WO2016188069A1 - 风力发电机的振动抑制方法及装置 - Google Patents

风力发电机的振动抑制方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016188069A1
WO2016188069A1 PCT/CN2015/095569 CN2015095569W WO2016188069A1 WO 2016188069 A1 WO2016188069 A1 WO 2016188069A1 CN 2015095569 W CN2015095569 W CN 2015095569W WO 2016188069 A1 WO2016188069 A1 WO 2016188069A1
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Prior art keywords
generator
value
given value
current
electromagnetic
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PCT/CN2015/095569
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘勇
张虓赫
赵祥
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北京金风科创风电设备有限公司
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Priority to AU2015396604A priority Critical patent/AU2015396604B2/en
Priority to EP15893137.8A priority patent/EP3306809B1/en
Priority to KR1020177034973A priority patent/KR102008085B1/ko
Priority to US15/576,107 priority patent/US10340831B2/en
Publication of WO2016188069A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016188069A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/0085—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed
    • H02P21/0089—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed using field weakening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/05—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for damping motor oscillations, e.g. for reducing hunting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/06—Rotor flux based control involving the use of rotor position or rotor speed sensors
    • H02P21/10—Direct field-oriented control; Rotor flux feed-back control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/22—Current control, e.g. using a current control loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7064—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the alternating current (A.C.) type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of wind power, and in particular to a vibration suppression method and device for a wind power generator.
  • Wind turbines are important devices for achieving mechanical energy-electric energy conversion.
  • Wind turbines have electromagnetic waves of various frequencies such as fundamental wave and harmonic frequency, cogging frequency and multiplier, and the mechanical structure of the stator and rotor of wind turbines is also very complicated.
  • the force wave order and frequency of the electromagnetic force of the generator correspond to the mode order frequency and frequency of the stator and rotor mechanical structure of the generator respectively, resonance occurs, and the vibration and noise problems are prominent. Therefore, by reducing the magnetic load of the generator, that is, reducing the electromagnetic force acting on the stator and rotor of the generator, the vibration amplitude of the stator and rotor of the generator can be reduced, and the vibration and noise of the generator can be suppressed, thereby achieving the purpose of vibration reduction and noise reduction.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a vibration suppression method and apparatus for a wind power generator, which can achieve generator vibration and noise suppression without changing the mechanical structure and electromagnetic design of the generator, and does not affect the power density and force energy index of the generator. Equal performance without increasing the complexity and manufacturing cost of the generator manufacturing process.
  • the invention provides a vibration suppression method for a wind power generator, comprising: calculating a given value of a weak magnetic control parameter of a generator according to a given value of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and a frequency of the generator; The setpoint of the control parameters controls the generator.
  • the invention also provides a vibration suppression device for a wind power generator, comprising: a calculation module, configured to calculate a generator according to a given value of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and a frequency of the generator a given value of the field weakening control parameter; a control module for controlling the generator according to a given value of the weak field control parameter of the generator.
  • the vibration suppression method and device for a wind power generator obtained by the invention obtains a given value of a weak magnetic control parameter of the generator according to a given value of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and a frequency of the generator, and according to the weak magnetic control parameter of the generator
  • the set value controls the generator, and the magnetic load of the generator is reduced by the field weakening control, thereby realizing the suppression of generator vibration and noise. Since there is no need to change the mechanical structure and electromagnetic design of the generator, the power density and the force index of the generator are not affected, and the complexity and manufacturing cost of the generator manufacturing process are not increased.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a vibration suppression method for a wind power generator according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of still another embodiment of a vibration suppression method for a wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of calculating a given value of a weak magnetic control parameter of a generator in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of still another embodiment of a vibration suppression method for a wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of calculating a given value of a weak magnetic control parameter of a generator in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a vibration suppression device for a wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of still another embodiment of a vibration suppression device for a wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of still another embodiment of a vibration suppression device for a wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a vibration suppression method for a wind power generator provided by the present invention schematic diagram. As shown in FIG. 1 , the vibration suppression method of the wind power generator of the embodiment may specifically include:
  • the weak magnetic control parameter of the generator in this embodiment may be specifically determined according to the control mode of the generator.
  • the generator weakening control parameters in the present embodiment as a generator axis current setpoint I d_ref generator and the quadrature axis current setpoint I q_ref.
  • the generator weakening control parameter in the embodiment of the present embodiment is the generator flux value ⁇ f_ref given and the electromagnetic torque setpoint T e_ref.
  • the vibration suppression method for the wind power generator provides a given value of the weak magnetic control parameter of the generator according to the given value of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and the frequency of the generator, and according to the weak magnetic control parameter of the generator
  • the set value controls the generator, and the magnetic load of the generator is reduced by the field weakening control, that is, the electromagnetic force acting on the stator and rotor of the generator is reduced, the vibration amplitude of the stator and rotor of the generator is reduced, and power generation is realized.
  • Machine vibration and noise suppression Since there is no need to change the mechanical structure and electromagnetic design of the generator, the power density and the force index of the generator are not affected, and the complexity and manufacturing cost of the generator manufacturing process are not increased.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of still another embodiment of a vibration suppression method for a wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • the vibration suppression method of the wind power generator of the present embodiment gives a specific implementation manner of the vibration suppression method of the wind power generator of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 (specifically, current vector control of the generator)
  • the vibration suppression method of the wind power generator of the embodiment may specifically include:
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of calculating the given value of the weak magnetic control parameter of the generator according to the given value of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and the frequency of the generator in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 .
  • this step may specifically include the following steps S2011-S2015:
  • this step is based on Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) control (also known as maximum torque current ratio control or optimal torque control), and is optimized according to the electromagnetic characteristics of the generator.
  • MTPA Maximum Torque Per Ampere
  • the combination of the direct current component of the generator and the cross current component of the generator satisfies the maximum output torque of the generator under unit current.
  • the generator direct-axis current component ie, the maximum output torque optimization value I d_MTPA of the generator direct-axis current
  • P e_ref of the electromagnetic active power of the generator.
  • the generator cross-axis current component ie, the maximum output torque optimization value I q_MTPA of the generator cross-axis current
  • the MTPA control in this step can be implemented by using various existing MTPA control methods, such as an analytical method or a finite element analysis method, which will not be described herein, and can also be implemented by a look-up table method through preliminary experimental tests.
  • the electromagnetic force of the generator is reduced to suppress the vibration and noise of the generator, which is an important link for suppressing the vibration and noise of the generator through the weak magnetic control.
  • the maximum output torque optimization value I q_MTPA of the generator cross shaft current has been obtained by the above step S2011, and the frequency f of the generator can be calculated according to the following formula:
  • n is the rotational speed of the generator and can be obtained by measurement.
  • p n is the number of pole pairs of the generator.
  • the first weak magnetic reference value I d_FW1_ref of the direct current of the generator takes a value of zero.
  • the first weak magnetic reference value I d_FW1_ref of the direct current of the generator can be calculated according to the following formula:
  • I a_rated_max is the maximum value of the rated phase current of the generator, which is determined according to the rated heat value of the generator itself.
  • the frequency range in which vibration and noise suppression are required can be determined by the following process: analyzing the mode order frequency and frequency of the stator and rotor mechanical structure of the generator and the force wave of the electromagnetic force of the generator Order and frequency, find the overlap of the order and frequency, and test to determine the frequency at which the generator needs to suppress vibration and noise, and use the frequency range of plus or minus 5% centered on the frequency as the need to suppress vibration and noise. Frequency Range.
  • the step is based on the field weakening control.
  • the weak magnetic control technique is used to make the actual value U a_active of the generator phase voltage no longer rise. Even if the generator is running in the range where the actual value of the generator phase voltage U a_active is less than or equal to the maximum output voltage U output_max of the converter , the generator is changed from the constant torque operation mode to the constant power operation mode to expand the speed range of the generator. .
  • the maximum output voltage U output_max of the converter can be obtained from the converter DC bus voltage U dc .
  • the voltage difference U diff between the actual value of the generator phase voltage U a — active and the maximum output voltage U output — max of the converter is input to a voltage PI regulator (proportional integral regulator) to adjust the second current of the generator direct current Weak magnetic setpoint I d_FW2_ref .
  • the field weakening control in this step can be implemented by various existing weak magnetic control methods, and will not be described herein.
  • the first weak magnetic reference value I d_FW1_ref of the direct current of the generator has been obtained by the above step S2012
  • the maximum output torque optimized value I d_MTPA of the direct current of the generator has been obtained through the above step S2011
  • the direct shaft of the generator The second weak magnetic reference value I d_FW2_ref of the current has been obtained by the above step S2013.
  • the given value I d_ref of the direct current of the generator has been obtained through the above step S2014, and the given value P e_ref of the electromagnetic active power of the generator is known, so the given value I q_ref of the AC current of the generator can be based on the following The formula is calculated:
  • I q_ref (1.5P e_ref -U d I d_ref )/U q
  • U d is the direct-axis voltage of the generator and U q is the cross-axis voltage of the generator.
  • the given value I d_ref of the direct current of the generator has been obtained by the above step S2014
  • the given value I q_ref of the AC current of the generator has been obtained by the above step S2015
  • the converter is given according to the direct current of the generator.
  • the vibration suppression method of the wind power generator of the embodiment calculates the given value of the direct current of the generator and the given value of the AC current of the generator according to the given value of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and the frequency of the generator, and According to the given value of the direct current of the generator and the given value of the AC current of the generator, the current vector control is performed on the generator, and the magnetic load of the generator is reduced by the field weakening control, that is, the stator and rotor of the generator are reduced.
  • the electromagnetic force on the machine reduces the vibration amplitude of the stator and rotor of the generator, and achieves the suppression of generator vibration and noise. Since there is no need to change the mechanical structure and electromagnetic design of the generator, the power density and the force index of the generator are not affected, and the complexity and manufacturing cost of the generator manufacturing process are not increased.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of still another embodiment of a vibration suppression method for a wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • the vibration suppression method of the wind power generator of the present embodiment provides another specific implementation manner of the vibration suppression method of the wind power generator of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 (specifically, direct conversion of the generator)
  • the vibration suppression method of the wind power generator of the embodiment may specifically include:
  • the electromagnetic generator according to a given value of active power setpoint T e_ref calculating frequency f P e_ref generator and a generator to obtain a given flux value ⁇ f_ref and the electromagnetic torque.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of calculating the given value of the weak magnetic control parameter of the generator according to the given value of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and the frequency of the generator in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 5, this step may specifically include the following steps S4011-S4015:
  • S4011 obtains the maximum output torque optimized value T e_MTPA of the generator electromagnetic torque and the maximum output torque optimized value ⁇ f_MTPA of the generator flux according to the given value P e_ref of the electromagnetic active power of the generator.
  • this step is based on the MTPA control, and according to the electromagnetic characteristics of the generator, the optimal combination of the generator flux linkage and the generator electromagnetic torque is obtained, which satisfies the maximum output torque of the generator under the unit current.
  • the generator flux linkage ie the maximum output torque optimization value of the generator flux linkage ⁇ f_MTPA
  • the generator are optimally configured according to the given value P e_ref of the electromagnetic active power of the generator.
  • the electromagnetic torque ie the maximum output torque optimization value T e_MTPA of the generator electromagnetic torque
  • the MTPA control in this step can be implemented by using various existing MTPA control methods, such as an analytical method or a finite element analysis method, which will not be described herein, and can also be implemented by a look-up table method through preliminary experimental tests.
  • S4012 Obtain a first weak magnetic reference value ⁇ f_FW1_ref of the generator flux linkage according to a maximum output torque optimization value T e_MTPA of the generator electromagnetic torque and a frequency f of the generator.
  • the electromagnetic force of the generator is reduced to suppress the vibration and noise of the generator, which is an important link for suppressing the vibration and noise of the generator through the weak magnetic control.
  • the maximum output torque optimized value T e_MTPA of the generator electromagnetic torque has been obtained by the above step S4011, and the frequency f of the generator can be calculated according to the following formula:
  • n is the rotational speed of the generator and can be obtained by measurement.
  • p n is the number of pole pairs of the generator.
  • the first weak magnetic reference ⁇ f_FW1_ref of the generator flux linkage is taken as a given value of the rated flux linkage ⁇ f_rated_ref .
  • the first weak magnetic reference ⁇ f_FW1_ref of the generator flux linkage can be calculated according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ f_FW1_ref (U a_active -R a I a_rated_max )/ ⁇ e
  • U a_active is the actual value of the generator phase voltage
  • R a is the resistance value of the generator stator winding
  • I a_rated_max is the maximum value of the rated phase current of the generator, determined according to the rated heat value of the generator itself
  • ⁇ e is the power generation
  • p n is the number of pole pairs of the generator.
  • n is the speed of the generator and can be obtained by measurement.
  • step S2012 For the determination process of the frequency range in which vibration and noise are to be suppressed, refer to the related description in step S2012 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, and details are not described herein again.
  • the step is based on the field weakening control.
  • the weak magnetic control technique is used to make the actual value U a_active of the generator phase voltage no longer rise. Even if the generator is running in the range where the actual value of the generator phase voltage U a_active is less than or equal to the maximum output voltage U output_max of the converter , the generator is changed from the constant torque operation mode to the constant power operation mode to expand the speed range of the generator. .
  • the maximum output voltage U output_max of the converter can be obtained from the converter DC bus voltage U dc .
  • the voltage difference U diff between the actual value of the generator phase voltage U a — active and the maximum output voltage U output — max of the converter is input to the voltage PI regulator to adjust the second weak magnetic reference value of the generator flux linkage ⁇ f_FW2_ref .
  • the field weakening control in this step can be implemented by various existing weak magnetic control methods, and will not be described herein.
  • the first weak magnetic reference value ⁇ f_FW1_ref of the generator flux linkage is obtained by the above step S4012, and the maximum output torque optimized value ⁇ f_MTPA of the generator flux linkage has been obtained by the above step S4011, and the generator flux linkage is obtained.
  • the second weak magnetic setpoint ⁇ f_FW2_ref has been obtained by the above step S4013.
  • S4015 calculates a given value T e_ref of the electromagnetic torque of the generator according to a given value ⁇ f_ref of the generator flux linkage.
  • the given value ⁇ f_ref of the generator flux linkage is obtained by the above step S4014, so the given value T e_ref of the electromagnetic torque of the generator can be calculated according to the following formula:
  • T e_ref 1.5P n ( ⁇ f_ ⁇ _ref I ⁇ - ⁇ f_ ⁇ _ref I ⁇ )
  • the given value ⁇ f_ref of the generator flux linkage is obtained by the above step S4014, and the given value T e_ref of the electromagnetic torque of the generator has been obtained by the above step S4015, and the converter is based on the given value of the generator flux linkage.
  • ⁇ f_ref and the setpoint T e_ref of the generator electromagnetic torque provide direct torque control to the generator.
  • the converter operates in a field weakening control mode to suppress vibration and noise of the generator.
  • the vibration suppression method of the wind power generator of the embodiment calculates the given value of the generator flux linkage and the given value of the electromagnetic torque of the generator according to the given value of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and the frequency of the generator, and according to The given value of the generator flux linkage and the given value of the electromagnetic torque of the generator directly control the generator, and the magnetic load of the generator is reduced by the field weakening control, that is, the acting on the stator and rotor of the generator is reduced.
  • the electromagnetic force reduces the vibration amplitude of the generator stator and rotor, and achieves the suppression of generator vibration and noise. Since there is no need to change the mechanical structure and electromagnetic design of the generator, the power density and the force index of the generator are not affected, and the complexity and manufacturing cost of the generator manufacturing process are not increased.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a vibration suppression device for a wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • the vibration suppressing apparatus of the wind power generator of the present embodiment can execute the vibration suppressing method of the wind power generator of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the vibration suppression device of the wind power generator of the embodiment may include: a calculation module 61 and a control module 62.
  • a calculation module 61 configured to calculate a given value of the weak magnetic control parameter of the generator according to a given value P e_ref of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and a frequency f of the generator
  • the control module 62 is configured to weaken the magnetic field according to the generator The setpoint of the control parameters controls the generator.
  • the vibration suppression device of the wind power generator calculates the given value of the weak magnetic control parameter of the generator according to the given value of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and the frequency of the generator, and according to the weak magnetic control parameter of the generator
  • the set value controls the generator, and the magnetic load of the generator is reduced by the field weakening control, that is, the electromagnetic force acting on the stator and rotor of the generator is reduced, the vibration amplitude of the stator and rotor of the generator is reduced, and power generation is realized.
  • Machine vibration and noise suppression Since there is no need to change the mechanical structure and electromagnetic design of the generator, the power density and the force index of the generator are not affected, and the complexity and manufacturing cost of the generator manufacturing process are not increased.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of still another embodiment of a vibration suppression device for a wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • the vibration suppressing device of the wind power generator of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 7 gives a specific structure of the vibration suppressing device of the wind power generator of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 (specifically, the current vector control of the generator)
  • the vibration suppression method of the wind power generator of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 described above can be executed.
  • the calculation module 61 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 may be specifically configured to calculate a given value I d_ref of the direct current of the generator according to a given value P e_ref of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and a frequency f of the generator.
  • the setpoint I q_ref of the generator cross shaft current.
  • the control module 62 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 can be specifically configured to perform current vector control on the generator according to a given value I d — ref of the direct current of the generator and a given value I q — ref of the AC current of the generator.
  • the calculation module 61 may specifically include: a first direct-axis current field weakening control sub-module 71, configured to obtain a current of the generator direct-axis current according to a given value P e_ref of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and a frequency f of the generator a weak magnetic reference value I d_FW1_ref ; a direct current current selection sub-module 72 for the first weak magnetic reference value I d_FW1_ref according to the direct current of the generator, and the maximum output torque optimized value I d_MTPA of the direct current of the generator generator and the direct-axis field weakening current second setpoint generator I d_FW2_ref obtain the direct axis current value I d - REF; a quadrature axis current calculation sub-module 73, the generator according to the direct-axis current value I The d_ref and the given value of the electromagnetic active power of the generator P e_ref are calculated to obtain the given value I q_ref of
  • the first direct-axis current field weakening control sub-module 71 may specifically include: a cross-axis current maximum torque/current control unit 74 for obtaining a generator cross-axis current according to a given value P e_ref of the electromagnetic active power of the generator The maximum output torque optimization value I q_MTPA ; the direct-axis current field weakening control unit 75 is configured to obtain the generator direct-axis current according to the maximum output torque optimization value I q_MTPA of the generator cross-axis current and the frequency f of the generator A weak magnetic reference value I d_FW1_ref .
  • the calculation module 61 may further include: a direct-axis current maximum torque/current control sub-module 76 for obtaining a maximum output torque optimization value of the generator direct-axis current according to a given value P e_ref of the electromagnetic active power of the generator. I d_MTPA ; a second direct-axis current field weakening control sub-module 77 for obtaining a second weak magnetic reference value of the generator direct-axis current according to the actual value U a_active of the generator phase voltage and the maximum output voltage U output_max of the converter I d_FW2_ref .
  • cross-axis current maximum torque/current control unit 74 and the direct-axis current maximum torque/current control sub-module 76 can be implemented by one module.
  • the vibration suppression device of the wind power generator of the embodiment calculates the given value of the direct current of the generator and the given value of the AC current of the generator according to the given value of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and the frequency of the generator, and According to the given value of the direct current of the generator and the given value of the AC current of the generator, the current vector control is performed on the generator, and the magnetic load of the generator is reduced by the field weakening control, that is, the stator and rotor of the generator are reduced.
  • the electromagnetic force on the machine reduces the vibration amplitude of the stator and rotor of the generator, and achieves the suppression of generator vibration and noise. Since there is no need to change the mechanical structure and electromagnetic design of the generator, the power density and the force index of the generator are not affected, and the complexity and manufacturing cost of the generator manufacturing process are not increased.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of still another embodiment of a vibration suppression device for a wind power generator according to the present invention.
  • the vibration suppression device of the wind power generator of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 8 gives a specific structure of the vibration suppression device of the wind power generator of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 (specifically, direct torque control of the generator)
  • the vibration suppression method of the wind power generator of the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 described above can be executed.
  • the calculation module 61 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 may be specifically configured to calculate a given value of the generator flux linkage ⁇ f_ref and generate electricity according to a given value P e_ref of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and a frequency f of the generator.
  • the given value of the electromagnetic torque of the machine T e_ref may be specifically configured to calculate a given value of the generator flux linkage ⁇ f_ref and generate electricity according to a given value P e_ref of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and a frequency f of the generator.
  • Embodiment shown in FIG. 6 embodiment of the control module 62 may be specifically for a given value ⁇ f_ref and electromagnetic torque setpoint T e_ref direct torque control of the generator the generator according Flux.
  • the calculating module 61 may specifically include: a first flux linkage weakening control sub-module 81, configured to obtain a first weakening of the generator flux linkage according to a given value P e_ref of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and a frequency f of the generator
  • the magnetic reference value ⁇ f_FW1_ref the flux linkage selection sub-module 82 is used for the first weak magnetic reference value ⁇ f_FW1_ref of the generator flux linkage, the maximum output torque optimization value of the generator flux linkage ⁇ f_MTPA and the generator flux linkage
  • the second weak magnetic reference value ⁇ f_FW2_ref obtains a given value of the generator flux linkage ⁇ f_ref
  • the electromagnetic torque calculation sub-module 83 is configured to calculate the electromagnetic torque of the generator according to the given value ⁇ f_ref of the generator flux linkage The given value T e_ref .
  • the first flux linkage weakening control sub-module 81 may specifically include: an electromagnetic torque maximum torque/current control unit 84 for obtaining the electromagnetic torque of the generator according to the given value P e_ref of the electromagnetic active power of the generator.
  • the maximum output torque optimization value T e_MTPA the flux linkage field weakening control unit 85 is configured to obtain the first field weakening of the generator flux linkage according to the maximum output torque optimization value T e_MTPA of the generator electromagnetic torque and the frequency f of the generator The given value ⁇ f_FW1_ref .
  • the calculation module 61 may further include: a flux linkage maximum torque/current control sub-module 86 for obtaining a maximum output torque optimization value of the generator flux linkage according to a given value P e_ref of the generator electromagnetic active power ⁇ f_MTPA
  • the second flux linkage weakening control sub-module 87 is configured to obtain a second weak magnetic reference value ⁇ f_FW2_ref of the generator flux linkage according to the actual value U a_active of the generator phase voltage and the maximum output voltage U output_max of the converter .
  • the functions of the electromagnetic torque maximum torque/current control unit 84 and the flux linkage maximum torque/current control sub-module 86 can be implemented by one module.
  • the vibration suppression device of the wind power generator of the embodiment calculates the given value of the generator flux linkage and the given value of the electromagnetic torque of the generator according to the given value of the electromagnetic active power of the generator and the frequency of the generator, and according to The given value of the generator flux linkage and the given value of the generator electromagnetic torque directly control the generator, and the magnetic load of the generator is reduced by the field weakening control.
  • the electromagnetic force acting on the stator and rotor of the generator is reduced, the vibration amplitude of the stator and rotor of the generator is reduced, and the vibration and noise of the generator are suppressed. Since there is no need to change the mechanical structure and electromagnetic design of the generator, the power density and the force index of the generator are not affected, and the complexity and manufacturing cost of the generator manufacturing process are not increased.
  • vibration suppression method and device for the wind power generator provided by the present invention are also applicable to other generators or motors.

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Abstract

一种风力发电机振动和噪声抑制方法及装置。该方法包括：根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值（S101）；根据所述发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值对发电机进行控制（S102）。该方法和装置通过弱磁控制减小了发电机的磁负荷，实现了发电机振动和噪声的抑制。

Description

风力发电机的振动抑制方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及风电技术领域，尤其涉及一种风力发电机的振动抑制方法及装置。
背景技术
风力发电机是实现机械能-电能转换的重要装置。风力发电机中存在基波和谐波频率、齿槽频率及其倍频等多种频率的电磁力，且风力发电机的定转子机械结构模态也十分复杂。当发电机的电磁力的力波阶数和频率分别与发电机的定转子机械结构模态的振型阶数和频率对应时会发生共振，振动和噪声问题十分突出。因此可通过减小发电机的磁负荷，即降低作用在发电机定转子上的电磁力，减小发电机定转子振动幅度，实现发电机振动和噪声的抑制，达到减振降噪的目的。
现有技术中，主要通过改变发电机的机械结构和电磁设计，例如增大发电机气隙长度、优化磁极形状、斜槽(即将线圈在发电机定转子上倾斜排放)或斜极(即将磁极倾斜)等，来减小发电机的磁负荷。
然而，发电机机械结构和电磁设计的改变，一方面降低了发电机的功率密度和力能指标等性能，另一方面增加了发电机制造工艺的复杂性和制造成本。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供一种风力发电机的振动抑制方法及装置，无需改变发电机的机械结构和电磁设计即可实现发电机振动和噪声的抑制，不影响发电机的功率密度和力能指标等性能，且不增加发电机制造工艺的复杂性和制造成本。
为达到上述目的，本发明的实施例采用如下技术方案：
本发明提供一种风力发电机的振动抑制方法，包括：根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值；根据所述发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值对发电机进行控制。
本发明还提供一种风力发电机的振动抑制装置，包括：计算模块，用于根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机 弱磁控制参数的给定值；控制模块，用于根据所述发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值对发电机进行控制。
本发明提供的风力发电机的振动抑制方法及装置，根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值，并根据发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值对发电机进行控制，通过弱磁控制减小了发电机的磁负荷，实现了发电机振动和噪声的抑制。由于无需改变发电机的机械结构和电磁设计，因此不影响发电机的功率密度和力能指标等性能，且不增加发电机制造工艺的复杂性和制造成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的风力发电机的振动抑制方法一个实施例的流程示意图；
图2为本发明提供的风力发电机的振动抑制方法又一个实施例的流程示意图；
图3为图2所示实施例中计算发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值的流程示意图；
图4为本发明提供的风力发电机的振动抑制方法又一个实施例的流程示意图；
图5为图4所示实施例中计算发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值的流程示意图；
图6为本发明提供的风力发电机的振动抑制装置一个实施例的结构示意图；
图7为本发明提供的风力发电机的振动抑制装置又一个实施例的结构示意图；
图8为本发明提供的风力发电机的振动抑制装置又一个实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明实施例风力发电机的振动抑制方法及装置进行详细描述。
实施例一
图1为本发明提供的风力发电机的振动抑制方法一个实施例的流程 示意图。如图1所示，本实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制方法具体可以包括：
S101，根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref和发电机的频率f计算得到发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值。
S102，根据发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值对发电机进行控制。
具体的，本实施例中的发电机弱磁控制参数具体可以根据发电机的控制方式确定。例如，当对发电机进行电流矢量控制时，本实施例中的发电机弱磁控制参数为发电机直轴电流的给定值Id_ref和发电机交轴电流的给定值Iq_ref。当对发电机进行直接转矩控制时，本实施例中的发电机弱磁控制参数为发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref和发电机电磁转矩的给定值Te_ref。
本实施例提供的风力发电机的振动抑制方法，根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值，并根据发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值对发电机进行控制，通过弱磁控制减小了发电机的磁负荷，即降低了作用在发电机定转子上的电磁力，减小了发电机定转子的振动幅度，实现了发电机振动和噪声的抑制。由于无需改变发电机的机械结构和电磁设计，因此不影响发电机的功率密度和力能指标等性能，且不增加发电机制造工艺的复杂性和制造成本。
实施例二
图2为本发明提供的风力发电机的振动抑制方法又一个实施例的流程示意图。如图2所示，本实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制方法给出了图1所示实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制方法的一种具体实现方式(具体为对发电机进行电流矢量控制的情况)，本实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制方法具体可以包括：
S201，根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref和发电机的频率f计算得到发电机直轴电流的给定值Id_ref和发电机交轴电流的给定值Iq_ref。
具体的，图3为图2所示实施例中根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值的流程示意图。如图3所示，本步骤具体可以包括以下步骤S2011-S2015：
S2011，根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref获得发电机交轴电 流的最大输出转矩优化值Iq_MTPA和发电机直轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值Id_MTPA。
具体的，本步骤基于最大转矩/电流(Maximum Torque Per Ampere，简称MTPA)控制(也称为最大转矩电流比控制或最优转矩控制)，根据发电机的电磁特性得出最优的发电机直轴电流分量和发电机交轴电流分量组合，满足单位电流下发电机的输出转矩最大。在发电机输出转矩给定的情况下，根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref最优配置发电机直轴电流分量(即发电机直轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值Id_MTPA)和发电机交轴电流分量(即发电机交轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值Iq_MTPA)，可以使发电机组的性能得到优化，提高运行效率，减小发电机铜损功率，降低对发电机的容量要求。本步骤中的MTPA控制可以采用现有的各种MTPA控制方法实现，例如解析法或有限元分析法等，此处不再赘述，也可以通过预先实验测试通过查表法实现。
S2012，根据发电机交轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值Iq_MTPA和发电机的频率f获得发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值Id_FW1_ref。
具体的，本步骤中根据变流器的最大弱磁能力，减小发电机的电磁力以抑制发电机的振动和噪声，是通过弱磁控制抑制发电机的振动和噪声的重要环节。发电机交轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值Iq_MTPA已通过上述步骤S2011得到，发电机的频率f可以根据以下公式计算得到：
Figure PCTCN2015095569-appb-000001
其中，n为发电机的转速，可通过测量得到。pn为发电机的极对数。
当发电机的频率f位于需要抑制振动和噪声的频率范围外时，发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值Id_FW1_ref取值为0。当发电机的频率f位于需要抑制振动和噪声的频率范围内时，发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值Id_FW1_ref可以根据以下公式计算得到：
Figure PCTCN2015095569-appb-000002
其中，Ia_rated_max为发电机额定相电流的最大值，根据发电机自身的额定热量值确定。
需要抑制振动和噪声的频率范围可以通过以下过程确定：分析发电机的定转子机械结构模态的振型阶数和频率以及发电机的电磁力的力波 阶数和频率，找出阶数和频率重叠区域，并通过测试，确定发电机需要抑制振动和噪声的频率，并将以该频率为中心正负5％的频率范围作为需要抑制振动和噪声的频率范围。
S2013，根据发电机相电压的实际值Ua_active和变流器最大输出电压Uoutput_max获得发电机直轴电流的第二弱磁给定值Id_FW2_ref。
具体的，本步骤基于弱磁控制，当发电机相电压的实际值Ua_active达到变流器最大输出电压Uoutput_max时，采用弱磁控制技术使发电机相电压的实际值Ua_active不再升高，即使发电机运行在发电机相电压的实际值Ua_active小于或者等于变流器最大输出电压Uoutput_max范围内，发电机从恒转矩运行方式变换为恒功率运行方式，扩大发电机的转速范围。变流器最大输出电压Uoutput_max可以根据变流器直流母线电压Udc得到。将发电机相电压的实际值Ua_active和变流器最大输出电压Uoutput_max之间的电压差值Udiff输入至电压PI调节器(比例积分调节器)，以调节发电机直轴电流的第二弱磁给定值Id_FW2_ref。本步骤中的弱磁控制可以采用现有的各种弱磁控制方法实现，此处不再赘述。
S2014，根据发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值Id_FW1_ref、发电机直轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值Id_MTPA和发电机直轴电流的第二弱磁给定值Id_FW2_ref获得发电机直轴电流的给定值Id_ref。
具体的，发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值Id_FW1_ref已通过上述步骤S2012得到，发电机直轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值Id_MTPA已通过上述步骤S2011得到，发电机直轴电流的第二弱磁给定值Id_FW2_ref已通过上述步骤S2013得到。当发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值Id_FW1_ref和发电机直轴电流的第二弱磁给定值Id_FW2_ref均为0时，将发电机直轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值Id_MTPA作为发电机直轴电流的给定值Id_ref，即Id_ref＝Id_MTPA。当发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值Id_FW1_ref和发电机直轴电流的第二弱磁给定值Id_FW2_ref至少有一个不为0时，将发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值Id_FW1_ref和发电机直轴电流的第二弱磁给定值Id_FW2_ref中的较小值作为发电机直轴电流的给定值Id_ref，即Id_ref＝Min(Id_FW1_ref，Id_FW2_ref)。
S2015，根据发电机直轴电流的给定值Id_ref和发电机电磁有功功率 的给定值Pe_ref计算得到发电机交轴电流的给定值Iq_ref。
具体的，发电机直轴电流的给定值Id_ref已通过上述步骤S2014得到，发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref已知，因此发电机交轴电流的给定值Iq_ref可以根据以下公式计算得到：
Iq_ref＝(1.5Pe_ref-UdId_ref)/Uq
其中，Ud为发电机的直轴电压，Uq为发电机的交轴电压。
S202，根据发电机直轴电流的给定值Id_ref和发电机交轴电流的给定值Iq_ref对发电机进行电流矢量控制。
具体的，发电机直轴电流的给定值Id_ref已通过上述步骤S2014得到，发电机交轴电流的给定值Iq_ref已通过上述步骤S2015得到，变流器根据发电机直轴电流的给定值Id_ref和发电机交轴电流的给定值Iq_ref对发电机进行电流矢量控制。当发电机的频率f运行至需要抑制振动和噪声的频率范围内时，变流器采用弱磁控制方式运行，以抑制发电机的振动和噪声。
本实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制方法，根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机直轴电流的给定值和发电机交轴电流的给定值，并根据发电机直轴电流的给定值和发电机交轴电流的给定值对发电机进行电流矢量控制，通过弱磁控制减小了发电机的磁负荷，即降低了作用在发电机定转子上的电磁力，减小了发电机定转子的振动幅度，实现了发电机振动和噪声的抑制。由于无需改变发电机的机械结构和电磁设计，因此不影响发电机的功率密度和力能指标等性能，且不增加发电机制造工艺的复杂性和制造成本。
实施例三
图4为本发明提供的风力发电机的振动抑制方法又一个实施例的流程示意图。如图4所示，本实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制方法给出了图1所示实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制方法的另一种具体实现方式(具体为对发电机进行直接转矩控制的情况)，本实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制方法具体可以包括：
S401，根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref和发电机的频率f计算得到发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref和发电机电磁转矩的给定值Te_ref。
具体的，图5为图4所示实施例中根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值的流程示意图。如图5所示，本步骤具体可以包括以下步骤S4011-S4015：
S4011，根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref获得发电机电磁转矩的最大输出转矩优化值Te_MTPA和发电机磁链的最大输出转矩优化值Ψf_MTPA。
具体的，本步骤基于MTPA控制，根据发电机的电磁特性得出最优的发电机磁链和发电机电磁转矩组合，满足单位电流下发电机的输出转矩最大。在发电机输出转矩给定的情况下，根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref最优配置发电机磁链(即发电机磁链的最大输出转矩优化值Ψf_MTPA)和发电机电磁转矩(即发电机电磁转矩的最大输出转矩优化值Te_MTPA)，可以使发电机组的性能得到优化，提高运行效率，减小发电机铜损功率，降低对发电机的容量要求。本步骤中的MTPA控制可以采用现有的各种MTPA控制方法实现，例如解析法或有限元分析法等，此处不再赘述，也可以通过预先实验测试通过查表法实现。
S4012，根据发电机电磁转矩的最大输出转矩优化值Te_MTPA和发电机的频率f获得发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值Ψf_FW1_ref。
具体的，本步骤中根据变流器的最大弱磁能力，减小发电机的电磁力以抑制发电机的振动和噪声，是通过弱磁控制抑制发电机的振动和噪声的重要环节。发电机电磁转矩的最大输出转矩优化值Te_MTPA已通过上述步骤S4011得到，发电机的频率f可以根据以下公式计算得到：
Figure PCTCN2015095569-appb-000003
其中，n为发电机的转速，可通过测量得到。pn为发电机的极对数。
当发电机的频率f位于需要抑制振动和噪声的频率范围外时，发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值Ψf_FW1_ref取值为额定磁链的给定值Ψf_rated_ref。当发电机的频率f位于需要抑制振动和噪声的频率范围内时，发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值Ψf_FW1_ref可以根据以下公式计算得到：
Ψf_FW1_ref＝(Ua_active-RaIa_rated_max)/ωe
Figure PCTCN2015095569-appb-000004
其中，Ua_active为发电机相电压的实际值，Ra为发电机定子绕组的电阻值，Ia_rated_max为发电机额定相电流的最大值，根据发电机自身的额定热量值确定，ωe为发电机的电角速度，pn为发电机的极对数。n为发电机的转速，可通过测量得到。
需要抑制振动和噪声的频率范围的确定过程可参见图2所示实施例中步骤S2012中的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
S4013，根据发电机相电压的实际值Ua_active和变流器最大输出电压Uoutput_max获得发电机磁链的第二弱磁给定值Ψf_FW2_ref。
具体的，本步骤基于弱磁控制，当发电机相电压的实际值Ua_active达到变流器最大输出电压Uoutput_max时，采用弱磁控制技术使发电机相电压的实际值Ua_active不再升高，即使发电机运行在发电机相电压的实际值Ua_active小于或者等于变流器最大输出电压Uoutput_max范围内，发电机从恒转矩运行方式变换为恒功率运行方式，扩大发电机的转速范围。变流器最大输出电压Uoutput_max可以根据变流器直流母线电压Udc得到。将发电机相电压的实际值Ua_active和变流器最大输出电压Uoutput_max之间的电压差值Udiff输入至电压PI调节器，以调节发电机磁链的第二弱磁给定值Ψf_FW2_ref。本步骤中的弱磁控制可以采用现有的各种弱磁控制方法实现，此处不再赘述。
S4014，根据发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值Ψf_FW1_ref、发电机磁链的最大输出转矩优化值Ψf_MTPA和发电机磁链的第二弱磁给定值Ψf_FW2_ref获得发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref。
具体的，发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值Ψf_FW1_ref已通过上述步骤S4012得到，发电机磁链的最大输出转矩优化值Ψf_MTPA已通过上述步骤S4011得到，发电机磁链的第二弱磁给定值Ψf_FW2_ref已通过上述步骤S4013得到。当发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值Ψf_FW1_ref和发电机磁链的第二弱磁给定值Ψf_FW2_ref均为额定磁链的给定值Ψf_rated_ref时，将发电机磁链的最大输出转矩优化值Ψf_MTPA作为发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref，即Ψf_ref＝Ψf_MTPA。当发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值Ψf_FW1_ref和发电机磁链的第二弱磁给定值Ψf_FW2_ref至少有一个不为额定磁链的给定值Ψf_rated_ref时，将发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值Ψf_FW1_ref和发电机磁链的第 二弱磁给定值Ψf_FW2_ref中的较小值作为发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref，即Ψf_ref＝Min(Ψf_FW1_ref，Ψf_FW2_ref)。
S4015，根据发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref计算得到发电机电磁转矩的给定值Te_ref。
具体的，发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref已通过上述步骤S4014得到，因此发电机电磁转矩的给定值Te_ref可以根据以下公式计算得到：
Te_ref＝1.5Pn(Ψf_α_refIβ-Ψf_β_refIα)
其中，pn为发电机的极对数，Ψf_α_ref为发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref的轴分量，Ψf_β_ref为发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref的轴分量，Iα为发电机的轴电流，Iβ为发电机的轴电流。
S402，根据发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref和发电机电磁转矩的给定值Te_ref对发电机进行直接转矩控制。
具体的，发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref已通过上述步骤S4014得到，发电机电磁转矩的给定值Te_ref已通过上述步骤S4015得到，变流器根据发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref和发电机电磁转矩的给定值Te_ref对发电机进行直接转矩控制。当发电机的频率f运行至需要抑制振动和噪声的频率范围内时，变流器采用弱磁控制方式运行，以抑制发电机的振动和噪声。
本实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制方法，根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机磁链的给定值和发电机电磁转矩的给定值，并根据发电机磁链的给定值和发电机电磁转矩的给定值对发电机进行直接转矩控制，通过弱磁控制减小了发电机的磁负荷，即降低了作用在发电机定转子上的电磁力，减小了发电机定转子的振动幅度，实现了发电机振动和噪声的抑制。由于无需改变发电机的机械结构和电磁设计，因此不影响发电机的功率密度和力能指标等性能，且不增加发电机制造工艺的复杂性和制造成本。
实施例四
图6为本发明提供的风力发电机的振动抑制装置一个实施例的结构示意图。如图6所示，本实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制装置可以执行上述图1所示实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制方法。具体的，本实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制装置可以包括：计算模块61和控制模块62。 其中：计算模块61，用于根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref和发电机的频率f计算得到发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值；控制模块62，用于根据发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值对发电机进行控制。
具体的，本实施例中各模块实现其功能的具体过程可参见图1所示实施例中的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
本实施例提供的风力发电机的振动抑制装置，根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值，并根据发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值对发电机进行控制，通过弱磁控制减小了发电机的磁负荷，即降低了作用在发电机定转子上的电磁力，减小了发电机定转子的振动幅度，实现了发电机振动和噪声的抑制。由于无需改变发电机的机械结构和电磁设计，因此不影响发电机的功率密度和力能指标等性能，且不增加发电机制造工艺的复杂性和制造成本。
实施例五
图7为本发明提供的风力发电机的振动抑制装置又一个实施例的结构示意图。如图7所示本实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制装置给出了图6所示实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制装置的一种具体结构(具体为对发电机进行电流矢量控制的情况)，可执行上述图2所示实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制方法。具体的，图6所示实施例中的计算模块61具体可以用于根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref和发电机的频率f计算得到发电机直轴电流的给定值Id_ref和发电机交轴电流的给定值Iq_ref。
图6所示实施例中的控制模块62具体可以用于根据发电机直轴电流的给定值Id_ref和发电机交轴电流的给定值Iq_ref对发电机进行电流矢量控制。
进一步的，计算模块61具体可以包括：第一直轴电流弱磁控制子模块71，用于根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref和发电机的频率f获得发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值Id_FW1_ref；直轴电流选择子模块72，用于根据发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值Id_FW1_ref、发电机直轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值Id_MTPA和发电机直轴电流的第二弱磁给定值Id_FW2_ref获得发电机直轴电流的给定值Id_ref；交轴电流计算子模块73，用于根据发电机直轴电流的给定值Id_ref和发电机电磁有功功率的给定值 Pe_ref计算得到发电机交轴电流的给定值Iq_ref。
进一步的，第一直轴电流弱磁控制子模块71具体可以包括：交轴电流最大转矩/电流控制单元74，用于根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref获得发电机交轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值Iq_MTPA；直轴电流弱磁控制单元75，用于根据发电机交轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值Iq_MTPA和发电机的频率f获得发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值Id_FW1_ref。
进一步的，计算模块61还可以包括：直轴电流最大转矩/电流控制子模块76，用于根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref获得发电机直轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值Id_MTPA；第二直轴电流弱磁控制子模块77，用于根据发电机相电压的实际值Ua_active和变流器最大输出电压Uoutput_max获得发电机直轴电流的第二弱磁给定值Id_FW2_ref。
具体的，本实施例中各模块、子模块、单元实现其功能的具体过程可参见图2所示实施例中的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
此处需要说明的是，在实际应用中，交轴电流最大转矩/电流控制单元74和直轴电流最大转矩/电流控制子模块76的功能可以由一个模块实现。
本实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制装置，根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机直轴电流的给定值和发电机交轴电流的给定值，并根据发电机直轴电流的给定值和发电机交轴电流的给定值对发电机进行电流矢量控制，通过弱磁控制减小了发电机的磁负荷，即降低了作用在发电机定转子上的电磁力，减小了发电机定转子的振动幅度，实现了发电机振动和噪声的抑制。由于无需改变发电机的机械结构和电磁设计，因此不影响发电机的功率密度和力能指标等性能，且不增加发电机制造工艺的复杂性和制造成本。
实施例六
图8为本发明提供的风力发电机的振动抑制装置又一个实施例的结构示意图。如图8所示本实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制装置给出了图6所示实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制装置的一种具体结构(具体为对发电机进行直接转矩控制的情况)，可执行上述图4所示实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制方法。
具体的，图6所示实施例中的计算模块61具体可以用于根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref和发电机的频率f计算得到发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref和发电机电磁转矩的给定值Te_ref。
图6所示实施例中的控制模块62具体可以用于根据发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref和发电机电磁转矩的给定值Te_ref对发电机进行直接转矩控制。
进一步的，计算模块61具体可以包括：第一磁链弱磁控制子模块81，用于根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref和发电机的频率f获得发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值Ψf_FW1_ref；磁链选择子模块82，用于根据发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值Ψf_FW1_ref、发电机磁链的最大输出转矩优化值Ψf_MTPA和发电机磁链的第二弱磁给定值Ψf_FW2_ref获得发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref；电磁转矩计算子模块83，用于根据发电机磁链的给定值Ψf_ref计算得到发电机电磁转矩的给定值Te_ref。
进一步的，第一磁链弱磁控制子模块81具体可以包括：电磁转矩最大转矩/电流控制单元84，用于根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref获得发电机电磁转矩的最大输出转矩优化值Te_MTPA；磁链弱磁控制单元85，用于根据发电机电磁转矩的最大输出转矩优化值Te_MTPA和发电机的频率f获得发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值Ψf_FW1_ref。
进一步的，计算模块61还可以包括：磁链最大转矩/电流控制子模块86，用于根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值Pe_ref获得发电机磁链的最大输出转矩优化值Ψf_MTPA；第二磁链弱磁控制子模块87，用于根据发电机相电压的实际值Ua_active和变流器最大输出电压Uoutput_max获得发电机磁链的第二弱磁给定值Ψf_FW2_ref。
具体的，本实施例中各模块、子模块、单元实现其功能的具体过程可参见图4所示实施例中的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
此处需要说明的是，在实际应用中，电磁转矩最大转矩/电流控制单元84和磁链最大转矩/电流控制子模块86的功能可以由一个模块实现。
本实施例的风力发电机的振动抑制装置，根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机磁链的给定值和发电机电磁转矩的给定值，并根据发电机磁链的给定值和发电机电磁转矩的给定值对发电机进行直接转矩控制，通过弱磁控制减小了发电机的磁负荷，即降 低了作用在发电机定转子上的电磁力，减小了发电机定转子的振动幅度，实现了发电机振动和噪声的抑制。由于无需改变发电机的机械结构和电磁设计，因此不影响发电机的功率密度和力能指标等性能，且不增加发电机制造工艺的复杂性和制造成本。
此处需要说明的是，本发明提供的风力发电机的振动抑制方法及装置同样适用于其他的发电机或电动机。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种风力发电机的振动抑制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值；
    根据所述发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值对发电机进行控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值包括：
    根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和所述发电机的频率计算得到发电机直轴电流的给定值和发电机交轴电流的给定值；
    所述根据所述发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值对发电机进行控制包括：
    根据所述发电机直轴电流的给定值和所述发电机交轴电流的给定值对发电机进行电流矢量控制。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和所述发电机的频率计算得到发电机直轴电流的给定值和发电机交轴电流的给定值包括：
    根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和所述发电机的频率获得发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值；
    根据所述发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值、发电机直轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值和发电机直轴电流的第二弱磁给定值获得所述发电机直轴电流的给定值；
    根据所述发电机直轴电流的给定值和所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值计算得到所述发电机交轴电流的给定值。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和所述发电机的频率获得发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值包括：
    根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值获得发电机交轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值；
    根据所述发电机交轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值和所述发电机的频率获得所述发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和所述发电机的频率计算得到发电机直轴电 流的给定值和发电机交轴电流的给定值还包括：
    根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值获得所述发电机直轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值；
    根据发电机相电压的实际值和变流器最大输出电压获得所述发电机直轴电流的第二弱磁给定值。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机的弱磁控制参数的给定值包括：
    根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和所述发电机的频率计算得到发电机磁链的给定值和发电机电磁转矩的给定值；
    所述根据所述发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值对发电机进行控制包括：
    根据所述发电机磁链的给定值和所述发电机电磁转矩的给定值对发电机进行直接转矩控制。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和所述发电机的频率计算得到发电机磁链的给定值和发电机电磁转矩的给定值包括：
    根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和所述发电机的频率获得发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值；
    根据所述发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值、发电机磁链的最大输出转矩优化值和发电机磁链的第二弱磁给定值获得所述发电机磁链的给定值；
    根据所述发电机磁链的给定值计算得到所述发电机电磁转矩的给定值。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和所述发电机的频率获得发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值包括：
    根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值获得发电机电磁转矩的最大输出转矩优化值；
    根据所述发电机电磁转矩的最大输出转矩优化值和所述发电机的频率获得所述发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和所述发电机的频率计算得到发电机磁链的 给定值和发电机电磁转矩的给定值还包括：
    根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值获得所述发电机磁链的最大输出转矩优化值；
    根据发电机相电压的实际值和变流器最大输出电压获得所述发电机磁链的第二弱磁给定值。
  10. 一种风力发电机的振动抑制装置，其特征在于，包括：
    计算模块，用于根据发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和发电机的频率计算得到发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值；
    控制模块，用于根据所述发电机弱磁控制参数的给定值对发电机进行控制。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述计算模块具体用于根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和所述发电机的频率计算得到发电机直轴电流的给定值和发电机交轴电流的给定值；
    所述控制模块具体用于根据所述发电机直轴电流的给定值和所述发电机交轴电流的给定值对发电机进行电流矢量控制。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述计算模块包括：
    第一直轴电流弱磁控制子模块，用于根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和所述发电机的频率获得发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值；
    直轴电流选择子模块，用于根据所述发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值、发电机直轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值和发电机直轴电流的第二弱磁给定值获得所述发电机直轴电流的给定值；
    交轴电流计算子模块，用于根据所述发电机直轴电流的给定值和所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值计算得到所述发电机交轴电流的给定值。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一直轴电流弱磁控制子模块包括：
    交轴电流最大转矩/电流控制单元，用于根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值获得发电机交轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值；
    直轴电流弱磁控制单元，用于根据所述发电机交轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值和所述发电机的频率获得所述发电机直轴电流的第一弱磁给定值。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述计算模块还 包括：
    直轴电流最大转矩/电流控制子模块，用于根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值获得所述发电机直轴电流的最大输出转矩优化值；
    第二直轴电流弱磁控制子模块，用于根据发电机相电压的实际值和变流器最大输出电压获得所述发电机直轴电流的第二弱磁给定值。
  15. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述计算模块具体用于根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和所述发电机的频率计算得到发电机磁链的给定值和发电机电磁转矩的给定值；
    所述控制模块具体用于根据所述发电机磁链的给定值和所述发电机电磁转矩的给定值对发电机进行直接转矩控制。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其特征在于，所述计算模块包括：
    第一磁链弱磁控制子模块，用于根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值和所述发电机的频率获得发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值；
    磁链选择子模块，用于根据所述发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值、发电机磁链的最大输出转矩优化值和发电机磁链的第二弱磁给定值获得所述发电机磁链的给定值；
    电磁转矩计算子模块，用于根据所述发电机磁链的给定值计算得到所述发电机电磁转矩的给定值。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一磁链弱磁控制子模块包括：
    电磁转矩最大转矩/电流控制单元，用于根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值获得发电机电磁转矩的最大输出转矩优化值；
    磁链弱磁控制单元，用于根据所述发电机电磁转矩的最大输出转矩优化值和所述发电机的频率获得所述发电机磁链的第一弱磁给定值。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于，所述计算模块还包括：
    磁链最大转矩/电流控制子模块，用于根据所述发电机电磁有功功率的给定值获得所述发电机磁链的最大输出转矩优化值；
    第二磁链弱磁控制子模块，用于根据发电机相电压的实际值和变流器最大输出电压获得所述发电机磁链的第二弱磁给定值。
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