또는 전부 재액화된 증발가스는 바로 저장탱크(T)로 보내지고, 본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하는 경우에는, 일부 또는 전부 재액화된 증발가스는 기액분리기(170)로 보내진다. 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 기체는, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출되는 증발가스와 합류되어 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내지고, 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 액체는 저장탱크(T)로 보내진다.When the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170. The gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 개루프로 운용되는 도중, 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장나게 되면, 제1 밸브(191), 제5 밸브(195), 제6 밸브(196), 및 제9 밸브(201)를 닫아, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 후 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 증발가스가, 제3 밸브(193), 여분압축기(122), 여분냉각기(132), 제13 밸브(302), 및 제2 밸브(192)를 거쳐 연료수요처(180)로 공급되도록 한다.When the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 fails while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated in an open loop, the first valve 191, the fifth valve 195, the sixth valve 196, And a third valve 193, a spare compressor 122, and a spare cooler 132 by closing the ninth valve 201 and passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T. ), The thirteenth valve 302, and the second valve 192 to be supplied to the fuel demand 180.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 개루프로 운용되는 도중, 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장난 경우에도, 증발가스의 일부를 재액화할 필요가 있으면, 제5 밸브(195)를 열어, 증발가스의 일부가 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 재액화 과정을 거치도록 할 수 있다. 또한, 증발가스의 일부를 재액화하면서, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를, 냉매열교환기(140)의 냉매로 사용할 필요가 있는 경우에는, 제9 밸브(201) 및 제14 밸브(303)를 열거나, 제10 밸브(202) 및 제14 밸브(303)를 열고 시스템을 운용할 수도 있다.If the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is broken while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operating in an open loop, if the part of the boil-off gas needs to be liquefied, the fifth valve 195 is opened. Part of the boil-off gas may be subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3). In addition, when it is necessary to use the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 while re-liquefying a part of the evaporated gas, the ninth valve 201 and the fourteenth valve 303 may be opened, or the tenth valve 202 and the fourteenth valve 303 may be opened to operate the system.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클을 독립 개루프로 운용하기 위해서, 제1 밸브(191), 제2 밸브(192), 제3 밸브(193), 제5 밸브(195), 제6 밸브(196), 및 제9 밸브(201)는 열고, 제4 밸브(194), 제10 밸브(202), 제12 밸브(301), 제13 밸브(302), 제14 밸브(303) 및 제15 밸브(304)는 닫는다. 냉매 사이클을 독립 개루프로 운용하면, 개루프로 운용할 때에 비하여 시스템의 운전이 용이해 진다는 장점이 있다.In order to operate the refrigerant cycle of the ship of this embodiment as an independent open loop, the first valve 191, the second valve 192, the third valve 193, the fifth valve 195, the sixth valve 196 And the ninth valve 201 are opened, and the fourth valve 194, the tenth valve 202, the twelfth valve 301, the thirteenth valve 302, the fourteenth valve 303, and the fifteenth valve ( 304) close. When the refrigerant cycle is operated in an independent open loop, there is an advantage in that the operation of the system is easier than in the open loop.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 독립 개루프로 운용되는 경우의 증발가스의 흐름을 설명하면 다음과 같다.Referring to the flow of the boil-off gas when the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated in an independent open loop as follows.
저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 증발가스는 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 두 흐름으로 분기하여, 일부는 제1 밸브(191)를 지나 압축기(120)로 보내지고, 나머지 일부는 제3 밸브(193)를 지나 여분압축기(122)로 보내진다. 압축기(120)로 보내진 증발가스는, 압축기(120)에 의해 압축되고 냉각기(130)에 의해 냉각된 후, 일부는 제2 밸브(192)를 지나 연료수요처(180)로 보내지고, 다른 일부는 제5 밸브(195)를 지나 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진다. 여분압축기(122)로 보내진 증발가스는, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축되고 여분냉각기(132)에 의해 냉각된 후, 제6 밸브(196)를 지나 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내진다.The boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then branches into two flows, part of which is passed through the first valve 191 to the compressor 120, and the other part of the boil-off gas. It is sent to the spare compressor 122 via the three valve (193). The boil-off gas sent to the compressor 120 is compressed by the compressor 120 and cooled by the cooler 130, and then some are passed through the second valve 192 to the fuel demand 180, and others are The fifth valve 195 is passed to the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110). The boil-off gas sent to the spare compressor 122 is compressed by the spare compressor 122 and cooled by the spare cooler 132, and then passed to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 through the sixth valve 196.
여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 후 제6 밸브(196)를 지나 냉매열교환기(140)로 보내진 증발가스는, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 1차로 열교환되어 냉각되고, 냉매감압장치(160)에 의해 2차로 팽창되어 냉각된 후 다시 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급되어, 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 후 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스; 및 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 후 제6 밸브(196)를 지나 냉매열교환기(140)로 공급된 증발가스;를 냉각시키는 냉매로 사용된다.The boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and then passed through the sixth valve 196 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 to be cooled, and the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is provided. After the second expansion by the cooling to be supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, the evaporated gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line (L3); And a boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and then passed through the sixth valve 196 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
냉매감압장치(160)를 통과한 후 냉매열교환기(140)에서 냉매로 사용된 증발가스는, 제9 밸브(201)를 지나 제1 공급라인(L1)으로 보내져, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 후 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 지난 증발가스와 합류되어, 상술한 일련을 과정을 반복한다.After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the first supply line L1 through the ninth valve 201 and discharged from the storage tank T. After the evaporated gas heat exchanger 110 is joined with the evaporated gas, the above-described process is repeated.
압축기(120)에 의해 압축된 후 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내진 증발가스는, 증발가스 열교환기(110)에서 1차로 냉각되고, 냉매열교환기(140)에서 2차로 냉각된 후 제1 감압장치(150)에 의해 팽창되어 일부 또는 전부가 재액화된다.The boil-off gas, which is compressed by the compressor 120 and then sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3, is first cooled in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and then cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. After cooling by the car, the first pressure reducing device 150 is expanded to re-liquefy a part or all of the liquid.
본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하지 않는 경우에는, 일부 또는 전부 재액화된 증발가스는 바로 저장탱크(T)로 보내지고, 본 실시예의 선박이 기액분리기(170)를 포함하는 경우에는, 일부 또는 전부 재액화된 증발가스는 기액분리기(170)로 보내진다. 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 기체는, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출되는 증발가스와 합류되어 증발가스 열교환기(110)로 보내지고, 기액분리기(170)에 의해 분리된 액체는 저장탱크(T)로 보내진다.When the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170. The gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 독립 개루프로 운용되는 도중, 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장나게 되면, 제1 밸브(191), 제5 밸브(195), 제6 밸브(196), 및 제9 밸브(201)를 닫고, 제13 밸브(302)를 열어, 저장탱크(T)로부터 배출된 후 증발가스 열교환기(110)를 통과한 증발가스가, 제3 밸브(193), 여분압축기(122), 여분냉각기(132), 제13 밸브(302) 및 제2 밸브(192)를 거쳐 연료수요처(180)로 공급되도록 한다.When the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is broken while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated in an independent open loop, the first valve 191, the fifth valve 195, and the sixth valve 196 are broken down. And the ninth valve 201, the thirteenth valve 302, the evaporated gas passing through the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T, the third valve 193, The spare compressor 122, the spare cooler 132, the thirteenth valve 302, and the second valve 192 are supplied to the fuel demand 180.
본 실시예의 선박의 냉매 사이클이 독립 개루프로 운용되는 도중, 압축기(120) 또는 냉각기(130)가 고장난 경우에도, 증발가스의 일부를 재액화할 필요가 있으면, 제5 밸브(195)를 열어, 증발가스의 일부가 복귀라인(L3)을 따라 재액화 과정을 거치도록 할 수 있다. 또한, 증발가스의 일부를 재액화하면서, 여분압축기(122)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를, 냉매열교환기(140)의 냉매로 사용할 필요가 있는 경우에는, 제6 밸브(196) 및 제9 밸브(201)를 열거나, 제6 밸브(196) 및 제10 밸브(202)를 열고 시스템을 운용할 수도 있다.If the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is broken while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated in an independent open loop, the fifth valve 195 is opened if it is necessary to reliquefy a part of the boil-off gas. , Part of the boil-off gas may be subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3). In addition, when it is necessary to use the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 while re-liquefying a part of the evaporated gas, the sixth valve 196 and the ninth valve 201 may be opened, or sixth valve 196 and tenth valve 202 may be opened to operate the system.
본 발명은 상기 실시예에 한정되지 않고, 본 발명의 기술적 요지를 벗어나지 아니하는 범위 내에서 다양하게 수정 또는 변형되어 실시될 수 있음은 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에 있어서 자명한 것이다.The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications or changes may be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, which will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is.

Claims (20)

  1. 액화가스를 저장하는 저장탱크를 포함하는 선박에 있어서,In a ship comprising a storage tank for storing liquefied gas,
    상기 저장탱크 하류에 설치되어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출되는 증발가스를 냉매로 하여 압축된 증발가스(이하, ‘제1 유체’라고 한다.)를 열교환시켜 냉각시키는 증발가스 열교환기;An evaporative gas heat exchanger installed downstream of the storage tank and configured to heat-exchange the compressed evaporated gas (hereinafter, referred to as a “first fluid”) using the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank as a refrigerant;
    상기 증발가스 열교환기 하류에 설치되어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스의 일부를 압축시키는 압축기;A compressor installed downstream of the boil-off heat exchanger to compress a portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank;
    상기 증발가스 열교환기 하류에 상기 압축기와 병렬로 설치되어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스의 다른 일부를 압축시키는 여분압축기;A spare compressor installed downstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger in parallel with the compressor to compress another portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank;
    상기 증발가스 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 상기 제1 유체를 추가적으로 냉각시키는 냉매열교환기;A refrigerant heat exchanger for further cooling the first fluid cooled by the evaporative gas heat exchanger;
    상기 냉매열교환기로 보내져(이하, 냉매열교환기로 보내지는 유체를 ‘제2 유체’라고 한다.), 상기 냉매열교환기에 의해 냉각된 상기 제2 유체를, 팽창시킨 후 다시 상기 냉매열교환기로 보내는 냉매감압장치; 및A refrigerant pressure reducing device which is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger (hereinafter, the fluid sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger is referred to as a 'second fluid'), and expands the second fluid cooled by the refrigerant heat exchanger and then returns to the refrigerant heat exchanger. ; And
    상기 증발가스 열교환기 및 상기 냉매열교환기에 의해 냉각된 상기 제1 유체를 팽창시키는 제1 감압장치;를 포함하고,And a first decompression device for expanding the first fluid cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger and the refrigerant heat exchanger.
    상기 냉매열교환기는, 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과한 증발가스를 냉매로 하여, 상기 제1 유체와 상기 제2 유체를 둘 다 열교환시켜 냉각시키며,The refrigerant heat exchanger cools by heat-exchanging both the first fluid and the second fluid by using the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device as a refrigerant.
    상기 제1 유체는, 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스; 및 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 합류된 흐름; 중 어느 하나이고, The first fluid, the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor; And a stream in which the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor are joined. Any one of
    상기 제2 유체는, 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스; 및 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 합류된 흐름; 중 어느 하나인, 선박.The second fluid, the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor; And a stream in which the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor are joined. Any one of which is a ship.
  2. 청구항 1에 있어서,The method according to claim 1,
    상기 증발가스 열교환기, 상기 냉매열교환기 및 상기 제1 감압장치를 통과하며 일부 재액화된 액화가스와, 기체상태로 남아있는 증발가스를 분리하는 기액분리기를 더 포함하고,And a gas-liquid separator for separating the partially reliquefied liquefied gas and the boil-off gas remaining in a gaseous state through the boil-off gas heat exchanger, the refrigerant heat exchanger, and the first decompression device,
    상기 기액분리기에 의해 분리된 액화가스는 상기 저장탱크로 보내지고,The liquefied gas separated by the gas-liquid separator is sent to the storage tank,
    상기 기액분리기에 의해 분리된 증발가스는 상기 증발가스 열교환기로 보내지는, 선박.The boil-off gas separated by the gas-liquid separator is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger.
  3. 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 있어서,The method according to claim 1 or 2,
    상기 제1 유체는 연료수요처 상류에서 두 흐름으로 분기하여,The first fluid branches in two streams upstream of the fuel demand,
    일부는 상기 증발가스 열교환기, 상기 냉매열교환기, 및 상기 제1 감압장치를 순차적으로 통과하며 일부 또는 전부가 재액화되고,A portion passes sequentially through the boil-off gas heat exchanger, the refrigerant heat exchanger, and the first pressure reducing device, and some or all of the liquid is reliquefied;
    다른 일부는 상기 연료수요처로 보내지는, 선박.The other part is sent to the fuel demand.
  4. 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 있어서,The method according to claim 1 or 2,
    상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축되어 상기 냉매열교환기 및 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과한 후, 상기 냉매열교환기의 냉매로 사용된 상기 제2 유체는, 다시 상기 여분압축기로 보내져, 상기 여분압축기, 상기 냉매열교환기, 상기 냉매감압장치, 다시 상기 냉매열교환기를 연결하는 폐루프의 냉매사이클을 형성하는, 선박.After being compressed by the spare compressor and passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger and the refrigerant pressure reducing device, the second fluid used as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger is again sent to the spare compressor, whereby the spare compressor and the refrigerant heat exchange And a refrigerant cycle of a closed loop connecting the refrigerant pressure reducing device to the refrigerant heat exchanger.
  5. 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 있어서,The method according to claim 1 or 2,
    상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축되어 상기 냉매열교환기 및 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과한 후, 상기 냉매열교환기의 냉매로 사용된 상기 제2 유체는, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스와 합류되는, 선박.The second fluid used as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger after being compressed by the redundant compressor and passed through the refrigerant heat exchanger and the refrigerant pressure reducing device passes through the evaporative gas heat exchanger after being discharged from the storage tank. A vessel joined with an evaporating gas.
  6. 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 있어서,The method according to claim 1 or 2,
    상기 제1 유체와 상기 제2 유체를 연통시키는 라인 상에 설치되는 밸브를 더 포함하고,And a valve installed on a line for communicating the first fluid and the second fluid.
    상기 밸브는, 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스를 합류 또는 분리시키도록 개폐되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 선박.And the valve is opened and closed to join or separate the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor.
  7. 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 있어서,The method according to claim 1 or 2,
    상기 냉매감압장치는 팽창기이고, 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과하기 직전의 유체 및 통과한 직후의 유체는 기체상인, 선박.And the refrigerant reducing device is an expander, and the fluid immediately before passing through the refrigerant reducing device and the fluid immediately after passing are gaseous.
  8. 액화가스를 저장하는 저장탱크를 포함하는 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템에 있어서,In the boil-off gas treatment system including a storage tank for storing liquefied gas,
    상기 저장탱크로부터 배출되는 증발가스의 일부를 압축기에 의해 압축시킨 후 연료수요처로 보내는 제1 공급라인;A first supply line compressing a part of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank by a compressor and then sending it to a fuel demand destination;
    상기 제1 공급라인으로부터 분기되어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출되는 증발가스의 다른 일부를 여분압축기에 의해 압축시키는 제2 공급라인;A second supply line branched from the first supply line to compress another portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank by an extra compressor;
    상기 제1 공급라인으로부터 분기되어, 압축된 증발가스를 증발가스 열교환기, 냉매열교환기, 및 제1 감압장치를 통과시켜 재액화시키는 복귀라인;A return line branched from the first supply line to reliquefy the compressed boil-off gas through an boil-off gas heat exchanger, a refrigerant heat exchanger, and a first pressure reducing device;
    상기 냉매열교환기 및 냉매감압장치를 통과하며 냉각된 증발가스를 다시 상기 냉매열교환기로 보내 냉매로 사용하도록 한 후, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스와 합류시키는 재순환라인;A recirculation line passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger and the refrigerant pressure reducing device and sending the cooled boil-off gas back to the refrigerant heat exchanger for use as a refrigerant, and then joining the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank;
    상기 냉매감압장치 및 상기 냉매열교환기 하류의 재순환라인과, 상기 여분압축기 상류의 제2 공급라인 사이를 연결하는 제1 추가라인;A first additional line connecting between the refrigerant reducing device and the recirculation line downstream of the refrigerant heat exchanger and a second supply line upstream of the redundant compressor;
    상기 제1 추가라인과, 상기 압축기 상류의 제1 공급라인을 연결하는 제2 추가라인;A second additional line connecting the first additional line and a first supply line upstream of the compressor;
    상기 압축기 하류의 제1 공급라인과, 상기 여분압축기 하류의 상기 제2 공급라인을 연결하는 제3 추가라인;A third additional line connecting the first supply line downstream of the compressor and the second supply line downstream of the redundant compressor;
    상기 압축기 하류의 제1 공급라인과, 상기 냉매열교환기 및 상기 냉매감압장치 상류의 재순환라인을 연결하는 제4 추가라인; 및A fourth additional line connecting the first supply line downstream of the compressor and the recirculation line upstream of the refrigerant heat exchanger and the refrigerant pressure reducing device; And
    상기 여분압축기 하류의 제2 공급라인과, 상기 증발가스 열교환기 상류의 복귀라인을 연결하는 제5 추가라인;을 포함하고,And a fifth additional line connecting a second supply line downstream of the redundant compressor and a return line upstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger.
    상기 증발가스 열교환기는, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스를 냉매로 하여, 상기 복귀라인을 따라 공급되는 증발가스를 열교환시켜 냉각시키고,The boil-off gas heat exchanger uses the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank as a refrigerant, and heats and cools the boil-off gas supplied along the return line.
    상기 냉매열교환기는, 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과한 증발가스를 냉매로 하여, 상기 재순환라인을 따라 공급되는 증발가스; 및 상기 복귀라인을 따라 공급되는 증발가스;를 둘 다 열교환시켜 냉각시키는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.The refrigerant heat exchanger may include: an evaporated gas supplied along the recirculation line using the evaporated gas passed through the refrigerant reducing device as a refrigerant; And boil-off gas supplied along the return line.
  9. 청구항 8에 있어서,The method according to claim 8,
    상기 압축기 상류의 상기 제1 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제1 밸브;A first valve installed on the first supply line upstream of the compressor;
    상기 압축기 하류의 상기 제1 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제2 밸브;A second valve installed on the first supply line downstream of the compressor;
    상기 여분압축기 상류의 상기 제2 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제3 밸브;A third valve installed on the second supply line upstream of the redundant compressor;
    상기 여분압축기 하류의 상기 제2 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제4 밸브;A fourth valve installed on the second supply line downstream of the redundant compressor;
    상기 증발가스 열교환기 상류의 상기 복귀라인 상에 설치되는 제5 밸브;A fifth valve installed on the return line upstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger;
    상기 냉매감압장치 및 상기 냉매열교환기 상류의 상기 재순환라인에 설치되는 제6 밸브;A sixth valve installed in the recirculation line upstream of the refrigerant pressure reducing device and the refrigerant heat exchanger;
    상기 냉매감압장치 및 상기 냉매열교환기 하류의 상기 재순환라인에 설치되는 제9 밸브;A ninth valve installed in the recirculation line downstream of the refrigerant reducing device and the refrigerant heat exchanger;
    상기 제1 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제10 밸브;A tenth valve installed on the first additional line;
    상기 제2 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제12 밸브;A twelfth valve installed on the second additional line;
    상기 제3 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제13 밸브;A thirteenth valve installed on the third additional line;
    상기 제4 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제14 밸브; 및A fourteenth valve installed on the fourth additional line; And
    상기 제5 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제15 밸브;A fifteenth valve installed on the fifth additional line;
    를 더 포함하는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.Further comprising, the boil off gas treatment system.
  10. 청구항 9에 있어서,The method according to claim 9,
    상기 연료수요처 상류 및 상기 제2 공급라인 하류의 상기 제1 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제11 밸브를 더 포함하는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.And an eleventh valve installed on the first supply line upstream of the fuel demand and downstream of the second supply line.
  11. 청구항 9 또는 청구항 10에 있어서,The method according to claim 9 or 10,
    상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제10 밸브는 열고, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제9 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제13 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 닫은 상태에서 시스템을 구동시키고,The first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the tenth valve are opened, and the fourth valve, the ninth valve, the twelfth valve, and the first valve are opened. The thirteenth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve drive the system in a closed state;
    증발가스가 상기 여분압축기로 공급되면 상기 제3 밸브를 닫아, 증발가스가 상기 여분압축기, 상기 제6 밸브, 상기 냉매열교환기, 상기 냉매감압장치, 다시 상기 냉매열교환기, 및 상기 제10 밸브를 순환하는, 폐루프의 냉매 사이클을 형성시키는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템. When the boil-off gas is supplied to the spare compressor, the third valve is closed so that the boil-off gas supplies the spare compressor, the sixth valve, the refrigerant heat exchanger, the refrigerant pressure reducing device, the refrigerant heat exchanger, and the tenth valve. A system for treating a boil-off gas for circulating a refrigerant loop in a closed loop.
  12. 청구항 11에 있어서,The method according to claim 11,
    상기 압축기가 고장난 경우, 상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제10 밸브는 닫고, 상기 제3 밸브 및 상기 제4 밸브는 열어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스가, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 여분압축기, 및 상기 제4 밸브를 거쳐 연료수요처로 공급되는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템. When the compressor is broken, the first valve, the second valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the tenth valve are closed, and the third valve and the fourth valve are opened, and from the storage tank. And a boil-off gas passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger after being discharged is supplied to a fuel demand through the third valve, the spare compressor, and the fourth valve.
  13. 청구항 9 또는 청구항 10에 있어서,The method according to claim 9 or 10,
    상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 열고, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 상기 제9 밸브, 상기 제10 밸브, 및 상기 제13 밸브는 닫은 상태에서 시스템을 구동시키고,The first valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the twelfth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve are opened, and the second valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the fifth valve are opened. The ninth valve, the tenth valve, and the thirteenth valve drive the system in a closed state,
    증발가스가 상기 압축기로 공급되면, 상기 제1 밸브를 닫아, 증발가스가 상기 압축기, 상기 제14 밸브, 상기 냉매열교환기, 상기 냉매감압장치, 다시 상기 냉매열교환기, 및 상기 제12 밸브를 순환하는, 폐루프의 냉매 사이클을 형성시키는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.When the boil-off gas is supplied to the compressor, the first valve is closed so that the boil-off gas circulates through the compressor, the fourteenth valve, the refrigerant heat exchanger, the refrigerant pressure reducing device, the refrigerant heat exchanger, and the twelfth valve. A system for treating a boil-off gas for forming a closed loop refrigerant cycle.
  14. 청구항 13에 있어서,The method according to claim 13,
    상기 여분압축기가 고장난 경우, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 닫고, 상기 제1 밸브 및 상기 제2 밸브는 열어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스가, 상기 제1 밸브, 상기 압축기, 및 상기 제2 밸브를 거쳐 연료수요처로 공급되는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.When the spare compressor is broken, the third valve, the fourth valve, the twelfth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve are closed, and the first valve and the second valve are opened to open the storage tank. And a boil-off gas passed from the boil-off gas heat exchanger after passing through the boil-off gas is supplied to a fuel demand through the first valve, the compressor, and the second valve.
  15. 청구항 9 또는 청구항 10에 있어서,The method according to claim 9 or 10,
    상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 상기 제9 밸브, 및 상기 제13 밸브는 열고, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제10 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 닫아,The first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, the ninth valve, and the thirteenth valve are opened, and the fourth valve, the tenth valve, and the fifth valve are opened. The 12th valve, the 14th valve, and the 15th valve are closed,
    상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 합류되어 운용되는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.The boil-off gas treatment system of the ship is operated by combining the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor.
  16. 청구항 15에 있어서,The method according to claim 15,
    상기 압축기가 고장난 경우, 상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제9 밸브를 닫아, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스가, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 여분압축기, 상기 제13 밸브, 및 상기 제2 밸브를 거쳐 연료수요처로 공급되는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.When the compressor fails, the third valve is closed by closing the first valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the ninth valve, and having passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger after being discharged from the storage tank. And a redundant compressor, the thirteenth valve, and the second valve, which are supplied to a fuel demand destination.
  17. 청구항 9 또는 청구항 10에 있어서,The method according to claim 9 or 10,
    상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제9 밸브는 열고, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제10 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제13 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 닫아,The first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the ninth valve are opened, and the fourth valve, the tenth valve, the twelfth valve, and the ninth valve are opened. The thirteenth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve,
    상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 분리되어 운용되는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.A boil-off gas treatment system of a ship in which the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor are separated and operated.
  18. 청구항 17에 있어서,The method according to claim 17,
    상기 압축기가 고장난 경우, 상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제9 밸브를 닫고, 상기 제13 밸브를 열어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스가, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 여분압축기, 상기 제13 밸브, 및 상기 제2 밸브를 거쳐 연료수요처로 공급되는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.When the compressor is broken, the first valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the ninth valve are closed, the thirteenth valve is opened, and discharged from the storage tank to pass through the evaporative gas heat exchanger. An evaporation gas treatment system for a ship, wherein boil-off gas is supplied to a fuel demand via the third valve, the spare compressor, the thirteenth valve, and the second valve.
  19. 액화가스 저장탱크로부터 배출되는 증발가스를 둘로 분기시켜, 상기 분기된 두 흐름의 증발가스를 압축기 또는 여분압축기에 의해 압축시키고,By distilling the boil-off gas discharged from the liquefied gas storage tank in two, and compressing the two branched stream of the boil-off gas by a compressor or extra compressor
    상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스 및 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스 중 적어도 하나 이상을, 연료수요처로 보내거나, 재액화시켜 상기 저장탱크로 복귀시키거나(이하, ‘복귀 증발가스’라고 한다.), 재순환시키고(이하, ‘재순환 증발가스’라고 한다.),At least one or more of the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the redundant compressor is sent to the fuel demand, or re-liquefied to be returned to the storage tank (hereinafter referred to as 'return boil-off gas'). .), Recycle (hereinafter referred to as 'recycled evaporation gas'),
    상기 복귀 증발가스는, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스와 열교환되어 냉각된 후, 상기 재순환 증발가스와 열교환되어 추가적으로 냉각되고,The return boil-off gas is heat-exchanged with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank and then cooled, and further heat-exchanged with the recycle boil-off gas,
    상기 재순환 증발가스는, 냉각 및 팽창된 후 상기 복귀 증발가스와 열교환되는, 방법. And said recycle boil-off gas is heat-exchanged with said return boil-off gas after cooling and expanding.
  20. 청구항 19에 있어서,The method according to claim 19,
    상기 압축기 하류 라인과 상기 여분압축기 하류 라인이 연결되어, 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스는, 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 합류되는, 방법.The compressor downstream line and the extra compressor downstream line are coupled so that the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor is joined with the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor.
PCT/KR2016/003541 2015-06-02 2016-04-05 Ship WO2016195229A1 (en)

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CN201680045324.4A CN107848607B (en) 2015-06-02 2016-04-05 Ship, and system and method for processing boil-off gas of ship
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