WO2016191967A1 - 一种信道接入方法及站点 - Google Patents

一种信道接入方法及站点 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016191967A1
WO2016191967A1 PCT/CN2015/080375 CN2015080375W WO2016191967A1 WO 2016191967 A1 WO2016191967 A1 WO 2016191967A1 CN 2015080375 W CN2015080375 W CN 2015080375W WO 2016191967 A1 WO2016191967 A1 WO 2016191967A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channel
identifier
sta
backoff
channel identifier
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PCT/CN2015/080375
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李彦淳
李云波
蓝洲
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2015/080375 priority Critical patent/WO2016191967A1/zh
Publication of WO2016191967A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016191967A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a channel access method and a station.
  • each station transmits signals to other STAs through spectrum resources. If a STA can receive and transmit signals simultaneously in a communication system, the communication system is referred to as a full duplex system.
  • the signal sent by the STA may interfere with the signal received by itself, and the interference cancellation of the STA is required, which increases the cost.
  • the signal transmission is performed by using a half-duplex system, that is, the STA can time-division access, that is, the signal is transmitted for a period of time, and is switched to the received signal for another period of time.
  • a group of STAs communicating with each other is called a basic service set (BSS), and one BSS can be used as a cell in each BSS.
  • BSS basic service set
  • One STA is an Access Point (AP), and other STAs are connected to an external network through the AP.
  • AP Access Point
  • Each STA in the BSS can use one unit bandwidth for basic channel granularity for channel access. When the STA can use multiple unit bandwidths, the STA can select part of the unit bandwidth for channel access.
  • the BSS is called a multi-channel system. In a multi-channel system, an AP specifies a unit bandwidth as the primary channel, and the remaining unit bandwidth is the secondary channel.
  • the STA when the STA does not send a data packet, the STA performs virtual carrier sensing and physical carrier sensing on the primary channel, and performs physical carrier sensing on the secondary channel.
  • the virtual carrier sensing process is: when the primary channel is transmitting a physical protocol data unit (PPDU), the STA acquires the sender and the receiver of the PPDU according to the preamble included in the PPDU.
  • PPDU physical protocol data unit
  • the STA Determining that the AP in the BSS to which the STA belongs is the sender/receiver of the PPDU, determining that the status of the primary channel is busy, otherwise determining that the status of the primary channel is idle, and after determining that the status of the primary channel is busy, the STA will perform Treatment to avoid receiving the STA because the AP is in the transmitting state.
  • the signal, or the AP is in receiving the PPDU sent by other STAs, and cannot receive the signal of the STA; the process of detecting the physical carrier is: detecting the signal strength or the time domain cyclic characteristic factor of the preamble on each channel, if a channel If the signal strength or the time domain cyclic characteristic factor of the preamble is higher than the set threshold, it is determined that the state of the channel is busy, otherwise the state of the channel is determined to be idle.
  • a single channel access and backoff rule is generally used, that is, a specific channel (primary channel) is selected for backoff decision, that is, the virtual channel sensing and physical carrier sensing are performed on the primary channel, and the STA After determining the data sent to the target AP in the BSS to which the STA belongs, determining that the primary channel is occupied by the PPDU, the status is busy, and determining that the AP in the BSS to which the STA belongs is the sender/receiver of the PPDU, generating Random backoff value, and continue to perform physical carrier sensing on the primary channel.
  • a specific channel primary channel
  • the backoff value does not change; if it is determined that the state of the primary channel is idle, the backoff value is decreased by one unit value until When the backoff value is 0, the STA performs data transmission on the target AP.
  • the STA attempts to access the channel and sends data to the AP1.
  • the AP1 since the status of the primary channel is busy, the AP1 is transmitting the PPDU1. Therefore, the PPDU1 sent by the AP1 interferes with the data sent by the STA to the AP1, and the AP1 cannot be enabled. Receive data sent by the STA.
  • the STA misjudges the state of the channel, resulting in preemption of the channel, thereby causing the transmitted data to be interfered, and reducing the accuracy of data transmission.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a channel access method and a station, which are used to solve the problem that the STA existing in the prior art misjudges the state of the channel, thereby causing the channel to be preempted, thereby causing the transmitted data to be interfered and reducing the data transmission accuracy.
  • the problem is a channel access method and a station, which are used to solve the problem that the STA existing in the prior art misjudges the state of the channel, thereby causing the channel to be preempted, thereby causing the transmitted data to be interfered and reducing the data transmission accuracy.
  • a channel access method includes:
  • the station STA receives the AP indication information sent by the first access point AP in the first basic service set BSS to which the STA belongs, and the AP indication information carries at least one channel identifier.
  • the STA After the STA generates the data to be sent sent to the first AP, the STA listens to the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier.
  • the STA After detecting the preamble of the physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, the STA decodes the preamble of the physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, obtains the BSS identifier included in the preamble, and measures the preamble. Signal strength of the code;
  • the STA sends the to-be-sent data to the first AP according to the obtained BSS identifier and the signal strength of the preamble.
  • the sending, by the STA, the data to be sent to the first AP according to the obtained BSS identifier and the signal strength of the preamble includes:
  • the STA After determining that the obtained BSS identifier is the same as the BSS identifier of the first BSS, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than a set first signal strength threshold, the STA performs data reception and completes data reception. After the backoff is performed, the data to be sent is sent to the first AP based on the channel corresponding to the at least one channel identifier, and the first signal strength threshold is a signal for avoiding signal interference in the BSS. Strength experience value; or
  • the STA After determining that the obtained BSS identifier is different from the BSS identifier of the first BSS, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than a set second signal strength threshold, the STA performs backoff, and after the backoff is completed, based on the Transmitting the to-be-transmitted data to the first AP by using a channel corresponding to the at least one channel identifier, where the second signal strength threshold is an empirical value of a signal strength that avoids signal interference between the BSSs.
  • the method further includes:
  • the STA performs data reception, including:
  • data reception is performed based on the payload in the PPDU.
  • the method further includes:
  • the STA measures a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier.
  • the interference signal parameter determines the state of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier according to the measured interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier; determining the state of the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is When busy, generating a backoff count value, wherein the interference signal parameter is any one or combination of interference power strength, signal energy, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol cycle characteristics; or
  • the STA measures an interference signal parameter of the primary channel, according to the measured interference of the primary channel.
  • a signal parameter determining a state of the primary channel; generating a backoff count value when determining that the state of the primary channel is busy, wherein the interference signal parameter is any one of interference power strength, signal energy, and OFDM symbol cycle characteristics or Combination; or
  • the STA generates a backoff count value when it is determined that the obtained BSS identifier is the same as the BSS identifier of the first BSS, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than a set first signal strength threshold; or
  • the STA generates a backoff count value when it is determined that the obtained BSS identifier is different from the BSS identifier of the first BSS, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than a set second signal strength threshold.
  • the determining, by the STA, the channel identifier according to the measured interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier Know the status of the corresponding channel including:
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is greater than a set threshold corresponding to the item, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is idle ;
  • Determining the state of the primary channel according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel including:
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the primary channel is greater than a corresponding set threshold of the item, determining that the status of the primary channel is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the primary channel is idle.
  • the STA and the first AP do not agree to one channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier.
  • the STA performs the backoff and the backoff is completed, including:
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is continuously measured, and the channel identifier is corresponding according to the measured
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel determines the state of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed;
  • the STA and the first AP appoint a channel corresponding to one channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier as the primary channel, the STA performs the backoff and the backoff is completed, including:
  • the backoff count value decreases to set the backoff self-decrement value, and a new backoff count value is generated; and the interference signal parameter of the primary channel is continuously measured periodically.
  • the state of the primary channel is determined according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed.
  • the AP indication information further carries at least one monitoring channel information, where each monitoring channel information
  • the monitoring channel includes a monitoring channel, a frequency band in which the monitoring channel is located, and a priority of the monitoring channel.
  • the monitoring channels in each monitoring information have different priorities, and the monitoring channels in each monitoring information have different frequency bands.
  • the performing, by the STA, the at least one channel corresponding to the channel information including:
  • the lowest priority is selected as the first priority
  • the monitoring channels with higher priority than the first priority are selected.
  • Each monitored channel is intercepted, and the interception result is used as a listening result of a channel in a frequency band in which the monitoring channel is located.
  • a channel access method includes:
  • the station STA receives the AP indication information sent by the first access point AP in the first basic service set BSS to which the STA belongs, and the AP indication information carries at least one channel identifier.
  • the STA After the STA generates the data to be sent sent to the first AP, the STA listens to the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier.
  • the STA After detecting the preamble of the physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, the STA decodes the preamble of the physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, and obtains the receiver address and the sender address included in the preamble; And measuring a signal strength of the preamble;
  • the STA is strong according to the obtained receiver address and sender address and the signal of the preamble And sending the to-be-sent data to the first AP.
  • the STA sends the to-be-sent data to the first AP according to the obtained receiver address and the sender address and the signal strength of the preamble ,include:
  • the STA When it is determined that the obtained address of the receiver and the address of the sender include the address of the STA or the address of the first AP, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than a set first signal strength threshold, the STA performs Data is received, and after the data is received, the backoff is performed. After the backoff is completed, the to-be-sent data is sent to the first AP according to the channel corresponding to the at least one channel identifier, where the first signal strength threshold is Signal strength empirical value to avoid signal interference within the BSS; or
  • the STA sends the to-be-sent data to the first AP according to the channel corresponding to the at least one channel identifier, where the second signal strength threshold is to avoid signal interference between the BSSs.
  • Signal strength empirical value
  • the method further includes:
  • the STA performs data reception, including:
  • data reception is performed based on the payload in the PPDU.
  • the method further includes:
  • the STA measures a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier.
  • the interference signal parameter determining the state of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier according to the measured interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier; determining the at least one letter
  • the backoff count value is generated when the state of the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the track identifier is busy, wherein the interference signal parameter is any one of interference power strength, signal energy, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol cycle characteristics. Or combination; or
  • the STA measures an interference signal parameter of the primary channel, according to the measured interference of the primary channel.
  • a signal parameter determining a state of the primary channel; generating a backoff count value when determining that the state of the primary channel is busy, wherein the interference signal parameter is any one of interference power strength, signal energy, and OFDM symbol cycle characteristics or Combination; or
  • the STA is generated when the received address of the STA or the address of the first AP is included in the received receiver address and the sender address, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than the set first signal strength threshold.
  • Backoff count value or
  • the STA When it is determined that the obtained address of the receiver and the address of the sender do not include the address of the STA, and the address of the first AP is not included, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than the set second signal strength threshold, The STA generates a backoff count value.
  • the determining, by the STA, the state of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier according to the measured interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier include:
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is greater than a set threshold corresponding to the item, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is idle ;
  • Determining the state of the primary channel according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel including:
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the primary channel is greater than a corresponding set threshold of the item, determining that the status of the primary channel is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the primary channel is idle.
  • the STA and the first AP do not agree to one channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier.
  • the STA performs the backoff and the backoff is completed, including:
  • the interference signal parameter determines the state of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier according to the measured interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier;
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is continuously measured, and the channel identifier is corresponding according to the measured
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel determines the state of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed;
  • the STA and the first AP appoint a channel corresponding to one channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier as the primary channel, the STA performs the backoff and the backoff is completed, including:
  • the backoff count value decreases to set the backoff self-decrement value, and a new backoff count value is generated; and the interference signal parameter of the primary channel is continuously measured periodically.
  • the state of the primary channel is determined according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed.
  • the AP indication information further carries at least one monitoring channel information, where each monitoring channel information
  • the monitoring channel includes a monitoring channel, a frequency band in which the monitoring channel is located, and a priority of the monitoring channel.
  • the monitoring channels in each monitoring information have different priorities, and the monitoring channels in each monitoring information have different frequency bands.
  • the STA by using the channel information, the at least one channel, includes:
  • the lowest priority is selected as the first priority
  • the monitoring channels with higher priority than the first priority are selected.
  • Each monitored channel is intercepted, and the interception result is used as a listening result of a channel in a frequency band in which the monitoring channel is located.
  • a site includes:
  • a communication unit configured to receive the AP indication information sent by the first access point AP in the first basic service set BSS to which the STA is located, where the AP indication information carries at least one channel identifier;
  • a listening unit configured to listen to a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier after generating data to be sent sent to the first AP;
  • a processing unit configured to: after the preamble of the physical layer protocol data unit PPDU is detected on the channel corresponding to the identifier of any one of the channels, the preamble is decoded to obtain the BSS identifier included in the preamble; The signal strength of the preamble;
  • the communication unit is further configured to send the to-be-sent data to the first AP according to the obtained BSS identifier and a signal strength of the preamble.
  • the communication unit is configured to:
  • the to-be-transmitted data is sent to the first AP based on the channel corresponding to the at least one channel identifier, where the first signal strength threshold is an empirical value of the signal strength to avoid signal interference in the BSS. ;
  • the obtained BSS identifier is different from the BSS identifier of the first BSS, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than the set second signal strength threshold, performing backoff, after the backoff is completed, based on the at least one
  • the channel corresponding to the channel identifier sends the to-be-transmitted data to the first AP
  • the second signal strength threshold is an empirical value of a signal strength that avoids signal interference between the BSSs.
  • the processing unit is further configured to:
  • the communication unit is configured to:
  • data reception is performed based on the payload in the PPDU.
  • the method further includes:
  • a generating unit configured to generate a backoff count value before the communication unit performs backoff after the listening unit generates the data to be sent sent to the first AP;
  • the generating unit is configured to: when generating a backoff count value:
  • an interference signal of a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier when the STA and the first AP do not advertise a channel corresponding to a channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier as a primary channel.
  • a parameter determining, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier, a state of a channel corresponding to the channel identifier; and determining that a state of a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is busy, Generating a backoff count value, wherein the interference signal parameter is any one or combination of interference power strength, signal energy, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol cycle characteristics; or
  • the STA and the first AP appoint a channel corresponding to a channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier as a primary channel, measuring an interference signal parameter of the primary channel, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel, Determining a state of the primary channel; generating a backoff count value when determining that the state of the primary channel is busy, wherein the interference signal parameter is any one or combination of interference power strength, signal energy, and OFDM symbol cycle characteristics; or
  • the generating unit determines, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier, a channel corresponding to the channel identifier When used, for:
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is greater than a set threshold corresponding to the item, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is idle ;
  • the generating unit is configured to: when determining the state of the primary channel according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel,
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the primary channel is greater than a corresponding set threshold of the item, determining that the status of the primary channel is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the primary channel is idle.
  • the STA and the first AP do not agree to one channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier.
  • the communication unit is used to:
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is continuously measured, and the channel identifier is corresponding according to the measured
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel determines the state of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed;
  • the communication unit when performing backoff, is configured to:
  • the backoff count value decreases to set the backoff self-decrement value, and a new backoff count value is generated; and the interference signal parameter of the primary channel is continuously measured periodically.
  • the state of the primary channel is determined according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed.
  • the AP indication information further carries at least one monitoring channel information, where each monitoring channel information
  • the monitoring channel includes a monitoring channel, a frequency band in which the monitoring channel is located, and a priority of the monitoring channel.
  • the monitoring channels in each monitoring information have different priorities, and the monitoring channels in each monitoring information have different frequency bands.
  • the listening unit is configured to:
  • the lowest priority is selected as the first priority
  • the monitoring channels with higher priority than the first priority are selected.
  • Each monitored channel is intercepted, and the interception result is used as a listening result of a channel in a frequency band in which the monitoring channel is located.
  • a site includes:
  • a communication unit configured to receive the AP indication information sent by the first access point AP in the first basic service set BSS to which the STA is located, where the AP indication information carries at least one channel identifier;
  • a listening unit configured to listen to a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier after generating data to be sent sent to the first AP;
  • a processing unit configured to: after the preamble of the physical layer protocol data unit PPDU is detected on the channel corresponding to any one of the channel identifiers, the preamble is decoded to obtain the receiver address and the sender included in the preamble Address; and measuring the signal strength of the preamble;
  • the communication unit is further configured to send the to-be-sent data to the first AP according to the obtained receiver address and the sender address and the signal strength of the preamble.
  • the communication unit is configured to:
  • the backoff is performed. After the backoff is completed, the to-be-transmitted data is sent to the first AP according to the channel corresponding to the at least one channel identifier, where the first signal strength threshold is in the BSS. Signal strength empirical value to avoid signal interference; or
  • the processing unit is further configured to:
  • the communication unit is configured to:
  • data reception is performed based on the payload in the PPDU.
  • the method further includes:
  • a generating unit configured to generate a backoff count value before the communication unit performs backoff after the listening unit generates the data to be sent sent to the first AP;
  • the generating unit is configured to: when generating a backoff count value:
  • an interference signal of a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier when the STA and the first AP do not advertise a channel corresponding to a channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier as a primary channel.
  • a parameter determining, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier, a state of a channel corresponding to the channel identifier; and determining that a state of a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is busy, Generating a backoff count value, wherein the interference signal parameter is any one or combination of interference power strength, signal energy, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol cycle characteristics; or
  • the STA and the first AP appoint a channel corresponding to a channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier as a primary channel, measuring an interference signal parameter of the primary channel, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel, Determining a state of the primary channel; generating a backoff count value when determining that the state of the primary channel is busy, wherein the interference signal parameter is any one or combination of interference power strength, signal energy, and OFDM symbol cycle characteristics; or
  • the generating unit determines, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier, a channel corresponding to the channel identifier When used, for:
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is greater than a set threshold corresponding to the item, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is idle ;
  • the generating unit is configured to: when determining the state of the primary channel according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel,
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the primary channel is greater than a corresponding set threshold of the item, determining that the status of the primary channel is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the primary channel is idle.
  • the STA and the first AP do not appoint one channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier
  • the communication unit is used to:
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is continuously measured, and the channel identifier is corresponding according to the measured
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel determines the state of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed;
  • the communication unit when performing backoff, is configured to:
  • the backoff count value decreases to set the backoff self-decrement value, and a new backoff count value is generated; and the interference signal parameter of the primary channel is continuously measured periodically.
  • the state of the primary channel is determined according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed.
  • the AP indication information further carries at least one monitoring channel information, where each monitoring channel information includes a monitoring channel, a frequency band where the monitoring channel is located, a priority of the monitoring channel, and each monitoring information.
  • the monitoring channels have different priorities, and the monitoring channels in each monitoring information have different frequency bands.
  • the listening unit is configured to:
  • the lowest priority is selected as the first priority
  • the monitoring channels with higher priority than the first priority are selected.
  • Each monitored channel is intercepted, and the interception result is used as a listening result of a channel in a frequency band in which the monitoring channel is located.
  • the STA receives at least one channel identifier in the first AP indication information of the first BSS, and listens to the channel corresponding to each channel identifier, and listens to the preamble of the PPDU on any channel.
  • the code according to the BSS identifier included in the preamble, or the receiver address and the sender address, and the channel strength of the preamble, the data to be sent is sent to the first AP, and the accuracy of the channel state can be accurately improved. Therefore, the probability of the STA preempting the channel conflict is reduced, the transmitted data is prevented from being interfered, and the data transmission accuracy and the channel access efficiency are improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a channel access method provided by the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a BSS according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a channel access method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first channel access according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second channel access according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a channel bonding mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a physical structure of an STA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of another channel access method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a third channel access according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a fourth channel access according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a STA performing transition in each state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a timer 1 configuration and state transition of a channel occupation time according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a configuration and state transition of a timer 1a for channel occupation time according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a configuration and state transition of a timer 1b for channel occupation time according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a timer 2 configuration and state transition of a channel occupation time according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a STA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of another STA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 is a structural diagram of an STA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 19 is a structural diagram of another STA according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a channel access method and a STA, which are used to solve the problem that the STA existing in the prior art misjudges the state of the channel, thereby causing the channel to be preempted, and thus the transmitted data is interfered. Reduce the problem of data transmission accuracy.
  • the method and the device are based on the same inventive concept. Since the principles of the method and the device for solving the problem are similar, the implementation of the device and the method can be referred to each other, and the repeated description is not repeated.
  • the STA performs virtual carrier sensing and physical carrier sensing on the primary channel, and misjudges the status of the primary channel.
  • the status of the primary channel is busy, the status of the primary channel is determined according to the foregoing interception result. If the STA is idle, the STA sends data to the AP, so that the data being transmitted by the primary channel interferes with the data sent by the STA to the AP, which reduces the accuracy of the data transmission.
  • the STA generates the belonging to the AP.
  • the multiple channels indicated by the first AP are intercepted, and after the preamble of the PPDU is detected in any channel that is listening, the The preamble is decoded to obtain a BSS identifier included in the preamble (ie, the physical layer packet header), or the receiver address and the sender address, and the signal strength of the preamble is measured; finally, according to the obtained BSS identifier and the preamble
  • the signal strength of the code, or according to the obtained receiver address and sender address, and the signal strength of the preamble the data to be transmitted is sent to the first AP, such that, according to the preamble
  • the included BSS identifier, or the receiver address and the sender address, and the signal strength of the preamble can improve the accuracy of the channel state judgment, thereby reducing the probability that the STA preempts the channel to generate a collision, and avoids causing the transmitted data to be Interference improves the accuracy of data transmission and the efficiency
  • a BSS architecture includes an AP 201, and at least one STA 202, where the AP 201 Wireless communication is with the STA 202.
  • the AP 201 is also referred to as a wireless access point or a bridge or a hotspot, and can access a server or a communication network.
  • the STA 202 exchanges communication data such as voice and video with the access server or the communication network through the AP 201.
  • the STA 202 may be a wireless sensor, a wireless communication terminal, or a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone supporting Wireless Fidelity (WIFI) communication function, a computer having wireless communication function, and the like.
  • WIFI Wireless Fidelity
  • a channel access method provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be, but is not limited to, used in a WLAN network, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, or a Long Term Evolution Unlicensed System (LTE-U).
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-U Long Term Evolution Unlicensed System
  • Step 301 The STA receives an AP indication sent by the first access point AP in the first BSS to which the STA belongs, and the AP indication information carries at least one channel identifier.
  • the first AP sends the AP indication information corresponding to the STA to each STA in the first BSS to which the STA belongs, and the AP indication information includes the channel identifier of the at least one channel involved in the transmission.
  • the STA performs data transmission according to the channel involved in the transmission of the received AP indication information.
  • Step 302 After the STA generates the data to be sent sent to the first AP, the STA listens to the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier.
  • the data to be sent is a data packet or signaling, such as a request to send (RTS), a clear to send (CTS), an association request, a bandwidth request, and the like.
  • RTS request to send
  • CTS clear to send
  • association request a bandwidth request, and the like.
  • the physical carrier sensing may include one or more of signal energy detection and cyclic characteristic detection of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.
  • An OFDM symbol such as a Very High Throughput PPDU (VHT PPDU) or a High Efficiency PPDU (HE PPDU) includes a Cyclic Prefix (CP), which has a cyclic repetition characteristic in time.
  • the STA may continuously perform channel interception on each channel involved in the transmission, or perform interception in a non-data transmission state, or perform interception in a non-data reception and non-preamble reception state.
  • the method further includes: generating a backoff count value.
  • the STA may generate the backoff count value according to the following conditions:
  • a first condition when the STA and the first AP do not advertise a channel corresponding to a channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier as a primary channel, measure an interference signal of a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier. Determining, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier, determining a state of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier; determining the at least one channel identifier The backoff count value is generated when the status of the channel corresponding to each channel identifier is busy, wherein the interference signal parameter is any one or combination of interference power strength, signal energy, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol cycle characteristics; or
  • a second condition when the STA and the first AP advertise a channel corresponding to a channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier as a primary channel, measuring an interference signal parameter of the primary channel, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel, Determining a state of the primary channel; generating a backoff count value when determining that the state of the primary channel is busy, wherein the interference signal parameter is any one or combination of interference power strength, signal energy, and OFDM symbol cycle characteristics; or
  • a third condition generating a backoff count value when determining that the obtained BSS identifier is the same as the BSS identifier of the first BSS, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than the set first signal strength threshold; or
  • the fourth condition is: generating a backoff count value when it is determined that the obtained BSS identifier is different from the BSS identifier of the first BSS, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than the set second signal strength threshold.
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is greater than a set threshold corresponding to the item, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is idle ;
  • Determining the state of the primary channel according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel including:
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the primary channel is greater than a corresponding set threshold of the item, determining that the status of the primary channel is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the primary channel is idle.
  • the primary channel agreed by the STA and the first AP is used to transmit a control frame and a management frame.
  • the generating the backoff count value further includes: the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is in a preamble receiving state, that is, the channel involved in the transmission may be occupied, and the first AP may perform data transmission to generate a backoff count. value.
  • the method further includes: obtaining a first duration of the occupied channel included in the preamble.
  • the STA sets a timer for the channel occupation time according to the first duration. Time taken on the channel When the timer is in the non-idle state, it indicates that the channel or the first AP is busy, and the backoff is stopped until the timer of the channel occupation timeout expires. At this time, the idle state is converted, and the backoff can be performed, and when the backoff is completed, the channel is connected. In.
  • the timer of the channel occupation time is also a non-idle state.
  • the backoff count value is used by the STA to perform backoff. After the unit backoff time, the backoff self-decrement value is determined, and the current backoff count value is subtracted from the backoff self-decrement value to generate a new backoff count value until the backoff count value is determined to be 0.
  • the STA can send the to-be-sent data to the first AP, and the back-off self-decrement value can be a preset unit self-decrement value, or determined according to the actual scene at the current time.
  • the method for determining the back-off self-decrement value according to the actual scene at the current moment includes:
  • the number of channels in the idle state that is detected at the current time is taken as the backoff self-decrement value.
  • Step 303 After detecting the preamble of the PPDU, the STA decodes the preamble of the PPDU, obtains the BSS identifier included in the preamble, and measures the signal strength of the preamble.
  • the transmission time information may be a single PPDU transmission duration or a duration required for the interaction of multiple PPDUs between the STAs.
  • the network allocation vector (NAV) information may be included in the NAV information. The length of time that the PPDU is occupied by the channel. The STA sets a timer for the channel occupation time according to the first duration.
  • the BSS identifier included in the preamble of the PPDU is the BSS identifier of the BSS to which the STA or the AP that sends the PPDU belongs.
  • the BSS identifier may be a bit sequence generated by the MAC address of the AP to identify the BSS, or may be a bit sequence randomly selected by the AP to identify the BSS, or the AP may be selected according to the bit sequence of the surrounding BSS.
  • the bit sequence of the BSS which is called the BSS Color.
  • the channel strength of the preamble can be measured by means of physical carrier sensing.
  • the backoff that is, the backoff count value does not change even after the unit backoff time.
  • Step 304 The STA sends the to-be-sent data to the first AP according to the obtained BSS identifier and the signal strength of the preamble.
  • step 304 when performing step 304, the following two methods are specifically included:
  • the first mode is: when it is determined that the obtained BSS identifier is the same as the BSS identifier of the first BSS, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than the set first signal strength threshold, data is received, and after the data is received, After the backoff is performed, after the backoff is completed, the data to be sent is sent to the first AP according to the channel corresponding to the at least one channel identifier, and the first signal strength threshold is an empirical value of the signal strength for avoiding signal interference in the BSS; or
  • the second mode is: when it is determined that the obtained BSS identifier is different from the BSS identifier of the first BSS, and the channel strength of the preamble is greater than the set second signal strength threshold, performing backoff, after the backoff is completed, based on the at least one
  • the channel corresponding to the channel identifier sends the data to be transmitted to the first AP
  • the second signal strength threshold is an empirical value of the signal strength to avoid signal interference between the BSSs.
  • the BSS identifier may be a BSS Color.
  • the subsequent payload is received according to the preamble indication; if the preamble indicates a subsequent payload for resource allocation for uplink transmission (to the AP), the STA will
  • the allocated resources in the frequency domain dimension are subcarriers or subchannels or channels, in the spatial domain for spatial beam direction or beamforming direction) for uplink data transmission;
  • the STA may perform random access on the random competition resources, that is, send random competition data.
  • the STA may decide whether to send random contention data on the random contention resource according to the random competition resource access rule.
  • the random competition resource access rule may be that the STA's backoff count value is self-decreasing.
  • the self-decreasing value can be a fixed value.
  • the self-decrement can also be dynamically determined according to the number of resources used in the random contention resource, such as a Resource Unit (RU), or the number of subchannels, or the number of channels.
  • the method of determining the self-decrease value is that the self-decrement value can be a value of the resource.
  • the preamble may indicate a resource allocation of a channel in which the preamble is located, or the preamble may indicate a resource allocation on a channel in which the preamble is located and on other channels.
  • the STA may decide whether to perform uplink transmission or backoff according to a busy state in which the random contention resource is located in an agreed time period (for example, PIFS time) before the preamble of the channel.
  • the STA may ignore the busy state within the agreed time period (eg, PIFS time) before the preamble according to the protocol or the agreement with the AP.
  • the STA can determine whether to perform uplink transmission or backoff according to the busy state in which the random contention resource is located in an agreed time period (for example, PIFS time) before the preamble of the channel. If the channel is busy within an agreed time period (for example, PIFS time) before the preamble, the STA does not perform backoff, that is, does not perform the backoff count value update. The STA may not transmit in the uplink to avoid interference with transmission of other occupied channels. On the other hand, if the channel is idle within the agreed time period (for example, PIFS time) before the preamble, the STA performs the backoff count value update, and if the backoff count value is reduced to 0, the uplink random access is performed.
  • an agreed time period for example, PIFS time
  • the manner in which the preamble indicates the resource may be a three-step indication, and the first step indicates whether each segment (a set of several channels of the AP indication information, such as a set of multiple 20 MHz channels) has transmission.
  • the STA performs the second step of receiving the indication information in each segment of the transmission.
  • the second step indication information includes whether there is a third step indication information in each channel, and a transmission coding mode of the third step indication information.
  • the STA performs the third step indication information reception according to the second step indication information.
  • the third step indication information contains the subchannel information of the data payload.
  • the third step indication information may also include a transmission coding mode of the data payload.
  • the second step indication information may include an ID indication of the STA of the subchannel information allocation. After the STA decodes the second step indication information, if the ID of the STA in the second step indication information indicates that the ID of the STA is not included, the STA may ignore the third step indication information. If the STA has the uplink random access data, and the STA's ID indication includes the uplink random access ID (for example, the AID is all 0 bits, or all 1 bit), the STA may receive the third step indication information.
  • the second step indication information may also not include the ID indication of the STA, and the ID indication of the STA is performed by the third step indication information.
  • the ID of the STA may be the AID of the STA or the group ID.
  • STAs can belong to one or more groups. It can also not belong to any group.
  • the PPDU is related to the STA, that is, the receiver of the PPDU is the STA, and the sender is the first AP.
  • the STA cannot be in any one. Channel transmission, otherwise it will cause data interference.
  • all channels involved in the transmission are marked as intra-cell transmissions, resulting in a channel busy state, for example, homeBusy state, and the STA stops retreating, and the STA needs to receive channels.
  • PPDU in. After the reception is completed, the backoff is continued, and after the backoff is completed, the data to be transmitted is sent to the first AP.
  • the first signal strength threshold is set in a BSS, and the conflict is avoided when the first AP participates in data transmission.
  • the preamble indicates that the channel where the payload is located in the PPDU is identified as inter-cell transmission, causing the channel to be busy, for example, the nonhomeBusy state.
  • the STA When some of the channels involved in the transmission are in the nonhomeBusy state, the STA continues to perform backoff until the backoff count value is 0, the backoff is completed, all channels involved in the transmission, or all channels involved in the transmission are in the idle state.
  • An AP sends data to be sent.
  • the STA detects the preamble of the PPDU in the channel 3, it is determined that the BSS identifier included in the preamble is the same as the BSS identifier of the first BSS of the STA, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than The first signal strength threshold is set. At this time, the STA determines that the PPDU is related to itself. Therefore, data reception is performed first, and after the data reception is completed, the backoff is performed, and when the backoff is completed, the data is transmitted to the first AP; As shown in FIG.
  • the STA detects the preamble of the PPDU in the channel 3
  • it is determined that the BSS identifier included in the preamble is the same as the BSS identifier of the first BSS of the STA, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than The second signal strength threshold is determined.
  • the STA determines that the PPDU is not related to itself. Therefore, it is necessary to continue performing backoff, and when the backoff is completed, the data is transmitted to the first AP.
  • data reception is performed, including:
  • data reception is performed based on the payload in the PPDU.
  • the preamble of the PPDU indicates that the payload of the PPDU includes the length of the data packet and the modulation side.
  • the method, the channel coding method, the spatial multi-antenna transmission mode, the frequency domain resource allocation method, and the like therefore, data reception can be performed according to the content in the payload indicated by the preamble in the PPDU.
  • the backoff count value is unchanged
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is continuously measured, according to the measured channel corresponding to the channel identifier.
  • the interference signal parameter determines the state of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed.
  • the backoff count value decreases to set the backoff self-decrement value, and a new backoff count value is generated; and the interference signal parameter of the primary channel is continuously measured periodically.
  • the state of the primary channel is determined according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed.
  • the STA needs to detect the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier, which requires the STA to perform preamble detection on all channels included in the maximum transmission bandwidth. Therefore, in a specific implementation, The STA needs to deploy a large number of preamble detectors.
  • the preamble detectors can be implemented in software or in hardware. When implemented in hardware, the number of the detectors is large. Therefore, while ensuring the detection efficiency, the hardware is reduced. Cost, reducing the number of preamble detectors.
  • the AP indication information further carries at least one monitoring channel information, where each monitoring channel information includes a monitoring channel, a frequency band in which the monitoring channel is located, a priority of the monitoring channel, and monitoring in each monitoring information.
  • each monitoring channel information includes a monitoring channel, a frequency band in which the monitoring channel is located, a priority of the monitoring channel, and monitoring in each monitoring information.
  • the priorities of the channels are different, and the frequency bands of the monitoring channels in each monitoring information are different.
  • step 302 the STA listens to the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier, including:
  • the lowest priority is selected as the first priority
  • the monitoring channels with higher priority than the first priority are selected.
  • Each monitored channel is intercepted, and the interception result is used as a listening result of a channel in a frequency band in which the detection channel is located.
  • the preamble detector is deployed in a channel with a high probability of occurrence of the preamble.
  • the first AP negotiates a Channel Bound (CB) mode (Mode) with the STA.
  • CB Channel Bound
  • the maximum transmission bandwidth is divided into several frequency bands, and each frequency band corresponds to one monitoring channel.
  • setting a priority for each monitoring channel to determine the first AP indication information transmission
  • the at least one channel involved in the transmission, the frequency band in which the channel is located, and the corresponding monitoring channel is determined according to the determined frequency band, and the monitoring channel with the lowest priority is selected in the determined monitoring channel, and the priority is higher than the lowest priority All monitoring channels are listening.
  • the 80 MHz channel is divided into two 40 MHz frequency bands, each frequency band is divided into two 20 MHz channels, the corresponding monitoring channel 1 is set in the first frequency band, and the corresponding monitoring channel 2 is set in the second frequency band, wherein the monitoring channel The priority of 1 is higher than the monitoring channel 2.
  • the first AP indication information is represented by CB Mode 6, the channel involved in the transmission is two channels in the first frequency band, and the first channel in the second frequency band, the STA is transmitting in the pair.
  • the three channels involved are listening, only the monitoring channel 1 and the monitoring channel 2 are intercepted, and the listening result of the monitoring channel 1 is used as the listening result of the channels involved in all transmissions in the first frequency band.
  • each STA includes: an antenna array, a radio frequency (RF) chain, a CCA detector, a preamble detector, an RF chain including a band pass filter, a low noise amplifier, and a down conversion. , analog-to-digital converter, etc., the signal output from the RF chain is detected by the CCA detector, and the preamble detector detects, and the signal output from the RF chain also inputs the output digital signal to the receiving unit of the base station for processing, in this embodiment.
  • a preamble detector is set for each RF chain, so that the STA listens to each channel involved in the transmission.
  • the STA performs interception on each channel involved in the transmission by listening to the monitoring channel in each frequency band, and can also perform each of the transmissions involved in the following manner.
  • Channels are listening to reduce the number of preamble detectors:
  • the STA schedules the channel allocated by each RF chain, for example, the STA reports the spatial multiplexing capability supported by the STA after each channel plan reconfiguration, and the correct response command received by the AP after receiving the SM power saving mode signaling. After (ACKnowledge, ACK), the STA configures a corresponding channel for each RF chain. For example, when the STA transmits data, three RF chains receive/transmit data on channel 1. After the data transmission is completed, in order to improve multi-channel efficiency, the STA allocates three RF chains to different monitoring channels, thus, in a single monitoring. The number of spatial streams supported on the channel decreases, and the STA needs to report the weakened spatial multiplexing capability to the AP.
  • the STA listens to the channel involved in the transmission of the first AP indication information in the first BSS, and after detecting the preamble of the PPDU on any one channel, according to the preamble in the preamble
  • the BSS identifier and the channel strength of the preamble are sent to the first AP, which can accurately improve the accuracy of the channel state, thereby reducing the probability of the STA preempting the channel and preventing the transmitted data from being interfered. Improve data transmission accuracy and channel access efficiency.
  • Another channel access method provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be, but is not limited to, used in a WLAN network, an LTE network, or an LTE-U.
  • the specific process of the method includes:
  • Step 801 The STA receives the AP indication information sent by the first access point AP in the first BSS to which the STA belongs, and the AP indication information carries at least one channel identifier.
  • the first AP sends the AP indication information corresponding to the STA to each STA in the first BSS to which the STA belongs, and the AP indication information includes a channel bonding mode, that is, a channel identifier of at least one channel involved in the transmission.
  • the STA performs data transmission according to the channel involved in the transmission in the received AP.
  • Step 802 After the STA generates the data to be sent sent to the first AP, the STA listens to the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier.
  • the data to be sent is a data packet or signaling, such as RTS, CTS, and the like.
  • the channel involved in the transmission carried in the AP indication information needs to perform physical carrier sensing and virtual carrier sensing.
  • the STA may continuously perform channel interception on each channel involved in the transmission, or perform interception in a non-data transmission state, or perform interception in a non-data reception and non-preamble reception state.
  • the STA After the STA generates the data to be sent sent to the first AP, and before performing the backoff, the STA further includes:
  • a parameter determining, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier, a state of a channel corresponding to the channel identifier; and determining that a state of a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is busy, Generate a backoff count value, where the interference
  • the signal parameter is any one or combination of interference power strength, signal energy, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol cycle characteristics; or
  • the STA and the first AP appoint a channel corresponding to a channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier as a primary channel, measuring an interference signal parameter of the primary channel, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel, Determining a state of the primary channel; generating a backoff count value when determining that the state of the primary channel is busy, wherein the interference signal parameter is any one or combination of interference power strength, signal energy, and OFDM symbol cycle characteristics; or
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is greater than a set threshold corresponding to the item, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is idle ;
  • Determining the state of the primary channel according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel including:
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the primary channel is greater than a corresponding set threshold of the item, determining that the status of the primary channel is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the primary channel is idle.
  • the backoff count value is used by the STA to perform backoff. After the unit backoff time, the backoff self-decrement value is determined, and the current backoff count value is subtracted from the backoff self-decrement value to generate a new backoff count value until the backoff count value is determined to be 0.
  • the STA can send the to-be-sent data to the first AP, and the back-off self-decrement value can be a preset unit self-decrement value, or determined according to the actual scene at the current time.
  • Step 803 After detecting the preamble of the PPDU, the STA decodes the preamble of the PPDU, and obtains the receiver address and the sender included in the preamble. Address; and measure the signal strength of the preamble.
  • the preamble of the PPDU is detected, the preamble of the PPDU is decoded, and the network allocation vector (NAV) information included in the preamble is obtained.
  • NAV network allocation vector
  • the channel strength of the preamble can be measured by means of physical carrier sensing.
  • the backoff count value does not change even after the unit backoff time.
  • Step 804 The STA sends the to-be-sent data to the first AP according to the obtained receiver address and the sender address and the signal strength of the preamble.
  • step 104 when performing step 104, the following two methods are specifically included:
  • the first manner is: performing data reception when determining that the obtained receiver address and the sender address include the address of the STA or the address of the first AP, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than the set first signal strength threshold.
  • the backoff is performed.
  • the data to be sent is sent to the first AP based on the channel corresponding to the at least one channel identifier, and the first signal strength threshold is a signal strength for avoiding signal interference in the BSS.
  • Experience value or
  • the second mode when determining that the obtained receiver address and the sender address do not include the address of the STA, and does not include the address of the first AP, and the channel strength of the preamble is greater than the set second signal strength threshold
  • the data to be transmitted is sent to the first AP based on the channel corresponding to the at least one channel identifier, and the second signal strength threshold is an empirical value of the signal strength to avoid signal interference between the BSSs.
  • the first mode when it is determined that the obtained receiver address and the sender address include the address of the STA or the address of the first AP, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than the set first signal strength threshold, determine the The PPDU is related to the STA, that is, the receiver of the PPDU is the STA, and the sender is the first AP. Obviously, the STA cannot transmit on any channel, otherwise data interference will occur. At this time, within the first time, All channels involved in the transmission are marked as intra-cell transmissions resulting in a channel busy state, eg, homeBusy state, and the STA stops backoff, the STA needs to receive in the channel PPDU. After the reception is completed, the backoff is continued, and after the backoff is completed, the data to be transmitted is sent to the first AP.
  • the first signal strength threshold is set in a BSS, and the conflict is avoided when the first AP participates in data transmission.
  • the second mode it is determined that the obtained receiver address and the sender address do not include the address of the STA, and the address of the first AP is not included, and the channel strength of the preamble is greater than the set second signal strength threshold.
  • the PPDU is determined to be unrelated to the STA, that is, the PPDU is sent by the STA or the AP in the other BSS.
  • the channel indicating the payload of the PPDU in the PPDU is identified as inter-cell within the first duration.
  • the transmission results in a channel busy state, for example, a nonhomeBusy state.
  • the STA When some channels in the transmission involve a nonhomeBusy state, the STA continues to perform backoff until the backoff count value is 0, the backoff is completed, all channels involved in the transmission, or transmission The channel in the idle state among all the channels involved sends the data to be transmitted to the first AP.
  • the STA after the STA detects the preamble of the PPDU in the channel 3, it determines that the preamble includes a receiver address and a sender address, and includes an address of the STA or an address of the first AP, and the The signal strength of the preamble is greater than the set first signal strength threshold. At this time, the STA determines that the PPDU is related to itself. Therefore, data reception is performed first, and after the data reception is completed, the backoff is performed, and when the backoff is completed, the An AP transmits data; as shown in FIG.
  • the STA detects the preamble of the PPDU in the channel 3, it determines that the preamble includes a receiver address and a sender address that does not include the address of the STA, and The address of the first AP is included, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than the set second signal strength threshold.
  • the STA determines that the PPDU is irrelevant to itself, and therefore, the backoff needs to be performed, and when the backoff is completed, the An AP transmits data.
  • data reception is performed, including:
  • the preamble of the PPDU indicates that the payload of the PPDU includes a length of the data packet, a modulation mode, a channel coding mode, a spatial multi-antenna transmission mode, a frequency domain resource allocation manner, and the like, and therefore, may be according to the PPDU.
  • the content indicated by the preamble is used for data reception.
  • Line retreat, backoff completion including:
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is continuously measured, and the channel identifier is corresponding according to the measured
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel determines the state of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed;
  • the backoff count value decreases to set the backoff self-decrement value, and a new backoff count value is generated; and the interference signal parameter of the primary channel is continuously measured periodically.
  • the state of the primary channel is determined according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed.
  • the STA needs to listen to the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier, which requires the STA to perform preamble on all channels included in the maximum transmission bandwidth. Detection, therefore, in a specific implementation, the STA needs to deploy a large number of preamble detectors, thereby reducing the hardware cost and reducing the number of preamble detectors while ensuring the detection efficiency.
  • the AP indication information further carries at least one monitoring channel information, where each monitoring channel information includes a monitoring channel, a frequency band in which the monitoring channel is located, a priority of the monitoring channel, and monitoring in each monitoring information.
  • each monitoring channel information includes a monitoring channel, a frequency band in which the monitoring channel is located, a priority of the monitoring channel, and monitoring in each monitoring information.
  • the priorities of the channels are different, and the frequency bands of the monitoring channels in each monitoring information are different.
  • step 802 the STA listens to the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier, including:
  • the lowest priority is selected as the first priority
  • the monitoring channels with higher priority than the first priority are selected.
  • Each monitored channel is intercepted, and the interception result is used as a listening result of a channel in a frequency band in which the detection channel is located.
  • the preamble detector is deployed in a channel with a high probability of occurrence of the preamble.
  • the STA After the STA negotiates the CB Mode with the first AP, the STA performs the step 802 by using the physical architecture shown in FIG. 7. The STA performs the interception of the monitoring channel in each frequency band to implement each transmission involved. The channels are monitored, and each channel involved in the transmission can be intercepted in the following manner to reduce the number of preamble detectors:
  • the STA schedules the channels allocated for each RF chain.
  • the STA listens to the channel involved in the transmission of the first AP indication information in the first BSS, and after detecting the preamble of the PPDU on any one channel, according to the preamble in the preamble Contains the recipient address and the sender address, and the channel strength of the preamble If the data to be sent is sent to the first AP, the accuracy of the channel state can be accurately improved, thereby reducing the probability of the STA preempting the channel, preventing the transmitted data from being interfered, and improving the data transmission accuracy and channel. Access efficiency.
  • parameters such as interference power strength, signal energy, and OFDM symbol cycle characteristics may be measured, that is, power detection, energy detection, OFDM symbol cycle characteristic detection, etc. of the channel are performed on a channel.
  • the WIFI signal power detection may be measured, where the WIFI signal includes: NON_HT, HT_MF, HT_GF, VHT PPDU, HE PPDU, and the like.
  • the STA performs conversion in each state, where the first BSS is the BSS to which the STA belongs:
  • the STA is in the channel listening state, enters the preamble receiving state when the WLAN packet is checked, and enters the transmitting state when the retreat is completed;
  • the STA is in a transmitting state, and when the transmission is completed, the channel listening state is continued;
  • the STA is in the preamble receiving state, and the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) check fails to detect the WLAN packet preamble, or the BSS identifier included in the preamble is inconsistent with the BSS identifier of the first BSS, or the preamble
  • the included BSS identifier is consistent with the BSS identifier of the first BSS, but the payload does not include the channel listening state when the transmission of the STA is concerned; when the signal strength of the new preamble is detected to be greater than the signal strength of the current preamble, and When the difference between the signal strengths of the two preambles is greater than the first threshold, the preamble reception state is continued, and the new preamble is received; the WLAN packet is determined to be the HE packet, and the BSS identifier and the first part included in the preamble are The BSS identifiers of the BSS are consistent, and the payload includes the transmission related to the STA, and enters the HE format payload receiving state; when it is determined that
  • the STA is in the HE format payload receiving state, and enters a channel listening state when the payload receiving is completed;
  • the STA is in a non-HE format payload receiving state and enters when the payload reception is completed.
  • Channel listening state when it is detected that the signal strength of the new preamble signal is greater than the signal strength of the non-HE format payload, and the two signal strength thresholds are higher than the set second threshold, entering the preamble receiving state, receiving a new preamble .
  • the STA sets the timer 1 of the channel occupation time according to the first duration of the occupied channel obtained by decoding the preamble. Specifically, if the timer of the channel occupation time is in an idle state, Setting the timer 1 of the channel occupation time to the first duration; if the channel occupation time timer 1 is in the non-idle state, setting the timer 1 of the channel occupation time to the maximum value of the first duration and the current remaining time , see Figure 12:
  • the BSS identifier included in the preamble is the same as the BSS identifier of the first BSS, and the signal strength of the preamble is higher than the first signal strength threshold;
  • the BSS identifier included in the preamble is different from the BSS identifier of the first BSS, and the signal strength of the preamble is higher than the second signal strength threshold.
  • the timer 1 for occupying the channel may be divided into the timer 1a of the channel occupation time and the timer 1b of the channel occupation time.
  • the BSS identifier included in the preamble is the same as the BSS identifier of the first BSS, and the signal strength of the preamble is higher than the first signal strength threshold, or the BSS identifier included in the preamble is the same as the BSS identifier of the first BSS. If the timer 1a of the channel occupation time is in an idle state, the timer 1a of the channel occupation time is set to the first duration; if the channel occupation time timer 1a is in the non-idle state, the timer of the channel occupation time is set. 1a is set to a maximum value of the first duration and the current remaining time;
  • the timer 1b of the channel occupation time is in an idle state, the channel is occupied.
  • the timer 1b of the time is set to the first duration; if the channel occupancy timer 1b is in the non-idle state, the timer 1b of the channel occupancy time is set to the maximum of the first duration and the current remaining time.
  • the timer 2 for occupying the channel is set to a second duration; if the channel occupancy timer 2 is in a non-idle state, the timer 2 for occupying the channel is set to the second. The maximum value of the duration and the current remaining time.
  • the BSS identifier decoded in the preamble is the same as the BSS identifier of the first BSS, indicating that the PPDU in which the preamble is located is related to the STA, and the decoding is obtained in the preamble.
  • the recipient address and the sender address include the address of the STA or the address of the first AP, and also indicate that the PPDU in which the preamble is located is related to the STA.
  • the condition that the BSS identifier in the preamble is the same as the BSS identifier of the first BSS may be replaced by: the address of the receiver in the preamble and the address of the STA or the first AP in the sender address.
  • the address of the present invention is not described in detail in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the channel can be autonomously accessed, and the data transmission condition is: the timer 1a of the channel occupation time is in an idle state, that is, the first AP is in an idle state;
  • the channel or all the monitoring channels are not in the preamble receiving state, that is, the current channel has no data packets; the power detection of the primary channel, the WIFI signal power detection, etc.
  • the STA determines that the primary channel state is idle, the timer 1b of the channel occupation time is in an idle state, and the channel The time-consuming timer 2 is in an idle state, that is, the primary channel is not used by other BSSs other than the first BSS; the STA is in a channel listening state, that is, the STA does not participate in other communications. After the above conditions are met, the STA performs backoff, and after the backoff is completed, sends the to-be-sent data to the first AP.
  • the AP may trigger the access channel, and the conditions for data reception are: power detection of the primary channel, power detection of the WIFI signal, etc., to determine that the primary channel state is idle, and the channel occupancy time is counted.
  • the timer 1b is in an idle state
  • the timer 2 of the channel occupation time is in an idle state, that is, the primary channel is not used by other BSSs other than the first BSS.
  • the channel may be autonomously accessed, and the data transmission condition is: the timer 1a of the channel occupation time is in an idle state, that is, the first AP is in an idle state; the channel or all involved in the transmission
  • the monitoring channel is not in the preamble receiving state, that is, the current channel has no data.
  • the power detection of at least one channel, the power detection of the WIFI signal, and the like determine that the channel state is idle, the timer 1b of the channel occupation time is in an idle state, and the timer 2 of the channel occupation time is in an idle state.
  • the channel is not used by other BSSs other than the first BSS; the STA is in a channel listening state, that is, the STA does not participate in other communications. After the above conditions are met, the STA performs backoff, and after the backoff is completed, sends the to-be-sent data to the first AP.
  • the AP may trigger the access channel, and the data is received according to the following conditions: the power detection of at least one channel, the power detection of the WIFI signal, and the like, determining the status of the primary channel.
  • the idle, channel occupancy time timer 1b is in an idle state
  • the channel occupancy time timer 2 is in an idle state, that is, the channel is not used by other BSSs other than the first BSS.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a STA, where the STA 1600 includes: a communication unit 1601, a listening unit 1602, and a processing unit 1603, where
  • the communication unit 1601 is configured to receive the AP indication information sent by the first access point AP in the first basic service set BSS to which the STA is located, where the AP indication information carries at least one channel identifier.
  • the intercepting unit 1602 is configured to: after generating the to-be-sent data sent to the first AP, perform interception on a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier;
  • the processing unit 1603 is configured to: after detecting a preamble of the physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, the channel corresponding to the identifier of the physical layer protocol data unit is decoded, obtain the BSS identifier included in the preamble, and measure Signal strength of the preamble;
  • the communication unit 1601 is further configured to send the to-be-sent data to the first AP according to the obtained BSS identifier and a signal strength of the preamble.
  • the communication unit 1601 is configured to:
  • the to-be-transmitted data is sent to the first AP based on the channel corresponding to the at least one channel identifier, where the first signal strength threshold is an empirical value of the signal strength to avoid signal interference in the BSS.
  • the obtained BSS identifier is different from the BSS identifier of the first BSS, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than the set second signal strength threshold, performing backoff, after the backoff is completed, based on the at least one
  • the channel corresponding to the channel identifier sends the to-be-transmitted data to the first AP
  • the second signal strength threshold is an empirical value of a signal strength that avoids signal interference between the BSSs.
  • processing unit 1603 is further configured to:
  • the communication unit 1601 is configured to: when performing data reception:
  • data reception is performed based on the payload in the PPDU.
  • the STA 1600 further includes:
  • a generating unit 1604 configured to generate a backoff count value before the communication unit 1601 performs backoff after the intercepting unit 1602 generates the data to be sent sent to the first AP;
  • the generating unit 1604 is configured to: when generating the backoff count value:
  • an interference signal of a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier when the STA and the first AP do not advertise a channel corresponding to a channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier as a primary channel.
  • a parameter determining, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier, a state of a channel corresponding to the channel identifier; and determining that a state of a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is busy, Generating a backoff count value, wherein the interference signal parameter is any one or combination of interference power strength, signal energy, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol cycle characteristics; or
  • the STA and the first AP appoint a channel corresponding to a channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier as a primary channel, measuring an interference signal parameter of the primary channel, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel, Determining a state of the primary channel; generating a backoff count value when determining that the state of the primary channel is busy, wherein the interference signal parameter is any one or combination of interference power strength, signal energy, and OFDM symbol cycle characteristics; or
  • the backoff count value is generated when it is determined that the obtained BSS identifier is different from the BSS identifier of the first BSS, and the signal strength of the preamble is greater than a set second signal strength threshold.
  • the generating unit 1604 is configured to: when determining, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier, a status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier,
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is greater than a set threshold corresponding to the item, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is idle ;
  • the generating unit 1604 is configured to: when determining the state of the primary channel according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel,
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the primary channel is greater than a corresponding set threshold of the item, determining that the status of the primary channel is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the primary channel is idle.
  • the communication unit 1601 is configured to:
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is continuously measured, and the channel identifier is corresponding according to the measured
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel determines the state of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed;
  • the communication unit 1601 when performing backoff, is configured to:
  • the backoff count value decreases to set the backoff self-decrement value, and a new backoff count value is generated; and the interference signal parameter of the primary channel is continuously measured periodically.
  • the state of the primary channel is determined according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed.
  • the AP indication information further carries at least one monitoring channel information, where each monitoring channel information includes a monitoring channel, a frequency band where the monitoring channel is located, and a priority of the monitoring channel, where each monitoring information is included.
  • the monitoring channels have different priorities, and the monitoring channels in each monitoring information have different frequency bands.
  • the listening unit 1602 is configured to:
  • the lowest priority is selected as the first priority
  • the monitoring channels with higher priority than the first priority are selected.
  • Each monitored channel is intercepted, and the interception result is used as a listening result of a channel in a frequency band in which the monitoring channel is located.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides an STA, where the STA 1700 includes: a communication unit 1701, a listening unit 1702, and a processing unit 1703, where
  • the communication unit 1701 is configured to receive the AP indication information sent by the first access point AP in the first basic service set BSS to which the STA is located, where the AP indication information carries at least one channel identifier.
  • the intercepting unit 1702 is configured to: after generating the to-be-sent data sent to the first AP, perform interception on a channel corresponding to each channel identifier of the at least one channel identifier;
  • the processing unit 1703 is configured to identify a corresponding channel on any one channel, and listen to the physical layer association. After the preamble of the data unit PPDU is negotiated, the preamble is decoded to obtain a receiver address and a sender address included in the preamble; and the signal strength of the preamble is measured;
  • the communication unit 1701 is further configured to send the to-be-sent data to the first AP according to the obtained receiver address and the sender address and the signal strength of the preamble.
  • the communication unit 1701 is configured to:
  • the backoff is performed. After the backoff is completed, the to-be-transmitted data is sent to the first AP according to the channel corresponding to the at least one channel identifier, where the first signal strength threshold is in the BSS. Signal strength empirical value to avoid signal interference; or
  • processing unit 1703 is further configured to:
  • the communication unit 1701 is configured to: when performing data reception:
  • data reception is performed based on the payload in the PPDU.
  • the STA 1700 further includes:
  • a generating unit 1704 configured to generate a backoff count value before the communication unit 1701 performs backoff after the intercepting unit 1702 generates the data to be sent sent to the first AP;
  • the generating unit 1704 is configured to: when generating the backoff count value:
  • an interference signal of a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier when the STA and the first AP do not advertise a channel corresponding to a channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier as a primary channel.
  • a parameter according to the measured interference signal of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier a parameter, determining a state of a channel corresponding to the channel identifier; generating a backoff count value when determining that a state of a channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is busy, wherein the interference signal parameter is an interference power strength Any one or combination of signal energy, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol cycle characteristics; or
  • the STA and the first AP appoint a channel corresponding to a channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier as a primary channel, measuring an interference signal parameter of the primary channel, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel, Determining a state of the primary channel; generating a backoff count value when determining that the state of the primary channel is busy, wherein the interference signal parameter is any one or combination of interference power strength, signal energy, and OFDM symbol cycle characteristics; or
  • the generating unit 1704 is configured to: when determining, according to the measured interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier, a status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier,
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is greater than a set threshold corresponding to the item, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier is idle ;
  • the generating unit 1704 is configured to: when determining the state of the primary channel according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel,
  • any one of the interference signal parameters of the primary channel is greater than a corresponding set threshold of the item, determining that the status of the primary channel is busy; otherwise, determining that the status of the primary channel is idle.
  • the communication unit 1701 is configured to: when performing backoff:
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is continuously measured, and the channel identifier is corresponding according to the measured
  • the interference signal parameter of the channel determines the state of the channel corresponding to the channel identifier until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed;
  • the communication unit 1701 when performing backoff, is configured to:
  • the backoff count value decreases to set the backoff self-decrement value, and a new backoff count value is generated; and the interference signal parameter of the primary channel is continuously measured periodically.
  • the state of the primary channel is determined according to the measured interference signal parameter of the primary channel until the backoff count value is 0, and the backoff is completed.
  • the AP indication information further carries at least one monitoring channel information, where each monitoring channel information includes a monitoring channel, a frequency band where the monitoring channel is located, and a priority of the monitoring channel, where each monitoring information is included.
  • the monitoring channels have different priorities, and the monitoring channels in each monitoring information have different frequency bands.
  • the listening unit 1702 is configured to:
  • the lowest priority is selected as the first priority
  • the monitoring channels with higher priority than the first priority are selected.
  • Each monitored channel is intercepted, and the interception result is used as a listening result of a channel in a frequency band in which the monitoring channel is located.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a STA, various types of terminal devices, wireless sensors, and the like of the STA.
  • the terminal includes: a transceiver 1801, a processor 1802, a bus 1803, and a memory 1804. ,among them:
  • the transceiver 1801, the processor 1802, and the memory 1804 are connected to each other through a bus 1803; the bus 1803 may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus or the like.
  • PCI peripheral component interconnect
  • EISA extended industry standard architecture
  • the bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is shown in Figure 18, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the transceiver 1801 is configured to communicate with other devices, such as receiving the AP indication information sent by the first AP in the first BSS to which the STA 1800 belongs, receiving the data sent by the first AP, and sending the to-be-sent data to the first AP.
  • the processor 1802 is configured to implement the channel access method shown in FIG. 3 of the embodiment of the present invention, including:
  • the AP indication information carries at least one channel identifier
  • the STA 1800 After the STA 1800 generates the data to be sent sent to the first AP, the STA corresponding to each channel identifier of the at least one channel identifier is intercepted;
  • the preamble of the PPDU is decoded to obtain the BSS identifier included in the preamble; and the signal strength of the preamble is measured;
  • the STA 1800 also includes a memory 1804 for storing programs.
  • the program can include program code, the program code including computer operating instructions.
  • the memory 1804 may include a random access memory (RAM), and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage.
  • the processor 1802 executes an application stored in the memory 1804 to implement the above channel access method.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides an STA, various types of terminal devices, wireless sensors, and the like of the STA.
  • the terminal includes: a transceiver 1901, a processor 1902, a bus 1903, and a memory 1904. ,among them:
  • the transceiver 1901, the processor 1902, and the memory 1904 are connected to each other through a bus 1903; the bus 1903 may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus or the like.
  • PCI peripheral component interconnect
  • EISA extended industry standard architecture
  • the bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is shown in Figure 19, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the transceiver 1901 is configured to communicate with other devices, such as receiving the AP indication information sent by the first AP in the first BSS to which the STA 1900 belongs, receiving the data sent by the first AP, and sending the to-be-sent data to the first AP.
  • the processor 1902 is configured to implement the channel access method shown in FIG. 8 of the embodiment of the present invention, including:
  • the AP indication information carries at least one channel identifier
  • the STA 1900 After the STA 1900 generates the to-be-sent data to be sent to the first AP, the channel corresponding to each channel identifier in the at least one channel identifier is intercepted;
  • the channel corresponding to any channel identifier is decoded, the preamble is decoded, the receiver address and the sender address included in the preamble are obtained, and the signal of the preamble is measured. strength;
  • the STA 1900 also includes a memory 1904 for storing programs.
  • the program can include Program code, which includes computer operating instructions.
  • the memory 1904 may include a random access memory (RAM), and may also include a non-volatile memory such as at least one disk storage.
  • the processor 1902 executes the application stored in the memory 1904 to implement the above channel access method.
  • the STA listens to the channel involved in the transmission of the first AP indication information in the first BSS, and listens to the PPDU on any one channel.
  • the data to be sent is sent to the first AP, and the channel state can be accurately improved.
  • the accuracy rate reduces the probability of the STA preempting the channel to generate collisions, avoids the interference of the transmitted data, and improves the data transmission accuracy and channel access efficiency.
  • embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) including computer usable program code.
  • computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
  • the device is implemented in a flow chart or Multiple processes and/or block diagrams The functions specified in one or more boxes.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more of the flow or in a block or blocks of a flow diagram.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种信道接入方法及站点，用以解决现有技术中STA对信道的状态进行误判，导致抢占信道，进而使传输的数据被干扰，降低数据传输准确性的问题，该方法为：STA接收所归属的第一BSS中第一AP指示信息中的至少一个信道标识，并对每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听，在任意一个信道侦听到PPDU的前导码后，根据前导码中的包含BSS标识，或者接收方地址和发送方地址，以及该前导码的信道强度，将待发送数据发送至第一AP，可以准确的提高对信道状态的判断准确率，从而降低STA抢占信道产生冲突的概率，避免造成传输的数据被干扰，提高了数据传输准确率和信道接入效率。

Description

一种信道接入方法及站点 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种信道接入方法及站点。
背景技术
在通信系统中，每个站点(Station，STA)都是通过频谱资源将信号发送给其他STA。若在一个通信系统中，STA可以同时接收和发送信号，则该通信系统称为全双工系统。然而，STA发送的信号可能会干扰自己接收的信号，因袭，需要对该STA进行干扰消除，这样，增加了成本。为了降低消除干扰的成本，通过采用半双工系统进行信号传输，即STA可以时分接入，即一段时间内发送信号，而在另一段时间内切换为接收信号。
在半双工系统的无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Network，WLAN)中，一组相互通信的STA称为一个基本服务集合(Basic Service Set，BSS)，一个BSS可以作为一个小区，每个BSS中的有一个STA为接入点(Access Point，AP)，其它STA通过该AP与外部网络相连。
BSS中每个STA可以使用一个单位带宽为基本带宽粒度进行信道接入，当STA可以使用多个单位带宽时，STA可以选择部分单位带宽进行信道接入，该BSS称为多信道系统。在多信道系统中，AP会指定一个单位带宽为主信道，其余的单位带宽为辅信道。
在现有技术中，STA在不发送数据包时，对主信道进行虚拟载波侦听和物理载波侦听，并对辅信道进行物理载波侦听。其中，虚拟载波侦听的过程为：当主信道正在传输物理层协议数据单元(Physical Protocol Data Unit，PPDU)时，该STA根据该PPDU中包含的前导码，获取该PPDU的发送方和接收方，在确定该STA所属BSS中的AP是该PPDU的发送方/接收方，确定主信道的状态为忙，否则确定主信道的状态为闲，在确定主信道的状态为忙后，该STA将进行退避，避免因该AP处于发送状态而无法接收该STA的 信号，或该AP处于接收其它STA发送的该PPDU，而无法接收该STA的信号；物理载波侦听的过程为：检测各个信道上前导码的信号强度或时域循环特性因子，若某信道的前导码的信号强度或时域循环特性因子高于设定门限，则确定该信道的状态为忙，否则确定该信道的状态为闲。
现有的信道接入方法中，通常使用单信道接入和退避规则，即选择一个特定的信道(主信道)进行退避决策，即对主信道进行上述虚拟载波侦听和物理载波侦听，STA确定向该STA所属BSS中的目标AP发送的数据后，判定主信道的中被PPDU占用，状态为忙，且在确定该STA所属BSS中的AP是该PPDU的发送方/接收方，则生成随机退避值，并继续对主信道进行物理载波侦听，若判定主信道的状态仍为忙，则该退避值不变；若判定主信道的状态为闲，则退避值减少一个单位值，直至该退避值为0时，该STA进行对目标AP进行数据发送。
然而，参阅图1所示，采用以上方法进行信道接入时，仅依靠主信道ch1进行虚拟载波侦听和物理载波侦听，在虚拟载波侦听方面：若其它BSS2中的AP2向STA1发送的PPDU2干扰了本BSS1中AP1向STA1发送的PPDU1时，则该STA1无法正确解码主信道ch1上PPDU1的前导码，进而无法确定AP1是否为PPDU1的发送方/接收方，则判定主信道的状态为闲；在物理载波侦听方面，若来自AP1的PPDU1中前导码的信号强度为-75dBm，来自AP2的PPDU2中前导码的信号强度为-77dBm，两者之和的小于设定门限-62dBm，则判定主信道的状态为闲。这样，导致该STA尝试接入信道，向AP1发送数据，但是由于实际上主信道的状态为忙，AP1正在发送PPDU1，因此，AP1发送的PPDU1会干扰该STA向AP1发送的数据，导致AP1无法接收该STA发送的数据。
显然，现有技术中的信道接入方法，STA会对信道的状态进行误判，导致抢占信道，进而使传输的数据被干扰，降低了数据传输准确性。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种信道接入方法及站点，用以解决现有技术中存在的STA对信道的状态进行误判，导致抢占信道，进而使传输的数据被干扰，降低数据传输准确性的问题。
第一方面，一种信道接入方法，包括：
站点STA接收所述STA归属的第一基本服务集合BSS中第一接入点AP发送的AP指示信息，所述AP指示信息中携带至少一个信道标识；
所述STA生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听；
所述STA在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到物理层协议数据单元PPDU的前导码后，对所述前导码进行解码，获得所述前导码中包含的BSS标识；并测量所述前导码的信号强度；
所述STA根据获得的所述BSS标识以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP。
结合第一方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，所述STA根据获得的所述BSS标识以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，包括：
在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，所述STA进行数据接收，并在数据接收完成后，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第一信号强度阈值为在BSS内避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值；或者
在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，所述STA执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第二信号强度阈值为在BSS间避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中， 所述STA对所述前导码进行解码之后，还包括：
获得所述前导码中包含的占用信道的第一时长。
结合第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述STA进行数据接收，包括：
在所述第一时长内，根据所述PPDU中的有效载荷，进行数据接收。
结合第一方面的以上任一种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，所述STA生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，执行退避之前，还包括：
在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、正交频分复用OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；在确定所述主信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，所述STA生成退避计数值；或者
在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，所述STA生成退避计数值。
结合第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，所述STA根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标 识对应的信道的状态，包括：
若该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为闲；
根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，包括：
若该主信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该主信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该主信道的状态为闲。
结合第一方面的第四或第五种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式中，在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA执行退避，退避完成，包括：
继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；
在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述至少一个信道标识中包含的信道标识对应的信道的状态均为闲时，确定状态为闲的信道的数目，并根据所述数目，生成退避自减值，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少所述退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成；
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA执行退避，退避完成，包括：
继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；
在确定所述主信道的状态为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述主信道的状态为闲时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少设定退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成。
结合第一方面或第一方面的以上任一种可能的实现方式，在第七种可能的实现方式中，所述AP指示信息中还携带有至少一个监测信道信息，其中，每个监测信道信息中包含一个监测信道、该监测信道所在频段、该监测信道的优先级，每个监测信息中的监测信道的优先级不同，每个监测信息中的监测信道所在频段不同。
结合第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式，在第八种可能的实现方式中，所述STA对所述信道信息对应至少一个信道进行侦听，包括：
确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段；
根据所述至少一个监测信道信息，确定每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段对应的监测信道，以及该监测信道的优先级；
在确定的监测信道的优先级中，筛选出最低的优先级为第一优先级；
在所有监测信道中，筛选出优先级高于第一优先级的监测信道；
对筛选出的每个监测信道进行侦听，将侦听结果作为处于该监测信道所在频段内的信道的侦听结果。
第二方面，一种信道接入方法，包括：
站点STA接收所述STA归属的第一基本服务集合BSS中第一接入点AP发送的AP指示信息，所述AP指示信息中携带至少一个信道标识；
所述STA生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听；
所述STA在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到物理层协议数据单元PPDU的前导码后，对所述前导码进行解码，获得所述前导码中包含的接收方地址和发送方地址；并测量所述前导码的信号强度；
所述STA根据获得的接收方地址和发送方地址以及所述前导码的信号强 度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP。
结合第二方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，所述STA根据获得的接收方地址和发送方地址以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，包括：
在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含所述STA的地址或所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，所述STA进行数据接收，并在数据接收完成后，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第一信号强度阈值为在BSS内避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值；或者
在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中不包含所述STA的地址，且不包含所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，所述STA执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第二信号强度阈值为在BSS间避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值。
结合第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，所述STA对所述前导码进行解码之后，还包括：
获得所述前导码中包含的占用信道的第一时长。
结合第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述STA进行数据接收，包括：
在所述第一时长内，根据所述PPDU中的有效载荷，进行数据接收。
结合第二方面的以上任一种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，所述STA生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，执行退避之前，还包括：
在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；在确定所述至少一个信 道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、正交频分复用OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；在确定所述主信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含所述STA的地址或所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，所述STA生成退避计数值；或者
在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中不包含所述STA的地址，且不包含所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，所述STA生成退避计数值。
结合第二方面的第四种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，所述STA根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，包括：
若该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为闲；
根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，包括：
若该主信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该主信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该主信道的状态为闲。
结合第二方面的第四或第五种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式中，在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA执行退避，退避完成，包括：
继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的 干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；
在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述至少一个信道标识中包含的信道标识对应的信道的状态均为闲时，确定状态为闲的信道的数目，并根据所述数目，生成退避自减值，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少所述退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成；
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA执行退避，退避完成，包括：
继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；
在确定所述主信道的状态为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述主信道的状态为闲时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少设定退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成。
结合第二方面或第二方面的以上任一种可能的实现方式，在第七种可能的实现方式中，所述AP指示信息中还携带有至少一个监测信道信息，其中，每个监测信道信息中包含一个监测信道、该监测信道所在频段、该监测信道的优先级，每个监测信息中的监测信道的优先级不同，每个监测信息中的监测信道所在频段不同。
结合第二方面的第七种可能的实现方式，在第八种可能的实现方式中，所述STA对所述信道信息对应至少一个信道进行侦听，包括：
确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段；
根据所述至少一个监测信道信息，确定每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段对应的监测信道，以及该监测信道的优先级；
在确定的监测信道的优先级中，筛选出最低的优先级为第一优先级；
在所有监测信道中，筛选出优先级高于第一优先级的监测信道；
对筛选出的每个监测信道进行侦听，将侦听结果作为处于该监测信道所在频段内的信道的侦听结果。
第三方面，一种站点，包括：
通信单元，用于接收站点STA归属的第一基本服务集合BSS中第一接入点AP发送的AP指示信息，所述AP指示信息中携带至少一个信道标识；
侦听单元，用于在生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听；
处理单元，用于在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到物理层协议数据单元PPDU的前导码后，对所述前导码进行解码，获得所述前导码中包含的BSS标识；并测量所述前导码的信号强度；
所述通信单元，还用于根据获得的所述BSS标识以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP。
结合第三方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信单元，用于：
在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，进行数据接收，并在数据接收完成后，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第一信号强度阈值为在BSS内避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值；或者
在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第二信号强度阈值为在BSS间避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值。
结合第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，所述处理单元，还用于：
对所述前导码进行解码之后，获得所述前导码中包含的占用信道的第一时长。
结合第三方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述通信单元，在进行数据接收时，用于：
在所述第一时长内，根据所述PPDU中的有效载荷，进行数据接收。
结合第三方面的以上任一种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，还包括：
生成单元，用于在所述侦听单元生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，所述通信单元执行退避之前，生成退避计数值；
所述生成单元，在生成退避计数值时，用于：
在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、正交频分复用OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；在确定所述主信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值；或者
在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且所述前 导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值。
结合第三方面的第四种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，所述生成单元，在根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态时，用于：
若该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为闲；
所述生成单元，在根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态时，用于：
若该主信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该主信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该主信道的状态为闲。
结合第三方面的第四或第五种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式中，在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述通信单元，在执行退避时，用于：
继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；
在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述至少一个信道标识中包含的信道标识对应的信道的状态均为闲时，确定状态为闲的信道的数目，并根据所述数目，生成退避自减值，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少所述退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成；
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述通信单元，在执行退避时，用于：
继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；
在确定所述主信道的状态为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述主信道的状态为闲时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少设定退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成。
结合第三方面或第三方面的以上任一种可能的实现方式，在第七种可能的实现方式中，所述AP指示信息中还携带有至少一个监测信道信息，其中，每个监测信道信息中包含一个监测信道、该监测信道所在频段、该监测信道的优先级，每个监测信息中的监测信道的优先级不同，每个监测信息中的监测信道所在频段不同。
结合第三方面的第七种可能的实现方式，在第八种可能的实现方式中，所述侦听单元，用于：
确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段；
根据所述至少一个监测信道信息，确定每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段对应的监测信道，以及该监测信道的优先级；
在确定的监测信道的优先级中，筛选出最低的优先级为第一优先级；
在所有监测信道中，筛选出优先级高于第一优先级的监测信道；
对筛选出的每个监测信道进行侦听，将侦听结果作为处于该监测信道所在频段内的信道的侦听结果。
第四方面，一种站点，包括：
通信单元，用于接收站点STA归属的第一基本服务集合BSS中第一接入点AP发送的AP指示信息，所述AP指示信息中携带至少一个信道标识；
侦听单元，用于在生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听；
处理单元，用于在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到物理层协议数据单元PPDU的前导码后，对所述前导码进行解码，获得所述前导码中包含的接收方地址和发送方地址；并测量所述前导码的信号强度；
所述通信单元，还用于根据获得的接收方地址和发送方地址以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP。
结合第四方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信单元，用于：
在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含所述STA的地址或所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，进行数据接收，并在数据接收完成后，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第一信号强度阈值为在BSS内避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值；或者
在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中不包含所述STA的地址，且不包含所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第二信号强度阈值为在BSS间避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值。
结合第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，所述处理单元，还用于：
对所述前导码进行解码之后，获得所述前导码中包含的占用信道的第一时长。
结合第四方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述通信单元，在进行数据接收时，用于：
在所述第一时长内，根据所述PPDU中的有效载荷，进行数据接收。
结合第四方面的以上任一种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，还包括：
生成单元，用于在所述侦听单元生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，所述通信单元执行退避之前，生成退避计数值；
所述生成单元，在生成退避计数值时，用于：
在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、正交频分复用OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；在确定所述主信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含所述STA的地址或所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值；或者
在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中不包含所述STA的地址，且不包含所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值。
结合第四方面的第四种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，所述生成单元，在根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态时，用于：
若该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为闲；
所述生成单元，在根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态时，用于：
若该主信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该主信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该主信道的状态为闲。
结合第四方面的第四或第五种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式中，在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述通信单元，在执行退避时，用于：
继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；
在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述至少一个信道标识中包含的信道标识对应的信道的状态均为闲时，确定状态为闲的信道的数目，并根据所述数目，生成退避自减值，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少所述退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成；
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述通信单元，在执行退避时，用于：
继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；
在确定所述主信道的状态为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述主信道的状态为闲时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少设定退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成。
结合第四方面或第四方面的以上任一种可能的实现方式，在第七种可能 的实现方式中，所述AP指示信息中还携带有至少一个监测信道信息，其中，每个监测信道信息中包含一个监测信道、该监测信道所在频段、该监测信道的优先级，每个监测信息中的监测信道的优先级不同，每个监测信息中的监测信道所在频段不同。
结合第四方面的第七种可能的实现方式，在第八种可能的实现方式中，所述侦听单元，用于：
确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段；
根据所述至少一个监测信道信息，确定每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段对应的监测信道，以及该监测信道的优先级；
在确定的监测信道的优先级中，筛选出最低的优先级为第一优先级；
在所有监测信道中，筛选出优先级高于第一优先级的监测信道；
对筛选出的每个监测信道进行侦听，将侦听结果作为处于该监测信道所在频段内的信道的侦听结果。
本发明实施例中，STA接收所归属的第一BSS中第一AP指示信息中的至少一个信道标识，并对每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听，在任意一个信道侦听到PPDU的前导码后，根据前导码中的包含BSS标识，或者接收方地址和发送方地址，以及该前导码的信道强度，将待发送数据发送至第一AP，可以准确的提高对信道状态的判断准确率，从而降低STA抢占信道产生冲突的概率，避免造成传输的数据被干扰，提高了数据传输准确率和信道接入效率。
附图说明
图1为现有技术提供的一种信道接入方法示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种BSS结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种信道接入方法流程图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的第一种信道接入示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的第二种信道接入示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种信道绑定模式示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种STA的物理架构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的另一种信道接入方法流程图；
图9为本发明实施例提供的第三种信道接入示意图；
图10为本发明实施例提供的第四种信道接入示意图；
图11为本发明实施例提供的STA在各个状态进行转换的示意图；
图12为本发明实施例提供的对信道占用时间的计时器1配置及状态转换示意图；
图13为本发明实施例提供的对信道占用时间的计时器1a配置及状态转换示意图；
图14为本发明实施例提供的对信道占用时间的计时器1b配置及状态转换示意图；
图15为本发明实施例提供的对信道占用时间的计时器2配置及状态转换示意图；
图16为本发明实施例提供的一种STA的结构示意图；
图17为本发明实施例提供的另一种STA的结构示意图；
图18为本发明实施例提供的一种STA的结构图；
图19为本发明实施例提供的另一种STA的结构图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供一种信道接入方法及STA，用以解决现有技术中存在的STA对信道的状态进行误判，导致抢占信道，进而使传输的数据被干扰， 降低数据传输准确性的问题。其中，方法和装置是基于同一发明构思的，由于方法及装置解决问题的原理相似，因此装置与方法的实施可以相互参见，重复之处不再赘述。
在现有技术中，STA对主信道进行虚拟载波侦听和物理载波侦听，对主信道的状态进行误判，在主信道的状态为忙时，根据上述侦听结果判定该主信道的状态为闲，导致STA向AP发送数据，导致主信道正在发送的数据会干扰该STA向AP发送的数据，降低了该数据传输的准确性；而采用本发明技术方案，STA在生成向所归属的第一BSS中第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对所述第一AP指示的多个信道进行侦听，当在任一个进行侦听的信道中侦听到PPDU的前导码后，对所述前导码进行解码，获得前导码(即物理层包头部)中包含的BSS标识，或者，接收方地址和发送方地址，以及测量对该前导码的信号强度；最终根据获得的BSS标识以及该前导码的信号强度，或者，根据获得的接收方地址和发送方地址，以及该前导码的信号强度，将待发送数据发送至第一AP，这样，根据前导码中包含的BSS标识，或者，接收方地址和发送方地址，以及该前导码的信号强度，可以提高对信道状态判断的准确率，从而降低了STA抢占信道产生冲突的概率，避免造成传输的数据被干扰，提高了数据传输准确率和信道接入的效率。
本发明实施例提供了一种信道接入方法及STA，适用于WLAN系统中，参阅图2所示，在WLAN系统中，一个BSS的架构包括一个AP 201，以及至少一个STA 202，其中AP 201和STA 202之间通过无线通信。
其中，AP 201也称为无线访问接入点或桥接器或热点等，可以接入服务器或通信网络，STA 202通过AP 201与接入服务器或通信网络交换语音、视频等通信数据；
STA 202可以是无线传感器、无线通信终端或移动终端，如支持无线保真(Wireless Fidelity，WIFI)通讯功能的移动电话、具有无线通信功能的计算机等。
下面结合附图对本发明优选的实施方式进行详细说明。
本发明实施例提供的一种信道接入方法，可以但不限于在WLAN网络、长期演进(Long Term Evolution，LTE)网络或长期演进未授权系统(LTE-Unlicensed，LTE-U)中使用。参阅图3所示，该方法的具体流程包括：
步骤301：STA接收该STA归属的第一BSS中第一接入点AP发送的AP指示，所述AP指示信息中携带至少一个信道标识。
具体的，第一AP会向所归属的第一BSS中的每个STA发送该STA对应的AP指示信息，AP指示信息中包含传输涉及的至少一个信道的信道标识。STA根据接收到的AP指示信息中传输涉及的信道进行数据传输。
步骤302：该STA生成向第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对该至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听。
其中，待发送数据为数据包或信令，如请求发送帧(Request to send，RTS)、清除发送帧(Clear to send，CTS)、关联请求、带宽请求等。
在该STA生成需要向第一AP发送的待发送数据后，需要在AP指示信息中传输涉及的信道进行物理载波侦听和虚拟载波侦听。物理载波侦听可包括信号能量检测、正交频分复用(OFDM，Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)符号的循环特性检测中的一种或多种。由于极高吞吐量的PPDU(Very High Throughput PPDU，VHT PPDU)或高效的PPDU(High efficient PPDU，HE PPDU)等OFDM符号包含循环前缀(Cyclic Prefix，CP)，在时间上具有循环重复特性。具体的该STA可以持续对传输涉及的每个信道进行信道侦听，或者，在非数据发送状态下进行侦听，或者，在非数据接收且非前导码接收状态下进行侦听。
其中，该STA生成向第一AP发送的待发送数据后，执行退避之前，还包括：生成退避计数值，具体的，可以根据以下条件生成该退避计数值：
第一种条件：在该STA与第一AP未在该至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量该至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；在确定该至少一个信道标识中 的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、正交频分复用OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
第二种条件：在该STA与第一AP在该至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量该主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；在确定该主信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
第三种条件：在确定获得的该BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且该前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值；或者
第四种条件：在确定获得的BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且该前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值。
根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，包括：
若该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为闲；
根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，包括：
若该主信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该主信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该主信道的状态为闲。
其中，该STA与第一AP约定的主信道用于传输控制帧和管理帧。
生成退避计数值还包括：该至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道均处于前导码接收状态，即传输涉及的信道均可能被占用，第一AP可能正在进行数据传输，生成退避计数值。
在解码前导码后，还包括：获得该前导码中包含的占用信道的第一时长。STA根据该第一时长，设定信道占用时间的计时器。在该信道占用时间的计 时器为非空闲状态时，表示信道或第一AP较忙，停止退避，直至该信道占用时间的计时器超时，此时转换成空闲状态，可以进行退避，并在退避完成时，进行信道接入。
因此，在退避计数值生成的第三种和第四种条件中，还包括：信道占用时间的计时器为非空闲状态。
退避计数值用于STA执行退避，在经过单位退避时间后，确定退避自减值，并将当前的退避计数值减去退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值，直至确定退避计数值为0，STA才能向第一AP发送待发送数据，该退避自减值可以是预先设定的单位自减值，或者根据当前时刻的实际场景确定的。
根据当前时刻的实际场景确定退避自减值的方法包括：
当前时刻侦听到的处于空闲状态下的信道数量作为退避自减值。
步骤303：该STA在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到PPDU的前导码后，对该前导码进行解码，获得该前导码中包含的BSS标识；并测量该前导码的信号强度。
在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到PPDU的前导码后，对该前导码进行解码，还可以获得该前导码中包含的占用信道的第一时长，即传输时间信息。该传输时间信息可以是单个PPDU传输时长，也可以是若干STA间多个PPDU交互所需的时长，对于WLAN网络，可以是网络分配矢量(Network Allocation Vector，NAV)信息，该NAV信息中包含有传输所述PPDU占用信道的时长。STA根据该第一时长，设定信道占用时间的计时器。
具体的，该PPDU的前导码中包含的BSS标识，为发送该PPDU的STA或AP所归属的BSS的BSS标识。
BSS标识可以为由AP的MAC地址生成的用于标识本BSS的bit序列，也可以为AP随机选择的用于标识本BSS的bit序列，或AP根据周围BSS的bit序列选择的用于标识本BSS的bit序列，该bit序列被称为BSS Color。
具体的，可以采用物理载波侦听的方式测量前导码的信道强度。
在侦听到PPDU时，确定该任意一个信道为前导码接收状态，此时停止 退避，即退避计数值即使经过单位退避时间，仍然不发生变化。
步骤304：该STA根据获得的所述BSS标识以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP。
具体的，在执行步骤304时，具体包括以下两种方式：
第一种方式：在确定获得的该BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且该前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，进行数据接收，并在数据接收完成后，执行退避，退避完成后，基于该至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将待发送数据发送至第一AP，第一信号强度阈值为在BSS内避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值；或者
第二种方式：在确定获得的该BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且该前导码的信道强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，执行退避，退避完成后，基于该至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将待发送数据发送至第一AP，第二信号强度阈值为在BSS间避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值。
其中，该BSS标识可以为BSS Color。
若前导码后包含有效载荷，将根据前导码指示进行后续的有效载荷的接收；若前导码指示了后续的有效载荷用于上行传输(发送给AP)的资源分配，则STA将根据该指示在所分配的资源(在频域维度为子载波或子信道或信道，在空域为空间波束方向或波束成形方向)进行上行数据发送；
若所分配的资源为随机竞争资源，或其中部分资源为随机竞争资源，STA可在该随机竞争资源上进行随机接入，即发送随机竞争数据。STA可按随机竞争资源接入规则来决定是否在随机竞争资源上发送随机竞争数据。随机竞争资源接入规则可以是STA的退避计数值进行自减。自减值可为固定值。自减值也可根据随机竞争资源中用于资源个数动态决定，如资源单元(Resource Unit，RU)，或子信道个数，或信道个数。自减值动态决定的方法为，自减值可为资源个数值。
进一步，前导码可指示前导码所在的信道的资源分配，或者，前导码可指示前导码所在的信道和其他信道上的资源分配。
STA可根据随机竞争资源位于信道在前导码之前的约定时间段(例如PIFS时间)内的忙闲状态决定是否进行上行发送或退避。STA可根据协议规定或与AP的约定忽略前导码之前的约定时间段(例如PIFS时间)内的忙闲状态。
若STA可根据随机竞争资源位于信道在前导码之前的约定时间段(例如PIFS时间)内的忙闲状态决定是否进行上行发送或退避。若信道在前导码之前的约定时间段(例如PIFS时间)内的为忙，STA不进行退避，即不进行退避计数值更新。STA可不上行发送，避免对其他占用信道的传输的干扰。反之，若信道在前导码之前的约定时间段(例如PIFS时间)内的为闲，STA进行退避计数值更新，若退避计数值自减到0则进行上行随机接入。
前导码指示资源的方式可以为分3步指示，第一步指示每一段(AP指示信息的若干个信道的集合，例如多个20MHz信道的集合)是否有传输。STA在有传输的每一段内做第二步的指示信息接收。第二步指示信息包含了每个信道内是否有第三步指示信息，及第三步指示信息的传输编码方式。STA根据第二步指示信息做第三步指示信息接收。第三步指示信息包含了数据载荷的所在子信道信息。对于下行传输，第三步指示信息还可包含了数据载荷的传输编码方式。
第二步指示信息可包含子信道信息分配的STA的ID指示。这样STA解码到第二步指示信息后，若第二步指示信息中的STA的ID指示未包含该STA的ID，STA可以忽略第三步指示信息。若STA有上行随机接入数据，且STA的ID指示包含上行随机接入ID(例如AID为全0bit，或全1bit)，STA可以接收第三步指示信息。
第二步指示信息也可不包含STA的ID指示，由第三步指示信息进行STA的ID指示。
STA的ID可为STA的AID、或小组ID。STA可以属于一个或多个小组。也可以不属于任何小组。
在第一种方式中，确定获得的BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且 该前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，确定该PPDU与STA相关，即该PPDU的接收方是该STA，而发送方即为第一AP，显然，STA不能在任何一个信道传输，否则会造成数据干扰，此时，在第一时长内，将传输涉及的所有信道标记为小区内传输导致信道忙状态，例如，homeBusy状态，且该STA停止退避，该STA需要接收信道中的PPDU。在接收完成后，继续执行退避，并在退避结束后，将待发送数据发送至第一AP。其中，设置第一信号强度阈值为了在一个BSS内，在第一AP参与数据传输时，避免冲突。
在第二种方式中，确定获得的该BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且该前导码的信道强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，确定该PPDU与该STA不相关，即该PPDU为其它BSS中的STA或AP发送的，此时，在第一时长内，将该前导码指示PPDU中有效载荷所在的信道标识为小区间传输导致信道忙状态，例如，nonhomeBusy状态，在传输涉及的信道中有部分信道为nonhomeBusy状态时，STA继续执行退避，直至退避计数值为0时，退避完成，在传输涉及的全部信道，或传输涉及的全部信道中处于空闲状态的信道向第一AP发送待发送数据。
参阅图4所示，例如，STA在信道3中侦听到PPDU的前导码后，判定该前导码包含的BSS标识与该STA的第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且该前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值，此时，STA确定该PPDU与自身相关，因此，先进行数据接收，在数据接收完成后，继续执行退避，在退避完成时，向第一AP传输数据；参阅图5所示，例如，STA在信道3中侦听到PPDU的前导码后，判定该前导码包含的BSS标识与该STA的第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且该前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值，此时，STA确定该PPDU与自身不相关，因此，需要继续执行退避，在退避完成时，向第一AP传输数据。
具体的，在第一种方式中，进行数据接收，包括：
在第一时长内，根据该PPDU中的有效载荷，进行数据接收。具体的，该PPDU的前导码中指示了PPDU的有效载荷中包含数据包的长度、调制方 式、信道编码方式、空间多天线传输模式、频域资源分配方式等，因此，可以根据该PPDU中的前导码指示的有效载荷中的内容，进行数据接收。
具体的，在第一种方式、以及第二种方式中，在该STA与第一AP未在该至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，执行退避，退避完成，包括：
继续周期性测量该至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；
在确定该至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定该至少一个信道标识中包含的信道标识对应的信道的状态均为闲时，确定状态为闲的信道的数目，并根据该数目，生成退避自减值，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少所述退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量该至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成。
对于约定主信道的系统：
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，执行退避，退避完成，包括：
继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；
在确定所述主信道的状态为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述主信道的状态为闲时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少设定退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成。
例如，在STA与第一AP未约定主信道时，当前退避计数值为15，确定当前状态为闲的信道数目为2，则退避自减值为2，经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值更新为15-2＝13。
在步骤302，STA需要对至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听，这就需要STA对最大传输带宽内包含的所有信道均可以做前导码检测，因此，在具体实现中，STA需要部署大量的前导码检测器，前导码检测器可以为软件实现，也可以为硬件实现，在通过硬件实现时，由于需要数目较大，因此，在保证侦听效率的同时，降低硬件成本，降低前导码检测器的数量。
可选的，AP指示信息中还携带有至少一个监测信道信息，其中，每个监测信道信息中包含一个监测信道、该监测信道所在频段、该监测信道的优先级，每个监测信息中的监测信道的优先级不同，每个监测信息中的监测信道所在频段不同。
在步骤302，STA对至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听，包括：
确定该至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段；
根据该至少一个监测信道信息，确定每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段对应的监测信道，以及该监测信道的优先级；
在确定的监测信道的优先级中，筛选出最低的优先级为第一优先级；
在所有监测信道中，筛选出优先级高于第一优先级的监测信道；
对筛选出的每个监测信道进行侦听，将侦听结果作为处于该检测信道所在频段内的信道的侦听结果。
为了降低成本，降低前导码检测器的数量，同时提高侦听效率，在本实施例中，在前导码出现概率较高的信道中部署前导码检测器。
在本实施例中，第一AP与STA协商了信道绑定(Channel Bound，CB)模式(Mode)，如图6所示，对最大传输带宽划分为若干个频段，每个频段对应一个监测信道，同时为每个监测信道设定优先级，确定第一AP指示信息传 输涉及的至少一个信道中，信道所在的频段，并根据确定的频段确定对应的监测信道，在确定的监测信道中，筛选出优先级最低的监测信道，对优先级高于该最低优先级的所有监测信道进行侦听。如，将80MHz的信道分为两个40MHz的频段，每个频段分为两个20MHz的信道，第一频段中设置对应的监测信道1，第二频段设置对应的监测信道2，其中，监测信道1的优先级高于监测信道2，若第一AP指示信息采用CB Mode6表示，传输涉及的信道为第一频段内的两个信道，以及第二频段内的第一个信道，STA在对传输涉及的三个信道进行侦听时，只侦听监测信道1和监测信道2，并将监测信道1的侦听结果作为第一频段内所有传输涉及的信道的侦听结果。
参阅图7所示，每个STA的物理架构包括：天线阵列、无线射频(Radio Frequency，RF)链、CCA检测器、前导码检测器，RF链包括带通滤波器，低噪放大器、下变频器，模数变换器等，RF链输出的信号供CCA检测器检测，以及前导码检测器检测，RF链输出的信号还将输出的数字信号输入到基站接收单元等进行处理，在本实施例中，为每个RF链设置一个前导码检测器，以实现，STA对传输涉及的每个信道进行侦听。
基于图7中STA的物理架构，在执行步骤302，STA通过对每个频段中监测信道进行侦听，实现对传输涉及的每个信道进行侦听，还可以通过以下方式，对传输涉及的每个信道进行侦听，以减少前导码检测器的数量：
设置每个RF链中的模数变换器可以接收多个信道上的信号；或者
划分多个频段，为每个RF链中的模数变换器设置一个对应的频段；
STA对每个RF链分配的信道进行调度，如STA通过SM power Saving模式的信令，上报AP该STA在各个信道计划重配置后所支持的空间复用能力，在收到AP的正确应答指令(ACKnowledge，ACK)后，STA为每个RF链配置对应的信道。例如，STA在数据传输时，有三个RF链在信道1上接受/发送数据，在数据传输完成后，为提高多信道效率，STA将三个RF链分配到不同监测信道，这样，在单个监测信道上支持的空间流数下降，STA需要把减弱的空间复用能力报告给AP。
采用本发明实施例提供的信道接入方法，STA对第一BSS中第一AP指示信息的传输涉及的信道进行侦听，在任意一个信道侦听到PPDU的前导码后，根据前导码中的包含BSS标识以及该前导码的信道强度，将待发送数据发送至第一AP，可以准确的提高对信道状态的判断准确率，从而降低STA抢占信道产生冲突的概率，避免造成传输的数据被干扰，提高了数据传输准确率和信道接入效率。
本发明实施例提供的另一种信道接入方法，可以但不限于在WLAN网络、LTE网络或LTE-U中使用。参阅图8所示，该方法的具体流程包括：
步骤801：STA接收该STA归属的第一BSS中第一接入点AP发送的AP指示信息，所述AP指示信息中携带至少一个信道标识。
具体的，第一AP会向所归属的第一BSS中的每个STA发送该STA对应的AP指示信息，AP指示信息包含信道绑定模式，即传输涉及的至少一个信道的信道标识。STA根据接收到的AP中传输涉及的信道进行数据传输。
步骤802：该STA生成向第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对该至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听。
其中待发送数据为数据包或信令，如RTS、CTS等。
在该STA生成需要向第一AP发送的待发送数据后，需要在AP指示信息中携带的传输涉及的信道进行物理载波侦听和虚拟载波侦听。具体的该STA可以持续对传输涉及的每个信道进行信道侦听，或者，在非数据发送状态下进行侦听，或者，在非数据接收且非前导码接收状态下进行侦听。
其中，该STA生成向第一AP发送的待发送数据后，执行退避之前，还包括：
在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰 信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、正交频分复用OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；在确定所述主信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含所述STA的地址或所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值；或者
在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中不包含所述STA的地址，且不包含所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值。
根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，包括：
若该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为闲；
根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，包括：
若该主信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该主信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该主信道的状态为闲。
退避计数值用于STA执行退避，在经过单位退避时间后，确定退避自减值，并将当前的退避计数值减去退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值，直至确定退避计数值为0，STA才能向第一AP发送待发送数据，该退避自减值可以是预先设定的单位自减值，或者根据当前时刻的实际场景确定的。
步骤803：该STA在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到PPDU的前导码后，对该前导码进行解码，获得该前导码中包含的接收方地址和发送方 地址；并测量该前导码的信号强度。
在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到PPDU的前导码后，对该前导码进行解码，还可以获得该前导码中包含的网络分配矢量(Network Allocation Vector，NAV)信息，该NAV信息中包含有传输所述PPDU占用信道的第一时长。
具体的，可以采用物理载波侦听的方式测量前导码的信道强度。
在侦听到PPDU时，确定该任意一个信道为前导码接收状态，此时停止退避，即退避计数值即使经过单位退避时间，仍然不发生变化。
步骤804：该STA根据获得的接收方地址和发送方地址以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP。
具体的，在执行步骤104时，具体包括以下两种方式：
第一种方式：在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含该STA的地址或第一AP的地址，且该前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，进行数据接收，并在数据接收完成后，执行退避，退避完成后，基于该至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将待发送数据发送至第一AP，第一信号强度阈值为在BSS内避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值；或者
第二种方式：在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中不包含该STA的地址，且不包含第一AP的地址，且该前导码的信道强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，执行退避，退避完成后，基于该至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将待发送数据发送至第一AP，第二信号强度阈值为在BSS间避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值。
在第一种方式中，确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含该STA的地址或第一AP的地址，且该前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，确定该PPDU与STA相关，即该PPDU的接收方是该STA，而发送方即为第一AP，显然，STA不能在任何一个信道传输，否则会造成数据干扰，此时，在第一时长内，将传输涉及的所有信道标记为小区内传输导致信道忙状态，例如，homeBusy状态，且该STA停止退避，该STA需要接收信道中的 PPDU。在接收完成后，继续执行退避，并在退避结束后，将待发送数据发送至第一AP。其中，设置第一信号强度阈值为了在一个BSS内，在第一AP参与数据传输时，避免冲突。
在第二种方式中，确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中不包含该STA的地址，且不包含第一AP的地址，且该前导码的信道强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，确定该PPDU与该STA不相关，即该PPDU为其它BSS中的STA或AP发送的，此时，在第一时长内，将该前导码指示PPDU中有效载荷所在的信道标识为小区间传输导致信道忙状态，例如，nonhomeBusy状态，在传输涉及的信道中有部分信道为nonhomeBusy状态时，STA继续执行退避，直至退避计数值为0时，退避完成，在传输涉及的全部信道，或传输涉及的全部信道中处于空闲状态的信道向第一AP发送待发送数据。
参阅图9所示，例如，STA在信道3中侦听到PPDU的前导码后，判定该前导码包含的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含该STA的地址或第一AP的地址，且该前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值，此时，STA确定该PPDU与自身相关，因此，先进行数据接收，在数据接收完成后，继续执行退避，在退避完成时，向第一AP传输数据；参阅图10所示，例如，STA在信道3中侦听到PPDU的前导码后，判定该前导码包含的接收方地址和发送方地址中不包含该STA的地址，也不包含第一AP的地址，且该前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值，此时，STA确定该PPDU与自身不相关，因此，需要继续执行退避，在退避完成时，向第一AP传输数据。
具体的，在第一种方式中，进行数据接收，包括：
在第一时长内，根据该PPDU中的有效载荷，进行数据接收。具体的，该PPDU的前导码中指示了PPDU的有效载荷中包含数据包的长度、调制方式、信道编码方式、空间多天线传输模式、频域资源分配方式等，因此，可以根据该PPDU中的前导码指示的内容，进行数据接收。
具体的，在第一种方式、以及第二种方式中，在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，执 行退避，退避完成，包括：
继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；
在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述至少一个信道标识中包含的信道标识对应的信道的状态均为闲时，确定状态为闲的信道的数目，并根据所述数目，生成退避自减值，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少所述退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成；
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，执行退避，退避完成，包括：
继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；
在确定所述主信道的状态为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述主信道的状态为闲时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少设定退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成。
例如，在STA和第一AP未约定主信道时，当前退避计数值为15，确定当前状态为闲的信道数目为2，则退避自减值为2，经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值更新为15-2＝13。
在步骤802，STA需要对至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听，这就需要STA对最大传输带宽内包含的所有信道均可以做前导码 检测，因此，在具体实现中，STA需要部署大量的前导码检测器，因此，在保证侦听效率的同时，降低硬件成本，降低前导码检测器的数量。
可选的，AP指示信息中还携带有至少一个监测信道信息，其中，每个监测信道信息中包含一个监测信道、该监测信道所在频段、该监测信道的优先级，每个监测信息中的监测信道的优先级不同，每个监测信息中的监测信道所在频段不同。
在步骤802，STA对至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听，包括：
确定该至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段；
根据该至少一个监测信道信息，确定每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段对应的监测信道，以及该监测信道的优先级；
在确定的监测信道的优先级中，筛选出最低的优先级为第一优先级；
在所有监测信道中，筛选出优先级高于第一优先级的监测信道；
对筛选出的每个监测信道进行侦听，将侦听结果作为处于该检测信道所在频段内的信道的侦听结果。
为了降低成本，降低前导码检测器的数量，同时提高侦听效率，在本实施例中，在前导码出现概率较高的信道中部署前导码检测器。STA还可以在与第一AP协商了如图6所示CB Mode后，采用图7所示的物理架构执行步骤802，STA通过对每个频段中监测信道进行侦听，实现对传输涉及的每个信道进行侦听，还可以通过以下方式，对传输涉及的每个信道进行侦听，以减少前导码检测器的数量：
设置每个RF链中的模数变换器可以接收多个信道上的信号；或者
划分多个频段，为每个RF链中的模数变换器设置一个对应的频段；
STA对每个RF链分配的信道进行调度。
采用本发明实施例提供的信道接入方法，STA对第一BSS中第一AP指示信息的传输涉及的信道进行侦听，在任意一个信道侦听到PPDU的前导码后，根据前导码中的包含接收方地址和发送方地址，以及该前导码的信道强 度，将待发送数据发送至第一AP，可以准确的提高对信道状态的判断准确率，从而降低STA抢占信道产生冲突的概率，避免造成传输的数据被干扰，提高了数据传输准确率和信道接入效率。
在以上实施例中，判断每个信道状态时，可以测量干扰功率强度、信号能量、OFDM符号循环特征等参数，即对信道进行功率检测、能量检测、OFDM符号循环特性检测等，在一信道的任意一个参数超过对应的设定阈值时，判断该信道状态为忙；在所有参数均未超过对应的设定阈值时，判断该信道状态为闲。在实际应用场景中，可以测量WIFI信号功率检测，其中，WIFI信号包括：NON_HT，HT_MF，HT_GF，VHT PPDU，HE PPDU等。
参阅图11所示，在信道中的PPDU为WIFI数据包(WLAN包)时，STA在各个状态进行转换，其中第一BSS为该STA所属的BSS：
STA处于信道侦听状态，在检查到WLAN包时，进入前导接收状态；在退避完成时，进入发送状态；
STA处于发送状态，在发送完成时，继续进行信道侦听状态；
STA处于前导接收状态，在检测到WLAN包前导码的循环冗余校验码(Cyclic Redundancy Check，CRC)校验失败，或前导码包含的BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识不一致，或前导码包含的BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识一致，但有效载荷并不包含有关本STA的传输时，进入信道侦听状态；在检测到新的前导码信号强度大于当前前导码的信号强度，且两个前导码的信号强度差值大于设定第一门限时，继续进行前导接收状态，此时接收的为新的前导码；在确定WLAN包为HE包，且前导包含的BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识一致，且有效载荷包含有关本STA的传输，进入HE格式有效载荷接收状态；在确定WLAN包为非HE包，进入非HE格式有效载荷接收状态；
STA处于HE格式有效载荷接收状态，在有效载荷接收完成时，进入信道侦听状态；
STA处于非HE格式有效载荷接收状态，在有效载荷接收完成时，也进入 信道侦听状态；在检查到新的前导码信号强度大于该非HE格式有效载荷的信号强度时，且两个信号强度门限高于设定第二门限，进入前导接收状态，接收新的前导码。
在以上实施例中，STA根据解码前导码得到的占用信道的第一时长，设定信道占用时间的计时器1，具体的，满足以下条件时，若信道占用时间的计时器处于空闲状态，则将该信道占用时间的计时器1设置为第一时长；若信道占用时间计时器1处于非空闲状态，则将该信道占用时间的计时器1设置为第一时长和当前剩余时间中的最大值，参阅图12：
确定该前导码包含的BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且前导码的信号强度高于第一信号强度阈值；或者
确定该前导码包含的BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识相同；或者
确定该前导码包含的BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且前导码的信号强度高于第二信号强度阈值。
可选的，根据以上前导码中BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识的关系，可以将该信道占用时间的计时器1分为该信道占用时间的计时器1a和该信道占用时间的计时器1b，参阅图13、14所示：
在满足：该前导码包含的BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且前导码的信号强度高于第一信号强度阈值，或者该前导码包含的BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识相同时，若信道占用时间的计时器1a处于空闲状态，则将该信道占用时间的计时器1a设置为第一时长；若信道占用时间计时器1a处于非空闲状态，则将该信道占用时间的计时器1a设置为第一时长和当前剩余时间中的最大值；
在满足该前导码包含的BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且前导码的信号强度高于第二信号强度阈值时，若信道占用时间的计时器1b处于空闲状态，则将该信道占用时间的计时器1b设置为第一时长；若信道占用时间计时器1b处于非空闲状态，则将该信道占用时间的计时器1b设置为第一时长和当前剩余时间中的最大值。
参阅图15所示，在接收有效载荷成功后，也可能获得占用信道的第二时长，则可以再设置一个信道占用时间的计时器2，与设置上述信道占用时间的计时器相同，若信道占用时间的计时器2处于空闲状态，则将该信道占用时间的计时器设置为第二时长；若信道占用时间计时器2处于非空闲状态，则将该信道占用时间的计时器2设置为第二时长和当前剩余时间中的最大值。
需要说明的是，在本发明实施例中，前导码中解码出的BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识相同，表示前导码所在的PPDU是与该STA相关的，同理，前导码中解码获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含该STA的地址或第一AP的地址，也表示表示前导码所在的PPDU是与该STA相关的。因此，在上述条件中，还可以将条件：前导码中BSS标识与第一BSS的BSS标识相同，替换为：前导码中的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含该STA的地址或第一AP的地址，本发明实施例不再赘述。
根据以上论述，在STA与第一AP约定了主信道时，可以自主接入信道，进行数据发送的条件为：信道占用时间的计时器1a处于空闲状态，即第一AP为空闲状态；传输涉及的信道或所有监测信道未处于前导接收状态，即当前信道没有数据包；主信道的功率检测、WIFI信号功率检测等确定主信道状态为闲，信道占用时间的计时器1b处于空闲状态，且信道占用时间的计时器2处于空闲状态，即主信道未被除第一BSS以外的其它BSS使用；STA处于信道侦听状态，即STA未参与其它通信。满足以上条件后，STA进行退避，并在退避完成后，向第一AP发送待发送数据。
在STA与第一AP约定了主信道时，可以由于AP触发接入信道，进行数据接收的条件为：主信道的功率检测、WIFI信号功率检测等确定主信道状态为闲，信道占用时间的计时器1b处于空闲状态，且信道占用时间的计时器2处于空闲状态，即主信道未被除第一BSS以外的其它BSS使用。
在STA未与第一AP约定主信道时，可以自主接入信道，进行数据发送的条件为：信道占用时间的计时器1a处于空闲状态，即第一AP为空闲状态；传输涉及的信道或所有监测信道未处于前导接收状态，即当前信道没有数据 包；传输涉及的信道中，至少一个信道的功率检测、WIFI信号功率检测等确定该信道状态为闲，信道占用时间的计时器1b处于空闲状态，且信道占用时间的计时器2处于空闲状态，即该信道未被除第一BSS以外的其它BSS使用；STA处于信道侦听状态，即STA未参与其它通信。满足以上条件后，STA进行退避，并在退避完成后，向第一AP发送待发送数据。
在STA与第一AP约定了主信道时，可以由于AP触发接入信道，进行数据接收的条件为：传输涉及的信道中，至少一个信道的功率检测、WIFI信号功率检测等确定主信道状态为闲，信道占用时间的计时器1b处于空闲状态，且信道占用时间的计时器2处于空闲状态，即该信道未被除第一BSS以外的其它BSS使用。
基于以上实施例，参阅图16所示，本发明实施例还提供了一种STA，该STA 1600包括：通信单元1601、侦听单元1602，以及处理单元1603，其中，
通信单元1601，用于接收站点STA归属的第一基本服务集合BSS中第一接入点AP发送的AP指示信息，所述AP指示信息中携带至少一个信道标识；
侦听单元1602，用于在生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听；
处理单元1603，用于在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到物理层协议数据单元PPDU的前导码后，对所述前导码进行解码，获得所述前导码中包含的BSS标识；并测量所述前导码的信号强度；
所述通信单元1601，还用于根据获得的所述BSS标识以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP。
可选的，所述通信单元1601，用于：
在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，进行数据接收，并在数据接收完成后，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第一信号强度阈值为在BSS内避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值；或者
在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第二信号强度阈值为在BSS间避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值。
可选的，所述处理单元1603，还用于：
对所述前导码进行解码之后，获得所述前导码中包含的占用信道的第一时长。
可选的，所述通信单元1601，在进行数据接收时，用于：
在所述第一时长内，根据所述PPDU中的有效载荷，进行数据接收。
可选的，该STA 1600还包括：
生成单元1604，用于在所述侦听单元1602生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，所述通信单元1601执行退避之前，生成退避计数值；
所述生成单元1604，在生成退避计数值时，用于：
在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、正交频分复用OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；在确定所述主信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值；或者
在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值。
可选的，所述生成单元1604，在根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态时，用于：
若该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为闲；
所述生成单元1604，在根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态时，用于：
若该主信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该主信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该主信道的状态为闲。
可选的，在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述通信单元1601，在执行退避时，用于：
继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；
在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述至少一个信道标识中包含的信道标识对应的信道的状态均为闲时，确定状态为闲的信道的数目，并根据所述数目，生成退避自减值，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少所述退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成；
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述通信单元1601，在执行退避时，用于：
继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；
在确定所述主信道的状态为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述主信道的状态为闲时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少设定退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成。
可选的，所述AP指示信息中还携带有至少一个监测信道信息，其中，每个监测信道信息中包含一个监测信道、该监测信道所在频段、该监测信道的优先级，每个监测信息中的监测信道的优先级不同，每个监测信息中的监测信道所在频段不同。
可选的，所述侦听单元1602，用于：
确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段；
根据所述至少一个监测信道信息，确定每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段对应的监测信道，以及该监测信道的优先级；
在确定的监测信道的优先级中，筛选出最低的优先级为第一优先级；
在所有监测信道中，筛选出优先级高于第一优先级的监测信道；
对筛选出的每个监测信道进行侦听，将侦听结果作为处于该监测信道所在频段内的信道的侦听结果。
基于以上实施例，参阅图17所示，本发明实施例还提供了一种STA，该STA 1700包括：通信单元1701、侦听单元1702，以及处理单元1703，其中，
通信单元1701，用于接收站点STA归属的第一基本服务集合BSS中第一接入点AP发送的AP指示信息，所述AP指示信息中携带至少一个信道标识；
侦听单元1702，用于在生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听；
处理单元1703，用于在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到物理层协 议数据单元PPDU的前导码后，对所述前导码进行解码，获得所述前导码中包含的接收方地址和发送方地址；并测量所述前导码的信号强度；
所述通信单元1701，还用于根据获得的接收方地址和发送方地址以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP。
可选的，所述通信单元1701，用于：
在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含所述STA的地址或所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，进行数据接收，并在数据接收完成后，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第一信号强度阈值为在BSS内避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值；或者
在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中不包含所述STA的地址，且不包含所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第二信号强度阈值为在BSS间避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值。
可选的，所述处理单元1703，还用于：
对所述前导码进行解码之后，获得所述前导码中包含的占用信道的第一时长。
可选的，所述通信单元1701，在进行数据接收时，用于：
在所述第一时长内，根据所述PPDU中的有效载荷，进行数据接收。
可选的，该STA 1700还包括：
生成单元1704，用于在所述侦听单元1702生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，所述通信单元1701执行退避之前，生成退避计数值；
所述生成单元1704，在生成退避计数值时，用于：
在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号 参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、正交频分复用OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；在确定所述主信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含所述STA的地址或所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值；或者
在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中不包含所述STA的地址，且不包含所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值。
可选的，所述生成单元1704，在根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态时，用于：
若该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为闲；
所述生成单元1704，在根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态时，用于：
若该主信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该主信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该主信道的状态为闲。
可选的，在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述通信单元1701，在执行退避时，用于：
继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；
在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述至少一个信道标识中包含的信道标识对应的信道的状态均为闲时，确定状态为闲的信道的数目，并根据所述数目，生成退避自减值，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少所述退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成；
在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述通信单元1701，在执行退避时，用于：
继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；
在确定所述主信道的状态为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
在确定所述主信道的状态为闲时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少设定退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成。
可选的，所述AP指示信息中还携带有至少一个监测信道信息，其中，每个监测信道信息中包含一个监测信道、该监测信道所在频段、该监测信道的优先级，每个监测信息中的监测信道的优先级不同，每个监测信息中的监测信道所在频段不同。
可选的，所述侦听单元1702，用于：
确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段；
根据所述至少一个监测信道信息，确定每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段对应的监测信道，以及该监测信道的优先级；
在确定的监测信道的优先级中，筛选出最低的优先级为第一优先级；
在所有监测信道中，筛选出优先级高于第一优先级的监测信道；
对筛选出的每个监测信道进行侦听，将侦听结果作为处于该监测信道所在频段内的信道的侦听结果。
基于上述实施例，本发明实施例还提供了一种STA，该STA各类终端设备、无线传感器等，参阅图18所示，该终端包括：收发器1801、处理器1802、总线1803以及存储器1804，其中：
收发器1801、处理器1802以及存储器1804通过总线1803相互连接；总线1803可以是外设部件互连标准(peripheral component interconnect，PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(extended industry standard architecture，EISA)总线等。所述总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图18中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
收发器1801用于与其它设备进行通信，如接收该STA 1800归属的第一BSS中第一AP发送的AP指示信息，接收第一AP发送的数据，以及向第一AP发送待发送数据等。
处理器1802用于实现本发明实施例图3所示的信道接入方法，包括：
接收所述STA1800归属的第一BSS中第一AP发送的AP指示信息，所述AP指示信息中携带至少一个信道标识；
在该STA1800生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听；
在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到PPDU的前导码后，对所述前导码进行解码，获得所述前导码中包含的BSS标识；并测量所述前导码的信号强度；
根据获得的所述BSS标识以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP。
该STA 1800还包括存储器1804，用于存放程序。具体地，程序可以包括程序代码，该程序代码包括计算机操作指令。存储器1804可能包含随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)，也可能还包括非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如至少一个磁盘存储器。处理器1802执行存储器1804所存放的应用程序，实现如上信道接入方法。
基于上述实施例，本发明实施例还提供了一种STA，该STA各类终端设备、无线传感器等，参阅图19所示，该终端包括：收发器1901、处理器1902、总线1903以及存储器1904，其中：
收发器1901、处理器1902以及存储器1904通过总线1903相互连接；总线1903可以是外设部件互连标准(peripheral component interconnect，PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(extended industry standard architecture，EISA)总线等。所述总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图19中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
收发器1901用于与其它设备进行通信，如接收该STA 1900归属的第一BSS中第一AP发送的AP指示信息，接收第一AP发送的数据，以及向第一AP发送待发送数据等。
处理器1902用于实现本发明实施例图8所示的信道接入方法，包括：
接收所述STA 1900归属的第一BSS中第一AP发送的AP指示信息，所述AP指示信息中携带至少一个信道标识；
在所述STA1900生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听；
在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到PPDU的前导码后，对所述前导码进行解码，获得所述前导码中包含的接收方地址和发送方地址；并测量所述前导码的信号强度；
根据获得的接收方地址和发送方地址以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP。
该STA 1900还包括存储器1904，用于存放程序。具体地，程序可以包括 程序代码，该程序代码包括计算机操作指令。存储器1904可能包含随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)，也可能还包括非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如至少一个磁盘存储器。处理器1902执行存储器1904所存放的应用程序，实现如上信道接入方法。
综上所述，通过本发明实施例中提供的一种信道接入方法及STA，STA对第一BSS中第一AP指示信息的传输涉及的信道进行侦听，在任意一个信道侦听到PPDU的前导码后，根据前导码中的包含BSS标识，或者接收方地址和发送方地址，以及该前导码的信道强度，将待发送数据发送至第一AP，可以准确的提高对信道状态的判断准确率，从而降低STA抢占信道产生冲突的概率，避免造成传输的数据被干扰，提高了数据传输准确率和信道接入效率。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本发明的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本发明可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本发明可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或 多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明实施例的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明实施例的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (36)

  1. 一种信道接入方法，其特征在于，包括：
    站点STA接收所述STA归属的第一基本服务集合BSS中第一接入点AP发送的AP指示信息，所述AP指示信息中携带至少一个信道标识；
    所述STA生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听；
    所述STA在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到物理层协议数据单元PPDU的前导码后，对所述前导码进行解码，获得所述前导码中包含的BSS标识；并测量所述前导码的信号强度；
    所述STA根据获得的所述BSS标识以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA根据获得的所述BSS标识以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，包括：
    在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，所述STA进行数据接收，并在数据接收完成后，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第一信号强度阈值为在BSS内避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值；或者
    在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，所述STA执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第二信号强度阈值为在BSS间避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA对所述前导码进行解码之后，还包括：
    获得所述前导码中包含的占用信道的第一时长。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA进行数据接收，包括：
    在所述第一时长内，根据所述PPDU中的有效载荷，进行数据接收。
  5. 如权利要求2-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，执行退避之前，还包括：
    在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、正交频分复用OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
    在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；在确定所述主信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
    在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，所述STA生成退避计数值；或者
    在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，所述STA生成退避计数值。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，包括：
    若该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该信道标识对 应的信道的状态为闲；
    根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，包括：
    若该主信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该主信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该主信道的状态为闲。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA执行退避，退避完成，包括：
    继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；
    在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
    在确定所述至少一个信道标识中包含的信道标识对应的信道的状态均为闲时，确定状态为闲的信道的数目，并根据所述数目，生成退避自减值，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少所述退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成；
    在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA执行退避，退避完成，包括：
    继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；
    在确定所述主信道的状态为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
    在确定所述主信道的状态为闲时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少设定退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态， 直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP指示信息中还携带有至少一个监测信道信息，其中，每个监测信道信息中包含一个监测信道、该监测信道所在频段、该监测信道的优先级，每个监测信息中的监测信道的优先级不同，每个监测信息中的监测信道所在频段不同。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA对所述信道信息对应至少一个信道进行侦听，包括：
    确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段；
    根据所述至少一个监测信道信息，确定每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段对应的监测信道，以及该监测信道的优先级；
    在确定的监测信道的优先级中，筛选出最低的优先级为第一优先级；
    在所有监测信道中，筛选出优先级高于第一优先级的监测信道；
    对筛选出的每个监测信道进行侦听，将侦听结果作为处于该监测信道所在频段内的信道的侦听结果。
  10. 一种信道接入方法，其特征在于，包括：
    站点STA接收所述STA归属的第一基本服务集合BSS中第一接入点AP发送的AP指示信息，所述AP指示信息中携带至少一个信道标识；
    所述STA生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听；
    所述STA在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到物理层协议数据单元PPDU的前导码后，对所述前导码进行解码，获得所述前导码中包含的接收方地址和发送方地址；并测量所述前导码的信号强度；
    所述STA根据获得的接收方地址和发送方地址以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA根据获得的接收方地址和发送方地址以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，包括：
    在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含所述STA的地址或所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，所述STA进行数据接收，并在数据接收完成后，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第一信号强度阈值为在BSS内避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值；或者
    在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中不包含所述STA的地址，且不包含所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，所述STA执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第二信号强度阈值为在BSS间避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA对所述前导码进行解码之后，还包括：
    获得所述前导码中包含的占用信道的第一时长。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA进行数据接收，包括：
    在所述第一时长内，根据所述PPDU中的有效载荷，进行数据接收。
  14. 如权利要求11-13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，执行退避之前，还包括：
    在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、正交频分复用OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
    在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据 测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；在确定所述主信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
    在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含所述STA的地址或所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，所述STA生成退避计数值；或者
    在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中不包含所述STA的地址，且不包含所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，所述STA生成退避计数值。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，包括：
    若该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为闲；
    根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，包括：
    若该主信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该主信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该主信道的状态为闲。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA执行退避，退避完成，包括：
    继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；
    在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
    在确定所述至少一个信道标识中包含的信道标识对应的信道的状态均为 闲时，确定状态为闲的信道的数目，并根据所述数目，生成退避自减值，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少所述退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成；
    在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述STA执行退避，退避完成，包括：
    继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；
    在确定所述主信道的状态为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
    在确定所述主信道的状态为闲时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少设定退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成。
  17. 如权利要求10-16任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP指示信息中还携带有至少一个监测信道信息，其中，每个监测信道信息中包含一个监测信道、该监测信道所在频段、该监测信道的优先级，每个监测信息中的监测信道的优先级不同，每个监测信息中的监测信道所在频段不同。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述STA对所述信道信息对应至少一个信道进行侦听，包括：
    确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段；
    根据所述至少一个监测信道信息，确定每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段对应的监测信道，以及该监测信道的优先级；
    在确定的监测信道的优先级中，筛选出最低的优先级为第一优先级；
    在所有监测信道中，筛选出优先级高于第一优先级的监测信道；
    对筛选出的每个监测信道进行侦听，将侦听结果作为处于该监测信道所 在频段内的信道的侦听结果。
  19. 一种站点，其特征在于，包括：
    通信单元，用于接收站点STA归属的第一基本服务集合BSS中第一接入点AP发送的AP指示信息，所述AP指示信息中携带至少一个信道标识；
    侦听单元，用于在生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听；
    处理单元，用于在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到物理层协议数据单元PPDU的前导码后，对所述前导码进行解码，获得所述前导码中包含的BSS标识；并测量所述前导码的信号强度；
    所述通信单元，还用于根据获得的所述BSS标识以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的STA，其特征在于，所述通信单元，用于：
    在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，进行数据接收，并在数据接收完成后，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第一信号强度阈值为在BSS内避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值；或者
    在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第二信号强度阈值为在BSS间避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的STA，其特征在于，所述处理单元，还用于：
    对所述前导码进行解码之后，获得所述前导码中包含的占用信道的第一时长。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的STA，其特征在于，所述通信单元，在进行数据接收时，用于：
    在所述第一时长内，根据所述PPDU中的有效载荷，进行数据接收。
  23. 如权利要求20-22任一项所述的STA，其特征在于，还包括：
    生成单元，用于在所述侦听单元生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，所述通信单元执行退避之前，生成退避计数值；
    所述生成单元，在生成退避计数值时，用于：
    在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、正交频分复用OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
    在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；在确定所述主信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
    在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识相同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值；或者
    在确定获得的所述BSS标识与所述第一BSS的BSS标识不同，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的STA，其特征在于，所述生成单元，在根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态时，用于：
    若该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为闲；
    所述生成单元，在根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的 状态时，用于：
    若该主信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该主信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该主信道的状态为闲。
  25. 如权利要求23或24所述的STA，其特征在于，在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述通信单元，在执行退避时，用于：
    继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；
    在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
    在确定所述至少一个信道标识中包含的信道标识对应的信道的状态均为闲时，确定状态为闲的信道的数目，并根据所述数目，生成退避自减值，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少所述退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成；
    在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述通信单元，在执行退避时，用于：
    继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；
    在确定所述主信道的状态为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
    在确定所述主信道的状态为闲时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少设定退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成。
  26. 如权利要求19-25任一项所述的STA，其特征在于，所述AP指示信息中还携带有至少一个监测信道信息，其中，每个监测信道信息中包含一个监测信道、该监测信道所在频段、该监测信道的优先级，每个监测信息中的监测信道的优先级不同，每个监测信息中的监测信道所在频段不同。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的STA，其特征在于，所述侦听单元，用于：
    确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段；
    根据所述至少一个监测信道信息，确定每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段对应的监测信道，以及该监测信道的优先级；
    在确定的监测信道的优先级中，筛选出最低的优先级为第一优先级；
    在所有监测信道中，筛选出优先级高于第一优先级的监测信道；
    对筛选出的每个监测信道进行侦听，将侦听结果作为处于该监测信道所在频段内的信道的侦听结果。
  28. 一种站点，其特征在于，包括：
    通信单元，用于接收站点STA归属的第一基本服务集合BSS中第一接入点AP发送的AP指示信息，所述AP指示信息中携带至少一个信道标识；
    侦听单元，用于在生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，对所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道进行侦听；
    处理单元，用于在任意一个信道标识对应的信道，侦听到物理层协议数据单元PPDU的前导码后，对所述前导码进行解码，获得所述前导码中包含的接收方地址和发送方地址；并测量所述前导码的信号强度；
    所述通信单元，还用于根据获得的接收方地址和发送方地址以及所述前导码的信号强度，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的STA，其特征在于，所述通信单元，用于：
    在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含所述STA的地址或所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，进行数据接收，并在数据接收完成后，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第一 信号强度阈值为在BSS内避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值；或者
    在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中不包含所述STA的地址，且不包含所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，执行退避，退避完成后，基于所述至少一个信道标识对应的信道，将所述待发送数据发送至所述第一AP，所述第二信号强度阈值为在BSS间避免信号干扰的信号强度经验值。
  30. 如权利要求29所述的STA，其特征在于，所述处理单元，还用于：
    对所述前导码进行解码之后，获得所述前导码中包含的占用信道的第一时长。
  31. 如权利要求30所述的STA，其特征在于，所述通信单元，在进行数据接收时，用于：
    在所述第一时长内，根据所述PPDU中的有效载荷，进行数据接收。
  32. 如权利要求29-31任一项所述的STA，其特征在于，还包括：
    生成单元，用于在所述侦听单元生成向所述第一AP发送的待发送数据后，所述通信单元执行退避之前，生成退避计数值；
    所述生成单元，在生成退避计数值时，用于：
    在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、正交频分复用OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
    在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；在确定所述主信道的状态均为忙时，生成退避计数值，其中，干扰信号参数为干扰功率强度、信号能量、 OFDM符号循环特性中任一项或组合；或者
    在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中包含所述STA的地址或所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第一信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值；或者
    在确定获得的接收方地址和发送方地址中不包含所述STA的地址，且不包含所述第一AP的地址，且所述前导码的信号强度大于设定的第二信号强度阈值时，生成退避计数值。
  33. 如权利要求32所述的STA，其特征在于，所述生成单元，在根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态时，用于：
    若该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态为闲；
    所述生成单元，在根据测量的主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态时，用于：
    若该主信道的干扰信号参数中任一项大于该项对应的设定阈值时，确定该主信道的状态为忙；否则，确定该主信道的状态为闲。
  34. 如权利要求32或33所述的STA，其特征在于，在所述STA与所述第一AP未在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述通信单元，在执行退避时，用于：
    继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态；
    在确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的状态均为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
    在确定所述至少一个信道标识中包含的信道标识对应的信道的状态均为闲时，确定状态为闲的信道的数目，并根据所述数目，生成退避自减值，在 经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少所述退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该信道标识对应的信道的干扰信号参数，确定该信道标识对应的信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成；
    在所述STA与所述第一AP在所述至少一个信道标识中约定一个信道标识对应的信道为主信道时，所述通信单元，在执行退避时，用于：
    继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态；
    在确定所述主信道的状态为忙时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值不变；
    在确定所述主信道的状态为闲时，在经过单位退避时间后，退避计数值减少设定退避自减值，生成新的退避计数值；继续周期性测量所述主信道的干扰信号参数，根据测量的该主信道的干扰信号参数，确定该主信道的状态，直至所述退避计数值为0，退避完成。
  35. 如权利要求28-34任一项所述的STA，其特征在于，所述AP指示信息中还携带有至少一个监测信道信息，其中，每个监测信道信息中包含一个监测信道、该监测信道所在频段、该监测信道的优先级，每个监测信息中的监测信道的优先级不同，每个监测信息中的监测信道所在频段不同。
  36. 如权利要求35所述的STA，其特征在于，所述侦听单元，用于：
    确定所述至少一个信道标识中的每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段；
    根据所述至少一个监测信道信息，确定每个信道标识对应的信道所在频段对应的监测信道，以及该监测信道的优先级；
    在确定的监测信道的优先级中，筛选出最低的优先级为第一优先级；
    在所有监测信道中，筛选出优先级高于第一优先级的监测信道；
    对筛选出的每个监测信道进行侦听，将侦听结果作为处于该监测信道所在频段内的信道的侦听结果。
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